1
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Al-Gholam MAS, Hathout HMR, Safwat MM, Essawy AS. Sage ( Salvia officinalis) alleviates trazadone induced rat cardiotoxicity mediated via modulation of autophagy and oxidative stress. Anat Cell Biol 2024; 57:256-270. [PMID: 38472741 PMCID: PMC11184420 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant drug trazodone (TRZ) is commonly used for treating depression, anxiety, and insomnia, however, it causes cardiotoxicity, which is one of its limitations. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of sage (Salvia officinalis) in rats against cardiotoxicity induced by TRZ and to investigate the mechanisms involved in its cardio-protective properties through autophagy and oxidative stress. Fifty male albino rats were split randomly into five experimental groups: control group, sage oil group (100 mg/kg), TRZ group (20 mg/kg), protective group, and curative group. Cardiac function biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], and cardiac troponin T [cTnI]) were assessed in serum. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in cardiac tissue (total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were evaluated. Heart tissues were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations. DNA damage also evaluated. Significant rise in the levels of AST, CK-MB, and cTnI were observed with enhanced autophagy along with marked histopathological changes in the form of interrupted muscle fibers with wide interstitial spaces with areas of hemorrhage and extravasated blood and interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltration in TRZ group. DNA damage was also significantly increased in TRZ group. However, administration of sage in both protective and curative groups show marked improvement of the cardiac alterations. In conclusion, sage ameliorated the alterations in the heart induced by trazadone through modulation of autophagy and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwa Mohamed Safwat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saeed Essawy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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2
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Sun J, Fleishman JS, Liu X, Wang H, Huo L. Targeting novel regulated cell death:Ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116453. [PMID: 38513593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), a common neurological complication of sepsis, is a heterogenous complex clinical syndrome caused by the dysfunctional response of a host to infection. This dysfunctional response leads to excess mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite clinical relevance with high incidence, there is a lack of understanding for its both its acute/chronic pathogenesis and therapeutic management. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind SAE may provide tools to better enhance therapeutic efficacy. Mounting evidence indicates that some types of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD), such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy, contribute to SAE. Targeting these types of RCD may provide meaningful targets for future treatments against SAE. This review summarizes the core mechanism by which non-apoptotic RCD leads to the pathogenesis of SAE. We focus on the emerging types of therapeutic compounds that can inhibit RCD and delineate their beneficial pharmacological effects against SAE. Within this review we suggest that pharmacological inhibition of non-apoptotic RCD may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy against SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 11004, China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 11004, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 11004, China.
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3
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Chen X, Meng F, Chen C, Li S, Chou Z, Xu B, Mo JQ, Guo Y, Guan MX. Deafness-associated tRNA Phe mutation impaired mitochondrial and cellular integrity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107235. [PMID: 38552739 PMCID: PMC11046301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial RNA metabolism have been linked to sensorineural deafness that often occurs as a consequence of damaged or deficient inner ear hair cells. In this report, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying a deafness-associated tRNAPhe 593T > C mutation that changed a highly conserved uracil to cytosine at position 17 of the DHU-loop. The m.593T > C mutation altered tRNAPhe structure and function, including increased melting temperature, resistance to S1 nuclease-mediated digestion, and conformational changes. The aberrant tRNA metabolism impaired mitochondrial translation, which was especially pronounced by decreases in levels of ND1, ND5, CYTB, CO1, and CO3 harboring higher numbers of phenylalanine. These alterations resulted in aberrant assembly, instability, and reduced activities of respiratory chain enzyme complexes I, III, IV, and intact supercomplexes overall. Furthermore, we found that the m.593T > C mutation caused markedly diminished membrane potential, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species in the mutant cell lines carrying the m.593T > C mutation. These mitochondrial dysfunctions led to the mitochondrial dynamic imbalance via increasing fission with abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Excessive fission impaired the process of autophagy including the initiation phase, formation, and maturation of the autophagosome. In particular, the m.593T > C mutation upregulated the PARKIN-dependent mitophagy pathway. These alterations promoted an intrinsic apoptotic process for the removal of damaged cells. Our findings provide critical insights into the pathophysiology of maternally inherited deafness arising from tRNA mutation-induced defects in mitochondrial and cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baicheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Q Mo
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yufen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Lab of Genetics and Genomics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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He CW, Qin C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li K, Cai Y, Zhang W, Hu N, Wang Z. A cardiomyocyte-based biosensing platform for dynamic and quantitative investigation of excessive autophagy. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116113. [PMID: 38364328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important physiological phenomenon in eukaryotes that helps maintain the cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is involved in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, affecting the maintenance of cardiac function and disease prognosis. Physiological levels of autophagy serve as a defense mechanism for cardiomyocytes against environmental stimuli, but an overabundance of autophagy may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, conventional biological methods are difficult to monitor the autophagy process in a dynamic and chronic manner. Here, we developed a cardiomyocyte-based biosensing platform that records electrophysiological evolutions in action potentials to reflect the degree of autophagy. Different concentrations of rapamycin-mediated autophagy were administrated in the culture environment to simulate the autophagy model. Moreover, the 3-methyladenine (3-MA)-mediated autophagy inhibition was also investigated the protection on the autophagy. The recorded action potentials can precisely reflect different degrees of autophagy. Our study confirms the possibility of visualizing and characterizing the process of cardiomyocyte autophagy using cardiomyocyte-based biosensing platform, allowing to monitor the whole autophagy process in a non-invasive, real-time, and continuous way. We believe it will pave a promising avenue to precisely study the autophagy-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wen He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chunlian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310063, China
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuqun Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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5
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Wang G, Jiang X, Torabian P, Yang Z. Investigating autophagy and intricate cellular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma: Emphasis on cell death mechanism crosstalk. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216744. [PMID: 38431037 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a formidable global health challenge due to its prevalence, marked by high mortality and morbidity rates. This cancer type exhibits a multifaceted etiology, prominently linked to viral infections, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and genomic mutations. The inherent heterogeneity of HCC, coupled with its proclivity for developing drug resistance, presents formidable obstacles to effective therapeutic interventions. Autophagy, a fundamental catabolic process, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, responding to stressors such as nutrient deprivation. In the context of HCC, tumor cells exploit autophagy, either augmenting or impeding its activity, thereby influencing tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review underscores the dualistic role of autophagy in HCC, acting as both a pro-survival and pro-death mechanism, impacting the trajectory of tumorigenesis. The anti-carcinogenic potential of autophagy is evident in its ability to enhance apoptosis and ferroptosis in HCC cells. Pertinently, dysregulated autophagy fosters drug resistance in the carcinogenic context. Both genomic and epigenetic factors can regulate autophagy in HCC progression. Recognizing the paramount importance of autophagy in HCC progression, this review introduces pharmacological compounds capable of modulating autophagy-either inducing or inhibiting it, as promising avenues in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Interventional, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110020, PR China
| | - Pedram Torabian
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China.
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6
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Muramoto M, Mineoka N, Fukuda K, Kuriyama S, Masatani T, Fujita A. Coordinated regulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylserine levels by Osh4p and Osh5p is an essential regulatory mechanism in autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184308. [PMID: 38437942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is an intracellular degradative pathway in budding yeast cells. Certain lipid types play essential roles in autophagy; yet the precise mechanisms regulating lipid composition during autophagy remain unknown. Here, we explored the role of the Osh family proteins in the modulating lipid composition during autophagy in budding yeast. Our results showed that osh1-osh7∆ deletions lead to autophagic dysfunction, with impaired GFP-Atg8 processing and the absence of autophagosomes and autophagic bodies in the cytosol and vacuole, respectively. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy (EM) revealed elevated phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) levels in cytoplasmic and luminal leaflets of autophagic bodies and vacuolar membranes in all deletion mutants. Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) levels were significantly decreased in the autophagic bodies and vacuolar membranes in osh4∆ and osh5∆ mutants, whereas no significant changes were observed in other osh deletion mutants. Furthermore, we identified defects in autophagic processes in the osh4∆ and osh5∆ mutants, including rare autophagosome formation in the osh5∆ mutant and accumulation of autophagic bodies in the vacuole in the osh4∆ mutant, even in the absence of the proteinase inhibitor PMSF. These findings suggest that Osh4p and Osh5p play crucial roles in the transport of PtdSer to autophagic bodies and autophagosome membranes, respectively. The precise control of lipid composition in the membranes of autophagosomes and autophagic bodies by Osh4p and Osh5p represents an important regulatory mechanism in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Muramoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Nanaru Mineoka
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kayoko Fukuda
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akikazu Fujita
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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7
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Guo Y, Tong Z, Huang Y, Tang J, Xue X, Yang D, Yao C. Dynamic Assembly of DNA Nanostructures in Cancer Cells Enables the Coupling of Autophagy Activating and Real-Time Tracking. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3532-3540. [PMID: 38457281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing dynamic nanostructures for in situ regulation of biological processes inside living cells is of great importance in biomedical research. Herein we report the cascaded assembly of Y-shaped branched DNA nanostructure (YDN) during intracellular autophagy. YDN contains one arm with semi-i-motif sequence and Cy3-BHQ2, and another arm with an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site and Cy5-BHQ3. Upon uptake by cancer cells, intermolecular i-motif structures are formed in response to lysosomal H+, causing the formation of YDN-dimer and the recovery of Cy3 fluorescence; when escapes occur from the lysosome to the cytoplasm, the YDN-dimer responds to the overexpressed APE1, leading to the assembly of YDN into the DNA network and the fluorescence recovery of Cy5. Simultaneously, the cascaded assembly activates autophagy, and thus the process of assembly of YDN and autophagy flux can be spatiotemporally coupled. This work illustrates the potential of DNA nanostructures for the in situ regulation of intracellular dynamic events with spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobin Tong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jianpu Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, P.R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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8
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Li Z, Yin X, Lyu C, Wang J, Liu K, Cui S, Ding S, Wang Y, Wang J, Guo D, Xu R. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Trigger Autophagy in the Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Line RPMI8226: an In Vitro Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:913-926. [PMID: 37432567 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal proliferative plasma cell tumor. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used for antibacterial and antitumor applications in the biomedical field. This study investigated the autophagy-induced effects of ZnO NPs on the MM cell line RPMI8226 and the underlying mechanism. After RPMI8226 cells were exposed to various concentrations of ZnO NPs, the cell survival rate, morphological changes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, cell cycle arrest, and autophagic vacuoles were monitored. Moreover, we investigated the expression of Beclin 1 (Becn1), autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), and Atg12 at the mRNA and protein levels, as well as the level of light chain 3 (LC3). The results showed that ZnO NPs could effectively inhibit the proliferation and promote the death of RPMI8226 cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ZnO NPs increased LDH levels, enhanced monodansylcadaverine (MDC) fluorescence intensity, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phases in RPMI8226 cells. Moreover, ZnO NPs significantly increased the expression of Becn1, Atg5, and Atg12 at the mRNA and protein levels and stimulated the production of LC3. We further validated the results using the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3‑MA). Overall, we observed that ZnO NPs can trigger autophagy signaling in RPMI8226 cells, which may be a potential therapeutic approach for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuewei Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunyi Lyu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shumin Ding
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Hematology, Health Commission of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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9
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Montes LR. Ceramide regulation of autophagy: A biophysical approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159444. [PMID: 38056762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific membrane lipids play unique roles in (macro)autophagy. Those include phosphatidylethanolamine, to which LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins become covalently bound in the process, or cardiolipin, an important effector in mitochondrial autophagy (or mitophagy). Ceramide (Cer), or N-acyl sphingosine, is one of the simplest sphingolipids, known as a stress signal in the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, Cer is increasingly being recognized as an autophagy activator, although its mechanism of action is unclear. In the present review, the proposed Cer roles in autophagy are summarized, together with some biophysical properties of Cer in membranes. Possible pathways for Cer activation of autophagy are discussed, including specific protein binding of the lipid, and Cer-dependent perturbation of bilayer properties. Cer generation of lateral inhomogeneities (domain formation) is given special attention. Recent biophysical results, including fluorescence and atomic force microscopy data, show Cer-promoted enhanced binding of LC3/GABARAP to lipid bilayers. These observations could be interpreted in terms of the putative formation of Cer-rich nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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10
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He Y, Zhu G, Li X, Zhou M, Guan MX. Deficient tRNA posttranscription modification dysregulated the mitochondrial quality controls and apoptosis. iScience 2024; 27:108883. [PMID: 38318358 PMCID: PMC10838789 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in cellular metabolism and physiology. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical abnormalities. However, mechanisms underlying mtDNA mutations regulate intracellular signaling related to the mitochondrial and cellular integrity are less explored. Here, we demonstrated that mt-tRNAMet 4435A>G mutation-induced nucleotide modification deficiency dysregulated the expression of nuclear genes involved in cytosolic proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and impaired the assemble and integrity of OXPHOS complexes. These dysfunctions caused mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, thereby increasing fission and decreasing fusion. Excessive fission impaired the process of autophagy including initiation phase, formation, and maturation of autophagosome. Strikingly, the m.4435A>G mutation upregulated the PARKIN dependent mitophagy pathways but downregulated the ubiquitination-independent mitophagy. These alterations promoted intrinsic apoptotic process for the removal of damaged cells. Our findings provide new insights into mechanism underlying deficient tRNA posttranscription modification regulated intracellular signaling related to the mitochondrial and cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan He
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Zhejiang University International Institute of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Zhu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Zhejiang University International Institute of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Zhejiang University International Institute of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Lab of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Yang Y, Arnold ML, Lange CM, Sun LH, Broussalian M, Doroodian S, Ebata H, Choy EH, Poon K, Moreno TM, Singh A, Driscoll M, Kumsta C, Hansen M. Autophagy protein ATG-16.2 and its WD40 domain mediate the beneficial effects of inhibiting early-acting autophagy genes in C. elegans neurons. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:198-212. [PMID: 38177330 PMCID: PMC11022750 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
While autophagy genes are required for lifespan of long-lived animals, their tissue-specific roles in aging remain unclear. Here, we inhibited autophagy genes in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons, and found that knockdown of early-acting autophagy genes, except atg-16.2, increased lifespan, and decreased neuronal PolyQ aggregates, independently of autophagosomal degradation. Neurons can secrete protein aggregates via vesicles called exophers. Inhibiting neuronal early-acting autophagy genes, except atg-16.2, increased exopher formation and exopher events extended lifespan, suggesting exophers promote organismal fitness. Lifespan extension, reduction in PolyQ aggregates and increase in exophers were absent in atg-16.2 null mutants, and restored by full-length ATG-16.2 expression in neurons, but not by ATG-16.2 lacking its WD40 domain, which mediates noncanonical functions in mammalian systems. We discovered a neuronal role for C. elegans ATG-16.2 and its WD40 domain in lifespan, proteostasis and exopher biogenesis. Our findings suggest noncanonical functions for select autophagy genes in both exopher formation and in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meghan Lee Arnold
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biological Labs, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Caitlin M Lange
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ling-Hsuan Sun
- Buck Institute for Aging Research, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth H Choy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karie Poon
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana M Moreno
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anupama Singh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Monica Driscoll
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biological Labs, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Buck Institute for Aging Research, Novato, CA, USA.
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12
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Noda NN. Structural view on autophagosome formation. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:84-106. [PMID: 37758522 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation system in eukaryotes, involving the sequestration of degradation targets into autophagosomes, which are subsequently delivered to lysosomes (or vacuoles in yeasts and plants) for degradation. In budding yeast, starvation-induced autophagosome formation relies on approximately 20 core Atg proteins, grouped into six functional categories: the Atg1/ULK complex, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase complex, the Atg9 transmembrane protein, the Atg2-Atg18/WIPI complex, the Atg8 lipidation system, and the Atg12-Atg5 conjugation system. Additionally, selective autophagy requires cargo receptors and other factors, including a fission factor, for specific sequestration. This review covers the 30-year history of structural studies on core Atg proteins and factors involved in selective autophagy, examining X-ray crystallography, NMR, and cryo-EM techniques. The molecular mechanisms of autophagy are explored based on protein structures, and future directions in the structural biology of autophagy are discussed, considering the advancements in the era of AlphaFold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo N Noda
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Alam JM, Maruyama T, Noshiro D, Kakuta C, Kotani T, Nakatogawa H, Noda NN. Complete set of the Atg8-E1-E2-E3 conjugation machinery forms an interaction web that mediates membrane shaping. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:170-178. [PMID: 38057553 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein, is conjugated with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) via Atg7 (E1), Atg3 (E2) and Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 (E3) enzymatic cascade and mediates autophagy. However, its molecular roles in autophagosome formation are still unclear. Here we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Atg8-PE and E1-E2-E3 enzymes together construct a stable, mobile membrane scaffold. The complete scaffold formation induces an in-bud in prolate-shaped giant liposomes, transforming their morphology into one reminiscent of isolation membranes before sealing. In addition to their enzymatic roles in Atg8 lipidation, all three proteins contribute nonenzymatically to membrane scaffolding and shaping. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that Atg8, E1, E2 and E3 together form an interaction web through multivalent weak interactions, where the intrinsically disordered regions in Atg3 play a central role. These data suggest that all six Atg proteins in the Atg8 conjugation machinery control membrane shaping during autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daisuke Noshiro
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chika Kakuta
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kotani
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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14
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Tao J, Zeng Y, Dai B, Liu Y, Pan X, Wang LQ, Chen J, Zhou Y, Lu Z, Xie L, Liang Y. Excess PrP C inhibits muscle cell differentiation via miRNA-enhanced liquid-liquid phase separation implicated in myopathy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8131. [PMID: 38065962 PMCID: PMC10709375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is required for skeletal muscle function. Here, we report that a higher level of PrPC accumulates in the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle of six myopathy patients compared to controls. PrPC inhibits skeletal muscle cell autophagy, and blocks myoblast differentiation. PrPC selectively binds to a subset of miRNAs during myoblast differentiation, and the colocalization of PrPC and miR-214-3p was observed in the skeletal muscle of six myopathy patients with excessive PrPC. We demonstrate that PrPC is overexpressed in skeletal muscle cells under pathological conditions, inhibits muscle cell differentiation by physically interacting with a subset of miRNAs, and selectively recruits these miRNAs into its phase-separated condensate in living myoblasts, which in turn enhances liquid-liquid phase separation of PrPC, promotes pathological aggregation of PrP, and results in the inhibition of autophagy-related protein 5-dependent autophagy and muscle bundle formation in myopathy patients characterized by incomplete muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanping Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaohan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuneng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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15
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Gulia S, Chandra P, Das A. The Prognosis of Cancer Depends on the Interplay of Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Anoikis within the Tumor Microenvironment. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:621-658. [PMID: 37787970 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment, the fight between the immune system and cancer influences tumor transformation. Metastasis formation is an important stage in the progression of cancer. This process is aided by cellular detachment and resistance to anoikis, which are achieved by altering intercellular signaling. Autophagy, specifically pro-survival autophagy, aids cancer cells in developing treatment resistance. Numerous studies have shown that autophagy promotes tumor growth and resistance to anoikis. To regulate protective autophagy, cancer-related genes phosphorylate both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis, a type of controlled cell death, eliminates damaged or unwanted cells. Anoikis is a type of programmed cell death in which cells lose contact with the extracellular matrix. The dysregulation of these cellular pathways promotes tumor growth and spread. Apoptosis, anoikis, and autophagy interact meticulously and differently depending on the cellular circumstances. For instance, autophagy can protect cancer cells from apoptosis by removing cellular components that are damaged and might otherwise trigger apoptotic pathways. Similarly, anoikis dysregulation can trigger autophagy by causing cellular harm and metabolic stress. In order to prevent or treat metastatic disease, specifically, targeting these cellular mechanisms may present a promising prospect for cancer therapy. This review discourses the state of our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tumor transformation and the establishment of metastatic tumors. To enhance the prognosis for cancer, we highlight and discuss potential therapeutic approaches that target these processes and genes involved in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gulia
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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16
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Xiang H, Zhou M, Li Y, Zhou L, Wang R. Drug discovery by targeting the protein-protein interactions involved in autophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4373-4390. [PMID: 37969735 PMCID: PMC10638514 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process in which proteins and organelles are engulfed in autophagosomal vesicles and transported to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role at many stages of autophagy, which present formidable but attainable targets for autophagy regulation. Moreover, selective regulation of PPIs tends to have a lower risk in causing undesired off-target effects in the context of a complicated biological network. Thus, small-molecule regulators, including peptides and peptidomimetics, targeting the critical PPIs involved in autophagy provide a new opportunity for innovative drug discovery. This article provides general background knowledge of the critical PPIs involved in autophagy and reviews a range of successful attempts on discovering regulators targeting those PPIs. Successful strategies and existing limitations in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Mishra A, Varshney A, Mishra S. Regulation of Atg8 membrane deconjugation by cysteine proteases in the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:344. [PMID: 37910326 PMCID: PMC11073460 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
During macroautophagy, the Atg8 protein is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in autophagic membranes. In Apicomplexan parasites, two cysteine proteases, Atg4 and ovarian tumor unit (Otu), have been identified to delipidate Atg8 to release this protein from membranes. Here, we investigated the role of cysteine proteases in Atg8 conjugation and deconjugation and found that the Plasmodium parasite consists of both activities. We successfully disrupted the genes individually; however, simultaneously, they were refractory to deletion and essential for parasite survival. Mutants lacking Atg4 and Otu showed normal blood and mosquito stage development. All mice infected with Otu KO sporozoites became patent; however, Atg4 KO sporozoites either failed to establish blood infection or showed delayed patency. Through in vitro and in vivo analysis, we found that Atg4 KO sporozoites invade and normally develop into early liver stages. However, nuclear and organelle differentiation was severely hampered during late stages and failed to mature into hepatic merozoites. We found a higher level of Atg8 in Atg4 KO parasites, and the deconjugation of Atg8 was hampered. We confirmed Otu localization on the apicoplast; however, parasites lacking Otu showed no visible developmental defects. Our data suggest that Atg4 is the primary deconjugating enzyme and that Otu cannot replace its function completely because it cleaves the peptide bond at the N-terminal side of glycine, thereby irreversibly inactivating Atg8 during its recycling. These findings highlight a role for the Atg8 deconjugation pathway in organelle biogenesis and maintenance of the homeostatic cellular balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akancha Mishra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aastha Varshney
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Satish Mishra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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18
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Hsu HL, Lin BJ, Lin YC, Tu CC, Nguyen NL, Wang CC, Chen MC, Chen CH. Cucurbitacin E Exerts Anti-Proliferative Activity via Promoting p62-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8138-8151. [PMID: 37886957 PMCID: PMC10605876 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation are ineligible for EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is urgently needed for NSCLC patients who cannot receive targeted therapies. Natural products possess tremendous chemical diversity and have been extensively investigated for their anticancer activity. In this study, we found that Cucurbitacin E (Cu E), a triterpene of cucurbitacins widely presented in the edible plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, significantly inhibits the viability and proliferation of A549 cells that harbor wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation. Our results revealed that Cu E increases cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and subG1 phase. Mechanistically, Cu E significantly inhibits the phosphorylation and protein levels of regulatory proteins and hinders G2/M cell-cycle progression. Meanwhile, the treatment of Cu E resulted in DNA damage response and apoptosis. For the first time, we observed that Cu E induces incomplete autophagy as evidenced by increased LC3B-II expression and p62-accumulation. Knockdown of p62 rescued the cells from Cu E-mediated anti-proliferative effect, apoptosis, DNA damage, and ROS production. These findings suggest that Cu E is a promising drug candidate for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jyun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Nham-Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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19
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Liu H, Wei JY, Li Y, Ban M, Sun Q, Wang HJ, Zhao D, Tong PG, Wang L, Wang KJ, Yue JL, Zhang HY, Fang WG, Liu DX, Shang DS, Li B, Jin YP, Cao L, Zhao WD, Chen YH. Endothelial depletion of Atg7 triggers astrocyte-microvascular disassociation at blood-brain barrier. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202103098. [PMID: 36995368 PMCID: PMC10067974 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular basement membrane (BM) plays a pivotal role in the interactions of astrocyte with endothelium to maintain the blood-brain barrier (BBB) homeostasis; however, the significance and precise regulation of the endothelial cell-derived BM component in the BBB remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that conditional knockout of Atg7 in endothelial cells (Atg7-ECKO) leads to astrocyte-microvascular disassociation in the brain. Our results reveal astrocytic endfeet detachment from microvessels and BBB leakage in Atg7-ECKO mice. Furthermore, we find that the absence of endothelial Atg7 downregulates the expression of fibronectin, a major BM component of the BBB, causing significantly reduced coverage of astrocytes along cerebral microvessels. We reveal Atg7 triggers the expression of endothelial fibronectin via regulating PKA activity to affect the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. These results suggest that Atg7-regulated endothelial fibronectin production is required for astrocytes adhesion to microvascular wall for maintaining the BBB homeostasis. Thus, endothelial Atg7 plays an essential role in astrocyte-endothelium interactions to maintain the BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wei
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Ban
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Jie Wang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pai-Ge Tong
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kang-Ji Wang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin-Li Yue
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Gang Fang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Xin Liu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Shu Shang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Kurhade C, Kang S, Biering SB, Hwang S, Randall G. CAPRIN1 Is Required for Control of Viral Replication Complexes by Interferon Gamma. mBio 2023:e0017223. [PMID: 37052473 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00172-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication complexes (RCs), formed by positive-strand (+) RNA viruses through rearrangements of host endomembranes, protect their replicating RNA from host innate immune defenses. We have shown that two evolutionarily conserved defense systems, autophagy and interferon (IFN), target viral RCs and inhibit viral replication collaboratively. However, the mechanism by which autophagy proteins target viral RCs and the role of IFN-inducible GTPases in the disruption of RCs remains poorly understood. Here, using murine norovirus (MNV) as a model (+) RNA virus, we show that the guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) is the human GTPase responsible for inhibiting RCs. Furthermore, we found that ATG16L1 mediates the LC3 targeting of MNV RC by binding to WIPI2B and CAPRIN1, and that IFN gamma-mediated control of MNV replication was dependent on CAPRIN1. Collectively, this study identifies a novel mechanism for the autophagy machinery-mediated recognition and inhibition of viral RCs, a hallmark of (+) RNA virus replication. IMPORTANCE Replication complexes provide a microenvironment important for (+) RNA virus replication and shield it from host immune response. Previously we have shown that interferon gamma (IFNG) disrupts the RC of MNV via evolutionarily conserved autophagy proteins and IFN-inducible GTPases. Elucidating the mechanism of targeting of viral RC by ATG16L1 and IFN-induced GTPase will pave the way for development of therapeutics targeting the viral replication complexes. Here, we have identified GBP1 as the sole GBP targeting viral RC and uncovered the novel role of CAPRIN1 in recruiting ATG16L1 to the viral RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Kurhade
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Soowon Kang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Seungmin Hwang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Kamihara T, Hirashiki A, Kokubo M, Shimizu A. Transcriptome Discovery of Genes in the Three Phases of Autophagy That Are Upregulated During Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Rep 2023; 5:114-122. [PMID: 37025933 PMCID: PMC10072901 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-22-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy may contribute to the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF), but no previous study has concurrently surveyed all 3 phases of autophagy, namely autophagosome formation, lysosome formation, and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Here we aimed to identify disorders involving various phases of autophagy during AF. Methods and Results: We used bioinformatic techniques to analyze publicly available DNA microarray datasets from the left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) of 7 patients with AF and 6 patients with normal sinus rhythm who underwent valvular surgeries. We compared gene expression levels in the LA (AF-LA) and RA of patients with AF with those in the LA and RA of patients with normal sinus rhythm. Several differentially expressed genes in the AF-LA sample were significantly associated with the Gene Ontogeny term 'Autophagy', indicating that the expression of autophagic genes was specifically altered in this dataset. In particular, the expression of genes known or suspected to be involved in autophagosome formation (autophagy related 5 [ATG5], autophagy related 10 [ATG10], autophagy related 12 [ATG12], and light chain 3B [LC3B]), lysosome formation (lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 [LAMP1] and lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP2]), and autophagosome-lysosome fusion (synaptosome associated protein 29 [SNAP29], SNAP associated protein [SNAPIN], and syntaxin 17 [STX17]) was significantly upregulated in the LA-AF dataset. Conclusions: Autophagy is activated excessively in, and may perpetuate, AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirashiki
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Manabu Kokubo
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Atsuya Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
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22
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Salemkour Y, Lenoir O. Endothelial Autophagy Dysregulation in Diabetes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060947. [PMID: 36980288 PMCID: PMC10047205 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue that affected 537 million people worldwide in 2021, a number that is only expected to increase in the upcoming decade. Diabetes is a systemic metabolic disease with devastating macro- and microvascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction is a key determinant in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Dysfunctional endothelium leads to vasoconstriction by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability and increased expression of vasoconstrictor factors, vascular inflammation through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a loss of microvascular density leading to low organ perfusion, procoagulopathy, and/or arterial stiffening. Autophagy, a lysosomal recycling process, appears to play an important role in endothelial cells, ensuring endothelial homeostasis and functions. Previous reports have provided evidence of autophagic flux impairment in patients with type I or type II diabetes. In this review, we report evidence of endothelial autophagy dysfunction during diabetes. We discuss the mechanisms driving endothelial autophagic flux impairment and summarize therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salemkour
- PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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23
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Liu R, Xu W, Zhu H, Dong Z, Dong H, Yin S. Aging aggravates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury and inflammation through inordinate C/EBPα-BMP9 crosstalk. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:61. [PMID: 36945064 PMCID: PMC10029235 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is almost exclusively produced in the liver and reaches tissues throughout the body as a secreted protein. However, the mechanism of BMP9 action and its role in aging-associated liver injury and inflammation are still unclear. RESULTS Aging significantly aggravates acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). Increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and BMP9 was identified in aged livers and in hepatocytes and macrophages (MФs) isolated from aged mice. Further analysis revealed that excess BMP9 was directly related to APAP-induced hepatocyte injury and death, as evidenced by activated drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 1/5/9 (SMAD1/5/9) signaling, an increased dead cell/total cell ratio, decreased levels of ATG3 and ATG7, blocked autophagy, increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, and a higher rate of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) acquisition. In contrast, Bmp9 knockout (Bmp9-/-) partially alleviated the aforementioned manifestations of BMP9 overexpression. Moreover, BMP9 expression was found to be regulated by C/EBPα in vitro and in vivo. Notably, BMP9 also downregulated autophagy through its effect on autophagy-related genes (ATG3 and ATG7) in MΦs, which was associated with aggravated liver injury and SASP acquisition. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the present study highlights the crucial roles played by C/EBPα-BMP9 crosstalk and provides insights into the interrelationship between hepatocytes and MΦs during acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Dong
- Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huke Dong
- Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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24
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Zhen Y, Stenmark H. Autophagosome Biogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040668. [PMID: 36831335 PMCID: PMC9954227 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasm-plays a central role in cellular homeostasis and protects cells from potentially harmful agents that may accumulate in the cytoplasm, including pathogens, protein aggregates, and dysfunctional organelles. This process is initiated by the formation of a phagophore membrane, which wraps around a portion of cytoplasm or cargo and closes to form a double-membrane autophagosome. Upon the fusion of the autophagosome with a lysosome, the sequestered material is degraded by lysosomal hydrolases in the resulting autolysosome. Several alternative membrane sources of autophagosomes have been proposed, including the plasma membrane, endosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, hybrid organelles, and de novo synthesis. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of how the autophagosome is formed and highlight the proposed role of vesicles that contain the lipid scramblase ATG9 as potential seeds for phagophore biogenesis. We also discuss how the phagophore is sealed by the action of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +47-22781911 (Y.Z.); +47-22781818 (H.S.)
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +47-22781911 (Y.Z.); +47-22781818 (H.S.)
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25
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Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Varela YR, Ballesteros U, Lázaro M, Valle M, Fracchiolla D, Martens S, Montes LR, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Effect of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 autophagy E3-like complex on the ability of LC3/GABARAP proteins to induce vesicle tethering and fusion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:56. [PMID: 36729310 PMCID: PMC9894987 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In macroautophagy, the autophagosome (AP) engulfs portions of cytoplasm to allow their lysosomal degradation. AP formation in humans requires the concerted action of the ATG12 and LC3/GABARAP conjugation systems. The ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 or E3-like complex (E3 for short) acts as a ubiquitin-like E3 enzyme, promoting LC3/GABARAP proteins anchoring to the AP membrane. Their role in the AP expansion process is still unclear, in part because there are no studies comparing six LC3/GABARAP family member roles under the same conditions, and also because the full human E3 was only recently available. In the present study, the lipidation of six members of the LC3/GABARAP family has been reconstituted in the presence and absence of E3, and the mechanisms by which E3 and LC3/GABARAP proteins participate in vesicle tethering and fusion have been investigated. In the absence of E3, GABARAP and GABARAPL1 showed the highest activities. Differences found within LC3/GABARAP proteins suggest the existence of a lipidation threshold, lower for the GABARAP subfamily, as a requisite for tethering and inter-vesicular lipid mixing. E3 increases and speeds up lipidation and LC3/GABARAP-promoted tethering. However, E3 hampers LC3/GABARAP capacity to induce inter-vesicular lipid mixing or subsequent fusion, presumably through the formation of a rigid scaffold on the vesicle surface. Our results suggest a model of AP expansion in which the growing regions would be areas where the LC3/GABARAP proteins involved should be susceptible to lipidation in the absence of E3, or else a regulatory mechanism would allow vesicle incorporation and phagophore growth when E3 is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Uxue Ballesteros
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Melisa Lázaro
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Valle
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dorotea Fracchiolla
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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26
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Pan M, Yin Y, Hu T, Wang X, Jia T, Sun J, Wang Q, Meng W, Zhu J, Dai C, Hu H, Wang C. UXT attenuates the CGAS-STING1 signaling by targeting STING1 for autophagic degradation. Autophagy 2023; 19:440-456. [PMID: 35543189 PMCID: PMC9851252 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2076192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
STING1 (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1), the pivotal adaptor protein of CGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase)-STING1 signaling, is critical for type I IFN production of innate immunity. However, excessive or prolonged activation of STING1 is associated with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, preventing STING1 from over-activation is important to maintain immune homeostasis. Here, we reported that UXT (ubiquitously expressed prefoldin like chaperone), a small chaperone-like protein, was essential to prevent the excessive activation of STING1-mediated type I IFN signaling through autophagic degradation of STING1 via SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1). Upon DNA mimics or cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) stimulation, UXT specifically interacted with STING1 and promoted STING1 degradation through selective macroautophagy/autophagy. Moreover, UXT was required for more efficient autophagic degradation of STING1 by facilitating the interaction of SQSTM1 and STING1. The in vivo role of UXT in attenuating the CGAS-STING1 signaling was further confirmed in the mouse model of DNA-virus infection and the TMPD (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane)-induced murine lupus model. Intriguingly, the expression of UXT was consistently impaired and exhibited a remarkable inverse correlation with type I IFN signature in the leukocytes and PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) of several large SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) cohorts. Importantly, the replenishment of UXT effectively suppressed the production of IFNs and ISGs in the PBMCs of SLE patients. Taken together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of UXT in autophagic degradation of STING1 to maintain immune homeostasis. UXT might be a potential therapeutic target for alleviating aberrant type I IFNs in autoimmune diseasesAbbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; cGAMP: cyclic GMP-AMP; CGAS: cyclic gmp-amp synthase; cKO: conditional knockout; CXCL10: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HSV-1: herpes simplex virus type 1; HTDNA: herring testes DNA; IFIT1: interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1; IFNA4: interferon alpha 4; IFNB: interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; ISD: interferon stimulatory DNA; ISGs: IFN-stimulated genes; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RSAD2: radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TMPD: 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane; UXT: ubiquitously expressed prefoldin like chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Tongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Tian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Diseases, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,CONTACT Chunsun Dai Center for Kidney Diseases, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China,Haiyang Hu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian AvenueNanjingChina
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangning District, China,Chen Wang State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian AvenueNanjingChina
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27
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Liang Q, Wan J, Liu H, Jia D, Chen Q, Wang A, Wei T. A plant nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus activates and co-opts BNIP3-mediated mitophagy to promote persistent infection in its insect vector. Autophagy 2023; 19:616-631. [PMID: 35722949 PMCID: PMC9851205 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2091904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy that selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria is an essential mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Recently, mitophagy has been shown to be induced in host cells infected by a few animal viruses. Here, we report that southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a plant nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus, can also trigger mitophagy in its planthopper vector to prevent mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and promote persistent viral propagation. We find that the fibrillar structures constructed by the nonstructural protein P7-1 of SRBSDV directly target mitochondria via interaction with the mitophagy receptor BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3), and these mitochondria are then sequestered within autophagosomes to form mitophagosomes. Moreover, SRBSDV infection or P7-1 expression alone can promote BNIP3 dimerization on the mitochondria, and induce autophagy via the P7-1-ATG8 interaction. Furthermore, SRBSDV infection stimulates the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), resulting in BNIP3 phosphorylation via the AMPKα-BNIP3 interaction. Together, P7-1 induces BNIP3-mediated mitophagy by promoting the formation of phosphorylated BNIP3 dimers on the mitochondria. Silencing of ATG8, BNIP3, or AMPKα significantly reduces virus-induced mitophagy and viral propagation in insect vectors. These data suggest that in planthopper, SRBSDV-induced mitophagosomes are modified to accommodate virions and facilitate persistent viral propagation. In summary, our results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of a viral protein in the induction of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy by bridging autophagosomes and mitochondria and reveal the functional importance of virus-induced mitophagy in maintaining persistent viral infection in insect vectors.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CASP3: caspase 3; dsRNA: double strand RNA; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; FKBP8: FKBP prolyl isomerase 8; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; padp: post-first access to diseased plants; Phos-tag: Phosphate-binding tag; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; Sf9: Spodoptera frugiperda; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SRBSDV: southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; RBSDV: rice black-streaked dwarf virus; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP nick end labeling; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VDAC1: voltage dependent anion channel 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,CONTACT Taiyun Wei State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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28
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Zhang W, Geng X, Dong Q, Li X, Ye P, Lin M, Xu B, Jiang H. Crosstalk between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway regulates realgar-induced neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115776. [PMID: 36191662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Realgar, the main component of which is As2S2 or As4S4 (≥90%), is a traditional Chinese natural medicine that has been used to treat carbuncles, furuncles, snake and insect bites, abdominal pain caused by parasitic worms, and epilepsy in China for many years. Because realgar contains arsenic, chronic or excessive use of single-flavor realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicine can lead to drug-induced arsenic poisoning, but the exact mechanism underlying its toxicity to the central nervous system is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of realgar-induced neurotoxicity and to investigate the effects of realgar on autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used rats treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or adeno-associated virus (AAV2/9-r-shRNA-Sqstm1, sh-p62) to investigate realgar-induced neurotoxicity and explore the specific relationship between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (the Nrf2 pathway) in the cerebral cortex. Molecular docking analysis was used to assess the interactions among the Nrf2, p62 and Keap1 proteins. RESULTS Our results showed that arsenic from realgar accumulated in the brain and blood to cause neuronal and synaptic damage, decrease exploratory behavior and spontaneous movement, and impair memory ability in rats. The mechanism may have involved realgar-mediated autophagy impairment and continuous activation of the Nrf2 pathway via the LC3-p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis. However, because this activation of the Nrf2 pathway was not sufficient to counteract oxidative damage, apoptosis was aggravated in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that autophagy, the Nrf2 pathway, and apoptosis are involved in realgar-induced central nervous system toxicity and identified p62 as the hub of the LC3-p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis in the regulation of autophagy, the Nrf2 pathway, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xu Geng
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Qing Dong
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Xiuhan Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Ping Ye
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Mengyuan Lin
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Liaoning, PR China.
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29
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Qu K, Yan F, Qin X, Zhang K, He W, Dong M, Wu G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1084604. [PMID: 36605901 PMCID: PMC9807884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor causing abnormal function of the endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, and diabetes, promote mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial mitochondria in endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical trial center, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
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30
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Tabibzadeh S. Role of autophagy in aging: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Aging Cell 2022; 22:e13753. [PMID: 36539927 PMCID: PMC9835585 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (self-eating) is a conserved catabolic homeostatic process required for cellular metabolic demands by removal of the damaged molecules and organelles and for alleviation of stress initiated by pathology and infection. By such actions, autophagy is essential for the prevention of aging, disease, and cancer. Genetic defects of autophagy genes lead to a host of developmental, metabolic, and pathological aberrations. Similarly, the age-induced decline in autophagy leads to the loss of cellular homeostatic control. Paradoxically, such a valuable mechanism is hijacked by diseases, during tumor progression and by senescence, presumably due to high levels of metabolic demand. Here, we review both the role of autophagy in preventing cellular decline in aging by fulfillment of cellular bioenergetic demands and its contribution to the maintenance of the senescent state and SASP by acting on energy and nutritional sensors and diverse signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and CancerIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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31
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Hugan Buzure Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1618491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of Hugan Buzure (HBR) on cell apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the molecular mechanisms of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. HepG2 and Huh7 cell viability was detected by the tetramethylazolium salt colorimetric (MTT) method. Cell proliferation was measured using the colony formation method. Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry were employed to detect apoptosis. In addition, immunofluorescence was carried out to evaluate the expression of LC3. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, LC3, Beclin1, p62 (SQSTM1), and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway-related proteins in HCC cells. This work verified that HBR reduced HepG2 and Huh7 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with HBR caused an obvious improvement of the apoptosis rate, accompanied by the increase in Bax/Bcl2, Caspase3, LC3II, and Beclin1 levels, respectively. Furthermore, HBR downregulated the expression of p62, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins. HBR combined with HCQ enhanced HBR-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, HBR induced autophagy and apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to HCC cell death. This research preliminarily suggested the potential role of HBR in the treatment of HCC.
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Yue YL, Zhang MY, Liu JY, Fang LJ, Qu YQ. The role of autophagy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapies. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666221140972. [PMID: 36468453 PMCID: PMC9726854 DOI: 10.1177/17534666221140972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial pulmonary disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Autophagy is a fundamental intracellular process involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating cell survival. Autophagy deficiency has been shown to play an important role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This review focused on the six steps of autophagy, as well as the interplay between autophagy and other seven pulmonary fibrosis related mechanisms, which include extracellular matrix deposition, myofibroblast differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, pulmonary epithelial cell dysfunction, apoptosis, TGF-β1 pathway, and the renin-angiotensin system. In addition, this review also summarized autophagy-related signaling pathways such as mTOR, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3 signaling, p65, and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling during the development of IPF. Furthermore, this review also illustrated the commonly used autophagy detection methods, the currently approved antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib, and several prospective compounds targeting autophagy for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Liang Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Jun Fang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ye W, Fan C, Fu K, Wang X, Lin J, Nian S, Liu C, Zhou W. The SAR and action mechanisms of autophagy inhibitors that eliminate drug resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Intercellular transfer of activated STING triggered by RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagy promotes antitumor immunity. Cell Res 2022; 32:1086-1104. [PMID: 36280710 PMCID: PMC9715632 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
STING, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein, mediates innate immune activation upon cGAMP stimulation and is degraded through autophagy. Here, we report that activated STING could be transferred between cells to promote antitumor immunity, a process triggered by RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagy. Mechanistically, RAB22A engages PI4K2A to generate PI4P that recruits the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16L1 complex, inducing the formation of ER-derived RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagosome, in which STING activated by agonists or chemoradiotherapy is packaged. This RAB22A-induced autophagosome fuses with RAB22A-positive early endosome, generating a new organelle that we name Rafeesome (RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagosome fused with early endosome). Meanwhile, RAB22A inactivates RAB7 to suppress the fusion of Rafeesome with lysosome, thereby enabling the secretion of the inner vesicle of the autophagosome bearing activated STING as a new type of extracellular vesicle that we define as R-EV (RAB22A-induced extracellular vesicle). Activated STING-containing R-EVs induce IFNβ release from recipient cells to the tumor microenvironment, promoting antitumor immunity. Consistently, RAB22A enhances the antitumor effect of the STING agonist diABZI in mice, and a high RAB22A level predicts good survival in nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Our findings reveal that Rafeesome regulates the intercellular transfer of activated STING to trigger and spread antitumor immunity, and that the inner vesicle of non-canonical autophagosome originated from ER is secreted as R-EV, providing a new perspective for understanding the intercellular communication of organelle membrane proteins.
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Li X, Li L, Si X, Zhang Z, Ni Z, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xia W, Zhang Y, Gu X, Huang J, Yin C, Shao A, Jiang L. The regulatory roles of circular RNAs via autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963508. [PMID: 36330428 PMCID: PMC9623297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe disease with a high disability, recurrence, and mortality rates. Autophagy, a highly conserved process that degrades damaged or aging organelles and excess cellular components to maintain homeostasis, is activated during IS. It influences the blood–brain barrier integrity and regulates apoptosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs involved in IS-induced autophagy and participate in various pathological processes following IS. In addition, they play a role in autophagy regulation. This review summarizes current evidence on the roles of autophagy and circRNA in IS and the potential mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate autophagy to influence IS injury. This review serves as a basis for the clinical application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhumei Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congguo Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Congguo Yin
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Anwen Shao
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Lin Jiang
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36
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Schmitt D, Bozkurt S, Henning‐Domres P, Huesmann H, Eimer S, Bindila L, Behrends C, Boyle E, Wilfling F, Tascher G, Münch C, Behl C, Kern A. Lipid and protein content profiling of isolated native autophagic vesicles. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53065. [PMID: 36215690 PMCID: PMC9724672 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for clearance of an extensive portfolio of cargoes, which are sequestered into vesicles, called autophagosomes, and are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. The pathway is highly dynamic and responsive to several stress conditions. However, the phospholipid composition and protein contents of human autophagosomes under changing autophagy rates are elusive so far. Here, we introduce an antibody-based FACS-mediated approach for the isolation of native autophagic vesicles and ensured the quality of the preparations. Employing quantitative lipidomics, we analyze phospholipids present within human autophagic vesicles purified upon basal autophagy, starvation, and proteasome inhibition. Importantly, besides phosphoglycerides, we identify sphingomyelin within autophagic vesicles and show that the phospholipid composition is unaffected by the different conditions. Employing quantitative proteomics, we obtain cargo profiles of autophagic vesicles isolated upon the different treatment paradigms. Interestingly, starvation shows only subtle effects, while proteasome inhibition results in the enhanced presence of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway factors within autophagic vesicles. Thus, here we present a powerful method for the isolation of native autophagic vesicles, which enabled profound phospholipid and cargo analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schmitt
- The Autophagy Lab, Institute of PathobiochemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Pascale Henning‐Domres
- The Autophagy Lab, Institute of PathobiochemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Heike Huesmann
- The Autophagy Lab, Institute of PathobiochemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- Department of Structural Cell BiologyInstitute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Clinical Lipidomics Unit, Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Emily Boyle
- Mechanisms of Cellular Quality ControlMax Planck Institute of BiophysicsFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Florian Wilfling
- Mechanisms of Cellular Quality ControlMax Planck Institute of BiophysicsFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Christian Behl
- The Autophagy Lab, Institute of PathobiochemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Andreas Kern
- The Autophagy Lab, Institute of PathobiochemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
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37
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Wang R, Ha KY, Dhandapani S, Kim YJ. Biologically synthesized black ginger-selenium nanoparticle induces apoptosis and autophagy of AGS gastric cancer cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:441. [PMID: 36209164 PMCID: PMC9548198 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being a promising strategy, current chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) is limited due to adverse side effects and poor survival rates. Therefore, new drug-delivery platforms with good biocompatibility are needed. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticle-based drug delivery can be safe, eco-friendly, and nontoxic making them attractive candidates. Here, we develop a novel selenium-nanoparticle based drug-delivery agent for cancer treatment from plant extracts and selenium salts. RESULTS Selenium cations were reduced to selenium nanoparticles using Kaempferia parviflora (black ginger) root extract and named KP-SeNP. Transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum were utilized to confirm the physicochemical features of the nanoparticles. The KP-SeNPs showed significant cytotoxicity in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell (AGS cells) but not in normal cells. We determined that the intracellular signaling pathway mechanisms associated with the anticancer effects of KP-SeNPs involve the upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling markers, such as B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-associated X protein, and caspase 3 in AGS cells. KP-SeNPs also caused autophagy of AGS by increasing the autophagic flux-marker protein, LC3B-II, whilst inhibiting autophagic cargo protein, p62. Additionally, phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway markers and downstream targets was decreased in KP-SeNP-treated AGS cells. AGS-cell xenograft model results further validated our in vitro findings, showing that KP-SeNPs are biologically safe and exert anticancer effects via autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that KP-SeNPs treatment of AGS cells induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suppressing GC progression. Thus, our research strongly suggests that KP-SeNPs could act as a novel potential therapeutic agent for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Wang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Yun Ha
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeevram Dhandapani
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Changotra H, Kaur S, Yadav SS, Gupta GL, Parkash J, Duseja A. ATG5: A central autophagy regulator implicated in various human diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:650-667. [PMID: 36062813 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular conserved degradative process, plays a central role in the renewal/recycling of a cell to maintain the homeostasis of nutrients and energy within the cell. ATG5, a key component of autophagy, regulates the formation of the autophagosome, a hallmark of autophagy. ATG5 binds with ATG12 and ATG16L1 resulting in E3 like ligase complex, which is necessary for autophagosome expansion. Available data suggest that ATG5 is indispensable for autophagy and has an imperative role in several essential biological processes. Moreover, ATG5 has also been demonstrated to possess autophagy-independent functions that magnify its significance and therapeutic potential. ATG5 interacts with various molecules for the execution of different processes implicated during physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, ATG5 genetic variants are associated with various ailments. This review discusses various autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent roles of ATG5, highlights its various deleterious genetic variants reported until now, and various studies supporting it as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sargeet Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Singh Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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40
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Lin GS, Zhao MM, Fu QC, Zhao SY, Ba TT, Yu HX. Palmatine attenuates hepatocyte injury by promoting autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway after alcoholic liver disease. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1613-1622. [PMID: 35976121 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is one of the diseases with the highest fatality rate worldwide. The cellular process of autophagy which recycles damaged organelles to maintain protein and organelle homeostasis is found to positively influence survival during hepatic insufficiency, although the mechanism is poorly understood. Palmatine (PLT) has a variety of biological functions, such as broad-spectrum antibacterial action, neuroprotective, antioxidant stress, and antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it is not known whether PLT has a protective effect against alcoholic liver injury. Here, we investigated the protective effect of PLT in a cellular model of alcohol-induced acute liver injury and further explored its mechanism of action. In this study, we show for the first time that PLT attenuates alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury by promoting autophagy to play an essential protective role. As PLT treatment induced a brief increase in LC3-II conversion and p62 degradation, it also upregulated the expression of ATG5 and ATG7. The expression levels of the proapoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 significantly decreased, while the antiapoptotic protein levels of Bcl-2 upregulated after treatment with PLT. However, in presence of the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, the effect of PLT in inhibiting ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury reversed significantly. Mechanistically, the protective effects of PLT may be mediated by promoting the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Therefore, we believe that the development of alcoholic liver injuries may be controlled by PLT by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis through the autophagy pathway. The study lays a solid theoretical and practical basis for future animal models and clinical studies of PLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shuai Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mao-Mao Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qi-Chao Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Yi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ba
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Xia Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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41
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Yim WWY, Yamamoto H, Mizushima N. A pulse-chasable reporter processing assay for mammalian autophagic flux with HaloTag. eLife 2022; 11:78923. [PMID: 35938926 PMCID: PMC9385206 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring autophagic flux is necessary for most autophagy studies. The autophagic flux assays currently available for mammalian cells are generally complicated and do not yield highly quantitative results. Yeast autophagic flux is routinely monitored with the GFP-based processing assay, whereby the amount of GFP proteolytically released from GFP-containing reporters (e.g., GFP-Atg8), detected by immunoblotting, reflects autophagic flux. However, this simple and effective assay is typically inapplicable to mammalian cells because GFP is efficiently degraded in lysosomes while the more proteolytically resistant RFP accumulates in lysosomes under basal conditions. Here, we report a HaloTag (Halo)-based reporter processing assay to monitor mammalian autophagic flux. We found that Halo is sensitive to lysosomal proteolysis but becomes resistant upon ligand binding. When delivered into lysosomes by autophagy, pulse-labeled Halo-based reporters (e.g., Halo-LC3 and Halo-GFP) are proteolytically processed to generate Haloligand when delivered into lysosomes by autophagy. Hence, the amount of free Haloligand detected by immunoblotting or in-gel fluorescence imaging reflects autophagic flux. We demonstrate the applications of this assay by monitoring the autophagy pathways, macroautophagy, selective autophagy, and even bulk nonselective autophagy. With the Halo-based processing assay, mammalian autophagic flux and lysosome-mediated degradation can be monitored easily and precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willa Wen-You Yim
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Qi S, Zhang X, Fu Z, Pi A, Shi F, Fan Y, Zhang J, Xiao T, Shang D, Lin M, Gao N, Chang J, Gao Y. (±)-5-bromo-2-(5-fluoro-1-hydroxyamyl) Benzoate Protects Against Oxidative Stress Injury in PC12 Cells Exposed to H2O2 Through Activation of Nrf2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943111. [PMID: 35935850 PMCID: PMC9348035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (±)-5-bromo-2-(5-fluoro-1-hydroxyamyl) benzoate (BFB) is a novel compound modified by dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP). Here, we hypothesized that BFB may protect the PC12 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury through activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Methods: We measured the cell viability and levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to determine the construction of the H2O2-induced models of oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Additionally, apoptotic cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular morphology were examined to determine the effect of BFB on oxidative stress injury in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. The expression levels of Nrf2-related and autophagy-related genes and proteins were detected using real time quantative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western Blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. Results: Our study showed that BFB treatment reduced the elevated levels of MDA, LDH, and ROS, and decreased cell viability and GSH in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. We also observed the elevated expression of Nrf2 pathway-related factors and intranuclear transitions and found that Nrf2 inhibitors (ML385) could block the protective effect of BFB. The inhibitory effect of BFB on oxidative stress may be partially regulated by Nrf2 activation, and the initiation and induction of autophagy. Conclusion: BFB inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in PC12 cells by activating the Nrf2 pathway, initiating and inducing autophagy, suggesting that BFB may be a promising therapeutic agent in treating neurological disorders like cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidan Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anran Pi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feiyan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Experimental Center, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Gao,
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43
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Vitto VAM, Bianchin S, Zolondick AA, Pellielo G, Rimessi A, Chianese D, Yang H, Carbone M, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Patergnani S. Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy in Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071596. [PMID: 35884904 PMCID: PMC9313210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and tightly regulated process that plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It involves regulation of various genes that function to degrade unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components, and to recycle metabolic substrates. Autophagy is modulated by many factors, such as nutritional status, energy level, hypoxic conditions, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hormonal stimulation and drugs, and these factors can regulate autophagy both upstream and downstream of the pathway. In cancer, autophagy acts as a double-edged sword depending on the tissue type and stage of tumorigenesis. On the one hand, autophagy promotes tumor progression in advanced stages by stimulating tumor growth. On the other hand, autophagy inhibits tumor development in the early stages by enhancing its tumor suppressor activity. Moreover, autophagy drives resistance to anticancer therapy, even though in some tumor types, its activation induces lethal effects on cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the biological mechanisms of autophagy and its dual role in cancer. In addition, we report the current understanding of autophagy in some cancer types with markedly high incidence and/or lethality, and the existing therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Silvia Bianchin
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Alicia Ann Zolondick
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (A.A.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Chianese
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Haining Yang
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (A.A.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (A.A.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
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44
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Al-Bari AA. Inhibition of autolysosomes by repurposing drugs as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2078894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Alim Al-Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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45
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Wei F, Yang A, Zhao Z, An H, Li Y, Duan Y. Mechanism of ER Stress-mediated ER-phagy by CdTe-QDs in Yeast Cells. Toxicol Lett 2022; 365:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia despite substantial efforts to understand the pathophysiology of the condition and develop improved treatments. Identifying the underlying causative mechanisms of AF in individual patients is difficult and the efficacy of current therapies is suboptimal. Consequently, the incidence of AF is steadily rising and there is a pressing need for novel therapies. Research has revealed that defects in specific molecular pathways underlie AF pathogenesis, resulting in electrical conduction disorders that drive AF. The severity of this so-called electropathology correlates with the stage of AF disease progression and determines the response to AF treatment. Therefore, unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying electropathology is expected to fuel the development of innovative personalized diagnostic tools and mechanism-based therapies. Moreover, the co-creation of AF studies with patients to implement novel diagnostic tools and therapies is a prerequisite for successful personalized AF management. Currently, various treatment modalities targeting AF-related electropathology, including lifestyle changes, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical therapy, substrate-based ablative therapy, and neuromodulation, are available to maintain sinus rhythm and might offer a novel holistic strategy to treat AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Xun Ai
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine/Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Myrthe F Kuipers
- AFIPonline.org, Atrial Fibrillation Innovation Platform, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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47
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Hasan A, Rizvi SF, Parveen S, Pathak N, Nazir A, Mir SS. Crosstalk Between ROS and Autophagy in Tumorigenesis: Understanding the Multifaceted Paradox. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852424. [PMID: 35359388 PMCID: PMC8960719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer formation is a highly regulated and complex process, largely dependent on its microenvironment. This complexity highlights the need for developing novel target-based therapies depending on cancer phenotype and genotype. Autophagy, a catabolic process, removes damaged and defective cellular materials through lysosomes. It is activated in response to stress conditions such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is induced by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are multifaceted molecules that drive several pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Moreover, autophagy also plays a dual role, initially inhibiting tumor formation but promoting tumor progression during advanced stages. Mounting evidence has suggested an intricate crosstalk between autophagy and ROS where they can either suppress cancer formation or promote disease etiology. This review highlights the regulatory roles of autophagy and ROS from tumor induction to metastasis. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies that have been devised so far to combat cancer. Based on the review, we finally present some gap areas that could be targeted and may provide a basis for cancer suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Suroor Fatima Rizvi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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48
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Nekrakalaya B, Arefian M, Kotimoole CN, Krishna RM, Palliyath GK, Najar MA, Behera SK, Kasaragod S, Santhappan P, Hegde V, Prasad TSK. Towards Phytopathogen Diagnostics? Coconut Bud Rot Pathogen Phytophthora palmivora Mycelial Proteome Analysis Informs Genome Annotation. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:189-203. [PMID: 35353641 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Planetary agriculture stands to benefit immensely from phytopathogen diagnostics, which would enable early detection of pathogens with harmful effects on crops. For example, Phytophthora palmivora is one of the most destructive phytopathogens affecting many economically important tropical crops such as coconut. P. palmivora causes diseases in over 200 host plants, and notably, the bud rot disease in coconut and oil palm, which is often lethal because it is usually detected at advanced stages of infection. Limited availability of large-scale omics datasets for P. palmivora is an important barrier for progress toward phytopathogen diagnostics. We report here the mycelial proteome of P. palmivora using high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. We identified 8073 proteins in the mycelium. Gene Ontology-based functional classification of detected proteins revealed 4884, 4981, and 3044 proteins, respectively, with roles in biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. Proteins such as P-loop, NTPase, and WD40 domains with key roles in signal transduction pathways were identified. KEGG pathway analysis annotated 2467 proteins to various signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol, Ca2+, and mitogen-activated protein kinase, and autophagy and cell cycle. These molecular substrates might possess vital roles in filamentous growth, sporangia formation, degradation of damaged cellular content, and recycling of nutrients in P. palmivora. This large-scale proteomics data and analyses pave the way for new insights on biology, genome annotation, and vegetative growth of the important plant pathogen P. palmivora. They also can help accelerate research on future phytopathogen diagnostics and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya Nekrakalaya
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Arefian
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | | | - Mohammad Altaf Najar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sandeep Kasaragod
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Vinayaka Hegde
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
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49
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Ro SH, Bae J, Jang Y, Myers JF, Chung S, Yu J, Natarajan SK, Franco R, Song HS. Arsenic Toxicity on Metabolism and Autophagy in Adipose and Muscle Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040689. [PMID: 35453374 PMCID: PMC9028583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally occurring metalloid derived from the environment, has been studied worldwide for its causative effects in various cancers. However, the effects of arsenic toxicity on the development and progression of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and diabetes, has received less attention. Many studies suggest that metabolic dysfunction and autophagy dysregulation of adipose and muscle tissues are closely related to the development of metabolic disease. In the USA, arsenic contamination has been reported in some ground water, soil and grain samples in major agricultural regions, but the effects on adipose and muscle tissue metabolism and autophagy have not been investigated much. Here, we highlight arsenic toxicity according to the species, dose and exposure time and the effects on adipose and muscle tissue metabolism and autophagy. Historically, arsenic was used as both a poison and medicine, depending on the dose and treatment time. In the modern era, arsenic intoxication has significantly increased due to exposure from water, soil and food, which could be a contributing factor in the development and progression of metabolic disease. From this review, a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms by which arsenic alters metabolism and autophagy regulation could become a cornerstone leading to the development of therapeutic strategies against arsenic-induced toxicity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (J.B.); (Y.J.); (J.F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-5424; Fax:+1-402-472-7842
| | - Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (J.B.); (Y.J.); (J.F.M.)
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yura Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (J.B.); (Y.J.); (J.F.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jacob F. Myers
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (J.B.); (Y.J.); (J.F.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Jefferson College of Life Sciences, MD-PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Jiujiu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (J.Y.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (J.Y.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Hyun-Seob Song
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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50
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Zhang Q, Cao S, Qiu F, Kang N. Incomplete autophagy: Trouble is a friend. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1545-1587. [PMID: 35275411 DOI: 10.1002/med.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete autophagy is an impaired self-eating process of intracellular macromolecules and organelles in which accumulated autophagosomes do not fuse with lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the blockage of autophagic flux. In this review, we summarized the literature over the past decade describing incomplete autophagy, and found that different from the double-edged sword effect of general autophagy on promoting cell survival or death, incomplete autophagy plays a crucial role in disrupting cellular homeostasis, and promotes only cell death. What matters is that incomplete autophagy is closely relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases, which, meanwhile, intimately linking to the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of several compounds. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the latest progress of incomplete autophagy on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, implications of incomplete autophagy for pharmacotherapy are also discussed, which has great relevance for our understanding of the distinctive role of incomplete autophagy in cellular physiology and disease. Consequently, targeting incomplete autophagy may contribute to the development of novel generation therapeutic agents for diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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