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Nie P, Zhang C, Wu F, Chen S, Wang L. The Compromised Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Prelamin A-Expressing Cells Contributes to Replication Stress-Induced Genomic Instability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307751. [PMID: 38894550 PMCID: PMC11321653 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Genomic instability is not only a hallmark of senescent cells but also a key factor driving cellular senescence, and replication stress is the main source of genomic instability. Defective prelamin A processing caused by lamin A/C (LMNA) or zinc metallopeptidase STE24 (ZMPSTE24) gene mutations results in premature aging. Although previous studies have shown that dysregulated lamin A interferes with DNA replication and causes replication stress, the relationship between lamin A dysfunction and replication stress remains largely unknown. Here, an increase in baseline replication stress and genomic instability is found in prelamin A-expressing cells. Moreover, prelamin A confers hypersensitivity of cells to exogenous replication stress, resulting in decreased cell survival and exacerbated genomic instability. These effects occur because prelamin A promotes MRE11-mediated resection of stalled replication forks. Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, which play important roles in replication fork maintenance, are downregulated by prelamin A in a retinoblastoma (RB)/E2F-dependent manner. Additionally, prelamin A inhibits the activation of the FA pathway upon replication stress. More importantly, FA pathway downregulation is an upstream event of p53-p21 axis activation during the induction of prelamin A expression. Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of FA pathway dysfunction in driving replication stress-induced genomic instability and cellular senescence in prelamin A-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Nie
- Department of GastroenterologyHubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal DiseaseMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of PediatricsShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518038China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyHubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal DiseaseMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Fengyi Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyHubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal DiseaseMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyHubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal DiseaseMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryShenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical Innovation Technology Transformation Center of Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbiology in Genomic Modification & Editing and ApplicationGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital TumorsShenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518035China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyHubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal DiseaseMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of PediatricsShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518038China
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Alshaalan KS, Albawardi TK, Zhra M, Bin Sulaiman N, Jnied OY, Saleem RA, Aljada A. Differential Expression of LMNA/C and Insulin Receptor Transcript Variants in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Leukemia Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2568. [PMID: 38731097 PMCID: PMC11084221 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent research has identified alternative transcript variants of LMNA/C (LMNA, LMNC, LMNAΔ10, and LMNAΔ50) and insulin receptors (INSRs) as potential biomarkers for various types of cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of LMNA/C and INSR transcript variants in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of leukemia patients to investigate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: Quantitative TaqMan reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized to quantify the mRNA levels of LMNA/C (LMNA, LMNC, LMNAΔ10, and LMNAΔ50) as well as INSR (IR-A and IR-B) variants in PBMCs obtained from healthy individuals (n = 32) and patients diagnosed with primary leukemias (acute myeloid leukemia (AML): n = 17; acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): n = 8; chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): n = 5; and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): n = 15). Results: Only LMNA and LMNC transcripts were notably present in PBMCs. Both exhibited significantly decreased expression levels in leukemia patients compared to the healthy control group. Particularly, the LMNC:LMNA ratio was notably higher in AML patients. Interestingly, IR-B expression was not detectable in any of the PBMC samples, precluding the calculation of the IR-A:IR-B ratio as a diagnostic marker. Despite reduced expression across all types of leukemia, IR-A levels remained detectable, indicating its potential involvement in disease progression. Conclusions: This study highlights the distinct expression patterns of LMNA/C and INSR transcript variants in PBMCs of leukemia patients. The LMNC:LMNA ratio shows promise as a potential diagnostic indicator for AML, while further research is necessary to understand the role of IR-A in leukemia pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saud Alshaalan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Khalid Albawardi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zhra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.)
| | - Norah Bin Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.)
| | - Osama Yaheia Jnied
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.)
| | - Rimah Abdullah Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.)
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.)
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Lv M, Cui N, Shan B, Sun Q, Yan L, Zhang M, Zou C, Yuan J, Xu D. Defective prelamin A processing promotes unconventional necroptosis driven by nuclear RIPK1. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:567-580. [PMID: 38538837 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Defects in the prelamin A processing enzyme caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ZMPSTE24 gene are responsible for a spectrum of progeroid disorders characterized by the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A. Here we report that defective prelamin A processing triggers nuclear RIPK1-dependent signalling that leads to necroptosis and inflammation. We show that accumulated prelamin A recruits RIPK1 to the nucleus to facilitate its activation upon tumour necrosis factor stimulation in ZMPSTE24-deficient cells. Kinase-activated RIPK1 then promotes RIPK3-mediated MLKL activation in the nucleus, leading to nuclear envelope disruption and necroptosis. This signalling relies on prelamin A farnesylation, which anchors prelamin A to nuclear envelope to serve as a nucleation platform for necroptosis. Genetic inactivation of necroptosis ameliorates the progeroid phenotypes in Zmpste24-/- mice. Our findings identify an unconventional nuclear necroptosis pathway resulting from ZMPSTE24 deficiency with pathogenic consequences in progeroid disorder and suggest RIPK1 as a feasible target for prelamin A-associated progeroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Cui
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Yan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Zou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Brown SJ, Šoltić D, Synowsky SA, Shirran SL, Chilcott E, Shorrock HK, Gillingwater TH, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Schneider B, Bowerman M, Fuller HR. AAV9-mediated SMN gene therapy rescues cardiac desmin but not lamin A/C and elastin dysregulation in Smn2B/- spinal muscular atrophy mice. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2950-2965. [PMID: 37498175 PMCID: PMC10549791 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural, functional and molecular cardiac defects have been reported in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients and mouse models. Previous quantitative proteomics analyses demonstrated widespread molecular defects in the severe Taiwanese SMA mouse model. Whether such changes are conserved across different mouse models, including less severe forms of the disease, has yet to be established. Here, using the same high-resolution proteomics approach in the less-severe Smn2B/- SMA mouse model, 277 proteins were found to be differentially abundant at a symptomatic timepoint (post-natal day (P) 18), 50 of which were similarly dysregulated in severe Taiwanese SMA mice. Bioinformatics analysis linked many of the differentially abundant proteins to cardiovascular development and function, with intermediate filaments highlighted as an enriched cellular compartment in both datasets. Lamin A/C was increased in the cardiac tissue, whereas another intermediate filament protein, desmin, was reduced. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, elastin, was also robustly decreased in the heart of Smn2B/- mice. AAV9-SMN1-mediated gene therapy rectified low levels of survival motor neuron protein and restored desmin levels in heart tissues of Smn2B/- mice. In contrast, AAV9-SMN1 therapy failed to correct lamin A/C or elastin levels. Intermediate filament proteins and the ECM have key roles in cardiac function and their dysregulation may explain cardiac impairment in SMA, especially since mutations in genes encoding these proteins cause other diseases with cardiac aberration. Cardiac pathology may need to be considered in the long-term care of SMA patients, as it is unclear whether currently available treatments can fully rescue peripheral pathology in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Darija Šoltić
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Silvia A Synowsky
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally L Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ellie Chilcott
- AGCTlab.org, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hannah K Shorrock
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
- AGCTlab.org, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Bernard Schneider
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
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5
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Kim BH, Chung YH, Woo TG, Kang SM, Park S, Park BJ. Progerin, an Aberrant Spliced Form of Lamin A, Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for HGPS. Cells 2023; 12:2299. [PMID: 37759521 PMCID: PMC10527460 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder caused by the mutant protein progerin, which is expressed by the abnormal splicing of the LMNA gene. HGPS affects systemic levels, with the exception of cognition or brain development, in children, showing that cellular aging can occur in the short term. Studying progeria could be useful in unraveling the causes of human aging (as well as fatal age-related disorders). Elucidating the clear cause of HGPS or the development of a therapeutic medicine could improve the quality of life and extend the survival of patients. This review aimed to (i) briefly describe how progerin was discovered as the causative agent of HGPS, (ii) elucidate the puzzling observation of the absence of primary neurological disease in HGPS, (iii) present several studies showing the deleterious effects of progerin and the beneficial effects of its inhibition, and (iv) summarize research to develop a therapy for HGPS and introduce clinical trials for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bae-Hoon Kim
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - Yeon-Ho Chung
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46231, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46231, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (T.-G.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46231, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
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Pande S, Ghosh DK. Nuclear proteostasis imbalance in laminopathy-associated premature aging diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23116. [PMID: 37498235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300878r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes such as premature aging, cardiomyopathy, lipodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, microcephaly, epilepsy, and so on. The cellular phenomena associated with laminopathy invariably show disruption of nucleoskeleton of lamina due to deregulated expression, localization, function, and interaction of mutant lamin proteins. Impaired spatial and temporal tethering of lamin proteins to the lamina or nucleoplasmic aggregation of lamins are the primary molecular events that can trigger nuclear proteotoxicity by modulating differential protein-protein interactions, sequestering quality control proteins, and initiating a cascade of abnormal post-translational modifications. Clearly, laminopathic cells exhibit moderate to high nuclear proteotoxicity, raising the question of whether an imbalance in nuclear proteostasis is involved in laminopathic diseases, particularly in diseases of early aging such as HGPS and laminopathy-associated premature aging. Here, we review nuclear proteostasis and its deregulation in the context of lamin proteins and laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Ghosh
- Enteric Disease Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Abstract
Senescence is a complex cell state characterized by stable cell cycle arrest and a unique secretory pattern known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP factors, which are heterogeneous and tissue specific, normally include chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and lipid components that can lead to multiple age-associated disorders by eliciting local and systemic consequences. The skeleton is a highly dynamic organ that changes constantly in shape and composition. Senescent cells in bone and bone marrow produce diverse SASP factors that induce alterations of the skeleton through paracrine effects. Herein, we refer to bone cell-associated SASP as "bone-SASP." In this review, we describe current knowledge of cellular senescence and SASP, focusing on the role of senescent cells in mediating bone pathologies during natural aging and premature aging syndromes. We also summarize the role of cellular senescence and the bone-SASP in glucocorticoids-induced bone damage. In addition, we discuss the role of bone-SASP in the development of osteoarthritis, highlighting the mechanisms by which bone-SASP drives subchondral bone changes in metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lien Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 209, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Primmer SR, Liao CY, Kummert OMP, Kennedy BK. Lamin A to Z in normal aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8150-8166. [PMID: 36260869 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Almost since the discovery that mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear structure components lamin A and C, lead to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, people have speculated that lamins may have a role in normal aging. The most common HPGS mutation creates a splice variant of lamin A, progerin, which promotes accelerated aging pathology. While some evidence exists that progerin accumulates with normal aging, an increasing body of work indicates that prelamin A, a precursor of lamin A prior to C-terminal proteolytic processing, accumulates with age and may be a driver of normal aging. Prelamin A shares properties with progerin and is also linked to a rare progeroid disease, restrictive dermopathy. Here, we describe mechanisms underlying changes in prelamin A with aging and lay out the case that this unprocessed protein impacts normative aging. This is important since intervention strategies can be developed to modify this pathway as a means to extend healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Abolishing the prelamin A ZMPSTE24 cleavage site leads to progeroid phenotypes with near-normal longevity in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118695119. [PMID: 35197292 PMCID: PMC8892526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118695119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 removes the last 15 amino acids of prelamin A, including a farnesylated cysteine, to produce mature lamin A. The premature aging disorder Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by a permanently farnesylated prelamin A variant lacking the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site. ZMPSTE24 loss of function leads to the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A and causes progeroid disorders. Some studies have implicated prelamin A in physiological aging. We describe mice with an amino acid substitution in prelamin A that blocks the ZMPSTE24-catalyzed cleavage. These mice develop progeroid phenotypes but, in contrast to those modeling Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome or ZMPSTE24 deficiency, have near-normal lifespans, thus providing a model to study the effects of farnesylated prelamin A during aging. Prelamin A is a farnesylated precursor of lamin A, a nuclear lamina protein. Accumulation of the farnesylated prelamin A variant progerin, with an internal deletion including its processing site, causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. Loss-of-function mutations in ZMPSTE24, which encodes the prelamin A processing enzyme, lead to accumulation of full-length farnesylated prelamin A and cause related progeroid disorders. Some data suggest that prelamin A also accumulates with physiological aging. Zmpste24−/− mice die young, at ∼20 wk. Because ZMPSTE24 has functions in addition to prelamin A processing, we generated a mouse model to examine effects solely due to the presence of permanently farnesylated prelamin A. These mice have an L648R amino acid substitution in prelamin A that blocks ZMPSTE24-catalyzed processing to lamin A. The LmnaL648R/L648R mice express only prelamin and no mature protein. Notably, nearly all survive to 65 to 70 wk, with ∼40% of male and 75% of female LmnaL648R/L648R mice having near-normal lifespans of 90 wk (almost 2 y). Starting at ∼10 wk of age, LmnaL648R/L648R mice of both sexes have lower body masses than controls. By ∼20 to 30 wk of age, they exhibit detectable cranial, mandibular, and dental defects similar to those observed in Zmpste24−/− mice and have decreased vertebral bone density compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Cultured embryonic fibroblasts from LmnaL648R/L648R mice have aberrant nuclear morphology that is reversible by treatment with a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor. These novel mice provide a model to study the effects of farnesylated prelamin A during physiological aging.
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10
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San Martin R, Das P, Sanders JT, Hill AM, McCord RP. Transcriptional profiling of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome fibroblasts reveals deficits in mesenchymal stem cell commitment to differentiation related to early events in endochondral ossification. eLife 2022; 11:81290. [PMID: 36579892 PMCID: PMC9833827 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of a mutant Lamin A, progerin, in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome leads to alterations in genome architecture, nuclear morphology, epigenetic states, and altered phenotypes in all cells of the mesenchymal lineage. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional status of patient derived HGPS fibroblasts, including nine cell lines not previously reported, in comparison with age-matched controls, adults, and old adults. We find that Progeria fibroblasts carry abnormal transcriptional signatures, centering around several functional hubs: DNA maintenance and epigenetics, bone development and homeostasis, blood vessel maturation and development, fat deposition and lipid management, and processes related to muscle growth. Stratification of patients by age revealed misregulated expression of genes related to endochondral ossification and chondrogenic commitment in children aged 4-7 years old, where this differentiation program starts in earnest. Hi-C measurements on patient fibroblasts show weakening of genome compartmentalization strength but increases in TAD strength. While the majority of gene misregulation occurs in regions which do not change spatial chromosome organization, some expression changes in key mesenchymal lineage genes coincide with lamin associated domain misregulation and shifts in genome compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca San Martin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at KnoxvilleKnoxvilleUnited States
| | - Priyojit Das
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee at KnoxvilleKnoxvilleUnited States
| | - Jacob T Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at KnoxvilleKnoxvilleUnited States,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Ashtyn M Hill
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at KnoxvilleKnoxvilleUnited States
| | - Rachel Patton McCord
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at KnoxvilleKnoxvilleUnited States
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Wong X, Hoskins VE, Melendez-Perez AJ, Harr JC, Gordon M, Reddy KL. Lamin C is required to establish genome organization after mitosis. Genome Biol 2021; 22:305. [PMID: 34775987 PMCID: PMC8591896 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamic 3D organization of the genome is central to gene regulation and development. The nuclear lamina influences genome organization through the tethering of lamina-associated domains (LADs) to the nuclear periphery. Evidence suggests that lamins A and C are the predominant lamins involved in the peripheral association of LADs, potentially serving different roles. RESULTS Here, we examine chromosome architecture in mouse cells in which lamin A or lamin C are downregulated. We find that lamin C, and not lamin A, is required for the 3D organization of LADs and overall chromosome organization. Striking differences in localization are present as cells exit mitosis and persist through early G1 and are linked to differential phosphorylation. Whereas lamin A associates with the nascent nuclear envelope (NE) during telophase, lamin C remains in the interior, surrounding globular LAD aggregates enriched on euchromatic regions. Lamin C association with the NE is delayed until several hours into G1 and correlates temporally and spatially with the post-mitotic NE association of LADs. Post-mitotic LAD association with the NE, and global 3D genome organization, is perturbed only in cells depleted of lamin C, and not lamin A. CONCLUSIONS Lamin C regulates LAD dynamics during exit from mitosis and is a key regulator of genome organization in mammalian cells. This reveals an unexpectedly central role for lamin C in genome organization, including inter-chromosomal LAD-LAD segregation and LAD scaffolding at the NE, raising intriguing questions about the individual and overlapping roles of lamin A/C in cellular function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Wong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Current Address: Laboratory of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Victoria E Hoskins
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ashley J Melendez-Perez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer C Harr
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, 78228, USA
| | - Molly Gordon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Karen L Reddy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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12
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Marcos-Ramiro B, Gil-Ordóñez A, Marín-Ramos NI, Ortega-Nogales FJ, Balabasquer M, Gonzalo P, Khiar-Fernández N, Rolas L, Barkaway A, Nourshargh S, Andrés V, Martín-Fontecha M, López-Rodríguez ML, Ortega-Gutiérrez S. Isoprenylcysteine Carboxylmethyltransferase-Based Therapy for Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1300-1310. [PMID: 34471675 PMCID: PMC8393201 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, progeria) is a rare genetic disease characterized by premature aging and death in childhood for which there were no approved drugs for its treatment until last November, when lonafarnib obtained long-sought FDA approval. However, the benefits of lonafarnib in patients are limited, highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies. Here, we validate the enzyme isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) as a new therapeutic target for progeria with the development of a new series of potent inhibitors of this enzyme that exhibit an excellent antiprogeroid profile. Among them, compound UCM-13207 significantly improved the main hallmarks of progeria. Specifically, treatment of fibroblasts from progeroid mice with UCM-13207 delocalized progerin from the nuclear membrane, diminished its total protein levels, resulting in decreased DNA damage, and increased cellular viability. Importantly, these effects were also observed in patient-derived cells. Using the Lmna G609G/G609G progeroid mouse model, UCM-13207 showed an excellent in vivo efficacy by increasing body weight, enhancing grip strength, extending lifespan by 20%, and decreasing tissue senescence in multiple organs. Furthermore, UCM-13207 treatment led to an improvement of key cardiovascular hallmarks such as reduced progerin levels in aortic and endocardial tissue and increased number of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The beneficial effects go well beyond the effects induced by other therapeutic strategies previously reported in the field, thus supporting the use of UCM-13207 as a new treatment for progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Marcos-Ramiro
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gil-Ordóñez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore I. Marín-Ramos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- CEI
Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM and CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ortega-Nogales
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés Balabasquer
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Vascular
Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de
Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
(CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Khiar-Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loïc Rolas
- Centre
for Microvascular Research, William Harvey
Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Barkaway
- Centre
for Microvascular Research, William Harvey
Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre
for Microvascular Research, William Harvey
Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Vascular
Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de
Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
(CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Martín-Fontecha
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L. López-Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Miyamoto K, Harata M. Nucleoskeleton proteins for nuclear dynamics. J Biochem 2021; 169:237-241. [PMID: 33479767 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic nucleus shows organized structures of chromosomes, transcriptional components and their associated proteins. It has been believed that such a dense nuclear environment prevents the formation of a cytoskeleton-like network of protein filaments. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the cell nucleus also possesses structural filamentous components to support nuclear organization and compartments, which are referred to as nucleoskeleton proteins. Nucleoskeleton proteins including lamins and actin influence nuclear dynamics including transcriptional regulation, chromatin organization and DNA damage responses. Furthermore, these nucleoskeleton proteins play a pivotal role in cellular differentiation and animal development. In this commentary, we discuss how nucleoskeleton-based regulatory mechanisms orchestrate nuclear dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa-shi, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Masahiko Harata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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14
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Rahman MM, Ferdous KS, Ahmed M, Islam MT, Khan MR, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Uddin MS. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: An Overview of the Molecular Mechanism, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approach. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:216-229. [PMID: 33655857 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210303100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structure. Mutation in the lamin A/C leads to a group of inherited disorders is known as laminopathies. In the human body, there are several mutations in the LMNA gene that have been identified. It can affect diverse organs or tissues or can be systemic, causing different diseases. In this review, we mainly focused on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). HGPS is an immensely uncommon, deadly, metameric ill-timed laminopathies caused by the abnormal splicing of the LMNA gene and production of an aberrant protein known as progerin. Here, we also presented the currently available data on the molecular mechanism, pathophysiology, available treatment, and future approaches to this deadly disease. Due to the production of progerin, an abnormal protein leads to an abnormality in nuclear structure, defects in DNA repair, shortening of telomere, and impairment in gene regulation which ultimately results in aging in the early stage of life. Now some treatment options are available for this disease, but a proper understanding of the molecular mechanism of this disease will help to develop a more appropriate treatment which makes it an emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Sayma Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Robin Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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15
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Takahashi Y, Hiratsuka S, Machida N, Takahashi D, Matsushita J, Hozak P, Misteli T, Miyamoto K, Harata M. Impairment of nuclear F-actin formation and its relevance to cellular phenotypes in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nucleus 2021; 11:250-263. [PMID: 32954953 PMCID: PMC7529414 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1815395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disorder caused by a mutation of lamin A, which contributes to nuclear architecture and the spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus. The expression of a lamin A mutant, named progerin, leads to functional and structural disruption of nuclear organization. Since progerin lacks a part of the actin-binding site of lamin A, we hypothesized that nuclear actin dynamics and function are altered in HGPS cells. Nuclear F-actin is required for the organization of nuclear shape, transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here we show that the expression of progerin decreases nuclear F-actin and impairs F-actin-regulated transcription. When nuclear F-actin levels are increased by overexpression of nuclear-targeted actin or by using jasplakinolide, a compound that stabilizes F-actin, the irregularity of nuclear shape and defects in gene expression can be reversed. These observations provide evidence for a novel relationship between nuclear actin and the etiology of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Shogo Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Nanako Machida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Junpei Matsushita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Pavel Hozak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University , Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Harata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
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16
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Alavi MV. OMA1-An integral membrane protease? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140558. [PMID: 33130089 PMCID: PMC7770061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OMA1 is a mitochondrial protease. Among its substrates are DELE1, a signaling peptide, which can elicit the integrated stress response, as well as the membrane-shaping dynamin-related GTPase OPA1, which can drive mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. OMA1 is dormant under physiological conditions but rapidly activated upon mitochondrial stress, such as loss of membrane potential or excessive reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, OMA1 was found to be activated in a number of disease conditions, including cancer and neurodegeneration. OMA1 has a predicted transmembrane domain and is believed to be tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane. Yet, its structure has not been resolved and its context-dependent regulation remains obscure. Here, I review the literature with focus on OMA1's biochemistry. I provide a good homology model of OMA1's active site with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.9 Å and a DALI Z-score of 19.8. And I build a case for OMA1 actually being an integral membrane protease based on OMA1's role in the generation of small signaling peptides, its functional overlap with PARL, and OMA1's homology with ZMPSTE24. The refined understanding of this important enzyme can help with the design of tool compounds and development of chemical probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel V Alavi
- 712 North Inc., QB3 Incubator at UC Berkeley, 130 Stanley Hall, #3220, Berkeley CA-94720, USA.
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17
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Cellular stress signaling activates type-I IFN response through FOXO3-regulated lamin posttranslational modification. Nat Commun 2021; 12:640. [PMID: 33510167 PMCID: PMC7843645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist over the lifespan while encountering constant challenges from age or injury related brain environmental changes like elevated oxidative stress. But how oxidative stress regulates NSPC and its neurogenic differentiation is less clear. Here we report that acutely elevated cellular oxidative stress in NSPCs modulates neurogenic differentiation through induction of Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3)-mediated cGAS/STING and type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. We show that oxidative stress activates FOXO3 and its transcriptional target glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) whose upregulation triggers depletion of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key co-substrate involved in methyl group transfer reactions. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that reduced intracellular SAM availability disrupts carboxymethylation and maturation of nuclear lamin, which induce cytosolic release of chromatin fragments and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING-IFN-I cascade to suppress neurogenic differentiation. Together, our findings suggest the FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signaling cascade as a critical stress response program that regulates long-term regenerative potential. Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) encounter constant stresses during aging, such as elevated oxidative stress. Here the authors show that oxidative stress induced reduction in NSPC neural differentiation is mediated by a FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signalling cascade initiated by FOXO3 oxidation.
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18
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Using nuclear envelope mutations to explore age-related skeletal muscle weakness. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2177-2187. [PMID: 32844998 PMCID: PMC7450176 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness is an important determinant of age-related declines in independence and quality of life but its causes remain unclear. Accelerated ageing syndromes such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progerin Syndrome, caused by mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins, have been extensively studied to aid our understanding of the normal biological ageing process. Like several other pathologies associated with genetic defects to nuclear envelope proteins including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophy, these disorders can lead to severe muscle dysfunction. Here, we first describe the structure and function of nuclear envelope proteins, and then review the mechanisms by which mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins induce premature ageing diseases and muscle pathologies. In doing so, we highlight the potential importance of such genes in processes leading to skeletal muscle weakness in old age.
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19
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Lim K, Haider A, Adams C, Sleigh A, Savage DB. Lipodistrophy: a paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:907-993. [PMID: 33356916 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies have been recognized since at least the nineteenth century and, despite their rarity, tended to attract considerable medical attention because of the severity and somewhat paradoxical nature of the associated metabolic disease that so closely mimics that of obesity. Within the last 20 yr most of the monogenic subtypes have been characterized, facilitating family genetic screening and earlier disease detection as well as providing important insights into adipocyte biology and the systemic consequences of impaired adipocyte function. Even more recently, compelling genetic studies have suggested that subtle partial lipodystrophy is likely to be a major factor in prevalent insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), justifying the longstanding interest in these disorders. This progress has also underpinned novel approaches to treatment that, in at least some patients, can be of considerable therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Babatz TD, Spear ED, Xu W, Sun OL, Nie L, Carpenter EP, Michaelis S. Site specificity determinants for prelamin A cleavage by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100165. [PMID: 33293369 PMCID: PMC7948416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The integral membrane zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is important for human health and longevity. ZMPSTE24 performs a key proteolytic step in maturation of prelamin A, the farnesylated precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. Mutations in the genes encoding either prelamin A or ZMPSTE24 that prevent cleavage cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and related progeroid disorders. ZMPSTE24 has a novel structure, with seven transmembrane spans that form a large water-filled membrane chamber whose catalytic site faces the chamber interior. Prelamin A is the only known mammalian substrate for ZMPSTE24; however, the basis of this specificity remains unclear. To define the sequence requirements for ZMPSTE24 cleavage, we mutagenized the eight residues flanking the prelamin A scissile bond (TRSY↓LLGN) to all other 19 amino acids, creating a library of 152 variants. We also replaced these eight residues with sequences derived from putative ZMPSTE24 cleavage sites from amphibian, bird, and fish prelamin A. Cleavage of prelamin A variants was assessed using an in vivo yeast assay that provides a sensitive measure of ZMPSTE24 processing efficiency. We found that residues on the C-terminal side of the cleavage site are most sensitive to changes. Consistent with other zinc metalloproteases, including thermolysin, ZMPSTE24 preferred hydrophobic residues at the P1’ position (Leu647), but in addition, showed a similar, albeit muted, pattern at P2’. Our findings begin to define a consensus sequence for ZMPSTE24 that helps to clarify how this physiologically important protease functions and may ultimately lead to identifying additional substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Babatz
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Olivia L Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Laiyin Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth P Carpenter
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA.
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21
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Sjöqvist M, Antfolk D, Suarez-Rodriguez F, Sahlgren C. From structural resilience to cell specification - Intermediate filaments as regulators of cell fate. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21182. [PMID: 33205514 PMCID: PMC7839487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001627r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades intermediate filaments (IFs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular signaling events, ascribing IFs with functions beyond the structural support they provide. The organ and developmental stage‐specific expression of IFs regulate cell differentiation within developing or remodeling tissues. Lack of IFs causes perturbed stem cell differentiation in vasculature, intestine, nervous system, and mammary gland, in transgenic mouse models. The aberrant cell fate decisions are caused by deregulation of different stem cell signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, YAP/TAZ, and TGFβ. Mutations in genes coding for IFs cause an array of different diseases, many related to stem cell dysfunction, but the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of how IFs interact with and regulate the activity, localization and function of different signaling proteins in stem cells, and how the assembly state and PTM profile of IFs may affect these processes. Identifying when, where and how IFs and cell signaling congregate, will expand our understanding of IF‐linked stem cell dysfunction during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Sjöqvist
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Freddy Suarez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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22
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Schnabel F, Kornak U, Wollnik B. Premature aging disorders: A clinical and genetic compendium. Clin Genet 2020; 99:3-28. [PMID: 32860237 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Progeroid disorders make up a heterogeneous group of very rare hereditary diseases characterized by clinical signs that often mimic physiological aging in a premature manner. Apart from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, one of the best-investigated progeroid disorders, a wide spectrum of other premature aging phenotypes exist, which differ significantly in their clinical presentation and molecular pathogenesis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches have made it feasible to determine the molecular diagnosis in the early stages of a disease. Nevertheless, a broad clinical knowledge on these disorders and their associated symptoms is still fundamental for a comprehensive patient management and for the interpretation of variants of unknown significance from NGS data sets. This review provides a detailed overview on characteristic clinical features and underlying molecular genetics of well-known as well as only recently identified premature aging disorders and also highlights novel findings towards future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schnabel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Messner M, Ghadge SK, Maurer T, Graber M, Staggl S, Christine Maier S, Pölzl G, Zaruba MM. ZMPSTE24 Is Associated with Elevated Inflammation and Progerin mRNA. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091981. [PMID: 32872320 PMCID: PMC7563344 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are important filaments forming the inner nuclear membrane. Lamin A is processed by zinc metalloproteinase (ZMPSTE24). Failure to cleave a truncated form of prelamin A—also called progerin—causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome a well-known premature aging disease. Minor levels of progerin are readily expressed in the blood of healthy individuals due to alternative splicing. Previously, we found an association of increased progerin mRNA with overweight and chronic inflammation (hs-CRP). Here, we aimed to elucidate correlations of ZMPSTE24, lamin A/C and progerin with the inflammatory marker hs-CRP. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study we analyzed blood samples from 110 heart failure patients for quantitative mRNA expression of ZMPSTE24, lamin A/C, progerin and hs-CRP protein. Spearman correlations and linear regression analyses including adjustments for age, gender and ejection fraction showed a significant positive correlation of lnprogerin with lnZMPSTE24 (n = 110; r = 0.33; p = 0.0004) and lnlamin A/C (n = 110; r = 0.82, p < 0.0001), whereas no association was observed between lnlamin A/C and lnZMPSTE24 expression. Further analyses showed a significant positive correlation of lnhs-CRP with lnZMPSTE24 (n = 110; r = 0.21; p = 0.01) and lnlamin A/C (n = 110; r = 0.24; p = 0.03). We conclude that chronic inflammation is associated with increased expression of ZMPSTE24 and lamin A/C mRNA. Both markers also positively correlate with increased expression of the premature aging marker progerin which may be linked to cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Messner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (S.K.G.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Santhosh Kumar Ghadge
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (S.K.G.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Thomas Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (S.K.G.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Michael Graber
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Simon Staggl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (S.K.G.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Sarah Christine Maier
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Gerhard Pölzl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (S.K.G.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Marc-Michael Zaruba
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (S.K.G.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0043-512-504-25621
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24
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Nuclear mechanosensing: mechanism and consequences of a nuclear rupture. Mutat Res 2020; 821:111717. [PMID: 32810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The physical connections between the cytoskeletal system and the nucleus provide a route for the nucleus to sense the mechanical stress both inside and outside of the cell. Failure to withstand such stress leads to nuclear rupture, which is observed in human diseases. In this review, we will go through the recent findings and our current understandings of nuclear rupture. Starting with the triggers of nuclear rupture, including the aberrant nuclear lamina composition and the elevated actomyosin contractility. We will also discuss the role of ESCRT-III in nuclear rupture repair and the biological consequences of nuclear rupture, including the negative impacts on cellular compartmentalization, DNA damage, and cellular differentiation. Recent studies on nuclear rupture provide further insights into the direct mechanistic link between nuclear rupture and several pathological conditions. Such knowledge can guide us in developing potential therapeutic solutions for the patients.
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25
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PCAF Involvement in Lamin A/C-HDAC2 Interplay during the Early Phase of Muscle Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071735. [PMID: 32698523 PMCID: PMC7409167 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation of muscle gene expression through dynamic interaction with chromatin domains and epigenetic enzymes. We previously showed that lamin A/C interacts with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). In this study, we deepened the relevance and regulation of lamin A/C-HDAC2 interaction in human muscle cells. We present evidence that HDAC2 binding to lamina A/C is related to HDAC2 acetylation on lysine 75 and expression of p300-CBP associated factor (PCAF), an acetyltransferase known to acetylate HDAC2. Our findings show that lamin A and farnesylated prelamin A promote PCAF recruitment to the nuclear lamina and lamin A/C binding in human myoblasts committed to myogenic differentiation, while protein interaction is decreased in differentiating myotubes. Interestingly, PCAF translocation to the nuclear envelope, as well as lamin A/C-PCAF interaction, are reduced by transient expression of lamin A mutated forms causing Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Consistent with this observation, lamin A/C interaction with both PCAF and HDAC2 is significantly reduced in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy myoblasts. Overall, these results support the view that, by recruiting PCAF and HDAC2 in a molecular platform, lamin A/C might contribute to regulate their epigenetic activity required in the early phase of muscle differentiation.
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26
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Hoa Chung L, Qi Y. Lipodystrophy - A Rare Condition with Serious Metabolic Abnormalities. Rare Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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27
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Fujihara Y, Abe T, Asawa Y, Nishizawa S, Saijo H, Hikita A, Hoshi K. Influence of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns from Chondrocytes in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1-9. [PMID: 31724485 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain stable outcomes in regenerative medicine, the quality of cells for transplantation is of great importance. Cellular stress potentially results in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activates immunological responses, affecting the outcome of transplanted tissue. In this study, we intentionally prepared necrotic chondrocytes that would gradually die and release DAMPs and investigated how the maturation of tissue-engineered cartilage was affected. Necrotic chondrocytes were prepared by a conventional heat-treatment method, by which their viability started to decrease after 24 h. When tissue-engineered cartilage containing necrotic chondrocytes was subcutaneously transplanted into C57BL/6J mice, accumulation of cartilage matrix was decreased compared to the control. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that localization of macrophages and neutrophils was more apparent in the constructs of necrotic chondrocytes, suggesting that DAMPs from necrotic chondrocytes could prompt migration of more immune cells. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry identified prelamin as a significant biomolecule released from necrotic chondrocytes. Also, when prelamin was added to a culture of RAW264, Inos and Il1b were increased in accordance with the content of added prelamin. It was suggested that DAMPs from dying chondrocytes could induce inflammatory properties in surrounding macrophages, impairing the maturation of tissue-engineered cartilage. In conclusion, maturation of tissue-engineered cartilage was hampered when less viable chondrocytes releasing DAMPs were included. Impact statement In regenerative medicine, the quality of cells is of great importance to secure clinical safety. During culture, damage of cells could occur, if not critical enough to cause immediate cell death, but still inducing a less viable status. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released from necrotic cells, but their influence in regenerative medicine has yet to be clarified. In this study, we elucidated how DAMPs from chondrocytes could affect the maturation of tissue-engineered cartilage. Also, possible DAMPs from necrotic chondrocytes were comprehensively analyzed, and prelamin was identified as a significant molecule, which may serve for detecting the existence of necrotic chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fujihara
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Asawa
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Saijo
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Bosch JA, Colbeth R, Zirin J, Perrimon N. Gene Knock-Ins in Drosophila Using Homology-Independent Insertion of Universal Donor Plasmids. Genetics 2020; 214:75-89. [PMID: 31685521 PMCID: PMC6944404 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted genomic knock-ins are a valuable tool to probe gene function. However, knock-in methods involving homology-directed repair (HDR) can be laborious. Here, we adapt the mammalian CRISPaint [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-assisted insertion tagging] homology-independent knock-in method for Drosophila melanogaster, which uses CRISPR/Cas9 and nonhomologous end joining to insert "universal" donor plasmids into the genome. Using this method in cultured S2R+ cells, we efficiently tagged four endogenous proteins with the bright fluorescent protein mNeonGreen, thereby demonstrating that an existing collection of CRISPaint universal donor plasmids is compatible with insect cells. In addition, we inserted the transgenesis marker 3xP3-red fluorescent protein into seven genes in the fly germ line, producing heritable loss-of-function alleles that were isolated by simple fluorescence screening. Unlike in cultured cells, insertions/deletions always occurred at the genomic insertion site, which prevents predictably matching the insert coding frame to the target gene. Despite this effect, we were able to isolate T2A-Gal4 insertions in four genes that serve as in vivo expression reporters. Therefore, homology-independent insertion in Drosophila is a fast and simple alternative to HDR that will enable researchers to dissect gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Bosch
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ryan Colbeth
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jonathan Zirin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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29
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Brayson D, Frustaci A, Verardo R, Chimenti C, Russo MA, Hayward R, Ahmad S, Vizcay-Barrena G, Protti A, Zammit PS, dos Remedios CG, Ehler E, Shah AM, Shanahan CM. Prelamin A mediates myocardial inflammation in dilated and HIV-associated cardiomyopathies. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126315. [PMID: 31622279 PMCID: PMC6948859 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are complex heart muscle diseases that can be inherited or acquired. Dilated cardiomyopathy can result from mutations in LMNA, encoding the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamin A/C. Some LMNA mutations lead to accumulation of the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, which is disease causing in a number of tissues, yet its impact upon the heart is unknown. Here, we discovered myocardial prelamin A accumulation occurred in a case of dilated cardiomyopathy, and we show that a potentially novel mouse model of cardiac-specific prelamin A accumulation exhibited a phenotype consistent with inflammatory cardiomyopathy, which we observed to be similar to HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, an acquired disease state. Numerous HIV protease therapies are known to inhibit ZMPSTE24, the enzyme responsible for prelamin A processing, and we confirmed that accumulation of prelamin A occurred in HIV+ patient cardiac biopsies. These findings (a) confirm a unifying pathological role for prelamin A common to genetic and acquired cardiomyopathies; (b) have implications for the management of HIV patients with cardiac disease, suggesting protease inhibitors should be replaced with alternative therapies (i.e., nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors); and (c) suggest that targeting inflammation may be a useful treatment strategy for certain forms of inherited cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brayson
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Open University San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Hayward
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Protti
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabeth Ehler
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Goblirsch BR, Pryor EE, Wiener MC. The tripartite architecture of the eukaryotic integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease Ste24. Proteins 2019; 88:604-615. [PMID: 31644822 PMCID: PMC7168092 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ste24 enzymes, a family of eukaryotic integral membrane proteins, are zinc metalloproteases (ZMPs) originally characterized as “CAAX proteases” targeting prenylated substrates, including a‐factor mating pheromone in yeast and prelamin A in humans. Recently, Ste24 was shown to also cleave nonprenylated substrates. Reduced activity of the human ortholog, HsSte24, is linked to multiple disease states (laminopathies), including progerias and lipid disorders. Ste24 possesses a unique “α‐barrel” structure consisting of seven transmembrane (TM) α‐helices encircling a large intramembranous cavity (~14 000 Å3). The catalytic zinc, coordinated via a HExxH…E/H motif characteristic of gluzincin ZMPs, is positioned at one of the cavity's bases. The interrelationship between Ste24 as a gluzincin, a long‐studied class of soluble ZMPs, and as a novel cavity‐containing integral membrane protein protease has been minimally explored to date. Informed by homology to well‐characterized soluble, gluzincin ZMPs, we develop a model of Ste24 that provides a conceptual framework for this enzyme family, suitable for development and interpretation of structure/function studies. The model consists of an interfacial, zinc‐containing “ZMP Core” module surrounded by a “ZMP Accessory” module, both capped by a TM helical “α‐barrel” module of as yet unknown function. Multiple sequence alignment of 58 Ste24 orthologs revealed 38 absolutely conserved residues, apportioned unequally among the ZMP Core (18), ZMP Accessory (13), and α‐barrel (7) modules. This Tripartite Architecture representation of Ste24 provides a unified image of this enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Goblirsch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Edward E Pryor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael C Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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31
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Duggan M, Torkzaban B, Ahooyi TM, Khalili K, Gordon J. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3131-3141. [PMID: 31556109 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates the dysregulation of unique cytosolic compartments called stress granules (SGs) might facilitate the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates that underlie many age-related neurodegenerative pathologies (ANPs). SG dynamics are particularly susceptible to the cellular conditions that are commonly induced by aging, including the elevation in reactive oxygen species and increased concentration of aggregate-prone proteins. In turn, the persistent formation of these compartments is hypothesized to serve as a seed for subsequent protein aggregation. Notably, the protein quality control (PQC) machinery responsible for inhibiting persistent SGs (e.g., Hsc70-BAG3) can become compromised with age, suggesting that the modulation of such PQC mechanisms could reliably inhibit pathological processes of ANPs. As exemplified in the context of accelerated aging syndromes (i.e., Hutchinson-Gilford progeria), PQC enhancement is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy, indicating similar techniques might be applied to ANPs. Collectively, these recent findings advance our understanding of how the processes that might facilitate protein aggregation are particularly susceptible to aging conditions, and present investigators with an opportunity to develop novel targets for ANPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Duggan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bahareh Torkzaban
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Wu J, Guan F, Luo W, Yuan Z, Chen R, Gou X, Shi X, Guo H, Fang K. Retracted
: Prelamin A overexpression promotes detrusor calcification/aging in urinary incontinence via prelamin A accumulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17800-17811. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The Primary Medicine School of Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Wei Yuan
- Department of Pathology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Rong‐Qiong Chen
- Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Xiang Guo
- Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Wei Fang
- Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming P. R. China
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33
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Spear ED, Alford RF, Babatz TD, Wood KM, Mossberg OW, Odinammadu K, Shilagardi K, Gray JJ, Michaelis S. A humanized yeast system to analyze cleavage of prelamin A by ZMPSTE24. Methods 2019; 157:47-55. [PMID: 30625386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamins A, B, and C are intermediate filament proteins that form a nuclear scaffold adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane in higher eukaryotes, providing structural support for the nucleus. In the past two decades it has become evident that the final step in the biogenesis of the mature lamin A from its precursor prelamin A by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 plays a critical role in human health. Defects in prelamin A processing by ZMPSTE24 result in premature aging disorders including Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) and related progeroid diseases. Additional evidence suggests that defects in prelamin A processing, due to diminished ZMPSTE24 expression or activity, may also drive normal physiological aging. Because of the important connection between prelamin A processing and human aging, there is increasing interest in how ZMPSTE24 specifically recognizes and cleaves its substrate prelamin A, encoded by LMNA. Here, we describe two humanized yeast systems we have recently developed to examine ZMPSTE24 processing of prelamin A. These systems differ from one another slightly. Version 1.0 is optimized to analyze ZMPSTE24 mutations, including disease alleles that may affect the function or stability of the protease. Using this system, we previously showed that some ZMPSTE24 disease alleles that affect stability can be rescued by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which may have therapeutic implications. Version 2.0 is designed to analyze LMNA mutations at or near the ZMPSTE24 processing site to assess whether they permit or impede prelamin A processing. Together these systems offer powerful methodology to study ZMPSTE24 disease alleles and to dissect the specific residues and features of the lamin A tail that are required for recognition and cleavage by the ZMPSTE24 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca F Alford
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tim D Babatz
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kaitlin M Wood
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Otto W Mossberg
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kamsi Odinammadu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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34
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Hsu ET, Vervacke JS, Distefano MD, Hrycyna CA. A Quantitative FRET Assay for the Upstream Cleavage Activity of the Integral Membrane Proteases Human ZMPSTE24 and Yeast Ste24. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2009:279-293. [PMID: 31152411 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9532-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The integral membrane protease ZMPSTE24 plays an important role in the lamin A maturation pathway. ZMPSTE24 is the only known enzyme to cleave the last 15 residues from the C-terminus of prelamin A, including a farnesylated and carboxyl methylated cysteine. Mutations in ZMPSTE24 lead to progeroid diseases with abnormal prelamin A accumulation in the nucleus. Ste24 is the yeast functional homolog of ZMPSTE24 and similarly cleaves the a-factor pheromone precursor during its posttranslational maturation. To complement established qualitative techniques used to detect the upstream enzymatic cleavage by ZMPSTE24 and Ste24, including gel-shift assays and mass spectrometry analyses, we developed an enzymatic in vitro FRET-based assay to quantitatively measure the upstream cleavage activities of these two enzymes. This assay uses either purified enzyme or enzyme in crude membrane preparations and a 33-amino acid a-factor analog peptide that is a substrate for both Ste24 and ZMPSTE24. This peptide contains a fluorophore (2-aminobenzoic acid-Abz) at its N-terminus and a quencher moiety (dinitrophenol-DNP) positioned four residues downstream from the cleavage site. Upon cleavage, a fluorescent signal is generated in real time at 420 nm that is proportional to cleavage of the peptide and these kinetic data are used to quantify activity. This assay should provide a useful tool for kinetic analysis and for studying the catalytic mechanism of both ZMPSTE24 and Ste24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erh-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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35
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Abstract
A critical hallmark of aging is cellular senescence, a state of growth arrest and inflammatory cytokine release in cells, caused by a variety of stresses. Recent work has convincingly linked the accumulation of senescent cells in aged tissues to a decline in health and a limit of lifespan, primarily through "inflammaging". Importantly, interventions that clear senescent cells have achieved marked improvements in healthspan and lifespan in mice. A growing list of studies show that environmental stimuli can affect aging and longevity through conserved pathways which, in turn, modulate chromatin states. This review consolidates key findings of chromatin state changes in senescence including histone modifications, histone variants, DNA methylation and changes in three-dimensional genome organization. This information will facilitate the identification of mechanisms and discovery of potential epigenetic targets for therapeutic interventions in aging and age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Functional Epigenomics Unit, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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36
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Choi JY, Lai JK, Xiong ZM, Ren M, Moorer MC, Stains JP, Cao K. Diminished Canonical β-Catenin Signaling During Osteoblast Differentiation Contributes to Osteopenia in Progeria. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:2059-2070. [PMID: 30001457 PMCID: PMC7739562 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) have low bone mass and an atypical skeletal geometry that manifests in a high risk of fractures. Using both in vitro and in vivo models of HGPS, we demonstrate that defects in the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, seemingly at the level of the efficiency of nuclear import of β-catenin, impair osteoblast differentiation and that restoring β-catenin activity rescues osteoblast differentiation and significantly improves bone mass. Specifically, we show that HGPS patient-derived iPSCs display defects in osteoblast differentiation, characterized by a decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralizing capacity. We demonstrate that the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, a major signaling cascade involved in skeletal homeostasis, is impaired by progerin, causing a reduction in the active β-catenin in the nucleus and thus decreased transcriptional activity, and its reciprocal cytoplasmic accumulation. Blocking farnesylation of progerin restores active β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus, increasing signaling, and ameliorates the defective osteogenesis. Moreover, in vivo analysis of the Zmpste24-/- HGPS mouse model demonstrates that treatment with a sclerostin-neutralizing antibody (SclAb), which targets an antagonist of canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, fully rescues the low bone mass phenotype to wild-type levels. Together, this study reveals that the β-catenin signaling cascade is a therapeutic target for restoring defective skeletal microarchitecture in HGPS. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jim K Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Zheng-Mei Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
| | - Margaret Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
| | - Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
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Spear ED, Hsu ET, Nie L, Carpenter EP, Hrycyna CA, Michaelis S. ZMPSTE24 missense mutations that cause progeroid diseases decrease prelamin A cleavage activity and/or protein stability. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033670. [PMID: 29794150 PMCID: PMC6078402 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is an integral membrane protein crucial for the final step in the biogenesis of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A, encoded by LMNA. After farnesylation and carboxyl methylation of its C-terminal CAAX motif, the lamin A precursor (prelamin A) undergoes proteolytic removal of its modified C-terminal 15 amino acids by ZMPSTE24. Mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 that impede this prelamin A cleavage step cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), and the related progeroid disorders mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MAD-B) and restrictive dermopathy (RD). Here, we report the development of a ‘humanized yeast system’ to assay ZMPSTE24-dependent cleavage of prelamin A and examine the eight known disease-associated ZMPSTE24 missense mutations. All mutations show diminished prelamin A processing and fall into three classes, with defects in activity, protein stability or both. Notably, some ZMPSTE24 mutants can be rescued by deleting the E3 ubiquitin ligase Doa10, involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of misfolded membrane proteins, or by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. This finding may have important therapeutic implications for some patients. We also show that ZMPSTE24-mediated prelamin A cleavage can be uncoupled from the recently discovered role of ZMPSTE24 in clearance of ER membrane translocon-clogged substrates. Together with the crystal structure of ZMPSTE24, this humanized yeast system can guide structure-function studies to uncover mechanisms of prelamin A cleavage, translocon unclogging, and membrane protein folding and stability. Summary: The zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 performs the final step of prelamin A processing. Here, a yeast-based system shows differences in protein stability and activity for alleles of ZMPSTE24 that cause progeria disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erh-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Laiyin Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Perovanovic J, Hoffman EP. Mechanisms of allelic and clinical heterogeneity of lamin A/C phenotypes. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:694-704. [PMID: 29750601 PMCID: PMC6335092 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene cause a broad range of clinical syndromes that show tissue-restricted abnormalities of post mitotic tissues, such as muscle, nerve, heart, and adipose tissue. Mutations in other nuclear envelope proteins cause clinically overlapping disorders. The majority of mutations are dominant single amino acid changes (toxic protein produced by the single mutant gene), and patients are heterozygous with both normal and abnormal proteins. Experimental support has been provided for different models of cellular pathogenesis in nuclear envelope diseases, including changes in heterochromatin formation at the nuclear membrane (epigenomics), changes in the timing of steps during terminal differentiation of cells, and structural abnormalities of the nuclear membrane. These models are not mutually exclusive and may be important in different cells at different times of development. Recent experiments using fusion proteins of normal and mutant lamin A/C proteins fused to a bacterial adenine methyltransferase (DamID) provided compelling evidence of mutation-specific perturbation of epigenomic imprinting during terminal differentiation. These gain-of-function properties include lineage-specific ineffective genomic silencing during exit from the cell cycle (heterochromatinization), as well as promiscuous initiation of silencing at incorrect places in the genome. To date, these findings have been limited to a few muscular dystrophy and lipodystrophy LMNA mutations but seem shared with a distinct nuclear envelope disease, emerin-deficient muscular dystrophy. The dominant-negative structural model and gain-of-function epigenomic models for distinct LMNA mutations are not mutually exclusive, and it is likely that both models contribute to aspects of the many complex clinical phenotypes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Perovanovic
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York , Binghamton New York
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Cho S, Abbas A, Irianto J, Ivanovska IL, Xia Y, Tewari M, Discher DE. Progerin phosphorylation in interphase is lower and less mechanosensitive than lamin-A,C in iPS-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Nucleus 2018; 9:230-245. [PMID: 29619860 PMCID: PMC5973135 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1460185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interphase phosphorylation of lamin-A,C depends dynamically on a cell's microenvironment, including the stiffness of extracellular matrix. However, phosphorylation dynamics is poorly understood for diseased forms such as progerin, a permanently farnesylated mutant of LMNA that accelerates aging of stiff and mechanically stressed tissues. Here, fine-excision alignment mass spectrometry (FEA-MS) is developed to quantify progerin and its phosphorylation levels in patient iPS cells differentiated to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The stoichiometry of total A-type lamins (including progerin) versus B-type lamins measured for Progeria iPS-MSCs prove similar to that of normal MSCs, with total A-type lamins more abundant than B-type lamins. However, progerin behaves more like farnesylated B-type lamins in mechanically-induced segregation from nuclear blebs. Phosphorylation of progerin at multiple sites in iPS-MSCs cultured on rigid plastic is also lower than that of normal lamin-A and C. Reduction of nuclear tension upon i) cell rounding/detachment from plastic, ii) culture on soft gels, and iii) inhibition of actomyosin stress increases phosphorylation and degradation of lamin-C > lamin-A > progerin. Such mechano-sensitivity diminishes, however, with passage as progerin and DNA damage accumulate. Lastly, transcription-regulating retinoids exert equal effects on both diseased and normal A-type lamins, suggesting a differential mechano-responsiveness might best explain the stiff tissue defects in Progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyun Cho
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amal Abbas
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manu Tewari
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Dennis E. Discher , University of Pennsylvania, 129 Towne Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Autophagic Removal of Farnesylated Carboxy-Terminal Lamin Peptides. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040033. [PMID: 29690642 PMCID: PMC5946110 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian nuclear lamina proteins—prelamin A- and B-type lamins—are post-translationally modified by farnesylation, endoproteolysis, and carboxymethylation at a carboxy-terminal CAAX (C, cysteine; a, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) motif. However, prelamin A processing into mature lamin A is a unique process because it results in the production of farnesylated and carboxymethylated peptides. In cells from patients with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, the mutant prelamin A protein, progerin, cannot release its prenylated carboxyl-terminal moiety and therefore remains permanently associated with the nuclear envelope (NE), causing severe nuclear alterations and a dysmorphic morphology. To obtain a better understanding of the abnormal interaction and retention of progerin in the NE, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of the EGFP fusion proteins with or without a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a functional CAAX motif in HeLa cells transfected with a series of plasmids that encode the carboxy-terminal ends of progerin and prelamin A. The farnesylated carboxy-terminal fusion peptides bind to the NE and induce the formation of abnormally shaped nuclei. In contrast, the unfarnesylated counterparts exhibit a diffuse localization in the nucleoplasm, without obvious NE deformation. High levels of farnesylated prelamin A and progerin carboxy-terminal peptides induce nucleophagic degradation of the toxic protein, including several nuclear components and chromatin. However, SUN1, a constituent of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, is excluded from these autophagic NE protrusions. Thus, nucleophagy requires NE flexibility, as indicated by SUN1 delocalization from the elongated NE–autophagosome complex.
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The UPR mt Protects Caenorhabditis elegans from Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Upregulating Specific Enzymes of the Mevalonate Pathway. Genetics 2018; 209:457-473. [PMID: 29599115 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is the primary target of the cholesterol-lowering drugs statins, some of the most widely prescribed medicines of all time. The pathway's enzymes not only catalyze the synthesis of cholesterol but also of diverse metabolites such as mitochondrial electron carriers and isoprenyls. Recently, it has been shown that one type of mitochondrial stress response, the UPRmt, can protect yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and cultured human cells from the deleterious effects of mevalonate pathway inhibition by statins. The mechanistic basis for this protection, however, remains unknown. Using C. elegans, we found that the UPRmt does not directly affect the levels of the statin target HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway in mammals. Instead, in C. elegans the UPRmt upregulates the first dedicated enzyme of the pathway, HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS-1). A targeted RNA interference (RNAi) screen identified two UPRmt transcription factors, ATFS-1 and DVE-1, as regulators of HMGS-1 A comprehensive analysis of the pathway's enzymes found that, in addition to HMGS-1, the UPRmt upregulates enzymes involved with the biosynthesis of electron carriers and geranylgeranylation intermediates. Geranylgeranylation, in turn, is requisite for the full execution of the UPRmt 3response. Thus, the UPRmt acts in at least three coordinated, compensatory arms to upregulate specific branches of the mevalonate pathway, thereby alleviating mitochondrial stress. We propose that statin-mediated inhibition of the mevalonate pathway blocks this compensatory system of the UPRmt and consequentially impedes mitochondrial homeostasis. This effect is likely one of the principal bases for the adverse side effects of statins.
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Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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43
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Kubben N, Misteli T. Shared molecular and cellular mechanisms of premature ageing and ageing-associated diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:595-609. [PMID: 28792007 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is the predominant risk factor for many common diseases. Human premature ageing diseases are powerful model systems to identify and characterize cellular mechanisms that underpin physiological ageing. Their study also leads to a better understanding of the causes, drivers and potential therapeutic strategies of common diseases associated with ageing, including neurological disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Using the rare premature ageing disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome as a paradigm, we discuss here the shared mechanisms between premature ageing and ageing-associated diseases, including defects in genetic, epigenetic and metabolic pathways; mitochondrial and protein homeostasis; cell cycle; and stem cell-regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nard Kubben
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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44
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Wang X, Zabell A, Koh W, Tang WHW. Lamin A/C Cardiomyopathies: Current Understanding and Novel Treatment Strategies. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2017; 19:21. [PMID: 28299614 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-017-0520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third leading cause of heart failure in the USA. A major gene associated with DCM with cardiac conduction system disease is lamin A/C (LMNA) gene. Lamins are type V filaments that serve a variety of roles, including nuclear structure support, DNA repair, cell signaling pathway mediation, and chromatin organization. In 1999, LMNA was found responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and, since then, has been found in association with a wide spectrum of diseases termed laminopathies, including LMNA cardiomyopathy. Patients with LMNA mutations have a poor prognosis and a higher risk for sudden cardiac death, along with other cardiac effects like dysrhythmias, development of congestive heart failure, and potential need of a pacemaker or ICD. As of now, there is no specific treatment for laminopathies, including LMNA cardiomyopathy, because the mechanism of LMNA mutations in humans is still unclear. This review discusses LMNA mutations and how they relate to DCM, the necessity for further investigation to better understand LMNA mutations, and potential treatment options ranging from clinical and therapeutic to cellular and molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allyson Zabell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wonshill Koh
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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45
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Lau HY, Tang J, Casey PJ, Wang M. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase is critical for malignant transformation and tumor maintenance by all RAS isoforms. Oncogene 2017; 36:3934-3942. [PMID: 28192404 PMCID: PMC5502315 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive effort, there has been limited progress in the development of direct RAS inhibitors. Targeting isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT), a unique enzyme of RAS post-translational modification, represents a promising strategy to inhibit RAS function. However, there lacks direct genetic evidence on the role of ICMT in RAS-driven human cancer initiation and maintenance. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we have created Icmt loss-of-function isogenic cell lines for both RAS-transformed human mammary epithelial cells (HME1) and human cancer cell lines MiaPaca-2 and MDA-MB-231 containing naturally occurring mutant KRAS. In both in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis studies, Icmt loss-of-function abolishes the tumor initiation ability of all major isoforms of mutant RAS in HME1 cells, and the tumor maintenance capacity of MiaPaca-2 and MDA-MB-231 cells, establishing the critical role of ICMT in RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Lau
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - J Tang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - P J Casey
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - M Wang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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46
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Yamamoto Y, Ihara M. Disruption of transforming growth factor-β superfamily signaling: A shared mechanism underlying hereditary cerebral small vessel disease. Neurochem Int 2016; 107:211-218. [PMID: 28034724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is not only one of the leading causes of cognitive impairment but also an important contributory factor in Alzheimer's disease. SVD and related white matter changes are common in the elderly, but the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The end-stage pathology of SVD often involves replacement of vascular smooth muscle cells with collagenous or other nontensile fibrillary material. Recent studies on hereditary SVD have revealed a close relationship between small vessel pathology and disruption of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling. TGF-β superfamily members, such as TGF-β and bone morphogenetic proteins, are multifunctional proteins that regulate production of extracellular matrix proteins, which in turn control the bioavailability of TGF-β superfamily members and modulate their signaling activities. This article reviews hereditary disorders with small vessel pathology and their relation to TGF-β superfamily signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yamamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
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Mehmood S, Marcoux J, Gault J, Quigley A, Michaelis S, Young SG, Carpenter EP, Robinson CV. Mass spectrometry captures off-target drug binding and provides mechanistic insights into the human metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. Nat Chem 2016; 8:1152-1158. [PMID: 27874871 PMCID: PMC5123592 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Off-target binding of hydrophobic drugs can lead to unwanted side effects, either through specific or non-specific binding to unintended membrane protein targets. However, distinguishing the binding of drugs to membrane proteins from that of detergents, lipids and cofactors is challenging. Here, we use high-resolution mass spectrometry to study the effects of HIV protease inhibitors on the human zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. This intramembrane protease plays a major role in converting prelamin A to mature lamin A. We monitored the proteolysis of farnesylated prelamin A peptide by ZMPSTE24 and unexpectedly found retention of the C-terminal peptide product with the enzyme. We also resolved binding of zinc, lipids and HIV protease inhibitors and showed that drug binding blocked prelamin A peptide cleavage and conferred stability to ZMPSTE24. Our results not only have relevance for the progeria-like side effects of certain HIV protease inhibitor drugs, but also highlight new approaches for documenting off-target drug binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Julien Marcoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Joseph Gault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Andrew Quigley
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Elisabeth P Carpenter
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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48
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Proteomic response of mouse pituitary gland under heat stress revealed active regulation of stress responsive proteins. J Therm Biol 2016; 61:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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AIM2 inflammasome is activated by pharmacological disruption of nuclear envelope integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4671-80. [PMID: 27462105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602419113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are critical sensors that convey cellular stress and pathogen presence to the immune system by activating inflammatory caspases and cytokines such as IL-1β. The nature of endogenous stress signals that activate inflammasomes remains unclear. Here we show that an inhibitor of the HIV aspartyl protease, Nelfinavir, triggers inflammasome formation and elicits an IL-1R-dependent inflammation in mice. We found that Nelfinavir impaired the maturation of lamin A, a structural component of the nuclear envelope, thereby promoting the release of DNA in the cytosol. Moreover, deficiency of the cytosolic DNA-sensor AIM2 impaired Nelfinavir-mediated inflammasome activation. These findings identify a pharmacologic activator of inflammasome and demonstrate the role of AIM2 in detecting endogenous DNA release upon perturbation of nuclear envelope integrity.
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50
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Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare premature aging disease presenting many features resembling the normal aging process. HGPS patients die before the age of 20 years due to cardiovascular problems and heart failure. HGPS is linked to mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the intermediate filament protein lamin A. Lamin A is a major component of the nuclear lamina, a scaffold structure at the nuclear envelope that defines mechanochemical properties of the nucleus and is involved in chromatin organization and epigenetic regulation. Lamin A is also present in the nuclear interior where it fulfills lamina-independent functions in cell signaling and gene regulation. The most common LMNA mutation linked to HGPS leads to mis-splicing of the LMNA mRNA and produces a mutant lamin A protein called progerin that tightly associates with the inner nuclear membrane and affects the dynamic properties of lamins. Progerin expression impairs many important cellular processes providing insight into potential disease mechanisms. These include changes in mechanosignaling, altered chromatin organization and impaired genome stability, and changes in signaling pathways, leading to impaired regulation of adult stem cells, defective extracellular matrix production and premature cell senescence. In this review, we discuss these pathways and their potential contribution to the disease pathologies as well as therapeutic approaches used in preclinical and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vidak
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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