1
|
Aguilar K, Jakubek P, Zorzano A, Wieckowski MR. Primary mitochondrial diseases: The intertwined pathophysiology of bioenergetic dysregulation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14217. [PMID: 38644687 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are rare genetic disorders resulting from mutations in genes crucial for effective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can affect mitochondrial function. In this review, we examine the bioenergetic alterations and oxidative stress observed in cellular models of primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs), shedding light on the intricate complexity between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular pathology. We explore the diverse cellular models utilized to study PMDs, including patient-derived fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cybrids. Moreover, we also emphasize the connection between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. INSIGHTS The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction due to its dependence on aerobic metabolism and the correct functioning of OXPHOS. Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases affecting the CNS, individuals with PMDs exhibit several neuroinflammatory hallmarks alongside neurodegeneration, a pattern also extensively observed in mouse models of mitochondrial diseases. Based on histopathological analysis of postmortem human brain tissue and findings in mouse models of PMDs, we posit that neuroinflammation is not merely a consequence of neurodegeneration but a potential pathogenic mechanism for disease progression that deserves further investigation. This recognition may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies for this group of devastating diseases that currently lack effective treatments. SUMMARY In summary, this review provides a comprehensive overview of bioenergetic alterations and redox imbalance in cellular models of PMDs while underscoring the significance of neuroinflammation as a potential driver in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aguilar
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrycja Jakubek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yildirim RM, Seli E. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in oocyte and early embryo development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 159-160:52-61. [PMID: 38330625 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely implicated in various human diseases, through mechanisms that go beyond mitochondria's well-established role in energy generation. These dynamic organelles exert vital control over numerous cellular processes, including calcium regulation, phospholipid synthesis, innate immunity, and apoptosis. While mitochondria's importance is acknowledged in all cell types, research has revealed the exceptionally dynamic nature of the mitochondrial network in oocytes and embryos, finely tuned to meet unique needs during gamete and pre-implantation embryo development. Within oocytes, both the quantity and morphology of mitochondria can significantly change during maturation and post-fertilization. These changes are orchestrated by fusion and fission processes (collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics), crucial for energy production, content exchange, and quality control as mitochondria adjust to the shifting energy demands of oocytes and embryos. The roles of proteins that regulate mitochondrial dynamics in reproductive processes have been primarily elucidated through targeted deletion studies in animal models. Notably, impaired mitochondrial dynamics have been linked to female reproductive health, affecting oocyte quality, fertilization, and embryo development. Dysfunctional mitochondria can lead to fertility problems and can have an impact on the success of pregnancy, particularly in older reproductive age women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Melike Yildirim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Romero Domínguez JM, Talaverón-Rey M, Reche-López D, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Romero-González A, López-Cabrera A, Oliveira MCD, Rodríguez-Sacristan A, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Polydatin and Nicotinamide Rescue the Cellular Phenotype of Mitochondrial Diseases by Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR) Activation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:598. [PMID: 38786005 PMCID: PMC11118892 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases result from mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, encoding proteins crucial for mitochondrial structure or function. Given that few disease-specific therapies are available for mitochondrial diseases, novel treatments to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction are necessary. In this work, we explored new therapeutic options in mitochondrial diseases using fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients with mutations in the GFM1 gene. This gene encodes the essential mitochondrial translation elongation factor G1 involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Due to the severe mitochondrial defect, mutant GFM1 fibroblasts cannot survive in galactose medium, making them an ideal screening model to test the effectiveness of pharmacological compounds. We found that the combination of polydatin and nicotinamide enabled the survival of mutant GFM1 fibroblasts in stress medium. We also demonstrated that polydatin and nicotinamide upregulated the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR), especially the SIRT3 pathway. Activation of mtUPR partially restored mitochondrial protein synthesis and expression, as well as improved cellular bioenergetics. Furthermore, we confirmed the positive effect of the treatment in GFM1 mutant induced neurons obtained by direct reprogramming from patient fibroblasts. Overall, we provide compelling evidence that mtUPR activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for GFM1 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - José Manuel Romero Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Juan Miguel Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alejandra López-Cabrera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Castro De Oliveira
- Neuropediatria, Neurolinkia, C. Jardín de la Isla, 8, Local 4 y 5, 41014 Sevilla, Spain;
- FEA Pediatría, Centro Universitario Hospitalar de Faro, R. Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Sacristan
- Neuropediatría, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacología, Radiología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin X, Dong Q, Fan S, Yang L, Li H, Jin Y, Laurentinah MR, Chen X, Sysa A, Fang H, Lyu J, Yu Y, Wang Y. A novel pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variant m.4344T>C in tRNA Gln causes developmental delay. J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s10038-024-01254-5. [PMID: 38730005 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA. However, the genetic spectrum of this disease is not yet complete. In this study, we identified a novel variant m.4344T>C in mitochondrial tRNAGln from a patient with developmental delay. The mutant loads of m.4344T>C were 95% and 89% in the patient's blood and oral epithelial cells, respectively. Multialignment analysis showed high evolutionary conservation of this nucleotide. TrRosettaRNA predicted that m.4344T>C variant would introduce an additional hydrogen bond and alter the conformation of the T-loop. The transmitochondrial cybrid-based study demonstrated that m.4344T>C variant impaired the steady-state level of mitochondrial tRNAGln and decreased the contents of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes I, III, and IV, resulting in defective mitochondrial respiration, elevated mitochondrial ROS production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased mitochondrial ATP levels. Altogether, this is the first report in patient carrying the m.4344T>C variant. Our data uncover the pathogenesis of the m.4344T>C variant and expand the genetic mutation spectrum of mitochondrial diseases, thus contributing to the clinical diagnosis of mitochondrial tRNAGln gene variants-associated mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanglong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mahlatsi Refiloe Laurentinah
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiandan Chen
- International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220070, Republic of Belarus
| | - Aliaksei Sysa
- International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220070, Republic of Belarus
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongguo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nithianandam V, Sarkar S, Feany MB. Pathways controlling neurotoxicity and proteostasis in mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:860-871. [PMID: 38324746 PMCID: PMC11070137 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders caused by dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are common, severe and untreatable. We recovered a number of mitochondrial genes, including electron transport chain components, in a large forward genetic screen for mutations causing age-related neurodegeneration in the context of proteostasis dysfunction. We created a model of complex I deficiency in the Drosophila retina to probe the role of protein degradation abnormalities in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Using our genetic model, we found that complex I deficiency regulates both the ubiquitin/proteasome and autophagy/lysosome arms of the proteostasis machinery. We further performed an in vivo kinome screen to uncover new and potentially druggable mechanisms contributing to complex I related neurodegeneration and proteostasis failure. Reduction of RIOK kinases and the innate immune signaling kinase pelle prevented neurodegeneration in complex I deficiency animals. Genetically targeting oxidative stress, but not RIOK1 or pelle knockdown, normalized proteostasis markers. Our findings outline distinct pathways controlling neurodegeneration and protein degradation in complex I deficiency and introduce an experimentally facile model in which to study these debilitating and currently treatment-refractory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Nithianandam
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, 5425 Wisconsin Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, 5425 Wisconsin Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
| | - Mel B Feany
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, 5425 Wisconsin Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song M, Ye L, Yan Y, Li X, Han X, Hu S, Yu M. Mitochondrial diseases and mtDNA editing. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101057. [PMID: 38292200 PMCID: PMC10825299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, and these diseases are often severe or even fatal. Mitochondrial diseases are often caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. Currently, there is no curative treatment for patients with pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations. With the rapid development of traditional gene editing technologies, such as zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases methods, there has been a search for a mitochondrial gene editing technology that can edit mutated mitochondrial DNA; however, there are still some problems hindering the application of these methods. The discovery of the DddA-derived cytosine base editor has provided hope for mitochondrial gene editing. In this paper, we will review the progress in the research on several mitochondrial gene editing technologies with the hope that this review will be useful for further research on mitochondrial gene editing technologies to optimize the treatment of mitochondrial diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Lingqun Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yongjin Yan
- Hai'an People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xinglong Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ichegiri A, Kodolikar K, Bagade V, Selukar M, Dey T. Mitochondria: A source of potential biomarkers for non-communicable diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:334-365. [PMID: 38797544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as an endosymbiont of eukaryotic cells, controls multiple cellular activities, including respiration, reactive oxygen species production, fatty acid synthesis, and death. Though the majority of functional mitochondrial proteins are translated through a nucleus-controlled process, very few of them (∼10%) are translated within mitochondria through their own machinery. Germline and somatic mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA significantly impact mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Such modifications disturbing mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, or mitophagy eventually resulted in cellular pathophysiology. In this chapter, we discussed the impact of mitochondria and its dysfunction on several non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular problems. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its outcome could be screened by currently available omics-based techniques, flow cytometry, and high-resolution imaging. Such characterization could be evaluated as potential biomarkers to assess the disease burden and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Ichegiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Kshitij Kodolikar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Vaibhavi Bagade
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Mrunal Selukar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Tuli Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamenshchyk A, Belenichev I, Oksenych V, Kamyshnyi O. Combined Pharmacological Modulation of Translational and Transcriptional Activity Signaling Pathways as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Children with Myocardial Changes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:477. [PMID: 38672493 PMCID: PMC11047929 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is the most common condition that accompanies heart development in children. Transcriptional gene expression regulating pathways play a critical role both in cardiac embryogenesis and in the pathogenesis of congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neonatal posthypoxic myocardial hypertrophy, and congenital heart diseases. This paper describes the state of cardiac gene expression and potential pharmacological modulators at different transcriptional levels. An experimental model of perinatal cardiac hypoxia showed the downregulated expression of genes responsible for cardiac muscle integrity and overexpressed genes associated with energy metabolism and apoptosis, which may provide a basis for a therapeutic approach. Current evidence suggests that RNA drugs, theaflavin, neuraminidase, proton pumps, and histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising pharmacological agents in progressive cardiac hypertrophy. The different points of application of the above drugs make combined use possible, potentiating the effects of inhibition in specific signaling pathways. The special role of N-acetyl cysteine in both the inhibition of several signaling pathways and the reduction of oxidative stress was emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Kamenshchyk
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Zaporizhzhya State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69035 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Igor Belenichev
- Department of Pharmacology, Zaporizhzhya State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69035 Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine;
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, He J, Dong F, Shou W, Feng X, Yang Y, Li C, Wang J, Li B, Xiao S. A novel mutation in GTPBP3 causes combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23 by affecting pre-mRNA splicing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27199. [PMID: 38515655 PMCID: PMC10955198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 23 (COXPD23) is a rare mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in the GTPBP3 gene. The rare incidence of the disease and the high clinical heterogeneity pose challenges in making a precise diagnosis. Investigations into the rare COXPD23 patients are of pathophysiological and etiological value. In this study, we investigated the genotype-phenotype relationship in a COXPD23 patient from a Manchu family, with GTPBP3 mutations. Methods Routine physical examinations, laboratory assays and imaging analyses were performed. The metabolic profiles of amino acids in blood, acylcarnitine in blood and organic acids in urine were used to determine the presence of inherited metabolic diseases. Genetic variations in the family were investigated using whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Splicing disruption by a mutation was predicted and verified using a minigene assay. Results The patient presented with severe lactic acidosis, neurological symptoms, multiple symmetrical lesions in the brain and serious mitochondrial energy metabolism disturbances. The c.689A > C (p.Q230P) and c.809-1_809delinsA compound heterozygous mutations were detected in GTPBP3. The novel c.809-1_809delinsA mutation was located at the splicing site of exon 7 and intron 6 and multiple tools predicted that it would disrupt the normal splicing. The minigene assay proved that the novel mutation resulted in two aberrant transcripts that created premature termination codons. Conclusions The clinical manifestations, brain imaging change, mitochondrial metabolism disturbances and the detection and validation of the GTPBP3 mutations expand the profile of COXPD23 and the pathogenic mutation spectrum. Our study improves the understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of COXPD23.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan He
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fangling Dong
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weihua Shou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cuifen Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shufang Xiao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xuan X, Ruan J, Wu C, Gao Y, Li L, Lei X. A TTC19 mutation associated with progressive movement disorders and peripheral neuropathy: Case report and systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14425. [PMID: 37927170 PMCID: PMC10948947 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial complex III (CIII) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by symptoms such as ataxia, cognitive dysfunction, and spastic paraplegia. Multiple genes are associated with complex III defects. Among them, the mutation of TTC19 is a rare subtype. METHODS We screened a Chinese boy with weakness of limbs and his non-consanguineous parents by whole exome sequencing and targeted sequencing. RESULTS We report a Chinese boy diagnosed with mitochondrial complex III defect type 2 carrying a homozygous variant (c.719-732del, p.Leu240Serfs*17) of the TTC19 gene. According to the genotype analysis of his family members, this is an autosomal recessive inheritance. We provide his clinical manifestation. CONCLUSIONS A new type of TTC19 mutation (c.719-732del, p.Leu240Serfs*17) was found, which enriched the TTC19 gene mutation spectrum and provided new data for elucidating the pathogenesis of CIII-deficient diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xuan
- Department of NeurologyHangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jie Ruan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Chunhong Wu
- Department of NeurologyHangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Yiyi Gao
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nikitchina N, Ulashchik E, Shmanai V, Heckel AM, Tarassov I, Mazunin I, Entelis N. Targeting of CRISPR-Cas12a crRNAs into human mitochondria. Biochimie 2024; 217:74-85. [PMID: 37690471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene editing holds great promise as a therapeutic approach for mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Current strategies focus on reducing mutant mtDNA heteroplasmy levels through targeted cleavage or base editing. However, the delivery of editing components into mitochondria remains a challenge. Here we investigate the import of CRISPR-Cas12a system guide RNAs (crRNAs) into human mitochondria and study the structural requirements for this process by northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from nucleases-treated mitoplasts. To investigate whether the fusion of crRNA with known RNA import determinants (MLS) improve its mitochondrial targeting, we added MLS hairpin structures at 3'-end of crRNA and demonstrated that this did not impact crRNA ability to program specific cleavage of DNA in lysate of human cells expressing AsCas12a nuclease. Surprisingly, mitochondrial localization of the fused crRNA molecules was not improved compared to non-modified version, indicating that structured scaffold domain of crRNA can probably function as MLS, assuring crRNA mitochondrial import. Then, we designed a series of crRNAs targeting different regions of mtDNA and demonstrated their ability to program specific cleavage of mtDNA fragments in cell lysate and their partial localization in mitochondrial matrix in human cells transfected with these RNA molecules. We hypothesize that mitochondrial import of crRNAs may depend on their secondary structure/sequence. We presume that imported crRNA allow reconstituting the active crRNA/Cas12a system in human mitochondria, which can contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitochondrial gene editing and potential future treatment of mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nikitchina
- UMR7156 - Molecular Genetics, Genomics, Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Egor Ulashchik
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Vadim Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Anne-Marie Heckel
- UMR7156 - Molecular Genetics, Genomics, Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ivan Tarassov
- UMR7156 - Molecular Genetics, Genomics, Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ilya Mazunin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Nina Entelis
- UMR7156 - Molecular Genetics, Genomics, Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao Y, Guo L, Wang F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhang D. Development of mitochondrial gene-editing strategies and their potential applications in mitochondrial hereditary diseases: a review. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:11-24. [PMID: 37930294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a critical genome contained within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, with many copies present in each mitochondrion. Mutations in mtDNA often are inherited and can lead to severe health problems, including various inherited diseases and premature aging. The lack of efficient repair mechanisms and the susceptibility of mtDNA to damage exacerbate the threat to human health. Heteroplasmy, the presence of different mtDNA genotypes within a single cell, increases the complexity of these diseases and requires an effective editing method for correction. Recently, gene-editing techniques, including programmable nucleases such as restriction endonuclease, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated 9 and base editors, have provided new tools for editing mtDNA in mammalian cells. Base editors are particularly promising because of their high efficiency and precision in correcting mtDNA mutations. In this review, we discuss the application of these techniques in mitochondrial gene editing and their limitations. We also explore the potential of base editors for mtDNA modification and discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with their application in mitochondrial gene editing. In conclusion, this review highlights the advancements, limitations and opportunities in current mitochondrial gene-editing technologies and approaches. Our insights aim to stimulate the development of new editing strategies that can ultimately alleviate the adverse effects of mitochondrial hereditary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dejiu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gropman AL, Uittenbogaard MN, Chiaramello AE. Challenges and opportunities to bridge translational to clinical research for personalized mitochondrial medicine. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00311. [PMID: 38266483 PMCID: PMC10903101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.e00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of rare and heterogeneous genetic diseases characterized by dysfunctional mitochondria leading to deficient adenosine triphosphate synthesis and chronic energy deficit in patients. The majority of these patients exhibit a wide range of phenotypic manifestations targeting several organ systems, making their clinical diagnosis and management challenging. Bridging translational to clinical research is crucial for improving the early diagnosis and prognosis of these intractable mitochondrial disorders and for discovering novel therapeutic drug candidates and modalities. This review provides the current state of clinical testing in mitochondrial disorders, discusses the challenges and opportunities for converting basic discoveries into clinical settings, explores the most suited patient-centric approaches to harness the extraordinary heterogeneity among patients affected by the same primary mitochondrial disorder, and describes the current outlook of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Martine N Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anne E Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang D, Teng J, Ning C, Wang W, Liu S, Zhang Q, Tang H. Mitogenome-wide association study on body measurement traits of Wenshang Barred chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3154-3161. [PMID: 36282276 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2137035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are best known for synthesizing ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is important for maintaining the function. This study was designed to reveal the effect of mtDNA on chicken body measurement traits (BMTs). A population of 605 Wenshang Barred chickens were recorded BMTs, including body slope length, keel length, chest width, etc. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of their mitogenomes were detected by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. Totally 69 mutations in mitogenome were discovered, including 18 in noncoding region and 51 in coding region. By multi-sequence alignment and haplotype construction, the chickens were clustered into eight haplotypes and further three haplogroups. The association between BMTs and mtDNA SNPs, haplotypes and haplogroups were analyzed in the linear model by ASReml, respectively. Among them, the SNP mt11086 T/C in ND3 was found to significantly affect chest dept (p < .05) and was highly conservative by phylogenetic conservation analyses, which reflected the genetic effect on body size and growth of chickens. No significant association between the mitochondrial haplotypes or haplogroups and BMTs was found. The polymorphic site reflecting body size could be put into chicken breeding programs as the genetic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jun Teng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Wu Y, Xu R, Guo J, Quan F, Zhang Y, Huang D, Pei Y, Gao H, Liu W, Liu J, Zhang Z, Deng R, Shi J, Zhang K. In vivo imaging of mitochondrial DNA mutations using an integrated nano Cas12a sensor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7722. [PMID: 38001092 PMCID: PMC10673915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) play critical roles in many human diseases. In vivo visualization of cells bearing mtDNA mutations is important for resolving the complexity of these diseases, which remains challenging. Here we develop an integrated nano Cas12a sensor (InCasor) and show its utility for efficient imaging of mtDNA mutations in live cells and tumor-bearing mouse models. We co-deliver Cas12a/crRNA, fluorophore-quencher reporters and Mg2+ into mitochondria. This process enables the activation of Cas12a's trans-cleavage by targeting mtDNA, which efficiently cleave reporters to generate fluorescent signals for robustly sensing and reporting single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in cells. Since engineered crRNA significantly increase Cas12a's sensitivity to mismatches in mtDNA, we can identify tumor tissue and metastases by visualizing cells with mutant mtDNAs in vivo using InCasor. This CRISPR imaging nanoprobe holds potential for applications in mtDNA mutation-related basic research, diagnostics and gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ru Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jialing Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fenglei Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yiran Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramsey LB, Prows CA, Tang Girdwood S, Van Driest S. Current Practices in Pharmacogenomics. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:995-1011. [PMID: 37704356 PMCID: PMC10865383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics, where genomic information is used to tailor medication management, is a strategy to maximize drug efficacy and minimize toxicity. Although pediatric evidence is less robust than for adults, medications influenced by pharmacogenomics are prescribed to children and adolescents. Evidence-based guidelines and drug label annotations are available from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB). Some pediatric health care facilities use pharmacogenomics to provide dosing recommendations to pediatricians. Herein, we use a case-based approach to illustrate the use of pharmacogenomic data in pediatric clinical care and provide resources for finding and using pharmacogenomic guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Ramsey
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 6018, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 6018, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 9016, Cincinnati, OH 45529, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Prows
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Professional Excellence, Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 6018, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sonya Tang Girdwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 9016, Cincinnati, OH 45529, USA; Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 9016, Cincinnati, OH 45529, USA; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 9016, Cincinnati, OH 45529, USA
| | - Sara Van Driest
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, 8232 DOT, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bai W, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Han T, Gu N, Zhang Y, Liang F, Ma Y, Xiong H. Case report: mitochondrial diabetes mellitus in a Chinese family due to m.3243A>G. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:777-781. [PMID: 37459161 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial diabetes mellitus is caused by dysfunctional mitochondria and is often misdiagnosed because of its various clinical manifestations. It's even rarer in children, and without a clear family history of diabetes with hearing loss, it's often difficult to diagnose. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case study of a family with maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and deafness (MIDD). The proband was an adolescent girl with diabetes with a family history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for three generations. Family members have undetected hearing impaired. The proband could not be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or T2DM. Therefore, whole exome and mitochondrial gene sequencing was performed, which identified an m.3243A>G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that we should be alert to the possibility of hereditary diabetes, especially mitochondrial diabetes in patients with atypical diabetes. A thorough physical examination is very important. What is new: (1) Mitochondrial diabetes in childhood may not be accompanied by deafness even with highly heteroplasmy levels. (2) In MIDD patients, sometimes hearing loss cannot be perceived, which requires us to conduct detailed physical examinations and related examinations. (3) The use of metformin in MIDD patients did not have adverse consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital-Mi Yun Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tianyan Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital-Mi Yun Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Furong Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Katsuda T, Cure H, Sussman J, Simeonov KP, Krapp C, Arany Z, Grompe M, Stanger BZ. Rapid in vivo multiplexed editing (RIME) of the adult mouse liver. Hepatology 2023; 78:486-502. [PMID: 36037289 PMCID: PMC11088813 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessing mammalian gene function in vivo has traditionally relied on manipulation of the mouse genome in embryonic stem cells or perizygotic embryos. These approaches are time-consuming and require extensive breeding when simultaneous mutations in multiple genes is desired. The aim of this study is to introduce a rapid in vivo multiplexed editing (RIME) method and provide proof of concept of this system. APPROACH AND RESULTS RIME, a system wherein CRISPR/caspase 9 technology, paired with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), permits the inactivation of one or more genes in the adult mouse liver. The method is quick, requiring as little as 1 month from conceptualization to knockout, and highly efficient, enabling editing in >95% of target cells. To highlight its use, we used this system to inactivate, alone or in combination, genes with functions spanning metabolism, mitosis, mitochondrial maintenance, and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS RIME enables the rapid, efficient, and inexpensive analysis of multiple genes in the mouse liver in vivo .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Hector Cure
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Kamen P Simeonov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Christopher Krapp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Department of Pediatrics , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Del Giudice L, Pontieri P, Aletta M, Calcagnile M. Mitochondrial Neurodegenerative Diseases: Three Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins as Intermediate Stage in the Pathway That Associates Damaged Genes with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:972. [PMID: 37508402 PMCID: PMC10376763 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, numerous research endeavors are dedicated to unraveling the intricate nature of neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are characterized by the gradual and progressive impairment of specific neuronal systems that exhibit anatomical or physiological connections. In particular, in the last twenty years, remarkable efforts have been made to elucidate neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, despite extensive research endeavors, no cure or effective treatment has been discovered thus far. With the emergence of studies shedding light on the contribution of mitochondria to the onset and advancement of mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorders, researchers are now directing their investigations toward the development of therapies. These therapies include molecules designed to protect mitochondria and neurons from the detrimental effects of aging, as well as mutant proteins. Our objective is to discuss and evaluate the recent discovery of three mitochondrial ribosomal proteins linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. These proteins represent an intermediate stage in the pathway connecting damaged genes to the two mitochondrial neurological pathologies. This discovery potentially could open new avenues for the production of medicinal substances with curative potential for the treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Del Giudice
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Pontieri
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vila-Sanjurjo A, Mallo N, Atkins JF, Elson JL, Smith PM. Our current understanding of the toxicity of altered mito-ribosomal fidelity during mitochondrial protein synthesis: What can it tell us about human disease? Front Physiol 2023; 14:1082953. [PMID: 37457031 PMCID: PMC10349377 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1082953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered mito-ribosomal fidelity is an important and insufficiently understood causative agent of mitochondrial dysfunction. Its pathogenic effects are particularly well-known in the case of mitochondrially induced deafness, due to the existence of the, so called, ototoxic variants at positions 847C (m.1494C) and 908A (m.1555A) of 12S mitochondrial (mt-) rRNA. It was shown long ago that the deleterious effects of these variants could remain dormant until an external stimulus triggered their pathogenicity. Yet, the link from the fidelity defect at the mito-ribosomal level to its phenotypic manifestation remained obscure. Recent work with fidelity-impaired mito-ribosomes, carrying error-prone and hyper-accurate mutations in mito-ribosomal proteins, have started to reveal the complexities of the phenotypic manifestation of mito-ribosomal fidelity defects, leading to a new understanding of mtDNA disease. While much needs to be done to arrive to a clear picture of how defects at the level of mito-ribosomal translation eventually result in the complex patterns of disease observed in patients, the current evidence indicates that altered mito-ribosome function, even at very low levels, may become highly pathogenic. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, we compare the molecular details associated with mito-ribosomal fidelity to those of general ribosomal fidelity. Second, we gather information on the cellular and organismal phenotypes associated with defective translational fidelity in order to provide the necessary grounds for an understanding of the phenotypic manifestation of defective mito-ribosomal fidelity. Finally, the results of recent experiments directly tackling mito-ribosomal fidelity are reviewed and future paths of investigation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía e Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Natalia Mallo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía e Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - John F Atkins
- Schools of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joanna L Elson
- The Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle uponTyne, United Kingdom
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Paul M Smith
- Department of Paediatrics, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pickett SJ, Hudson G, Greaves LC. Single-cell multiomic analyses sheds light on mitochondrial mutational selection. Nat Genet 2023:10.1038/s41588-023-01436-5. [PMID: 37386252 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Pickett
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barretta F, Uomo F, Caldora F, Mocerino R, Adamo D, Testa F, Simonelli F, Scudiero O, Tinto N, Frisso G, Mazzaccara C. Combined MITOchondrial-NUCLEAR (MITO-NUCLEAR) Analysis for Mitochondrial Diseases Diagnosis: Validation and Implementation of a One-Step NGS Method. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051087. [PMID: 37239447 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is revolutionizing diagnostic screening for mitochondrial diseases (MDs). Moreover, an investigation by NGS still requires analyzing the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes separately, with limitations in terms of time and costs. We describe the validation and implementation of a custom blended MITOchondrial-NUCLEAR (MITO-NUCLEAR) assay for the simultaneous identification of genetic variants both in whole mtDNA and in nuclear genes included in a clinic exome panel. Furthermore, the MITO-NUCLEAR assay, implemented in our diagnostic process, has allowed us to arrive at a molecular diagnosis in a young patient. METHODS Massive sequencing strategy was applied for the validation experiments, performed using multiple tissues (blood, buccal swab, fresh tissue, tissue from slide, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section) and two different blend-in ratios of the mitochondrial probes: nuclear probes; 1:900 and 1:300. RESULTS Data suggested that 1:300 was the optimal probe dilution, where 100% of the mtDNA was covered at least 3000×, the median coverage was >5000×, and 93.84% of nuclear regions were covered at least 100×. CONCLUSIONS Our custom Agilent SureSelect MITO-NUCLEAR panel provides a potential "one-step" investigation that may be applied to both research and genetic diagnosis of MDs, allowing the simultaneous discovery of nuclear and mitochondrial mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Uomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caldora
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Mocerino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Adamo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Testa
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eade KT, Ansell BRE, Giles S, Fallon R, Harkins-Perry S, Nagasaki T, Tzaridis S, Wallace M, Mills EA, Farashi S, Johnson A, Sauer L, Hart B, Diaz-Rubio ME, Bahlo M, Metallo C, Allikmets R, Gantner ML, Bernstein PS, Friedlander M. iPSC-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells from patients with macular telangiectasia show decreased mitochondrial function. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163771. [PMID: 37115691 PMCID: PMC10145939 DOI: 10.1172/jci163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a powerful tool for identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease. Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) is a rare, late-onset degenerative retinal disease with an extremely heterogeneous genetic architecture, lending itself to the use of iPSCs. Whole-exome sequencing screens and pedigree analyses have identified rare causative mutations that account for less than 5% of cases. Metabolomic surveys of patient populations and GWAS have linked MacTel to decreased circulating levels of serine and elevated levels of neurotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-dSLs). However, retina-specific, disease-contributing factors have yet to be identified. Here, we used iPSC-differentiated retinal pigmented epithelial (iRPE) cells derived from donors with or without MacTel to screen for novel cell-intrinsic pathological mechanisms. We show that MacTel iRPE cells mimicked the low serine levels observed in serum from patients with MacTel. Through RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment pathway analysis, we determined that MacTel iRPE cells are enriched in cellular stress pathways and dysregulation of central carbon metabolism. Using respirometry and mitochondrial stress testing, we functionally validated that MacTel iRPE cells had a reduction in mitochondrial function that was independent of defects in serine biosynthesis and 1-dSL accumulation. Thus, we identified phenotypes that may constitute alternative disease mechanisms beyond the known serine/sphingolipid pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Eade
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brendan Robert E. Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Regis Fallon
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Harkins-Perry
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simone Tzaridis
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A. Mills
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samaneh Farashi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alec Johnson
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lydia Sauer
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Barbara Hart
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - M. Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marin L. Gantner
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin Friedlander
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gill EL, Wang J, Viaene AN, Master SR, Ganetzky RD. Methodologies in Mitochondrial Testing: Diagnosing a Primary Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disorder. Clin Chem 2023:7143230. [PMID: 37099687 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are cytosolic organelles within most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) lead to defects in OxPhos and physiological malfunctions (Nat Rev Dis Primer 2016;2:16080.). Patients with primary mitochondrial disorders (PMD) experience heterogeneous symptoms, typically in multiple organ systems, depending on the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. Because of this heterogeneity, clinical diagnosis is challenging (Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2017;18:257-75.). Laboratory diagnosis of mitochondrial disease depends on a multipronged analysis that can include biochemical, histopathologic, and genetic testing. Each of these modalities has complementary strengths and limitations in diagnostic utility. CONTENT The primary focus of this review is on diagnosis and testing strategies for primary mitochondrial diseases. We review tissue samples utilized for testing, metabolic signatures, histologic findings, and molecular testing approaches. We conclude with future perspectives on mitochondrial testing. SUMMARY This review offers an overview of the current biochemical, histologic, and genetic approaches available for mitochondrial testing. For each we review their diagnostic utility including complementary strengths and weaknesses. We identify gaps in current testing and possible future avenues for test development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Gill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Angela N Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen R Master
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gautam M, Genç B, Helmold B, Ahrens A, Kuka J, Makrecka-Kuka M, Günay A, Koçak N, Aguilar-Wickings IR, Keefe D, Zheng G, Swaminathan S, Redmon M, Zariwala HA, Özdinler PH. SBT-272 improves TDP-43 pathology in ALS upper motor neurons by modulating mitochondrial integrity, motility, and function. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106022. [PMID: 36716828 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects are one of the common underlying causes of neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and TDP-43 pathology is the most commonly observed proteinopathy. Disrupted inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) reported in the upper motor neurons (UMNs) of ALS patients with TDP-43 pathology is recapitulated in the UMNs of well-characterized hTDP-43 mouse model of ALS. The construct validity, such as shared and common cellular pathology in mice and human, offers a unique opportunity to test treatment strategies that may translate to patients. SBT-272 is a well-tolerated brain-penetrant small molecule that stabilizes cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in IMM, thereby restoring mitochondrial structure and respiratory function. We investigated whether SBT-272 can improve IMM structure and health in UMNs diseased with TDP-43 pathology in our well-characterized UMN reporter line for ALS. We found that SBT-272 significantly improved mitochondrial structural integrity and restored mitochondrial motility and function. This led to improved health of diseased UMNs in vitro. In comparison to edaravone and AMX0035, SBT-272 appeared more effective in restoring health of diseased UMNs. Chronic treatment of SBT-272 for sixty days starting at an early symptomatic stage of the disease in vivo led to a significant reduction in astrogliosis, microgliosis, and TDP-43 pathology in the ALS motor cortex. Our results underscore the therapeutic potential of SBT-272, especially within the context of TDP-43 pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Barış Genç
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin Helmold
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Angela Ahrens
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Janis Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (LIOS), Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-2006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (LIOS), Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-2006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aksu Günay
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nuran Koçak
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Izaak R Aguilar-Wickings
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dennis Keefe
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Guozhu Zheng
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Suchitra Swaminathan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 675 N St Clair Fl 21 Ste 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martin Redmon
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - Hatim A Zariwala
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, 140 Kendrick St Building C, Needham, MA 02494, USA
| | - P Hande Özdinler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 675 N St Clair Fl 21 Ste 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Dr, Evanston, IL 60208, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Proteomics as a Tool for the Study of Mitochondrial Proteome, Its Dysfunctionality and Pathological Consequences in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054692. [PMID: 36902123 PMCID: PMC10003354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is on the proteomic approaches applied to the study of the qualitative/quantitative changes in mitochondrial proteins that are related to impaired mitochondrial function and consequently different types of pathologies. Proteomic techniques developed in recent years have created a powerful tool for the characterization of both static and dynamic proteomes. They can detect protein-protein interactions and a broad repertoire of post-translation modifications that play pivotal roles in mitochondrial regulation, maintenance and proper function. Based on accumulated proteomic data, conclusions can be derived on how to proceed in disease prevention and treatment. In addition, this article will present an overview of the recently published proteomic papers that deal with the regulatory roles of post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins and specifically with cardiovascular diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ibayashi K, Fujino Y, Mimaki M, Fujimoto K, Matsuda S, Goto YI. Estimation of the Number of Patients With Mitochondrial Diseases: A Descriptive Study Using a Nationwide Database in Japan. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:68-75. [PMID: 33907064 PMCID: PMC9794447 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide a better healthcare system for patients with mitochondrial diseases, it is important to understand the basic epidemiology of these conditions, including the number of patients affected. However, little information about them has appeared in Japan to date. METHODS To gather data of patients with mitochondrial diseases, we estimated the number of patients with mitochondrial diseases from April 2018 through March 2019 using a national Japanese health care claims database, the National Database (NDB). Further, we calculated the prevalence of patients, and sex ratio, age class, and geographical distribution. RESULTS From April 2018 through March 2019, the number of patients with mitochondrial diseases was 3,629, and the prevalence was 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-3.0) per 100,000 general population. The ratio of females and males was 53 to 47, and the most frequent age class was 40-49 years old. Tokyo had the greatest number of patients with mitochondrial diseases, at 477, whereas Yamanashi had the fewest, at 13. Kagoshima had the highest prevalence of patients with mitochondrial diseases, 8.4 (95% CI, 7.1-10.0) per 100,000 population, whereas Yamanashi had the lowest, 1.6 (95% CI, 0.8-2.7). CONCLUSION The number of patients with mitochondrial diseases estimated by this study, 3,269, was more than double that indicated by the Japanese government. This result may imply that about half of all patients are overlooked for reasons such as low severity of illness, suggesting that the Japanese healthcare system needs to provide additional support for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ibayashi
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Mimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fujimoto
- Department of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Department of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yu-ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Genetic testing for mitochondrial disease: the United Kingdom best practice guidelines. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:148-163. [PMID: 36513735 PMCID: PMC9905091 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disease describes a diverse group of neuro-metabolic disorders characterised by impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Diagnosis is challenging; >350 genes, both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded, are known to cause mitochondrial disease, leading to all possible inheritance patterns and further complicated by heteroplasmy of the multicopy mitochondrial genome. Technological advances, particularly next-generation sequencing, have driven a shift in diagnostic practice from 'biopsy first' to genome-wide analyses of blood and/or urine DNA. This has led to the need for a reference framework for laboratories involved in mitochondrial genetic testing to facilitate a consistent high-quality service. In the United Kingdom, consensus guidelines have been prepared by a working group of Clinical Scientists from the NHS Highly Specialised Service followed by national laboratory consultation. These guidelines summarise current recommended technologies and methodologies for the analysis of mtDNA and nuclear-encoded genes in patients with suspected mitochondrial disease. Genetic testing strategies for diagnosis, family testing and reproductive options including prenatal diagnosis are outlined. Importantly, recommendations for the minimum levels of mtDNA testing for the most common referral reasons are included, as well as guidance on appropriate referrals and information on the minimal appropriate gene content of panels when analysing nuclear mitochondrial genes. Finally, variant interpretation and recommendations for reporting of results are discussed, focussing particularly on the challenges of interpreting and reporting mtDNA variants.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mann JP, Duan X, Patel S, Tábara LC, Scurria F, Alvarez-Guaita A, Haider A, Luijten I, Page M, Protasoni M, Lim K, Virtue S, O'Rahilly S, Armstrong M, Prudent J, Semple RK, Savage DB. A mouse model of human mitofusin-2-related lipodystrophy exhibits adipose-specific mitochondrial stress and reduced leptin secretion. eLife 2023; 12:e82283. [PMID: 36722855 PMCID: PMC9937658 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in obesity and insulin resistance, but primary genetic mitochondrial dysfunction is generally not associated with these, arguing against a straightforward causal relationship. A rare exception, recently identified in humans, is a syndrome of lower body adipose loss, leptin-deficient severe upper body adipose overgrowth, and insulin resistance caused by the p.Arg707Trp mutation in MFN2, encoding mitofusin 2. How the resulting selective form of mitochondrial dysfunction leads to tissue- and adipose depot-specific growth abnormalities and systemic biochemical perturbation is unknown. To address this, Mfn2R707W/R707W knock-in mice were generated and phenotyped on chow and high fat diets. Electron microscopy revealed adipose-specific mitochondrial morphological abnormalities. Oxidative phosphorylation measured in isolated mitochondria was unperturbed, but the cellular integrated stress response was activated in adipose tissue. Fat mass and distribution, body weight, and systemic glucose and lipid metabolism were unchanged, however serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations, and their secretion from adipose explants were reduced. Pharmacological induction of the integrated stress response in wild-type adipocytes also reduced secretion of leptin and adiponectin, suggesting an explanation for the in vivo findings. These data suggest that the p.Arg707Trp MFN2 mutation selectively perturbs mitochondrial morphology and activates the integrated stress response in adipose tissue. In mice, this does not disrupt most adipocyte functions or systemic metabolism, whereas in humans it is associated with pathological adipose remodelling and metabolic disease. In both species, disproportionate effects on leptin secretion may relate to cell autonomous induction of the integrated stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Mann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Satish Patel
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Luis Carlos Tábara
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fabio Scurria
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ineke Luijten
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Koini Lim
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Virtue
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Suárez-Rivero JM, Romero-Domínguez JM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. mtUPR Modulation as a Therapeutic Target for Primary and Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021482. [PMID: 36674998 PMCID: PMC9865803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological event in many diseases. Its role in energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis regulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance render mitochondria essential for cell survival and fitness. However, there are no effective treatments for most primary and secondary mitochondrial diseases to this day. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches, such as the modulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), are being explored. mtUPRs englobe several compensatory processes related to proteostasis and antioxidant system mechanisms. mtUPR activation, through an overcompensation for mild intracellular stress, promotes cell homeostasis and improves lifespan and disease alterations in biological models of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases, cardiopathies, metabolic disorders, and primary mitochondrial diseases. Although mtUPR activation is a promising therapeutic option for many pathological conditions, its activation could promote tumor progression in cancer patients, and its overactivation could lead to non-desired side effects, such as the increased heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA mutations. In this review, we present the most recent data about mtUPR modulation as a therapeutic approach, its role in diseases, and its potential negative consequences in specific pathological situations.
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu W, Tang J, Zhao L. DNA-protein cross-links between abasic DNA damage and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:41-53. [PMID: 36583367 PMCID: PMC9841407 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are essential organelles for energy production, metabolism, and signaling. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 13 protein subunits for oxidative phosphorylation and a set of tRNAs and rRNAs. mtDNA damage, sourced from endogenous chemicals and environmental factors, contributes to mitochondrial genomic instability, which has been associated with various mitochondrial diseases. DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are deleterious DNA lesions that threaten genomic integrity. Although much has been learned about the formation and repair of DPCs in the nucleus, little is known about DPCs in mitochondria. Here, we present in vitro and in cellulo data to demonstrate the formation of DPCs between a prevalent abasic (AP) DNA lesion and a DNA-packaging protein, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). TFAM cleaves AP-DNA and forms DPCs and single-strand breaks (SSB). Lys residues of TFAM are critical for the formation of TFAM-DPC and a reactive 3'-phospho-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde (3'pUA) residue on SSB. The 3'pUA residue reacts with two Cys of TFAM and contributes to the stable TFAM-DPC formation. Glutathione reacts with 3'pUA and competes with TFAM-DPC formation, corroborating our cellular experiments showing the accumulation of TFAM-DPCs under limiting glutathione. Our data point to the involvement of TFAM in AP-DNA turnover and fill a knowledge gap regarding the protein factors in processing damaged mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Linlin Zhao
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 951 827 9081;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Del Greco C, Antonellis A. The Role of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial tRNA Charging Enzymes in Human Inherited Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122319. [PMID: 36553587 PMCID: PMC9777667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are highly conserved essential enzymes that charge tRNA with cognate amino acids-the first step of protein synthesis. Of the 37 nuclear-encoded human ARS genes, 17 encode enzymes are exclusively targeted to the mitochondria (mt-ARSs). Mutations in nuclear mt-ARS genes are associated with rare, recessive human diseases with a broad range of clinical phenotypes. While the hypothesized disease mechanism is a loss-of-function effect, there is significant clinical heterogeneity among patients that have mutations in different mt-ARS genes and also among patients that have mutations in the same mt-ARS gene. This observation suggests that additional factors are involved in disease etiology. In this review, we present our current understanding of diseases caused by mutations in the genes encoding mt-ARSs and propose explanations for the observed clinical heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Del Greco
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Baker MJ, Crameri JJ, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial biology and dysfunction in secondary mitochondrial disease. Open Biol 2022; 12:220274. [PMID: 36475414 PMCID: PMC9727669 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a broad, genetically heterogeneous class of metabolic disorders characterized by deficits in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) defines pathologies resulting from mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear genes affecting either mtDNA expression or the biogenesis and function of the respiratory chain. Secondary mitochondrial disease (SMD) arises due to mutation of nuclear-encoded genes independent of, or indirectly influencing OXPHOS assembly and operation. Despite instances of novel SMD increasing year-on-year, PMD is much more widely discussed in the literature. Indeed, since the implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in 2010, many novel mitochondrial disease genes have been identified, approximately half of which are linked to SMD. This review will consolidate existing knowledge of SMDs and outline discrete categories within which to better understand the diversity of SMD phenotypes. By providing context to the biochemical and molecular pathways perturbed in SMD, we hope to further demonstrate the intricacies of SMD pathologies outside of their indirect contribution to mitochondrial energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jordan J. Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu W, Zhao L. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Mitochondrial DNA-Protein Cross-Links from Mammalian Cells. DNA 2022; 2:264-278. [PMID: 37601565 PMCID: PMC10438828 DOI: 10.3390/dna2040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA-Protein cross-links (DPCs) are cytotoxic DNA lesions with a protein covalently bound to the DNA. Although much has been learned about the formation, repair, and biological consequences of DPCs in the nucleus, little is known regarding mitochondrial DPCs. This is due in part to the lack of robust and specific methods to measure mitochondrial DPCs. Herein, we reported an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method for detecting mitochondrial DPCs formed between DNA and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in cultured human cells. To optimize the purification and detection workflow, we prepared model TFAM-DPCs via Schiff base chemistry using recombinant human TFAM and a DNA substrate containing an abasic (AP) lesion. We optimized the isolation of TFAM-DPCs using commercial silica gel-based columns to achieve a high recovery yield for DPCs. We evaluated the microplate, DNA-coating solution, and HRP substrate for specific and sensitive detection of TFAM-DPCs. Additionally, we optimized the mtDNA isolation procedure to eliminate almost all nuclear DNA contaminants. For proof of concept, we detected the different levels of TFAM-DPCs in mtDNA from HEK293 cells under different biological conditions. The method is based on commercially available materials and can be amended to detect other types of DPCs in mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, United States
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tostes K, dos Santos AC, Alves LO, Bechara LRG, Marascalchi R, Macabelli CH, Grejo MP, Festuccia WT, Gottlieb RA, Ferreira JCB, Chiaratti MR. Autophagy deficiency abolishes liver mitochondrial DNA segregation. Autophagy 2022; 18:2397-2408. [PMID: 35220898 PMCID: PMC9542960 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2038501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) are ubiquitous in humans and can lead to a broad spectrum of disorders. However, due to the presence of multiple mtDNA molecules in the cell, co-existence of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs (termed heteroplasmy) can mask disease phenotype unless a threshold of mutant molecules is reached. Importantly, the mutant mtDNA level can change across lifespan as mtDNA segregates in an allele- and cell-specific fashion, potentially leading to disease. Segregation of mtDNA is mainly evident in hepatic cells, resulting in an age-dependent increase of mtDNA variants, including non-synonymous potentially deleterious mutations. Here we modeled mtDNA segregation using a well-established heteroplasmic mouse line with mtDNA of NZB/BINJ and C57BL/6N origin on a C57BL/6N nuclear background. This mouse line showed a pronounced age-dependent NZB mtDNA accumulation in the liver, thus leading to enhanced respiration capacity per mtDNA molecule. Remarkably, liver-specific atg7 (autophagy related 7) knockout abolished NZB mtDNA accumulat ion, resulting in close-to-neutral mtDNA segregation through development into adulthood. prkn (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) knockout also partially prevented NZB mtDNA accumulation in the liver, but to a lesser extent. Hence, we propose that age-related liver mtDNA segregation is a consequence of macroautophagic clearance of the less-fit mtDNA. Considering that NZB/BINJ and C57BL/6N mtDNAs have a level of divergence comparable to that between human Eurasian and African mtDNAs, these findings have potential implications for humans, including the safe use of mitochondrial replacement therapy.Abbreviations: Apob: apolipoprotein B; Atg1: autophagy-related 1; Atg7: autophagy related 7; Atp5a1: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1; BL6: C57BL/6N mouse strain; BNIP3: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MAP1LC3A: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; mt-Atp8: mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 8; MT-CO1: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I; MT-CO2: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II; mt-Co3: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III; mt-Cytb: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MUL1: mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1; nDNA: nuclear DNA; Ndufa9: NADH:ubiquinone oxireductase subunit A9; NDUFB8: NADH:ubiquinone oxireductase subunit B8; Nnt: nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase; NZB: NZB/BINJ mouse strain; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; Polg2: polymerase (DNA directed), gamma 2, accessory subunit; Ppara: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; Ppia: peptidylprolyl isomerase A; Prkn: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; P10: post-natal day 10; P21: post-natal day 21; P100: post-natal day 100; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Rpl19: ribosomal protein L19; Rps18: ribosomal protein S18; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the mean; SDHB: succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip); SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Ssbp1: single-stranded DNA binding protein 1; TFAM: transcription factor A, mitochondrial; Tfb1m: transcription factor B1, mitochondrial; Tfb2m: transcription factor B2, mitochondrial; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; UQCRC2: ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein 2; WT: wild-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Tostes
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Angélica C. dos Santos
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lindomar O. Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. G. Bechara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel Marascalchi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carolina H. Macabelli
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mateus P. Grejo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta A. Gottlieb
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julio C. B. Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Marcos R. Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil,CONTACT Marcos R. Chiaratti Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos13565-905, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li L, Ma J, Wang J, Dong L, Liu S. Two Chinese siblings of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14 caused by compound heterozygous variants in FARS2. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:184. [PMID: 36155627 PMCID: PMC9511728 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a rare mitochondrial disease, combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14 (COXPD14) is caused by biallelic variants in the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial gene (FARS2) with clinical features of developmental delay, an elevated lactate level, early-onset encephalopathy, liver failure, and hypotonia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the clinical and molecular features of two Chinese siblings affected with COXPD14, and to review relevant literature. Methods Mutation screening was performed by whole exome sequencing (WES) in combination with Sanger sequencing validation to identify the disease-causing variants of the two patients. Results The two siblings presented with severe clinical features and both progressed aggressively and failed to survive after treatment abandonment. We identified two compound heterozygous FARS2 variants c.925G>A p.Gly309Ser and c.943G>C p.Gly315Arg in this proband, which were inherited from the unaffected father and mother, respectively. In addition, Sanger sequencing confirmed that the elder affected sister carried the same compound heterozygous variants. The c.925G>A p.Gly309Ser variant is known and commonly reported in COXPD14 patients, while c.943G>C p.Gly315Arg is a novel one. Neither of the variants was found in 100 Chinese healthy controls. Both variants were classified as “deleterious” and were located in the highly conserved regions of the protein. The above results suggested that the two variants were likely causative in this COXPD14-affected pedigree. Conclusions Our study expands the mutation spectrum of FARS2 and highlights the importance of genetic testing in the diagnosis of diseases with a wide variety of phenotypes, especially in the differential diagnosis of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangshan Li
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingli Wang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liping Dong
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vikramdeo KS, Sudan SK, Singh AP, Singh S, Dasgupta S. Mitochondrial respiratory complexes: Significance in human mitochondrial disorders and cancers. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4049-4078. [PMID: 36074903 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal organelles that govern cellular energy production through the oxidative phosphorylation system utilizing five respiratory complexes. In addition, mitochondria also contribute to various critical signaling pathways including apoptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, calcium homeostasis, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis. Among these diverse functions, the energy generation program oversee by mitochondria represents an immaculate orchestration and functional coordination between the mitochondria and nuclear encoded molecules. Perturbation in this program through respiratory complexes' alteration results in the manifestation of various mitochondrial disorders and malignancy, which is alarmingly becoming evident in the recent literature. Considering the clinical relevance and importance of this emerging medical problem, this review sheds light on the timing and nature of molecular alterations in various respiratory complexes and their functional consequences observed in various mitochondrial disorders and human cancers. Finally, we discussed how this wealth of information could be exploited and tailored to develop respiratory complex targeted personalized therapeutics and biomarkers for better management of various incurable human mitochondrial disorders and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarabjeet Kour Sudan
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Zou Y, Pei J, Wang Y, Chen Q, Sun M, Kang L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gao X, Lin Z. The Deficiency of SCARB2/LIMP-2 Impairs Metabolism via Disrupted mTORC1-Dependent Mitochondrial OXPHOS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158634. [PMID: 35955761 PMCID: PMC9368982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) is related to both Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), which are both neurodegenerative-related diseases without cure. Although both diseases lead to weight loss, which affects the quality of life and the progress of diseases, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that Scarb2−/− mice showed significantly reduced lipid storage in white fat tissues (WAT) compared to WT mice on a regular chow diet. However, the phenotype is independent of heat production, activity, food intake or energy absorption. Furthermore, adipocyte differentiation and cholesterol homeostasis were unaffected. We found that the impaired lipid accumulation of Adiponectin-cre; Scarb2fl/fl mice was due to the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mechanistically, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) pathway was down-regulated in Scarb2 deficient adipocytes, leading to impaired mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolysis. Altogether, we reveal the role of SCARB2 in metabolism regulation besides the nervous system, which provides a theoretical basis for weight loss treatment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Jingwen Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Yushu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Minli Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lulu Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Xuyuan Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liguo Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Urrutia KM, Xu W, Zhao L. The 5′-phosphate enhances the DNA-binding and exonuclease activities of human mitochondrial genome maintenance nuclease 1 (MGME1). J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102306. [PMID: 35934053 PMCID: PMC9460513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, mitochondria play multiple roles in energy production, signaling, and biosynthesis. Mitochondria possess multiple copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes 37 genes that are essential for mitochondrial and cellular function. When mtDNA is challenged by endogenous and exogenous factors, mtDNA undergoes repair, degradation, and compensatory synthesis. mtDNA degradation is an emerging pathway in mtDNA damage response and maintenance. A key factor involved is the human mitochondrial genome maintenance exonuclease 1 (MGME1). Despite previous biochemical and functional studies, controversies exist regarding the polarity of MGME1-mediated DNA cleavage. Also, how DNA sequence may affect the activities of MGME1 remains elusive. Such information is not only fundamental to the understanding of MGME1 but critical for deciphering the mechanism of mtDNA degradation. Herein, we use quantitative assays to examine the effects of substrate structure and sequence on the DNA-binding and enzymatic activities of MGME1. We demonstrate that MGME1 binds to and cleaves from the 5′-end of single-stranded DNA substrates, especially in the presence of 5′-phosphate, which plays an important role in DNA binding and optimal cleavage by MGME1. In addition, MGME1 tolerates certain modifications at the terminal end, such as a 5′-deoxyribosephosphate intermediate formed in base excision repair. We show that MGME1 processes different sequences with varying efficiencies, with dT and dC sequences being the most and least efficiently digested, respectively. Our results provide insights into the enzymatic properties of MGME1 and a rationale for the coordination of MGME1 with the 3′–5′ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase γ in mtDNA degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Urrutia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sabharwal A, Campbell JM, Schwab TL, WareJoncas Z, Wishman MD, Ata H, Liu W, Ichino N, Hunter DE, Bergren JD, Urban MD, Urban RM, Holmberg SR, Kar B, Cook A, Ding Y, Xu X, Clark KJ, Ekker SC. A Primer Genetic Toolkit for Exploring Mitochondrial Biology and Disease Using Zebrafish. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1317. [PMID: 35893052 PMCID: PMC9331066 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a dynamic eukaryotic innovation that play diverse roles in biology and disease. The mitochondrial genome is remarkably conserved in all vertebrates, encoding the same 37-gene set and overall genomic structure, ranging from 16,596 base pairs (bp) in the teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 16,569 bp in humans. Mitochondrial disorders are amongst the most prevalent inherited diseases, affecting roughly 1 in every 5000 individuals. Currently, few effective treatments exist for those with mitochondrial ailments, representing a major unmet patient need. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a common component of a wide variety of other human illnesses, ranging from neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease to autoimmune illnesses such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The electron transport chain (ETC) component of mitochondria is critical for mitochondrial biology and defects can lead to many mitochondrial disease symptoms. Here, we present a publicly available collection of genetic mutants created in highly conserved, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes in Danio rerio. The zebrafish system represents a potentially powerful new opportunity for the study of mitochondrial biology and disease due to the large number of orthologous genes shared with humans and the many advanced features of this model system, from genetics to imaging. This collection includes 15 mutant lines in 13 different genes created through locus-specific gene editing to induce frameshift or splice acceptor mutations, leading to predicted protein truncation during translation. Additionally, included are 11 lines created by the random insertion of the gene-breaking transposon (GBT) protein trap cassette. All these targeted mutant alleles truncate conserved domains of genes critical to the proper function of the ETC or genes that have been implicated in human mitochondrial disease. This collection is designed to accelerate the use of zebrafish to study many different aspects of mitochondrial function to widen our understanding of their role in biology and human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sabharwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Jarryd M. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Tanya L. Schwab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Zachary WareJoncas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Mark D. Wishman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Hirotaka Ata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Wiebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Noriko Ichino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Danielle E. Hunter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Jake D. Bergren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Mark D. Urban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Rhianna M. Urban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Shannon R. Holmberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Bibekananda Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Alex Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karl J. Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Stephen C. Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.); (J.M.C.); (T.L.S.); (Z.W.); (M.D.W.); (H.A.); (W.L.); (N.I.); (D.E.H.); (J.D.B.); (M.D.U.); (R.M.U.); (S.R.H.); (B.K.); (A.C.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (K.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gayan S, Joshi G, Dey T. Biomarkers of mitochondrial origin: a futuristic cancer diagnostic. Integr Biol (Camb) 2022; 14:77-88. [PMID: 35780307 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly fatal disease without effective early-stage diagnosis and proper treatment. Along with the oncoproteins and oncometabolites, several organelles from cancerous cells are also emerging as potential biomarkers. Mitochondria isolated from cancer cells are one such biomarker candidates. Cancerous mitochondria exhibit different profiles compared with normal ones in morphology, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic landscape. Here, the possibilities of exploring such characteristics as potential biomarkers through single-cell omics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are discussed. Furthermore, the prospects of exploiting the biomarker-based diagnosis and its futuristic utilization through circulatory tumor cell technology are analyzed. A successful alliance of circulatory tumor cell isolation protocols and a single-cell omics platform can emerge as a next-generation diagnosis and personalized treatment procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Gayan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Gargee Joshi
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Tuli Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cell powerhouse, are membrane-bound organelles present in the cytoplasm of almost all the eukaryotic cells. Their main function is to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, mitochondria store calcium for the cell signaling activities, generate heat, harbor pathways of intermediate metabolism and mediate cell growth and death. Primary mitochondrial diseases (MDs) form a clinically as well as genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that result from the mitochondrial energetic metabolism malfunctions. The lifetime risk of the MDs development is estimated at 1:1470 of newborns, which makes them one of the most recurrent groups of inherited disorders with an important burden for society.
MDs are progressive with wide range of symptoms of variable severity that can emerge congenitally or anytime during the life. MD can be caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA genes. Mutations inducing impairment of mitochondrial function have been found in more than 400 genes. Furthermore, more than 1200 nuclear genes, which could play a role in the MDs’ genetic etiology, are involved in the mitochondrial activities. However, the knowledge regarding the mechanism of the mitochondrial pathogenicity appears to be most essential for the development of effective patient’s treatment suffering from the mitochondrial disease. This is an overview update focused on the mitochondrial biology and the mitochondrial diseases associated genes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kiiskilä JM, Hassinen IE, Kettunen J, Kytövuori L, Mikkola I, Härkönen P, Jokelainen JJ, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Perola M, Majamaa K. Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups J and K, serum branched-chain amino acids and lowered capability for endurance exercise. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:95. [PMID: 35619160 PMCID: PMC9137050 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Endurance exercise training promotes the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in skeletal muscles. We have previously shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups J and K are markers of low responders in endurance training. In this paper, we hypothesize that BCAA catabolism is a surrogate marker of lower respiratory chain activity attributed to these haplogroups. We evaluated whether exercise-induced changes in amino acid concentrations differ between subjects harbouring mtDNA haplogroups J or K and those with non-JK haplogroups. Methods Finnish male conscripts (N = 633) undertook the 12-min Cooper running test at the beginning and end of their military service. The intervention during the service mainly included endurance aerobic exercise and sports-related muscle training. Concentrations of seven amino acids were analysed in the serum using a high-throughput 1H NMR metabolomics platform. Total DNA was extracted from whole blood, and restriction fragment analysis was used to determine mtDNA haplogroups J and K. Results The concentrations of the seven amino acids were higher following the intervention, with the exception of phenylalanine; interestingly, the increase in the concentrations of three BCAAs was larger in subjects with haplogroup J or K than in subjects with non-JK haplogroups (p = 0.029). MtDNA haplogroups J and K share two common nonsynonymous variants. Structural analysis based on crystallographic data on bovine complexes I and III revealed that the Leu18 variant in cytochrome b encoded by m.14798T > C may interfere with ubiquinone binding at the Qi site in complex III. Conclusions The increase in the concentrations of serum BCAAs following exercise intervention differs between subjects harbouring mtDNA haplogroup J or K and those harbouring non-JK haplogroups. Lower response in endurance training and difference in exercise-induced increase in the concentrations of serum BCAAs suggest decreased respiratory chain activity. Haplogroups J and K share m.14798T > C in MT-CYB, which may hamper the function of complex III. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-022-00485-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka M Kiiskilä
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ilmo E Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Kytövuori
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Pirjo Härkönen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari J Jokelainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne, Pyhäjärvi, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Saoji M, Petersen CE, Sen A, Tripoli BA, Smyth JT, Cox RT. Reduction of Drosophila Mitochondrial RNase P in Skeletal and Heart Muscle Causes Muscle Degeneration, Cardiomyopathy, and Heart Arrhythmia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:788516. [PMID: 35663400 PMCID: PMC9162060 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.788516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine the cause and progression of mitochondrial diseases linked to the loss of mtRNase P, a three-protein complex responsible for processing and cleaving mitochondrial transfer RNAs (tRNA) from their nascent transcripts. When mtRNase P function is missing, mature mitochondrial tRNA levels are decreased, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. mtRNase P is composed of Mitochondrial RNase P Protein (MRPP) 1, 2, and 3. MRPP1 and 2 have their own enzymatic activity separate from MRPP3, which is the endonuclease responsible for cleaving tRNA. Human mutations in all subunits cause mitochondrial disease. The loss of mitochondrial function can cause devastating, often multisystemic failures. When mitochondria do not provide enough energy and metabolites, the result can be skeletal muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and heart arrhythmias. These symptoms are complex and often difficult to interpret, making disease models useful for diagnosing disease onset and progression. Previously, we identified Drosophila orthologs of each mtRNase P subunit (Roswell/MRPP1, Scully/MRPP2, Mulder/MRPP3) and found that the loss of each subunit causes lethality and decreased mitochondrial tRNA processing in vivo. Here, we use Drosophila to model mtRNase P mitochondrial diseases by reducing the level of each subunit in skeletal and heart muscle using tissue-specific RNAi knockdown. We find that mtRNase P reduction in skeletal muscle decreases adult eclosion and causes reduced muscle mass and function. Adult flies exhibit significant age-progressive locomotor defects. Cardiac-specific mtRNase P knockdowns reduce fly lifespan for Roswell and Scully, but not Mulder. Using intravital imaging, we find that adult hearts have impaired contractility and exhibit substantial arrhythmia. This occurs for roswell and mulder knockdowns, but with little effect for scully. The phenotypes shown here are similar to those exhibited by patients with mitochondrial disease, including disease caused by mutations in MRPP1 and 2. These findings also suggest that skeletal and cardiac deficiencies induced by mtRNase P loss are differentially affected by the three subunits. These differences could have implications for disease progression in skeletal and heart muscle and shed light on how the enzyme complex functions in different tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Saoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Courtney E. Petersen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States.
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aditya Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Benjamin A. Tripoli
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Smyth
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachel T. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Suárez-Rivero JM, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Povea-Cabello S, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Villalón-García I, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Munuera-Cabeza M, Reche-López D, Cilleros-Holgado P, Piñero-Perez R, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. UPR mt activation improves pathological alterations in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:204. [PMID: 35581596 PMCID: PMC9115953 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial diseases represent one of the most common groups of genetic diseases. With a prevalence greater than 1 in 5000 adults, such diseases still lack effective treatment. Current therapies are purely palliative and, in most cases, insufficient. Novel approaches to compensate and, if possible, revert mitochondrial dysfunction must be developed. Results In this study, we tackled the issue using as a model fibroblasts from a patient bearing a mutation in the GFM1 gene, which is involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Mutant GFM1 fibroblasts could not survive in galactose restrictive medium for more than 3 days, making them the perfect screening platform to test several compounds. Tetracycline enabled mutant GFM1 fibroblasts survival under nutritional stress. Here we demonstrate that tetracycline upregulates the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt), a compensatory pathway regulating mitochondrial proteostasis. We additionally report that activation of UPRmt improves mutant GFM1 cellular bioenergetics and partially restores mitochondrial protein expression. Conclusions Overall, we provide compelling evidence to propose the activation of intrinsic cellular compensatory mechanisms as promising therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02331-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Piñero-Perez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hipps D, Dobson PF, Warren C, McDonald D, Fuller A, Filby A, Bulmer D, Laude A, Russell O, Deehan DJ, Turnbull DM, Lawless C. Detecting respiratory chain defects in osteoblasts from osteoarthritic patients using imaging mass cytometry. Bone 2022; 158:116371. [PMID: 35192969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease which is characterised by reduced bone mass and microarchitecture, with a subsequent loss of strength that predisposes to fragility and risk of fractures. The pathogenesis of falling bone mineral density, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of osteoporosis is incompletely understood but the disease is currently thought to be multifactorial. Humans are known to accumulate mitochondrial mutations and respiratory chain deficiency with age and mounting evidence suggests that this may indeed be the overarching cause intrinsic to the changing phenotype in advancing age and age-related disease. Mitochondrial mutations are detectable from the age of about 30 years onwards. Mitochondria contain their own genome which encodes 13 essential mitochondrial proteins and accumulates somatic variants at up to 10 times the rate of the nuclear genome. Once the concentration of any pathogenic mitochondrial genome variant exceeds a threshold, respiratory chain deficiency and cellular dysfunction occur. The PolgD257A/D257A mouse model is a knock-in mutant that expresses a proof-reading-deficient version of PolgA, a nuclear encoded subunit of mtDNA polymerase. These mice are a useful model of age-related accumulation of mtDNA mutations in humans since their defective proof-reading mechanism leads to a mitochondrial DNA mutation rate 3-5 times higher than in wild-type mice. These mice showed enhanced levels of age-related osteoporosis along with respiratory chain deficiency in osteoblasts. To explore whether respiratory chain deficiency is also seen in human osteoblasts, we developed a protocol and analysis framework for imaging mass cytometry in bone tissue sections to analyse osteoblasts in situ. By comparing bone tissue sampled at one timepoint from femoral neck of 10 older healthy volunteers aged 40-85 with samples from young patients aged 1-19, we have identified complex I defect in osteoblasts from 6 out of 10 older volunteers, complex II defect in 2 out of 10 older volunteers, complex IV defect in 1 out of 10 older volunteers and complex V defect in 4 out of 10 older volunteers. These observations are consistent with findings from the PolgD257A/D257A mouse model and suggest that respiratory chain deficiency, as a consequence of the accumulation of age-related pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of human age-related osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hipps
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - Philip F Dobson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - Charlotte Warren
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - David McDonald
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Andrew Fuller
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Andrew Filby
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - David Bulmer
- Bioimaging Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Alex Laude
- Bioimaging Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Oliver Russell
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - David J Deehan
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Conor Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The fate of damaged mitochondrial DNA in the cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119233. [PMID: 35131372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion is a double membrane organelle that is responsible for cellular respiration and production of most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the genetic material carried by mitochondria, which encodes some essential subunits of respiratory complexes independent of nuclear DNA. Normally, mtDNA binds to certain proteins to form a nucleoid that is stable in mitochondria. Nevertheless, a variety of physiological or pathological stresses can cause mtDNA damage, and the accumulation of damaged mtDNA in mitochondria leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which triggers the occurrence of mitochondrial diseases in vivo. In response to mtDNA damage, cell initiates multiple pathways including mtDNA repair, degradation, clearance and release, to recover mtDNA, and maintain mitochondrial quality and cell homeostasis. In this review, we provide our current understanding of the fate of damaged mtDNA, focus on the pathways and mechanisms of removing damaged mtDNA in the cell.
Collapse
|
50
|
Circulating cell-free mtDNA release is associated with the activation of cGAS-STING pathway and inflammation in mitochondrial diseases. J Neurol 2022; 269:4985-4996. [PMID: 35486214 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence for the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases (MDs). However, the mechanisms underlying mutation-induced inflammation in MD remain elusive. Our previous study suggested that mitophagy is impaired in the skeletal muscle of those with MD, likely causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release and thereby triggering inflammation. We here aimed to decipher the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in inflammatory process in MDs. METHODS We investigated the levels of circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) in the serum of 104 patients with MDs. Immunofluorescence was performed in skeletal muscles in MDs and control. Biochemical analysis of muscle biopsies was conducted with western blot to detect cGAS, STING, TBK1, IRF3 and phosphorylated IRF3 (p-IRF3). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the downstream genes of type I interferon in skeletal muscles. Furthermore, a protein microarray was used to examine the cytokine levels in the serum of patients with MDs. RESULTS We found that ccf-mtDNA levels were significantly increased in those with MDs compared to the controls. Consistently, the immunofluorescent results showed that cytosolic dsDNA levels were increased in the muscle samples of MD patients. Biochemical analysis of muscle biopsies showed that cGAS, IRF3, and TBK1 protein levels were significantly increased in those with MDs, indicating that there was activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. RT-qPCR showed that downstream genes of type I interferon were upregulated in muscle samples of MDs. Protein microarray results showed that a total of six cytokines associated with the cGAS-STING pathway were significantly increased in MD patients (fold change > 1.2, p value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increases in ccf-mtDNA levels is associated with the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby triggering inflammation in MDs.
Collapse
|