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Zhu Y, Li X, Lei X, Tang L, Wen D, Zeng B, Zhang X, Huang Z, Guo Z. The potential mechanism and clinical application value of remote ischemic conditioning in stroke. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1613-1627. [PMID: 38845225 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may be related to neuroinflammation, cellular immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review summarizes the current status of different types of remote ischemic conditioning methods in animal and clinical studies and analyzes their commonalities and differences in neuroprotective mechanisms and signaling pathways. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for improving stroke-induced brain injury owing to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, safety, and patient tolerability. Different forms of remote ischemic conditioning exhibit distinct intervention patterns, timing, and application range. Mechanistically, remote ischemic conditioning can exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Notch1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, improving cerebral perfusion, suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating autophagy, and promoting neural regeneration. While remote ischemic conditioning has shown potential in improving stroke outcomes, its full clinical translation has not yet been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Luo W, Xu C, Li L, Ji Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Ye Y. Perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets reduce microglial activation through metabolic reprogramming. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1178-1191. [PMID: 38989955 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00032/figure1/v/2024-07-06T104127Z/r/image-tiff Microglia, the primary immune cells within the brain, have gained recognition as a promising therapeutic target for managing neurodegenerative diseases within the central nervous system, including Parkinson's disease. Nanoscale perfluorocarbon droplets have been reported to not only possess a high oxygen-carrying capacity, but also exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of perfluoropentane in microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (PFP-OLNDs) and found that pretreatment with these droplets suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of M1-type microglia in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed microglial activation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Microglial suppression led to a reduction in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell migration capacity in vitro. Consequently, the neurotoxic effects were mitigated, which alleviated neuronal degeneration. Additionally, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of PFP-OLNDs mainly resulted from the modulation of microglial metabolic reprogramming. We further showed that PFP-OLNDs regulated microglial metabolic reprogramming through the AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that the novel PFP-OLNDs constructed in this study alleviate microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions through metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxian Luo
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunxiang Ji
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingjia Li
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongyi Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang S, Taledaohan A, Tuohan M, Zhang J, Li Y, Song W, Wang Y, Liang X, Wu Q. Jinmaitong alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling in microglia of diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118442. [PMID: 38852640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jinmaitong (JMT) is a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine that is composed of 12 crude drugs. It has been used in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) for more than 30 years. AIM OF STUDY Microglia are thought to play an important role in neuropathic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of JMT against DNP and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in which the microglia and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were mainly involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of JMT was analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The diabetes model was constructed using 11 to 12-week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat (fa/fa). The model rats were divided into 5 groups and were given JMT at three dosages (11.6, 23.2, and 46.4 g/kg, respectively, calculated as the crude drug materials), JAK inhibitor AG490 (positive drug, 10 μg/day), and placebo (deionized water), respectively, for eight weeks (n = 6). Meanwhile, Zucker lean controls (fa/+) were given a placebo (n = 6). Body weight was tested weekly and blood glucose was monitored every 2 weeks. The mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia were assessed using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) tests. After treatment, the microglia activation marker Iba-1, CD11B, CD68, neuroinflammatory mediators, and mediators of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were compared between different groups. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. RESULTS We found that JMT significantly inhibited the overactivation of microglia in spinal cords, and suppressed neuroinflammation of DNP model rats, thereby ameliorating neurological dysfunction and injuries. Furthermore, these effects of JMT could be attributed to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that JMT effectively ameliorated DNP by modulating microglia activation via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The present study provided a basis for further research on the therapeutic strategies of DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Ayijiang Taledaohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Maermaer Tuohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Jiyi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yaoyang Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xiaochun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qunli Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Wang A, Zhong G, Ying M, Fang Z, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang C, Liu C, Guo Y. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome ameliorates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory injury in mice via PINK1/Parkin pathway. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110063. [PMID: 38972372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor dysfunction. The onset of PD is often accompanied by neuroinflammation and α-Synuclein aggregation, and extensive research has focused on the activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasomes in PD, which promotes the death of dopaminergic neurons. In this study, a model of cerebral inflammatory response was constructed in wild-type and Parkin+/- mice through bilateral intraventricular injection of LPS. LPS-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in wild-type mice promotes the progression of PD. The use of MCC950 in wild mice injected with LPS induces activation of Parkin/PINK and improves autophagy, which in turn improves mitochondrial turnover. It also inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses, improves motor function, protects dopaminergic neurons, and inhibits microglia activation. Furthermore, Parkin+/- mice exhibited motor dysfunction, loss of dopaminergic neurons, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and α-Synuclein aggregation beginning at an early age. Parkin ± mice exhibited more pronounced microglia activation, greater NLRP3 inflammasome activation, more severe autophagy dysfunction, and more pronounced motor dysfunction after LPS injection compared to wild-type mice. Notably, the use of MCC950 in Parkin ± mice did not ameliorate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, autophagy dysfunction, or α-synuclein aggregation. Thus, MCC950 can only exert its effects in the presence of Parkin/PINK1, and targeting Parkin-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is expected to be a potential therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Wang
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Guangshang Zhong
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Mengjiao Ying
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuling Fang
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Chunjing Wang
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China.
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Jiao H, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Microglia, circadian rhythm and lifestyle factors. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110029. [PMID: 38852838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, a vital homeostasis-keeper of the central nervous system, perform critical functions such as synaptic pruning, clearance of cellular debris, and participation in neuroinflammatory processes. Recent research has shown that microglia exhibit strong circadian rhythms that not only actively regulate their own immune activity, but also affect neuronal function. Disruptions of the circadian clock have been linked to a higher risk of developing a variety of diseases. In this article we will provide an overview of how lifestyle factors impact microglial function, with a focus on disruptions caused by irregular sleep-wake patterns, reduced physical activity, and eating at the wrong time-of-day. We will also discuss the potential connection between these lifestyle factors, disrupted circadian rhythms, and the role of microglia in keeping brain health. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sood R, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Rudrawar S, Hall S. Neuromodulatory effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176755. [PMID: 38909933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are central to the pathophysiology of asthma and various inflammatory disorders. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) effectively treat respiratory conditions by targeting cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2 subtypes. This review explores the multifaceted effects of LTs, extending beyond bronchoconstriction. CysLT receptors are not only present in the respiratory system but are also crucial in neuronal signaling pathways. LTRAs modulate these receptors, influencing downstream signaling, calcium levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) within neurons hinting at broader implications. Recent studies identify novel molecular targets, sparking interest in repurposing LTRAs for therapeutic use. Clinical trials are investigating their potential in neuroinflammation control, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). However, montelukast, a long-standing LTRA since 1998, raises concerns due to neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Despite widespread use, understanding montelukast's metabolism and underlying ADR mechanisms remains limited. This review comprehensively examines LTRAs' diverse biological effects, emphasizing non-bronchoconstrictive activities. It also analyses plausible mechanisms behind LTRAs' neuronal effects, offering insights into their potential as neurodegenerative disease modulators. The aim is to inform clinicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical developers about LTRAs' expanding roles, particularly in neuroinflammation control and their promising repurposing for neurodegenerative disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Sood
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | | | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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7
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Lozinski BM, Ta K, Dong Y. Emerging role of galectin 3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2004-2009. [PMID: 38227529 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are key processes that mediate the development and progression of neurological diseases. However, the mechanisms modulating these processes in different diseases remain incompletely understood. Advances in single cell based multi-omic analyses have helped to identify distinct molecular signatures such as Lgals3 that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Lgals3 encodes galectin-3 (Gal3), a β-galactoside and glycan binding glycoprotein that is frequently upregulated by reactive microglia/macrophages in the CNS during various neurological diseases. While Gal3 has previously been associated with non-CNS inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, recent studies highlight Gal3 as a prominent regulator of inflammation and neuroaxonal damage in the CNS during diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic functions of Gal3 and discuss evidence that demonstrates its detrimental role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during different neurological diseases. We also consider the challenges of translating preclinical observations into targeting Gal3 in the human CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Lozinski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Khanh Ta
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Salama RM, Darwish SF, Yehia R, Eissa N, Elmongy NF, Abd-Elgalil MM, Schaalan MF, El Wakeel SA. Apilarnil exerts neuroprotective effects and alleviates motor dysfunction by rebalancing M1/M2 microglia polarization, regulating miR-155 and miR-124 expression in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112536. [PMID: 38909495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Microglial activation contributes to the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibiting M1 while simultaneously boosting M2 microglia activation may therefore be a potential treatment for PD. Apilarnil (API) is a bee product produced from drone larvae. Recent research has demonstrated the protective effects of API on multiple body systems. Nevertheless, its impact on PD or the microglial M1/M2 pathway has not yet been investigated. Thus, we intended to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of API in rotenone (ROT)-induced PD rat model and explore the role of M1/M2 in mediating its effect. Seventy-two Wistar rats were equally grouped as; control, API, ROT, and groups in which API (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) was given simultaneously with ROT (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 28 days. The high dose of API (800 mg/kg) showed enhanced motor function, higher expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, less dopamine turnover and α-synuclein expression, and a better histopathological picture when compared to the ROT group and the lower two doses. API's high dose exerted its neuroprotective effects through abridging the M1 microglial activity, illustrated in the reduced expression of miR-155, Iba-1, CD36, CXCL10, and other pro-inflammatory markers' levels. Inversely, API high dose enhanced M2 microglial activity, witnessed in the elevated expression of miR-124, CD206, Ym1, Fizz1, arginase-1, and other anti-inflammatory indices, in comparison to the diseased group. To conclude, our study revealed a novel neuroprotective impact for API against experimentally induced PD, where the high dose showed the highest protection via rebalancing M1/M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rana Yehia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Abd-Elgalil
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Schaalan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
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Ibrahim A, Saleem N, Naseer F, Ahmed S, Munawar N, Nawaz R. From cytokines to chemokines: Understanding inflammatory signaling in bacterial meningitis. Mol Immunol 2024; 173:117-126. [PMID: 39116800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a serious central nervous system (CNS) infection, claiming millions of human lives annually around the globe. The deadly infection involves severe inflammation of the protective sheath of the brain, i.e., meninges, and sometimes also consists of the brain tissue, called meningoencephalitis. Several inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus suis, etc. are mentioned in the scientific literature. Many in-vitro and in-vivo analyses have shown that after the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), these pathogens trigger several inflammatory pathways including Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling in response to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor-mediated signaling, pneumolysin related signaling, NF-κB signaling and many other pathways that lead to pro-inflammatory cascade and subsequent cytokine release including interleukine (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) along with other mediators, leading to neuroinflammation. The activation of another protein complex, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, also takes place resulting in the maturation and release of IL-1β and IL-18, hence potentiating neuroinflammation. This review aims to outline the inflammatory signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis leading to extensive pathological changes in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and other central nervous system cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ibrahim
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Saleem
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rukhsana Nawaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Liu S, Zhou S. Lactate: A New Target for Brain Disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 552:100-111. [PMID: 38936457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Lactate in the brain is produced endogenously and exogenously. The primary functional cells that produce lactate in the brain are astrocytes. Astrocytes release lactate to act on neurons, thereby affecting neuronal function, through a process known as the astrocyte-neuron shuttle. Lactate affects microglial function as well and inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Lactate also provides energy, acts as a signaling molecule, and promotes neurogenesis. This article summarizes the role of lactate in cells, animals, and humans. Lactate is a protective molecule against stress in healthy organisms and in the early stages of brain disorders. Thus, lactate may be a potential therapeutic target for brain disorders. Further research on the role of lactate in microglia may have great prospects. This article provides a new perspective and research direction for the study of lacate in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Basic Medical College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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Jia Y, Dang W, Zhang X, Mi Y, Guo T, Mu D, Zhou D, Chen G, Hou Y, Li N. Characteristic terpenylated coumarins from Ferula ferulaeoides as potential inhibitors on overactivation of microglia. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107484. [PMID: 38810482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A total of 37 characteristic terpenylated coumarins (1-25), including 17 undescribed compounds (1-5, 6a/6b, 7-10, 11a/11b-13a/13b), have been isolated from the root of Ferula ferulaeoides. Meanwhile, twelve pairs of enantiomers (6a/6b, 11a/11b-15a/15b, 17a/17b, 18a/18b, 20a/20b-22a/22b, and 25a/25b) were chirally purified. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated using HRESIMS, UV, NMR, and calculated 13C NMR with a custom DP4 + analysis. The absolute configurations of all the compounds were determined for the first time using electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Then, their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated with LPS-induced BV-2 microglia. Compared with the positive control minocycline (IC50 = 59.3 μM), ferulaferone B (2) exhibited stronger inhibitory potency with an IC50 value of 12.4 μM. The immunofluorescence investigation indicated that ferulaferone B (2) could inhibit Iba-1 expression in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewen Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wen Dang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Danyang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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12
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Papageorgakopoulou MA, Bania A, Lagogianni IA, Birmpas K, Assimakopoulou M. The Role of Glia Telomere Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5868-5881. [PMID: 38240992 PMCID: PMC11249767 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining the telomere length is decisive for the viability and homeostasis process of all the cells of an organism, including human glial cells. Telomere shortening of microglial cells has been widely associated with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, traumatic brain injury appears to have a positive correlation with the telomere-shortening process of microglia, and telomere length can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for the clinical management of these patients. Moreover, telomere involvement through telomerase reactivation and homologous recombination also known as the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) has been described in gliomagenesis pathways, and particular focus has been given in the translational significance of these mechanisms in gliomas diagnosis and prognostic classification. Finally, glia telomere shortening is implicated in some psychiatric diseases. Given that telomere dysfunction of glial cells is involved in the central nervous system (CNS) disease pathogenesis, it represents a promising drug target that could lead to the incorporation of new tools in the medicinal arsenal for the management of so far incurable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina Bania
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Martha Assimakopoulou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Preclinical Medicine Department Building, 1 Asklipiou, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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13
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Lu YS, Hung WC, Hsieh YT, Tsai PY, Tsai TH, Fan HH, Chang YG, Cheng HK, Huang SY, Lin HC, Lee YH, Shen TH, Hung BY, Tsai JW, Dzhagalov I, Cheng IHJ, Lin CJ, Chern Y, Hsu CL. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 supports microglial functions and protects against the progression of Huntington's disease in the mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:413-429. [PMID: 38925413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. Currently, there is no cure, and only limited treatments are available to manage the symptoms and to slow down the disease's progression. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of HD's pathogenesis are complex, involving immune cell activation, altered protein turnover, and disturbance in brain energy homeostasis. Microglia have been known to play a dual role in HD, contributing to neurodegeneration through inflammation but also enacting neuroprotective effects by clearing mHTT aggregates. However, little is known about the contribution of microglial metabolism to HD progression. This study explores the impact of a microglial metabolite transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), in HD. Known as a lysosomal membrane transporter protein, ENT3 is highly enriched in microglia, with its expression correlated with HD severity. Using the R6/2 ENT3-/- mouse model, we found that the deletion of ENT3 increases microglia numbers yet worsens HD progression, leading to mHTT accumulation, cell death, and disturbed energy metabolism. These results suggest that the delicate balance between microglial metabolism and function is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis and that ENT3 has a protective role in ameliorating neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Sui Lu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Hung
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsien Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Han Fan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Gin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kuei Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chuan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hua Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiang Shen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Hung
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ivan Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Irene Han-Juo Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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You M, Chen N, Yang Y, Cheng L, He H, Cai Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Hong G. The gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorders. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e656. [PMID: 39036341 PMCID: PMC11260174 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a bidirectional communication between human gut microbiota and the brain, known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA influences the host's nervous system development, emotional regulation, and cognitive function through neurotransmitters, immune modulation, and metabolic pathways. Factors like diet, lifestyle, genetics, and environment shape the gut microbiota composition together. Most research have explored how gut microbiota regulates host physiology and its potential in preventing and treating neurological disorders. However, the individual heterogeneity of gut microbiota, strains playing a dominant role in neurological diseases, and the interactions of these microbial metabolites with the central/peripheral nervous systems still need exploration. This review summarizes the potential role of gut microbiota in driving neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), and mood disorders (anxiety and depression) in recent years and discusses the current clinical and preclinical gut microbe-based interventions, including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. It also puts forward the current insufficient research on gut microbiota in neurological disorders and provides a framework for further research on neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming You
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Nan Chen
- Master of Public HealthSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Lingjun Cheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Hongzhang He
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yanhua Cai
- Master of Public HealthSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yating Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Haiyue Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Guolin Hong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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15
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Li H, Guan M, Zhang NN, Wang Y, Liang T, Wu H, Wang C, Sun T, Liu S. Harnessing nanomedicine for modulating microglial states in the central nervous system disorders: Challenges and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117011. [PMID: 38917758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to pathological events in the central nervous system (CNS). Their dynamic and multidimensional states in different environments are pivotal factors in various CNS disorders. However, therapeutic modulation of microglial states is challenging due to the intricate balance these cells maintain in the CNS environment and the blood-brain barrier's restriction of drug delivery. Nanomedicine presents a promising avenue for addressing these challenges, offering a method for the targeted and efficient modulation of microglial states. This review covers the challenges faced in microglial therapeutic modulation and potential use of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. We provide an in-depth examination of nanoparticle applications for modulating microglial states in a range of CNS disorders, encompassing neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, infections, traumatic injuries, stroke, tumors, chronic pain, and psychiatric conditions. This review highlights the recent advancements and future prospects in nanomedicine for microglial modulation, paving the way for future research and clinical applications of therapeutic interventions in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Guan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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16
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Cai P, Li W, Xu Y, Wang H. Drp1 and neuroinflammation: Deciphering the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106561. [PMID: 38857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely intertwined with the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Recent studies have elucidated profound alterations in mitochondrial dynamics across a spectrum of neurological disorders. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) emerges as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial fission, with its dysregulation disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and fueling neuroinflammation, thereby exacerbating disease severity. In addition to its role in mitochondrial dynamics, DRP1 plays a crucial role in modulating inflammation-related pathways. This review synthesizes important functions of DRP1 in the central nervous system (CNS) and the impact of epigenetic modification on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and DRP1 in microglia and astrocytes, central contributors to neuroinflammation, is expounded upon. Furthermore, the use of DRP1 inhibitors to influence the activation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as their involvement in processes such as mitophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium ion transport in CNS-mediated neuroinflammation, is scrutinized. The modulation of microglia to astrocyte crosstalk by DRP1 and its role in inflammatory neurodegeneration is also highlighted. Overall, targeting DRP1 presents a promising avenue for ameliorating neuroinflammation and enhancing the therapeutic management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China..
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17
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Zhang Y, Li D, Gao H, Zhao H, Zhang S, Li T. Rapamycin Alleviates Neuronal Injury and Modulates Microglial Activation After Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5699-5717. [PMID: 38224443 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Neurons and microglia are sensitive to cerebral microcirculation and their responses play a crucial part in the pathological processes, while they are also the main target cells of many drugs used to treat brain diseases. Rapamycin exhibits beneficial effects in many diseases; however, whether it can affect neuronal injury or alter the microglial activation after global cerebral ischemia remains unclear. In this study, we performed global cerebral ischemia combined with rapamycin treatment in CX3CR1GFP/+ mice and explored the effects of rapamycin on neuronal deficit and microglial activation. Our results showed that rapamycin reduced neuronal loss, neurodegeneration, and ultrastructural damage after ischemia by histological staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interestingly, rapamycin suppressed de-ramification and proliferation of microglia and reduced the density of microglia. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that rapamycin skewed microglial polarization toward an anti-inflammatory state. Furthermore, rapamycin as well suppressed the activation of astrocytes. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory factors as well as an elevation of anti-inflammatory factors upon rapamycin treatment. As a result of these effects, behavioral tests showed that rapamycin significantly alleviated the brain injury after stroke. Together, our study suggested that rapamycin attenuated neuronal injury, altered microglial activation state, and provided a more beneficial immune microenvironment for the brain, which could be used as a promising therapeutic approach to treat ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Donghai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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18
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Alkhazaali-Ali Z, Sahab-Negah S, Boroumand AR, Tavakol-Afshari J. MicroRNA (miRNA) as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics molecules in neurodegenerative disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116899. [PMID: 38889636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) that arise due to numerous causes like protein accumulation and autoimmunity characterized by neurologic depletion which lead to incapacity in normal physiological function such as thinking and movement in these patients. Glial cells perform an important role in protective neuronal function; in the case of neuroinflammation, glial cell dysfunction can promote the development of neurodegenerative diseases. miRNA that participates in gene regulation and plays a vital role in many biological processes in the body; in the central nervous system (CNS), it can play an essential part in neural maturation and differentiation. In neurodegenerative diseases, miRNA dysregulation occurs, enhancing the development of these diseases. In this review, we discuss neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS)) and how miRNA is preserved as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic agent in these disorders. Finally, we highlight miRNA as therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alkhazaali-Ali
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Boroumand
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Tavakol-Afshari
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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19
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Pramanik S, Harini Devi M, Chakrabarty S, Paylar B, Pradhan A, Thaker M, Ayyadhury S, Manavalan A, Olsson PE, Pramanik G, Heese K. Microglia Signaling in Health and Disease - Implications in Sex-Specific Brain Development and Plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024:105834. [PMID: 39084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the intrinsic neuroimmune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), exert a pivotal influence on brain development, homeostasis, and functionality, encompassing critical roles during both aging and pathological states. Recent advancements in comprehending brain plasticity and functions have spotlighted conspicuous variances between male and female brains, notably in neurogenesis, neuronal myelination, axon fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise impact of microglia on sex-specific brain cell plasticity, sculpting diverse neural network architectures and circuits, remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to unravel the present understanding of microglial involvement in brain development, plasticity, and function, with a specific emphasis on microglial signaling in brain sex polymorphism. Commencing with an overview of microglia in the CNS and their associated signaling cascades, we subsequently probe recent revelations regarding molecular signaling by microglia in sex-dependent brain developmental plasticity, functions, and diseases. Notably, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), calcium (Ca2+), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) emerge as molecular candidates significantly contributing to sex-dependent brain development and plasticity. In conclusion, we address burgeoning inquiries surrounding microglia's pivotal role in the functional diversity of developing and aging brains, contemplating their potential implications for gender-tailored therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - M Harini Devi
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Saswata Chakrabarty
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Berkay Paylar
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Inc., 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster 17601, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arulmani Manavalan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Gopal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133791, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Liu J, Zhao W, Guo J, Kang K, Li H, Yang X, Li J, Wang Q, Qiao H. Electroacupuncture alleviates motor dysfunction by regulating neuromuscular junction disruption and neuronal degeneration in SOD1 G93A mice. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111036. [PMID: 39084570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and the degeneration of motor neurons, eventually leading to atrophy and paralysis of voluntary muscles responsible for motion and breathing. NMJs, synaptic connections between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers, are extremely fragile in ALS. To determine the effects of early electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on nerve reinnervation and regeneration following injury, a model of sciatic nerve injury (SNI) was first established using SOD1G93A mice, and early electroacupuncture (EA) intervention was conducted at Baihui (DU20), and bilateral Zusanli (ST36). The results revealed that EA increased the Sciatic nerve Functional Index, the structural integrity of the gastrocnemius muscles, and the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, as well as up-regulated the expression of acetylcholinesterase and facilitated the co-location of α7 nicotinic acetate choline receptors and α-actinin. Overall, these results suggested that EA can promote the repair and regeneration of injured nerves and delay NMJ degeneration in SOD1G93A-SNI mice. Moreover, analysis of the cerebral cortex demonstrated that EA alleviated cortical motor neuron damage in SOD1G93A mice, potentially attributed to the inhibition of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathway and the release of interferon-β suppressing the activation of natural killer cells and the secretion of interferon-γ, thereby further inhibiting microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory factors. In summary, EA delayed the degeneration of NMJ and mitigated the loss of cortical motor neurons, thus delaying disease onset, accompanied by alleviation of muscle atrophy and improvements in motor function in SOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Weijia Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medicine College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jie Guo
- The Second Clinical Medicine College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Kaiwen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medicine College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Drug Combination, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Haifa Qiao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Drug Combination, Xianyang 712046, China.
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21
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Wu X, Liu M, Zhang X, Pan X, Cui X, Jin J, Sun H, Xiao C, Tong X, Ren L, Wang Y, Cao X. Elucidating Microglial Heterogeneity and Functions in Alzheimer's Disease Using Single-cell Analysis and Convolutional Neural Network Disease Model Construction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17271. [PMID: 39068182 PMCID: PMC11283484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an in-depth exploration of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by integrating state-of-the-art methodologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Focusing on the pivotal role of microglia in AD pathology, our analysis revealed 11 distinct microglial subclusters, with 4 exhibiting obviously alterations in AD and HC groups. The investigation of cell-cell communication networks unveiled intricate interactions between AD-related microglia and various cell types within the central nervous system (CNS). Integration of WGCNA and scRNA-seq facilitated the identification of critical genes associated with AD-related microglia, providing insights into their involvement in processes such as peptide chain elongation, synapse-related functions, and cell adhesion. The identification of 9 hub genes, including USP3, through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and COX regression analyses, presents potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the development of a CNN-based model showcases the application of deep learning in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for AD. Overall, our findings significantly contribute to unraveling the molecular intricacies of microglial responses in AD, offering promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions and improved diagnostic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiahui Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Huanan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chuyu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiangyi Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Liou Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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22
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Bedwell L, Mavrotas M, Demchenko N, Yaa RM, Willis B, Demianova Z, Syed N, Whitwell HJ, Nott A. FANS Unfixed: Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Cell Type-Specific Brain Nuclei. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 39056441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic-mediated gene regulation orchestrates brain cell-type gene expression programs, and epigenetic dysregulation is a major driver of aging and disease-associated changes. Proteins that mediate gene regulation are mostly localized to the nucleus; however, nuclear-localized proteins are often underrepresented in gene expression studies and have been understudied in the context of the brain. To address this challenge, we have optimized an approach for nuclei isolation that is compatible with proteomic analysis. This was coupled to a mass spectrometry protocol for detecting proteins in low-concentration samples. We have generated nuclear proteomes for neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes from the mouse brain cortex and identified cell-type nuclear proteins associated with chromatin structure and organization, chromatin modifiers such as transcription factors, and RNA-binding proteins, among others. Our nuclear proteomics platform paves the way for assessing brain cell type changes in the nuclear proteome across health and disease, such as neurodevelopmental, aging, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory conditions. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD053515.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Bedwell
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Myrto Mavrotas
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Nikita Demchenko
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Reuben M Yaa
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Brittannie Willis
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | | | - Nelofer Syed
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Harry J Whitwell
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Alexi Nott
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
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23
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Rana AK, Bhatt B, Kumar M. β-Hydroxybutyrate Improves the Redox Status, Cytokine Production and Phagocytic Potency of Glucose-Deprived HMC3 Human Microglia-like Cells. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 39042253 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Brain glucose deprivation is a component of the pathophysiology of ischemia, glucose transporter1 (GLUT1) deficiency, neurological disorders and occurs transiently in diabetes. Microglia, the neuroimmune cells must function effectively to offer immune defence and debris removal in low-energy settings. Brain glucose deprivation may compromise microglial functions further escalating the disease pathology and deteriorating the overall mental health. In the current study, HMC3 human microglia-like cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to glucose deprivation to investigate the effects of glucose deprivation on phenotypic state, redox status, secretion of cytokines and phagocytic capabilities of HMC3 cells. However, HMC3 cells were able to proliferate in the absence of glucose but showed signs of redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by decreased MTT reduction and Mito Tracker™ staining of cells, along with a concomitant reduction in NOX2 protein, superoxide, and nitrite levels. Reduced levels of secreted TNF and IL-1β were the signs of compromised cytokine secretion by glucose-deprived HMC3 microglia-like cells. Moreover, glucose-deprived HMC3 cells also showed reduced phagocytic activity as assessed by fluorescently labelled latex beads-based functional phagocytosis assay. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) supplementation restored the redox status, mitochondrial health, cytokine secretion, and phagocytic activity of glucose-deprived HMC3 microglia-like cells. Overall, impaired brain glucose metabolism may hinder microglia's capacity to release diffusible immune factors and perform phagocytosis. This could escalate the mental health issues in neurological diseases where brain glucose metabolism is compromised. Moreover, nutritional ketosis or exogenous ketone supplementation such as BHB may be utilized as a potential metabolic therapies for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Rana
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Babita Bhatt
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, 140306, India.
- Adjunct faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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24
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Scheiblich H, Eikens F, Wischhof L, Opitz S, Jüngling K, Cserép C, Schmidt SV, Lambertz J, Bellande T, Pósfai B, Geck C, Spitzer J, Odainic A, Castro-Gomez S, Schwartz S, Boussaad I, Krüger R, Glaab E, Di Monte DA, Bano D, Dénes Á, Latz E, Melki R, Pape HC, Heneka MT. Microglia rescue neurons from aggregate-induced neuronal dysfunction and death through tunneling nanotubes. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00491-4. [PMID: 39059388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are crucial for maintaining brain health and neuron function. Here, we report that microglia establish connections with neurons using tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in both physiological and pathological conditions. These TNTs facilitate the rapid exchange of organelles, vesicles, and proteins. In neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, toxic aggregates of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and tau accumulate within neurons. Our research demonstrates that microglia use TNTs to extract neurons from these aggregates, restoring neuronal health. Additionally, microglia share their healthy mitochondria with burdened neurons, reducing oxidative stress and normalizing gene expression. Disrupting mitochondrial function with antimycin A before TNT formation eliminates this neuroprotection. Moreover, co-culturing neurons with microglia and promoting TNT formation rescues suppressed neuronal activity caused by α-syn or tau aggregates. Notably, TNT-mediated aggregate transfer is compromised in microglia carrying Lrrk22(Gly2019Ser) or Trem2(T66M) and (R47H) mutations, suggesting a role in the pathology of these gene variants in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Scheiblich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Eikens
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Opitz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tracy Bellande
- Institut François Jacob, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte Geck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jasper Spitzer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandru Odainic
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eike Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; Institute of innate immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Institute of innate immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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25
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Hou X, Xiao S, Xu X, Qin M, Cheng X, Xu X. Glycoprotein Non-metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) Protects Against Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Loss in Pilocarpine-induced Epilepsy via the Regulation of Microglial Polarization. Neuroscience 2024; 551:166-176. [PMID: 38782114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease highlighted by recurrent seizures, neuroinflammation, and the loss of neurons. Microglial dysfunction is commonly found in epileptic foci and contributes to neuroinflammation in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been involved in the microglial activation and neuroinflammation response. The present study investigated the functional significance of GPNMB in epilepsy. A proven model of epilepsy was established by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine to male Sprague Dawley rats. Lentivirus vectors carrying GPNMB or GPNMB short hairpin RNA (shGPNMB) were injected into the hippocampus to induce overexpression or knockdown of GPNMB. GPNMB expression was significantly upregulated and overexpression of GPNMB in the hippocampus reduced seizure activity and neuronal loss after status epilepticus (SE). We here focused on the effects of GPNMB deficiency on neuronal injury and microglia polarization 28 days after SE. GPNMB knockdown accelerated neuronal damage in the hippocampus, evidenced by increased neuron loss and neuronal cell apoptosis. Following GPNMB knockdown, M1 polarization (iNOS) and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were increased, and M2 polarization (Arg1) and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were decreased. BV2 cells were used to further confirm the regulatory role of GPNMB in modulating phenotypic transformations and inflammatory cytokine expressions in microglia. In conclusion, these results indicated that GPNMB suppressed epilepsy through repression of hippocampal neuroinflammation, suggesting that GPNMB might be considered the potential neurotherapeutic target for epilepsy management and play a protective role against epilepsy by modulating the polarization of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Xiao
- Ward of Neonatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuebing Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiangping Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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26
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O'Hora KP, Amir CM, Chiem E, Schleifer CH, Grigoryan V, Kushan-Wells L, Chiang JJ, Cole S, Irwin MR, Bearden CE. Differential inflammatory profiles in carriers of reciprocal 22q11.2 copy number variants. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 169:107135. [PMID: 39116521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic copy number variants (CNVs; i.e., a deletion or duplication) at the 22q11.2 locus confer increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders and immune dysfunction. Inflammatory profiles of 22q11.2 CNV carriers can shed light on gene-immune relationships that may be related to neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, little is known about inflammation and its relationship to clinical phenotypes in 22q11.2 CNV carriers. Here, we investigate differences in peripheral inflammatory markers in 22q11.2 CNV carriers and explore their relationship with psychosis risk symptoms and sleep disturbance. METHODS Blood samples and clinical assessments were collected from 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) carriers (n=45), 22q11.2 duplication (22qDup) carriers (n=29), and typically developing (TD) control participants (n=92). Blood plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using a MesoScale Discovery multiplex immunoassay. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, sex, and body mass index were used to: a) examine group differences in inflammatory markers between 22qDel, 22qDup, and TD controls, b) test differences in inflammatory markers between 22qDel carriers with psychosis risk symptoms (22qDelPS+) and those without (22qDelPS-), and c) conduct an exploratory analysis testing the effect of sleep disturbance on inflammation in 22qDel and 22qDup carriers. A false discovery rate correction was used to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS 22qDup carriers exhibited significantly elevated levels of IL-8 relative to TD controls (q<0.001) and marginally elevated IL-8 levels relative to 22qDel carriers (q=0.08). There were no other significant differences in inflammatory markers between the three groups (q>0.13). 22qDelPS+ exhibited increased levels of IL-8 relative to both 22qDelPS- (q=0.02) and TD controls (p=0.002). There were no relationships between sleep and inflammatory markers that survived FDR correction (q>0.14). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CNVs at the 22q11.2 locus may have differential effects on inflammatory processes related to IL-8, a key mediator of inflammation produced by macrophages and microglia. Further, these IL-8-mediated inflammatory processes may be related to psychosis risk symptoms in 22qDel carriers. Additional research is required to understand the mechanisms contributing to these differential levels of IL-8 between 22q11.2 CNV carriers and IL-8's association with psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P O'Hora
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Amir
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Chiem
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles H Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vardui Grigoryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Yin Y, Ju T, Zeng D, Duan F, Zhu Y, Liu J, Li Y, Lu W. "Inflamed" depression: A review of the interactions between depression and inflammation and current anti-inflammatory strategies for depression. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107322. [PMID: 39038630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder, the effective treatment of which remains a challenging issue worldwide. The clinical pathogenesis of depression has been deeply explored, leading to the formulation of various pathogenic hypotheses. Among these, the monoamine neurotransmitter hypothesis holds a prominent position, yet it has significant limitations as more than one-third of patients do not respond to conventional treatments targeting monoamine transmission disturbances. Over the past few decades, a growing body of research has highlighted the link between inflammation and depression as a potential key factor in the pathophysiology of depression. In this review, we first summarize the relationship between inflammation and depression, with a focus on the pathophysiological changes mediated by inflammation in depression. The mechanisms linking inflammation to depression as well as multiple anti-inflammatory strategies are also discussed, and their efficacy and safety are assessed. This review broadens the perspective on specific aspects of using anti-inflammatory strategies for treating depression, laying the groundwork for advancing precision medicine for individuals suffering from "inflamed" depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yin
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ting Ju
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Deyong Zeng
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fangyuan Duan
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junlian Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
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28
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Ban F, Zhou L, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Aspergillusidone G Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polaprezinc in LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Study. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:324. [PMID: 39057433 PMCID: PMC11278036 DOI: 10.3390/md22070324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the main mechanisms involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and microglial activation is the main feature of neuroinflammation. Polaprezinc (Pol), a chelator of L-carnosine and zinc, is widely used as a clinical drug for gastric ulcers. However, its potential effects on NDs remain unexplored. In LPS-induced BV-2 microglia, we found that Pol reduced the generation of NO and ROS and revealed inhibited expression of iNOS, COX-2, and inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, and 1L-1β by Pol using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. These effects were found to be associated with the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, we evaluated the potential synergistic effects of aspergillusidone G (Asp G) when combined with Pol. Remarkably, co-treatment with low doses of Asp G enhanced the NO inhibition by Pol from approximately 30% to 80% in LPS-induced BV2 microglia, indicating a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. A bioinformatics analysis suggested that the synergistic mechanism of Asp G and Pol might be attributed to several targets, including NFκB1, NRF2, ABL1, TLR4, and PPARα. These findings highlight the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Pol and its enhanced efficacy when combined with Asp G, proposing a novel therapeutic strategy for managing neuroinflammation in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ban
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Center for Modern Agricultural Scientific Innovation, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.B.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Longjian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Center for Modern Agricultural Scientific Innovation, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.B.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Center for Modern Agricultural Scientific Innovation, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.B.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yayue Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Center for Modern Agricultural Scientific Innovation, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.B.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Center for Modern Agricultural Scientific Innovation, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.B.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Lin B, Zhou Y, Huang Z, Ma M, Qi M, Jiang Z, Li G, Xu Y, Yan J, Wang D, Wang X, Jiang W, Zhou R. GPR34 senses demyelination to promote neuroinflammation and pathologies. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01204-3. [PMID: 39030423 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterile neuroinflammation is a major driver of multiple neurological diseases. Myelin debris can act as an inflammatory stimulus to promote inflammation and pathologies, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we showed that lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS)-GPR34 axis played a critical role in microglia-mediated myelin debris sensing and the subsequent neuroinflammation. Myelin debris-induced microglia activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression relied on its lipid component LysoPS. Both myelin debris and LysoPS promoted microglia activation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines via GPR34 and its downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK signaling. In vivo, reducing the content of LysoPS in myelin or inhibition of GPR34 with genetic or pharmacological approaches reduced neuroinflammation and pathologies in the mouse models of multiple sclerosis and stroke. Thus, our results identify GPR34 as a key receptor to sense demyelination and CNS damage and promote neuroinflammation, and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for demyelination-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Lin
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zonghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Minghui Qi
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yueli Xu
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxian Yan
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Wang Z, Liu J, Han J, Zhang T, Li S, Hou Y, Su H, Han F, Zhang C. Herpes simplex virus 1 accelerates the progression of Alzheimer's disease by modulating microglial phagocytosis and activating NLRP3 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:176. [PMID: 39026249 PMCID: PMC11264637 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been linked to the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HSV-1 infection induces β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in vitro and in vivo, but the effect and precise mechanism remain elusive. Here, we show that HSV-1 infection of the brains of transgenic 5xFAD mice resulted in accelerated Aβ deposition, gliosis, and cognitive dysfunction. We demonstrate that HSV-1 infection induced the recruitment of microglia to the viral core to trigger microglial phagocytosis of HSV-GFP-positive neuronal cells. In addition, we reveal that the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway induced by HSV-1 infection played a crucial role in Aβ deposition and the progression of AD caused by HSV-1 infection. Blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling reduces Aβ deposition and alleviates cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice after HSV-1 infection. Our findings support the notion that HSV-1 infection is a key factor in the etiology of AD, demonstrating that NLRP3 inflammasome activation functions in the interface of HSV-1 infection and Aβ deposition in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological Structure, SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological Structure, SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shangjin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanfei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huili Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fangping Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Conggang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological Structure, SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Garg S, Jana A, Khan J, Gupta S, Roy R, Gupta V, Ghosh S. Logic "AND Gate Circuit" Based Mussel Inspired Polydopamine Nanocomposite as Bioactive Antioxidant for Management of Oxidative Stress and Neurogenesis in Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36168-36193. [PMID: 38954488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In the intricate landscape of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), the management of TBI remains a challenging task due to the extremely complex pathophysiological conditions and excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the injury site and the limited regenerative capacities of the central nervous system (CNS). Existing pharmaceutical interventions are limited in their ability to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and expeditiously target areas of brain inflammation. In response to these challenges herein, we designed novel mussel inspired polydopamine (PDA)-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PDA-AMSNs) with excellent antioxidative ability to deliver a new potential therapeutic GSK-3β inhibitor lead small molecule abbreviated as Neuro Chemical Modulator (NCM) at the TBI site using a neuroprotective peptide hydrogel (PANAP). PDA-AMSNs loaded with NCM (i.e., PDA-AMSN-D) into the matrix of PANAP were injected into the damaged area in an in vivo cryogenic brain injury model (CBI). This approach is specifically built while keeping the logic AND gate circuit as the primary focus. Where NCM and PDA-AMSNs act as two input signals and neurological functional recovery as a single output. Therapeutically, PDA-AMSN-D significantly decreased infarct volume, enhanced neurogenesis, rejuvenated BBB senescence, and accelerated neurological function recovery in a CBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Garg
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Aniket Jana
- Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Juhee Khan
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanju Gupta
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
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Majumdar A, Siva Venkatesh IP, Swarup V, Basu A. Short-chain fatty acids abrogate Japanese encephalitis virus-induced inflammation in microglial cells via miR-200a-3p/ZBTB20/IKβα axis. mBio 2024; 15:e0132124. [PMID: 38869276 PMCID: PMC11253640 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01321-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in humans. Survivors of this infection often develop lifelong neurological sequelae. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced in the gut are vital mediators of the gut-brain axis. We aimed to study microRNA-based mechanisms of SCFAs in an in vitro model of JEV infection. N9 microglial cells were pretreated with SCFA cocktail before JEV infection. Cytokine bead analysis, immunoblotting, and PCR were performed to analyze relevant inflammatory markers. microRNA sequencing was performed using Illumina Hiseq, and bioinformatics tools were used for differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). microRNA mimic/inhibitor experiments and luciferase assay were performed to study miRNA-target interaction. A significant reduction in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) along with reduced expression of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (phospho-NF-κB) was observed in SCFA conditions. Significant attenuation of histone deacetylase activity and protein expression was recorded. miRNA sequencing revealed 160 DE miRNAs in SCFA + JEV-treated cells at 6 h post-infection. WGCNA revealed miR-200a-3p, a hub miRNA significantly upregulated in SCFA conditions. Transcription factor ZBTB20 was bioinformatically predicted and validated as a gene target for miR-200a-3p. Further miRNA mimic/inhibitor assay demonstrated that miR-200-3p regulated ZBTB20 along with Iκβα that possibly dampened NF-κB signal activation downstream. IMPORTANCE The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in the physiological state of an organism. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are known to play a role in brain disorders including neuroviral infections. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) appear to quench inflammatory markers in Japanese encephalitis virus-infected microglial cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate the interaction between miR-200a-3p and ZBTB20 in regulating the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via transcriptional regulation of Iκβα. Findings of this study pave the way to a better understanding of SCFA mechanisms that can be used to develop strategies against viral neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
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Qian M, Zhong J, Lu Z, Zhang W, Weng M, Zhang K, Jin Y. Bibliometric Analysis of TREM2 (2001-2022): Trends, Hotspots and Prospects in Human Disease. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1852-1865. [PMID: 39113887 PMCID: PMC11302561 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.96851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a transmembrane receptor, has garnered extensive research attention due to its pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Despite the abundance of studies on its function, there is a gap in comprehensive analysis and summarization of the current state of this research field. Methods: Articles and reviews related to TREM2 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) on October 1, 2023. A bibliometric analysis of TREM2 was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometrix (R package). Results: A total of 1,502 articles, spanning from 2001 to 2022, met the search criteria. The number of publications and citations has increased steadily over the years. The United States and China are the most active countries in TREM2 research, with the University of Washington as the leading research institution. The most influential journal in the field is Neurology of Aging. The predominant research areas include molecular, biology and immunology. Alzheimer's disease, microglia, variants, and inflammation are significant keywords. Emerging directions such as metabolism and tumor microenvironment have recently gained attention in numerous studies. Conclusion: The current study utilizes bibliometric analysis software and visual graphics to intuitively highlight TREM2-related hotspots, trends, and prospects in human disease. Such insights are valuable for scholars seeking a deeper understanding of TREM2-related research progress, enabling a focused approach to its application in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongteng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengcao Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
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Ou Z, Cheng Y, Ma H, Chen K, Lin Q, Chen J, Guo R, Huang Z, Cheng Q, Alaeiilkhchi N, Zhu Q, Huang Z, Jiang H. miR-223 accelerates lipid droplets clearance in microglia following spinal cord injury by upregulating ABCA1. J Transl Med 2024; 22:659. [PMID: 39010173 PMCID: PMC11247820 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by extensive demyelination and inflammatory responses. Facilitating the clearance of lipid droplets (LDs) within microglia contributes to creating a microenvironment that favors neural recovery and provides essential materials for subsequent remyelination. Therefore, investigating MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lipid homeostasis after SCI and elucidating their potential mechanisms in promoting LDs clearance in microglia have become focal points of SCI research. METHODS We established a subacute C5 hemicontusion SCI model in mice and performed transcriptomic sequencing on the injury epicenter to identify differentially expressed genes and associated pathways. Confocal imaging was employed to observe LDs accumulation. Multi-omics analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA post-SCI. Pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed using bioinformatics methods, revealing miR-223-Abca1 as a crucial miRNA-mRNA pair in lipid metabolism regulation. BV2 microglia cell lines overexpressing miR-223 were engineered, and immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and other techniques were employed to assess LDs accumulation, relevant targets, and inflammatory factor expression, confirming its role in regulating lipid homeostasis in microglia. RESULTS Histopathological results of our hemicontusion SCI model confirmed LDs aggregation at the injury epicenter, predominantly within microglia. Our transcriptomic analysis during the subacute phase of SCI in mice implicated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (Abca1) as a pivotal gene in lipid homeostasis, cholesterol efflux and microglial activation. Integrative mRNA-miRNA multi-omics analysis highlighted the crucial role of miR-223 in the neuroinflammation process following SCI, potentially through the regulation of lipid metabolism via Abca1. In vitro experiments using BV2 cells overexpressing miR-223 demonstrated that elevated levels of miR-223 enhance ABCA1 expression in myelin debris and LPS-induced BV2 cells. This promotes myelin debris degradation and LDs clearance, and induces a shift toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study unveils the critical regulatory role of miR-223 in lipid homeostasis following SCI. The mechanism by which this occurs involves the upregulation of ABCA1 expression, which facilitates LDs clearance and myelin debris degradation, consequently alleviating the lipid burden, and inhibiting inflammatory polarization of microglia. These findings suggest that strategies to enhance miR-223 expression and target ABCA1, thereby augmenting LDs clearance, may emerge as appealing new clinical targets for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Ou
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Cheng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruqin Guo
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qixian Cheng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Nima Alaeiilkhchi
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zucheng Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Ni Y, Hu Y, Zhu L, Jiang X, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhao Y. Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide-Derived Nanoparticles Protect Visual Function by Inhibiting RGC Ferroptosis and Microglial Activation in Retinal Ischemia‒Reperfusion Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304285. [PMID: 38994661 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia‒reperfusion (IR) is a major contributor to vision impairment and irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury or loss. Contemporary therapeutic approaches predominantly focus on the amelioration of symptoms rather than addressing the fundamental etiological factors. Oxidative stress is a notable feature and an important mediator of IR damage. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum, has various pharmacological effects, including antioxidation, immunoregulation, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, the ROS-consumable moiety phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBA) is introduced to LBP molecules, which can self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. This nanoparticle (termed PLBP) can reduce the cellular ROS levels and enhance the antioxidant capability of RGCs by activating the NRF2 pathway, thus protecting RGCs from ferroptosis and preserving visual function in response to IR injury. PLBP also reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the ability of microglia to phagocytose, migrate, secrete inflammatory cytokines, and activate the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, this approach can be used as an inspiration for the future development of neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lijia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Shippy DC, Evered AH, Ulland TK. Ketone body metabolism and the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38989642 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder and the most common form of dementia. AD pathology is characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively. Neuroinflammation has been shown to drive Aβ and tau pathology, with evidence suggesting the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a key pathway in AD pathogenesis. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia, the primary immune effector cells of the brain, results in caspase-1 activation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Recent studies have demonstrated a dramatic interplay between the metabolic state and effector functions of immune cells. Microglial metabolism in AD is of particular interest, as ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate (AcAc), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)) serve as an alternative energy source when glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD. Furthermore, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism concomitant with increased BHB levels has been demonstrated to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial ketone body metabolism in AD pathogenesis. We also highlight NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by several ketone body therapies as a promising new treatment strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail H Evered
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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La C, Li M, Wang Z, Liu T, Zeng Q, Sun P, Ren Z, Ye C, Liu Q, Wang Y. Isolation and anti-neuroinflammation activity of sesquiterpenoids from Artemisia argyi: computational simulation and experimental verification. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:264. [PMID: 38992644 PMCID: PMC11238432 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia argyi is a traditional herbal medicine belonging to the genus Artemisia that plays an important role in suppressing inflammation. However, the chemical constituents and underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic potential in neuroinflammation are still incompletely understood, and warrant further investigation. METHODS Several column chromatography were employed to isolate and purify chemical constituents from Artemisia argyi, and modern spectroscopy techniques were used to elucidate their chemical structures. The screening of monomeric compounds with nitric oxide inhibition led to the identification of the most effective bioactive compound, which was subsequently confirmed for its anti-inflammatory capability through qRT‒PCR. Predictions of compound-target interactions were made using the PharmMapper webserver and the TargetNet database, and an integrative protein-protein interaction network was constructed by intersecting the predicted targets with neuroinflammation-related targets. Topological analysis was performed to identify core targets, and molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to validate the findings. The result of the molecular simulations was experimentally validated through drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and Western blot experiments. RESULTS Seventeen sesquiterpenoids, including fifteen known sesquiterpenoids and two newly discovered guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids (argyinolide S and argyinolide T) were isolated from Artemisia argyi. Bioactivity screening revealed that argyinolide S (AS) possessed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, argyinolide T (AT) showed weak anti-inflammatory activity, so AS was the target compound for further study. AS may regulate neuroinflammation through its modulation of eleven core targets: protein kinase B 1 (AKT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein Kinase (FYN), Janus Kinase (JAK) 1, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) Kinase 1,8 and 14, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (RELA), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA). Molecular dynamics simulations and DARTS experiments confirmed the stable binding of AS to JAK1, and Western blot experiments demonstrated the ability of AS to inhibit the phosphorylation of downstream Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediated by JAK1. CONCLUSIONS The sesquiterpenoid compounds isolated from Artemisia argyi, exhibit significant inhibitory effects on inflammation in C57BL/6 murine microglia cells (BV-2). Among these compounds, AS, a newly discovered guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid in Artemisia argyi, has been demonstrated to effectively inhibit the occurrence of neuroinflammation by targeting JAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwenjie La
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghe Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongzhen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Pinghua Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuifang Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Watson N, Kuppuswamy S, Ledford WL, Sukumari-Ramesh S. The role of HDAC3 in inflammation: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419685. [PMID: 39050859 PMCID: PMC11266039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical regulators of inflammatory gene expression, and the efficacy of pan-HDAC inhibitors has been implicated in various disease conditions. However, it remains largely unclear how HDACs precisely regulate inflammation. To this end, evaluating the isoform-specific function of HDACs is critical, and the isoform-specific targeting could also circumvent the off-target effects of pan-HDAC inhibitors. This review provides an overview of the roles of HDAC3, a class I HDAC isoform, in modulating inflammatory responses and discusses the molecular mechanisms by which HDAC3 regulates inflammation associated with brain pathology, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, lung pathology, allergic conditions, and kidney disorders. The articles also identify knowledge gaps in the field for future studies. Despite some conflicting reports, the selective inhibition of HDAC3 has been demonstrated to play a beneficial role in various inflammatory pathologies. Exploring the potential of HDAC3 inhibition to improve disease prognosis is a promising avenue requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Chen L, Yue Z, Liu Z, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Hu T, Fu J. The impact of Nrf2 knockout on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine in a mice model of cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 469:115006. [PMID: 38692357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway represents a crucial intrinsic protective system against oxidative stress and inflammation and plays a significant role in various neurological disorders. However, the effect of Nrf2 signalling on the regulation of cognitive impairment remains unknown. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has neuroprotective effects and can ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Our objective was to observe whether Nrf2 knockout influences the efficacy of DEX in improving cognitive impairment and to attempt to understand its underlying mechanisms. An LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction model in wild-type and Nrf2 knockout mice (Institute of Cancer Research background; male; 8-12 weeks) was used to observe the impact of DEX on cognitive dysfunction. LPS was intraperitoneally injected, followed by novel object recognition and morris water maze experiments 24 h later. Hippocampal tissues were collected for histopathological and molecular analyses. Our research findings suggest that DEX enhances the expression of NQO1, HO-1, PSD95, and SYP proteins in hippocampal tissue, inhibits microglial proliferation, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-ɑ, increases anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and improves dendritic spine density, thereby alleviating cognitive dysfunction induced by LPS. However, the knockout of the Nrf2 gene negated the aforementioned effects of DEX. In conclusion, DEX alleviates cognitive deficits induced by LPS through mechanisms of anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation, as well as by increasing synaptic protein expression and dendritic spine density. However, the knockout of the Nrf2 gene reversed the effects of DEX. The Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the mitigation of LPS-induced cognitive impairment by DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhifeng Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huaqin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianfeng Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Benkő S, Dénes Á. Microglial Inflammatory Mechanisms in Stroke: The Jury Is Still Out. Neuroscience 2024; 550:43-52. [PMID: 38364965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia represent the main immune cell population in the CNS with unique homeostatic roles and contribution to broad neurological conditions. Stroke is associated with marked changes in microglial phenotypes and induction of inflammatory responses, which emerge as key modulators of brain injury, neurological outcome and regeneration. However, due to the limited availability of functional studies with selective targeting of microglia and microglia-related inflammatory pathways in stroke, the vast majority of observations remain correlative and controversial. Because extensive review articles discussing the role of inflammatory mechanisms in different forms of acute brain injury are available, here we focus on some specific pathways that appear to be important for stroke pathophysiology with assumed contribution by microglia. While the growing toolkit for microglia manipulation increasingly allows targeting inflammatory pathways in a cell-specific manner, reconsideration of some effects devoted to microglia may also be required. This may particularly concern the interpretation of inflammatory mechanisms that emerge in response to stroke as a form of sterile injury and change markedly in chronic inflammation and common stroke comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Benkő
- Laboratory of Inflammation-Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Dénes
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest H-1083, Hungary.
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41
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Cui Y, Rolova T, Fagerholm SC. The role of integrins in brain health and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151441. [PMID: 39002282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric membrane proteins expressed on the surface of most cells. They mediate adhesion and signaling processes relevant for a wealth of physiological processes, including nervous system development and function. Interestingly, integrins are also recognized therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Here, we discuss the role of integrins in brain development and function, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases affecting the brain (Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke). Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic targeting of these adhesion receptors in inflammatory diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cui
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Taisia Rolova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland.
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Li G, Zhao Y, Ma W, Gao Y, Zhao C. Systems-level computational modeling in ischemic stroke: from cells to patients. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1394740. [PMID: 39015225 PMCID: PMC11250596 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1394740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a significant threat to human life and health, refers to a class of conditions where brain tissue damage is induced following decreased cerebral blood flow. The incidence of ischemic stroke has been steadily increasing globally, and its disease mechanisms are highly complex and involve a multitude of biological mechanisms at various scales from genes all the way to the human body system that can affect the stroke onset, progression, treatment, and prognosis. To complement conventional experimental research methods, computational systems biology modeling can integrate and describe the pathogenic mechanisms of ischemic stroke across multiple biological scales and help identify emergent modulatory principles that drive disease progression and recovery. In addition, by running virtual experiments and trials in computers, these models can efficiently predict and evaluate outcomes of different treatment methods and thereby assist clinical decision-making. In this review, we summarize the current research and application of systems-level computational modeling in the field of ischemic stroke from the multiscale mechanism-based, physics-based and omics-based perspectives and discuss how modeling-driven research frameworks can deliver insights for future stroke research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geli Li
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- QSPMed Technologies, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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43
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Shen Z, Guo YD, Tang MZ, Zhou P, Su YX, Shen HR, Li T, Jiang W, Han YX, Tie C, Cui JJ, Gao TL, Jiang JD. Dexborneol Amplifies Pregabalin's Analgesic Effect in Mouse Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Incisional Pain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:803. [PMID: 39061872 PMCID: PMC11273404 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregabalin is a medication primarily used in the treatment of neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders, owing to its gabapentinoid properties. Pregabalin monotherapy faces limitations due to its variable efficacy and dose-dependent adverse reactions. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the potentiation of pregabalin's analgesic effects by dexborneol, a neuroprotective bicyclic monoterpenoid compound. We performed animal experiments where pain models were induced using two methods: peripheral nerve injury, involving axotomy and ligation of the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and incisional pain through a longitudinal incision in the hind paw, while employing a multifaceted methodology that integrates behavioral pharmacology, molecular biology, neuromorphology, and lipidomics to delve into the mechanisms behind this potentiation. Dexborneol was found to enhance pregabalin's efficacy by promoting its transportation to the central nervous system, disrupting self-amplifying vicious cycles via the reduction of HMGB1 and ATP release, and exerting significant anti-oxidative effects through modulation of central lipid metabolism. This combination therapy not only boosted pregabalin's analgesic property but also notably decreased its side effects. Moreover, this therapeutic cocktail exceeded basic pain relief, effectively reducing neuroinflammation and glial cell activation-key factors contributing to persistent and chronic pain. This study paves the way for more tolerable and effective analgesic options, highlighting the potential of dexborneol as an adjuvant to pregabalin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.S.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.-Z.T.); (H.-R.S.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.-D.J.)
| | - Yun-Dan Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.S.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.-Z.T.); (H.-R.S.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.-D.J.)
| | - Ming-Ze Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.S.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.-Z.T.); (H.-R.S.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.-D.J.)
| | - Ping Zhou
- Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China;
| | - Yu-Xin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Hao-Ran Shen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.S.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.-Z.T.); (H.-R.S.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.-D.J.)
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Wei Jiang
- Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312071, China;
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.S.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.-Z.T.); (H.-R.S.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.-D.J.)
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Tian-Le Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.S.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.-Z.T.); (H.-R.S.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.-D.J.)
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Z.S.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.-Z.T.); (H.-R.S.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.-D.J.)
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
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Aguilar K, Jakubek P, Zorzano A, Wieckowski MR. Primary mitochondrial diseases: The intertwined pathophysiology of bioenergetic dysregulation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14217. [PMID: 38644687 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are rare genetic disorders resulting from mutations in genes crucial for effective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can affect mitochondrial function. In this review, we examine the bioenergetic alterations and oxidative stress observed in cellular models of primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs), shedding light on the intricate complexity between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular pathology. We explore the diverse cellular models utilized to study PMDs, including patient-derived fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cybrids. Moreover, we also emphasize the connection between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. INSIGHTS The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction due to its dependence on aerobic metabolism and the correct functioning of OXPHOS. Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases affecting the CNS, individuals with PMDs exhibit several neuroinflammatory hallmarks alongside neurodegeneration, a pattern also extensively observed in mouse models of mitochondrial diseases. Based on histopathological analysis of postmortem human brain tissue and findings in mouse models of PMDs, we posit that neuroinflammation is not merely a consequence of neurodegeneration but a potential pathogenic mechanism for disease progression that deserves further investigation. This recognition may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies for this group of devastating diseases that currently lack effective treatments. SUMMARY In summary, this review provides a comprehensive overview of bioenergetic alterations and redox imbalance in cellular models of PMDs while underscoring the significance of neuroinflammation as a potential driver in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aguilar
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrycja Jakubek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
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Bridge S, Karagiannis SN, Borsini A. The complex role of the chemokine CX3CL1/Fractalkine in major depressive disorder: A narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100778. [PMID: 38706575 PMCID: PMC11070239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation exhibits a dual role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), both potentiating the onset of depressive symptoms and developing as a consequence of them. Our narrative review focuses on the role of the chemokine fractalkine (FKN) (also known as CX3CL1), which has gained increasing interest for its ability to induce changes to microglial phenotypes through interaction with its corresponding receptor (CX3CR1) that may impact neurophysiological processes relevant to MDD. Despite this, there is a lack of a clear understanding of the role of FKN in MDD. Overall, our review of the literature shows the involvement of FKN in MDD, both in preclinical models of depression, and in clinical studies of depressed patients. Preclinical studies (N = 8) seem to point towards two alternative hypotheses for FKN's role in MDD: a) FKN may drive pro-inflammatory changes to microglia that contribute towards MDD pathogenesis; or b) FKN may inhibit pro-inflammatory changes to microglia, thereby exerting a protective effect against MDD pathogenesis. Evidence for a) primarily derives from preclinical chronic stress models of depression in mice, whereas for b) from preclinical inflammation models of depression. Whereas, in humans, clinical studies (N = 4) consistently showed a positive association between FKN and presence of MDD, however it is not clear whether FKN is driving or moderating MDD pathogenesis. Future studies should aim for larger and more controlled clinical cohorts, in order to advance our understanding of FKN role both in the context of stress and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bridge
- Guy's King's and St Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Zhao T, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Han D, Ma J, Li S, Li T, Hu S, Li Z. Inhibition of TREM-1 alleviates neuroinflammation by modulating microglial polarization via SYK/p38MAPK signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148907. [PMID: 38570153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI), as a major public health problem, is characterized by high incidence rate, disability rate, and mortality rate. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is recognized as an amplifier of the inflammation in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the function of TREM-1 remains unclear post-TBI. This study aimed to investigate the function of TREM-1 in neuroinflammation induced by TBI. METHODS Brain water content (BWC), modified neurological severity score (mNSS), and Morris Water Maze (MWM) were measured to evaluate the effect of TREM-1 inhibition on nervous system function and outcome after TBI. TREM-1 expression in vivo was evaluated by Western blotting. The cellular localization of TREM-1 in the damaged region was observed via immunofluorescence staining. We also conducted Western blotting to examine expression of SYK, p-SYK and other downstream proteins. RESULTS We found that inhibition of TREM-1 reduced brain edema, decreased mNSS and improved neurobehavioral outcomes after TBI. It was further determined that TREM-1 was expressed on microglia and modulated subtype transition of microglia. Inhibition of TREM-1 alleviated neuroinflammation, which was associated with SYK/p38MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TREM-1 can be a potential clinical therapeutic target for alleviating neuroinflammation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhao
- Department of Forensic Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Forensic Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Han
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Department of Forensic Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Forensic Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhouru Li
- Department of Forensic Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Dong Q, Fu H, Jiang H. The role of exosome-shuttled miRNAs in heavy metal-induced peripheral tissues and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116880. [PMID: 38850652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced neuroinflammation is a significant pathophysiologic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Multiple miRNAs are differentially expressed in peripheral tissues after heavy metal exposure, and increasing evidence suggests that they are involved in AD progression by regulating microglial homeostasis. Exosomes, which are capable of loading miRNAs and crossing the bloodbrain barrier, serve as mediators of communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the link between miRNAs in peripheral tissues and neuroinflammation in AD after heavy metal exposure and propose a role for miRNAs in the microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) of AD. This study will help to elucidate the link between peripheral tissue damage and MGnD-mediated neuroinflammation in AD after heavy metal exposure. Additionally, we summarize the regulatory effects of natural compounds on peripheral tissue-derived miRNAs, which could be potential therapeutic targets for natural compounds to regulate peripheral tissue-derived exosomal miRNAs to ameliorate heavy metal-induced MGnD-mediated neuroinflammation in patients with AD after heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Huanyong Fu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Sun F, Liu W, Li X, Wang X, Ou Y, Li X, Shi M. Median nerve electrical stimulation improves traumatic brain injury by reducing TACR1 to inhibit nuclear factor-κB and CCL7 activation in microglia. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:889-902. [PMID: 38098319 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The existing report elucidates that median nerve electrical stimulation (MNS) plays a role in treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we explored the mechanism of MNS in TBI. A TBI-induced coma model (skull was hit by a cylindrical impact hammer) was established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Microglia were isolated from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats and was injured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL). Consciousness was assessed by sensory and motor functions. Brain tissue morphology was detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining assay. Ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1, NeuN and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) level were detected by immunohistochemical assay. Levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of TACR1, C-C motif chemokine 7 (CCL7), phosphorylation (p)-P65 and P65 were assessed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. M1 markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD86) and M2 markers (arginase-1 (Arg1) and chitinase 3-like 3 (YM1)) of microglia as well as the transfection efficiency of short hairpin TACR1 (shTACR1) were assessed by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay were used to detect microglia morphology and neuron apoptosis. MNS reduced neuron injury and microglia activation in the TBI-induced rat coma model. MNS reversed the effects of TBI on levels of inflammation-related factors, M1/M2 microglia markers, TACR1, p-P65/P65 and CCL7 in rats. shTACR1 reversed the effects of LPS on inflammation-related factors, M1/M2 microglia markers, microglia activation, neuron apoptosis, p-P65/P65 value and CCL7 level. Our results revealed that MNS improved TBI by reducing TACR1 to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and CCL7 activation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wenbing Liu
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yali Ou
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Neurology Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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49
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Gangadin SS, Enthoven AD, van Beveren NJM, Laman JD, Sommer IEC. Immune Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2024; 20:229-257. [PMID: 38996077 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081122-013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and biological research resulted in the immune hypothesis: the hypothesis that immune system dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The promising implication of this hypothesis is the potential to use existing immunomodulatory treatment for innovative interventions for SSD. Here, we provide a selective historical review of important discoveries that have shaped our understanding of immune dysfunction in SSD. We first explain the basic principles of immune dysfunction, after which we travel more than a century back in time. Starting our journey with neurosyphilis-associated psychosis in the nineteenth century, we continue by evaluating the role of infections and autoimmunity in SSD and findings from assessment of immune function using new techniques, such as cytokine levels, microglia density, neuroimaging, and gene expression. Drawing from these findings, we discuss anti-inflammatory interventions for SSD, and we conclude with a look into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Gangadin
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - A D Enthoven
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - N J M van Beveren
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Parnassia Group for Mental Health Care, The Hague and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J D Laman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I E C Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Zuo HJ, Ren XQ, Shi JS, Shi HL, Guo K, Wang PX, Zhao M, Li JJ. Gastrodin regulates the expression of renin-angiotensin system-SIRT3 and proinflammatory mediators in reactive astrocytes via activated microglia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3677-3693. [PMID: 38711280 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodin, an anti-inflammatory herbal agent, is known to suppress microglia activation. Here, we investigated whether it would exert a similar effect in reactive astrocytes and whether it might act through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Angiotensinogen (ATO), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptor and SIRT3 expression was detected in TNC-1 astrocytes treated with BV-2 microglia conditioned medium (CM) with or without gastrodin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pre-treatment by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. Expression of C3 (A1 astrocyte marker), S100A10 (A2 astrocyte marker), proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors was then evaluated. The results showed a significant increase of ATO, ACE, AT1, SIRT3, C3, proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors expression in TNC-1 astrocytes incubated in CM + LPS when compared with cells incubated in the CM, but AT2 and S100A10 expression was reduced. TNC-1 astrocytes responded vigorously to BV-2 CM treated with gastrodin + LPS as compared with the control. This was evident by the decreased expression of the abovementioned protein markers, except for AT2 and S100A10. Interestingly, SIRT3, IGF-1 and BDNF expression was enhanced, suggesting that gastrodin inhibited the expression of RAS and proinflammatory mediators but promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors. And gastrodin regulated the phenotypic changes of astrocytes through AT1. Additionally, azilsartan (a specific inhibitor of AT1) inhibited the expression of C3 and S100A10, which remained unaffected in gastrodin and azilsartan combination treatment. These findings provide evidence that gastrodin may have a therapeutic effect via regulating RAS-SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Zuo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Qi Ren
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Sha Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao-Long Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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