1
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Lindhout FW, Krienen FM, Pollard KS, Lancaster MA. A molecular and cellular perspective on human brain evolution and tempo. Nature 2024; 630:596-608. [PMID: 38898293 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of the modern human brain was accompanied by distinct molecular and cellular specializations, which underpin our diverse cognitive abilities but also increase our susceptibility to neurological diseases. These features, some specific to humans and others shared with related species, manifest during different stages of brain development. In this multi-stage process, neural stem cells proliferate to produce a large and diverse progenitor pool, giving rise to excitatory or inhibitory neurons that integrate into circuits during further maturation. This process unfolds over varying time scales across species and has progressively become slower in the human lineage, with differences in tempo correlating with differences in brain size, cell number and diversity, and connectivity. Here we introduce the terms 'bradychrony' and 'tachycrony' to describe slowed and accelerated developmental tempos, respectively. We review how recent technical advances across disciplines, including advanced engineering of in vitro models, functional comparative genetics and high-throughput single-cell profiling, are leading to a deeper understanding of how specializations of the human brain arise during bradychronic neurodevelopment. Emerging insights point to a central role for genetics, gene-regulatory networks, cellular innovations and developmental tempo, which together contribute to the establishment of human specializations during various stages of neurodevelopment and at different points in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feline W Lindhout
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Fenna M Krienen
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madeline A Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Gagliardo A, Bingman VP. The avian olfactory system and hippocampus: Complementary roles in the olfactory and visual guidance of homing pigeon navigation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102870. [PMID: 38552546 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The homing pigeon is the foundational model species used to investigate the neural control of avian navigation. The olfactory system is critically involved in implementing the so-called olfactory map, used to locate position relative to home from unfamiliar locations. The hippocampal formation supports a complementary navigational system based on familiar visual landmarks. Insight into the neural control of pigeon navigation has been revolutionised by GPS-tracking technology, which has been crucial for both detailing the critical role of environmental odours for navigation over unfamiliar areas as well as offering unprecedented insight into the role of the hippocampal formation in visual landscape/landmark-based navigation, including a possible, unexpected role in visual-spatial perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gagliardo
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Verner P Bingman
- Department of Psychology, J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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3
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Li M, Yang L, Liu Y, Shang Z, Wan H. Dynamic temporal neural patterns based on multichannel LFPs Identify different brain states during anesthesia in pigeons: comparison of three anesthetics. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024:10.1007/s11517-024-03132-w. [PMID: 38819673 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Anesthetic-induced brain activity study is crucial in avian cognitive-, consciousness-, and sleep-related research. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the generation of brain rhythms and specific connectivity of birds during anesthesia are poorly understood. Although different kinds of anesthetics can be used to induce an anesthesia state, a comparison study of these drugs focusing on the neural pattern evolution during anesthesia is lacking. Here, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) using a multi-channel micro-electrode array inserted into the nidopallium caudolateral (NCL) of adult pigeons (Columba livia) anesthetized with chloral hydrate, pelltobarbitalum natricum or urethane. Power spectral density (PSD) and functional connectivity analyses were used to measure the dynamic temporal neural patterns in NCL during anesthesia. Neural decoding analysis was adopted to calculate the probability of the pigeon's brain state and the kind of injected anesthetic. In the NCL during anesthesia, we found elevated power activity and functional connectivity at low-frequency bands and depressed power activity and connectivity at high-frequency bands. Decoding results based on the spectral and functional connectivity features indicated that the pigeon's brain states during anesthesia and the injected anesthetics can be effectively decoded. These findings provide an important foundation for future investigations on how different anesthetics induce the generation of specific neural patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuhuai Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- National Center for International Joint Research of Electronic Materials and Systems, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- International Joint Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Systems of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhigang Shang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Institute of Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hong Wan
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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4
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Ramaswamy S. Data-driven multiscale computational models of cortical and subcortical regions. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 85:102842. [PMID: 38320453 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Data-driven computational models of neurons, synapses, microcircuits, and mesocircuits have become essential tools in modern brain research. The goal of these multiscale models is to integrate and synthesize information from different levels of brain organization, from cellular properties, dendritic excitability, and synaptic dynamics to microcircuits, mesocircuits, and ultimately behavior. This article surveys recent advances in the genesis of data-driven computational models of mammalian neural networks in cortical and subcortical areas. I discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing data-driven multiscale models, including the need for interdisciplinary collaborations, the importance of model validation and comparison, and the potential impact on basic and translational neuroscience research. Finally, I highlight future directions and emerging technologies that will enable more comprehensive and predictive data-driven models of brain function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Ramaswamy
- Neural Circuits Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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5
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Li M, Yang L, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wan H, Shang Z. Progress of Micro-Stimulation Techniques to Alter Pigeons' Motor Behavior: A Review from the Perspectives of the Neural Basis and Neuro-Devices. Brain Sci 2024; 14:339. [PMID: 38671991 PMCID: PMC11047962 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigeons have natural advantages in robotics research, including a wide range of activities, low energy consumption, good concealment performance, strong long-distance weight bearing and continuous flight ability, excellent navigation, and spatial cognitive ability, etc. They are typical model animals in the field of animal robot research and have important application value. A hot interdisciplinary research topic and the core content of pigeon robot research, altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation involves multiple disciplines including animal ethology, neuroscience, electronic information technology and artificial intelligence technology, etc. In this paper, we review the progress of altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation from the perspectives of the neural basis and neuro-devices. The recent literature on altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation was investigated first. The neural basis, structure and function of a system to alter pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation are briefly introduced below. Furthermore, a classified review was carried out based on the representative research achievements in this field in recent years. Our summary and discussion of the related research progress cover five aspects including the control targets, control parameters, control environment, control objectives, and control system. Future directions that need to be further studied are discussed, and the development trend in altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation is projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Long Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuhuai Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Electronic Materials and Systems, International Joint-Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Systems of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong Wan
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Zhigang Shang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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6
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Gill JP, Taylor BK. Navigation by magnetic signatures in a realistic model of Earth's magnetic field. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:036006. [PMID: 38452388 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Certain animal species use the Earth's magnetic field (i.e. magnetoreception) alongside their other sensory modalities to navigate long distances that include continents and oceans. It is hypothesized that several animals use geomagnetic parameters, such as field intensity and inclination, to recognize specific locations or regions, potentially enabling migration without a pre-surveyed map. However, it is unknown how animals use geomagnetic information to generate guidance commands, or where in the world this type of strategy would maximize an animal's fitness. While animal experiments have been invaluable in advancing this area, the phenomenon is difficult to studyin vivoorin situ, especially on the global scale where the spatial layout of the geomagnetic field is not constant. Alongside empirical animal experiments, mathematical modeling and simulation are complementary tools that can be used to investigate animal navigation on a global scale, providing insights that can be informative across a number of species. In this study, we present a model in which a simulated animal (i.e. agent) navigates via an algorithm which determines travel heading based on local and goal magnetic signatures (here, combinations of geomagnetic intensity and inclination) in a realistic model of Earth's magnetic field. By varying parameters of the navigation algorithm, different regions of the world can be made more or less reliable to navigate. We present a mathematical analysis of the system. Our results show that certain regions can be navigated effectively using this strategy when these parameters are properly tuned, while other regions may require more complex navigational strategies. In a real animal, parameters such as these could be tuned by evolution for successful navigation in the animal's natural range. These results could also help with developing engineered navigation systems that are less reliant on satellite-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Gill
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Brian K Taylor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
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7
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Güntürkün O, Pusch R, Rose J. Why birds are smart. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:197-209. [PMID: 38097447 PMCID: PMC10940863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Many cognitive neuroscientists believe that both a large brain and an isocortex are crucial for complex cognition. Yet corvids and parrots possess non-cortical brains of just 1-25 g, and these birds exhibit cognitive abilities comparable with those of great apes such as chimpanzees, which have brains of about 400 g. This opinion explores how this cognitive equivalence is possible. We propose four features that may be required for complex cognition: a large number of associative pallial neurons, a prefrontal cortex (PFC)-like area, a dense dopaminergic innervation of association areas, and dynamic neurophysiological fundaments for working memory. These four neural features have convergently evolved and may therefore represent 'hard to replace' mechanisms enabling complex cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Güntürkün
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Roland Pusch
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jonas Rose
- Neural Basis of Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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8
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Yang L, Chen X, Yang L, Li M, Shang Z. Phase-Amplitude Coupling between Theta Rhythm and High-Frequency Oscillations in the Hippocampus of Pigeons during Navigation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:439. [PMID: 38338082 PMCID: PMC10854523 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Navigation is a complex task in which the hippocampus (Hp), which plays an important role, may be involved in interactions between different frequency bands. However, little is known whether this cross-frequency interaction exists in the Hp of birds during navigation. Therefore, we examined the electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal cross-frequency interactions of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) during navigation. Two goal-directed navigation tasks with different locomotor modes were designed, and the local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded for analysis. We found that the amplitudes of high-frequency oscillations in Hp were dynamically modulated by the phase of co-occurring theta-band oscillations both during ground-based maze and outdoor flight navigation. The high-frequency amplitude sub-frequency bands modulated by the hippocampal theta phase were different at different tasks, and this process was independent of the navigation path and goal. These results suggest that phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in the avian Hp may be more associated with the ongoing cognitive demands of navigational processes. Our findings contribute to the understanding of potential mechanisms of hippocampal PAC on multi-frequency informational interactions in avian navigation and provide valuable insights into cross-species evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.C.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.C.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.C.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.C.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhigang Shang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.C.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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9
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Thoradit T, Thongyoo K, Kamoltheptawin K, Tunprasert L, El-Esawi MA, Aguida B, Jourdan N, Buddhachat K, Pooam M. Cryptochrome and quantum biology: unraveling the mysteries of plant magnetoreception. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1266357. [PMID: 37860259 PMCID: PMC10583551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1266357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoreception, the remarkable ability of organisms to perceive and respond to Earth's magnetic field, has captivated scientists for decades, particularly within the field of quantum biology. In the plant science, the exploration of the complicated interplay between quantum phenomena and classical biology in the context of plant magnetoreception has emerged as an attractive area of research. This comprehensive review investigates into three prominent theoretical models: the Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM), the Level Crossing Mechanism (LCM), and the Magnetite-based MagR theory in plants. While examining the advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with each model, this review places a particular weight on the RPM, highlighting its well-established role of cryptochromes and in-vivo experiments on light-independent plant magnetoreception. However, alternative mechanisms such as the LCM and the MagR theory are objectively presented as convincing perspectives that permit further investigation. To shed light on these theoretical frameworks, this review proposes experimental approaches including cutting-edge experimental techniques. By integrating these approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms driving plant magnetoreception can be achieved, lending support to the fundamental principle in the RPM. In conclusion, this review provides a panoramic overview of plant magnetoreception, highlighting the exciting potential of quantum biology in unraveling the mysteries of magnetoreception. As researchers embark on this captivating scientific journey, the doors to deciphering the diverse mechanisms of magnetoreception in plants stand wide open, offering a profound exploration of nature's adaptations to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Thoradit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thongyoo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Lalin Tunprasert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | | | - Blanche Aguida
- UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Jourdan
- UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Kittisak Buddhachat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Marootpong Pooam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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10
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Pereira PDC, Henrique EP, da Costa ER, Falcão ADJ, de Melo MAD, Schneider MPC, Burbano RMR, Diniz DG, Magalhães NGDM, Sherry DF, Diniz CWP, Guerreiro-Diniz C. Molecular Changes in the Brain of the Wintering Calidris pusilla in the Mangroves of the Amazon River Estuary. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12712. [PMID: 37628893 PMCID: PMC10454129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Migrant birds prepare differently to fly north for breeding in the spring and for the flight to lower latitudes during autumn, avoiding the cold and food shortages of the Northern Hemisphere's harsh winter. The molecular events associated with these fundamental stages in the life history of migrants include the differential gene expression in different tissues. Semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) are Arctic-breeding shorebirds that migrate to the coast of South America during the non-breeding season. In a previous study, we demonstrated that between the beginning and the end of the wintering period, substantial glial changes and neurogenesis occur in the brain of C. pusilla. These changes follow the epic journey of the autumn migration when a 5-day non-stop transatlantic flight towards the coast of South America and the subsequent preparation for the long-distance flight of the spring migration takes place. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the differential gene expressions observed in the brains of individuals captured in the autumn and spring windows are consistent with the previously described cellular changes. We searched for differential gene expressions in the brain of the semipalmated sandpiper, of recently arrived birds (RA) from the autumnal migration, and that of individuals in the premigratory period (PM) in the spring. All individuals were collected in the tropical coastal of northern Brazil in the mangrove region of the Amazon River estuary. We generated a de novo neurotranscriptome for C. pusilla individuals and compared the gene expressions across libraries. To that end, we mapped an RNA-Seq that reads to the C. pusilla neurotranscriptome in four brain samples of each group and found that the differential gene expressions in newly arrived and premigratory birds were related with neurogenesis, metabolic pathways (ketone body biosynthetic and the catabolic and lipid biosynthetic processes), and glial changes (astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling, astrocyte differentiation, astrocyte cell migration, and astrocyte activation involved in immune response), as well as genes related to the immune response to virus infections (Type I Interferons), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and NF-κB), NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), and cell death pathways (pyroptosis- and caspase-related changes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Emanuel Ramos da Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Anderson de Jesus Falcão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Mauro André Damasceno de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | | | | | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 66093-020, PA, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - David Francis Sherry
- Department of Psychology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1G9, Canada
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
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11
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Li M, Cheng S, Fan J, Shang Z, Wan H, Yang L, Yang L. Disarrangement and reorganization of the hippocampal functional connectivity during the spatial path adjustment of pigeons. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:54. [PMID: 37170160 PMCID: PMC10127027 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The hippocampus plays an important role to support path planning and adjustment in goal-directed spatial navigation. While we still only have limited knowledge about how do the hippocampal neural activities, especially the functional connectivity patterns, change during the spatial path adjustment. In this study, we measured the behavioural indicators and local field potentials of the pigeon (Columba livia, male and female) during a goal-directed navigational task with the detour paradigm, exploring the changing patterns of the hippocampal functional network connectivity of the bird during the spatial path learning and adjustment.
Results
Our study demonstrates that the pigeons progressively learned to solve the path adjustment task after the preferred path is blocked suddenly. Behavioural results show that both the total duration and the path lengths pigeons completed the task during the phase of adjustment are significantly longer than those during the acquisition and recovery phases. Furthermore, neural results show that hippocampal functional connectivity selectively changed during path adjustment. Specifically, we identified depressed connectivity in lower bands (delta and theta) and elevated connectivity in higher bands (slow-gamma and fast-gamma).
Conclusions
These results feature both the behavioural response and neural representation of the avian spatial cognitive learning process, suggesting that the functional disarrangement and reorganization of the connectivity in the avian hippocampus during different phases may contribute to our further understanding of the potential mechanism of path learning and adjustment.
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12
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Morphology, biochemistry and connectivity of Cluster N and the hippocampal formation in a migratory bird. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2731-2749. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe exceptional navigational capabilities of migrating birds are based on the perception and integration of a variety of natural orientation cues. The “Wulst” in the forebrain of night-migratory songbirds contains a brain area named “Cluster N”, which is involved in processing directional navigational information derived from the Earth´s magnetic field. Cluster N is medially joined by the hippocampal formation, known to retrieve and utilise navigational information. To investigate the connectivity and neurochemical characteristics of Cluster N and the hippocampal formation of migratory birds, we performed morphological and histochemical analyses based on the expression of calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin, glutamate receptor type 1 and early growth response protein-1 in the night-migratory Garden warbler (Sylvia borin) and mapped their mutual connections using neuronal tract tracing. The resulting expression patterns revealed regionally restricted neurochemical features, which mapped well onto the hippocampal and hyperpallial substructures known from other avian species. Magnetic field-induced neuronal activation covered caudal parts of the hyperpallium and the medially adjacent hippocampal dorsomedial/dorsolateral subdivisions. Neuronal tract tracings revealed connections between Cluster N and the hippocampal formation with the vast majority originating from the densocellular hyperpallium, either directly or indirectly via the area corticoidea dorsolateralis. Our data indicate that the densocellular hyperpallium could represent a central relay for the transmission of magnetic compass information to the hippocampal formation where it might be integrated with other navigational cues in night-migratory songbirds.
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Kobylkov D, Musielak I, Haase K, Rook N, von Eugen K, Dedek K, Güntürkün O, Mouritsen H, Heyers D. Morphology of the "prefrontal" nidopallium caudolaterale in the long-distance night-migratory Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). Neurosci Lett 2022; 789:136869. [PMID: 36100042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Migrating birds have developed remarkable navigational capabilities to successfully master biannual journeys between their breeding and wintering grounds. To reach their intended destination, they need to calculate navigational goals from a large variety of natural directional and positional cues to set a meaningful motor output command. One brain area, which has been associated with such executive functions, is the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), which, due to its striking similarities in terms of neurochemistry, connectivity and function, is considered analogous to the mammalian prefrontal cortex. To establish a baseline for further analyses elucidating the neuronal correlates underlying avian navigation, we performed quantitative and qualitative analyses of dopaminergic fibres in the brains of long-distance night-migratory Eurasian blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). We identified four regions in the caudal telencephalon, each of which was characterized by its specific dopaminergic innervation pattern. At least three of them presumably constitute subareas of the NCL in Eurasian blackcaps and could thus be involved in integrating navigational input from different sensory systems. The observed heterogeneity and parcellation of the NCL subcompartments in this migratory species could be a consequence of the special demands related to navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kobylkov
- Center for Mind/Brain Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy; AG "Neurosensory Sciences", Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Musielak
- AG "Neurosensory Sciences", Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Haase
- AG "Neurosensory Sciences", Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Noemi Rook
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kaya von Eugen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karin Dedek
- AG "Neurosensory Sciences", Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- AG "Neurosensory Sciences", Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heyers
- AG "Neurosensory Sciences", Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany.
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Givon S, Pickholtz R, Pickholtz EY, Ben-Shahar O, Kiflawi M, Segev R. Toward Naturalistic Neuroscience of Navigation: Opportunities in Coral Reef Fish. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:895381. [PMID: 35874430 PMCID: PMC9298462 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.895381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to navigate in the world is crucial to many species. One of the most fundamental unresolved issues in understanding animal navigation is how the brain represents spatial information. Although navigation has been studied extensively in many taxa, the key efforts to determine the neural basis of navigation have focused on mammals, usually in lab experiments, where the allocated space is typically very small; e.g., up to one order of magnitude the size of the animal, is limited by artificial walls, and contains only a few objects. This type of setting is vastly different from the habitat of animals in the wild, which is open in many cases and is virtually limitless in size compared to its inhabitants. Thus, a fundamental open question in animal navigation is whether small-scale, spatially confined, and artificially crafted lab experiments indeed reveal how navigation is enacted in the real world. This question is difficult to study given the technical problems associated with in vivo electrophysiology in natural settings. Here, we argue that these difficulties can be overcome by implementing state of the art technology when studying the rivulated rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus as the model animal. As a first step toward this goal, using acoustic tracking of the reef, we demonstrate that individual S. rivulatus have a defined home range of about 200 m in length, from which they seldom venture. They repeatedly visit the same areas and return to the same sleeping grounds, thus providing evidence for their ability to navigate in the reef environment. Using a clustering algorithm to analyze segments of daily trajectories, we found evidence of specific repeating patterns in behavior within the home range of individual fish. Thus, S. rivulatus appears to have the ability to carry out its daily routines and revisit places of interest by employing sophisticated means of navigation while exploring its surroundings. In the future, using novel technologies for wireless recording from single cells of fish brains, S. rivulatus can emerge as an ideal system to study the neural basis of navigation in natural settings and lead to “electrophysiology in the wild.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Givon
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Renanel Pickholtz
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | | | - Ohad Ben-Shahar
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Moshe Kiflawi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - Ronen Segev
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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15
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Clark W, Colombo M. Seeing the Forest for the Trees, and the Ground Below My Beak: Global and Local Processing in the Pigeon's Visual System. Front Psychol 2022; 13:888528. [PMID: 35756294 PMCID: PMC9218864 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human animals tend to solve behavioral tasks using local information. Pigeons are particularly biased toward using the local features of stimuli to guide behavior in small-scale environments. When behavioral tasks are performed in large-scale environments, pigeons are much better global processors of information. The local and global strategies are mediated by two different fovea in the pigeon retina that are associated with the tectofugal and thalamofugal pathways. We discuss the neural mechanisms of pigeons' bias for local information within the tectofugal pathway, which terminates at an intermediate stage of extracting shape complexity. We also review the evidence suggesting that the thalamofugal pathway participates in global processing in pigeons and is primarily engaged in constructing a spatial representation of the environment in conjunction with the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Colombo
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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Xiao Q, Güntürkün O. “Prefrontal” Neuronal Foundations of Visual Asymmetries in Pigeons. Front Physiol 2022; 13:882597. [PMID: 35586719 PMCID: PMC9108483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.882597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to reveal the possibly lateralized processes in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), a functional analogue to the mammalian prefrontal cortex, during a color discrimination task. Pigeons are known to be visually lateralized with a superiority of the left hemisphere/right eye for visual feature discriminations. While animals were working on a color discrimination task, we recorded single visuomotor neurons in left and right NCL. As expected, pigeons learned faster and responded more quickly when seeing the stimuli with their right eyes. Our electrophysiological recordings discovered several neuronal properties of NCL neurons that possibly contributed to this behavioral asymmetry. We found that the speed of stimulus encoding was identical between left and right NCL but action generation was different. Here, most left hemispheric NCL neurons reached their peak activities shortly before response execution. In contrast, the majority of right hemispheric neurons lagged behind and came too late to control the response. Thus, the left NCL dominated the animals’ behavior not by a higher efficacy of encoding, but by being faster in monopolizing the operant response. A further asymmetry concerned the hemisphere-specific integration of input from the contra- and ipsilateral eye. The left NCL was able to integrate and process visual input from the ipsilateral eye to a higher degree and thus achieved a more bilateral representation of two visual fields. We combine these novel findings with those from previous publications to come up with a working hypothesis that could explain how hemispheric asymmetries for visual feature discrimination in birds are realized by a sequential buildup of lateralized neuronal response properties in the avian forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Xiao, ; Onur Güntürkün, , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-5233
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Qian Xiao, ; Onur Güntürkün, , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-5233
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17
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Li M, Fan J, Lin L, Shang Z, Wan H. Elevated Gamma Connectivity in Nidopallium Caudolaterale of Pigeons during Spatial Path Adjustment. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1019. [PMID: 35454265 PMCID: PMC9026408 DOI: 10.3390/ani12081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that spatial navigation depends on a local network including multiple brain regions with strong interactions. However, it is still not fully understood whether and how the neural patterns in avian nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), which is suggested to play a key role in navigation as a higher cognitive structure, are modulated by the behaviors during spatial navigation, especially involved path adjustment needs. Hence, we examined neural activity in the NCL of pigeons and explored the local field potentials' (LFPs) spectral and functional connectivity patterns in a goal-directed spatial cognitive task with the detour paradigm. We found the pigeons progressively learned to solve the path adjustment task when the learned path was blocked suddenly. Importantly, the behavioral changes during the adjustment were accompanied by the modifications in neural patterns in the NCL. Specifically, the spectral power in lower bands (1-4 Hz and 5-12 Hz) decreased as the pigeons were tested during the adjustment. Meanwhile, an elevated gamma (31-45 Hz and 55-80 Hz) connectivity in the NCL was also detected. These results and the partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) modeling analysis provide insights into the neural activities in the avian NCL during the spatial path adjustment, contributing to understanding the potential mechanism of avian spatial encoding. This study suggests the important role of the NCL in spatial learning, especially path adjustment in avian navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (J.F.)
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jiantao Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Lubo Lin
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China;
| | - Zhigang Shang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (J.F.)
- Institute of Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.L.); (J.F.)
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18
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Haase K, Musielak I, Warmuth-Moles L, Leberecht B, Zolotareva A, Mouritsen H, Heyers D. In Search for the Avian Trigeminal Magnetic Sensor: Distribution of Peripheral and Central Terminals of Ophthalmic Sensory Neurons in the Night-Migratory Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:853401. [PMID: 35321391 PMCID: PMC8936129 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.853401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In night-migratory songbirds, neurobiological and behavioral evidence suggest the existence of a magnetic sense associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), possibly providing magnetic positional information. Curiously, neither the unequivocal existence, structural nature, nor the exact location of any sensory structure has been revealed to date. Here, we used neuronal tract tracing to map both the innervation fields in the upper beak and the detailed trigeminal brainstem terminations of the medial and lateral V1 subbranches in the night-migratory Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). The medial V1 subbranch takes its course along the ventral part of the upper beak to innervate subepidermal layers and the mucosa of the nasal cavity, whereas the lateral V1 subbranch runs along dorsolateral levels until the nostrils to innervate mainly the skin of the upper beak. In the trigeminal brainstem, medial V1 terminals innervate both the dorsal part and the ventral, magnetically activated part of the principal sensory trigeminal brainstem nuclei (PrV). In contrast, the lateral V1 subbranch innervates only a small part of the ventral PrV. The spinal sensory trigeminal brainstem nuclei (SpV) receive topographically ordered projections. The medial V1 subbranch mainly innervates rostral and medial parts of SpV, whereas the lateral V1 subbranch mainly innervates the lateral and caudal parts of SpV. The present findings could provide valuable information for further analysis of the trigeminal magnetic sense of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Haase
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Musielak
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Warmuth-Moles
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bo Leberecht
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Zolotareva
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heyers
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dominik Heyers,
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19
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de Almeida Miranda D, Araripe J, de Morais Magalhães NG, de Siqueira LS, de Abreu CC, Pereira PDC, Henrique EP, da Silva Chira PAC, de Melo MAD, do Rêgo PS, Diniz DG, Sherry DF, Diniz CWP, Guerreiro-Diniz C. Shorebirds' Longer Migratory Distances Are Associated With Larger ADCYAP1 Microsatellites and Greater Morphological Complexity of Hippocampal Astrocytes. Front Psychol 2022; 12:784372. [PMID: 35185684 PMCID: PMC8855117 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For the epic journey of autumn migration, long-distance migratory birds use innate and learned information and follow strict schedules imposed by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, the details of which remain largely unknown. In addition, bird migration requires integrated action of different multisensory systems for learning and memory, and the hippocampus appears to be the integration center for this task. In previous studies we found that contrasting long-distance migratory flights differentially affected the morphological complexity of two types of hippocampus astrocytes. Recently, a significant association was found between the latitude of the reproductive site and the size of the ADCYAP1 allele in long distance migratory birds. We tested for correlations between astrocyte morphological complexity, migratory distances, and size of the ADCYAP1 allele in three long-distance migrant species of shorebird and one non-migrant. Significant differences among species were found in the number and morphological complexity of the astrocytes, as well as in the size of the microsatellites of the ADCYAP1 gene. We found significant associations between the size of the ADCYAP1 microsatellites, the migratory distances, and the degree of morphological complexity of the astrocytes. We suggest that associations between astrocyte number and morphological complexity, ADCYAP1 microsatellite size, and migratory behavior may be part of the adaptive response to the migratory process of shorebirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Almeida Miranda
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genética e Conservação, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Juliana Araripe
- Laboratório de Genética e Conservação, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Nara G de Morais Magalhães
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva de Siqueira
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Cintya Castro de Abreu
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Pedro Arthur Campos da Silva Chira
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Mauro A D de Melo
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Péricles Sena do Rêgo
- Laboratório de Genética e Conservação, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Brazil
| | - David Francis Sherry
- Department of Psychology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cristovam W P Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Bragança, Brazil
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20
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Takahashi S, Hombe T, Matsumoto S, Ide K, Yoda K. Head direction cells in a migratory bird prefer north. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl6848. [PMID: 35119935 PMCID: PMC8816328 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Animals exhibit remarkable navigation abilities as if they have an internal compass. Head direction (HD) cells encoding the animal's heading azimuth are found in the brain of several animal species; the HD cell signals are dependent on the vestibular nuclei, where magnetic responsive cells are present in birds. However, it is difficult to determine whether HD cell signals drive the compass orientation in animals, as they do not necessarily rely on the magnetic compass under all circumstances. Recording of HD cell activities from the medial pallium of shearwater chicks (Calonectris leucomelas) just before their first migration, during which they strongly rely on compass orientation, revealed that shearwater HD cells prefer a north orientation. The preference remained stable regardless of geolocations and environmental cues, suggesting the existence of a magnetic compass regulated by internally generated HD signals. Our findings provide insight into the integration of the direction and magnetoreception senses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Takumi Hombe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ide
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Ken Yoda
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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21
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Broadband 75-85 MHz radiofrequency fields disrupt magnetic compass orientation in night-migratory songbirds consistent with a flavin-based radical pair magnetoreceptor. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:97-106. [PMID: 35019998 PMCID: PMC8918455 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The light-dependent magnetic compass sense of night-migratory songbirds can be disrupted by weak radiofrequency fields. This finding supports a quantum mechanical, radical-pair-based mechanism of magnetoreception as observed for isolated cryptochrome 4, a protein found in birds’ retinas. The exact identity of the magnetically sensitive radicals in cryptochrome is uncertain in vivo, but their formation seems to require a bound flavin adenine dinucleotide chromophore and a chain of four tryptophan residues within the protein. Resulting from the hyperfine interactions of nuclear spins with the unpaired electrons, the sensitivity of the radicals to radiofrequency magnetic fields depends strongly on the number of magnetic nuclei (hydrogen and nitrogen atoms) they contain. Quantum-chemical calculations suggested that electromagnetic noise in the frequency range 75–85 MHz could give information about the identity of the radicals involved. Here, we show that broadband 75–85 MHz radiofrequency fields prevent a night-migratory songbird from using its magnetic compass in behavioural experiments. These results indicate that at least one of the components of the radical pair involved in the sensory process of avian magnetoreception must contain a substantial number of strong hyperfine interactions as would be the case if a flavin–tryptophan radical pair were the magnetic sensor.
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22
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Zolotareva AD, Chernetsov NS. Celestial Orientation in Birds. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021090259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Collet J, Sasaki T, Biro D. Pigeons retain partial memories of homing paths years after learning them individually, collectively or culturally. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212110. [PMID: 34784759 PMCID: PMC8595992 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory of past experience is central to many animal decisions, but how long specific memories can influence behaviour is poorly understood. Few studies have reported memories retrieved after several years in non-human animals, especially for spatial tasks, and whether the social context during learning could affect long-term memory retention. We investigated homing pigeons' spatial memory by GPS-recording their homing paths from a site 9 km from their loft. We compared solo flights of naive pigeons with those of pigeons that had last homed from this site 3-4 years earlier, having learnt a homing route either alone (individual learning), together with a naive partner (collective learning) or within cultural transmission chains (cultural learning). We used as a control a second release site unfamiliar to all pigeons. Pigeons from all learning treatments outperformed naive birds at the familiar (but not the unfamiliar) site, but the idiosyncratic routes they formerly used several years before were now partially forgotten. Our results show that non-human animals can use their memory to solve a spatial task years after they last performed it, irrespective of the social context during learning. They also suggest that without reinforcement, landmarks and culturally acquired 'route traditions' are gradually forgotten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Collet
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11A Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Takao Sasaki
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dora Biro
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11A Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kumar J, Malik S, Bhardwaj SK, Rani S. Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.751072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (LAN) alters the physiology and behavior of an organism; however, very little is known about phase-dependent effects of LAN, particularly, in night migratory songbirds. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the effects of LAN on daily activity and photoperiodic responses in the Palearctic Indian migratory songbird, redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps), is dependent on the different phases of the night. Male buntings maintained under short photoperiod (8L:16D; L = 100 lux, D < 0.1 lux) in individual activity cages were exposed to LAN (2 lux) for 6 weeks either in 4 h bin given at the different phases of 16 h night (early, mid, or late at ZT 08–12, ZT 14–18, or ZT 20–24, respectively; n = 9 each group) or throughout 16 h night (all night light, n = 6, ZT 08–24, the time of lights ON was considered as Zeitgeber time 0, ZT 0). A group (n = 6) with no LAN served as control. The results showed that LAN at the different phases of night induced differential effects as shown by an intense activity during the night, altered melatonin and temperature rhythms, and showed an increase in body mass and body fattening, food intake, and gonadal size. Midnight light exposure has a greater impact on migration and reproduction linked phenotypes, which is similar to the ones that received light throughout the night. The highlights of this study are that (i) LAN impacts day-night activity behavior, (ii) its continuity with the day alters the perception of day length, (iii) birds showed differential sensitivity to LAN in a phase-dependent manner, (iv) the direction of placing LAN affects the daily responses, e.g., LAN in the early night was “accepted” as extended dusk but the late night was considered as early dawn, and (v) midnight LAN was most effective and induced similar responses as continuous LAN. Overall, LAN induces long day responses in short days and shows differential sensitivity of the different phases of the night toward the light. This information may be valuable in adopting a part-night lighting approach to help reduce the physiological burden, such as early migration and reproduction, of artificial lighting on the nocturnal migrants.
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Electrophysiology and the magnetic sense: a guide to best practice. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 208:185-195. [PMID: 34713390 PMCID: PMC8918458 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoreception, sensing the Earth’s magnetic field, is used by many species in orientation and navigation. While this is established on the behavioural level, there is a severe lack in knowledge on the underlying neuronal mechanisms of this sense. A powerful technique to study the neuronal processing of magnetic cues is electrophysiology but, thus far, few studies have adopted this technique. Why is this the case? A fundamental problem is the introduction of electromagnetic noise (induction) caused by the magnetic stimuli, within electrophysiological recordings which, if too large, prevents feasible separation of neuronal signals from the induction artefacts. Here, we address the concerns surrounding the use of electromagnetic coils within electrophysiology experiments and assess whether these would prevent viable electrophysiological recordings within a generated magnetic field. We present calculations of the induced voltages in typical experimental situations and compare them against the neuronal signals measured with different electrophysiological techniques. Finally, we provide guidelines that should help limit and account for possible induction artefacts. In conclusion, if great care is taken, viable electrophysiological recordings from magnetoreceptive cells are achievable and promise to provide new insights on the neuronal basis of the magnetic sense.
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Einwich A, Seth PK, Bartölke R, Bolte P, Feederle R, Dedek K, Mouritsen H. Localisation of cryptochrome 2 in the avian retina. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 208:69-81. [PMID: 34677638 PMCID: PMC8918457 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are photolyase-related blue-light receptors acting as core components of the mammalian circadian clock in the cell nuclei. One or more members of the cryptochrome protein family are also assumed to play a role in avian magnetoreception, but the primary sensory molecule in the retina of migratory birds that mediates light-dependent magnetic compass orientation has still not been identified. The mRNA of cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) has been reported to be located in the cell nuclei of the retina, but Cry2 localisation has not yet been demonstrated at the protein level. Here, we provide evidence that Cry2 protein is located in the photoreceptor inner segments, the outer nuclear layer, the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer in the retina of night-migratory European robins, homing pigeons and domestic chickens. At the subcellular level, we find Cry2 both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells residing in these layers. This broad nucleic expression rather points to a role for avian Cry2 in the circadian clock and is consistent with a function as a transcription factor, analogous to mammalian Cry2, and speaks against an involvement in magnetoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Einwich
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Pranav Kumar Seth
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rabea Bartölke
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Petra Bolte
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Dedek
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Kashetsky T, Avgar T, Dukas R. The Cognitive Ecology of Animal Movement: Evidence From Birds and Mammals. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.724887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition, defined as the processes concerned with the acquisition, retention and use of information, underlies animals’ abilities to navigate their local surroundings, embark on long-distance seasonal migrations, and socially learn information relevant to movement. Hence, in order to fully understand and predict animal movement, researchers must know the cognitive mechanisms that generate such movement. Work on a few model systems indicates that most animals possess excellent spatial learning and memory abilities, meaning that they can acquire and later recall information about distances and directions among relevant objects. Similarly, field work on several species has revealed some of the mechanisms that enable them to navigate over distances of up to several thousand kilometers. Key behaviors related to movement such as the choice of nest location, home range location and migration route are often affected by parents and other conspecifics. In some species, such social influence leads to the formation of aggregations, which in turn may lead to further social learning about food locations or other resources. Throughout the review, we note a variety of topics at the interface of cognition and movement that invite further investigation. These include the use of social information embedded in trails, the likely important roles of soundscapes and smellscapes, the mechanisms that large mammals rely on for long-distance migration, and the effects of expertise acquired over extended periods.
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Li MM, Fan JT, Cheng SG, Yang LF, Yang L, Wang LF, Shang ZG, Wan H. Enhanced Hippocampus-Nidopallium Caudolaterale Connectivity during Route Formation in Goal-Directed Spatial Learning of Pigeons. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072003. [PMID: 34359131 PMCID: PMC8300203 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed spatial learning is crucial for the survival of animals, in which the formation of the route from the current location to the goal is one of the central problems. A distributed brain network comprising the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex has been shown to support such capacity, yet it is not fully understood how the most similar brain regions in birds, the hippocampus (Hp) and nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), cooperate during route formation in goal-directed spatial learning. Hence, we examined neural activity in the Hp-NCL network of pigeons and explored the connectivity dynamics during route formation in a goal-directed spatial task. We found that behavioral changes in spatial learning during route formation are accompanied by modifications in neural patterns in the Hp-NCL network. Specifically, as pigeons learned to solve the task, the spectral power in both regions gradually decreased. Meanwhile, elevated hippocampal theta (5 to 12 Hz) connectivity and depressed connectivity in NCL were also observed. Lastly, the interregional functional connectivity was found to increase with learning, specifically in the theta frequency band during route formation. These results provide insight into the dynamics of the Hp-NCL network during spatial learning, serving to reveal the potential mechanism of avian spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian-Tao Fan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shu-Guan Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Fang Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liao-Feng Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Institute of Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-G.S.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-0371-67781417 (Z.-G.S.); +86-0371-67781421 (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.-M.L.); (J.-T.F.); (S.-G.C.); (L.-F.Y.); (L.Y.); (L.-F.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-G.S.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-0371-67781417 (Z.-G.S.); +86-0371-67781421 (H.W.)
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Apostel A, Rose J. Avian navigation: Head direction cells in the quail hippocampus. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R781-R783. [PMID: 34157259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Birds are experts in many behaviors akin to those in mammals that are known to involve the hippocampus, yet the avian hippocampus is still poorly understood. A new study finds head-direction cells, but not place cells, in the hippocampal formation of quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Apostel
- Neural Basis of Learning, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jonas Rose
- Neural Basis of Learning, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
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30
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Ben-Yishay E, Krivoruchko K, Ron S, Ulanovsky N, Derdikman D, Gutfreund Y. Directional tuning in the hippocampal formation of birds. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2592-2602.e4. [PMID: 33974847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Birds strongly rely on spatial memory and navigation. Therefore, it is of utmost interest to reveal how space is represented in the avian brain. Here we used tetrodes to record neurons from the hippocampal formation of Japanese quails-a ground-dwelling species-while the quails roamed in an open-field arena. Whereas spatially modulated cells (place cells, grid cells, border cells) were generally not encountered, the firing rate of about 12% of the neurons was unimodally and significantly modulated by the head azimuth-i.e., these were head-direction cells (HD cells). Typically, HD cells were maximally active at one preferred direction and minimally at the opposite null direction, with preferred directions spanning all 360° across the population. The preferred direction was independent of the animal's position and speed and was stable during the recording session. The HD tuning was broader compared to that of HD cells in rodents, and most cells had non-zero baseline firing in all directions. However, similar to findings in rodents, the HD tuning usually rotated with the rotation of a salient visual cue in the arena. Thus, these findings support the existence of an allocentric HD representation in the quail hippocampal formation and provide the first demonstration of HD cells in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhanan Ben-Yishay
- Department of Neurobiology, Rappaport Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Ksenia Krivoruchko
- Department of Neurobiology, Rappaport Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Shaked Ron
- Department of Neurobiology, Rappaport Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Nachum Ulanovsky
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dori Derdikman
- Department of Neurobiology, Rappaport Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Yoram Gutfreund
- Department of Neurobiology, Rappaport Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3525422, Israel.
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Abstract
Species throughout the animal kingdom use the Earth's magnetic field (MF) to navigate using either or both of two mechanisms. The first relies on magnetite crystals in tissue where their magnetic moments align with the MF to transduce a signal transmitted to the central nervous system. The second and the subject of this paper involves cryptochrome (CRY) proteins located in cone photoreceptors distributed across the retina, studied most extensively in birds. According to the "Radical Pair Mechanism" (RPM), blue/UV light excites CRY's flavin cofactor (FAD) to generate radical pairs whose singlet-to-triplet interconversion rate is modulated by an external MF. The signaling product of the RPM produces an impression of the field across the retinal surface. In birds, the resulting signal on the optic nerve is transmitted along the thalamofugal pathway to the primary visual cortex, which projects to brain regions concerned with image processing, memory, and executive function. The net result is a bird's orientation to the MF's inclination: its vector angle relative to the Earth's surface. The quality of ambient light (e.g., polarization) provides additional input to the compass. In birds, the Type IV CRY isoform appears pivotal to the compass, given its positioning within retinal cones; a cytosolic location therein indicating no role in the circadian clock; relatively steady diurnal levels (unlike Type II CRY's cycling); and a full complement of FAD (essential for photosensitivity). The evidence indicates that mammalian Type II CRY isoforms play a light-independent role in the cellular molecular clock without a photoreceptive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Brain
- Environmental Physiology, Molecular, and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bolte P, Einwich A, Seth PK, Chetverikova R, Heyers D, Wojahn I, Janssen-Bienhold U, Feederle R, Hore P, Dedek K, Mouritsen H. Cryptochrome 1a localisation in light- and dark-adapted retinae of several migratory and non-migratory bird species: no signs of light-dependent activation. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2020.1870571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bolte
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Einwich
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Pranav K. Seth
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Raisa Chetverikova
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heyers
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Irina Wojahn
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Janssen-Bienhold
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Dedek
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Zolotareva A, Utvenko G, Romanova N, Pakhomov A, Chernetsov N. Ontogeny of the star compass in birds: pied flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca) can establish the star compass in spring. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.237875. [PMID: 33436368 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The star compass of birds, like the sun compass, is not innate. To possess either of them, birds have to observe the rotating sky and determine its centre of rotation (in the case of the star compass) or the sun's movement (for the sun compass). Young birds are believed to learn how to use the star compass before their first migration, even though the evidence of this is lacking. Here, we tested whether hand-raised Pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) that had not established the star compass prior to their first autumn migration can gain it later in their ontogeny, in spring. We also attempted to examine whether the observation of diurnal celestial cues (the sun and polarized light) prior to autumn migration would affect the process of star compass learning in spring. When tested in the vertical magnetic field under the natural starry sky, the group of birds that observed the stars in spring as the first celestial cues were able to choose the migratory direction. In contrast, the birds that had never seen the stars were not able to use the nightly celestial cues in the vertical magnetic field. However, birds that had seen the daytime celestial cues till autumn and the stars at spring were disoriented, although this might be due to the small sample size. Our data suggest the possibility that the star compass may be learned in spring and emphasize the necessity for further research into the interaction of celestial compasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zolotareva
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybachy 238535, Kaliningrad Region, Russia
| | - Gleb Utvenko
- Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1 M. Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Romanova
- Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1 M. Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Pakhomov
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybachy 238535, Kaliningrad Region, Russia
| | - Nikita Chernetsov
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybachy 238535, Kaliningrad Region, Russia.,Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia
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34
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Wong SY, Solov'yov IA, Hore PJ, Kattnig DR. Nuclear polarization effects in cryptochrome-based magnetoreception. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:035102. [PMID: 33499614 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the magnetic compass sense of migratory songbirds is thought to involve magnetically sensitive chemical reactions of light-induced radical pairs in cryptochrome proteins located in the birds' eyes. However, it is not yet clear whether this mechanism would be sensitive enough to form the basis of a viable compass. In the present work, we report spin dynamics simulations of models of cryptochrome-based radical pairs to assess whether accumulation of nuclear spin polarization in multiple photocycles could lead to significant enhancements in the sensitivity with which the proteins respond to the direction of the geomagnetic field. Although buildup of nuclear polarization appears to offer sensitivity advantages in the more idealized model systems studied, we find that these enhancements do not carry over to conditions that more closely resemble the situation thought to exist in vivo. On the basis of these simulations, we conclude that buildup of nuclear polarization seems unlikely to be a source of significant improvements in the performance of cryptochrome-based radical pair magnetoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Ying Wong
- Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Kattnig
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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35
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Shukla V, Rani S, Malik S, Kumar V, Sadananda M. Neuromorphometric changes associated with photostimulated migratory phenotype in the Palaearctic-Indian male redheaded bunting. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2245-2256. [PMID: 32719907 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural substrates, including brain areas, differential gene expression and neuroendocrine basis, of migration are known. However, very little is known about structural changes in the brain that underlie the development and cessation of migration in long-distance avian migrants. Towards this, we investigated neuromorphological changes in the higher-order associative areas in male redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps), which is a Palaearctic-Indian night migrant with wintering grounds in India. Photosensitive birds (8L:16D; SD) were exposed to stimulatory long days (16L:8D; LD), with controls retained on non-stimulatory short days. LD birds depicted shifts to, and sustained night-time activity as recorded by actograms. LD birds demonstrated increased body mass, fat deposition and testicular volume in keeping with the migratory phenotype. When LD birds had exhibited 10.0 ± 2.4 cycles of Zugunruhe (intense nighttime activity in captives, akin to night migratory flight in the wild), bird brains were fixed by transcardial perfusion, and changes in the neuronal morphometry of pallial, sub-pallial and hypothalamic brain regions studied using rapid Golgi technique with modifications, as used and validated in our laboratory. There were significant differences in both area and perimeter of soma in the visual hyperpallium apicale implicated in migratory orientation and the neuroendocrine control region for timing of migration, the mediobasal hypothalamus. We attribute these neuromorphometric changes in the soma area and perimeter to the photostimulated changes associated with the development of migration and reproductive phenotypes in redheaded buntings. It is suggested that changes in the neuronal plasticity in brain control regions parallel photoperiod-induced physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Shukla
- Brain Research Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Monika Sadananda
- Brain Research Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka, India.
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Einwich A, Dedek K, Seth PK, Laubinger S, Mouritsen H. A novel isoform of cryptochrome 4 (Cry4b) is expressed in the retina of a night-migratory songbird. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15794. [PMID: 32978454 PMCID: PMC7519125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary sensory molecule underlying light-dependent magnetic compass orientation in migratory birds has still not been identified. The cryptochromes are the only known class of vertebrate proteins which could mediate this mechanism in the avian retina. Cryptochrome 4 of the night-migratory songbird the European robin (Erithacus rubecula; erCry4) has several of the properties needed to be the primary magnetoreceptor in the avian eye. Here, we report on the identification of a novel isoform of erCry4, which we named erCry4b. Cry4b includes an additional exon of 29 amino acids compared to the previously described form of Cry4, now called Cry4a. When comparing the retinal circadian mRNA expression pattern of the already known isoform erCry4a and the novel erCry4b isoform, we find that erCry4a is stably expressed throughout day and night, whereas erCry4b shows a diurnal mRNA oscillation. The differential characteristics of the two erCry4 isoforms regarding their 24-h rhythmicity in mRNA expression leads us to suggest that they might have different functions. Based on the 24-h expression pattern, erCry4a remains the more likely cryptochrome to be involved in radical-pair-based magnetoreception, but at the present time, an involvement of erCry4b cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Einwich
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Neurosensorics/Animal Navigation, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karin Dedek
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Neurosensorics/Animal Navigation, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Pranav Kumar Seth
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Neurosensorics/Animal Navigation, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Laubinger
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Evolutionäre Genetik der Pflanzen, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Neurosensorics/Animal Navigation, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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37
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Behroozi M, Helluy X, Ströckens F, Gao M, Pusch R, Tabrik S, Tegenthoff M, Otto T, Axmacher N, Kumsta R, Moser D, Genc E, Güntürkün O. Event-related functional MRI of awake behaving pigeons at 7T. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4715. [PMID: 32948772 PMCID: PMC7501281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-fMRI is a powerful method to understand neural mechanisms of cognition, but it remains a major challenge to scan actively participating small animals under low-stress conditions. Here, we present an event-related functional MRI platform in awake pigeons using single-shot RARE fMRI to investigate the neural fundaments for visually-guided decision making. We established a head-fixated Go/NoGo paradigm, which the animals quickly learned under low-stress conditions. The animals were motivated by water reward and behavior was assessed by logging mandibulations during the fMRI experiment with close to zero motion artifacts over hundreds of repeats. To achieve optimal results, we characterized the species-specific hemodynamic response function. As a proof-of-principle, we run a color discrimination task and discovered differential neural networks for Go-, NoGo-, and response execution-phases. Our findings open the door to visualize the neural fundaments of perceptual and cognitive functions in birds-a vertebrate class of which some clades are cognitively on par with primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Behroozi
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Ströckens
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland Pusch
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sepideh Tabrik
- Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Kumsta
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genc
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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The Role of Hp-NCL Network in Goal-Directed Routing Information Encoding of Bird: A Review. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090617. [PMID: 32906650 PMCID: PMC7563516 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed navigation is a crucial behavior for the survival of animals, especially for the birds having extraordinary spatial navigation ability. In the studies of the neural mechanism of the goal-directed behavior, especially involving the information encoding mechanism of the route, the hippocampus (Hp) and nidopallium caudalle (NCL) of the avian brain are the famous regions that play important roles. Therefore, they have been widely concerned and a series of studies surrounding them have increased our understandings of the navigation mechanism of birds in recent years. In this paper, we focus on the studies of the information encoding mechanism of the route in the avian goal-directed behavior. We first summarize and introduce the related studies on the role of the Hp and NCL for goal-directed behavior comprehensively. Furthermore, we review the related cooperative interaction studies about the Hp-NCL local network and other relevant brain regions supporting the goal-directed routing information encoding. Finally, we summarize the current situation and prospect the existing important questions in this field. We hope this paper can spark fresh thinking for the following research on routing information encoding mechanism of birds.
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Abstract
Comparative studies on brain asymmetry date back to the 19th century but then largely disappeared due to the assumption that lateralization is uniquely human. Since the reemergence of this field in the 1970s, we learned that left-right differences of brain and behavior exist throughout the animal kingdom and pay off in terms of sensory, cognitive, and motor efficiency. Ontogenetically, lateralization starts in many species with asymmetrical expression patterns of genes within the Nodal cascade that set up the scene for later complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. These take effect during different time points of ontogeny and create asymmetries of neural networks in diverse species. As a result, depending on task demands, left- or right-hemispheric loops of feedforward or feedback projections are then activated and can temporarily dominate a neural process. In addition, asymmetries of commissural transfer can shape lateralized processes in each hemisphere. It is still unclear if interhemispheric interactions depend on an inhibition/excitation dichotomy or instead adjust the contralateral temporal neural structure to delay the other hemisphere or synchronize with it during joint action. As outlined in our review, novel animal models and approaches could be established in the last decades, and they already produced a substantial increase of knowledge. Since there is practically no realm of human perception, cognition, emotion, or action that is not affected by our lateralized neural organization, insights from these comparative studies are crucial to understand the functions and pathologies of our asymmetric brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Ströckens
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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40
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da Costa ER, Henrique EP, da Silva JB, Pereira PDC, de Abreu CC, Fernandes TN, Magalhães NGM, de Jesus Falcão da Silva A, Guerreiro LCF, Diniz CG, Diniz CWP, Diniz DG. Changes in hippocampal astrocyte morphology of Ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) during the wintering period at the mangroves of Amazon River estuary. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 108:101805. [PMID: 32505650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for lipid neuronal metabolism in long-distance uninterrupted migratory flights, when glucose is not available as the main source of energy. We previously demonstrated in Calidris pusilla that after uninterrupted 5 days transatlantic flight, astrocytes shrink and reduce its number in the hippocampal formation. Here we shifted our attention to the wintering period and tested the hypothesis that hippocampal astrocyte morphology of A interpres will change as the wintering period progresses towards the premigration window. To that end we used Arenaria interpres, which also crosses the Atlantic Ocean and reaches the mangroves of the Amazon River estuary for wintering. Birds were captured in September/October (closer to the arrival in the coast of Bragança, Para, Brazil for wintering) and in April/May (closer to the departure towards the breeding sites) and had their brains processed for selective GFAP-astrocyte immunolabeling. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the immunostained astrocytes were performed and morphological classification was done based on hierarchical cluster and discriminant analysis of multimodal morphometric features. We found two morphological phenotypes of astrocytes in the newcomers which differentially increased its morphological complexities as wintering period progresses towards the pre-migration window. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the long-distance non-stop flight and wintering period differentially affected the two astrocytes morphotypes, suggesting distinct physiological roles for these cells. We suggest that morphological changes during the wintering period, may be part of the adaptive plasticity of the local hippocampal circuits of A. interpres in preparation for the long journey back to their breeding sites in the north hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Ramos da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - João Batista da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cintya Castro de Abreu
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Taiany Nogueira Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely Morais Magalhães
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Jesus Falcão da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luma Cristina Ferreira Guerreiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Avenida Almirante Barroso, 492, Marco, CEP: 66.093-020, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Henrique EP, Oliveira MA, Paulo DC, Pereira PDC, Dias C, Siqueira LS, Lima CM, Miranda DDA, Rego PS, Araripe J, Melo MAD, Diniz DG, Morais Magalhães NG, Sherry DF, Picanço Diniz CW, Diniz CG. Contrasting migratory journeys and changes in hippocampal astrocyte morphology in shorebirds. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:5687-5704. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Marcus Augusto Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Dario Carvalho Paulo
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Cleyssian Dias
- Curso de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Siqueira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Camila Mendes Lima
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Diego de Almeida Miranda
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Péricles Sena Rego
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Juliana Araripe
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Mauro André Damasceno Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas Laboratório de Miscroscopia Eletrônica Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely Morais Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - David Francis Sherry
- Department of Psychology Advanced Facility for Avian Research University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança Bragança Pará Brazil
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Torres D, Tidau S, Jenkins S, Davies T. Artificial skyglow disrupts celestial migration at night. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R696-R697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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43
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Lovell PV, Wirthlin M, Kaser T, Buckner AA, Carleton JB, Snider BR, McHugh AK, Tolpygo A, Mitra PP, Mello CV. ZEBrA: Zebra finch Expression Brain Atlas-A resource for comparative molecular neuroanatomy and brain evolution studies. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2099-2131. [PMID: 32037563 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the genetics and evolution of brain function and behavior requires a detailed mapping of gene expression in functional brain circuits across major vertebrate clades. Here we present the Zebra finch Expression Brain Atlas (ZEBrA; www.zebrafinchatlas.org, RRID: SCR_012988), a web-based resource that maps the expression of genes linked to a broad range of functions onto the brain of zebra finches. ZEBrA is a first of its kind gene expression brain atlas for a bird species and a first for any sauropsid. ZEBrA's >3,200 high-resolution digital images of in situ hybridized sections for ~650 genes (as of June 2019) are presented in alignment with an annotated histological atlas and can be browsed down to cellular resolution. An extensive relational database connects expression patterns to information about gene function, mouse expression patterns and phenotypes, and gene involvement in human diseases and communication disorders. By enabling brain-wide gene expression assessments in a bird, ZEBrA provides important substrates for comparative neuroanatomy and molecular brain evolution studies. ZEBrA also provides unique opportunities for linking genetic pathways to vocal learning and motor control circuits, as well as for novel insights into the molecular basis of sex steroids actions, brain dimorphisms, reproductive and social behaviors, sleep function, and adult neurogenesis, among many fundamental themes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Lovell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Morgan Wirthlin
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Taylor Kaser
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alexa A Buckner
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Julia B Carleton
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian R Snider
- Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anne K McHugh
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Partha P Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Claudio V Mello
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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44
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Nordmann GC, Malkemper EP, Landler L, Ushakova L, Nimpf S, Heinen R, Schuechner S, Ogris E, Keays DA. A high sensitivity ZENK monoclonal antibody to map neuronal activity in Aves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:915. [PMID: 31969617 PMCID: PMC6976653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ZENK is an immediate early gene that has been employed as a surrogate marker to map neuronal activity in the brain. It has been used in a wide variety of species, however, commercially available antibodies have limited immunoreactivity in birds. To address this issue we generated a new mouse monoclonal antibody, 7B7-A3, raised against ZENK from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). We show that 7B7-A3 labels clZENK in both immunoblots and histological stainings with high sensitivity and selectivity for its target. Using a sound stimulation paradigm we demonstrate that 7B7-A3 can detect activity-dependent ZENK expression at key stations of the central auditory pathway of the pigeon. Finally, we compare staining efficiency across three avian species and confirm that 7B7-A3 is compatible with immunohistochemical detection of ZENK in the rock pigeon, zebra finch, and domestic chicken. Taken together, 7B7-A3 represents a useful tool for the avian neuroscience community to map functional activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Charles Nordmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erich Pascal Malkemper
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Landler
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lyubov Ushakova
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Nimpf
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Heinen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schuechner
- Monoclonal Antibody Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Egon Ogris
- Monoclonal Antibody Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Anthony Keays
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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45
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Kobylkov D, Schwarze S, Michalik B, Winklhofer M, Mouritsen H, Heyers D. A newly identified trigeminal brain pathway in a night-migratory bird could be dedicated to transmitting magnetic map information. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192788. [PMID: 31964302 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Night-migratory songbirds can use geomagnetic information to navigate over thousands of kilometres with great precision. A crucial part of the magnetic 'map' information used by night-migratory songbirds is conveyed via the ophthalmic branches of the trigeminal nerves to the trigeminal brainstem complex, where magnetic-driven neuronal activation has been observed. However, it is not known how this information reaches the forebrain for further processing. Here, we show that the magnetically activated region in the trigeminal brainstem of migratory Eurasian blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) represents a morphologically distinctive neuronal population with an exclusive and previously undescribed projection to the telencephalic frontal nidopallium. This projection is clearly different from the known trigeminal somatosensory pathway that we also confirmed both by neuronal tracing and by a thorough morphometric analysis of projecting neurons. The new pathway we identified here represents part of a brain circuit that-based on the known nidopallial connectivities in birds-could potentially transmit magnetic 'map' information to key multisensory integration centres in the brain known to be critically involved in spatial memory formation, cognition and/or controlling executive behaviour, such as navigation, in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kobylkov
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Susanne Schwarze
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.,AG 'Sensory Biology of Animals', University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Bianca Michalik
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.,AG 'Sensory Biology of Animals', University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Dominik Heyers
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
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46
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Player TC, Hore PJ. Viability of superoxide-containing radical pairs as magnetoreceptors. J Chem Phys 2020; 151:225101. [PMID: 31837685 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of night-migratory songbirds to sense the direction of the Earth's magnetic field is increasingly attributed to a photochemical mechanism in which the magnetic field acts on transient radical pairs in cryptochrome flavoproteins located in the birds' eyes. The magnetically sensitive species is commonly assumed to be [FAD•- TrpH•+], formed by sequential light-induced intraprotein electron transfers from a chain of tryptophan residues to the flavin adenine dinucleotide chromophore. However, some evidence points to superoxide, O2 •-, as an alternative partner for the flavin radical. The absence of hyperfine interactions in O2 •- could lead to a more sensitive magnetic compass, but only if the electron spin relaxation of the O2 •- radical is much slower than normally expected for a small mobile radical with an orbitally degenerate electronic ground state. In this study we use spin dynamics simulations to model the sensitivity of a flavin-superoxide radical pair to the direction of a 50 μT magnetic field. By varying parameters that characterize the local environment and molecular dynamics of the radicals, we identify the highly restrictive conditions under which a O2 •--containing radical pair could form the basis of a geomagnetic compass sensor. We conclude that the involvement of superoxide in compass magnetoreception must remain highly speculative until further experimental evidence is forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Player
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P J Hore
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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47
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Kobylkov D, Wynn J, Winklhofer M, Chetverikova R, Xu J, Hiscock H, Hore PJ, Mouritsen H. Electromagnetic 0.1-100 kHz noise does not disrupt orientation in a night-migrating songbird implying a spin coherence lifetime of less than 10 µs. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190716. [PMID: 31847760 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the currently prevailing theory, the magnetic compass sense in night-migrating birds relies on a light-dependent radical-pair-based mechanism. It has been shown that radio waves at megahertz frequencies disrupt magnetic orientation in migratory birds, providing evidence for a quantum-mechanical origin of the magnetic compass. Still, many crucial properties, e.g. the lifetime of the proposed magnetically sensitive radical pair, remain unknown. The current study aims to estimate the spin coherence time of the radical pair, based on the behavioural responses of migratory birds to broadband electromagnetic fields covering the frequency band 0.1-100 kHz. A finding that the birds were unable to use their magnetic compass under these conditions would imply surprisingly long-lived (greater than 10 µs) spin coherence. However, we observed no effect of 0.1-100 kHz radiofrequency (RF) fields on the orientation of night-migratory Eurasian blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). This suggests that the lifetime of the spin coherence involved in magnetoreception is shorter than the period of the highest frequency RF fields used in this experiment (i.e. approx. 10 µs). This result, in combination with an earlier study showing that 20-450 kHz electromagnetic fields disrupt magnetic compass orientation, suggests that the spin coherence lifetime of the magnetically sensitive radical pair is in the range 2-10 µs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kobylkov
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joe Wynn
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,AG 'Sensory Biology of Animals', University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Raisa Chetverikova
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Xu
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hamish Hiscock
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P J Hore
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- AG 'Neurosensorik', University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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48
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Mendes de Lima C, Douglas Corrêa Pereira P, Pereira Henrique E, Augusto de Oliveira M, Carvalho Paulo D, Silva de Siqueira L, Guerreiro Diniz D, Almeida Miranda D, André Damasceno de Melo M, Gyzely de Morais Magalhães N, Francis Sherry D, Wanderley Picanço Diniz C, Guerreiro Diniz C. Differential Change in Hippocampal Radial Astrocytes and Neurogenesis in Shorebirds With Contrasting Migratory Routes. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:82. [PMID: 31680881 PMCID: PMC6798042 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about environmental influences on radial glia-like (RGL) α cells (radial astrocytes) and their relation to neurogenesis. Because radial glia is involved in adult neurogenesis and astrogenesis, we investigated this association in two migratory shorebird species that complete their autumnal migration using contrasting strategies. Before their flights to South America, the birds stop over at the Bay of Fundy in Canada. From there, the semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) crosses the Atlantic Ocean in a non-stop 5-day flight, whereas the semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) flies primarily overland with stopovers for rest and feeding. From the hierarchical cluster analysis of multimodal morphometric features, followed by the discriminant analysis, the radial astrocytes were classified into two main morphotypes, Type I and Type II. After migration, we detected differential changes in the morphology of these cells that were more intense in Type I than in Type II in both species. We also compared the number of doublecortin (DCX)-immunolabeled neurons with morphometric features of radial glial-like α cells in the hippocampal V region between C. pusilla and C. semipalmatus before and after autumn migration. Compared to migrating birds, the convex hull surface area of radial astrocytes increased significantly in wintering individuals in both C. semipalmatus and C. pusilla. Although to a different extent we found a strong correlation between the increase in the convex hull surface area and the increase in the total number of DCX immunostained neurons in both species. Despite phylogenetic differences, it is of interest to note that the increased morphological complexity of radial astrocytes in C. semipalmatus coincides with the fact that during the migratory process over the continent, the visuospatial environment changes more intensely than that associated with migration over Atlantic. The migratory flight of the semipalmated plover, with stopovers for feeding and rest, vs. the non-stop flight of the semipalmated sandpiper may differentially affect radial astrocyte morphology and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Mendes de Lima
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Marcus Augusto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Dario Carvalho Paulo
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Diego Almeida Miranda
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Mauro André Damasceno de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - David Francis Sherry
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
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49
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Zhao K, Nie J, Yang L, Liu X, Shang Z, Wan H. Hippocampus-nidopallium caudolaterale interactions exist in the goal-directed behavior of pigeon. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:257-265. [PMID: 31541677 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Avian hippocampus (Hp) and nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) are believed to play key roles in goal-directed behavior. However, it is still unclear whether there are interactions between the two brain regions in the goal-directed behavior of pigeons. To investigate the interactions between the Hp and the NCL in the goal-directed behavior, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals from the two regions simultaneously when the pigeons performed a goal-directed decision-making task. Amplitude-amplitude coupling analysis revealed that the coupling value between the LFP recorded from the Hp and that from the NCL increased significantly (P < 0.05) in slow gamma-band (40-60 Hz) during the turning area. In addition, the LFP functional network analysis demonstrated the LFP functional connections between the Hp and the NCL increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the turning area. The result of partial directed coherence (PDC) analysis showed that the predominant direction of information flow is thought to be from the Hp to the NCL. These findings suggest that there are causal functional interactions between the Hp and the NCL by which information is transmitted between the two regions relevant to goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiejie Nie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Zhigang Shang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Hong Wan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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50
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Abstract
Birds can use two kinds of information from the geomagnetic field for navigation: the direction of the field lines as a compass and probably magnetic intensity as a component of the navigational ‘map’. The direction of the magnetic field appears to be sensed via radical pair processes in the eyes, with the crucial radical pairs formed by cryptochrome. It is transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain, where parts of the visual system seem to process the respective information. Magnetic intensity appears to be perceived by magnetite-based receptors in the beak region; the information is transmitted by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve to the trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal brainstem nuclei. Yet in spite of considerable progress in recent years, many details are still unclear, among them details of the radical pair processes and their transformation into a nervous signal, the precise location of the magnetite-based receptors and the centres in the brain where magnetic information is combined with other navigational information for the navigational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roswitha Wiltschko
- FB Biowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiltschko
- FB Biowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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