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Fajardo C RJ, Clavijo C, Díaz GJ, Cadavid LF. Tissue distribution and expression dynamics of trefoil factor genes in the hydroid Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Gene 2024; 929:148824. [PMID: 39103057 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Proteins of the trefoil factor family (TFF) participate in mucosal repair and are formed by single or tandemly repeated trefoil domains. TFFs have been extensively studied in mammals and amphibians, but they have not been functionally characterized in other animals. Here we report the identification of two genes expressed in the hydroid Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, predicted to encode trefoil domain-containing peptides, one with four trefoil domains in tandem and the other one with a trefoil domain flanked by two ShKT domains. Differential expression analyses by qPCR after an immune challenge and an induced mechanical damage, reveal that the former gene (hysyTFF) had no significant changes in expression after the inductions. However, the latter (hysyTFF-like) was overexpressed after three hours post immune challenge and was downregulated after the first hour post epithelial damage. Immunoblot analyses using specific IgY antibodies revealed that hysyTFF is secreted as a high molecular weight complex. Finally, whole mount immunofluorescence assays showed that hysyTFF was predominantly expressed in the endoderm of stolons and polyps, and sparsely in the ectoderm of both polyps and larvae. Thus, the tissue distribution and expression dynamics of trefoil factor genes in H. symbiolongicarpus suggest that hysyTFF is part of an ancient mechanism of epithelial restitution, and the newly reported hysyTFF-like might act as an immune effector gene, perhaps encoding an antibacterial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Johana Fajardo C
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Clavijo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo J Díaz
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis F Cadavid
- Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
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2
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Said NM, El-Shaer NH. Association of serum trefoil factor 3 and leptin levels with obesity: A case-control study. Cytokine 2024; 181:156690. [PMID: 38996578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has a detrimental impact on individuals, communities, and healthcare systems. Trefoil factor 3 is a secretory protein involved in metabolic processes related to weight regulation. However, its relation with obesity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the serum trefoil factor 3 level and to immunohistochemical detect the leptin in obese patients to evaluate their relation to obesity pathogenesis. METHODS As a case-control study, we enrolled 83 non-obese persons as a control group with a BMI (18.5-24.9) and 83 obese persons as a patient group with a BMI > 30. All the study volunteers are subjected to anthropometric measurements, glucose, and lipid profile analysis by colorimetric methods. Serum trefoil factor 3 level was estimated by ELISA and leptin hormone was detected immunohistochemically in the blood using cell block technique. RESULTS ROC curve analysis for TFF3 showed a good relation with obesity with an AUC of 0.891 and a cut-off value of > 96 ng/ml. There was a significant positive correlation between TFF3 and fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The logistic regression analysis showed that TFF3 is a good risk factor for obesity incidence [p = 0.008; OR = 1.117; (95 % CI): 1.029-1.213]. This was confirmed by multiple linear regression that gave an equation for the possibility of predicting BMI using several factors including TFF3 [BMI = 0.821 + 0.051 × TFF3 + 0.044 × FBS + 0.85 × TC]. The more surprising was the ability of the immunohistochemistry cell block technique to detect leptin antigens associated with an obese person blood not only adipose tissue or serum. CONCLUSION Leptin hormone and TFF3 could be good indicators for obesity incidence. Further research with a larger sample size and in different populations could completely approve our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mohamed Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Nahla H El-Shaer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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3
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Shah A, Jahan R, Kisling SG, Atri P, Natarajan G, Nallasamy P, Cox JL, Macha MA, Sheikh IA, Ponnusamy MP, Kumar S, Batra SK. Secretory Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) promotes gemcitabine resistance through chemokine receptor CXCR4 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217097. [PMID: 38964729 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is the first-line treatment option for patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the frequent adoption of resistance to gemcitabine by cancer cells poses a significant challenge in treating this aggressive disease. In this study, we focused on analyzing the role of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) in gemcitabine resistance in PDAC. Analysis of PDAC TCGA and cell line datasets indicated an enrichment of TFF1 in the gemcitabine-resistant classical subtype and suggested an inverse correlation between TFF1 expression and sensitivity to gemcitabine treatment. The genetic ablation of TFF1 in PDAC cells enhanced their sensitivity to gemcitabine treatment in both in vitro and in vivo tumor xenografts. The biochemical studies revealed that TFF1 contributes to gemcitabine resistance through enhanced stemness, increasing migration ability of cancer cells, and induction of anti-apoptotic genes. We further pursued studies to predict possible receptors exerting TFF1-mediated gemcitabine resistance. Protein-protein docking investigations with BioLuminate software revealed that TFF1 binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which was supported by real-time binding analysis of TFF1 and CXCR4 using SPR studies. The exogenous addition of TFF1 increased the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells through the pAkt/pERK axis, which was abrogated by treatment with a CXCR4-specific antagonist AMD3100. Overall, the present study demonstrates the contribution of the TFF1-CXCR4 axis in imparting gemcitabine resistance properties to PDAC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Gemcitabine
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Trefoil Factor-1/genetics
- Trefoil Factor-1/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Mice
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Mice, Nude
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Molecular Docking Simulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sophia G Kisling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5950, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5950, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5950, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5950, USA.
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Samir S, El-Ashry M, Soliman W, Hassan M. Urinary biomarkers analysis as a diagnostic tool for early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Molecular quantification approach. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108171. [PMID: 39159599 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is infrequent. Currently, non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of PDAC are not accessible. Here, we intended to identify a set of urine markers able to discriminate patients with early-stage PDAC from healthy individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-five urine samples from PDAC patients and 50 healthy controls were assayed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The chosen biomarkers were lymphatic vessel endothelial HA receptor (LYVE-1), regenerating islet-derived 1 alpha (REG1A), and trefoil factor family (TFF1). RESULTS LYVE-1, REG1A, and TFF1 expression in PDAC proved to be significantly elevated compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Determination of these markers' expression might be useful for early tumor diagnosis with a sensitivity of 96 %, 100 %, and 73.33 % respectively, and a specificity of 100 %, 82 %, and 100 % respectively. CONCLUSION We have recognized three diagnostic biomarkers REG1A, TFF1, and LYVE1 that can detect patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer in non-invasive urine specimens with improved sensitivity and specificity. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no prior investigations examining the mRNA expression levels of them in urine within the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Samir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Ashry
- Surgery Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Waleed Soliman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
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Zhai G, Fu W, Yuan S, Sun P, Zhu C, Zhao C, Zhang X, Xu J. A fusion protein approach to integrate antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities for developing new therapeutics against influenza A virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105924. [PMID: 38862076 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Human interferon α2 (IFNα2) is a cytokine with broad-spectrum antiviral activity, and its engineered forms are widely used to treat viral infections. However, IFNα2 may trigger proinflammatory responses and underlying side effects during treatment. Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is a secreted protein with anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we explored whether coupling IFNα2 to TFF2 in a two-in-one fusion form could combine the beneficial effects of both molecules on viral infections toward a more desirable treatment outcome. We engineered two forms of human IFNα2 and TFF2 fusion proteins, IFNα2-TFF2-Fc (ITF) and TFF2-IFNα2-Fc (TIF), and examined their properties in vitro in comparison to IFNα2 and TFF2 alone. RNA-Seq was further used to explore such comparison on dynamic gene regulation at transriptomic level. These in vitro assessments collectively indicated that TIF largely retained the antiviral activity of IFNα2 while being a weaker inflammation inducer, consistent with the presence of TFF2 activity. We further demonstrated the superiority of TIF over IFNα2 or TFF2 alone in treating influenza infection using a mouse infection model. Together, our study provided evidence supporting that, by possessing antiviral activity conferred by IFNα2 with complementation from TFF2 in suppressing the inflammatory side effects, the fusion proteins, particularly TIF, represent more effective agents against influenza and other respiratory viral infections than IFNα2 or TFF2 alone. It implies that merging two molecules with complementary functions holds potential for developing novel therapeutics against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Zhai
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Weihui Fu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Songhua Yuan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Cuisong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Di Mattia M, Sallese M, Neri M, Lopetuso LR. Hypoxic Functional Regulation Pathways in the GI Tract: Focus on the HIF-1α and Microbiota's Crosstalk. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1406-1418. [PMID: 38484200 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an essential gastrointestinal (GI) tract phenomenon that influences both physiologic and pathologic states. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the primary drivers of cell adaptation to low-oxygen environments, have been identified as critical regulators of gut homeostasis: directly, through the induction of different proteins linked to intestinal barrier stabilization (ie, adherent proteins, tight junctions, mucins, integrins, intestinal trefoil factor, and adenosine); and indirectly, through the regulation of several immune cell types and the modulation of autophagy and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, hypoxia and HIF-related sensing pathways influence the delicate relationship existing between bacteria and mammalian host cells. In turn, gut commensals establish and maintain the physiologic hypoxia of the GI tract and HIF-α expression. Based on this premise, the goals of this review are to (1) highlight hypoxic molecular pathways in the GI tract, both in physiologic and pathophysiologic settings, such as inflammatory bowel disease; and (2) discuss a potential strategy for ameliorating gut-related disorders, by targeting HIF signaling, which can alleviate inflammatory processes, restore autophagy correct mechanisms, and benefit the host-microbiota equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Di Mattia
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Neri
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Downie JM, Musich RJ, Geraghty CM, Caraballo A, He S, Khawaled S, Lachut K, Long T, Zhou JY, Yilmaz OH, Stappenbeck T, Chan AT, Drew DA. Optimizing single-cell RNA sequencing methods for human colon biopsies: droplet-based vs. picowell-based platforms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600526. [PMID: 38979379 PMCID: PMC11230261 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background & Aims Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA) has empowered many insights into gastrointestinal microenvironments. However, profiling human biopsies using droplet-based scRNA (D-scRNA) is challenging since it requires immediate processing to minimize epithelial cell damage. In contrast, picowell-based (P-scRNA) platforms permit short-term frozen storage before sequencing. We compared P- and D-scRNA platforms on cells derived from human colon biopsies. Methods Endoscopic rectosigmoid mucosal biopsies were obtained from two adults and conducted D-scRNA (10X Chromium) and P-scRNA (Honeycomb HIVE) in parallel using an individual's pool of single cells (> 10,000 cells/participant). Three experiments were performed to evaluate 1) P-scRNA with cells under specific storage conditions (immediately processed [fresh], vs. frozen at -20C vs. -80C [2 weeks]); 2) fresh P-scRNA versus fresh D-scRNA; and 3) P-scRNA stored at -80C with fresh D-scRNA. Results Significant recovery of loaded cells was achieved for fresh (80.9%) and -80C (48.5%) P-scRNA and D-scRNA (76.6%), but not -20C P-scRNA (3.7%). However, D-scRNA captures more typeable cells among recovered cells (71.5% vs. 15.8% Fresh and 18.4% -80C P-scRNA), and these cells exhibit higher gene coverage at the expense of higher mitochondrial read fractions across most cell types. Cells profiled using D-scRNA demonstrated more consistent gene expression profiles among the same cell type than those profiled using P-scRNA. Significant intra-cell-type differences were observed in profiled gene classes across platforms. Conclusions Our results highlight non-overlapping advantages of P-scRNA and D-scRNA and underscore the need for innovation to enable high-fidelity capture of colonic epithelial cells. The platform-specific variation highlights the challenges of maintaining rigor and reproducibility across studies that use different platforms.
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Fu Y, Yuan P, Everaert N, Comer L, Jiang S, Jiao N, Huang L, Yuan X, Yang W, Li Y. Effects of Chinese Gallotannins on Antioxidant Function, Intestinal Health, and Gut Flora in Broilers Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1915. [PMID: 38998028 PMCID: PMC11240627 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the protective effects of dietary Chinese gallotannins (CGT) supplementation against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury in broilers. Four hundred and fifty healthy Arbor Acres broilers (one-day-old) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) basal diet (CON group), (2) basal diet with LPS challenge (LPS group), and (3) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg CGT as well as LPS challenge (LPS+CGT group). The experiment lasted for 21 days. Intraperitoneal LPS injections were administered to broilers in the LPS group and the LPS+CGT group on days 17, 19, and 21 of the trial, whereas the CON group received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% physiological saline. Blood and intestinal mucosa samples were collected 3 h after the LPS challenge. The results showed that LPS administration induced intestinal inflammation and apoptosis and damaged small intestinal morphology and structure in broilers. However, dietary supplementation with CGT alleviated the deleterious effects on intestinal morphology and barrier integrity caused by the LPS challenge, while also reducing intestinal apoptosis and inflammation, enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity, and increasing cecal microbial alpha diversity in the LPS-challenged broilers. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that a 300 mg/kg CGT addition could improve intestinal morphology and gut barrier structure, as well as maintaining bacterial homeostasis, in broilers exposed to LPS. This might partially be attributed to the reduced cell apoptosis, decreased inflammatory response, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in the small intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Luke Comer
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Ning Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Libo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Weiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
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Nabil G, Ahmed YH, Ahmed O, Milad SS, Hisham M, Rafat M, Atia M, Shokry AA. Argel's stemmoside C as a novel natural remedy for mice with alcohol-induced gastric ulcer based on its molecular mechanistic pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117970. [PMID: 38428660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solenostemma argel is widely distributed in Africa & Asia with traditional usage in alleviating abdominal colic, aches, & cramps. This plant is rich in phytochemicals, which must be explored for its pharmacological effects. PURPOSE Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the digestion of the digestive tube. PUD not only interferes with food digestion & nutrient absorption, damages one of the largest defensive barriers against pathogenic micro-organisms, but also impedes drug absorption & bioavailability, rendering the oral route, the most convenient way, ineffective. Omeprazole, one of the indispensable cost-effective proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) extensively prescribed to control PUD, is showing growing apprehensions toward multiple drug interactions & side effects. Hence, finding a natural alternative with Omeprazole-like activity & limited side effects is a medical concern. STUDY DESIGN Therefore, we present Stemmoside C as a new gastroprotective phytochemical agent isolated from Solenostemma argel to be tested in upgrading doses against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice compared to negative, positive, & reference Omeprazole groups. METHODS We carried out in-depth pharmacological & histopathological studies to determine the possible mechanistic pathway. RESULTS Our results showed that Stemmoside C protected the stomach against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers parallel to Omeprazole. Furthermore, the mechanistic studies revealed that Stemmoside C produced its effect using an orchestrated array of different mechanisms. Stemmoside C stimulates stomach defense by increasing COX-2, PGE-2, NO, & TFF-1 healing factors, IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine, & Nrf-2 & HO-1 anti-oxidant pathways. It also suppresses stomach ulceration by inhibiting leucocyte recruitment, especially neutrophils, leading to subsequent inhibition of NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β, & iNOS pro-inflammatory cytokines & JAK-1/STAT-3 inflammation-induced carcinogenicity cascade in addition to MMP-9 responsible for tissue degradation. CONCLUSION These findings cast light on Stemmoside C's clinical application against gastric ulcer progression, recurrence, & tumorigenicity & concurrently with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Nabil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Omaima Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Selvia S Milad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hisham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Rafat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Aya A Shokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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10
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Won Y, Jang B, Lee SH, Reyzer ML, Presentation KS, Kim H, Caldwell B, Zhang C, Lee HS, Lee C, Trinh VQ, Tan MCB, Kim K, Caprioli RM, Choi E. Oncogenic Fatty Acid Metabolism Rewires Energy Supply Chain in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:772-786.e14. [PMID: 38272100 PMCID: PMC11040571 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric carcinogenesis develops within a sequential carcinogenic cascade from precancerous metaplasia to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma, and oncogenic gene activation can drive the process. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a key mechanism for cancer cell growth and proliferation. However, how metabolic changes contribute to the progression of metaplasia to dysplasia remains unclear. We have examined metabolic dynamics during gastric carcinogenesis using a novel mouse model that induces Kras activation in zymogen-secreting chief cells. METHODS We generated a Gif-rtTA;TetO-Cre;KrasG12D (GCK) mouse model that continuously induces active Kras expression in chief cells after doxycycline treatment. Histologic examination and imaging mass spectrometry were performed in the GCK mouse stomachs at 2 to 14 weeks after doxycycline treatment. Mouse and human gastric organoids were used for metabolic enzyme inhibitor treatment. The GCK mice were treated with a stearoyl- coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) inhibitor to inhibit the fatty acid desaturation. Tissue microarrays were used to assess the SCD expression in human gastrointestinal cancers. RESULTS The GCK mice developed metaplasia and high-grade dysplasia within 4 months. Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to fatty acid metabolism occurred during metaplasia progression to dysplasia. Altered fatty acid desaturation through SCD produces a novel eicosenoic acid, which fuels dysplastic cell hyperproliferation and survival. The SCD inhibitor killed both mouse and human dysplastic organoids and selectively targeted dysplastic cells in vivo. SCD was up-regulated during carcinogenesis in human gastrointestinal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Active Kras expression only in gastric chief cells drives the full spectrum of gastric carcinogenesis. Also, oncogenic metabolic rewiring is an essential adaptation for high-energy demand in dysplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Won
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michelle L Reyzer
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly S Presentation
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hyesung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Brianna Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vincent Q Trinh
- The Digital Histology and Advanced Pathology Research, The Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC) of the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcus C B Tan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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11
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Masumoto Y, Matsuo S, Kinjou N, Narieda Y, Wada M, Fujimoto K. The expression of trefoil factor family member 2 in increased at an acidic pH. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:212. [PMID: 38572063 PMCID: PMC10988190 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) is significantly involved in intestinal tumor growth in ApcMin/+ mice, which can be used as a human colon cancer model. TFF2, which encodes TFF2 (spasmolytic protein 1) is highly expressed in human cancer tissues, including the pancreas, colon and bile ducts, as well as in normal gastric and duodenum tissues. By contrast, TFF2 exhibits low expression levels in other normal tissues, including the small and large intestine. Furthermore, TFF2 expression has not been detected in DLD-1 cells, a cell line derived from human colon cancer. What induces TFF2 expression in normal and tumor cells is still unknown. Highly malignant tumor tissues are characterized by higher temperatures and lower pH (6.2-6.9) than in normal tissues, where normal pH ranges from 7.2 to 7.4. This microenvironment exacerbates malignancy by promoting the acquisition of cell death resistance, drug resistance and immune escape. Therefore, the present study examined how TFF2 expression is affected in cultured cells that imitate the tumor tissue microenvironment. The incubation temperature was increased from 37 to 40°C, but no expression of TFF2 was induced. Subsequently, a culture solution with an acidic pH was prepared to simulate the Warburg effect in tumors. TFF2 expression was increased by 42.8- and 5.8-fold in cells cultured in acidic medium at pH 6.5 and 6.8 compared with at pH 7.4, respectively, as determined using the relative quantification method following quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study also analyzed fluctuations in the expression levels of genes other than TFF2, under acidic conditions. Acidic conditions upregulated the expression of genes related to cell membranes and glycoproteins, based on the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. In conclusion, TFF2 was highly expressed under acidic conditions, implying that it may have an important function in protecting the plasma membrane from acidic environments in both normal and cancer cells. These findings warrant further investigation of TFF2 as a target of cancer therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Masumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Suzuka Matsuo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Natsuno Kinjou
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Yuka Narieda
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Morimasa Wada
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujimoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
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12
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Liu X, Yuan Z, Luo L, Wang T, Zhao F, Zhang J, Liu D. Protective role of fruits of Rosa odorata var. gigantea against WIRS-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats by modulating pathway related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:263-273. [PMID: 38706820 PMCID: PMC11064581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Rosa odorata var. gigantea is a popular medicinal plant. Some studies have demonstrated that ethanolic extract of the fruits of R. odorata var. gigantea (FOE) has gastroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective activity of FOE on water immersion restrained stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal injury in a rat model and elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Methods A rat stress ulcer model was established in this study using WIRS. After rats were treated with FOE orally for 7 d, the effect of FOE treatment was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the changes of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors, and gastric-specific regulatory factors and pepsin in the blood and gastric tissues of rats were examined by ELISA assay. Molecular mechanism of FOE was investigated by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot. Results Compared with the WIRS group, FOE could diminish both the macroscopic and microscopic pathological morphology of gastric mucosa. FOE significantly preserved the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) contents; anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels as well as regulatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TGF-α) and somatostatin (SS) contents, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), gastrin (GAS) and endothelin (ET) levels. Moreover, FOE distinctly upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, FOE activated the expression of p-EGFR and downregulated the expression of NF-κB, Bax, Cleaved-caspase-3, Cyto-C and Cleaved-PARP1, thus promoting gastric mucosal cell survival. Conclusion The current work demonstrated that FOE exerted a gastroprotective activity against gastric mucosal injury induced by WIRS. The underlying mechanism might be associated with the improvement of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Teng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Dailin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
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Liu X, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Li W, Yin J, Shi A, Wang J, Wang S. 2'-Fucosyllactose Promotes Colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevents Colitis In Vitro and in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4765-4776. [PMID: 38393978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a potential candidate for ulcerative colitis prevention. Considering that it utilizes 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) for growth, 2'FL can be used to enrich the abundance of A. muciniphila in feces. However, whether the crosswalk between 2'FL and A. muciniphila can promote the intestinal colonization of A. muciniphila remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effect and the underlying mechanism of 2'FL on the colonization of A. muciniphila in vitro and in vivo as well as its alleviating effect on colitis. Our results revealed that 2'FL can serve as a carbon source of A. muciniphila to support the growth and increase cell-surface hydrophobicity and the expression of the genes coding fibronectin-binding autotransporter adhesin to promote the adhesion to Caco2/HT29 methotrexate (MTX) cells but not of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and glucose. Moreover, 2'FL could increase the host mucin formation to promote the adhesion of A. muciniphila to Caco2/HT29 MTX cells but not of GOS and glucose. Furthermore, 2'FL could significantly increase the colonization of A. muciniphila in the gut to alleviate colitis in mice. Overall, the interplay between A. muciniphila and 2'FL is expected to provide an advantageous ecological niche for A. muciniphila so as to confer further health benefits against colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wanhua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Aiying Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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14
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Zhang W, Huang H, Liu X, Zhang L, Li L, Ding Y, Xiao Y, Ali MJ, Sun H, Xiao C. scRNA-Seq: First Atlas and Cellular Landscape of Lacrimal Sac: Implications in Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Pathogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:38. [PMID: 38551583 PMCID: PMC10981439 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the transcriptional changes of individual cellular components in the lacrimal sac in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and attempt to construct the first lacrimal sac cellular atlas to elucidate the potential mechanisms that may drive the disease pathogenesis. Methods Lacrimal sac samples were obtained intra-operatively during the endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) procedure from five patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to analyze each individual cell population including epithelial and immune cells during the early inflammatory and late inflammatory phases of the disease. Results Eleven cell types were identified among 25,791 cells. T cells and B cells were the cell populations with the greatest variation in cell numbers between the two phases and were involved in immune response and epithelium migration-related pathways. The present study showed that epithelial cells highly expressed the genes of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and were involved in influencing the inflammation, neutrophil chemotaxis, and migration during the late inflammatory stage. Enhanced activity of CXCLs-CXCRs between the epithelial cells and neutrophils was noted by the cell-cell communication analysis and is suspected to play a role in inflammation by recruiting more neutrophils. Conclusions The study presents a comprehensive single-cell landscape of the lacrimal sac cells in different phases of PANDO. The contribution of T cells, B cells, and epithelial cells to the inflammatory response, and construction of the intercellular signaling networks between the cells within the lacrimal sac has further enhanced the present understanding of the PANDO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, Xinjiang 474 Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiwen Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Acosta JE, Burns JL, Hillyer LM, Van K, Brendel EBK, Law C, Ma DWL, Monk JM. Effect of Lifelong Exposure to Dietary Plant and Marine Sources of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Morphologic and Gene Expression Biomarkers of Intestinal Health in Early Life. Nutrients 2024; 16:719. [PMID: 38474847 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered intestinal health is also associated with the incidence and severity of many chronic inflammatory conditions, which could be attenuated via dietary n-3 PUFA interventions. However, little is known about the effect of lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA from plant and marine sources (beginning in utero via the maternal diet) on early life biomarkers of intestinal health. Harems of C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three isocaloric AIN-93G modified diets differing in their fat sources consisting of the following: (i) 10% safflower oil (SO, enriched in n-6 PUFA), (ii) 3% flaxseed oil + 7% safflower oil (FX, plant-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet), or (iii) 3% menhaden fish oil + 7% safflower oil (MO, marine-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet). Mothers remained on these diets throughout pregnancy and offspring (n = 14/diet) continued on the same parental diet until termination at 3 weeks of age. In ileum, villi:crypt length ratios were increased in both the FX and MO dietary groups compared to SO (p < 0.05). Ileum mRNA expression of critical intestinal health biomarkers was increased by both n-3 PUFA-enriched diets including Relmβ and REG3γ compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the FX diet increased mRNA expression of TFF3 and Muc2 (p < 0.05) and only the MO diet increased mRNA expression of ZO-1 (p < 0.05). In the proximal colon, both the FX and MO diets increased crypt lengths compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the MO diet increased goblet cell numbers compared to SO (p < 0.05). Further, the MO diet increased proximal colon mRNA expression of Relmβ and REG3γ (p < 0.05) and both MO and FX increased mRNA expression of Muc2 compared to SO (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that lifelong exposure to dietary n-3 PUFA, beginning in utero, from both plant and marine sources, can support intestinal health development in early life. The differential effects between plant and marine sources warrants further investigation for optimizing health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna E Acosta
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lyn M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kelsey Van
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elaina B K Brendel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Camille Law
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Vantanasiri K, Kamboj AK, Kisiel JB, Iyer PG. Advances in Screening for Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:459-473. [PMID: 38276943 PMCID: PMC10922282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the primary form of esophageal cancer in the United States, is a lethal cancer with exponentially increasing incidence. Screening for Barrett esophagus (BE), the only known precursor to EAC, followed by endoscopic surveillance to detect dysplasia and early-stage EAC and subsequent endoscopic treatment (to prevent progression of dysplasia to EAC and to treat early-stage EAC effectively) is recommended by several society guidelines. Sedated endoscopy (the primary current tool for BE screening) is both invasive and expensive, limiting its widespread use. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of recent innovations in the nonendoscopic detection of BE and EAC. These include swallowable cell sampling devices combined with protein and epigenetic biomarkers (which are now guideline endorsed as alternatives to sedated endoscopy), tethered capsule endomicroscopy, emerging peripheral blood-sampled molecular biomarkers, and exhaled volatile organic compounds. We also summarize progress and challenges in assessing BE and EAC risk, which is an important complementary component of the process for the clinical implementation of these innovative nonendoscopic tools, and propose a new paradigm for the strategy to reduce EAC incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornpong Vantanasiri
- Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amrit K Kamboj
- Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John B Kisiel
- Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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17
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Öling S, Struck E, Noreen-Thorsen M, Zwahlen M, von Feilitzen K, Odeberg J, Pontén F, Lindskog C, Uhlén M, Dusart P, Butler LM. A human stomach cell type transcriptome atlas. BMC Biol 2024; 22:36. [PMID: 38355543 PMCID: PMC10865703 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of cell type-specific genes and their modification under different conditions is central to our understanding of human health and disease. The stomach, a hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract, provides an acidic environment that contributes to microbial defence and facilitates the activity of secreted digestive enzymes to process food and nutrients into chyme. In contrast to other sections of the gastrointestinal tract, detailed descriptions of cell type gene enrichment profiles in the stomach are absent from the major single-cell sequencing-based atlases. RESULTS Here, we use an integrative correlation analysis method to predict human stomach cell type transcriptome signatures using unfractionated stomach RNAseq data from 359 individuals. We profile parietal, chief, gastric mucous, gastric enteroendocrine, mitotic, endothelial, fibroblast, macrophage, neutrophil, T-cell, and plasma cells, identifying over 1600 cell type-enriched genes. CONCLUSIONS We uncover the cell type expression profile of several non-coding genes strongly associated with the progression of gastric cancer and, using a sex-based subset analysis, uncover a panel of male-only chief cell-enriched genes. This study provides a roadmap to further understand human stomach biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Öling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Vascular Research, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - E Struck
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Vascular Research, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Noreen-Thorsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Vascular Research, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Zwahlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K von Feilitzen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Odeberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Vascular Research, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
- The University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), 9019, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Coagulation Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Dusart
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L M Butler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Vascular Research, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Cox RM, Wolf JD, Lieberman NA, Lieber CM, Kang HJ, Sticher ZM, Yoon JJ, Andrews MK, Govindarajan M, Krueger RE, Sobolik EB, Natchus MG, Gewirtz AT, deSwart RL, Kolykhalov AA, Hekmatyar K, Sakamoto K, Greninger AL, Plemper RK. Therapeutic mitigation of measles-like immune amnesia and exacerbated disease after prior respiratory virus infections in ferrets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1189. [PMID: 38331906 PMCID: PMC10853234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles cases have surged pre-COVID-19 and the pandemic has aggravated the problem. Most measles-associated morbidity and mortality arises from destruction of pre-existing immune memory by measles virus (MeV), a paramyxovirus of the morbillivirus genus. Therapeutic measles vaccination lacks efficacy, but little is known about preserving immune memory through antivirals and the effect of respiratory disease history on measles severity. We use a canine distemper virus (CDV)-ferret model as surrogate for measles and employ an orally efficacious paramyxovirus polymerase inhibitor to address these questions. A receptor tropism-intact recombinant CDV with low lethality reveals an 8-day advantage of antiviral treatment versus therapeutic vaccination in maintaining immune memory. Infection of female ferrets with influenza A virus (IAV) A/CA/07/2009 (H1N1) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) four weeks pre-CDV causes fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia with lung onslaught by commensal bacteria. RNAseq identifies CDV-induced overexpression of trefoil factor (TFF) peptides in the respiratory tract, which is absent in animals pre-infected with IAV. Severe outcomes of consecutive IAV/CDV infections are mitigated by oral antivirals even when initiated late. These findings validate the morbillivirus immune amnesia hypothesis, define measles treatment paradigms, and identify priming of the TFF axis through prior respiratory infections as risk factor for exacerbated morbillivirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cox
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Josef D Wolf
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Nicole A Lieberman
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carolin M Lieber
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Hae-Ji Kang
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zachary M Sticher
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jeong-Joong Yoon
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Meghan K Andrews
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Rebecca E Krueger
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Sobolik
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael G Natchus
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Rik L deSwart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Khan Hekmatyar
- Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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19
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Zhang L, Muirhead KJ, Syed ZA, Dimitriadis EK, Ten Hagen KG. A novel cysteine-rich adaptor protein is required for mucin packaging and secretory granule stability in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314309121. [PMID: 38285943 PMCID: PMC10861859 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314309121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucins are large, highly glycosylated extracellular matrix proteins that line and protect epithelia of the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts. Previous work has shown that mucins form large, interconnected polymeric networks that mediate their biological functions once secreted. However, how these large matrix molecules are compacted and packaged into much smaller secretory granules within cells prior to secretion is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a small cysteine-rich adaptor protein is essential for proper packaging of a secretory mucin in vivo. This adaptor acts via cysteine bonding between itself and the cysteine-rich domain of the mucin. Loss of this adaptor protein disrupts mucin packaging in secretory granules, alters the mobile fraction within granules, and results in granules that are larger, more circular, and more fragile. Understanding the factors and mechanisms by which mucins and other highly glycosylated matrix proteins are properly packaged and secreted may provide insight into diseases characterized by aberrant mucin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892-4370
| | - Kayla J. Muirhead
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892-4370
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA92656
| | - Zulfeqhar A. Syed
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892-4370
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Emilios K. Dimitriadis
- Trans-NIH Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Kelly G. Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892-4370
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20
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Sok CP, Polireddy K, Kooby DA. Molecular pathology and protein markers for pancreatic cancer: relevance in staging, in adjuvant therapy, in determination of minimal residual disease, and follow-up. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2024; 13:56-70. [PMID: 38322203 PMCID: PMC10839718 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis and monitoring of disease through the detection of circulating protein biomarkers is a growing field in the practice of oncology. The search for more effective protein biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a valuable area of study, given the aggressive and often occult nature of this malignancy. Liquid biopsies are attractive, as they offer a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach when compared to traditional biopsy methods and imaging modalities used for diagnosis and surveillance. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 is currently the most commonly used serum protein biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PDAC, but due to its sensitivity and specificity, its utility remains limited. In this review, we examine how circulating protein biomarkers are used in the diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of PDAC. We also highlight protein biomarkers that are currently under investigation that have the potential to enhance our ability to detect early-stage malignancies, predict response to therapy, and monitor for recurrence, but these markers require larger prospective validation studies before they can be widely implemented. Continued efforts to identify and validate novel biomarkers will be crucial for improving the management and outcomes of patients with this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin P. Sok
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karunesh Polireddy
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Li S, Guo W, Zhang M, Zeng M, Wu H. Microalgae polysaccharides exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects on human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse colitis in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127811. [PMID: 37923042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae polysaccharides (MAPS) have emerged as novel prebiotics, but their direct effects on intestinal epithelial barrier are largely unknown. Here, MAPS isolated from Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Spirulina platensis, and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 were characterized as mainly branched heteropolysaccharides, and were bioavailable to Caco-2 cells based on fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling and flow cytometry analysis. These MAPS were equally effective to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in vitro and to attenuate the H2O2-, dextran sodium sulfate-, tumor necrosis factor α-, and interleukin 1β-induced burst of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide radicals, interleukin-8 production, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and/or tight junction disruption in polarized Caco-2 cells. MAPS and a positive drug Mesalazine were intragastrically administered to C57BL/6 mice daily for 7 d during and after 4-d dextran sodium sulfate exposure. Clinical signs and colon histopathology revealed equivalent anti-colitis efficacies of MAPS and Mesalazine, and based on biochemical analysis of colonic tight junction proteins, goblet cells, mucin 2 and trefoil factor 3 transcription, and colonic and peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPS alleviated dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, and their activities were even superior than Mesalazine. Overall, MAPS confer direct antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection to intestinal epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Weihai 264299, China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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22
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Krigul KL, Feeney RH, Wongkuna S, Aasmets O, Holmberg SM, Andreson R, Puértolas-Balint F, Pantiukh K, Sootak L, Org T, Tenson T, Org E, Schroeder BO. A history of repeated antibiotic usage leads to microbiota-dependent mucus defects. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2377570. [PMID: 39034613 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2377570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that repeated antibiotic usage lowers microbial diversity and ultimately changes the gut microbiota community. However, the physiological effects of repeated - but not recent - antibiotic usage on microbiota-mediated mucosal barrier function are largely unknown. By selecting human individuals from the deeply phenotyped Estonian Microbiome Cohort (EstMB), we here utilized human-to-mouse fecal microbiota transplantation to explore long-term impacts of repeated antibiotic use on intestinal mucus function. While a healthy mucus layer protects the intestinal epithelium against infection and inflammation, using ex vivo mucus function analyses of viable colonic tissue explants, we show that microbiota from humans with a history of repeated antibiotic use causes reduced mucus growth rate and increased mucus penetrability compared to healthy controls in the transplanted mice. Moreover, shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified a significantly altered microbiota composition in the antibiotic-shaped microbial community, with known mucus-utilizing bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis, dominating in the gut. The altered microbiota composition was further characterized by a distinct metabolite profile, which may be caused by differential mucus degradation capacity. Consequently, our proof-of-concept study suggests that long-term antibiotic use in humans can result in an altered microbial community that has reduced capacity to maintain proper mucus function in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kertu Liis Krigul
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rachel H Feeney
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Supapit Wongkuna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliver Aasmets
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sandra M Holmberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Reidar Andreson
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fabiola Puértolas-Balint
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kateryna Pantiukh
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Linda Sootak
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Org
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elin Org
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bjoern O Schroeder
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Teng M, Zhao X, Zhou L, Yan H, Zhao L, Sun J, Li Y, Zhu W, Wu F. An integrated analysis of the fecal metabolome and metagenome reveals the distinct effects of differentially charged nanoplastics on the gut microbiota-associated metabolites in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167287. [PMID: 37748599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Whether nanoplastics with differential charges cause intestinal impairment via distinct mechanisms remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between fecal metabolites and the gut microbiome, and potential biomarkers thereof, in mice following exposure to differentially charged polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs). Metagenomic analysis revealed that exposure to differentially charged PS-NPs resulted in alterations in the abundances of Bilophila_wadsworthia, Helicobacter apodemus, and Helicobacter typhlonius. A total of 237 fecal metabolites were significantly altered in mice that exhibited intestinal impairment, and these included 10 gut microbiota-related fecal metabolites that accurately discriminated impaired intestinal samples from the control. Additionally, the specific gut microbiome-related fecal metabolite-based model approach for the prediction of intestinal impairment in mice had an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0 in the PS (without charge) group, an AUC of 0.94 in the PS-NH2 (positive charge) group, and an AUC of 0.86 in the PS-COOH (negative charge) group. Thus, the model showed promising evaluable accuracy for the prediction of intestinal impairment induced by nanoplastics in a charge-specific manner. Our study demonstrates that the fecal metabolome of mice with intestinal impairment following exposure to differentially charged nanoplastics is associated with changes in the gut microbiome. The identified biomarkers have potential application for the detection of intestinal impairment after exposure to negative, positive, or noncharged nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Lihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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24
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Wang M, Shi J, Yu C, Zhang X, Xu G, Xu Z, Ma Y. Emerging strategy towards mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: what the future holds? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298186. [PMID: 38155971 PMCID: PMC10752988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the therapeutic goal of conventional treatment among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is alleviating exacerbations in acute phase, maintaining remission, reducing recurrence, preventing complications, and increasing quality of life. However, the persistent mucosal/submucosal inflammation tends to cause irreversible changes in the intestinal structure, which can barely be redressed by conventional treatment. In the late 1990s, monoclonal biologics, mainly anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) drugs, were proven significantly helpful in inhibiting mucosal inflammation and improving prognosis in clinical trials. Meanwhile, mucosal healing (MH), as a key endoscopic and histological measurement closely associated with the severity of symptoms, has been proposed as primary outcome measures. With deeper comprehension of the mucosal microenvironment, stem cell niche, and underlying mucosal repair mechanisms, diverse potential strategies apart from monoclonal antibodies have been arising or undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we elucidate key steps or targets during the course of MH and review some promising treatment strategies capable of promoting MH in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyan Shi
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoxin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Kuffa P, Pickard JM, Campbell A, Yamashita M, Schaus SR, Martens EC, Schmidt TM, Inohara N, Núñez G, Caruso R. Fiber-deficient diet inhibits colitis through the regulation of the niche and metabolism of a gut pathobiont. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:2007-2022.e12. [PMID: 37967555 PMCID: PMC10842462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) with fiber-free diets is an effective steroid-sparing treatment to induce clinical remission in children with Crohn's disease (CD). However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of EEN remains obscure. Using a model of microbiota-dependent colitis with the hallmarks of CD, we find that the administration of a fiber-free diet prevents the development of colitis and inhibits intestinal inflammation in colitic animals. Remarkably, fiber-free diet alters the intestinal localization of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a mucus-dwelling pathobiont, which is required for triggering disease. Mechanistically, the absence of dietary fiber reduces nutrient availability and impairs the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) metabolic pathway of Mucispirillum, leading to its exclusion from the mucus layer and disease remission. Thus, appropriate localization of the specific pathobiont in the mucus layer is critical for disease development, which is disrupted by fiber exclusion. These results suggest strategies to treat CD by targeting the intestinal niche and metabolism of disease-causing microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kuffa
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph M Pickard
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Austin Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Misa Yamashita
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sadie R Schaus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas M Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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26
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He JY, Li J, Zhang YY, He HB, He YM, Xu DX, Wang X, Wu HY, Zhang JH, Jahid H, Sadia A, Yu HF, Wang JZ, Zou K. Tormentic acid, a triterpenoid isolated from the fruits of Chaenomeles speciose, protected indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesion via modulating miR-139 and the CXCR4/CXCL12/PLC/PKC/Rho a/MLC pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1343-1363. [PMID: 37623313 PMCID: PMC10461523 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2249526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tormentic acid (TA), an effective triterpenoid isolated from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (Rosaceae) fruits, exerts an effective treatment for gastric damage. OBJECTIVE To investigate the gastroprotective effect of TA on indomethacin (IND) damaged GES-1 cells and rats, and explore potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS TA concentrations of 1.563-25 µM were used. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were performed using MTT, colony formation, wound healing, migration, Hoechst staining assays. SD rats were divided into control, IND, TA (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) + IND groups, once a day for 21 continuous days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, all groups except the control group were given IND (100 mg/kg) by gavage. Gastric juice parameters, gastric ulcer, gastric blood flow (GBF), blood biochemical parameters and cytokine analysis and gastric mucosal histopathology were detected for 2 h and 6 h after IND oral administration. The mRNA and protein expression of miR-139 and the CXCR4/CXCL12/PLC/PKC/Rho A/MLC pathway were analyzed in the IND-damaged GES-1 cells and gastric tissue of rats. RESULTS TA might ameliorate the gastric mucosal injury by accelerating the IND-damaged GES-1 cell proliferation and migration, ameliorating GBF, ulcer area and pathologic changes, the redox system and cytokine levels, the gastric juice parameters, elevating the gastric pH in IND damaged rats; suppressed miR-139 mRNA expression, elevated CXCR4 and CXCL12 mRNA and protein expression, p-PLC, p-PKC, Rho A, MLCK and p-MLC protein expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS TA may have potential use as a clinical drug candidate for gastric mucosal lesion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo He
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Xiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical College & Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Hasan Jahid
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Akter Sadia
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Fan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zou
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Health Products with Drug Food Homology & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
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Guo H, Tan YQ, Huang X, Zhang S, Basappa B, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Small molecule inhibition of TFF3 overcomes tamoxifen resistance and enhances taxane efficacy in ER+ mammary carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216443. [PMID: 37858772 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Even though tamoxifen has significantly improved the survival of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) mammary carcinoma (MC) patients, the development of drug resistance with consequent disease recurrence has limited its therapeutic efficacy. Trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) has been previously reported to mediate anti-estrogen resistance in ER+MC. Herein, the efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of TFF3 (AMPC) in enhancing sensitivity and mitigating acquired resistance to tamoxifen in ER+MC cells was investigated. AMPC induced apoptosis of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells and significantly reduced cell survival in 2D and 3D culture in vitro. In addition, AMPC reduced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like behavior in ER+MC cells in a BCL2-dependent manner. Synergistic effects of AMPC and tamoxifen were demonstrated in ER+MC cells and AMPC was observed to improve tamoxifen efficacy in tamoxifen-sensitive cells and to re-sensitize cells to tamoxifen in tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC cells were concomitantly resistant to anthracycline, platinum and fluoropyrimidine drugs, but not to Taxanes. Taxane treatment of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells increased TFF3 expression indicating a combination vulnerability for tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC cells. Taxanes increased CSC-like behavior of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells which was reduced by AMPC treatment. Taxanes synergized with AMPC to promote apoptosis and reduce CSC-like behavior in vitro and in vivo. Hence, AMPC restored the sensitivity of tamoxifen and enhanced the efficacy of Taxanes in tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 may serve as an effective combinatorial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Tao Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Gutierrez A, Pucket B, Engevik MA. Bifidobacterium and the intestinal mucus layer. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:36. [PMID: 38045921 PMCID: PMC10688832 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium species are integral members of the human gut microbiota and these microbes have significant interactions with the intestinal mucus layer. This review delves into Bifidobacterium-mucus dynamics, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of this relationship. We cover conserved features of Bifidobacterium-mucus interactions, such as mucus adhesion and positive regulation of goblet cell and mucus production, as well as species and strain-specific attributes of mucus degradation. For each interface, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and their potential implications for human health. Notably, we emphasize the ability of Bifidobacterium species to positively influence the mucus layer, shedding light on its potential as a mucin-builder and a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with disrupted mucus barriers. By elucidating the complex interplay between Bifidobacterium and intestinal mucus, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the gut microbiota-host interface and pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Gutierrez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Brenton Pucket
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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29
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Song X, Wu W, Dai Y, Warner M, Nalvarte I, Antonson P, Varshney M, Gustafsson JÅ. Loss of ERβ in Aging LXRαβ Knockout Mice Leads to Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12461. [PMID: 37569842 PMCID: PMC10419301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors that play key roles in cholesterol homeostasis, the central nervous system, and the immune system. We have previously reported that LXRαβ-deficient mice are more susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis than their WT littermates, and that an LXR agonist protects against colitis in mice mainly via the regulation of the immune system in the gut. We now report that both LXRα and LXRβ are expressed in the colonic epithelium and that in aging LXRαβ-/- mice there is a reduction in the intensity of goblet cells, mucin (MUC2), TFF3, and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) levels. The cytoplasmic compartment of the surface epithelial cells was markedly reduced and there was a massive invasion of macrophages in the lamina propria. The expression and localization of β-catenin, α-catenin, and E-cadherin were not changed, but the shrinkage of the cytoplasm led to an appearance of an increase in staining. In the colonic epithelium there was a reduction in the expression of plectin, a hemidesmosome protein whose loss in mice leads to spontaneous colitis, ELOVL1, a fatty acid elongase protein coding gene whose overexpression is found in colorectal cancer, and non-neuronal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) involved in the regulation of epithelial cell adhesion. We conclude that in aging LXRαβ-/- mice, the phenotype in the colon is due to loss of ERβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Song
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (X.S.); (W.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Wanfu Wu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (X.S.); (W.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Yubing Dai
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (X.S.); (W.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Margaret Warner
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (X.S.); (W.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (I.N.); (P.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Per Antonson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (I.N.); (P.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (I.N.); (P.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (X.S.); (W.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (I.N.); (P.A.); (M.V.)
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30
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Manai F, Zanoletti L, Arfini D, Micco SGD, Gjyzeli A, Comincini S, Amadio M. Dimethyl Fumarate and Intestine: From Main Suspect to Potential Ally against Gut Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9912. [PMID: 37373057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a well-characterized molecule that exhibits immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and that is currently approved for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Due to its Nrf2-dependent and independent mechanisms of action, DMF has a therapeutic potential much broader than expected. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the state-of-the-art and future perspectives regarding the potential repurposing of DMF in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disorders (i.e., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and celiac disease. DMF's mechanisms of action, as well as an exhaustive analysis of the in vitro/in vivo evidence of its beneficial effects on the intestine and the gut microbiota, together with observational studies on multiple sclerosis patients, are here reported. Based on the collected evidence, we highlight the new potential applications of this molecule in the context of inflammatory and immune-mediated intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davide Arfini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Giorgio De Micco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arolda Gjyzeli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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31
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Olivo-Martínez Y, Bosch M, Badia J, Baldomà L. Modulation of the Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Repair by Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles through the Differential Regulation of Trefoil Factor 3 in LS174T Goblet Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112437. [PMID: 37299399 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) plays a key role in the maintenance and repair of intestinal mucosa. TFF3 expression is upregulated by the microbiota through TLR2. At the posttranscriptional level, TFF3 is downregulated by miR-7-5p. Reduced TFF3 levels have been detected in the damaged tissue of IBD patients. Here, we investigate the regulation of TFF3 expression by microbiota extracellular vesicles (EVs) in LS174T goblet cells using RT-qPCR and inhibitors of the TLR2 or PI3K pathways. To evaluate the subsequent impact on epithelial barrier function, conditioned media from control and vesicle-stimulated LS174T cells were used to treat Caco-2 monolayers. The barrier-strengthening effects were evaluated by analysing the expression and subcellular distribution of tight junction proteins, and the repairing effects were assessed using wound-healing assays. The results showed a differential regulation of TFF3 in LS174T via EVs from the probiotic EcN and the commensal ECOR12. EcN EVs activated the TFF3 production through TLR2 and downregulated miR7-5-p through PI3K. Consistently, high levels of secreted TFF3 reinforced the tight junctions and stimulated wound healing in the Caco-2 cells. ECOR12 EVs did not cause these effects. TFF3 is a potential therapeutic target in IBD. This study contributes to understanding the molecular players (microbiota EVs) connecting gut microbes to health and may help in designing better nutritional interventions based on microbiota bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenifer Olivo-Martínez
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Bosch
- Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Guo M, Wang R, Geng J, Li Z, Liu M, Lu X, Wei J, Liu M. Human TFF2-Fc fusion protein alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice by promoting intestinal epithelial cells repair and inhibiting macrophage inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1387-1404. [PMID: 37129719 PMCID: PMC10153040 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical drugs for ulcerative colitis mainly affect the inflammatory symposiums with limited outcomes and various side effects. Repairing the damaged intestinal mucosa is a promising and alternative strategy to treat ulcerative colitis. Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) could repair the intestinal mucosa, however, it has a short half-life in vivo. To improve the stability of TFF2, we have prepared a new fusion protein TFF2-Fc with much stability, investigated the therapeutic effect of TFF2-Fc on ulcerative colitis, and further illustrated the related mechanisms. We found that intrarectally administered TFF2-Fc alleviated the weight loss, the colon shortening, the disease activity index, the intestinal tissue injury, and the lymphocyte infiltration in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. In vitro, TFF2-Fc inhibited Caco2 cells injury and apoptosis, promoted cellular migration, and increased the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 by activating P-ERK in the presence of H2O2 or inflammatory conditioned medium (LPS-RAW264.7/CM). Moreover, TFF2-Fc could reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammation cytokines and reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits the polarization of RAW264.7 cells to M1 phenotype by reducing glucose consumption and lactate production. Taken together, in this work, we have prepared a novel fusion protein TFF2-Fc, which could alleviate ulcerative colitis in vivo via promoting intestinal epithelial cells repair and inhibiting macrophage inflammation, and TFF2-Fc might serve as a promising ulcerative colitis therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Geng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Jingyuan Biomedicine (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mingfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuxiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Kolobarić N, Mihalj M, Kozina N, Matić A, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. Tff3-/- Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087315. [PMID: 37108475 PMCID: PMC10138311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A high salt intake causes hemodynamic changes and promotes immune response through cell activation and cytokine production, leading to pro-inflammatory conditions. Transgenic Tff3-/- knock-out mice (TFF3ko) (n = 20) and wild-type mice (WT) (n = 20) were each divided into the (1) low-salt (LS) group and (2) high-salt (HS) group. Ten-week-old animals were fed with standard rodent chow (0.4% NaCl) (LS) or food containing 4% NaCl (HS) for one week (7 days). Inflammatory parameters from the sera were measured by Luminex assay. The integrin expression and rates of T cell subsets of interest from the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were measured using flow cytometry. There was a significant increase in high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) only in the WT mice following the HS diet, while there were no significant changes in the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-6 as a response to treatment in either study groups. The rates of CD4+CD25+ T cells from MLNs decreased, while CD3+γδTCR+ from peripheral blood increased following the HS diet only in TFF3ko. γδTCR expressing T cell rates decreased in WT following the HS diet. The CD49d/VLA-4 expression decreased in the peripheral blood leukocytes in both groups following the HS diet. CD11a/LFA-1 expression significantly increased only in the peripheral blood Ly6C-CD11ahigh monocytes in WT mice following salt loading. In conclusion, salt-loading in knock-out mice caused a lower level of inflammatory response compared with their control WT mice due to gene depletion.
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Grants
- #IP-2014-09-6380/V-ELI Athero, PI I. Drenjančević Croatian Science Foundation
- VIF-2018-MEFOS-09-1509 (The influence of increased NaCl values on endothelial function in model TFF-/- mice and HAEC cell cultures) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- VIF-2019-MEFOS (The effect of increased NaCl values on the mechanisms of vascular reactivity in model of Tff3-/- mice and HAEC cell cultures, PI I. Drenjančević) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- VIF-2020-MEFOS (The effect of increased NaCl values on the mechanisms of vascular reactivity in model of Tff3-/- mice, Sprague-Dawley rats and HAEC cell cultures, PI I. Drenjančević) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kozina
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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34
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Mucosal Genes Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: New Insights. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in IBD illness severity, behavior, progression, and therapy response are evident. Since a break in the intestinal epithelial barrier causes IBD to begin, mucosal gene expression in IBD is crucial. Due to its high sensitivity and dynamic nature, molecular analysis of biomarkers in intestinal biopsies is feasible and provides a reliable means of evaluating localized inflammation. The goal of this investigation was to discover alterations in gene expression in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients undergoing treatment with 5-amino salicylic acid (5ASA) (N = 39) or anti-TNF drugs (N = 22). The mucosal expression of numerous IBD-related genes was evaluated using qPCR. We discovered that the levels of the proteins Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (NOS2), Mucin 2 (MUC2), Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), and Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), which are overexpressed in untreated IBD patients compared to non-IBD subjects, are decreased by both therapy regimens. On the other hand, anti-TNF medicine helped the levels of ABCB1 and E-cadherin return to normal in IBD patients who were not receiving treatment.
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35
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Kong L, Pokatayev V, Lefkovith A, Carter GT, Creasey EA, Krishna C, Subramanian S, Kochar B, Ashenberg O, Lau H, Ananthakrishnan AN, Graham DB, Deguine J, Xavier RJ. The landscape of immune dysregulation in Crohn's disease revealed through single-cell transcriptomic profiling in the ileum and colon. Immunity 2023; 56:444-458.e5. [PMID: 36720220 PMCID: PMC9957882 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. CD is multifactorial, involving the complex interplay of genetic, immune, and environmental factors, necessitating a system-level understanding of its etiology. To characterize cell-type-specific transcriptional heterogeneity in active CD, we profiled 720,633 cells from the terminal ileum and colon of 71 donors with varying inflammation status. Our integrated datasets revealed organ- and compartment-specific responses to acute and chronic inflammation; most immune changes were in cell composition, whereas transcriptional changes dominated among epithelial and stromal cells. These changes correlated with endoscopic inflammation, but small and large intestines exhibited distinct responses, which were particularly apparent when focusing on IBD risk genes. Finally, we mapped markers of disease-associated myofibroblast activation and identified CHMP1A, TBX3, and RNF168 as regulators of fibrotic complications. Altogether, our results provide a roadmap for understanding cell-type- and organ-specific differences in CD and potential directions for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjia Kong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vladislav Pokatayev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ariel Lefkovith
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Grace T Carter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Creasey
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chirag Krishna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sathish Subramanian
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bharati Kochar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Helena Lau
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacques Deguine
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Qin N, Liu H, Cao Y, Wang Z, Ren X, Xia X. Polysaccharides from the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. attenuate DSS-induced colitis in mice via improving gut barrier homeostasis and alleviating gut microbiota dybiosis. Food Funct 2023; 14:122-132. [PMID: 36510766 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The seeds from Gleditsia sinensis Lam., a common ecologically and economically useful tree, have high economic and nutritional value. The protective effect of polysaccharides from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. seeds (ZJMP) against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice was investigated in this study. ZJMP alleviated weight loss, reduced the disease activity index, prevented colon shortening, alleviated colonic tissue damage, and restored goblet cell secretion in colitic mice. Dietary ZJMP reduced proinflammatory cytokine overproduction in the colonic mucosa and serum, which was accompanied by suppression of NO levels and MPO and SOD activities. The addition of ZJMP increased the expression of Muc2 and tight junction proteins. Furthermore, dietary ZJMP partially reversed the alteration of gut microbiota in colitic mice by boosting the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Christensenella while lowering the abundance of harmful bacteria like Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Mucispirillum. Additionally, the decreased production of short-chain fatty acids in the colitic mice was recovered by ZJMP administration. The findings demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanism of dietary ZJMP in the colon, which is essential for the sensible application of ZJMP in the prevention and amelioration of inflammation-related diseases as a nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
| | - Hongxu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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Lin Z, Wan X, Zhang T, Huo H, Zhang X, Li K, Bei W, Guo J, Yang Y. Trefoil factor 3: New highlights in chronic kidney disease research. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110470. [PMID: 36122885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, also known as intestinal trefoil factor) is a small-molecule peptide containing a typical trefoil structure. TFF3 has several biological effects, such as wound healing, immune regulation, neuroprotection, and cell migration and proliferation promotion. Although TFF3 binding sites were identified in rat kidneys more than a decade ago, the specific effects of this small-molecule peptide on kidneys remain unclear. Until recently, much of the research on TFF3 in the kidney field has focused exclusively on its role as a biomarker. Notably, a large prospective randomized study of patients with 29 common clinical diseases revealed that chronic kidney disease (CKD) was associated with the highest serum TFF3 levels, which were 3-fold higher than in acute gastroenteritis, which had the second-highest levels. Examination of each stage of CKD revealed that urine and serum TFF3 levels significantly increased with the progression of CKD. These results suggest that the role of TFF3 in CKD needs further research. The present review summarizes the renal physiological expression, biological functions, and downstream signaling of TFF3, as well as the upstream events that lead to high expression of TFF3 in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunping Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
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38
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Eletto D, Mentucci F, Vllahu M, Voli A, Petrella A, Boccellato F, Meyer TF, Porta A, Tosco A. IFNγ-dependent silencing of TFF1 during Helicobacter pylori infection. Open Biol 2022; 12:220278. [PMID: 36514982 PMCID: PMC9748780 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading cause of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, as prolonged Helicobacter colonization triggers chronic active gastritis, which may evolve into adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type. In this environment, cytokines play a significant role in determining the evolution of the infection. In combination with other factors (genetic, environmental and nutritional), the pro-inflammatory response may trigger pro-oncogenic mechanisms that lead to the silencing of tumour-suppressor genes, such as trefoil factor 1 (TFF1). The latter is known to play a protective role by maintaining the gastric mucosa integrity and retaining H. pylori in the mucus layer, preventing the progression of infection and, consequently, the development of gastric cancer (GC). Since TFF1 expression is reduced during chronic Helicobacter infection with a loss of gastric mucosa protection, we investigated the molecular pathways involved in this reduction. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of some pro-inflammatory cytokines on TFF1 regulation in GC and primary gastric cells by RT-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay analyses and the repressor role of the transcription factor C/EBPβ, overexpressed in gastric-intestinal cancer. Our results show that, among several cytokines, IFNγ stimulates C/EBPβ expression, which acts as a negative regulator of TFF1 by binding its promoter at three different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Eletto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - F. Mentucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - M. Vllahu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A. Voli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A. Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - F. Boccellato
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - T. F. Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany,Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrecht's University of Kiel—University Hospital Schleswig Holstein—Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A. Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A. Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Donohue LK, Guo MG, Zhao Y, Jung N, Bussat RT, Kim DS, Neela PH, Kellman LN, Garcia OS, Meyers RM, Altman RB, Khavari PA. A cis-regulatory lexicon of DNA motif combinations mediating cell-type-specific gene regulation. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100191. [PMID: 36742369 PMCID: PMC9894309 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) that bind cognate DNA motif sequences in cis-regulatory elements (CREs). The combinations of DNA motifs acting within homeostasis and disease, however, are unclear. Gene expression, chromatin accessibility, TF footprinting, and H3K27ac-dependent DNA looping data were generated and a random-forest-based model was applied to identify 7,531 cell-type-specific cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) across 15 diploid human cell types. A co-enrichment framework within CRMs nominated 838 cell-type-specific, recurrent heterotypic DNA motif combinations (DMCs), which were functionally validated using massively parallel reporter assays. Cancer cells engaged DMCs linked to neoplasia-enabling processes operative in normal cells while also activating new DMCs only seen in the neoplastic state. This integrative approach identifies cell-type-specific cis-regulatory combinatorial DNA motifs in diverse normal and diseased human cells and represents a general framework for deciphering cis-regulatory sequence logic in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K.H. Donohue
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Synthego, Redwood City, CA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Margaret G. Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Stanford Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Yang Zhao
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Synthego, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Namyoung Jung
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Rose T. Bussat
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Stanford Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Poornima H. Neela
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Fauna Bio, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Laura N. Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Omar S. Garcia
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robin M. Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Russ B. Altman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Stanford Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul A. Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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40
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Steiner CA, Cartwright IM, Taylor CT, Colgan SP. Hypoxia-inducible factor as a bridge between healthy barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C866-C878. [PMID: 35912990 PMCID: PMC9467472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00227.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The healthy mammalian intestine is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. These cells provide a selectively permeable barrier to luminal contents and normally do so in an efficient and effective manner. Barrier function in the healthy mucosa is provided via several mechanisms including epithelial junctional complexes, mucus production, as well as mucosal-derived antimicrobial proteins. As tissue metabolism is central to the maintenance of homeostasis in the mucosa, intestinal [Formula: see text] levels are uniquely low due to counter-current blood flow and the presence of the microbiota, resulting in the stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Ongoing studies have revealed that HIF molds normal intestinal metabolism and is central to the coordination of barrier regulation during both homeostasis and active disease. During acute inflammation, HIF is central to controlling the rapid restitution of the epithelium consistent with normal wound healing responses. In contrast, HIF may also contribute to the fibrostenotic response associated with chronic, nonresolving inflammation. As such, HIF may function as a double-edged sword in the overall course of the inflammatory response. Here, we review recent literature on the contribution of HIF to mucosal barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen A Steiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian M Cartwright
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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41
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Tff3 Deficiency Protects against Hepatic Fat Accumulation after Prolonged High-Fat Diet. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081288. [PMID: 36013467 PMCID: PMC9409972 DOI: 10.3390/life12081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (Tff3) protein is a small secretory protein expressed on various mucosal surfaces and is involved in proper mucosal function and recovery via various mechanisms, including immune response. However, Tff3 is also found in the bloodstream and in various other tissues, including the liver. Its complete attenuation was observed as the most prominent event in the early phase of diabetes in the polygenic Tally Ho mouse model of diabesity. Since then, its role in metabolic processes has emerged. To elucidate the complex role of Tff3, we used a new Tff3-deficient mouse model without additional metabolically relevant mutations (Tff3-/-/C57BL/6NCrl) and exposed it to a high-fat diet (HFD) for a prolonged period (8 months). The effect was observed in male and female mice compared to wild-type (WT) counter groups (n = 10 animals per group). We monitored the animals’ general metabolic parameters, liver morphology, ultrastructure and molecular genes in relevant lipid and inflammatory pathways. Tff3-deficient male mice had reduced body weight and better glucose utilization after 17 weeks of HFD, but longer HFD exposure (32 weeks) resulted in no such change. We found a strong reduction in lipid accumulation in male Tff3-/-/C57BL/6NCrl mice and a less prominent reduction in female mice. This was associated with downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) and upregulated interleukin-6 (Il-6) gene expression, although protein level difference did not reach statistical significance due to higher individual variations. Tff3-/-/C57Bl6N mice of both sex had reduced liver steatosis, without major fatty acid content perturbations. Our research shows that Tff3 protein is clearly involved in complex metabolic pathways. Tff3 deficiency in C57Bl6N genetic background caused reduced lipid accumulation in the liver; further research is needed to elucidate its precise role in metabolism-related events.
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Sympathetic Innervation Modulates Mucosal Immune Homeostasis and Epithelial Host Defense. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162606. [PMID: 36010681 PMCID: PMC9406312 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal cells, such as resident macrophages and epithelial cells, express adrenergic receptors and are receptive to norepinephrine, the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). It has been suggested that the SNS affects intestinal immune activity in conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, we investigated the effect of SNS on mucosal immune and epithelial cell functions. We employed 6-OHDA-induced sympathetic denervation (cSTX) to characterize muscularis-free mucosal transcriptomes by RNA-seq and qPCR, and quantified mucosal immune cells by flow cytometry. The role of norepinephrine and cytokines on epithelial functions was studied using small intestinal organoids. cSTX increased the presence of activated CD68+CD86+ macrophages and monocytes in the mucosa. In addition, through transcriptional profiling, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were induced, while Arg-1 and CD163 expression was reduced. Further, cSTX increased intestinal permeability in vivo and induced genes involved in barrier integrity and antimicrobial defense. In intestinal organoids, similar alterations were observed after treatment with proinflammatory cytokines, but not norepinephrine. We conclude that a loss in sympathetic input induces a proinflammatory mucosal state, leading to reduced epithelial barrier functioning and enhanced antimicrobial defense. This implies that the SNS might be required to maintain intestinal immune functions during homeostasis.
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43
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Vins N, Sugathan S, Al Menhali A, Karam SM. Overgrowth of Squamocolumnar Junction and Dysregulation of Stem Cell Lineages in the Stomach of Vitamin A-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163334. [PMID: 36014840 PMCID: PMC9412427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epithelia are common sites for pathological transformations. In mice, the stratified epithelium of the forestomach joins the simple glandular epithelium of the cardia at the limiting ridge. We previously demonstrated the expression of vitamin A receptors in the gastric stem/progenitor cells and their progeny and found that excess retinoic acid enhances cellular dynamics of gastric epithelium. This study examines how deficiency of vitamin A would alter gastric epithelial stem cell lineages. Three-week-old mice of both genders were weaned and fed with a vitamin A deficient (VAD) diet for 4 or 8 months. Sex- and weight-matched littermate mice received a standard (control) diet. To label S-phase cells, all mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine before being euthanized. Stomach tissues were processed for microscopic examination and protein analysis to investigate stem cell lineages using different stains, lectins, or antibodies. The Student’s t-test was used to compare quantified data showing differences between control and VAD groups. Eight-month-vitamin-A deficiency caused enlarged forestomach and overgrowth of the squamocolumnar junction with metaplastic and dysplastic cardiac glands, formation of intramucosal cysts, loss of surface mucosal integrity, increased amount of luminal surface mucus, and upregulation of trefoil factor 1 and H+,K+-ATPase. These changes were associated with decreased cell proliferation and upregulation of p63. In conclusion, vitamin A is necessary for maintaining gastric epithelial integrity and its deficiency predisposes the mouse stomach to precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Vins
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-7493
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44
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Ge Y, Zadeh M, Mohamadzadeh M. Vitamin B12 Regulates the Transcriptional, Metabolic, and Epigenetic Programing in Human Ileal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142825. [PMID: 35889782 PMCID: PMC9321803 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VB12) is a micronutrient that is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular energy production. We recently demonstrated that VB12 oral supplementation coordinates ileal epithelial cells (iECs) and gut microbiota functions to resist pathogen colonization in mice, but it remains unclear whether VB12 directly modulates the cellular homeostasis of iECs derived from humans. Here, we integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic analyses to identify VB12-dependent molecular and metabolic pathways in human iEC microtissue cultures. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that VB12 notably activated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and epithelial cell proliferation while suppressing inflammatory responses in human iECs. Untargeted metabolite profiling demonstrated that VB12 facilitated the biosynthesis of amino acids and methyl groups, particularly S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and supported the function of the mitochondrial carnitine shuttle and TCA cycle. Further, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis illuminated a critical role of VB12 in sustaining cellular methylation programs, leading to differential CpG methylation of genes associated with intestinal barrier function and cell proliferation. Together, these findings suggest an essential involvement of VB12 in directing the fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolisms and reconfiguring the epigenome of human iECs to potentially support cellular oxygen utilization and cell proliferation.
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45
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Glover JS, Ticer TD, Engevik MA. Characterizing the mucin-degrading capacity of the human gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8456. [PMID: 35589783 PMCID: PMC9120202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-degrading microbes are known to harbor glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) which cleave specific glycan linkages. Although several microbial species have been identified as mucin degraders, there are likely many other members of the healthy gut community with the capacity to degrade mucins. The aim of the present study was to systematically examine the CAZyme mucin-degrading profiles of the human gut microbiota. Within the Verrucomicrobia phylum, all Akkermansia glycaniphila and muciniphila genomes harbored multiple gene copies of mucin-degrading GHs. The only representative of the Lentisphaerae phylum, Victivallales, harbored a GH profile that closely mirrored Akkermansia. In the Actinobacteria phylum, we found several Actinomadura, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Streptacidiphilus and Streptomyces species with mucin-degrading GHs. Within the Bacteroidetes phylum, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Fermenitomonas Parabacteroides, Prevotella and Phocaeicola species had mucin degrading GHs. Firmicutes contained Abiotrophia, Blautia, Enterococcus, Paenibacillus, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Viridibacillus species with mucin-degrading GHs. Interestingly, far fewer mucin-degrading GHs were observed in the Proteobacteria phylum and were found in Klebsiella, Mixta, Serratia and Enterobacter species. We confirmed the mucin-degrading capability of 23 representative gut microbes using a chemically defined media lacking glucose supplemented with porcine intestinal mucus. These data greatly expand our knowledge of microbial-mediated mucin degradation within the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiece S Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taylor D Ticer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Wu X, Gu B, Yang H. The role of γδ T cells in the interaction between commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:379-392. [PMID: 35583374 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2076846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is an important structure involved in resistance to pathogen infection. It is mainly composed of four barriers, which have different but interrelated functions. Pathogenic bacteria can damage these intestinal mucosal barriers. Here, we mainly review the mechanisms of pathogen damage to biological barriers. Most γδ T cells are located on the surface of the intestinal mucosa, with the ability to migrate and engage in crosstalk with microorganisms. Commensal bacteria are involved in the activation and migration of γδ T cells to monitor the invasion of pathogens. Pathogen invasion alters the migration pattern of γδ T cells. γδ T cells accelerate pathogen clearance and limit opportunistic invasion of commensal bacteria. By discussing these interactions among γδ T cells, commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, we suggest that γδ T cells may link the interactions between commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Oncel S, Basson MD. Gut homeostasis, injury, and healing: New therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1725-1750. [PMID: 35633906 PMCID: PMC9099196 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i17.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa plays a crucial role in gut homeostasis, which depends upon the balance between mucosal injury by destructive factors and healing via protective factors. The persistence of noxious agents such as acid, pepsin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or Helicobacter pylori breaks down the mucosal barrier and injury occurs. Depending upon the size and site of the wound, it is healed by complex and overlapping processes involving membrane resealing, cell spreading, purse-string contraction, restitution, differentiation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis, each modulated by extracellular regulators. Unfortunately, the gut does not always heal, leading to such pathology as peptic ulcers or inflammatory bowel disease. Currently available therapeutics such as proton pump inhibitors, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, sucralfate, 5-aminosalicylate, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants all attempt to minimize or reduce injury to the gastrointestinal tract. More recent studies have focused on improving mucosal defense or directly promoting mucosal repair. Many investigations have sought to enhance mucosal defense by stimulating mucus secretion, mucosal blood flow, or tight junction function. Conversely, new attempts to directly promote mucosal repair target proteins that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics such as tubulin, talin, Ehm2, filamin-a, gelsolin, and flightless I or that proteins regulate focal adhesions dynamics such as focal adhesion kinase. This article summarizes the pathobiology of gastrointestinal mucosal healing and reviews potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Oncel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
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Hidayah N, Salsabila YA. Cellulose Sponge, the Detector of Esophageal Cancer: Innovation for Early Detection of Esophageal Cancer without Biopsy?: A Mini Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with esophageal cancer each year can reach 400,000 people. Inefficient screening methods and worsening symptoms, patients often come late. Squamous cell carcinoma, which is the cause of esophageal cancer, has percentage of 84% of all cancer incidences. So far, the current screening strategy is endoscopy with biopsy. This screening has the main side effect of bleeding in metaplastic area. Cellulose Sponge, the Detector of Esophageal Cancer (CaSPER), can be used for screening without a biopsy using a cellulose sponge. The method used in this mini review is an evidence-based method that focuses on evaluating pre-existing journals. The result is that CaSPER is able to provide strong cellular results of 98%, specificity of 100%, and sensitivity of 97%. Capsules made of glucose and cytosponge of cellulose will bring the metaplastic cells to the sponge. This screening is feasible, safe, comfortable, and without side effects. Using trefoil factor 3 as biomarker is able to distinguish between goblet and pseudogoblet cells. CaSPER is minimally invasive, cheaper, and easily accepted, so that in the future it is hoped that it can be mass produced, especially for areas with high esophageal cancer.
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Drouault M, Delalande C, Bouraïma-Lelong H, Seguin V, Garon D, Hanoux V. Deoxynivalenol enhances estrogen receptor alpha-induced signaling by ligand-independent transactivation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhao Y, Deng Z, Ma Z, Zhang M, Wang H, Tuo B, Li T, Liu X. Expression alteration and dysfunction of ion channels/transporters in the parietal cells induces gastric diffused mucosal injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112660. [PMID: 35276516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosal injuries include focal and diffused injuries, which do and do not change the cell differentiation pattern. Parietal cells loss is related to the occurrence of gastric mucosal diffused injury, with two phenotypes of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, which is the basis of gastric cancer and gastric neuroendocrine tumor respectively. Multiple ion channels and transporters are located and expressed in the parietal cells, which is not only regulate the gastric acid-base homeostasis, but also regulate the growth and development of parietal cells. Therefore, alteration and dysregulation of ion channels and transporters in the parietal cells impairs the morphology and physiological functions of stomach, resulted in gastric diffused mucosal damage. In this review, multiple ion channels and transporters in parietal cells, including K+ channels, aquaporins, Cl- channels, Na+/H+ transporters, and Cl-/HCO3- transporters are described, and their roles in gastric diffused mucosal injury are discussed. We hope to drive researcher's attention to focus on the role of ion channels/transporters loss in the parietal cells induced gastric diffused mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zilin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Minglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
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