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Wörner S, Rauthe P, Werner J, Afonin S, Ulrich AS, Unterreiner AN, Wagenknecht HA. Flavin-induced charge separation in transmembrane model peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38973494 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00932k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic peptide models derived from the α-helical transmembrane segment of the epidermal growth factor receptor were synthetically modified with a flavin amino acid as a photo-inducible charge donor and decorated with tryptophans along the helix as charge acceptors. The helical conformation of the peptides was conserved despite the modifications, notably also in lipid vesicles and multibilayers. Their ability to facilitate photo-induced transmembrane charge transport was examined by means of steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The first tryptophan next to the flavin donor plays a major role in initiating the charge transport near the N-terminus, while the other tryptophans might promote charge transport along the transmembrane helix. These artificially modified, but still naturally derived helical peptides are important models for studying transmembrane electron transfer and the principles of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Wörner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Pascal Rauthe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Werner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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2
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Qu GP, Jiang B, Lin C. The dual-action mechanism of Arabidopsis cryptochromes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:883-896. [PMID: 37902426 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs) mediate blue-light regulation of plant growth and development. It has been reported that Arabidopsis CRY1and CRY2 function by physically interacting with at least 84 proteins, including transcription factors or co-factors, chromatin regulators, splicing factors, messenger RNA methyltransferases, DNA repair proteins, E3 ubiquitin ligases, protein kinases and so on. Of these 84 proteins, 47 have been reported to exhibit altered binding affinity to CRYs in response to blue light, and 41 have been shown to exhibit condensation to CRY photobodies. The blue light-regulated composition or condensation of CRY complexes results in changes of gene expression and developmental programs. In this mini-review, we analyzed recent studies of the photoregulatory mechanisms of Arabidopsis CRY complexes and proposed the dual mechanisms of action, including the "Lock-and-Key" and the "Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS)" mechanisms. The dual CRY action mechanisms explain, at least partially, the structural diversity of CRY-interacting proteins and the functional diversity of the CRY photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Ping Qu
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bochen Jiang
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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3
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Li S, Ran S, Yuan S, Chang K, Han M, Zhong F. Gibberellin-mediated far-red light-induced leaf expansion in cucumber seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:571-579. [PMID: 38170395 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Our experiments explored the effects of far-red (FR) light on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 'Zhongnong No. 26') seedling growth. Our results indicated that FR light significantly promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings. Specifically, it promoted the accumulation of shoot biomass and the elongation of internodes and leaves (except the first leaf at the bottom). Further analysis showed that FR light had no effect on the accumulation contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) in seedling leaves. Still, it significantly caused the increase of the gibberellin (GA3, GA4, and GA7) contents and the decrease of GA1 content, which suggested that the leaf expansion progress under FR light may be primarily related to GA. Therefore, the cucumber seedling leaf expansion response to GA was evaluated under different light sources. The exogenous spraying of different GA4/7 contents significantly promoted the leaf expansion of cucumber seedlings under white light, while the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) significantly promoted the expression of GA hydrolytic genes (GA2ox2 and GA2ox4) and decreased the content of endogenous active GA, which inhibited the leaf expansion induced by FR light. As expected, the combination of exogenous GA4/7 and PAC restored the growth promotion effect of FR light on cucumber seedling leaves. It increased the contents of endogenous active GA (GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7), and the expression trend in GA synthetic/hydrolytic-related genes was the opposite of that of PAC was applied alone. All of the above results indicated that FR light regulates leaf expansion progress in cucumber seedlings through GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Ran
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhen Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Han
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Bacsa B, Hopl V, Derler I. Synthetic Biology Meets Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ Channel-Dependent Immunomodulation. Cells 2024; 13:468. [PMID: 38534312 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many essential biological processes are triggered by the proximity of molecules. Meanwhile, diverse approaches in synthetic biology, such as new biological parts or engineered cells, have opened up avenues to precisely control the proximity of molecules and eventually downstream signaling processes. This also applies to a main Ca2+ entry pathway into the cell, the so-called Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. CRAC channels are among other channels are essential in the immune response and are activated by receptor-ligand binding at the cell membrane. The latter initiates a signaling cascade within the cell, which finally triggers the coupling of the two key molecular components of the CRAC channel, namely the stromal interaction molecule, STIM, in the ER membrane and the plasma membrane Ca2+ ion channel, Orai. Ca2+ entry, established via STIM/Orai coupling, is essential for various immune cell functions, including cytokine release, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. In this review, we summarize the tools of synthetic biology that have been used so far to achieve precise control over the CRAC channel pathway and thus over downstream signaling events related to the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Division of Medical Physics und Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Hopl
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
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5
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Chen S, Fan X, Song M, Yao S, Liu T, Ding W, Liu L, Zhang M, Zhan W, Yan L, Sun G, Li H, Wang L, Zhang K, Jia X, Yang Q, Yang J. Cryptochrome 1b represses gibberellin signaling to enhance lodging resistance in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:902-917. [PMID: 37934825 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Photoperiod, light quality, and light intensity in the environment can affect the growth, development, yield, and quality of maize. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate the photocontrol of stem elongation, leaf expansion, shade tolerance, and photoperiodic flowering. However, the function of maize cryptochrome ZmCRY in maize architecture and photomorphogenic development remains largely elusive. The ZmCRY1b transgene product can activate the light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and complement the etiolation phenotype of the cry1-304 mutant. Our findings show that the loss-of-function mutant of ZmCRY1b in maize exhibits more etiolation phenotypes under low blue light and appears slender in the field compared with wild-type plants. Under blue and white light, overexpression of ZmCRY1b in maize substantially inhibits seedling etiolation and shade response by enhancing protein accumulation of the bZIP transcription factors ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (ZmHY5) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5-LIKE (ZmHY5L), which directly upregulate the expression of genes encoding gibberellin (GA) 2-oxidase to deactivate GA and repress plant height. More interestingly, ZmCRY1b enhances lodging resistance by reducing plant and ear heights and promoting root growth in both inbred lines and hybrids. In conclusion, ZmCRY1b contributes blue-light signaling upon seedling de-etiolation and integrates light signals with the GA metabolic pathway in maize, resulting in lodging resistance and providing information for improving maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhan Chen
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaocong Fan
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuaitao Yao
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wusi Ding
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Menglan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weimin Zhan
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghua Sun
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongdan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijian Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Precision Plant Gene Delivery, Genovo Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Xiaolin Jia
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Chen J, Xu H, Liu Q, Ke M, Zhang Z, Wang X, Gao Z, Wu R, Yuan Q, Qian C, Huang L, Chen J, Han Q, Guan Y, Yu X, Huang X, Chen X. Shoot-to-root communication via GmUVR8-GmSTF3 photosignaling and flavonoid biosynthesis fine-tunes soybean nodulation under UV-B light. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:209-226. [PMID: 37881032 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodulation requires light perception by plant shoots and precise long-distance communication between shoot and root. Recent studies have revealed that TGACG-motif binding factors (GmSTFs) integrate light signals to promote root nodulation; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying nodule formation in changing light conditions remain elusive. Here, we applied genetic engineering, metabolite measurement, and transcriptional analysis to study soybean (Glycine max) nodules. We clarify a fine-tuning mechanism in response to ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation and rhizobia infection, involving GmUVR8-dependent UV-B perception and GmSTF3/4-GmMYB12-GmCHS-mediated (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis for soybean nodule formation. GmUVR8 receptor-perceived UV-B signal triggered R2R3-MYB transcription factors GmMYB12-dependent flavonoid biosynthesis separately in shoot and root. In shoot, UV-B-triggered flavonoid biosynthesis relied on GmUVR8a, b, c receptor-dependent activation of GmMYB12L-GmCHS8 (chalcone synthase) module. In root, UV-B signaling distinctly promotes the accumulation of the isoflavones, daidzein, and its derivative coumestrol, via GmMYB12B2-GmCHS9 module, resulting in hypernodulation. The mobile transcription factors, GmSTF3/4, bind to cis-regulatory elements in the GmMYB12L, GmMYB12B2, and GmCHS9 promoters, to coordinate UV-B light perception in shoot and (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis in root. Our findings establish a novel shoot-to-root communication module involved in soybean nodulation and reveal an adaptive strategy employed by soybean roots in response to UV-B light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Chen
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qiulin Liu
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meiyu Ke
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongqin Zhang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Agricultural Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ruimei Wu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qiao Yuan
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chongzhen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Laimei Huang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaomei Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qingqing Han
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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Kanojia A, Bhola D, Mudgil Y. Light signaling as cellular integrator of multiple environmental cues in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1485-1503. [PMID: 38076763 PMCID: PMC10709290 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile need to rapidly adapt to the constantly changing environment through modifications in their internal clock, metabolism, and gene expression. They have evolved an intricate system to perceive and transfer the signals from the primary environmental factors namely light, temperature and water to regulate their growth development and survival. Over past few decades rigorous research using molecular genetics approaches, especially in model plant Arabidopsis, has resulted in substantial progress in discovering various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components. In parallel several molecular pathways operating in response to other environmental cues have also been elucidated. Interestingly, the studies have shown that expression profiles of genes involved in photomorphogenesis can undergo modulation in response to other cues from the environment. Recently, the photoreceptor, PHYB, has been shown to function as a thermosensor. Downstream components of light signaling pathway like COP1 and PIF have also emerged as integrating hubs for various kinds of signals. All these findings indicate that light signaling components may act as central integrator of various environmental cues to regulate plant growth and development processes. In this review, we present a perspective on cross talk of signaling mechanisms induced in response to myriad array of signals and their integration with the light signaling components. By putting light signals on the central stage, we propose the possibilities of enhancing plant resilience to the changing environment by fine-tuning the genetic manipulation of its signaling components in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kanojia
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Diksha Bhola
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Yashwanti Mudgil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
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8
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Wang Y, Wang W, Jia Q, Tian H, Wang X, Li Y, Hussain S, Hussain H, Wang T, Wang S. BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112220. [PMID: 37299199 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) is able to regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses via regulating the expression of ABA response genes. BIC1 (Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochromes 1) and BIC2 have been identified as the inhibitors of plant cryptochrome functions, and are involved in the regulation of plant development and metabolism in Arabidopsis . In this study, we report the identification of BIC2 as a regulator of ABA responses in Arabidopsis . RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) results show that the expression level of BIC1 remained largely unchanged, but that of BIC2 increased significantly in response to ABA treatment. Transfection assays in Arabidopsis protoplasts show that both BIC1 and BIC2 were mainly localized in the nucleus, and were able to activate the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Results in seed germination and seedling greening assays show that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC2, but increased slightly, if any, in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC1. ABA sensitivity was also increased in the bic2 single mutants in seedling greening assays, but no further increase was observed in the bic1 bic2 double mutants. On the other hand, in root elongation assays, ABA sensitivity was decreased in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC2, as well as the bic2 single mutants, but no further decrease was observed in the bic1 bic2 double mutants. By using qRT-PCR (quantitative RT-PCR), we further examined how BIC2 may regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis , and found that inhibition of ABA on the expression of the ABA receptor genes PYL4 (PYR1-Like 4) and PYL5 were decreased, but promotion of ABA on the expression of the protein kinase gene SnRK2.6 (SNF1-Related Protein Kinases 2.6) was enhanced in both the bic1 bic2 double mutants and 35S:BIC2 overexpression transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BIC2 regulates ABA responses in Arabidopsis possibly by affecting the expression of ABA signaling key regulator genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qiming Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hadia Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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9
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Liao J, Deng B, Yang Q, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cong J, Wang X, Kohnen MV, Liu ZJ, Lu MZ, Lin D, Gu L, Liu B. Insights into cryptochrome modulation of ABA signaling to mediate dormancy regulation in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1479-1497. [PMID: 36797656 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of dormancy capabilities has enabled plants to survive in adverse terrestrial environmental conditions. Dormancy accumulation and release is coupled with light signaling, which is well studied in Arabidopsis, but it is unclear in the distant nonvascular relative. We study the characteristics and function on dormancy regulation of a blue light receptor cryptochrome in Marchantia polymorpha (MpCRY). Here, we identified MpCRY via bioinformatics and mutant complement analysis. The biochemical characteristics were assessed by multiple protein-binding assays. The function of MpCRY in gemma dormancy was clarified by overexpression and mutation of MpCRY, and its mechanism was analyzed via RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses associated with hormone treatment. We found that the unique MpCRY protein in M. polymorpha undergoes both blue light-promoted interaction with itself (self-interaction) and blue light-dependent phosphorylation. MpCRY has the specific characteristics of blue light-induced nuclear localization and degradation. We further demonstrated that MpCRY transcriptionally represses abscisic acid (ABA) signaling-related gene expression to suppress gemma dormancy, which is dependent on blue light signaling. Our findings indicate that MpCRY possesses specific biochemical and molecular characteristics, and modulates ABA signaling under blue light conditions to regulate gemma dormancy in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Liao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ban Deng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qixin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiajing Cong
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaqin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Markus V Kohnen
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Bobin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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10
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Zhao Z, Dent C, Liang H, Lv J, Shang G, Liu Y, Feng F, Wang F, Pang J, Li X, Ma L, Li B, Sureshkumar S, Wang JW, Balasubramanian S, Liu H. CRY2 interacts with CIS1 to regulate thermosensory flowering via FLM alternative splicing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7045. [PMID: 36396657 PMCID: PMC9671898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are evolutionarily conserved photolyase-like photoreceptors found in almost all species, including mammals. CRYs regulate transcription by modulating the activity of several transcription factors, but whether and how they affect pre-mRNA processing are unknown. Photoperiod and temperature are closely associated seasonal cues that influence reproductive timing in plants. CRYs mediate photoperiod-responsive floral initiation, but it is largely unknown whether and how they are also involved in thermosensory flowering. We establish here that blue light and CRY2 play critical roles in thermosensory flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana by regulating RNA alternative splicing (AS) to affect protein expression and development. CRY2 INTERACTING SPLICING FACTOR 1 (CIS1) interacts with CRY2 in a blue light-dependent manner and promotes CRY2-mediated thermosensory flowering. Blue light, CRYs, and CISs affect transcriptome-wide AS profiles, including those of FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM), which is critical for temperature modulation of flowering. Moreover, CIS1 binds to the FLM pre-mRNA to regulate its AS, while CRY2 regulates the RNA-binding activity of CIS1. Thus, blue light regulates thermosensory flowering via a CRY2-CIS1-FLM signaling pathway that links flowering responses to both light and ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Craig Dent
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Huafeng Liang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Junqing Lv
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XCollege of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475001 Kaifeng, China
| | - Guandong Shang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Feng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Junhong Pang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.256884.50000 0004 0605 1239College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Libang Ma
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- grid.256884.50000 0004 0605 1239College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sridevi Sureshkumar
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Sureshkumar Balasubramanian
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Hongtao Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
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11
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Chen SP, Wang DF, Ma WF, Lin XL, Yang G. Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disturbs the locomotor circadian rhythm and development of Plutella xylostella. INSECT SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 36380712 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) functions as a light-responsive photoreceptor, which is crucial for circadian rhythms. The identity and function of CRY1 in Plutella xylostella remain unknown. In this study, cry1 was cloned and identified in P. xylostella. Then, a cry1-knockout strain (Cry1-KO) of P. xylostella with a 2-bp deletion was established from the strain Geneva 88 (G88) using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. No daily temporal oscillation of cry1 was observed in G88 and Cry1-KO, and cry1 mean daily transcription of Cry1-KO was lower than that of G88. Both G88 and Cry1-KO demonstrated rhythmic locomotion under the light/dark condition with Cry1-KO being more active than G88 in the daytime, whereas Cry1-KO completely lost rhythmicity under constant darkness. The developmental period of pre-adult of Cry1-KO was longer than that of G88; the lifespan of the Cry1-KO male adult was shorter than that of G88; the fecundity of Cry1-KO was lower than that of G88; and Cry1-KO showed lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R0 ), finite increase rate (λ), and longer mean generation time (T) than G88. Our results indicate that cry1 is involved in the regulation of locomotor circadian rhythm and development in P. xylostella, providing a potential target gene for controlling the pest and a basis for further investigation on circadian rhythms in lepidopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Center for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Center for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Center for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Center for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Center for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Cai K, Li H, Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Jiang L, Li Y, Jiang T, Zhao X. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Molecular Mechanism of Pinus koraiensis Responses to Light. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13608. [PMID: 36362393 PMCID: PMC9653891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.), as the main tree species in northeast China, has important economic and ecological values. Currently, supplementary light has been widely used in plant cultivation projects. However, the studies about different supplementary light sources on the growth and development of Korean pine are few. In this study, the one with no supplementary light was used as the control, and two kinds of light sources were set up: light-emitting diode (LED) and incandescent lamp, to supplement light treatment of Korean pine. The spectrum and intensity of these two light sources were different. The results showed that the growth and physiological-biochemical indicators were significantly different under different supplementary light treatments. The biomass of supplementary light treatment was significantly lower than the control. Compared with the control, IAA and GA were lower, and JA, ABA, ZT, and ETH were higher under supplementary light conditions. Photosynthetic parameters in supplementary light conditions were significantly lower than the control. Supplemental light induces chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid accumulation. From RNA-seq data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in all the comparison groups, and there were 487 common DEGs. The expression levels of DEGs encoding transcription factors were also changed. According to GO and KEGG analysis, the plant hormone signal transduction, circadian rhythm-plant, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were the most enriched. These results provided a theoretical basis for the response of Korean pine to different supplementary lights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Kewei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiushuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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13
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Feng Z, Ducos B, Scerbo P, Aujard I, Jullien L, Bensimon D. The Development and Application of Opto-Chemical Tools in the Zebrafish. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196231. [PMID: 36234767 PMCID: PMC9572478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal’s distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
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14
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Deppisch P, Helfrich-Förster C, Senthilan PR. The Gain and Loss of Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Members during Evolution. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091613. [PMID: 36140781 PMCID: PMC9498864 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PL) family represents an ancient group of proteins fulfilling two fundamental functions. While photolyases repair UV-induced DNA damages, cryptochromes mainly influence the circadian clock. In this study, we took advantage of the large number of already sequenced and annotated genes available in databases and systematically searched for the protein sequences of CRY/PL family members in all taxonomic groups primarily focusing on metazoans and limiting the number of species per taxonomic order to five. Using BLASTP searches and subsequent phylogenetic tree and motif analyses, we identified five distinct photolyases (CPDI, CPDII, CPDIII, 6-4 photolyase, and the plant photolyase PPL) and six cryptochrome subfamilies (DASH-CRY, mammalian-type MCRY, Drosophila-type DCRY, cnidarian-specific ACRY, plant-specific PCRY, and the putative magnetoreceptor CRY4. Manually assigning the CRY/PL subfamilies to the species studied, we have noted that over evolutionary history, an initial increase of various CRY/PL subfamilies was followed by a decrease and specialization. Thus, in more primitive organisms (e.g., bacteria, archaea, simple eukaryotes, and in basal metazoans), we find relatively few CRY/PL members. As species become more evolved (e.g., cnidarians, mollusks, echinoderms, etc.), the CRY/PL repertoire also increases, whereas it appears to decrease again in more recent organisms (humans, fruit flies, etc.). Moreover, our study indicates that all cryptochromes, although largely active in the circadian clock, arose independently from different photolyases, explaining their different modes of action.
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15
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Sharma P, Mishra S, Burman N, Chatterjee M, Singh S, Pradhan AK, Khurana P, Khurana JP. Characterization of Cry2 genes (CRY2a and CRY2b) of B. napus and comparative analysis of BnCRY1 and BnCRY2a in regulating seedling photomorphogenesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:161-186. [PMID: 35831732 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) perceives blue/UV-A light and regulates photomorphogenesis in plants. However, besides Arabidopsis, CRY2 has been functionally characterized only in native species of japonica rice and tomato. In the present study, the BnCRY2a, generating a relatively longer cDNA and harboring an intron in its 5'UTR, has been characterized in detail. Western blot analysis revealed that BnCRY2a is light labile and degraded rapidly by 26S proteasome when seedlings are irradiated with blue light. For functional analysis, BnCRY2a was over-expressed in Brassica juncea, a related species more amenable to transformation. The BnCRY2a over-expression (BnCRY2aOE) transgenics developed short hypocotyl and expanded cotyledons, accumulated more anthocyanin in light-grown seedlings, and displayed early flowering on maturity. Early flowering in BnCRY2aOE transgenics was coupled with the up-regulation of many flowering-related genes such as FT. The present study also highlights the differential light sensitivity of cry1 and cry2 in controlling hypocotyl elongation growth in Brassica. BnCRY2aOE seedlings developed much shorter hypocotyl under the low-intensity of blue light, while BnCRY1OE seedling hypocotyls were shorter under the high-intensity blue light, compared to untransformed seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Proteus Genomics, 218 Summit Parkway, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA
| | - Sushma Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Naini Burman
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Mithu Chatterjee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- AeroFarms, Newark, NJ, 07105, USA
| | - Shipra Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akshay K Pradhan
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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16
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Gao L, Liu Q, Zhong M, Zeng N, Deng W, Li Y, Wang D, Liu S, Wang Q. Blue light-induced phosphorylation of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 is essential for its photosensitivity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1724-1738. [PMID: 35894630 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess two cryptochrome photoreceptors, cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), that mediate overlapping and distinct physiological responses. Both CRY1 and CRY2 undergo blue light-induced phosphorylation, but the molecular details of CRY1 phosphorylation remain unclear. Here we identify 19 in vivo phosphorylation sites in CRY1 using mass spectrometry and systematically analyze the physiological and photobiochemical activities of CRY1 variants with phosphosite substitutions. We demonstrate that nonphosphorylatable CRY1 variants have impaired phosphorylation, degradation, and physiological functions, whereas phosphomimetic variants mimic the physiological functions of phosphorylated CRY1 to constitutively inhibit hypocotyl elongation. We further demonstrate that phosphomimetic CRY1 variants exhibit enhanced interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 (CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1). This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that phosphorylation of CRY1 is required for COP1-dependent signaling and regulation of CRY1. We also determine that PHOTOREGULATORY PROTEIN KINASEs (PPKs) phosphorylate CRY1 in a blue light-dependent manner and that this phosphorylation is critical for CRY1 signaling and regulation. These results indicate that, similar to CRY2, blue light-dependent phosphorylation of CRY1 determines its photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Nannan Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weixian Deng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yaxing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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17
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Takeda M, Suzuki T. Circadian and Neuroendocrine Basis of Photoperiodism Controlling Diapause in Insects and Mites: A Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:867621. [PMID: 35812309 PMCID: PMC9257128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.867621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoperiodic system is concealed in the highly complex black-box, comprising four functional subunits: 1) a photo/thermo-sensitive input unit, 2) a photoperiodic clock based on a circadian system, 3) a condenser unit counting the number of inductive signals, and 4) a neuroendocrine switch that triggers a phenotypic shift. This review aims to summarize the research history and current reach of our understanding on this subject to connect it with the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock rapidly being unveiled. The review also focuses on the mode of intersubunit information transduction. It will scan the recent advancement in research on each functional subunit, but special attention will be given to the circadian clock–endocrine conjunct and the role of melatonin signaling in the regulation of insect photoperiodism. Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) probably plays the most crucial role in the regulation of pupal diapause, which is the simplest model system of diapause regulation by hormones investigated so far, particularly in the Chinese oak silkmoth (Antheraea pernyi). A search for the trigger to release the PTTH found some candidates, that is, indoleamines. Indolamine metabolism is controlled by arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT). Indolamine dynamics and aaNAT enzymatic activity changed according to photoperiods. aaNAT activity and melatonin content in the brain showed not only a photoperiodic response but also a circadian fluctuation. aaNAT had multiple E-boxes, suggesting that it is a clock-controlled gene (ccg), which implies that cycle (cyc, or brain–muscle Arnt-like 1 = Bmal1)/Clock (Clk) heterodimer binds to E-box and stimulates the transcription of aaNAT, which causes the synthesis of melatonin. RNAi against transcription modulators, cyc, or Clk downregulated aaNAT transcription, while RNAi against repressor of cyc/Clk, per upregulated aaNAT transcription. Immunohistochemical localization showed that the circadian neurons carry epitopes of melatonin-producing elements such as aaNAT, the precursor serotonin, HIOMT, and melatonin as well as clock gene products such as cyc-ir, Per-ir, and dbt-ir, while PTTH-producing neurons juxtaposed against the clock neurons showed hMT2-ir in A. pernyi brain. Melatonin probably binds to the putative melatonin receptor (MT) that stimulates Ca2+ influx, which in turn activates PKC. This induces Rab 8 phosphorylation and exocytosis of PTTH, leading to termination of diapause. All the PTTH-expressing neurons have PKC-ir, and Rab8-ir. When diapause is induced and maintained under short days, serotonin binding to 5HTR1B suppresses PTTH release in a yet unknown way. RNAi against this receptor knocked out photoperiodism; short day response is blocked and diapause was terminated even under the short day condition. The result showed that a relatively simple system controls both induction and termination in pupal diapause of A. pernyi: the circadian system regulates the transcription of aaNAT as a binary switch, the enzyme produces a melatonin rhythm that gates PTTH release, and 5HTR1B and MT are probably also under photoperiodic regulation. Finally, we listed the remaining riddles which need to be resolved, to fully understand this highly complex system in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Takeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makio Takeda,
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Protein interaction networks of the mammalian core clock proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 131:207-233. [PMID: 35871891 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a 24-h cycle that regulates the biochemical and behavioral changes of organisms. It controls a wide range of functions, from gene expression to behavior, allowing organisms to anticipate daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian rhythm is generated by a complex transcriptional and translational feedback loop mechanism. The binding of CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer to the E-box of DNA located within the promoter region initiates transcription of clock control genes including the transcription of the other two core clock genes of Periods (Pers) and Cryptochromes (Crys). Then PERs and CRYs along with casein kinase 1ɛ/Δ translocate into the nucleus where they suppress CLOCK/BMAL1 transactivation and, in turn, clock-regulated gene expression. Various clock components must be operational to aid in their stabilization and period extension in circadian rhythm. In this review, we have highlighted the recent progress for the core clock interacting proteins to maintain and to stabilize circadian rhythm in mammals.
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Su L, Zhou P, Guo L, Jia X, Wang S, Gao J, Li H, Liu B, Song M, Yang J. Arabidopsis SPA2 represses seedling de-etiolation under multiple light conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e403. [PMID: 35662851 PMCID: PMC9148924 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, phytochrome (phy) A, phyB, and cryptochrome 1 (cry1) are representative far-red, red, and blue light photoreceptors, respectively. Members of the SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) protein family (SPA1-SPA4) form E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), which mediates the degradation of photomorphogenesis-promoting factors to desensitize light signaling. SPA2 has been reported to promote seedling etiolation in the dark. However, the unique roles of SPA2 and its three functional domains in suppressing photomorphogenesis under different light conditions are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the full-length or the central coiled-coil and C-terminal WD-repeat domains of SPA2 cause hyper-etiolation phenotypes under several light conditions. The SPA2 central coiled-coil and C-terminal WD-repeat domains are necessary and sufficient for repressing seedling de-etiolation, cotyledon unfolding, and promoting hypocotyl negative gravitropism under several light conditions. Furthermore, phyA, phyB, cry1, and COP1 repress protein accumulation or nuclear translocation of SPA2 through direct interactions with its kinase-like and coiled-coil domains located in the N-terminus in response to far-red, red, and blue light treatments, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SPA2 functions under multiple light conditions; moreover, light-activated photoreceptors rapidly suppress SPA2 activity via direct interactions in response to different light treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Su
- Institute of Radiation TechnologyBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- China Agricultural Science and Technology PressBeijingChina
| | - Lin Guo
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolin Jia
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shaoci Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetable ResearchShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation TechnologyBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Yang
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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20
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Huang C, Li P, Cao J, Zheng Z, Huang J, Zhang X, Shangguan X, Wang L, Chen Z. Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of CRY gene family in Gossypium. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:231. [PMID: 35331129 PMCID: PMC8952943 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cryptochromes (CRY) are specific blue light receptors of plants and animals, which play crucial roles in physiological processes of plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. RESULTS In the present work, a systematic analysis of the CRY gene family was performed on twelve cotton species, resulting in 18, 17, 17, 17, and 17 CRYs identified in five alloteraploid cottons (Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. tomentosum, G. mustelinum and G. darwinii), respectively, and five to nine CRY genes in the seven diploid species. Phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding sequences revealed that CRY genes from cottons and Arabidopsis thaliana could be classified into seven clades. Synteny analysis suggested that the homoeolog of G. hirsutum Gh_A02G0384 has undergone an evolutionary loss event in the other four allotetraploid cotton species. Cis-element analysis predicated the possible functions of CRY genes in G. hirsutum. RNA-seq data revealed that Gh_D09G2225, Gh_A09G2012 and Gh_A11G1040 had high expressions in fiber cells of different developmental states. In addition, the expression levels of one (Gh_A03G0120), 15 and nine GhCRY genes were down-regulated following the PEG, NaCl and high-temperature treatments, respectively. For the low-temperature treatment, five GhCRY genes were induced, and five were repressed. These results indicated that most GhCRY genes negatively regulate the abiotic stress treatments. CONCLUSION We report the structures, domains, divergence, synteny, and cis-elements analyses systematically of G. hirsutum CRY genes. Possible biological functions of GhCRY genes in differential tissues as well as in response to abiotic stress during the cotton plant life cycle were predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengbo Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cotton Germplasm Resources Utilization and Molecular Design Breeding, Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, 044099, China.
| | - Junfeng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zishou Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinquan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shangguan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cotton Germplasm Resources Utilization and Molecular Design Breeding, Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, 044099, China
| | - Lingjian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
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21
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Wu XM, Wei XR, Li Z, Jia GX, Chen JR, Chen HX, Cao FX, Zheng SX, Li JH, Li YF. Molecular cloning of cryptochrome 1 from Lilium×formolongi and the characterization of its photoperiodic flowering function in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111164. [PMID: 35151449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower species that is able to flower within a year following seed propagation, with flower induction that is very sensitive to the photoperiod. Cryptochromes are blue/UV-A light receptors that regulate many important plant growth and development processes, including photoperiodic flowering. In this study, we isolated the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) gene from L. × formolongi and analyzed its function in transgenic Arabidopsis. The predicted LfCRY1 protein was strongly homologous to other CRY1 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY1 was induced by blue light, with LfCRY1 exhibiting its highest expression and diurnal expression patterns during the flowering-induction stage under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY1 in Arabidopsis promoted flowering under LDs but not SDs and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. The LfCRY1 protein was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. LfCRY1 interacted with the important flowering activator LfCOL9 in both yeast and onion cells. These results provide functional evidence for the role of LfCRY1 in controlling photoperiodic flowering under LDs and indicate that LfCRY1 may be a counterpart of AtCRY1. Understanding the role of LfCRY1 in photoperiodic flowering is beneficial for the molecular breeding of lilies with shorter vegetative stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wei
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ze Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ji-Ren Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hai-Xia Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Cao
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Si-Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agro Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- Yangming Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve Management Station, Forestry Bureau of Chongyi County, Chongyi, 341300, China
| | - Yu-Fan Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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22
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Cui S, Chen Y, Guo Y, Chen D. Clock genes and gastric cancer. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.2020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dahu Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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23
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Zeidler M. Analysis of Phytochrome-Dependent Seed Germination in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2494:117-124. [PMID: 35467203 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light-dependent seed germination guarantees seedling proximity to the soil surface, enabling quick photosynthetic energy supply. While seedling hypocotyl length is mainly used in phytochrome physiological assays to determine the functional impact of photoreceptor point mutations, different intracellular localizations, or the function of signal transduction components, phytochrome-controlled seed germination offers a different, very sensitive tool to test the phytochrome photoreceptor network. Photon fluences as low as 1 nmol m-2 are sufficient to elicit the phytochrome A (phyA)-dependent very low fluence response (VLFR), whereas higher fluences (> 10 μmol m-2) are needed to elicit the phyB-controlled and phyB-photoreversible low fluence response (LFR). Taking advantage of the different sensitivities of both phytochromes to different light qualities and quantities, a screening protocol is presented to score germination under different light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Zeidler
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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24
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Li C, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhang C, Yu C, Zhao T, Liu B, Li H, Liu J. OsBIC1 Directly Interacts with OsCRYs to Regulate Leaf Sheath Length through Mediating GA-Responsive Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010287. [PMID: 35008710 PMCID: PMC8745657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2) are blue light receptors involved in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, and flowering time in Arabidopsisthaliana. Two cryptochrome-interacting proteins, Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (BIC1 and BIC2), have been found in Arabidopsis. BIC1 plays critical roles in suppressing the physiological activities of CRY2, which include the blue light-dependent dimerization, phosphorylation, photobody formation, and degradation process, but the functional characterization of BIC protein in other crops has not yet been performed. To investigate the function of BIC protein in rice (Oryza sativa), two homologous genes of Arabidopsis BIC1 and BIC2, namely OsBIC1 and OsBIC2 (OsBICs), were identified. The overexpression of OsBIC1 and OsBIC2 led to increased leaf sheath length, whereas mutations in OsBIC1 displayed shorter leaf sheath in a blue light intensity-dependent manner. OsBIC1 regulated blue light-induced leaf sheath elongation through direct interaction with OsCRY1a, OsCRY1b, and OsCRY2 (OsCRYs). Longitudinal sections of the second leaf sheath demonstrated that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs controlled leaf sheath length by influencing the ratio of epidermal cells with different lengths. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis further proved that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs regulated similar transcriptome changes in regulating Gibberellic Acids (GA)-responsive pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs worked together to regulate epidermal cell elongation and control blue light-induced leaf sheath elongation through the GA-responsive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Liya Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Chunsheng Yu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Tao Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.L.)
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25
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Zhang X, Bisbis M, Heuvelink E, Jiang W, Marcelis LFM. Green light reduces elongation when partially replacing sole blue light independently from cryptochrome 1a. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1946-1955. [PMID: 34453337 PMCID: PMC9293030 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although green light is sometimes neglected, it can have several effects on plant growth and development. Green light is probably sensed by cryptochromes (crys), one of the blue light photoreceptor families. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible interaction between green and blue light and the involvement of crys in the green light response of plant photomorphogenesis. We hypothesize that green light effects on morphology only occur when crys are activated by the presence of blue light. Wild-type Moneymaker (MM), cry1a mutant (cry1a), and two CRY2 overexpressing transgenic lines (CRY2-OX3 and CRY2-OX8) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in a climate chamber without or with green light (30 μmol m-2 s-1 ) on backgrounds of sole red, sole blue and red/blue mixture, with all treatments having the same photosynthetic photon flux density of 150 μmol m-2 s-1 . Green light showed no significant effects on biomass accumulation, nor on leaf characteristics such as leaf area, specific leaf area, and chlorophyll content. However, in all genotypes, green light significantly decreased stem length on a sole blue background, whereas green light hardly affected stem length on sole red and red/blue mixture background. MM, cry1a, and CRY2-OX3/8 plants all exhibited similar responses of stem elongation to green light, indicating that cry1a, and probably cry2, is not involved in this green light effect. We conclude that partially replacing blue light by green light reduces elongation and that this is independent of cry1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Horticulture and Product Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Bisbis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Leibnitz Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental ProductionGermany
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Weijie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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Roles of a Cryptochrome in Carbon Fixation and Sucrose Metabolism in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123387. [PMID: 34943893 PMCID: PMC8699372 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vascular plants, cryptochromes acting as blue-light photoreceptors have various functions to adapt plants to the fluctuating light conditions on land, while the roles of cryptochromes in bryophytes have been rarely reported. In this study, we investigated functions of a single-copy ortholog of cryptochrome (MpCRY) in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Knock-out of MpCRY showed that a large number of the mutant plants exhibited asymmetric growth of thalli under blue light. Transcriptome analyses indicated that MpCRY is mainly involved in photosynthesis and sugar metabolism. Further physiological analysis showed that Mpcry mutant exhibited a reduction in CO2 uptake and sucrose metabolism. In addition, exogenous application of sucrose or glucose partially restored the symmetrical growth of the Mpcry mutant thalli. Together, these results suggest that MpCRY is involved in the symmetrical growth of thallus and the regulation of carbon fixation and sucrose metabolism in M. polymorpha.
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27
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Wu XM, Yang ZM, Yang LH, Chen JR, Chen HX, Zheng SX, Zeng JG, Jia GX, Li YF. Cryptochrome 2 from Lilium × formolongi Regulates Photoperiodic Flowering in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312929. [PMID: 34884732 PMCID: PMC8657805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoperiodic flowering pathway is essential for plant reproduction. As blue and ultraviolet-A light receptors, cryptochromes play an important role in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower that flowers within a year after seed propagation. Floral induction is highly sensitive to photoperiod. In this study, we isolated the CRYPTOCHROME2 gene (LfCRY2) from L. × formolongi. The predicted LfCRY2 protein was highly homologous to other CRY2 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY2 was induced by blue light. LfCRY2 exhibits its highest diurnal expression during the floral induction stage under both long-day and short-day photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY2 in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted flowering under long days but not short days, and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. Furthermore, LfCRY2 was located in the nucleus and could interact with L. × formolongi CONSTANS-like 9 (LfCOL9) and A. thaliana CRY-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix 1 (AtCIB1) in both yeast and onion cells, which supports the hypothesis that LfCRY2 hastens the floral transition via the CIB1-CO pathway in a manner similar to AtCRY2. These results provide evidence that LfCRY2 plays a vital role in promoting flowering under long days in L. × formolongi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Zheng-Min Yang
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Lin-Hao Yang
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Ji-Ren Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Hai-Xia Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Si-Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agro Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (G.-X.J.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Yu-Fan Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.-X.J.); (Y.-F.L.)
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Maltan L, Najjar H, Tiffner A, Derler I. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms and Intervening in Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes of Ca 2+ Signaling Mechanisms Using Optogenetic Tools. Cells 2021; 10:3340. [PMID: 34943850 PMCID: PMC8699489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion channels are involved in numerous biological functions such as lymphocyte activation, muscle contraction, neurotransmission, excitation, hormone secretion, gene expression, cell migration, memory, and aging. Therefore, their dysfunction can lead to a wide range of cellular abnormalities and, subsequently, to diseases. To date various conventional techniques have provided valuable insights into the roles of Ca2+ signaling. However, their limited spatiotemporal resolution and lack of reversibility pose significant obstacles in the detailed understanding of the structure-function relationship of ion channels. These drawbacks could be partially overcome by the use of optogenetics, which allows for the remote and well-defined manipulation of Ca2+-signaling. Here, we review the various optogenetic tools that have been used to achieve precise control over different Ca2+-permeable ion channels and receptors and associated downstream signaling cascades. We highlight the achievements of optogenetics as well as the still-open questions regarding the resolution of ion channel working mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the successes of optogenetics in manipulating many Ca2+-dependent biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, optogenetics has significantly advanced our understanding of Ca2+ signaling proteins and the used tools provide an essential basis for potential future therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria; (L.M.); (H.N.); (A.T.)
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Petersen J, Rredhi A, Szyttenholm J, Oldemeyer S, Kottke T, Mittag M. The World of Algae Reveals a Broad Variety of Cryptochrome Properties and Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766509. [PMID: 34790217 PMCID: PMC8591175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotic (micro-)organisms, lacking roots, leaves, and other organs that are typical for land plants. They live in freshwater, marine, or terrestrial habitats. Together with the cyanobacteria they contribute to about half of global carbon fixation. As primary producers, they are at the basis of many food webs and they are involved in biogeochemical processes. Algae are evolutionarily distinct and are derived either by primary (e.g., green and red algae) or secondary endosymbiosis (e.g., diatoms, dinoflagellates, and brown algae). Light is a key abiotic factor needed to maintain the fitness of algae as it delivers energy for photosynthesis, regulates algal cell- and life cycles, and entrains their biological clocks. However, excess light can also be harmful, especially in the ultraviolet range. Among the variety of receptors perceiving light information, the cryptochromes originally evolved as UV-A and blue-light receptors and have been found in all studied algal genomes so far. Yet, the classification, biophysical properties, wavelength range of absorbance, and biological functions of cryptochromes are remarkably diverse among algal species, especially when compared to cryptochromes from land plants or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Anxhela Rredhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Julie Szyttenholm
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Oldemeyer
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Goett-Zink L, Toschke AL, Petersen J, Mittag M, Kottke T. C-Terminal Extension of a Plant Cryptochrome Dissociates from the β-Sheet of the Flavin-Binding Domain. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5558-5563. [PMID: 34101477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant cryptochromes are central blue light receptors in land plants and algae. Photoreduction of the flavin bound to the photolyase homology region (PHR) causes a dissociation of the C-terminal extension (CCT) as effector via an unclear pathway. We applied the recently developed in-cell infrared difference (ICIRD) spectroscopy to study the response of the full-length pCRY from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in living bacterial cells, because the receptor degraded upon isolation. We demonstrate a stabilization of the flavin neutral radical as photoproduct and of the resulting β-sheet reorganization by binding of cellular ATP. Comparison between light-induced structural responses of full-length pCRY and PHR reveals a downshift in frequency of the β-sheet signal, implying an association of the CCT close to the only β-sheet of the PHR in the dark. We provide a missing link in activation of plant cryptochromes after flavin photoreduction by indicating that β-sheet reorganization causes the CCT release and restructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Goett-Zink
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Toschke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Petersen
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Wu Y, Wang Q, Qu J, Liu W, Gao X, Li X, Ouyang X, Lin C, Shuai J. Different response modes and cooperation modulations of blue-light receptors in photomorphogenesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1802-1815. [PMID: 33665849 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes photoreceptors, CRY1 and CRY2 in Arabidopsis, mediate blue light responses in plants and metazoa. The signalling interactions underlying photomorphogenesis of cryptochromes action have been extensively studied in experiment, expecting a systematical analysis of the dynamic mechanisms of photosensory signalling network from a global view. In this study, we developed a signalling network model to quantitatively investigate the different response modes and cooperation modulations on photomorphogenesis for CRY1 and CRY2 under blue light. The model shows that the different modes of time-dependent and fluence-rate-dependent phosphorylations for CRY1 and CRY2 are originated from their different phosphorylation rates and degradation rates. Our study indicates that, due to the strong association between blue-light inhibitor of cryptochromes (BIC) and CRY2, BIC negatively modulates CRY2 phosphorylation, which was confirmed by our experiment. The experiment also validated the model prediction that the time-dependent BIC-CRY1 and the fluence-rate-dependent BIC-CRY2 are both bell-shaped under blue light. Importantly, the model proposes that the COP1-SPA abundance can strongly inhibit the phosphorylation response of CRY2, resulting in the positive regulation of CRY2 phosphorylation by CRY1 through COP1-SPA. The model also predicts that the CRY1-HY5 axis, rather than CRY2-HY5 pathway, plays a dominant role in blue-light-dependent photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinhao Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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32
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Lopez L, Fasano C, Perrella G, Facella P. Cryptochromes and the Circadian Clock: The Story of a Very Complex Relationship in a Spinning World. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:672. [PMID: 33946956 PMCID: PMC8145066 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptochromes are flavin-containing blue light photoreceptors, present in most kingdoms, including archaea, bacteria, plants, animals and fungi. They are structurally similar to photolyases, a class of flavoproteins involved in light-dependent repair of UV-damaged DNA. Cryptochromes were first discovered in Arabidopsis thaliana in which they control many light-regulated physiological processes like seed germination, de-etiolation, photoperiodic control of the flowering time, cotyledon opening and expansion, anthocyanin accumulation, chloroplast development and root growth. They also regulate the entrainment of plant circadian clock to the phase of light-dark daily cycles. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which plant cryptochromes control the synchronisation of the clock with the environmental light. Furthermore, we summarise the circadian clock-mediated changes in cell cycle regulation and chromatin organisation and, finally, we discuss a putative role for plant cryptochromes in the epigenetic regulation of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Facella
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), TERIN-BBC-BBE, Trisaia Research Center, 75026 Rotondella, Matera, Italy; (L.L.); (C.F.); (G.P.)
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33
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Nie G, Liu X, Zhou X, Song Q, Fu M, Xu F, Wang X. Functional analysis of a novel cryptochrome gene ( GbCRY1) from Ginkgo biloba. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1850627. [PMID: 33258712 PMCID: PMC7849775 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1850627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome (CRY) is a blue light receptor that is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. CRY as a coding gene of cryptochrome that regulates the organism gene expression and plays an important role in organism growth and development. In this study, we identified four photolyase/cryptochrome (PHR/CRY) members from the genome of Ginkgo biloba. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the Ginkgo PHR/CRY family members were closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. We isolated a cryptochrome gene, GbCRY1, from G. biloba and analyzed its structure and function. GbCRY1 shared high similarity with AtCRY1 from A. thaliana. GbCRY1 expression level was higher in stems and leaves and lower in roots, male strobili, female strobili. GbCRY1 expression level fluctuated periodically within 24 h, gradually increased in the dark, and decreased under blue light. The newly germinated ginkgo seedlings were cultured under dark, white light, and blue light conditions. The blue light normally induced photomorphogenesis of ginkgo seedlings, which included hypocotyl elongation inhibition, leaf expansion inhibition, and chlorophyll formation. Treating dark-adapted ginkgo leaves with blue light could induce stomatal opening. At the same time, blue light reduced the expression level of GbCRY1 in the process of inducing photomorphogenesis and stoma opening. Our results provide evidence that GbCRY1 expression is affected by space, circadian cycle and light, and also proves that GbCRY1 is related to ginkgo circadian clock, photomorphogenesis and stoma opening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Nie
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiling Song
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- College of Art, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mandić AI, Bantis F, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Brnčić M, Bysted A, Cano MP, Dias MG, Elgersma A, Fikselová M, García-Alonso J, Giuffrida D, Gonçalves VSS, Hornero-Méndez D, Kljak K, Lavelli V, Manganaris GA, Mapelli-Brahm P, Marounek M, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Periago-Castón MJ, Pintea A, Sheehan JJ, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Valšíková-Frey M, Meulebroek LV, O'Brien N. A comprehensive review on carotenoids in foods and feeds: status quo, applications, patents, and research needs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:1999-2049. [PMID: 33399015 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Grethe Iren A Borge
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anette Bysted
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graça Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Kljak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Lavelli
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George A Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Adela Pintea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nora O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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35
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Paez Segala MG, Looger LL. Optogenetics. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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36
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Loi M, Villani A, Paciolla F, Mulè G, Paciolla C. Challenges and Opportunities of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) as Key to Modulate Antioxidant Compounds in Plants. A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010042. [PMID: 33396461 PMCID: PMC7824119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant antioxidants are important compounds involved in plant defense, signaling, growth, and development. The quantity and quality of such compounds is genetically driven; nonetheless, light is one of the factors that strongly influence their synthesis and accumulation in plant tissues. Indeed, light quality affects the fitness of the plant, modulating its antioxidative profile, a key element to counteract the biotic and abiotic stresses. With this regard, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are emerging as a powerful technology which allows the selection of specific wavelengths and intensities, and therefore the targeted accumulation of plant antioxidant compounds. Despite the unique advantages of such technology, LED application in the horticultural field is still at its early days and several aspects still need to be investigated. This review focused on the most recent outcomes of LED application to modulate the antioxidant compounds of plants, with particular regard to vitamin C, phenols, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. Additionally, future challenges and opportunities in the use of LED technology in the growth and postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables were also addressed to give a comprehensive overview of the future applications and trends of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Loi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Villani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paciolla
- Automation Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Paciolla
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Gao ZF, Shen Z, Chao Q, Yan Z, Ge XL, Lu T, Zheng H, Qian CR, Wang BC. Large-scale Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses of Maize Seedling Leaves During De-etiolation. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:397-414. [PMID: 33385613 PMCID: PMC8242269 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
De-etiolation consists of a series of developmental and physiological changes that a plant undergoes in response to light. During this process light, an important environmental signal, triggers the inhibition of mesocotyl elongation and the production of photosynthetically active chloroplasts, and etiolated leaves transition from the "sink" stage to the "source" stage. De-etiolation has been extensively studied in maize (Zea mays L.). However, little is known about how this transition is regulated. In this study, we described a quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic atlas of the de-etiolation process in maize. We identified 16,420 proteins in proteome, among which 14,168 proteins were quantified. In addition, 8746 phosphorylation sites within 3110 proteins were identified. From the combined proteomic and phosphoproteomic data, we identified a total of 17,436 proteins. Only 7.0% (998/14,168) of proteins significantly changed in abundance during de-etiolation. In contrast, 26.6% of phosphorylated proteins exhibited significant changes in phosphorylation level; these included proteins involved in gene expression and homeostatic pathways and rate-limiting enzymes involved in photosynthetic light and carbon reactions. Based on phosphoproteomic analysis, 34.0% (1057/3110) of phosphorylated proteins identified in this study contained more than 2 phosphorylation sites, and 37 proteins contained more than 16 phosphorylation sites, indicating that multi-phosphorylation is ubiquitous during the de-etiolation process. Our results suggest that plants might preferentially regulate the level of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) rather than protein abundance for adapting to changing environments. The study of PTMs could thus better reveal the regulation of de-etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan-Liang Ge
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Tiancong Lu
- Beijing ProteinWorld Biotech, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Chun-Rong Qian
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Bai-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, CAS, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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39
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Biswal DP, Panigrahi KCS. Light- and hormone-mediated development in non-flowering plants: An overview. PLANTA 2020; 253:1. [PMID: 33245411 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light, hormones and their interaction regulate different aspects of development in non-flowering plants. They might have played a role in the evolution of different plant groups by conferring specific adaptive evolutionary changes. Plants are sessile organisms. Unlike animals, they lack the opportunity to abandon their habitat in unfavorable conditions. They respond to different environmental cues and adapt accordingly to control their growth and developmental pattern. While phytohormones are known to be internal regulators of plant development, light is a major environmental signal that shapes plant processes. It is plausible that light-hormone crosstalk might have played an important role in plant evolution. But how the crosstalk between light and phytohormone signaling pathways might have shaped the plant evolution is unclear. One of the possible reasons is that flowering plants have been studied extensively in context of plant development, which cannot serve the purpose of evolutionary comparisons. In order to elucidate the role of light, hormone and their crosstalk in the evolutionary adaptation in plant kingdom, one needs to understand various light- and hormone-mediated processes in diverse non-flowering plants. This review is an attempt to outline major light- and phytohormone-mediated responses in non-flowering plant groups such as algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Biswal
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kishore Chandra Sekhar Panigrahi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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40
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Aslam M, Jakada BH, Fakher B, Greaves JG, Niu X, Su Z, Cheng Y, Cao S, Wang X, Qin Y. Genome-wide study of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) bHLH transcription factors indicates that cryptochrome-interacting bHLH2 (AcCIB2) participates in flowering time regulation and abiotic stress response. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:735. [PMID: 33092537 PMCID: PMC7583237 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of growth and development in eukaryotes. Basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLHs) is one of the most significant TFs families involved in several critical regulatory functions. Cryptochrome-interacting bHLH (CIB) and cryptochromes form an extensive regulatory network to mediate a plethora of pathways. Although bHLHs regulate critical biological processes in plants, the information about pineapple bHLHs remains unexplored. RESULTS Here, we identified a total of 121 bHLH proteins in the pineapple genome. The identified genes were renamed based on the ascending order of their gene ID and classified into 18 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. We found that bHLH genes are expressed in different organs and stages of pineapple development. Furthermore, by the ectopic expression of AcCIB2 in Arabidopsis and complementation of Atcib2 mutant, we verified the involvement of AcCIB2 in photomorphogenesis and abiotic stress response. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that AcCIB2 plays an essential role in flowering time regulation and abiotic stress response. The present study provides additional insights into the current knowledge of bHLH genes and suggests their potential role in various biological processes during pineapple development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Beenish Fakher
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Joseph G Greaves
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoping Niu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenxia Su
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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41
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Liu H, Su T, He W, Wang Q, Lin C. The Universally Conserved Residues Are Not Universally Required for Stable Protein Expression or Functions of Cryptochromes. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:327-340. [PMID: 31550045 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Universally conserved residues (UCRs) are invariable amino acids evolutionarily conserved among members of a protein family across diverse kingdoms of life. UCRs are considered important for stability and/or function of protein families, but it has not been experimentally examined systematically. Cryptochromes are photoreceptors in plants or light-independent components of the circadian clocks in mammals. We experimentally analyzed 51 UCRs of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) that are universally conserved in eukaryotic cryptochromes from Arabidopsis to human. Surprisingly, we found that UCRs required for stable protein expression of CRY2 in plants are not similarly required for stable protein expression of human hCRY1 in human cells. Moreover, 74% of the stably expressed CRY2 proteins mutated in UCRs retained wild-type-like activities for at least one photoresponses analyzed. Our finding suggests that the evolutionary mechanisms underlying conservation of UCRs or that distinguish UCRs from non-UCRs determining the same functions of individual cryptochromes remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tiantian Su
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjin He
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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42
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Wang Q, Lin C. A structural view of plant CRY2 photoactivation and inactivation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:401-403. [PMID: 32398828 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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43
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Zhang X, Zheng Z, He Y, Liu L, Qu C, Miao J. Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Cryptochrome Gene CiCRY-DASH1 from the Antarctic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:91-103. [PMID: 31863411 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are flavin-binding proteins that sense blue and near-ultraviolet light and participate in the photoreactions of organisms and the regulation of biological clocks. In this study, the complete open reading frame (ORF) of CiCRY-DASH1 (GenBank ID MK392361), encoding one kind of cryptochrome, was cloned from the Antarctic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L. The quantitative real-time PCR study showed that the CiCRY-DASH1 had the highest expression at 5 °C and salinity of 32‰. The CiCRY-DASH1 was positively regulated by blue, yellow, or red light. Moreover, the CiCRY-DASH1 can positively respond to extreme polar day and night treatment and exhibit a certain circadian rhythm, which indicated that CiCRY-DASH1 participated in the circadian clock and its expression was regulated by circadian rhythms. And the CiCRY-DASH1 was more noticeably affected by ultraviolet-B radiation than ultraviolet-A radiation, indicating ultraviolet-B light does obvious damage to Antarctic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingying He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, 266061, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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44
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Lu X, Zhou Y, Fan F, Peng J, Zhang J. Coordination of light, circadian clock with temperature: The potential mechanisms regulating chilling tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:737-760. [PMID: 31243851 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food crop for over half of the world's population. As a crop species originated from the subtropics, rice production is hampered by chilling stress. The genetic mechanisms of rice responses to chilling stress have attracted much attention, focusing on chilling-related gene mining and functional analyses. Plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory systems to respond to chilling stress in coordination with light signaling pathway and internal circadian clock. However, in rice, information about light-signaling pathways and circadian clock regulation and their roles in chilling tolerance remains elusive. Further investigation into the regulatory network of chilling tolerance in rice is needed, as knowledge of the interaction between temperature, light, and circadian clock dynamics is limited. Here, based on phenotypic analysis of transgenic and mutant rice lines, we delineate the relevant genes with important regulatory roles in chilling tolerance. In addition, we discuss the potential coordination mechanism among temperature, light, and circadian clock in regulating chilling response and tolerance of rice, and provide perspectives for the ongoing chilling signaling network research in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Lu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - JunHua Peng
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, School of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Huazhi Rice Bio-tech Company Ltd., Changsha, 410128, China
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45
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Han X, Huang X, Deng XW. The Photomorphogenic Central Repressor COP1: Conservation and Functional Diversification during Evolution. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100044. [PMID: 33367240 PMCID: PMC7748024 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Green plants on the earth have evolved intricate mechanisms to acclimatize to and utilize sunlight. In Arabidopsis, light signals are perceived by photoreceptors and transmitted through divergent but overlapping signaling networks to modulate plant photomorphogenic development. COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) was first cloned as a central repressor of photomorphogenesis in higher plants and has been extensively studied for over 30 years. It acts as a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase downstream of multiple photoreceptors to target key light-signaling regulators for degradation, primarily as part of large protein complexes. The mammalian counterpart of COP1 is a pluripotent regulator of tumorigenesis and metabolism. A great deal of information on COP1 has been derived from whole-genome sequencing and functional studies in lower green plants, which enables us to illustrate its evolutionary history. Here, we review the current understanding about COP1, with a focus on the conservation and functional diversification of COP1 and its signaling partners in different taxonomic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University-Southern University of Science and Technology Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University-Southern University of Science and Technology Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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46
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Shao K, Zhang X, Li X, Hao Y, Huang X, Ma M, Zhang M, Yu F, Liu H, Zhang P. The oligomeric structures of plant cryptochromes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:480-488. [PMID: 32398825 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved flavoproteins found in many organisms. In plants, the well-studied CRY photoreceptor, activated by blue light, plays essential roles in plant growth and development. However, the mechanism of activation remains largely unknown. Here, we determined the oligomeric structures of the blue-light-perceiving PHR domain of Zea mays CRY1 and an Arabidopsis CRY2 constitutively active mutant. The structures form dimers and tetramers whose functional importance is examined in vitro and in vivo with Arabidopsis CRY2. Structure-based analysis suggests that blue light may be perceived by CRY to cause conformational changes, whose precise nature remains to be determined, leading to oligomerization that is essential for downstream signaling. This photoactivation mechanism may be widely used by plant CRYs. Our study reveals a molecular mechanism of plant CRY activation and also paves the way for design of CRY as a more efficient optical switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaolian Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Abstract
Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate photoresponses in plants. The genomes of most land plants encode two clades of cryptochromes, CRY1 and CRY2, which mediate distinct and overlapping photoresponses within the same species and between different plant species. Photoresponsive protein-protein interaction is the primary mode of signal transduction of cryptochromes. Cryptochromes exist as physiologically inactive monomers in the dark; the absorption of photons leads to conformational change and cryptochrome homooligomerization, which alters the affinity of cryptochromes interacting with cryptochrome-interacting proteins to form various cryptochrome complexes. These cryptochrome complexes, collectively referred to as the cryptochrome complexome, regulate transcription or stability of photoresponsive proteins to modulate plant growth and development. The activity of cryptochromes is regulated by photooligomerization; dark monomerization; cryptochrome regulatory proteins; and cryptochrome phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation. Most of the more than 30 presently known cryptochrome-interacting proteins are either regulated by other photoreceptors or physically interactingwith the protein complexes of other photoreceptors. Some cryptochrome-interacting proteins are also hormonal signaling or regulatory proteins. These two mechanisms enable cryptochromes to integrate blue-light signals with other internal and external signals to optimize plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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48
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Matthews JSA, Vialet-Chabrand S, Lawson T. Role of blue and red light in stomatal dynamic behaviour. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2253-2269. [PMID: 31872212 PMCID: PMC7134916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants experience changes in light intensity and quality due to variations in solar angle and shading from clouds and overlapping leaves. Stomatal opening to increasing irradiance is often an order of magnitude slower than photosynthetic responses, which can result in CO2 diffusional limitations on leaf photosynthesis, as well as unnecessary water loss when stomata continue to open after photosynthesis has reached saturation. Stomatal opening to light is driven by two distinct pathways; the 'red' or photosynthetic response that occurs at high fluence rates and saturates with photosynthesis, and is thought to be the main mechanism that coordinates stomatal behaviour with photosynthesis; and the guard cell-specific 'blue' light response that saturates at low fluence rates, and is often considered independent of photosynthesis, and important for early morning stomatal opening. Here we review the literature on these complicated signal transduction pathways and osmoregulatory processes in guard cells that are influenced by the light environment. We discuss the possibility of tuning the sensitivity and magnitude of stomatal response to blue light which potentially represents a novel target to develop ideotypes with the 'ideal' balance between carbon gain, evaporative cooling, and maintenance of hydraulic status that is crucial for maximizing crop performance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S A Matthews
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
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49
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Common Functions of Disordered Proteins across Evolutionary Distant Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062105. [PMID: 32204351 PMCID: PMC7139818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions typically lack a well-defined structure and thus fall outside the scope of the classic sequence–structure–function relationship. Hence, classic sequence- or structure-based bioinformatic approaches are often not well suited to identify homology or predict the function of unknown intrinsically disordered proteins. Here, we give selected examples of intrinsic disorder in plant proteins and present how protein function is shared, altered or distinct in evolutionary distant organisms. Furthermore, we explore how examining the specific role of disorder across different phyla can provide a better understanding of the common features that protein disorder contributes to the respective biological mechanism.
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50
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Liu Q, Su T, He W, Ren H, Liu S, Chen Y, Gao L, Hu X, Lu H, Cao S, Huang Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Lin C. Photooligomerization Determines Photosensitivity and Photoreactivity of Plant Cryptochromes. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:398-413. [PMID: 31953223 PMCID: PMC7056577 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant and non-plant species possess cryptochrome (CRY) photoreceptors to mediate blue light regulation of development or the circadian clock. The blue light-dependent homooligomerization of Arabidopsis CRY2 is a known early photoreaction necessary for its functions, but the photobiochemistry and function of light-dependent homooligomerization and heterooligomerization of cryptochromes, collectively referred to as CRY photooligomerization, have not been well established. Here, we show that photooligomerization is an evolutionarily conserved photoreaction characteristic of CRY photoreceptors in plants and some non-plant species. Our analyses of the kinetics of the forward and reverse reactions of photooligomerization of Arabidopsis CRY1 and CRY2 provide a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the different photosensitivity and photoreactivity of these two closely related photoreceptors. We found that photooligomerization is necessary but not sufficient for the functions of CRY2, implying that CRY photooligomerization is presumably accompanied by additional function-empowering conformational changes. We further demonstrated that the CRY2-CRY1 heterooligomerization plays roles in regulating functions of Arabidopsis CRYs in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that photooligomerization is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism determining the photosensitivity and photoreactivity of plant CRYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tiantian Su
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenjin He
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yadi Chen
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haoyue Lu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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