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De Stefano FA, Morell AA, Smith G, Warner T, Soldozy S, Elarjani T, Eichberg DG, Luther E, Komotar RJ. Unique magnetic resonance spectroscopy profile of intracranial meningiomas compared to gliomas: a systematic review. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2077-2084. [PMID: 36595196 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The goal of this study was to systematically review the metabolic profile of meningiomas using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in comparison to gliomas, as measured by mean metabolite ratios. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases from inception to May 2021. Studies were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Eight studies were ultimately selected with 207 patients included. Fifty-nine patients were diagnosed with meningioma (age = 48.4, 66.7% female) and 148 patients diagnosed with glioma (age = 56.4, 49.2% female). Three studies reported elevated Cho/Cr in meningiomas compared to gliomas (5.71 vs. 1.46, p < 0.05, 7.02 vs. 2.62, p < 0.05, and 4.64 vs. 2.52, p = 0.001). One study reported Ala/Cr to be significantly elevated in meningiomas compared to gliomas (1.30 vs. undetectable, p < 0.001). One study reported myo-Inositol/Cr to be significantly elevated in meningiomas in comparison to gliomas (1.44 vs. 1.08, p < 0.05). One study reported Glu/Cr to be significantly elevated in meningiomas in comparison to gliomas (3.47 vs. 0.89, p = 0.002). Two studies reported Cho/NAA to be significantly elevated in meningiomas in comparison to gliomas (4.46 vs. 2.6, p = 0.004, and 5.8 vs. 2.55, p < 0.05). Two studies reported NAA/Cr was significantly elevated in gliomas compared to meningiomas (undetectable vs. 1.54, p < 0.001 and undetectable vs. 0.58, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in metabolite ratios between tumor types were reported in Cho/Cr, Ala/Cr, Glu/Cr, Cho/NAA, myoI/Cr and NAA/Cr between meningiomas and gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A De Stefano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd # MS 3021, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Alexis A Morell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Grace Smith
- School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler Warner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Turki Elarjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Evan Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Sun C, Bauer CC, Hou J, Wright SM. Wideband receive-coil array design using high-impedance amplifiers for broadband decoupling. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2198-2210. [PMID: 37382188 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multinuclear MRI/S is of increasing interest. Currently, most multinuclear receive array coils are constructed by nesting multiple single-tuned array coils or using switching elements to control the operating frequency, in which case more than one set of conventional isolation preamplifiers and associated decoupling circuits is required. These conventional configurations rapidly become complicated when greater numbers of channels or nuclei are needed. In this work, a novel coil decoupling mechanism is proposed to enable broadband decoupling for array coils with one set of preamplifiers. METHODS Instead of using conventional isolation preamplifiers, a high-input impedance preamplifier is proposed to create broadband decoupling of the array elements. A matching network consisting of a single inductor-capacitor-capacitor multi-tuned network and a wire-wound transformer was used to interface the surface coil to the high-impedance preamplifier. To validate the concept, the proposed configuration was compared to the conventional preamplifier decoupling configuration on both bench and scanner. RESULTS 2 The approach can provide more than 15dB decoupling over a range of 25MHz, covering the Larmor frequencies of 23 Na and 2 H at 4.7T. This multi-tuned prototype obtained 61% and 76% of the imaging SNR at 2 H and 23 Na respectively, 76 and 89% in a higher loading test phantom, when compared to the conventional single-tuned preamplifier decoupling configuration. CONCLUSION With the multinuclear array operation and decoupling achieved using only one layer of array coil and preamplifiers, this work provides a simple approach of building high element-count arrays to enable accelerated imaging or SNR improvement from multiple nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Courtney C Bauer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jue Hou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Steven M Wright
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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3
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Wu T, Liu C, Thamizhchelvan AM, Fleischer C, Peng X, Liu G, Mao H. Label-Free Chemically and Molecularly Selective Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:121-139. [PMID: 37235188 PMCID: PMC10207347 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical imaging, especially molecular imaging, has been a driving force in scientific discovery, technological innovation, and precision medicine in the past two decades. While substantial advances and discoveries in chemical biology have been made to develop molecular imaging probes and tracers, translating these exogenous agents to clinical application in precision medicine is a major challenge. Among the clinically accepted imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) exemplify the most effective and robust biomedical imaging tools. Both MRI and MRS enable a broad range of chemical, biological and clinical applications from determining molecular structures in biochemical analysis to imaging diagnosis and characterization of many diseases and image-guided interventions. Using chemical, biological, and nuclear magnetic resonance properties of specific endogenous metabolites and native MRI contrast-enhancing biomolecules, label-free molecular and cellular imaging with MRI can be achieved in biomedical research and clinical management of patients with various diseases. This review article outlines the chemical and biological bases of several label-free chemically and molecularly selective MRI and MRS methods that have been applied in imaging biomarker discovery, preclinical investigation, and image-guided clinical management. Examples are provided to demonstrate strategies for using endogenous probes to report the molecular, metabolic, physiological, and functional events and processes in living systems, including patients. Future perspectives on label-free molecular MRI and its challenges as well as potential solutions, including the use of rational design and engineered approaches to develop chemical and biological imaging probes to facilitate or combine with label-free molecular MRI, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Wu
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Claire Liu
- F.M.
Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anbu Mozhi Thamizhchelvan
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Candace Fleischer
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xingui Peng
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of
Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School
of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M.
Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hui Mao
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Fernández-García P, Malet-Engra G, Torres M, Hanson D, Rosselló CA, Román R, Lladó V, Escribá PV. Evolving Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for Pediatric CNS Tumors: The Impact of Lipid Metabolism. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051365. [PMID: 37239036 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric neurological tumors are a heterogeneous group of cancers, many of which carry a poor prognosis and lack a "standard of care" therapy. While they have similar anatomic locations, pediatric neurological tumors harbor specific molecular signatures that distinguish them from adult brain and other neurological cancers. Recent advances through the application of genetics and imaging tools have reshaped the molecular classification and treatment of pediatric neurological tumors, specifically considering the molecular alterations involved. A multidisciplinary effort is ongoing to develop new therapeutic strategies for these tumors, employing innovative and established approaches. Strikingly, there is increasing evidence that lipid metabolism is altered during the development of these types of tumors. Thus, in addition to targeted therapies focusing on classical oncogenes, new treatments are being developed based on a broad spectrum of strategies, ranging from vaccines to viral vectors, and melitherapy. This work reviews the current therapeutic landscape for pediatric brain tumors, considering new emerging treatments and ongoing clinical trials. In addition, the role of lipid metabolism in these neoplasms and its relevance for the development of novel therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laminar Pharmaceuticals, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gema Malet-Engra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laminar Pharmaceuticals, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Derek Hanson
- Hackensack Meridian Health, 343 Thornall Street, Edison, NJ 08837, USA
| | - Catalina A Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laminar Pharmaceuticals, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ramón Román
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laminar Pharmaceuticals, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laminar Pharmaceuticals, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laminar Pharmaceuticals, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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5
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Seginer A, Keith GA, Porter DA, Schmidt R. Artifact suppression in readout-segmented consistent K-t space EPSI (RS-COKE) for fast 1 H spectroscopic imaging at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2339-2357. [PMID: 35975965 PMCID: PMC9804880 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fast proton (1 H) MRSI is an important diagnostic tool for clinical investigations, providing metabolic and spatial information. MRSI at 7 T benefits from increased SNR and improved separation of peaks but requires larger spectral widths. RS-COKE (Readout-Segmented Consistent K-t space Epsi) is an echo planar spectroscopic imaging (Epsi) variant capable to support the spectral width required for human brain metabolites spectra at 7 T. However, mismatches between readout segments lead to artifacts, particularly when subcutaneous lipid signals are not suppressed. In this study, these mismatches and their effects are analyzed and reduced. METHODS The following corrections to the data were performed: i) frequency-dependent phase corrections; ii) k-space trajectory corrections, derived from short reference scans; and iii) smoothing of data at segment transitions to mitigate the effect of residual mismatches. The improvement was evaluated by performing single-slice RS-COKE on a head-shaped phantom with a "lipid" layer and healthy subjects, using varying resolutions and durations ranging from 4.1 × 4.7 × 15 mm3 in 5:46 min to 3.1 × 3.3 × 15 mm3 in 13:07 min. RESULTS Artifacts arising from the readout-segmented acquisition were substantially reduced, thus providing high-quality spectroscopic imaging in phantom and human scans. LCModel fitting of the human data resulted in a relative Cramer-Rao lower bounds within 6% for NAA, Cr, and Cho images in the majority of the voxels. CONCLUSION Using the new reference scans and reconstruction steps, RS-COKE was able to deliver fast 1 H MRSI at 7 T, overcoming the spectral width limitation of standard EPSI at this field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graeme A. Keith
- Imaging Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - David A. Porter
- Imaging Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Rita Schmidt
- Department of Brain SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael,The Azrieli National Institute for Human Brain Imaging and ResearchWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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6
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Minami N, Hong D, Stevers N, Barger CJ, Radoul M, Hong C, Chen L, Kim Y, Batsios G, Gillespie AM, Pieper RO, Costello JF, Viswanath P, Ronen SM. Imaging biomarkers of TERT or GABPB1 silencing in TERT-positive glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1898-1910. [PMID: 35460557 PMCID: PMC9629440 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TERT promoter mutations are observed in 80% of wild-type IDH glioblastoma (GBM). Moreover, the upstream TERT transcription factor GABPB1 was recently identified as a cancer-specific therapeutic target for tumors harboring a TERT promoter mutation. In that context, noninvasive imaging biomarkers are needed for the detection of TERT modulation. METHODS Multiple GBM models were investigated as cells and in vivo tumors and the impact of TERT silencing, either directly or by targeting GABPB1, was determined using 1H and hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Changes in associated metabolic enzymes were also investigated. RESULTS 1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Consistent with the drop in lactate, 13C-MRS showed that hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate production from [1-13C]pyruvate was also reduced when TERT was silenced. Mechanistically, the reduction in GSH was associated with a reduction in pentose phosphate pathway flux, reduced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and reduced NADPH. The drop in lactate and hyperpolarized lactate were associated with reductions in glycolytic flux, NADH, and expression/activity of GLUT1, monocarboxylate transporters, and lactate dehydrogenase A. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that MRS-detectable GSH, lactate, and lactate production could serve as metabolic biomarkers of response to emerging TERT-targeted therapies for GBM with activating TERT promoter mutations. Importantly these biomarkers are readily translatable to the clinic, and thus could ultimately improve GBM patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Minami
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donghyun Hong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Stevers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carter J Barger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chibo Hong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lee Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russel O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Vaneev AN, Timoshenko RV, Gorelkin PV, Klyachko NL, Korchev YE, Erofeev AS. Nano- and Microsensors for In Vivo Real-Time Electrochemical Analysis: Present and Future Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213736. [PMID: 36364512 PMCID: PMC9656311 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nano- and microsensors have been a useful tool for measuring different analytes because of their small size, sensitivity, and favorable electrochemical properties. Using such sensors, it is possible to study physiological mechanisms at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels and determine the state of health and diseases. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the application of electrochemical sensors for measuring neurotransmitters, oxygen, ascorbate, drugs, pH values, and other analytes in vivo. The evolution of electrochemical sensors is discussed, with a particular focus on the development of significant fabrication schemes. Finally, we highlight the extensive applications of electrochemical sensors in medicine and biological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Vaneev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Timoshenko
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V. Gorelkin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia L. Klyachko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri E. Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander S. Erofeev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Shaul D, Grieb B, Lev‐Cohain N, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz‐Brull R. Accumulation of 3-aminopropylphosphonate in the ex vivo brain observed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4721. [PMID: 35229366 PMCID: PMC9540894 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3-aminopropylphosphonate (3-APP) is known for its use as an exogenous indicator of extracellular volume and pH in phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31 P NMR) studies. We used 3-APP for estimating the extracellular volume in NMR studies of several ex vivo preparations including retrograde perfused mouse heart (n = 4), mouse liver slices (n = 2), xenograft breast cancer tumors (n = 7, MCF7), and rat brain slices (n = 4). In the former three preparations, the 3-APP signal was stable in lineshape and intensity for hours and the chemical shift of the signal in the presence of the biological sample was the same as in the perfusion medium without the biological sample. However, in studies of brain slices, the 3-APP signal appeared split into two, with an upfield component (0.7 ± 0.1 ppm to the left) increasing with time and showing a wider linewidth (66.7 ± 12.6 vs. 39.1 ± 7.6 Hz, the latter is of the perfusion medium signal). This finding suggests that 3-APP inadvertently accumulated in brain slices, most likely as a membrane bound form. This observation limits the use of 3-APP as an inert biochemical indicator in brain preparations and should be taken into account when using 3-APP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Benjamin Grieb
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie I (Weissenau), ZfP SuedwuerttembergUlm UniversityRavensburgGermany
| | - Naama Lev‐Cohain
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - J. Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineJerusalemIsrael
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Tao Q, Yi P, Cai Z, Chen Z, Deng Z, Liu R, Feng Y. Ratiometric chemical exchange saturation transfer pH mapping using two iodinated agents with nonequivalent amide protons and a single low saturation power. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:3889-3902. [PMID: 35782235 PMCID: PMC9246745 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an essential physiological parameter, pH plays a critical role in maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. The ratiometric chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method using clinically approved iodinated agents has emerged as one of the most promising noninvasive techniques for pH assessment. METHODS In this study, we investigated the ability to use the combination of two different nonequivalent amide protons, chosen from five iodinated agents, namely iodixanol, iohexol, iobitridol, iopamidol, and iopromide, for pH measurement. The ratio of two nonequivalent amide CEST signals was calculated and compared for pH measurements in the range of 5.6 to 7.6. To quantify the CEST signals at 4.3 and 5.5 parts per million (ppm), we employed two analytic methods: magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry and Lorentzian fitting analysis. Lastly, the established protocol was used to measure the pH values in healthy rat kidneys (n=5). RESULTS The combination of iodixanol and iobitridol at a ratio of 1:1 was found to be suitable for pH mapping. The saturation power level (B1) was also investigated, and a low B1 of 1.5 µT was adopted for subsequent pH measurements. Improved precision and an extended pH detection range were achieved using iodixanol and iobitridol (1:1 ratio) and a single low B1 of 1.5 µT in vitro. In vivo renal pH values were measured as 7.23±0.09, 6.55±0.15, and 6.29±0.23 for the cortex, medulla, and calyx, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the ratiometric CEST method using two iodinated agents with nonequivalent amide protons could be used for in vivo pH mapping of the kidney under a single low B1 saturation power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwei Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zimeng Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongwu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface and Division of Nanobionics, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Wu TC, Liao CY, Lu WC, Chang CR, Tsai FY, Jiang SS, Chen TH, Lin KMC, Chen LT, Chang WSW. Identification of distinct slow mode of reversible adaptation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to the prolonged acidic pH microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:137. [PMID: 35410237 PMCID: PMC8996570 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic neoplasm with high metastatic potential and poor clinical outcome. Like other solid tumors, PDAC in the early stages is often asymptomatic, and grows very slowly under a distinct acidic pHe (extracellular pH) microenvironment. However, most previous studies have only reported the fate of cancerous cells upon cursory exposure to acidic pHe conditions. Little is known about how solid tumors-such as the lethal PDAC originating within the pancreatic duct-acinar system that secretes alkaline fluids-evolve to withstand and adapt to the prolonged acidotic microenvironmental stress. METHODS Representative PDAC cells were exposed to various biologically relevant periods of extracellular acidity. The time effects of acidic pHe stress were determined with respect to tumor cell proliferation, phenotypic regulation, autophagic control, metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial network dynamics, and metastatic potentials. RESULTS Unlike previous short-term analyses, we found that the acidosis-mediated autophagy occurred mainly as an early stress response but not for later adaptation to microenvironmental acidification. Rather, PDAC cells use a distinct and lengthy process of reversible adaptive plasticity centered on the early fast and later slow mitochondrial network dynamics and metabolic adjustment. This regulates their acute responses and chronic adaptations to the acidic pHe microenvironment. A more malignant state with increased migratory and invasive potentials in long-term acidosis-adapted PDAC cells was obtained with key regulatory molecules being closely related to overall patient survival. Finally, the identification of 34 acidic pHe-related genes could be potential targets for the development of diagnosis and treatment against PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers a novel mechanism of early rapid response and late reversible adaptation of PDAC cells to the stress of extracellular acidosis. The presence of this distinctive yet slow mode of machinery fills an important knowledge gap in how solid tumor cells sense, respond, reprogram, and ultimately adapt to the persistent microenvironmental acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chin Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Liao
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Lu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044 Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
- Current address: Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, 60002 Taiwan
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Wun-Shaing Wayne Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
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11
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Saito Y, Yatabe H, Tamura I, Kondo Y, Ishida R, Seki T, Hiraga K, Eguchi A, Takakusagi Y, Saito K, Oshima N, Ishikita H, Yamamoto K, Krishna MC, Sando S. Structure-guided design enables development of a hyperpolarized molecular probe for the detection of aminopeptidase N activity in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj2667. [PMID: 35353577 PMCID: PMC8967239 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a cutting-edge technique that markedly enhances the detection sensitivity of molecules using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This methodology enables real-time imaging of dynamic metabolic status in vivo using MRI. To expand the targetable metabolic reactions, there is a demand for developing exogenous, i.e., artificially designed, DNP-NMR molecular probes; however, complying with the requirements of practical DNP-NMR molecular probes is challenging because of the lack of established design guidelines. Here, we report Ala-[1-13C]Gly-d2-NMe2 as a DNP-NMR molecular probe for in vivo detection of aminopeptidase N activity. We developed this probe rationally through precise structural investigation, calculation, biochemical assessment, and advanced molecular design to achieve rapid and detectable responses to enzyme activity in vivo. With the fabricated probe, we successfully detected enzymatic activity in vivo. This report presents a comprehensive approach for the development of artificially derived, practical DNP-NMR molecular probes through structure-guided molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yatabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Iori Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihiro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Quantum Hyperpolarized MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Nobu Oshima
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
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12
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Polvoy I, Qin H, Flavell RR, Gordon J, Viswanath P, Sriram R, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging-Rediscovery of a Spectroscopic Tool. Metabolites 2021; 11:570. [PMID: 34564385 PMCID: PMC8470013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for metabolism-specific imaging techniques has rekindled interest in Deuterium (2H) Metabolic Imaging (DMI), a robust method based on administration of a substrate (glucose, acetate, fumarate, etc.) labeled with the stable isotope of hydrogen and the observation of its metabolic fate in three-dimensions. This technique allows the investigation of multiple metabolic processes in both healthy and diseased states. Despite its low natural abundance, the short relaxation time of deuterium allows for rapid radiofrequency (RF) pulses without saturation and efficient image acquisition. In this review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of DMI over the course of recent decades, with a special focus on its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Polvoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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13
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Chang CK, Shih TTF, Tien YW, Chang MC, Chang YT, Yang SH, Cheng MF, Chen BB. Metabolic Alterations in Pancreatic Cancer Detected by In Vivo 1H-MR Spectroscopy: Correlation with Normal Pancreas, PET Metabolic Activity, Clinical Stages, and Survival Outcome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091541. [PMID: 34573881 PMCID: PMC8472373 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the metabolites of in vivo 1H- MRS in pancreatic cancer with normal pancreas, and correlate these metabolites with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) metabolic activity, clinical stages, and survival outcomes. Methods: The prospective study included 58 patients (mean age 62.7 ± 12.1 years, range 34–81 years; 36 men, 22 women) with pathological proof of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and all of them received 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI before treatment. The single-voxel MRS with a point-resolved selective spectroscopy sequence was used to measure metabolites (creatine, Glx (glutamine and glutamate), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and lipid) of pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal parenchyma, respectively. FDG-PET parameters included SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the differences of MRS metabolites between pancreatic cancer and those in normal pancreas, and their correlation with PET parameters and clinical stages. The correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was measured using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: When compared with normal pancreas, the Glx, NAA, and lipid levels were significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer (all p < 0.05). Creatine, Glx, and lipid levels were all inversely correlated with both MTV (rho = −0.405~−0.454) and TLG (rho = −0.331~−0.441). For correlation with clinical stages, lower lipid levels were found in patients with T4 (vs. <T4, p = 0.038) and lower creatine levels were found in N1 (vs. N0, p = 0.019). Regarding survival outcomes, high TNM stage, low creatine, low Glx, and low lipid levels were associated with both poor PFS and OS (all p < 0.05). Additionally, creatine remained an independent factor for PFS and OS after adjusting for age, sex, tumor size, stages, and other metabolites levels. Conclusions: Decreased MRS metabolites in pancreatic cancer were associated with poor survival outcome, and may be used as prognostic image biomarkers for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (T.T.-F.S.)
| | - Tiffany Ting-Fang Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (T.T.-F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Fang Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Bang-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (T.T.-F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 65620); Fax: +886-2-23224552
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14
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Entwicklung molekularer Sonden für die hyperpolarisierte NMR‐Bildgebung im biologischen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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15
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Kulpanovich A, Tal A. What is the optimal schedule for multiparametric MRS? A magnetic resonance fingerprinting perspective. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4196. [PMID: 31814197 PMCID: PMC9244865 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) mainly concerns itself with the quantification of metabolite concentrations. Metabolite relaxation values, which reflect the microscopic state of specific cellular and sub-cellular environments, could potentially hold additional valuable information, but are rarely acquired within clinical scan times. By varying the flip angle, repetition time and echo time in a preset way (termed a schedule), and matching the resulting signals to a pre-generated dictionary - an approach dubbed magnetic resonance fingerprinting - it is possible to encode the spins' relaxation times into the acquired signal, simultaneously quantifying multiple tissue parameters for each metabolite. Herein, we optimized the schedule to minimize the averaged root mean square error (RMSE) across all estimated parameters: concentrations, longitudinal and transverse relaxation time, and transmitter inhomogeneity. The optimal schedules were validated in phantoms and, subsequently, in a cohort of healthy volunteers, in a 4.5 mL parietal white matter single voxel and an acquisition time under 5 minutes. The average intra-subject, inter-scan coefficients of variation (CVs) for metabolite concentrations, T1 and T2 relaxation times were found to be 3.4%, 4.6% and 4.7% in-vivo, respectively, averaged over all major singlets. Coupled metabolites were quantified using the short echo time schedule entries and spectral fitting, and reliable estimates of glutamate+glutamine, glutathione and myo-inositol were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kulpanovich
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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16
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Batsios G, Taglang C, Cao P, Gillespie AM, Najac C, Subramani E, Wilson DM, Flavell RR, Larson PEZ, Ronen SM, Viswanath P. Imaging 6-Phosphogluconolactonase Activity in Brain Tumors In Vivo Using Hyperpolarized δ-[1- 13C]gluconolactone. Front Oncol 2021; 11:589570. [PMID: 33937017 PMCID: PMC8082394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.589570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is essential for NADPH generation and redox homeostasis in cancer, including glioblastomas. However, the precise contribution to redox and tumor proliferation of the second PPP enzyme 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGLS), which converts 6-phospho-δ-gluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconate (6PG), remains unclear. Furthermore, non-invasive methods of assessing PGLS activity are lacking. The goal of this study was to examine the role of PGLS in glioblastomas and assess the utility of probing PGLS activity using hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone for non-invasive imaging. METHODS To interrogate the function of PGLS in redox, PGLS expression was silenced in U87, U251 and GS2 glioblastoma cells by RNA interference and levels of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) measured. Clonogenicity assays were used to assess the effect of PGLS silencing on glioblastoma proliferation. Hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone metabolism to 6PG was assessed in live cells treated with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) or with vehicle control. 13C 2D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) studies of hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone metabolism were performed on rats bearing orthotopic glioblastoma tumors or tumor-free controls on a 3T spectrometer. Longitudinal 2D EPSI studies of hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone metabolism and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in rats bearing orthotopic U251 tumors following treatment with TMZ to examine the ability of hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone to report on treatment response. RESULTS PGLS knockdown downregulated NADPH and GSH, elevated oxidative stress and inhibited clonogenicity in all models. Conversely, PGLS expression and activity and steady-state NADPH and GSH were higher in tumor tissues from rats bearing orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts relative to contralateral brain and tumor-free brain. Importantly, [1-13C]6PG production from hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone was observed in live glioblastoma cells and was significantly reduced by treatment with TMZ. Furthermore, hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone metabolism to [1-13C]6PG could differentiate tumor from contralateral normal brain in vivo. Notably, TMZ significantly reduced 6PG production from hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone at an early timepoint prior to volumetric alterations as assessed by anatomical imaging. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we have, for the first time, identified a role for PGLS activity in glioblastoma proliferation and validated the utility of probing PGLS activity using hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone for non-invasive in vivo imaging of glioblastomas and their response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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17
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Sun T, Zhu C. Empirical method for rapid quantification of intrinsic fluorescence signals of key metabolic probes from optical spectra measured on tissue-mimicking turbid medium. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210046R. [PMID: 33893727 PMCID: PMC8062794 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.4.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical fluorescence spectroscopy technique has been explored extensively to quantify both glucose uptake and mitochondrial metabolism with proper fluorescent probes in small tumor models in vivo. However, it remains a great challenge to rapidly quantify the intrinsic metabolic fluorophores from the optically measured fluorescence spectra that contain significant distortions due to tissue absorption and scattering. AIM To enable rapid spectral data processing and quantify the in vivo metabolic parameters in real-time, we present an empirical ratio-metric method for rapid fluorescence spectra attenuation correction with high accuracy. APPROACH A first-order approximation of intrinsic fluorescence spectra can be obtained by dividing the fluorescence spectra by diffuse reflectance spectra with some variable powers. We further developed this approximation for rapid extraction of intrinsic key metabolic probes (2-NBDG for glucose uptake and TMRE for mitochondrial function) by dividing the distorted fluorescence spectra by diffuse reflectance intensities recorded at excitation and emission peak with a pair of system-dependent powers. Tissue-mimicking phantom studies were conducted to evaluate the method. RESULTS The tissue-mimicking phantom studies demonstrated that our empirical method could quantify the key intrinsic metabolic probes in near real-time with an average percent error of ∼5 % . CONCLUSIONS An empirical method was demonstrated for rapid quantification of key metabolic probes from fluorescence spectra measured on a tissue-mimicking turbid medium. The proposed method will potentially facilitate real-time monitoring of key metabolic parameters of tumor models in vivo using optical spectroscopy, which will significantly advance translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Sun
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Caigang Zhu
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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18
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14779-14799. [PMID: 32372551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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19
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Švec P, Nový Z, Kučka J, Petřík M, Sedláček O, Kuchař M, Lišková B, Medvedíková M, Kolouchová K, Groborz O, Loukotová L, Konefał RŁ, Hajdúch M, Hrubý M. Iodinated Choline Transport-Targeted Tracers. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15960-15978. [PMID: 33271015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel series of radioiodinated tracers and potential theranostics for diseases accompanied by pathological function of proteins involved in choline transport. Unlike choline analogues labeled with 11C or 18F that are currently used in the clinic, the iodinated compounds described herein are applicable in positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and potentially in therapy, depending on the iodine isotope selection. Moreover, favorable half-lives of iodine isotopes result in much less challenging synthesis by isotope exchange reaction. Six of the described compounds were nanomolar ligands, and the best compound possessed an affinity 100-fold greater than that of choline. Biodistribution data of 125I-labeled ligands in human prostate carcinoma bearing (PC-3) mice revealed two compounds with a biodistribution profile superior to that of [18F]fluorocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Nový
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Petřík
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 1905/5, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Ł Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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20
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Tan J, Sun W, Lu L, Xiao Z, Wei H, Shi W, Wang Y, Han S, Shuai X. I6P7 peptide modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging detection of low-grade brain gliomas. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6139-6147. [PMID: 31553351 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, the most severe primary brain malignancy, has very low survival rates and a high level of recurrence. Nowadays, conventional treatments for these patients are suffering a similar plight owing to the distinctive features of the malignant gliomas, for example chemotherapy is limited by the blood-brain barrier while surgery and radiation therapy are affected by the unclear boundaries of tumor from normal tissue. In the present study, a novel superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoprobe for enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was developed. A frequently used MRI probe, SPIO nanoparticles, was coated with a silica outer layer and for the first time was covalently modified with interleukin-6 receptor targeting peptides (I6P7) to promote transportation through the blood-brain barrier and recognition of low-grade gliomas. The efficiency of transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier was examined in vitro using a transwell invasion model and in vivo in nude mice with orthotopic low-grade gliomas. The targeting nanoprobe showed significant MRI enhancement and has potential for use in the diagnosis of low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Tan
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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21
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Molloy AR, Najac C, Viswanath P, Lakhani A, Subramani E, Batsios G, Radoul M, Gillespie AM, Pieper RO, Ronen SM. MR-detectable metabolic biomarkers of response to mutant IDH inhibition in low-grade glioma. Theranostics 2020; 10:8757-8770. [PMID: 32754276 PMCID: PMC7392019 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1mut) are reported in 70-90% of low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. IDH1mut catalyzes the reduction of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), an oncometabolite which drives tumorigenesis. Inhibition of IDH1mut is therefore an emerging therapeutic approach, and inhibitors such as AG-120 and AG-881 have shown promising results in phase 1 and 2 clinical studies. However, detection of response to these therapies prior to changes in tumor growth can be challenging. The goal of this study was to identify non-invasive clinically translatable metabolic imaging biomarkers of IDH1mut inhibition that can serve to assess response. Methods: IDH1mut inhibition was confirmed using an enzyme assay and 1H- and 13C- magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to investigate the metabolic effects of AG-120 and AG-881 on two genetically engineered IDH1mut-expressing cell lines, NHAIDH1mut and U87IDH1mut. Results:1H-MRS indicated a significant decrease in steady-state 2-HG following treatment, as expected. This was accompanied by a significant 1H-MRS-detectable increase in glutamate. However, other metabolites previously linked to 2-HG were not altered. 13C-MRS also showed that the steady-state changes in glutamate were associated with a modulation in the flux of glutamine to both glutamate and 2-HG. Finally, hyperpolarized 13C-MRS was used to show that the flux of α-KG to both glutamate and 2-HG was modulated by treatment. Conclusion: In this study, we identified potential 1H- and 13C-MRS-detectable biomarkers of response to IDH1mut inhibition in gliomas. Although further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of these biomarkers in vivo, we expect that in addition to a 1H-MRS-detectable drop in 2-HG, a 1H-MRS-detectable increase in glutamate, as well as a hyperpolarized 13C-MRS-detectable change in [1-13C] α-KG flux, could serve as metabolic imaging biomarkers of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Molloy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aliya Lakhani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Brain Tumor Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Guo B, Song P, Zhou K, Liu L, Wu HC. Simultaneous Sensing of Multiple Cancer Biomarkers by a Single DNA Nanoprobe in a Nanopore. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9405-9411. [PMID: 32539349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) are key biomarkers in tumor angiogenesis. Determination of the overexpression of the two biomarkers would provide valuable information on the progression of tumor growth and metastasis, but their simultaneous quantification by a single probe is unprecedented. Here, we develop a triplex DNA-based nanoprobe for simultaneously quantifying VEGF and MMP-9 using an α-hemolysin nanopore. A DNA aptamer is used as the triplex molecular beacon (tMB) loop to bind VEGF, and a stem-forming oligonucleotide modified with a short peptide is used to recognize MMP-9. The sequential presence of VEGF and MMP-9 could also be identified by different patterns of current events. Besides, the characteristic current events generated by the DNA probe possess pH-dependent patterns that can be used to reflect the environmental pH. Success in the construction of such DNA nanoprobes will greatly facilitate the investigation of the mechanisms of different tumor angiogenesis processes and provide a useful approach for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chen Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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23
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Metabolomic studies of breast cancer in murine models: A review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165713. [PMID: 32014550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomic strategies have been extensively used to search for biomarkers of disease, including cancer, in biological complex mixtures such as cells, tissues and biofluids. In breast cancer research, murine models are of great value and metabolomics has been increasingly applied to characterize tumor or organ tissues, or biofluids, for instance to follow-up metabolism during cancer progression or response to specific therapies. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review briefly introduces the different murine models used in breast cancer research and proceeds to present the metabolomic studies reported so far to describe the deviant metabolic behavior associated to breast cancer, in each type of model: xenografts (cell- or patient-derived), spontaneous (naturally-occurring or genetically engineered) and carcinogen-induced. The type of sample and strategies followed are identified, as well as the main findings from of study. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics has gradually become relevant in characterizing murine models of breast cancer, using either Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or Mass Spectromety (MS). Both tissue and biofluids are matrixes of interest in this context, although in some type of models, reports have focused primarily on the former. The aims of tissue studies have comprised the search for mechanistic knowledge of carcinogenesis, metastasis development and response/resistance to therapies. Biofluid metabolomics has mainly aimed at finding non-invasive biomarkers for early breast cancer detection or prognosis determination. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Metabolomics provides exquisite detail on murine tumor and systemic metabolism of breast cancer. This knowledge paves the way for the discovery of new biomarkers, potentially translatable to in vivo non-invasive patient follow-up.
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Abstract
In this chapter, we summarize data preprocessing and data analysis strategies used for analysis of NMR data for metabolomics studies. Metabolomics consists of the analysis of the low molecular weight compounds in cells, tissues, or biological fluids, and has been used to reveal biomarkers for early disease detection and diagnosis, to monitor interventions, and to provide information on pathway perturbations to inform mechanisms and identifying targets. Metabolic profiling (also termed metabotyping) involves the analysis of hundreds to thousands of molecules using mainly state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy technologies. While NMR is less sensitive than mass spectrometry, NMR does provide a wealth of complex and information rich metabolite data. NMR data together with the use of conventional statistics, modeling methods, and bioinformatics tools reveals biomarker and mechanistic information. A typical NMR spectrum, with up to 64k data points, of a complex biological fluid or an extract of cells and tissues consists of thousands of sharp signals that are mainly derived from small molecules. In addition, a number of advanced NMR spectroscopic methods are available for extracting information on high molecular weight compounds such as lipids or lipoproteins. There are numerous data preprocessing, data reduction, and analysis methods developed and evolving in the field of NMR metabolomics. Our goal is to provide an extensive summary of NMR data preprocessing and analysis strategies by providing examples and open source and commercially available analysis software and bioinformatics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Kristine Kay
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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25
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Julià-Sapé M, Candiota AP, Arús C. Cancer metabolism in a snapshot: MRS(I). NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4054. [PMID: 30633389 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of MRS(I) to the in vivo evaluation of cancer-metabolism-derived metrics, mostly since 2016, is reviewed here. Increased carbon consumption by tumour cells, which are highly glycolytic, is now being sampled by 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) following the injection of hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate (Pyr). Hot-spots of, mostly, increased lactate dehydrogenase activity or flow between Pyr and lactate (Lac) have been seen with cancer progression in prostate (preclinical and in humans), brain and pancreas (both preclinical) tumours. Therapy response is usually signalled by decreased Lac/Pyr 13 C-labelled ratio with respect to untreated or non-responding tumour. For therapeutic agents inducing tumour hypoxia, the 13 C-labelled Lac/bicarbonate ratio may be a better metric than the Lac/Pyr ratio. 31 P MRSI may sample intracellular pH changes from brain tumours (acidification upon antiangiogenic treatment, basification at fast proliferation and relapse). The steady state tumour metabolome pattern is still in use for cancer evaluation. Metrics used for this range from quantification of single oncometabolites (such as 2-hydroxyglutarate in mutant IDH1 glial brain tumours) to selected metabolite ratios (such as total choline to N-acetylaspartate (plain ratio or CNI index)) or the whole 1 H MRSI(I) pattern through pattern recognition analysis. These approaches have been applied to address different questions such as tumour subtype definition, following/predicting the response to therapy or defining better resection or radiosurgery limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Julià-Sapé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Liu L, You Y, Zhou K, Guo B, Cao Z, Zhao Y, Wu H. A Dual‐Response DNA Probe for Simultaneously Monitoring Enzymatic Activity and Environmental pH Using a Nanopore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14929-14934. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yi You
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Bingyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hai‐Chen Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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28
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Liu L, You Y, Zhou K, Guo B, Cao Z, Zhao Y, Wu H. A Dual‐Response DNA Probe for Simultaneously Monitoring Enzymatic Activity and Environmental pH Using a Nanopore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yi You
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Bingyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hai‐Chen Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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29
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Schmidt R, Seginer A, Tal A. Combining multiband slice selection with consistent k-t-space EPSI for accelerated spectral imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:867-876. [PMID: 30990227 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design and implement a multislice MRSI method for fast spectroscopic imaging, using a modified version of echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) that offers higher spectral width and/or shorter scan time. METHODS Echo planar spectroscopic imaging suffers from inconsistencies between readout lines acquired with gradients of opposite signs, which has typically been addressed by reconstructing the "positive" and "negative" data sets separately and averaging the two. Nevertheless, consistency between the readout lines of each phase encode can be achieved by interposing the EPSI readouts with alternating "blipped" phase-encode gradients. This method exchanges inconsistencies along the temporal dimension with inconsistencies along the phase-encode dimension, which are straightforward to correct, as is conventionally done in various EPI reconstruction schemes. Such consistent k-t-space EPSI doubles the spectral width in comparison to EPSI, or, in an alternative realization, yields the same spectral width as EPSI, but at half the acquisition time. In this work, multiband CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) slice selection was integrated with consistent k-t-space EPSI to further accelerate the measurement 2-fold. RESULTS The feasibility of a consistent k-t-space EPSI was demonstrated in both phantoms and in vivo brain imaging at 3 T, and four pulse scheme variants were evaluated. It was demonstrated to be useful in optimizing the spectral width and scan acceleration, both of which are limiting factors in vivo. Dual-band implementation was shown to shorten the duration of the scan 4-fold. CONCLUSION The consistent k-t-space EPSI can be used to accelerate MRSI or, alternatively, double its spectral width. Adding dual-band CAIPIRINHA further accelerates the acquisition by a factor of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Seginer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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30
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Zhu C, Li M, Vincent T, Martin HL, Crouch BT, Martinez AF, Madonna MC, Palmer GM, Dewhirst MW, Ramanujam N. Simultaneous in vivo optical quantification of key metabolic and vascular endpoints reveals tumor metabolic diversity in murine breast tumor models. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800372. [PMID: 30565420 PMCID: PMC8744479 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutically exploiting vascular and metabolic endpoints becomes critical to translational cancer studies because altered vascularity and deregulated metabolism are two important cancer hallmarks. The metabolic and vascular phenotypes of three sibling breast tumor lines with different metastatic potential are investigated in vivo with a newly developed quantitative spectroscopy system. All tumor lines have different metabolic and vascular characteristics compared to normal tissues, and there are strong positive correlations between metabolic (glucose uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential) and vascular (oxygen saturations and hemoglobin concentrations) parameters for metastatic (4T1) tumors but not for micrometastatic (4T07) and nonmetastatic (67NR) tumors. A longitudinal study shows that both vascular and metabolic endpoints of 4T1 tumors increased up to a specific tumor size threshold beyond which these parameters decreased. The synchronous changes between metabolic and vascular parameters, along with the strong positive correlations between these endpoints suggest that 4T1 tumors rely on strong oxidative phosphorylation in addition to glycolysis. This study illustrates the great potential of our optical technique to provide valuable dynamic information about the interplay between the metabolic and vascular status of tumors, with important implications for translational cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hannah L Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian T Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy F Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Office of Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan C Madonna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory M Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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31
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Lima ZS, Ebadi MR, Amjad G, Younesi L. Application of Imaging Technologies in Breast Cancer Detection: A Review Article. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:838-848. [PMID: 30962849 PMCID: PMC6447343 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the techniques utilised in the management of cancer in all stages is multiple biomedical imaging. Imaging as an important part of cancer clinical protocols can provide a variety of information about morphology, structure, metabolism and functions. Application of imaging technics together with other investigative apparatus including in fluids analysis and vitro tissue would help clinical decision-making. Mixed imaging techniques can provide supplementary information used to improve staging and therapy planning. Imaging aimed to find minimally invasive therapy to make better results and reduce side effects. Probably, the most important factor in reducing mortality of certain cancers is an early diagnosis of cancer via screening based on imaging. The most common cancer in women is breast cancer. It is considered as the second major cause of cancer deaths in females, and therefore it remained as an important medical and socio-economic issue. Medical imaging has always formed part of breast cancer care and has used in all phases of cancer management from detection and staging to therapy monitoring and post-therapeutic follow-up. An essential action to be performed in the preoperative staging of breast cancer based on breast imaging. The general term of breast imaging refers to breast sonography, mammography, and magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) of the breast (magnetic resonance mammography, MRM). Further development in technology will lead to increase imaging speed to meet physiological processes requirements. One of the issues in the diagnosis of breast cancer is sensitivity limitation. To overcome this limitation, complementary imaging examinations are utilised that traditionally includes screening ultrasound, and combined mammography and ultrasound. Development in targeted imaging and therapeutic agents calls for close cooperation among academic environment and industries such as biotechnological, IT and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Safarpour Lima
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ebadi
- Shohadaye Haft-e-tir Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Amjad
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Younesi
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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32
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Kirlik G, Gullapalli R, D'Souza W, Md Daud Iqbal G, Naslund M, Wong J, Papadimitriou JC, Papadimitrou J, Roys S, Mistry N, Zhang H. A Supervised Learning Tool for Prostate Cancer Foci Detection and Aggressiveness Identification using Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging. Cancer Inform 2018; 17:1176935118786260. [PMID: 30013306 PMCID: PMC6043929 DOI: 10.1177/1176935118786260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the United States. The current main methods for diagnosing prostate cancer include prostate-specific antigen test and transrectal biopsy. Prostate-specific antigen screening has been criticized for overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, and transrectal biopsy is an invasive procedure with low sensitivity for diagnosis. We provided a quantitative tool using supervised learning with multiparametric imaging to be able to accurately detect cancer foci and its aggressiveness. A total of 223 specimens from patients who received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging prior to the surgery were studied. Multiparametric imaging included extracting T2-map, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using diffusion-weighted MRI, Ktrans using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and 3-dimensional-MR spectroscopy. A pathologist reviewed all 223 specimens and marked cancerous regions on each and graded them with Gleason scores, which served as the ground truth to validate our prediction model. In cancer aggressiveness prediction, the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value was 0.73 with 95% confidence interval (0.72-0.74) and the average sensitivity and specificity were 0.72 (0.71-0.73) and 0.73 (0.71-0.75), respectively. For the cancer detection model, the average AUC value was 0.68 (0.66-0.70) and the average sensitivity and specificity were 0.73 (0.70-0.77) and 0.62 (0.60-0.68), respectively. Our method included capability to handle class imbalance using adaptive boosting with random undersampling. In addition, our method was noninvasive and allowed for nonsubjective disease characterization, which provided physician information to make personalized treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Kirlik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rao Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Warren D'Souza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gazi Md Daud Iqbal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Naslund
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jade Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John Papadimitrou
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steve Roys
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nagashima F, Nishiyama R, Iwao B, Kawai Y, Ishii C, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Choline Transporter-Like Proteins in Esophageal Cancer Cells and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:399-408. [PMID: 29223141 PMCID: PMC6029686 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the molecular and functional characterization of choline uptake in the human esophageal cancer cells. In addition, we examined the influence of various drugs on the transport of [3H]choline, and explored the possible correlation between the inhibition of choline uptake and apoptotic cell death. We found that both choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNAs and proteins were highly expressed in esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE series). CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system, which is both Na+-independent and pH-dependent. Choline uptake and cell viability were inhibited by various cationic drugs. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of the potencies of 47 drugs for the inhibition of choline uptake and cell viability showed a strong correlation. Choline uptake inhibitors and choline deficiency each inhibited cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. We conclude that extracellular choline is mainly transported via a CTL1. The functional inhibition of CTL1 by cationic drugs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, CTL2 may be involved in choline uptake in mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis and DNA methylation. Identification of this CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for esophageal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Nagashima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ryohta Nishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Beniko Iwao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kawai
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Chikanao Ishii
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Zhu C, Martin HL, Crouch BT, Martinez AF, Li M, Palmer GM, Dewhirst MW, Ramanujam N. Near-simultaneous quantification of glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and vascular parameters in murine flank tumors using quantitative diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3399-3412. [PMID: 29984105 PMCID: PMC6033552 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The shifting metabolic landscape of aggressive tumors, with fluctuating oxygenation conditions and temporal changes in glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, is a critical phenomenon to study in order to understand negative treatment outcomes. Recently, we have demonstrated near-simultaneous optical imaging of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glucose uptake in non-tumor window chambers, using the fluorescent probes tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and 2-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). Here, we demonstrate a complementary technique to perform near-simultaneous in vivo optical spectroscopy of tissue vascular parameters, glucose uptake, and MMP in a solid tumor model that is most often used for therapeutic studies. Our study demonstrates the potential of optical spectroscopy as an effective tool to quantify the vascular and metabolic characteristics of a tumor, which is an important step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hannah L. Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brian T. Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Amy F. Martinez
- Currently with Office of Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory M. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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35
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Extracellular pH is a biomarker enabling detection of breast cancer and liver cancer using CEST MRI. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45759-45767. [PMID: 28501855 PMCID: PMC5542224 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular pH (pHe) decrease is associated with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance, which can be detected by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we demonstrated that ioversol CEST MRI can be exploited to achieve pHe mapping of the liver cancer microenvironment. In in vitro studies, we firstly explored whether ioversol signal is pH-dependent, and calculated the function equation between the CEST effects of ioversol and pH values, in the range of 6.0 to 7.8, by a ratiometric method. Then we verified the feasibility of this technique and the equation in vivo by applying pHe imaging in an MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mouse breast cancer model, which is often used in CEST pHe studies. Furthermore, in vivo ioversol CEST MRI, we were able to map relative pHe and differentiate between tumor and normal tissue in a McA-RH7777 rat hepatoma model. This suggests pHe may be a useful biomarker for human liver cancer.
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36
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Viswanath P, Radoul M, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Luchman HA, Gregory Cairncross J, Pieper RO, Phillips JJ, Ronen SM. Mutant IDH1 gliomas downregulate phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine synthesis in a 2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent manner. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 29619216 PMCID: PMC5881177 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have identified elevated levels of the phospholipid precursor phosphocholine (PC) and phosphoethanolamine (PE) as metabolic hallmarks of cancer. Unusually, however, PC and PE levels are reduced in mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDHmut) gliomas that produce the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) relative to wild-type IDH1 (IDHwt) gliomas. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism underlying this unusual metabolic reprogramming in IDHmut gliomas. METHODS Steady-state PC and PE were quantified using 31P-MRS. To quantify de novo PC and PE synthesis, we used 13C-MRS and measured flux to 13C-PC and 13C-PE in cells incubated with [1,2-13C]-choline and [1,2-13C]-ethanolamine. The activities of choline kinase (CK) and ethanolamine kinase (EK), the enzymes responsible for PC and PE synthesis, were quantified using 31P-MR-based assays. To interrogate the role of 2-HG, we examined IDHwt cells incubated with 2-HG and, conversely, IDHmut cells treated with the IDHmut inhibitor AGI-5198. To examine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), we silenced HIF-1α using RNA interference. To confirm our findings in vivo and in the clinic, we studied IDHwt and IDHmut orthotopic tumor xenografts and glioma patient biopsies. RESULTS De novo synthesis of PC and PE was reduced in IDHmut cells relative to IDHwt. Concomitantly, CK activity and EK activity were reduced in IDHmut cells. Pharmacological manipulation of 2-HG levels established that 2-HG was responsible for reduced CK activity, EK activity, PC and PE. 2-HG has previously been reported to stabilize levels of HIF-1α, a known regulator of CK activity. Silencing HIF-1α in IDHmut cells restored CK activity, EK activity, PC and PE to IDHwt levels. Our findings were recapitulated in IDHmut orthotopic tumor xenografts and, most importantly, in IDHmut patient biopsies, validating our findings in vivo and in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies, to our knowledge for the first time, a direct role for 2-HG in the downregulation of CK and EK activity, and thereby, PC and PE synthesis in IDHmut gliomas. These results highlight the unusual reprogramming of phospholipid metabolism in IDHmut gliomas and have implications for the identification of MRS-detectable metabolic biomarkers associated with 2-HG status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hema Artee Luchman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - J. Gregory Cairncross
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Russell O. Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Box 2532. Byers Hall 3rd Floor, Suite, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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37
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Martinez AF, McCachren SS, Lee M, Murphy HA, Zhu C, Crouch BT, Martin HL, Erkanli A, Rajaram N, Ashcraft KA, Fontanella AN, Dewhirst MW, Ramanujam N. Metaboloptics: Visualization of the tumor functional landscape via metabolic and vascular imaging. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520098 PMCID: PMC5843602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers adeptly modulate metabolism to thrive in fluctuating oxygen conditions; however, current tools fail to image metabolic and vascular endpoints at spatial resolutions needed to visualize these adaptations in vivo. We demonstrate a high-resolution intravital microscopy technique to quantify glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and SO2 to characterize the in vivo phentoypes of three distinct murine breast cancer lines. Tetramethyl rhodamine, ethyl ester (TMRE) was thoroughly validated to report on MMP in normal and tumor-bearing mice. Imaging MMP or glucose uptake together with vascular endpoints revealed that metastatic 4T1 tumors maintained increased glucose uptake across all SO2 (“Warburg effect”), and also showed increased MMP relative to normal tissue. Non-metastatic 67NR and 4T07 tumor lines both displayed increased MMP, but comparable glucose uptake, relative to normal tissue. The 4T1 peritumoral areas also showed a significant glycolytic shift relative to the tumor regions. During a hypoxic stress test, 4T1 tumors showed significant increases in MMP with corresponding significant drops in SO2, indicative of intensified mitochondrial metabolism. Conversely, 4T07 and 67NR tumors shifted toward glycolysis during hypoxia. Our findings underscore the importance of imaging metabolic endpoints within the context of a living microenvironment to gain insight into a tumor’s adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - Marianne Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helen A Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian T Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hannah L Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alaattin Erkanli
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Combined hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRS and 18F-FDG PET (hyperPET) estimates of glycolysis in canine cancer patients. Eur J Radiol 2018; 103:6-12. [PMID: 29803387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) using hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate as a substrate offers a measure of pyruvate-lactate interconversion and is thereby a marker of the elevated aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) generally exhibited by cancer cells. Here, we aim to compare hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS with simultaneous 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET in a cross-sectional study of canine cancer patients. METHODS Canine cancer patients underwent integrated PET/MRI using a clinical whole-body system. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was obtained using dissolution-DNP. 18F-FDG PET, dynamic 13C MRS, 13C MRS Imaging (MRSI) and anatomical 1H MRI was acquired from 17 patients. Apparent pyruvate-to-lactate rate constants were estimated from dynamic 13C MRS. 18F-FDG Standard Uptake Values and maximum [1-13C]lactate-to-total-13C ratios were obtained from tumor regions of interest. Following inspection of data, patients were grouped according to main cancer type and linear regression between measures of lactate generation and 18F-FDG uptake were tested within groups. Between groups, the same measures were tested for group differences. RESULTS The main cancer types of the 17 patients were sarcoma (n = 11), carcinoma (n = 5) and mastocytoma (n = 1). Significant correlations between pyruvate-to-lactate rate constants and 18F-FDG uptake were found for sarcoma patients, whereas no significant correlations appeared for carcinoma patients. The sarcoma patients showed a non-significant trend towards lower 18F-FDG uptake and higher lactate generation than carcinoma patients. However, the ratio of lactate generation to 18F-FDG uptake was found to be significantly higher in sarcoma as compared to carcinoma. The results were found both when lactate generation was estimated as an apparent pyruvate-to-lactate rate constant from dynamic 13C MRS and as an [1-13C]lactate to total 13C ratio from 13C MRSI. CONCLUSIONS A comparison of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS with simultaneous 18F-FDG PET indicate that lactate generation and 18F-FDG uptake in cancers can be related and that their relation depend on cancer type. This finding could be important for the interpretation and eventual clinical implementation of hyperpolarized 13C. In addition, the differences between the two modalities may allow for better metabolic phenotyping performing hybrid imaging in the form of hyperPET.
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Abstract
In vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) allows the non-invasive detection and quantification of a number of metabolites from localized volumes within a living organism. MRS localization techniques can be divided into two main groups, single voxel and multi-voxel. Single voxel techniques provide the metabolic profile from a specific small volume, whereas multi-voxel techniques are used to obtain the spatial distribution of metabolites throughout a large volume subdivided into small contiguous voxels. This chapter describes standard protocols for the acquisition and processing of in vivo single voxel1H MRS data from the rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Muñoz-Hernández
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Luisa García-Martín
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Málaga, Spain.
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Dorez H, Ratiney H, Canaple L, Saint-Jalmes H, Gaillard S, Moussata D, Sablong R, Beuf O. In vivo MRS for the assessment of mouse colon using a dedicated endorectal coil: initial findings. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3794. [PMID: 28945298 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a common group of inflammation conditions that can affect the colon and the rectum. These pathologies require a careful follow-up of patients to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Currently, conventional endoscopy is used to depict alterations of the intestinal walls, and biopsies are performed on suspicious lesions for further analysis (histology). MRS enables the in vivo analysis of biochemical content of tissues (i.e. without removing any samples). Combined with dedicated endorectal coils (ERCs), MRS provides new ways of characterizing alterations of tissues. An MRS in vivo protocol was specifically set up on healthy mice and on mice chemically treated to induce colitis. Acquisitions were performed on a 4.7 T system using a linear volume birdcage coil for the transmission of the B1 magnetic field, and a dedicated ERC was used for signal reception. Colon-wall complex, lumen and visceral fat were assessed on healthy and treated mice with voxel sizes ranging from 0.125 μL to 2 μL while keeping acquisition times below 3 min. The acquired spectra show various biochemical contents such as α- and β-methylene but also glycerol backbone and diacyl. Choline was detected in tumoral regions. Visceral fat regions display a high lipid content with no water, whereas colon-wall complex exhibits both high lipid and high water contents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that in vivo MRS using an ERC has been performed in the assessment of colon walls and surrounding structures. It provides keys for the in vivo characterization of small local suspicious lesions and offers complementary solutions to biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Dorez
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Ratiney
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Canaple
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, UMR 5242 CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Saint-Jalmes
- LTSI, INSERM U642, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- CRLCC, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Gaillard
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Driffa Moussata
- Hôpital Régional Universitaire de Tours-Service hépato-gastroentérologie, Tours, France
| | - Raphaël Sablong
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Beuf
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
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Corbin Z, Spielman D, Recht L. A Metabolic Therapy for Malignant Glioma Requires a Clinical Measure. Curr Oncol Rep 2017; 19:84. [PMID: 29098465 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-017-0637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are "reprogrammed" to use a much higher rate of glycolysis (GLY) relative to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), even in the presence of adequate amounts of oxygenation. Originally identified by Nobel Laureate Otto Warburg, this hallmark of cancer has recently been termed metabolic reprogramming and represents a way for the cancer tissue to divert carbon skeletons to produce biomass. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie this metabolic shift should lead to better strategies for cancer treatments. Malignant gliomas, cancers that are very resistant to conventional treatments, are highly glycolytic and seem particularly suited to approaches that can subvert this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Corbin
- Department of Neurology (ZC), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Spielman
- Department of Radiology (DS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences (LR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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Dietz C, Ehret F, Palmas F, Vandergrift LA, Jiang Y, Schmitt V, Dufner V, Habbel P, Nowak J, Cheng LL. Applications of high-resolution magic angle spinning MRS in biomedical studies II-Human diseases. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3784. [PMID: 28915318 PMCID: PMC5690552 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) MRS is a powerful method for gaining insight into the physiological and pathological processes of cellular metabolism. Given its ability to obtain high-resolution spectra of non-liquid biological samples, while preserving tissue architecture for subsequent histopathological analysis, the technique has become invaluable for biochemical and biomedical studies. Using HRMAS MRS, alterations in measured metabolites, metabolic ratios, and metabolomic profiles present the possibility to improve identification and prognostication of various diseases and decipher the metabolomic impact of drug therapies. In this review, we evaluate HRMAS MRS results on human tissue specimens from malignancies and non-localized diseases reported in the literature since the inception of the technique in 1996. We present the diverse applications of the technique in understanding pathological processes of different anatomical origins, correlations with in vivo imaging, effectiveness of therapies, and progress in the HRMAS methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dietz
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ehret
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Palmas
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, 09042 Italy
| | - Lindsey A. Vandergrift
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Yanni Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 China
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vera Dufner
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Zhu C, Martinez AF, Martin HL, Li M, Crouch BT, Carlson DA, Haystead TAJ, Ramanujam N. Near-simultaneous intravital microscopy of glucose uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential, key endpoints that reflect major metabolic axes in cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13772. [PMID: 29062013 PMCID: PMC5653871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the demand for metabolic imaging has increased in recent years, simultaneous in vivo measurement of multiple metabolic endpoints remains challenging. Here we report on a novel technique that provides in vivo high-resolution simultaneous imaging of glucose uptake and mitochondrial metabolism within a dynamic tissue microenvironment. Two indicators were leveraged; 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG) reports on glucose uptake and Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) reports on mitochondrial membrane potential. Although we demonstrated that there was neither optical nor chemical crosstalk between 2-NBDG and TMRE, TMRE uptake was significantly inhibited by simultaneous injection with 2-NBDG in vivo. A staggered delivery scheme of the two agents (TMRE injection was followed by 2-NBDG injection after a 10-minute delay) permitted near-simultaneous in vivo microscopy of 2-NBDG and TMRE at the same tissue site by mitigating the interference of 2-NBDG with normal glucose usage. The staggered delivery strategy was evaluated under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in normal tissues as well as in a murine breast cancer model. The results were consistent with those expected for independent imaging of 2-NBDG and TMRE. This optical imaging technique allows for monitoring of key metabolic endpoints with the unique benefit of repeated, non-destructive imaging within an intact microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Amy F Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hannah L Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Brian T Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - David A Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Clinical Applications: A Review. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2017; 48:233-253. [PMID: 31047406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In vivo NMR spectroscopy is known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS has been applied as both a research and a clinical tool in order to detect visible or nonvisible abnormalities. The adaptability of MRS allows a technique that can probe a wide variety of metabolic uses across different tissues. Although MRS is mostly applied for brain tissue, it can be used for detection, localization, staging, tumour aggressiveness evaluation, and tumour response assessment of breast, prostate, hepatic, and other cancers. In this article, the medical applications of MRS in the brain, including tumours, neural and psychiatric disorder studies, breast, prostate, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary investigations have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- KowsalyaDevi Pavuluri
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland 21205 United States
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland 21205 United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging; Kennedy Krieger Research Institute; Baltimore, Maryland 21205 United States
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46
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Medriano CAD, Na J, Lim KM, Chung JH, Park YH. Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Pathway Analyses of Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:44-54. [PMID: 28580307 PMCID: PMC5448325 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study attempted to identify altered metabolism and pathways related to
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and myeloma patients.
Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, we collected plasma samples from
11 patients-6 healthy controls with no evidence of any blood cancers and 5 patients with
either multiple myeloma (n=3) or NHL (n=2) during the preliminary study period. Samples
were analyzed using quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
(LC-MS). Significant features generated after statistical analyses were used for metabolomics and pathway analysis. Results Data after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment at q=0.05 of features showed
136 for positive and 350 significant features for negative ionization mode in NHL patients as
well as 262 for positive and 98 features for negative ionization mode in myeloma patients.
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis determined that
pathways such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and arginine and proline
metabolism were affected in NHL patients. In myeloma patients, pyrimidine metabolism,
carbon metabolism, and bile secretion pathways were potentially affected by the disease. Conclusion The results have shown tremendous differences in the metabolites of healthy
individuals compared to myeloma and lymphoma patients. Validation through quantitative
metabolomics is encouraged, especially for the metabolites with significantly expression
in blood cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhyuk Na
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong City, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngja H Park
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong City, Korea
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47
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Hope-Roberts M, Horobin RW. A review of curcumin as a biological stain and as a self-visualizing pharmaceutical agent. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:315-323. [PMID: 28506128 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1310925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been widely used to color textiles but, unlike other natural dyes such as hematoxylin or saffron, it rarely has been discussed as a biological stain. Aspects of the physicochemistry of curcumin relevant to biological staining and self-visualization, i.e., its acidic properties, lipophilicity, metal and pseudometal complexes, and optical properties, are summarized briefly here. Reports of staining of non-living biological specimens in sections and smears, both fixed and unfixed, including specimens embedded in resin, are summarized here. Staining of amyloid, boron and chromatin are outlined and possible reaction mechanisms discussed. Use of curcumin as a vital stain also is described, both in cultured monolayers and in whole organisms. Staining mechanisms are considered especially for the selective uptake of curcumin into cancer cells. Staining with curcumin labeled nanoparticles is discussed. Toxicity and safety issues associated with the dye also are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hope-Roberts
- a Arcana Scientific and Medical Translations , Sheffield
| | - R W Horobin
- b Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry , The University of Glasgow , Glasgow , Scotland , UK
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48
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MR Molecular Imaging of Brain Cancer Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 25:187-196. [PMID: 27748711 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer. Alterations in many metabolic pathways support the requirement for cellular building blocks that are essential for cancer cell proliferation. This metabolic reprogramming can be imaged using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). H MRS can inform on alterations in the steady-state levels of cellular metabolites, but the emergence of hyperpolarized C MRS has now also enabled imaging of metabolic fluxes in real-time, providing a new method for tumor detection and monitoring of therapeutic response. In the case of glioma, preclinical cell and animal studies have shown that the hyperpolarized C MRS metabolic imaging signature is specific to tumor type and can distinguish between mutant IDH1 glioma and primary glioblastoma. Here, we review these findings, first describing the main metabolic pathways that are altered in the different glioma subtypes, and then reporting on the use of hyperpolarized C MRS and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to probe these pathways. We show that the future translation of this hyperpolarized C MRS molecular metabolic imaging method to the clinic promises to improve the noninvasive detection, characterization, and response-monitoring of brain tumors resulting in improved patient diagnosis and clinical management.
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49
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Ramachandran GK, Yeow CH. Proton NMR characterization of intact primary and metastatic melanoma cells in 2D & 3D cultures. Biol Res 2017; 50:12. [PMID: 28302167 PMCID: PMC5353880 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the differences between the primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines grown in 2D cultures and 3D cultures. Methods Primary melanoma cells (WM115) and metastatic melanoma cells (WM266) extracted from a single donor was cultured in 2D as well as 3D cultures. These cells were characterized using proton NMR spectrometry, and the qualitative chemical shifts markers were identified and discussed. Results In monolayer culture (2D), we observed one qualitative chemical shift marker for primary melanoma cells. In spheroid cultures (3D), we observed nine significant chemical shifts, of which eight markers were specific for primary melanoma spheroids, whereas the other one marker was specific to metastatic melanoma spheroids. This study suggests that the glucose accumulation and phospholipid composition vary significantly between the primary and metastatic cells lines that are obtained from a single donor and also with the cell culturing methods. 14 qualitative chemical shift markers were obtained in the comparison between monolayer culture and spheroids cultures irrespective of the differences in the cell lines. Among which 4 were unique to monolayer cultures whereas 10 chemical shifts were unique to the spheroid cultures. This study also shows that the method of cell culture would drastically affect the phospholipid composition of the cells and also depicts that the cells in spheroid culture closely resembles the cells in vivo. Conclusion This study shows the high specificity of proton NMR spectrometry in characterizing cancer cell lines and also shows the variations in the glucose accumulation and phospholipid composition between the primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines from the same donor. Differences in the cell culture method does plays an important role in phospholipid composition of the cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-017-0117-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokula Krishnan Ramachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E1-08-016, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Chen Hua Yeow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E1-08-016, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502
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