1
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Mikesell AR, Isaeva E, Schulte ML, Menzel AD, Sriram A, Prahl MM, Shin SM, Sadler KE, Yu H, Stucky CL. Keratinocyte Piezo1 drives paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571332. [PMID: 38168305 PMCID: PMC10760029 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrates that epidermal keratinocytes are critical for normal touch sensation. However, it is unknown if keratinocytes contribute to touch evoked pain and hypersensitivity following tissue injury. Here, we used inhibitory optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques to determine the extent to which keratinocyte activity contributes to the severe neuropathic pain that accompanies chemotherapeutic treatment. We found that keratinocyte inhibition largely alleviates paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Furthermore, we found that paclitaxel exposure sensitizes mouse and human keratinocytes to mechanical stimulation through the keratinocyte mechanotransducer Piezo1. These findings demonstrate the contribution of non-neuronal cutaneous cells to neuropathic pain and pave the way for the development of new pain-relief strategies that target epidermal keratinocytes and Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Mikesell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Anthony D Menzel
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anvitha Sriram
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Megan M Prahl
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Seung Min Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Katelyn E Sadler
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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2
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Yue Z, Lin J, Lu X, Gao Q, Pan M, Zhang Y, Shen S, Zhu WG, Paus R. Keratin 17 Impacts Global Gene Expression and Controls G2/M Cell Cycle Transition in Ionizing Radiation-Induced Skin Damage. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2436-2446.e13. [PMID: 37414246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Keratin 17 (K17) is a cytoskeletal protein that is part of the intermediate filaments in epidermal keratinocytes. In K17-/- mice, ionizing radiation induced more severe hair follicle damage, whereas the epidermal inflammatory response was attenuated compared with that in wild-type mice. Both p53 and K17 have a major impact on global gene expression because over 70% of the differentially expressed genes in the skin of wild-type mice showed no expression change in p53-/- or K17-/- skin after ionizing radiation. K17 does not interfere with the dynamics of p53 activation; rather, global p53 binding in the genome is altered in K17-/- mice. The absence of K17 leads to aberrant cell cycle progression and mitotic catastrophe in epidermal keratinocytes, which is due to nuclear retention, thus reducing the degradation of B-Myb, a key regulator of the G2/M cell cycle transition. These results expand our understanding of the role of K17 in regulating global gene expression and ionizing radiation-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiCao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China.
| | - JianQiong Lin
- Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - XiaoPeng Lu
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - QingXiang Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - MeiPing Pan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - YaFei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - SiTing Shen
- Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Center for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Manchester, United Kingdom
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3
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Chen VY, Siegfried LG, Tomic-Canic M, Stone RC, Pastar I. Cutaneous changes in diabetic patients: Primed for aberrant healing? Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:700-712. [PMID: 37365017 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestations affect most patients with diabetes mellitus, clinically presenting with numerous dermatologic diseases from xerosis to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Skin conditions not only impose a significantly impaired quality of life on individuals with diabetes but also predispose patients to further complications. Knowledge of cutaneous biology and the wound healing process under diabetic conditions is largely limited to animal models, and studies focusing on biology of the human condition of DFUs remain limited. In this review, we discuss the critical molecular, cellular, and structural changes to the skin in the hyperglycaemic and insulin-resistant environment of diabetes with a focus specifically on human-derived data. Elucidating the breadth of the cutaneous manifestations coupled with effective diabetes management is important for improving patient quality of life and averting future complications including wound healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Y Chen
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey G Siegfried
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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4
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Ghose S, Ju Y, McDonough E, Ho J, Karunamurthy A, Chadwick C, Cho S, Rose R, Corwin A, Surrette C, Martinez J, Williams E, Sood A, Al-Kofahi Y, Falo LD, Börner K, Ginty F. 3D reconstruction of skin and spatial mapping of immune cell density, vascular distance and effects of sun exposure and aging. Commun Biol 2023; 6:718. [PMID: 37468758 PMCID: PMC10356782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping the human body at single cell resolution in three dimensions (3D) is important for understanding cellular interactions in context of tissue and organ organization. 2D spatial cell analysis in a single tissue section may be limited by cell numbers and histology. Here we show a workflow for 3D reconstruction of multiplexed sequential tissue sections: MATRICS-A (Multiplexed Image Three-D Reconstruction and Integrated Cell Spatial - Analysis). We demonstrate MATRICS-A in 26 serial sections of fixed skin (stained with 18 biomarkers) from 12 donors aged between 32-72 years. Comparing the 3D reconstructed cellular data with the 2D data, we show significantly shorter distances between immune cells and vascular endothelial cells (56 µm in 3D vs 108 µm in 2D). We also show 10-70% more T cells (total) within 30 µm of a neighboring T helper cell in 3D vs 2D. Distances of p53, DDB2 and Ki67 positive cells to the skin surface were consistent across all ages/sun exposure and largely localized to the lower stratum basale layer of the epidermis. MATRICS-A provides a framework for analysis of 3D spatial cell relationships in healthy and aging organs and could be further extended to diseased organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ghose
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Yingnan Ju
- Indiana University, 107 South Indiana Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Jonhan Ho
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | | | - Sanghee Cho
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Rachel Rose
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Alex Corwin
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | | | - Jessica Martinez
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Eric Williams
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Anup Sood
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Kofahi
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Louis D Falo
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Katy Börner
- Indiana University, 107 South Indiana Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA.
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5
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Cao M, Zhang L, Cheng J, Wang C, Zhao J, Liu X, Yan Y, Tang Y, Chen Z, Li H. Differential antigen expression between human apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands. Eur J Histochem 2022; 67:3559. [PMID: 36546419 PMCID: PMC9827426 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromhidrosis has a great negative impact on personal occupation and social psychology. It is not yet clear whether bromhidrosis is caused by apocrine sweat glands or the co-action of apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands. To distinguish between apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands, specific antigen markers for apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands must be found first. In the study, we detected the expression of K7, K18, K19, Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), Forkhead transcription factor a1 (Foxa1), homeobox transcription factor engrailed homeobox1 (En1), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), mucin-1 (MUC-1), cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15) and apolipoprotein (APOD) in eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that K7, K18, K19, Foxa1, GCDFP-15 and MUC-1 were expressed in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, CD15 and APOD were only expressed in apocrine sweat glands, and CAII, NKCC1 and En1 were only expressed in eccrine sweat glands. We conclude that CD15 and APOD can serve as specific markers for apocrine sweat glands, while CAII, NKCC1 and En1 can serve as specific markers for eccrine sweat glands to differentiate the two sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiu Cao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Yongjing Yan
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Zixiu Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,Department of Wound Repair; Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Correspondence: Prof. Haihong Li, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China.
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6
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Cohen E, Johnson C, Redmond CJ, Nair RR, Coulombe PA. Revisiting the significance of keratin expression in complex epithelia. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260594. [PMID: 36285538 PMCID: PMC10658788 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A large group of keratin genes (n=54 in the human genome) code for intermediate filament (IF)-forming proteins and show differential regulation in epithelial cells and tissues. Keratin expression can be highly informative about the type of epithelial tissue, differentiation status of constituent cells and biological context (e.g. normal versus diseased settings). The foundational principles underlying the use of keratin expression to gain insight about epithelial cells and tissues primarily originated in pioneering studies conducted in the 1980s. The recent emergence of single cell transcriptomics provides an opportunity to revisit these principles and gain new insight into epithelial biology. Re-analysis of single-cell RNAseq data collected from human and mouse skin has confirmed long-held views regarding the quantitative importance and pairwise regulation of specific keratin genes in keratinocytes of surface epithelia. Furthermore, such analyses confirm and extend the notion that changes in keratin gene expression occur gradually as progenitor keratinocytes commit to and undergo differentiation, and challenge the prevailing assumption that specific keratin combinations reflect a mitotic versus a post-mitotic differentiating state. Our findings provide a blueprint for similar analyses in other tissues, and warrant a more nuanced approach in the use of keratin genes as biomarkers in epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Craig Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Catherine J. Redmond
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raji R. Nair
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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7
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Mikesell AR, Isaeva O, Moehring F, Sadler KE, Menzel AD, Stucky CL. Keratinocyte PIEZO1 modulates cutaneous mechanosensation. eLife 2022; 11:65987. [PMID: 36053009 PMCID: PMC9512397 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes mediate touch sensation by detecting and encoding tactile information to sensory neurons. However, the specific mechanotransducers that enable keratinocytes to respond to mechanical stimulation are unknown. Here, we found that the mechanically-gated ion channel PIEZO1 is a key keratinocyte mechanotransducer. Keratinocyte expression of PIEZO1 is critical for normal sensory afferent firing and behavioral responses to mechanical stimuli in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Mikesell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, United States
| | - Olena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Katelyn E Sadler
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Anthony D Menzel
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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8
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Jung KL, Choi UY, Park A, Foo SS, Kim S, Lee SA, Jung JU. Single-cell analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in three-dimensional air-liquid interface culture model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010775. [PMID: 35976902 PMCID: PMC9385030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the major site for transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but how KSHV establishes infection and replication in the oral epithelia remains unclear. Here, we report a KSHV spontaneous lytic replication model using fully differentiated, three-dimensional (3D) oral epithelial organoids at an air-liquid interface (ALI). This model revealed that KSHV infected the oral epithelia when the basal epithelial cells were exposed by damage. Unlike two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, 3D oral epithelial organoid ALI culture allowed high levels of spontaneous KSHV lytic replication, where lytically replicating cells were enriched at the superficial layer of epithelial organoid. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) showed that KSHV infection induced drastic changes of host gene expression in infected as well as uninfected cells at the different epithelial layers, resulting in altered keratinocyte differentiation and cell death. Moreover, we identified a unique population of infected cells containing lytic gene expression at the KSHV K2-K5 gene locus and distinct host gene expression compared to latent or lytic infected cells. This study demonstrates an in vitro 3D epithelial organoid ALI culture model that recapitulates KSHV infection in the oral cavity, where KSHV undergoes the epithelial differentiation-dependent spontaneous lytic replication with a unique cell population carrying distinct viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Un Yung Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Suan-Sin Foo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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9
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Lyu Y, Ge Y. Toward Elucidating Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cell Lineage Plasticity in Skin Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903904. [PMID: 35663405 PMCID: PMC9160930 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in human body, harboring a plethora of cell types and serving as the organismal barrier. Skin aging such as wrinkling and hair graying is graphically pronounced, and the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypic manifestations are beginning to unfold. As in many other organs and tissues, epigenetic and metabolic deregulations have emerged as key aging drivers. Particularly in the context of the skin epithelium, the epigenome and metabolome coordinately shape lineage plasticity and orchestrate stem cell function during aging. Our review discusses recent studies that proposed molecular mechanisms that drive the degeneration of hair follicles, a major appendage of the skin. By focusing on skin while comparing it to model organisms and adult stem cells of other tissues, we summarize literature on genotoxic stress, nutritional sensing, metabolic rewiring, mitochondrial activity, and epigenetic regulations of stem cell plasticity. Finally, we speculate about the rejuvenation potential of rate-limiting upstream signals during aging and the dominant role of the tissue microenvironment in dictating aged epithelial stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Yamaoka K, Yamada NL, Hori K, Fujii Y, Torikai N. Interfacial Selective Study on the Gelation Behavior of Aqueous Methylcellulose Solution via a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4494-4502. [PMID: 35377665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the interfacial structure and physical properties of a polymer material to improve its function. In this study, we used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements to evaluate the viscoelasticity and structure of an aqueous methylcellulose solution near the gold interface. The apparent shear modulus, which was calculated from the complex frequency, was used to assess gelation behavior. The apparent shear modulus determined via the QCM suggested high-frequency rheological properties that reflected the relaxation of skeletal stretching and rotational motion of polymer segments, as well as cooperative motion of the various functional groups. The gelation temperature was found to be lowered at the interface in comparison with that of the bulk. It is suggested that the QCM can evaluate the shear modulus accompanying the gelation near the interface. The interfacial segregation on the gold substrate caused by the surface free energy and long-range van der Waals interaction was observed from NR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamaoka
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hori
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujii
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Torikai
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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11
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Shindo Y, Fujita K, Tanaka M, Fujio H, Hotta K, Oka K. Mechanical stimulus-evoked signal transduction between keratinocytes and sensory neurons via extracellular ATP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 582:131-136. [PMID: 34710828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The skin is exposed to various external stimuli. Keratinocytes, which are the main cell type in the epidermis, interact with peripheral sensory neurons and modulate neuronal activity. Recent studies have revealed that keratinocytes play crucial roles in nociception, and that ATP is one of the main mediators of signal transduction from keratinocytes to sensory neurons. However, no quantitative cellular level analyses of ATP-mediated information flow from keratinocytes to sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons have been conducted. In this study, we performed simultaneous imaging of cell surface ATP and intracellular Ca2+ signals using both iATPSnFR, a genetically encoded ATP probe localized to the outside of the cell membrane, and the Ca2+ probe, Fura-red. Upon mechanical stimulation of the keratinocyte with a glass needle, an increase in Ca2+ and ATP release were observed around the stimulated area, and these phenomena were positively correlated. In cultured DRG neurons and keratinocytes neighboring the stimulated keratinocyte, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and levels of cell surface ATP on the side closer to the stimulated cell were detected. The ratio of Ca2+ response to input ATP signal was significantly larger in DRG neurons than in keratinocytes. We found that DRG neurons were more sensitive to ATP than keratinocytes, and therefore, only DRG neurons responded to ATP at 1 μM or lower concentrations when in co-culture with keratinocytes. Moreover, signals caused by moderate mechanical stimulation of keratinocytes were transmitted predominantly to DRG neurons. These findings would be important in the further determination of the detailed mechanism of nociception in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shindo
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keigo Fujita
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Mari Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujio
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kohji Hotta
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
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12
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Stucky CL, Mikesell AR. Cutaneous pain in disorders affecting peripheral nerves. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136233. [PMID: 34506882 PMCID: PMC8579816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to quickly detect and respond to harmful environmental stimuli is vital for our safety and survival. This inherent acute pain detection is a "gift" because it both protects our body from harm and allows healing of damaged tissues [1]. Damage to tissues from trauma or disease can result in distorted or amplified nociceptor signaling and sensitization of the spinal cord and brain (Central Nervous System; CNS) pathways to normal input from light touch mechanoreceptors. Together, these processes can result in nagging to unbearable chronic pain and extreme sensitivity to light skin touch (allodynia). Unlike acute protective pain, chronic pain and allodynia serve no useful purpose and can severely reduce the quality of life of an affected person. Chronic pain can arise from impairment to peripheral neurons, a phenomenon called "peripheral neuropathic pain." Peripheral neuropathic pain can be caused by many insults that directly affect peripheral sensory neurons, including mechanical trauma, metabolic imbalance (e.g., diabetes), autoimmune diseases, chemotherapeutic agents, viral infections (e.g., shingles). These insults cause "acquired" neuropathies such as small-fiber neuropathies, diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and post herpetic neuralgia. Peripheral neuropathic pain can also be caused by genetic factors and result in hereditary neuropathies that include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, rare channelopathies and Fabry disease. Many acquired and hereditary neuropathies affect the skin, our largest organ and protector of nearly our entire body. Here we review how cutaneous nociception (pain perceived from the skin) is altered following diseases that affect peripheral nerves that innervate the skin. We provide an overview of how noxious stimuli are detected and encoded by molecular transducers on subtypes of cutaneous afferent endings and conveyed to the CNS. Next, we discuss several acquired and hereditary diseases and disorders that cause painful or insensate (lack of sensation) cutaneous peripheral neuropathies, the symptoms and percepts patients experience, and how cutaneous afferents and other peripheral cell types are altered in function in these disorders. We highlight exciting new research areas that implicate non-neuronal skin cells, particularly keratinocytes, in cutaneous nociception and peripheral neuropathies. Finally, we conclude with ideas for innovative new directions, areas of unmet need, and potential opportunities for novel cutaneous therapeutics that may avoid CNS side effects, as well as ideas for improved translation of mechanisms identified in preclinical models to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Alexander R Mikesell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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13
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Börner K, Teichmann SA, Quardokus EM, Gee JC, Browne K, Osumi-Sutherland D, Herr BW, Bueckle A, Paul H, Haniffa M, Jardine L, Bernard A, Ding SL, Miller JA, Lin S, Halushka MK, Boppana A, Longacre TA, Hickey J, Lin Y, Valerius MT, He Y, Pryhuber G, Sun X, Jorgensen M, Radtke AJ, Wasserfall C, Ginty F, Ho J, Sunshine J, Beuschel RT, Brusko M, Lee S, Malhotra R, Jain S, Weber G. Anatomical structures, cell types and biomarkers of the Human Reference Atlas. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1117-1128. [PMID: 34750582 PMCID: PMC10079270 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Human Reference Atlas (HRA) aims to map all of the cells of the human body to advance biomedical research and clinical practice. This Perspective presents collaborative work by members of 16 international consortia on two essential and interlinked parts of the HRA: (1) three-dimensional representations of anatomy that are linked to (2) tables that name and interlink major anatomical structures, cell types, plus biomarkers (ASCT+B). We discuss four examples that demonstrate the practical utility of the HRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Börner
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellen M Quardokus
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - James C Gee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen Browne
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Osumi-Sutherland
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce W Herr
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andreas Bueckle
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Paul
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | - Shin Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Avinash Boppana
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Teri A Longacre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Hickey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yiing Lin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Todd Valerius
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gloria Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marda Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrea J Radtke
- Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fiona Ginty
- Biology and Applied Physics, General Electric Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Jonhan Ho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel Sunshine
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca T Beuschel
- Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maigan Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sujin Lee
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Griffin Weber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Yu B, Kong D, Cheng C, Xiang D, Cao L, Liu Y, He Y. Assembly and recognition of keratins: A structural perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 128:80-89. [PMID: 34654627 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Keratins are one of the major components of cytoskeletal network and assemble into fibrous structures named intermediate filaments (IFs), which are important for maintaining the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. Over the past decades, evidence has shown that the functions of keratins go beyond providing mechanical support for cells, they interact with multiple cellular components and are widely involved in the pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and death. However, the structural details of keratins and IFs are largely missing and many questions remain regarding the mechanisms of keratin assembly and recognition. Here we briefly review the current structural models and assembly of keratins as well as the interactions of keratins with the binding partners, which may provide a structural view for understanding the mechanisms of keratins in the biological activities and the related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dandan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells-Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Options. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092302. [PMID: 34571952 PMCID: PMC8465583 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human cornea, regeneration of the epithelium is regulated by the stem cell reservoir of the limbus, which is the marginal region of the cornea representing the anatomical and functional border between the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. In support of this concept, extensive limbal damage, e.g., by chemical or thermal injury, inflammation, or surgery, may induce limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) leading to vascularization and opacification of the cornea and eventually vision loss. These acquired forms of limbal stem cell deficiency may occur uni- or bilaterally, which is important for the choice of treatment. Moreover, a variety of inherited diseases, such as congenital aniridia or dyskeratosis congenita, are characterized by LSCD typically occurring bilaterally. Several techniques of autologous and allogenic stem cell transplantation have been established. The limbus can be restored by transplantation of whole limbal grafts, small limbal biopsies or by ex vivo-expanded limbal cells. In this review, the physiology of the corneal epithelium, the pathophysiology of LSCD, and the therapeutic options will be presented.
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16
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Kadumudi FB, Hasany M, Pierchala MK, Jahanshahi M, Taebnia N, Mehrali M, Mitu CF, Shahbazi MA, Zsurzsan TG, Knott A, Andresen TL, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. The Manufacture of Unbreakable Bionics via Multifunctional and Self-Healing Silk-Graphene Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100047. [PMID: 34247417 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials capable of transmitting signals over longer distances than those in rigid electronics can open new opportunities for humanity by mimicking the way tissues propagate information. For seamless mirroring of the human body, they also have to display conformability to its curvilinear architecture, as well as, reproducing native-like mechanical and electrical properties combined with the ability to self-heal on demand like native organs and tissues. Along these lines, a multifunctional composite is developed by mixing silk fibroin and reduced graphene oxide. The material is coined "CareGum" and capitalizes on a phenolic glue to facilitate sacrificial and hierarchical hydrogen bonds. The hierarchal bonding scheme gives rise to high mechanical toughness, record-breaking elongation capacity of ≈25 000%, excellent conformability to arbitrary and complex surfaces, 3D printability, a tenfold increase in electrical conductivity, and a fourfold increase in Young's modulus compared to its pristine counterpart. By taking advantage of these unique properties, a durable and self-healing bionic glove is developed for hand gesture sensing and sign translation. Indeed, CareGum is a new advanced material with promising applications in fields like cyborganics, bionics, soft robotics, human-machine interfaces, 3D-printed electronics, and flexible bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Masoud Hasany
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nayere Taebnia
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Cristian Florian Mitu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Tiberiu-Gabriel Zsurzsan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Arnold Knott
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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17
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Malpigmentation of Common Sole ( Solea solea) during Metamorphosis Is Associated with Differential Synaptic-Related Gene Expression. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082273. [PMID: 34438731 PMCID: PMC8388432 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Common sole (Solea solea) is an important species for the aquaculture industry. Defects in pigmentation of the species are very common in farmed conditions. Differences in gene expression between normally pigmented juveniles and those that present both sides full pigmented, ocular and blind, were investigated. Differentially expressed transcripts were functionally annotated, and gene ontology was carried out. The results indicated that ambicolorated juveniles showed a significant upregulation of genes involved in the signal transmission at the synaptic level and regulation of ion channels, affecting the plasticity and the development of the synapses, as well as the transmission of signals or ions through channels. Abstract In farmed flatfish, such as common sole, color disturbances are common. Dyschromia is a general term that includes the color defects on the blind and ocular sides of the fish. The purpose was to examine the difference in gene expression between normal pigmented and juveniles who present ambicoloration. The analysis was carried out with next-generation sequencing techniques and de novo assembly of the transcriptome. Transcripts that showed significant differences (FDR < 0.05) in the expression between the two groups, were related to those of zebrafish (Danio rerio), functionally identified, and classified into categories of the gene ontology. The results revealed that ambicolorated juveniles exhibit a divergent function, mainly of the central nervous system at the synaptic level, as well as the ionic channels. The close association of chromophore cells with the growth of nerve cells and the nervous system was recorded. The pathway, glutamate binding–activation of AMPA and NMDA receptors–long-term stimulation of postsynaptic potential–LTP (long term potentiation)–plasticity of synapses, appears to be affected. In addition, the development of synapses also seems to be affected by the interaction of the LGI (leucine-rich glioma inactivated) protein family with the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) ones.
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18
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Deng Z, Cangkrama M, Butt T, Jane SM, Carpinelli MR. Grainyhead-like transcription factors: guardians of the skin barrier. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:553-e152. [PMID: 33843098 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been selective pressure to maintain a skin barrier since terrestrial animals evolved 360 million years ago. These animals acquired an unique integumentary system with a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium surface barrier. The barrier protects against dehydration and entry of microbes and toxins. The skin barrier centres on the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis and consists of cornified envelopes cemented by the intercorneocyte lipid matrix. Multiple components of the barrier undergo cross-linking by transglutaminase (TGM) enzymes, while keratins provide additional mechanical strength. Cellular tight junctions also are crucial for barrier integrity. The grainyhead-like (GRHL) transcription factors regulate the formation and maintenance of the integument in diverse species. GRHL3 is essential for formation of the skin barrier during embryonic development, whereas GRHL1 maintains the skin barrier postnatally. This is achieved by transactivation of Tgm1 and Tgm5, respectively. In addition to its barrier function, GRHL3 plays key roles in wound repair and as an epidermal tumour suppressor. In its former role, GRHL3 activates the planar cell polarity signalling pathway to mediate wound healing by providing directional migration cues. In squamous epithelium, GRHL3 regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation, and its loss induces squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the skin, this is mediated through increased expression of MIR21, which reduces the expression levels of GRHL3 and its direct target, PTEN, leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway. These data position the GRHL family as master regulators of epidermal homeostasis across a vast gulf of evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Deng
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marina R Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Maurizi E, Adamo D, Magrelli FM, Galaverni G, Attico E, Merra A, Maffezzoni MBR, Losi L, Genna VG, Sceberras V, Pellegrini G. Regenerative Medicine of Epithelia: Lessons From the Past and Future Goals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652214. [PMID: 33842447 PMCID: PMC8026866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful regenerative medicine on human epithelia. To evaluate the applications of the first regenerated tissues, the analysis of the past successes and failures addresses some pending issues and lay the groundwork for developing new therapies. Research should still be encouraged to fill the gap between pathologies, clinical applications and what regenerative medicine can attain with current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Adamo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Galaverni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eustachio Attico
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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20
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Chapman JR, Liu A, Yi SS, Hernandez E, Ritorto MS, Jungbluth AA, Pulitzer M, Dogan A. Proteomic analysis shows that the main constituent of subepidermal localised cutaneous amyloidosis is not galectin-7. Amyloid 2021; 28:35-41. [PMID: 32867548 PMCID: PMC7962860 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2020.1811962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lichen or macular localised cutaneous amyloidoses have long been described as keratinic amyloidoses and believed to be due to the deposition of cytokeratin peptides originating from epidermis in the dermal papillae. However, recently it was suggested that galectin-7 is the causative protein for this type of amyloidosis. This was based on the detection of galectin-7 in a biopsy from a patient diagnosed with Bowen's disease and localised cutaneous amyloidosis. In this study we report mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of the protein composition of localised cutaneous amyloid deposits from seven patients using laser microdissection and show that basal keratins are the main constituents of the amyloid deposits. Galectin-7 was not present in the dermal amyloid deposits and was only present in the overlying Congo red negative epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Chapman
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Liu
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - San S Yi
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enmily Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Stella Ritorto
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Kocher T, Koller U. Advances in gene editing strategies for epidermolysis bullosa. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:81-109. [PMID: 34175052 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa represents a monogenetic disease comprising a variety of heterogeneous mutations in at least 16 genes encoding structural proteins crucial for skin integrity. Due to well-defined mutations but still lacking causal treatment options for the disease, epidermolysis bullosa represents an ideal candidate for gene therapeutic interventions. Recent developments and improvements in the genome editing field have paved the way for the translation of various gene repair strategies into the clinic. With the ability to accurately predict and monitor targeting events within the human genome, the translation might soon be possible. Here, we describe current advancements in the genome editing field for epidermolysis bullosa, along with a discussion of aspects and strategies for precise and personalized gene editing-based medicine, in order to develop efficient and safe ex vivo as well as in vivo genome editing therapies for epidermolysis bullosa patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kocher
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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22
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Inami Y, Fukushima M, Murota H. Expression of histidine decarboxylase in melanocytes of the human skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 535:19-24. [PMID: 33340761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histamine-producing cells include storage-type cells (e.g., mast cells and basophils), which store histamine intracellularly, and inducible-type cells (e.g., keratinocytes and macrophages), which induce histidine decarboxylase (HDC, a key enzyme for histamine biosynthesis) activity but do not have a storage pool of histamine. Most of the studies focused on identifying HDC-expressing cells by using cultured cells, and few on investigating the localization of HDC by using skin tissues. Hence, this study conducted immunohistochemical studies using human healthy skin samples. HDC-positive and cytokeratin 14 (a marker of basal keratinocytes)-negative cells were present around the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells did not immunohistochemically react with mast cell tryptase but expressed tyrosinase (a key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF, a transcription factor controlling the expression of tyrosinase genes). Melanin granules were clearly observed around HDC-positive and MITF-positive cells. Moreover, HDC mRNA and protein were both detected in cultured normal human epidermal melanocytes. In conclusion, HDC-positive and cytokeratin 14-negative cells around the basal layer of the epidermis are melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miki Fukushima
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hoyu Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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23
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Redmond CJ, Coulombe PA. Intermediate filaments as effectors of differentiation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 68:155-162. [PMID: 33246268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After the initial discovery of intermediate filament (IF)-forming proteins in 1968, a decade would elapse before they were revealed to comprise a diverse group of proteins which undergo tissue-, developmental stage-, differentiation-, and context-dependent regulation. Our appreciation for just how large (n = 70), conserved, complex, and dynamic IF genes and proteins are became even sharper upon completion of the human genome project. While there has been extraordinary progress in understanding the multimodal roles of IFs in cells and tissues, even revealing them as direct causative agents in a broad array of human genetic disorders, the link between individual IFs and cell differentiation has remained elusive. Here, we review evidence that demonstrates a role for IFs in lineage determination, cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. A major theme in this review is the function of IFs as sensors and transducers of mechanical forces, intersecting microenvironmental cues and fundamental processes through cellular redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Redmond
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Dyring-Andersen B, Løvendorf MB, Coscia F, Santos A, Møller LBP, Colaço AR, Niu L, Bzorek M, Doll S, Andersen JL, Clark RA, Skov L, Teunissen MBM, Mann M. Spatially and cell-type resolved quantitative proteomic atlas of healthy human skin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5587. [PMID: 33154365 PMCID: PMC7645789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin provides both physical integrity and immunological protection from the external environment using functionally distinct layers, cell types and extracellular matrix. Despite its central role in human health and disease, the constituent proteins of skin have not been systematically characterized. Here, we combine advanced tissue dissection methods, flow cytometry and state-of-the-art proteomics to describe a spatially-resolved quantitative proteomic atlas of human skin. We quantify 10,701 proteins as a function of their spatial location and cellular origin. The resulting protein atlas and our initial data analyses demonstrate the value of proteomics for understanding cell-type diversity within the skin. We describe the quantitative distribution of structural proteins, known and previously undescribed proteins specific to cellular subsets and those with specialized immunological functions such as cytokines and chemokines. We anticipate that this proteomic atlas of human skin will become an essential community resource for basic and translational research ( https://skin.science/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dyring-Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Fabian Coscia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Bruun Pilgaard Møller
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana R Colaço
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lili Niu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jørgen Lock Andersen
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Marcel B M Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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25
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Gutierrez-Xicotencatl L, Pedroza-Saavedra A, Chihu-Amparan L, Salazar-Piña A, Maldonado-Gama M, Esquivel-Guadarrama F. Cellular Functions of HPV16 E5 Oncoprotein during Oncogenic Transformation. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:167-179. [PMID: 33106372 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the main etiologic agent associated with cervical cancer. HPVs are epitheliotropic, and the ones that infect the mucous membranes are classified into low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) types. LR-HPVs produce benign lesions, whereas HR-HPVs produce lesions that may progress to cancer. HR-HPV types 16 and 18 are the most frequently found in cervical cancer worldwide. E6 and E7 are the major HPV oncogenic proteins, and they have been profusely studied. Moreover, it has been shown that the HPV16 E5 (16E5) oncoprotein generates transformation, although the molecular mechanisms through which it carries out its activity have not been well defined. In contrast to E6 and E7, the E5 open reading frame is lost during the integration of the episomal HPV DNA into the cellular genome. This suggests that E5 acts at the early stages of the transformation process. In this review, we focused on the biochemical characteristics and functions of the HPV E5 oncoprotein, mainly on its association with growth factor receptors and other cellular proteins. Knowledge of the HPV E5 biology is important to understand the role of this oncoprotein in maintaining the viral cycle through the modulation of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as the alteration of other processes, such as survival, adhesion, migration, and invasion during early carcinogenesis. Finally, we summarized recent research that uses the E5 oncoprotein as a therapeutic target, promising a novel approach to the treatment of cervical cancer in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Gutierrez-Xicotencatl
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Adolfo Pedroza-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lilia Chihu-Amparan
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Azucena Salazar-Piña
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Minerva Maldonado-Gama
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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26
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Anturaniemi J, Zaldívar-López S, Savelkoul HFJ, Elo K, Hielm-Björkman A. The Effect of Atopic Dermatitis and Diet on the Skin Transcriptome in Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:552251. [PMID: 33178726 PMCID: PMC7596200 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.552251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has a hereditary basis that is modified by interactions with the environment, including diet. Differentially expressed genes in non-lesional skin, determined by RNA sequencing before and after a dietary intervention, were compared between dogs with naturally occurring CAD (n = 4) and healthy dogs (n = 4). The dogs were fed either a common commercial heat-processed high carbohydrate food (kibble diet) (n = 4), or a non-processed high fat food (raw meat-based diet) (n = 4). At the end of the diet intervention, 149 differentially expressed transcripts were found between the atopic and healthy dogs. The main canonical pathways altered by the dysregulation of these genes were angiopoietin signaling, epidermal growth factor signaling, activation of angiogenesis, and alterations in keratinocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism. On the other hand, 33 differently expressed transcripts were found between the two diet groups, of which 8 encode genes that are annotated in the current version of the dog genome: immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5 (IGLL5), B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain (CD79B), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), and mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (MRRF). All genes were upregulated in the raw diet group. In conclusion the findings of this study suggest alterations in lipid and keratinocyte metabolism as well as angiogenesis in the skin of atopic dogs. Additionally, a possible enhancement of innate immunity and decrease in oxidative stress was seen in raw food fed dogs, which could have an important role in preventing hypersensitivities and disturbed immunity at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Anturaniemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Genomics and Animal Breeding Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kari Elo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Pan L, Lemieux ME, Thomas T, Rogers JM, Lipper CH, Lee W, Johnson C, Sholl LM, South AP, Marto JA, Adelmant GO, Blacklow SC, Aster JC. IER5, a DNA damage response gene, is required for Notch-mediated induction of squamous cell differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:e58081. [PMID: 32936072 PMCID: PMC7529455 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates squamous cell proliferation and differentiation and is frequently disrupted in squamous cell carcinomas, in which Notch is tumor suppressive. Here, we show that conditional activation of Notch in squamous cells activates a context-specific gene expression program through lineage-specific regulatory elements. Among direct Notch target genes are multiple DNA damage response genes, including IER5, which we show is required for Notch-induced differentiation of squamous carcinoma cells and TERT-immortalized keratinocytes. IER5 is epistatic to PPP2R2A, a gene that encodes the PP2A B55α subunit, which we show interacts with IER5 in cells and in purified systems. Thus, Notch and DNA-damage response pathways converge in squamous cells on common genes that promote differentiation, which may serve to eliminate damaged cells from the proliferative pool. We further propose that crosstalk involving Notch and PP2A enables tuning and integration of Notch signaling with other pathways that regulate squamous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Tom Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Julia M Rogers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Colin H Lipper
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Carl Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Departmentof Oncologic Pathology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana FarberCancer Institute, HarvardMedical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Guillaume O Adelmant
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Departmentof Oncologic Pathology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana FarberCancer Institute, HarvardMedical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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28
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Vishlaghi N, Lisse TS. Dicer- and Bulge Stem Cell-Dependent MicroRNAs During Induced Anagen Hair Follicle Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:338. [PMID: 32478074 PMCID: PMC7240072 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major class of conserved non-coding RNAs that have a wide range of functions during development and disease. Biogenesis of canonical miRNAs depend on the cytoplasmic processing of pre-miRNAs to mature miRNAs by the Dicer endoribonuclease. Once mature miRNAs are generated, the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), or miRISC, incorporates one strand of miRNAs as a template for recognizing complementary target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to dictate post-transcriptional gene expression. Besides regulating miRNA biogenesis, Dicer is also part of miRISC to assist in activation of the complex. Dicer associates with other regulatory miRISC co-factors such as trans-activation responsive RNA-binding protein 2 (Tarbp2) to regulate miRNA-based RNA interference. Although the functional role of miRNAs within epidermal keratinocytes has been extensively studied within embryonic mouse skin, its contribution to the normal function of hair follicle bulge stem cells (BSCs) during post-natal hair follicle development is unclear. With this question in mind, we sought to ascertain whether Dicer-Tarpb2 plays a functional role within BSCs during induced anagen development by utilizing conditional knockout mouse models. Our findings suggest that Dicer, but not Tarbp2, functions within BSCs to regulate induced anagen (growth phase) development of post-natal hair follicles. These findings strengthen our understanding of miRNA-dependency within hair follicle cells during induced anagen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Vishlaghi
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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29
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Guo Y, Redmond CJ, Leacock KA, Brovkina MV, Ji S, Jaskula-Ranga V, Coulombe PA. Keratin 14-dependent disulfides regulate epidermal homeostasis and barrier function via 14-3-3σ and YAP1. eLife 2020; 9:53165. [PMID: 32369015 PMCID: PMC7250575 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein keratin 14 (K14) provides vital structural support in basal keratinocytes of epidermis. Recent studies evidenced a role for K14-dependent disulfide bonding in the organization and dynamics of keratin IFs in skin keratinocytes. Here we report that knock-in mice harboring a cysteine-to-alanine substitution at Krt14's codon 373 (C373A) exhibit alterations in disulfide-bonded K14 species and a barrier defect secondary to enhanced proliferation, faster transit time and altered differentiation in epidermis. A proteomics screen identified 14-3-3 as K14 interacting proteins. Follow-up studies showed that YAP1, a transcriptional effector of Hippo signaling regulated by 14-3-3sigma in skin keratinocytes, shows aberrant subcellular partitioning and function in differentiating Krt14 C373A keratinocytes. Residue C373 in K14, which is conserved in a subset of keratins, is revealed as a novel regulator of keratin organization and YAP function in early differentiating keratinocytes, with an impact on cell mechanics, homeostasis and barrier function in epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Catherine J Redmond
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Krystynne A Leacock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Margarita V Brovkina
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Suyun Ji
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Vinod Jaskula-Ranga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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30
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Synthetic Retinoid Seletinoid G Improves Skin Barrier Function through Wound Healing and Collagen Realignment in Human Skin Equivalents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093198. [PMID: 32366052 PMCID: PMC7247558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer epidermal skin is a primary barrier that protects the body from extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, chemicals and pollutants. The complete epithelialization of a wound by keratinocytes is essential for restoring the barrier function of the skin. However, age-related alterations predispose the elderly to impaired wound healing. Therefore, wound-healing efficacy could be also considered as a potent function of an anti-aging reagent. Here, we examine the epidermal wound-healing efficacy of the fourth-generation retinoid, seletinoid G, using HaCaT keratinocytes and skin tissues. We found that seletinoid G promoted the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in scratch assays and time-lapse imaging. It also increased the gene expression levels of several keratinocyte proliferation-regulating factors. In human skin equivalents, seletinoid G accelerated epidermal wound closure, as assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Moreover, second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging revealed that seletinoid G recovered the reduced dermal collagen deposition seen in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human skin equivalents. Taken together, these results indicate that seletinoid G protects the skin barrier by accelerating wound healing in the epidermis and by repairing collagen deficiency in the dermis. Thus, seletinoid G could be a potent anti-aging agent for protecting the skin barrier.
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31
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Steen K, Chen D, Wang F, Majumdar R, Chen S, Kumar S, Lombard DB, Weigert R, Zieman AG, Parent CA, Coulombe PA. A role for keratins in supporting mitochondrial organization and function in skin keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1103-1111. [PMID: 32213122 PMCID: PMC7353162 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill essential roles in ATP production, metabolic regulation, calcium signaling, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and additional determinants of cellular health. Recent studies have highlighted a role for mitochondria during cell differentiation, including in skin epidermis. The observation of oxidative stress in keratinocytes from Krt16 null mouse skin, a model for pachyonychia congenita (PC)–associated palmoplantar keratoderma, prompted us to examine the role of Keratin (K) 16 protein and its partner K6 in regulating the structure and function of mitochondria. Electron microscopy revealed major anomalies in mitochondrial ultrastructure in late stage, E18.5, Krt6a/Krt6b null embryonic mouse skin. Follow-up studies utilizing biochemical, metabolic, and live imaging readouts showed that, relative to controls, skin keratinocytes null for Krt6a/Krt6b or Krt16 exhibit elevated ROS, reduced mitochondrial respiration, intracellular distribution differences, and altered movement of mitochondria within the cell. These findings highlight a novel role for K6 and K16 in regulating mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, and function and shed new light on the causes of oxidative stress observed in PC and related keratin-based skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee Steen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Desu Chen
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Abigail G Zieman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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32
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Liu M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xin C, Ma J, Xu S, Wang X, Gao J, Zhang X, Yang S. Non‑invasive proteome‑wide quantification of skin barrier‑related proteins using label‑free LC‑MS/MS analysis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2227-2235. [PMID: 32186761 PMCID: PMC7115193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidermal proteins are closely related to skin barrier function, the abnormalities of which can lead to specific skin diseases. These proteins must be quantified to further investigate the changes in the skin barrier between healthy and disease states. However, the non-invasive and proteome-wide quantification of skin proteins without any labelling steps remains a challenge. In this study, 3M medical adhesive tapes were used to obtain skin samples from volunteers. Proteins were extracted from fresh skin samples and digested with trypsin. Each tryptic peptide was analysed in three replicates using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis and label-free quantification. The data were searched against the Human Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) to match with known proteins. Using this method, 1,157 skin proteins recorded in the UniProt were quantified. A total of 50 identical proteins were identified in the three replicate analyses of all samples with no significant differences in abundance. The results provided an objective metric for further study of skin ageing and various skin diseases. Specifically, the non-invasive proteome-wide method used in this study can be applied to future studies of skin diseases related to barrier destruction by monitoring the changes in the levels of epidermal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yaochi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Cong Xin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Lee CH, Kim MS, Li S, Leahy DJ, Coulombe PA. Structure-Function Analyses of a Keratin Heterotypic Complex Identify Specific Keratin Regions Involved in Intermediate Filament Assembly. Structure 2020; 28:355-362.e4. [PMID: 31995743 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) provide vital mechanical support in a broad array of cell types. Interference with this role causes cell fragility and accounts for a large number of human diseases. Gaining an understanding of the structure of IFs is paramount to understanding their function and designing therapeutic agents for relevant diseases. Here, we report the 2.6-Å resolution crystal structure of a complex of interacting 2B domains of keratin 5 (K5) and K14. K5 and K14 form a long-range, left-handed coiled coil, with participating α helices aligned in parallel and in register. Follow-up mutagenesis revealed that specific contacts between interacting 2B domains play a crucial role during 10-nm IF assembly, likely at the step of octamer-octamer association. The resulting structural model represents an atomic-resolution visualization of 2B-2B interactions important to filament assembly and provides insight into the defects introduced by mutations in IF genes associated with human skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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March OP, Kocher T, Koller U. Context-Dependent Strategies for Enhanced Genome Editing of Genodermatoses. Cells 2020; 9:E112. [PMID: 31906492 PMCID: PMC7016731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin provides direct protection to the human body from assault by the harsh external environment. The crucial function of this organ is significantly disrupted in genodermatoses patients. Genodermatoses comprise a heterogeneous group of largely monogenetic skin disorders, typically involving mutations in genes encoding structural proteins. Therapeutic options for this debilitating group of diseases, including epidermolysis bullosa, primarily consist of wound management. Genome editing approaches co-opt double-strand break repair pathways to introduce desired sequence alterations at specific loci. Rapid advances in genome editing technologies have the potential to propel novel genetic therapies into the clinic. However, the associated phenotypes of many mutations may be treated via several genome editing strategies. Therefore, for potential clinical applications, implementation of efficient approaches based upon mutation, gene and disease context is necessary. Here, we describe current genome editing approaches for the treatment of genodermatoses, along with a discussion of the optimal strategy for each genetic context, in order to achieve enhanced genome editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.P.M.); (T.K.)
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Dovedytis M, Liu ZJ, Bartlett S. Hyaluronic acid and its biomedical applications: A review. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Henriques-Antunes H, Cardoso RMS, Zonari A, Correia J, Leal EC, Jiménez-Balsa A, Lino MM, Barradas A, Kostic I, Gomes C, Karp JM, Carvalho E, Ferreira L. The Kinetics of Small Extracellular Vesicle Delivery Impacts Skin Tissue Regeneration. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8694-8707. [PMID: 31390518 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) offer a promising strategy for tissue regeneration, yet their short lifetime at the injured tissue limits their efficacy. Here, we show that kinetics of SEV delivery impacts tissue regeneration at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. We show that multiple carefully timed applications of SEVs had superior regeneration than a single dose of the same total concentration of SEVs. Importantly, diabetic and non-diabetic wounds treated with a single time point dose of an injectable light-triggerable hydrogel containing SEVs demonstrated a robust increase in closure kinetics relative to wounds treated with a single or multiple doses of SEVs or platelet-derived growth factor BB, an FDA-approved wound regenerative therapy. The pro-healing activity of released SEVs was mediated at the tissue/cell level by an increase in skin neovascularization and re-epithelization and at the molecular level by an alteration in the expression of 7 miRNAs at different times during wound healing. This includes an alteration of has-miR-150-5p, identified here to be important for skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henriques-Antunes
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Crioestaminal - Stemlab , S.A. Biocant Park, Núcleo 04, Lt.2 , 3060-197 Cantanhede , Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina , University of Coimbra , R. Larga , 3000-354 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Renato M S Cardoso
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Alessandra Zonari
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Joana Correia
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ermelindo C Leal
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Adrián Jiménez-Balsa
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Miguel M Lino
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Barradas
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ivana Kostic
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina , University of Coimbra , R. Larga , 3000-354 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar , University of Coimbra , Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos , 3030-789 Coimbra , Portugal
- Department of Geriatrics , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas 72205 , United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute , Little Rock , Arkansas 72202 , United States
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra , Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina , University of Coimbra , R. Larga , 3000-354 Coimbra , Portugal
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Moehring F, Halder P, Seal RP, Stucky CL. Uncovering the Cells and Circuits of Touch in Normal and Pathological Settings. Neuron 2019; 100:349-360. [PMID: 30359601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The sense of touch is fundamental as it provides vital, moment-to-moment information about the nature of our physical environment. Primary sensory neurons provide the basis for this sensation in the periphery; however, recent work demonstrates that touch transduction mechanisms also occur upstream of the sensory neurons via non-neuronal cells such as Merkel cells and keratinocytes. Within the spinal cord, deep dorsal horn circuits transmit innocuous touch centrally and also transform touch into pain in the setting of injury. Here non-neuronal cells play a key role in the induction and maintenance of persistent mechanical pain. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of mechanosensation, including a growing appreciation for the role of non-neuronal cells in both touch and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Priyabrata Halder
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rebecca P Seal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Khan LA, Jafari G, Zhang N, Membreno E, Yan S, Zhang H, Gobel V. A tensile trilayered cytoskeletal endotube drives capillary-like lumenogenesis. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2403-2424. [PMID: 31239283 PMCID: PMC6605810 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unicellular tubes are components of internal organs and capillaries. It is unclear how they meet the architectural challenge to extend a centered intracellular lumen of uniform diameter. In an RNAi-based Caenorhabditis elegans screen, we identified three intermediate filaments (IFs)-IFA-4, IFB-1, and IFC-2-as interactors of the lumenal membrane-actin linker ERM-1 in excretory-canal tubulogenesis. We find that IFs, generally thought to affect morphogenesis indirectly by maintaining tissue integrity, directly promote lumenogenesis in this capillary-like single-cell tube. We show that ERM-1, ACT-5/actin, and TBB-2/tubulin recruit membrane-forming endosomal and flux-promoting canalicular vesicles to the lumen, whereas IFs, themselves recruited to the lumen by ERM-1 and TBB-2, restrain lateral vesicle access. IFs thereby prevent cystogenesis, equilibrate the lumen diameter, and promote lumen forward extension. Genetic and imaging analyses suggest that IFB-1/IFA-4 and IFB-1/IFC-2 polymers form a perilumenal triple IF lattice, sandwiched between actin and helical tubulin. Our findings characterize a novel mechanism of capillary-like lumenogenesis, where a tensile trilayered cytoskeletal endotube transforms concentric into directional growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liakot A Khan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gholamali Jafari
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Edward Membreno
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Siyang Yan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Verena Gobel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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The maintenance of an oral epithelial barrier. Life Sci 2019; 227:129-136. [PMID: 31002922 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral epithelial barrier consists of closely controlled structure of the stratified squamous epithelium, which is the gateway to human bodies and encounters a huge burden of microbial, airborne and dietary antigens, as well as masticatory damage. Once this barrier is destroyed, it will trigger bone loss, tissue damage and microbial dysbiosis and lead to diseases, such as periodontitis, oral mucosal diseases and oral cancer. Recently, increasing evidences showed that different factors including microorganism, saliva, proteins and immune components have been considered to play a critical role in the disruption of oral epithelial barrier. Herein, we discussed mechanisms governing the maintenance of oral epithelial barrier. Besides, the role of oral epithelial barrier failure in oral carcinogenesis will also be talked about.
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Muhsen M, Protschka M, Schneider LE, Müller U, Köhler G, Magin TM, Büttner M, Alber G, Siegemund S. Orf virus (ORFV) infection in a three-dimensional human skin model: Characteristic cellular alterations and interference with keratinocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210504. [PMID: 30699132 PMCID: PMC6353139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ORF virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, a pustular dermatitis of small ruminants and humans. Even though the development of lesions caused by ORFV was extensively studied in animals, only limited knowledge exists about the lesion development in human skin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a three-dimensional (3D) organotypic culture (OTC) as a human skin model for ORFV infection considering lesion development, replication of the virus, viral gene transcription and modulation of differentiation of human keratinocytes by ORFV. ORFV infection of OTC was performed using the ORFV isolate B029 derived from a human patient. The OTC sections showed a similar structure of stratified epidermal keratinocytes as human foreskin and a similar expression profile of the differentiation markers keratin 1 (K1), K10, and loricrin. Upon ORFV infection, OTCs exhibited histological cytopathic changes including hyperkeratosis and ballooning degeneration of the keratinocytes. ORFV persisted for 10 days and was located in keratinocytes of the outer epidermal layers. ORFV-specific early, intermediate and late genes were transcribed, but limited viral spread and restricted cell infection were noticed. ORFV infection resulted in downregulation of K1, K10, and loricrin at the transcriptional level without affecting proliferation as shown by PCNA or Ki-67 expression. In conclusion, OTC provides a suitable model to study the interaction of virus with human keratinocytes in a similar structural setting as human skin and reveals that ORFV infection downregulates several differentiation markers in the epidermis of the human skin, a hitherto unknown feature of dermal ORFV infection in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmod Muhsen
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura E. Schneider
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Thomas M. Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Siegemund
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Chuncharunee A, Waikakul S, Wongkajornsilp A, Chongkolwatana V, Chuncharunee L, Sirimontaporn A, Rungruang T, Sreekanth GP. Invalid freeze-dried platelet gel promotes wound healing. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:33-40. [PMID: 30627050 PMCID: PMC6323128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is the curative process of tissue injury, composed of three phases: the inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, followed by the maturation cum remodeling phase. Various treatment options were previously depicted for wound healing, however a treatment that accelerates these phases would be highly valuable. Platelet aggregation at the bleeding vessels and release of various growth factors are the most promising factors that stimulates the wound healing progress. In the present study, we hypothesized that the freeze-dried platelet which were normally discarded from the blood banks due to invalidity, might be promising to accelerate the phases of wound healing. The invalid freeze-dried platelets were prepared to a gel form called invalid freeze-dried platelet gel (IF-PG), which was tested for its efficacy in a cutaneous punch wound model in rats. Mupirocin antibiotic gel was used as a bio-equivalent formulation. The wound healing phases and changes in the wound sites were determined by assessing the wound sizes, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining. The re-epithelialization at the wound sites at different time intervals till the wound closure was also determined. Our results suggest the beneficial effects of IF-PG; in reducing the wound area and accelerating wound closure in the cutaneous punch wound in rats. Histopathology and immunostaining results support the improvements in the wound when treated with IF-PG, which were similar to that of mupirocin antibiotic gel. Our preliminary findings also warrant the competency of IF-PG in modulating the different phases of wound healing process. In conclusion, IF-PG might be a resourceful alternative for the wound care management, however further studies are required to validate its impact on various growth factors before proceeding to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aporn Chuncharunee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saranatra Waikakul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adisak Wongkajornsilp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroje Chongkolwatana
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lancharat Chuncharunee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aunchalee Sirimontaporn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Rungruang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Askew SW, Baranoski GVG. On the dysfunctional hemoglobins and cyanosis connection: practical implications for the clinical detection and differentiation of methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3284-3305. [PMID: 29984098 PMCID: PMC6033548 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia are potentially life-threatening blood-related disorders characterized by similar symptoms and markedly distinct treatment procedures. In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between these conditions and the onset of cyanosis, which is typically associated with a purple or bluish skin coloration. More specifically, we perform controlled experiments to elicit cyanotic appearances resulting from different severity levels of these disorders and varying physiological conditions. We note that such experiments cannot be induced in living subjects without posing risks to their health. Accordingly, we have resorted to an in silico experimental approach supported by biophysical data reported in the literature. Besides bringing new insights about cyanotic chromatic variations elicited by methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia, our investigation provides the basis for the proposition of a cost-effective protocol for the noninvasive detection and differentiation of these disorders. Our experimental results indicate that its sensitivity range is wider than what is provided by similar protocols employed in these tasks. Moreover, it has lower operational requirements than laboratory tests ordered to enable the diagnosis of these conditions. We believe that these aspects make the proposed protocol particularly suitable for deployment at the point of care of medical settings with limited access to laboratory resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Askew
- Natural Phenomena Simulation Group, D. R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Gladimir V. G. Baranoski
- Natural Phenomena Simulation Group, D. R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada
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Baranoski GVG, Van Leeuwen SR, Chen TF. On the detection of peripheral cyanosis in individuals with distinct levels of cutaneous pigmentation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:4260-4264. [PMID: 29060838 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral cyanosis, the purple or blue coloration of hands and feet, can represent the initial signs of life-threatening medical conditions such as heart failure due to coronary occlusion. This makes its effective detection relevant for the timely screening of such conditions. In order to reduce the probability of false negatives during the assessment of peripheral cyanosis, one needs to consider that the manifestation of its characteristic chromatic attributes can be affected by a number of physiological factors, notably cutaneous pigmentation. The extent to which cutaneous pigmentation can impair this assessment has not been experimentally investigated to date, however. Although the detection of peripheral cyanosis in darkly-pigmented individuals has been deemed to be impractical, data to support or refute this assertion are lacking in the literature. In this paper, we address these issues through controlled in silico experiments that allow us to predictively reproduce appearance changes triggered by peripheral cyanosis (at different severity stages) on individuals with distinct levels of cutaneous pigmentation. Our findings indicate that the degree of detection difficulty posed by cutaneous pigmentation can be considerably mitigated by selecting the appropriate skin site to perform the observations.
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Jørgensen E, Lazzarini G, Pirone A, Jacobsen S, Miragliotta V. Normal microscopic anatomy of equine body and limb skin: A morphological and immunohistochemical study. Ann Anat 2018; 218:205-212. [PMID: 29730469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information on microscopic anatomy of equine skin is sparse. In horses, limb wounds often become chronic and/or non-healing whereas body wounds heal normally. These dissimilarities in healing patterns might be a product of different phenotypic characteristics of body and limb skin. The objective of this study was to investigate microscopic anatomy, epidermal thickness, keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation as well as the presence of mast cells in normal equine skin of body and limb. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved body and limb skin biopsies from six horses. Histological characteristics of the epidermis were assessed and epithelial thickness measured. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate epidermal differentiation patterns of cytokeratin (CK) 10, CK14, CK16, loricrin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), epidermal proliferation (Ki-67 immunostaining), and mast cells distribution in the skin. RESULTS The epidermis was significantly thicker in the limb skin compared to body skin (p<0.01). Epidermal proliferation and CK distribution did not show differences in the two anatomical areas. Loricrin presence was focally found in the spinous layer in four out of six limb skin samples but not in body skin samples. Tryptase positive mast cells were detected in the dermis and their density (cell/mm2) was not different between body and limb. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Here we report for the first time about the normal distribution of CK10, CK14, CK16, PPAR-α, and loricrin in equine limb and body skin as well as about epidermal proliferation rate and mast cell count. It will be relevant to investigate the distribution of the investigated epithelial differentiation markers and the role of mast cells during equine wound healing and/or other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Miragliotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Jacob JT, Coulombe PA, Kwan R, Omary MB. Types I and II Keratin Intermediate Filaments. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:10/4/a018275. [PMID: 29610398 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Keratins-types I and II-are the intermediate-filament-forming proteins expressed in epithelial cells. They are encoded by 54 evolutionarily conserved genes (28 type I, 26 type II) and regulated in a pairwise and tissue type-, differentiation-, and context-dependent manner. Here, we review how keratins serve multiple homeostatic and stress-triggered mechanical and nonmechanical functions, including maintenance of cellular integrity, regulation of cell growth and migration, and protection from apoptosis. These functions are tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications and keratin-associated proteins. Genetically determined alterations in keratin-coding sequences underlie highly penetrant and rare disorders whose pathophysiology reflects cell fragility or altered tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, keratin mutation or misregulation represents risk factors or genetic modifiers for several additional acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Jacob
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Departments of Biological Chemistry, Dermatology, and Oncology, School of Medicine, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.,VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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46
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He N, Dong Z, Tai D, Liang H, Guo X, Cang M, Liu D. The role of Sox9 in maintaining the characteristics and pluripotency of Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells. Cytotechnology 2018. [PMID: 29541960 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, we isolated Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells (gHFSCs) and explored the pluripotency. In this study, we investigated the expression and putative role of Sox9 in the gHFSCs. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Sox9 is predominantly expressed in the bulge region of the Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle, and also positively expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of the gHFSCs. When the cells were transfected using Sox9-shRNA, cell growth slowed down and the expression of related genes decreased significantly, cell cycle was abnormal, while the expression of terminal differentiation marker loricrin was markedly increased; cells lost the typical morphology of HFSCs; the mRNA and protein expression of gHFSCs markers and stem cell pluripotency associated factors were all significantly decreased; the expression of Wnt signaling pathway genes LEF1, TCF1,c-Myc were significantly changed. These results suggested that Sox9 plays important role in gHFSCs characteristics and pluripotency maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimantana He
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhenguo Dong
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dapeng Tai
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Cang
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China.
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47
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Van Leeuwen SR, Baranoski GVG. Elucidating the contribution of Rayleigh scattering to the bluish appearance of veins. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-17. [PMID: 29405048 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The bluish appearance of veins located immediately beneath the skin has long been a topic of interest for biomedical optics researchers. Despite this interest, a thorough identification of the specific optical processes responsible for this phenomenon remains to be achieved. We employ controlled in silico experiments to address this enduring open problem. Our experiments, which are supported by measured data available in the scientific literature, are performed using first-principles models of light interaction with human skin and blood. Using this investigation approach, we quantitatively demonstrate that Rayleigh scattering caused by collagen fibrils present in the papillary dermis, a sublayer of the skin, can play a pivotal role in the bluish appearance of veins as suggested by previous works in this area. Moreover, also taking color perception aspects into account, we systematically assess the effects of variations in fibril radius and papillary dermis thickness on the coloration of veins under different illuminants. Notably, this assessment indicates that Rayleigh scattering elicited by reticulin fibrils, another type of fibril found in the papillary dermis, is unlikely to significantly contribute to the bluish appearance of veins. By strengthening the current understanding of light attenuation mechanisms affecting the appearance of skin and blood, our investigation contributes to the development of more effective technologies aimed at the noninvasive measurement of the physiological properties of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Van Leeuwen
- University of Waterloo, Natural Phenomena Simulation Group, School of Computer Science, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Gladimir V G Baranoski
- University of Waterloo, Natural Phenomena Simulation Group, School of Computer Science, Waterloo, Canada
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48
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Okasaka M, Kubota K, Yamasaki E, Yang J, Takata S. Evaluation of anionic surfactants effects on the skin barrier function based on skin permeability. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:99-104. [PMID: 29323614 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1425885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anionic surfactants are often used for cleaning and pharmaceutical purposes because of their strong surfactancy and foaming property. However, they are rarely ingested orally, the skin is a part of the human body most affected by surfactants. Barrier function of the skin is very strong, but the anionic surfactants can cause serious damages to it. Recently, amino acid-based surfactants have attracted attention as a safer option owing to their biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity examinations revealed that the amino acid-based surfactants are superior to sulfate-based surfactants. However, a systematical and comprehensive study related to the effect of these surfactants on skin barrier function has not yet been reported. In this work, skin permeation test using the skin of hairless mice and HPLC method is carried out. The material transmission speed through skin in a steady state was different between each surfactant treatment. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the effect of surfactants on skin barrier function and defined Transmission Index as an index for the degree of effect of surfactants. Glutamate series amino acid-based surfactant were effective to Transmission Index and we guessed the cause was due to adsorption. Based on the finding this study, we suggest using adsorptive property as a measure to the effect on the skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Okasaka
- a Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan.,b Division in Beauty and Fashion Studies, Graduate School of Human Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- c Department of Pharmacy , Iwaki Meisei University , Iwaki-shi , Fukushima , Japan.,d Department of Pharmacy , Yasuda Women's University , Hiroshima-shi , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Emi Yamasaki
- e Beauty Hi-tech Innovation Co., Ltd , Kobe-shi , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- e Beauty Hi-tech Innovation Co., Ltd , Kobe-shi , Hyogo , Japan.,f Asian Scalp Health Research Center , Kobe-shi , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Sadaki Takata
- a Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan.,b Division in Beauty and Fashion Studies, Graduate School of Human Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan
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49
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Moehring F, Cowie AM, Menzel AD, Weyer AD, Grzybowski M, Arzua T, Geurts AM, Palygin O, Stucky CL. Keratinocytes mediate innocuous and noxious touch via ATP-P2X4 signaling. eLife 2018; 7:31684. [PMID: 29336303 PMCID: PMC5777822 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first point of our body’s contact with tactile stimuli (innocuous and noxious) is the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin that is largely composed of keratinocytes. Here, we sought to define the role that keratinocytes play in touch sensation in vivo and ex vivo. We show that optogenetic inhibition of keratinocytes decreases behavioral and cellular mechanosensitivity. These processes are inherently mediated by ATP signaling, as demonstrated by complementary cutaneous ATP release and degradation experiments. Specific deletion of P2X4 receptors in sensory neurons markedly decreases behavioral and primary afferent mechanical sensitivity, thus positioning keratinocyte-released ATP to sensory neuron P2X4 signaling as a critical component of baseline mammalian tactile sensation. These experiments lay a vital foundation for subsequent studies into the dysfunctional signaling that occurs in cutaneous pain and itch disorders, and ultimately, the development of novel topical therapeutics for these conditions. The skin is the largest sensory organ of the body, and the first point of contact with the outside world. Whether it is being pinched or caressed, the skin’s sense of touch informs organisms about their surroundings and allows them to react appropriately. Nerve cells present in the skin capture information about touch and transmit it to the brain where it is decoded. However, there are many other types of cells in the skin besides nerve cells. The role that these other skin cells play in perceiving non-painful and painful touch is still unclear. Moehring et al. now report how the skin cells that form 95% of the most outer layer of the skin are involved in detecting touch. In mutant mice whose cells can be ‘switched off’ by a certain light, artificially deactivating these cells makes the animals less able to respond to tactile stimuli. Further experiments show that when pressure is applied onto the skin, the surface skin cells release a chemical messenger, which then binds specifically to the nerve cells. When the messaging molecule is experimentally destroyed or prevented from attaching to the nerve cell, the mice react less to non-painful and painful touch. This means the cells at the surface of the skin detect tactile signals from the environment and then communicate this information to the nerve cells, where it is taken to the brain. Disrupted communication between the cells in the outer layer of the skin and the nerve cells is found in painful and itchy skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Knowing how these two types of cells normally work together may help with finding new pain and itch treatments for these skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Ashley M Cowie
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Anthony D Menzel
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Andy D Weyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Thiago Arzua
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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50
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Moyer AE, Zheng W, Schweitzer MH. Microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses of the claw of the nesting dinosaur, Citipati osmolskae. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1997. [PMID: 28120795 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most well-recognized Cretaceous fossils is Citipati osmolskae (MPC-D 100/979), an oviraptorid dinosaur discovered in brooding position on a nest of unhatched eggs. The original description refers to a thin lens of white material extending from a manus ungual, which was proposed to represent original keratinous claw sheath that, in life, would have covered it. Here, we test the hypothesis that this exceptional morphological preservation extends to the molecular level. The fossil sheath was compared with that of extant birds, revealing similar morphology and microstructural organization. In living birds, the claw sheath consists primarily of two structural proteins; alpha-keratin, expressed in all vertebrates, and beta-keratin, found only in reptiles and birds (sauropsids). We employed antibodies raised against avian feathers, which comprise almost entirely of beta-keratin, to demonstrate that fossil tissues respond with the same specificity, though less intensity, as those from living birds. Furthermore, we show that calcium chelation greatly increased antibody reactivity, suggesting a role for calcium in the preservation of this fossil material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Moyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA .,Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenxia Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mary H Schweitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
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