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Zandigohar M, Pang J, Rodrigues A, Roberts RE, Dai Y, Koh TJ. Transcription Factor Activity Regulating Macrophage Heterogeneity during Skin Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:506-518. [PMID: 38940624 PMCID: PMC11300156 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages (Mos/Mϕs) play diverse roles in wound healing by adopting a spectrum of functional phenotypes; however, the regulation of such heterogeneity remains poorly defined. We enhanced our previously published Bayesian inference TF activity model, incorporating both single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell ATAC sequencing data to infer transcription factor (TF) activity in Mos/Mϕs during skin wound healing. We found that wound Mos/Mϕs clustered into early-stage Mos/Mϕs, late-stage Mϕs, and APCs, and that each cluster showed differential chromatin accessibility and differential predicted TF activity that did not always correlate with mRNA or protein expression. Network analysis revealed two highly connected large communities involving a total of 19 TFs, highlighting TF cooperation in regulating wound Mos/Mϕs. This analysis also revealed a small community populated by NR4A1 and NFKB1, supporting a proinflammatory link between these TFs. Importantly, we validated a proinflammatory role for NR4A1 activity during wound healing, showing that Nr4a1 knockout mice exhibit decreased inflammatory gene expression in early-stage wound Mos/Mϕs, along with delayed wound re-epithelialization and impaired granulation tissue formation. In summary, our study provides insight into TF activity that regulates Mo/Mϕ heterogeneity during wound healing and provides a rational basis for targeting Mo/Mϕ TF networks to alter phenotypes and improve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Zandigohar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jingbo Pang
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition
| | - Alannah Rodrigues
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Rita E. Roberts
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Timothy J. Koh
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition
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2
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lin Y, Cao X, Han X, Li G, Hou A, Han S. CCL2 mediated IKZF1 expression promotes M2 polarization of glioma-associated macrophages through CD84-SHP2 pathway. Oncogene 2024; 43:2737-2749. [PMID: 39112517 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The proneural-mesenchymal (PN-MES) transformation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) can significantly increase proliferation, invasion, chemotherapy tolerance, and recurrence. M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has a strong immunosuppressive effect, promoting tumor malignancy and angiogenesis. There is limited understanding on the interactions between GSCs and TAMs as well as their associated molecular mechanisms. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis, GSC and TAM co-culture, determination of TAM polarization phenotypes, and other in vitro experiments confirmed that CCL2 secreted by MES-GSCs promotes TAM-M2 polarization via the IKZF1-CD84-SHP2 pathway and PN-MES transformation of GSCs via the IKZF1-LRG1 pathway in TAMs. IKZF1 inhibitors could significantly reduce tumor volumes in animal glioma models and improve survival, as well as suppress TAM-M2 polarization and the GSC malignant phenotype. The results of this study indicate the important interaction between TAMs and GSCs in the glioma microenvironment as well as its role in tumor progression. The findings also suggest a novel target for follow-up clinical transformation research on the regulation of TAM function and GSCs malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yaochuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zixun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yibin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Amatangelo M, Flynt E, Stong N, Ray P, Van Oekelen O, Wang M, Ortiz M, Maciag P, Peluso T, Parekh S, van de Donk NWCJ, Lonial S, Thakurta A. Pharmacodynamic changes in tumor and immune cells drive iberdomide's clinical mechanisms of activity in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101571. [PMID: 38776914 PMCID: PMC11228401 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Iberdomide is a next-generation cereblon (CRBN)-modulating agent in the clinical development in multiple myeloma (MM). The analysis of biomarker samples from relapsed/refractory patients enrolled in CC-220-MM-001 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02773030), a phase 1/2 study, shows that iberdomide treatment induces significant target substrate degradation in tumors, including in immunomodulatory agent (IMiD)-refractory patients or those with low CRBN levels. Additionally, some patients with CRBN genetic dysregulation who responded to iberdomide have a similar median progression-free survival (PFS) (10.9 months) and duration of response (DOR) (9.5 months) to those without CRBN dysregulation (11.2 month PFS, 9.4 month DOR). Iberdomide treatment promotes a cyclical pattern of immune stimulation without causing exhaustion, inducing a functional shift in T cells toward an activated/effector memory phenotype, including in triple-class refractory patients and those receiving IMiDs as a last line of therapy. This analysis demonstrates that iberdomide's clinical mechanisms of action are driven by both its cell-autonomous effects overcoming CRBN dysregulation in MM cells, and potent immune stimulation that augments anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Flynt
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Stong
- Predictive Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Pradipta Ray
- Data Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Oliver Van Oekelen
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Wang
- Translational Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria Ortiz
- Predictive Sciences, BMS Center for Innovation and Translational Research Europe (CITRE), A Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paulo Maciag
- Clinical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Teresa Peluso
- Clinical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anjan Thakurta
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA; Oxford Translational Myeloma Centre (OTMC), Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Ma L, Yin C, Zhang Y, Li J, Shi L, Zhou T, Huang X, Liu Y, Cao J, Wu G, Gu H, He L. KCTD5 regulates Ikaros degradation induced by chemotherapeutic drug etoposide in hematological cells. Biol Chem 2024; 405:341-349. [PMID: 38424700 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Therapy-related leukemia carries a poor prognosis, and leukemia after chemotherapy is a growing risk in clinic, whose mechanism is still not well understood. Ikaros transcription factor is an important regulator in hematopoietic cells development and differentiation. In the absence of Ikaros, lymphoid cell differentiation is blocked at an extremely early stage, and myeloid cell differentiation is also significantly affected. In this work, we showed that chemotherapeutic drug etoposide reduced the protein levels of several isoforms of Ikaros including IK1, IK2 and IK4, but not IK6 or IK7, by accelerating protein degradation, in leukemic cells. To investigate the molecular mechanism of Ikaros degradation induced by etoposide, immunoprecipitation coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted to identify changes in protein interaction with Ikaros before and after etoposide treatment, which uncovered KCTD5 protein. Our further study demonstrates that KCTD5 is the key stabilizing factor of Ikaros and chemotherapeutic drug etoposide induces Ikaros protein degradation through decreasing the interaction of Ikaros with KCTD5. These results suggest that etoposide may induce leukemic transformation by downregulating Ikaros via KCTD5, and our work may provide insights to attenuate the negative impact of chemotherapy on hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Nephropathy, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Changqing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liuzhi Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xixi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiawei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Licai He
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Goh W, Sudholz H, Foroutan M, Scheer S, Pfefferle A, Delconte RB, Meng X, Shen Z, Hennessey R, Kong IY, Schuster IS, Andoniou CE, Davis MJ, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Parish IA, Beavis P, Thiele D, Chopin M, Degli-Esposti MA, Cursons J, Kallies A, Rautela J, Nutt SL, Huntington ND. IKAROS and AIOLOS directly regulate AP-1 transcriptional complexes and are essential for NK cell development. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:240-255. [PMID: 38182668 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Ikaros transcription factors are essential for adaptive lymphocyte function, yet their role in innate lymphopoiesis is unknown. Using conditional genetic inactivation, we show that Ikzf1/Ikaros is essential for normal natural killer (NK) cell lymphopoiesis and IKZF1 directly represses Cish, a negative regulator of interleukin-15 receptor resulting in impaired interleukin-15 receptor signaling. Both Bcl2l11 and BIM levels, and intrinsic apoptosis were increased in Ikzf1-null NK cells, which in part accounts for NK lymphopenia as both were restored to normal levels when Ikzf1 and Bcl2l11 were co-deleted. Ikzf1-null NK cells presented extensive transcriptional alterations with reduced AP-1 transcriptional complex expression and increased expression of Ikzf2/Helios and Ikzf3/Aiolos. IKZF1 and IKZF3 directly bound AP-1 family members and deletion of both Ikzf1 and Ikzf3 in NK cells resulted in further reductions in Jun/Fos expression and complete loss of peripheral NK cells. Collectively, we show that Ikaros family members are important regulators of apoptosis, cytokine responsiveness and AP-1 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilford Goh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harrison Sudholz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Momeneh Foroutan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aline Pfefferle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zihan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Hennessey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabella Y Kong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- The South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ian A Parish
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Thiele
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joe Cursons
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences & Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wu D, Bi X, Chow KHM. Identification of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic) contributes to sexual dimorphism in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38178204 PMCID: PMC10765928 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia; it disproportionally affects women in terms of both incidence rates and severity of progression. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical phenomenon remain elusive and ill-defined. METHODS In-depth analyses were performed with multiple human LOAD single-nucleus transcriptome datasets to thoroughly characterize cell populations in the cerebral cortex. ROSMAP bulk human brain tissue transcriptome and DNA methylome datasets were also included for validation. Detailed assessments of microglial cell subpopulations and their relevance to sex-biased changes at the tissue level were performed. Clinical trait associations, cell evolutionary trajectories, and transcription regulon analyses were conducted. RESULTS The relative numbers of functionally defective microglia were aberrantly increased uniquely among affected females. Substratification of the microglia into different subtypes according to their transcriptomic signatures identified a group of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic), the numbers of which were positively associated with disease severity. Phenotypically, these cells exhibit transcriptomic signatures that support active proliferation, MHC class II autoantigen presentation and amyloid-β binding, but they are also likely defective in phagocytosis. FDAMic are likely evolved from female activated response microglia (ARMic) with an APOE4 background and compromised estrogen receptor (ER) signaling that is deemed to be active among most subtypes of microglia. CONCLUSION This study offered important insights at both the cellular and molecular levels into how ER signaling affects microglial heterogeneity and function. FDAMic are associated with more advanced pathologies and severe trends of cognitive decline. Their emergence could, at least in part, explain the phenomenon of greater penetrance of the APOE4 genotype found in females. The biases of FDAMic emergence toward female sex and APOE4 status may also explain why hormone replacement therapy is more effective in APOE4 carriers. The pathologic nature of FDAMic suggests that selective modulations of these cells may help to regain brain neuroimmune homeostasis, serving as a new target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoman Bi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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Ikzf1 as a novel regulator of microglial homeostasis in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:144-161. [PMID: 36702234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, microglia have emerged as key contributors to disease progression in many neurological disorders, not only by exerting their classical immunological functions but also as extremely dynamic cells with the ability to modulate synaptic and neural activity. This dynamic behavior, together with their heterogeneous roles and response to diverse perturbations in the brain parenchyma has raised the idea that microglia activation is more diverse than anticipated and that understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial states is essential to unravel their role in health and disease from development to aging. The Ikzf1 (a.k.a. Ikaros) gene plays crucial roles in modulating the function and maturation of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes, but whether it regulates microglial functions and states is unknown. Using genetic tools, here we describe that Ikzf1 is specifically expressed in the adult microglia in brain regions such as cortex and hippocampus. By characterizing the Ikzf1 deficient mice, we observed that these mice displayed spatial learning deficits, impaired hippocampal CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation, and decreased spine density in pyramidal neurons of the CA1, which correlates with an increased expression of synaptic markers within microglia. Additionally, these Ikzf1 deficient microglia exhibited a severe abnormal morphology in the hippocampus, which is accompanied by astrogliosis, an aberrant composition of the inflammasome, and an altered expression of disease-associated microglia molecules. Interestingly, the lack of Ikzf1 induced changes on histone 3 acetylation and methylation levels in the hippocampus. Since the lack of Ikzf1 in mice appears to induce the internalization of synaptic markers within microglia, and severe gliosis we then analyzed hippocampal Ikzf1 levels in several models of neurological disorders. Ikzf1 levels were increased in the hippocampus of these neurological models, as well as in postmortem hippocampal samples from Alzheimer's disease patients. Finally, over-expressing Ikzf1 in cultured microglia made these cells hyporeactive upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide, and less phagocytic compared to control microglia. Altogether, these results suggest that altered Ikzf1 levels in the adult hippocampus are sufficient to induce synaptic plasticity and memory deficits via altering microglial state and function.
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Conserva MR, Redavid I, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Tarantini F, Cumbo C, Tota G, Parciante E, Coccaro N, Minervini CF, Minervini A, Specchia G, Musto P, Albano F. IKAROS in Acute Leukemia: A Positive Influencer or a Mean Hater? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043282. [PMID: 36834692 PMCID: PMC9961161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One key process that controls leukemogenesis is the regulation of oncogenic gene expression by transcription factors acting as tumor suppressors. Understanding this intricate mechanism is crucial to elucidating leukemia pathophysiology and discovering new targeted treatments. In this review, we make a brief overview of the physiological role of IKAROS and the molecular pathway that contributes to acute leukemia pathogenesis through IKZF1 gene lesions. IKAROS is a zinc finger transcription factor of the Krüppel family that acts as the main character during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. It can activate or repress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, regulating the survival and proliferation of leukemic cells. More than 70% of Ph+ and Ph-like cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia exhibit IKZF1 gene variants, which are linked to worse treatment outcomes in both childhood and adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the last few years, much evidence supporting IKAROS involvement in myeloid differentiation has been reported, suggesting that loss of IKZF1 might also be a determinant of oncogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia. Considering the complicated "social" network that IKAROS manages in hematopoietic cells, we aim to focus on its involvement and the numerous alterations of molecular pathways it can support in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Conserva
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Redavid
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Cumbo
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tota
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Parciante
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Coccaro
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Crescenzio Francesco Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Shin B, Rothenberg EV. Multi-modular structure of the gene regulatory network for specification and commitment of murine T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108368. [PMID: 36817475 PMCID: PMC9928580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells develop from multipotent progenitors by a gradual process dependent on intrathymic Notch signaling and coupled with extensive proliferation. The stages leading them to T-cell lineage commitment are well characterized by single-cell and bulk RNA analyses of sorted populations and by direct measurements of precursor-product relationships. This process depends not only on Notch signaling but also on multiple transcription factors, some associated with stemness and multipotency, some with alternative lineages, and others associated with T-cell fate. These factors interact in opposing or semi-independent T cell gene regulatory network (GRN) subcircuits that are increasingly well defined. A newly comprehensive picture of this network has emerged. Importantly, because key factors in the GRN can bind to markedly different genomic sites at one stage than they do at other stages, the genes they significantly regulate are also stage-specific. Global transcriptome analyses of perturbations have revealed an underlying modular structure to the T-cell commitment GRN, separating decisions to lose "stem-ness" from decisions to block alternative fates. Finally, the updated network sheds light on the intimate relationship between the T-cell program, which depends on the thymus, and the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) program, which does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Shin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Ellen V. Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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10
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Zhang Q, Wu S. Tertiary lymphoid structures are critical for cancer prognosis and therapeutic response. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1063711. [PMID: 36713409 PMCID: PMC9875059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphocyte aggregates that form at sites of chronic inflammation, including cancers, in non-lymphoid tissues. Although the formation of TLSs is similar to that of secondary lymphoid organs, the pathogenic factors leading to TLS formation in cancerous tissues and the mechanisms underlying the role of these structures in the intra-tumoral adaptive antitumor immune response are not fully understood. The presence of TLSs may impact patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. This review examines the current understanding of TLSs in cancers, including their composition and formation as well as their potential to predict prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. We also summarize strategies to induce TLS formation for cancer treatment.
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11
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhang M, Liu F, Liu T. Identification of co-expressed central genes and transcription factors in atherosclerosis-related intracranial aneurysm. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1055456. [PMID: 36937519 PMCID: PMC10017537 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1055456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous clinical studies have shown that atherosclerosis is one of the risk factors for intracranial aneurysms. Calcifications in the intracranial aneurysm walls are frequently correlated with atherosclerosis. However, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis-related intracranial aneurysms remains unclear. This study aims to investigate this mechanism. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download the gene expression profiles for atherosclerosis (GSE100927) and intracranial aneurysms (GSE75436). Following the identification of the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of atherosclerosis and intracranial aneurysm, the network creation of protein interactions, functional annotation, the identification of hub genes, and co-expression analysis were conducted. Thereafter, we predicted the transcription factors (TF) of hub genes and verified their expressions. Results A total of 270 common (62 downregulated and 208 upregulated) DEGs were identified for subsequent analysis. Functional analyses highlighted the significant role of phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways in this disease progression. Eight hub genes were identified and verified, namely, CCR5, FCGR3A, IL10RA, ITGAX, LCP2, PTPRC, TLR2, and TYROBP. Two TFs were also predicted and verified, which were IKZF1 and SPI1. Conclusion Intracranial aneurysms are correlated with atherosclerosis. We identified several hub genes for atherosclerosis-related intracranial aneurysms and explored the underlying pathogenesis. These discoveries may provide new insights for future experiments and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hengfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Hengfang Liu
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Generation of CD34 +CD43 + Hematopoietic Progenitors to Induce Thymocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244046. [PMID: 36552810 PMCID: PMC9777438 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using primary T cells has revolutionized medical care in some pathologies in recent years, but limitations associated to challenging cell genome edition, insufficient cell number production, the use of only autologous cells, and the lack of product standardization have limited its clinical use. The alternative use of T cells generated in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers great advantages by providing a self-renewing source of T cells that can be readily genetically modified and facilitate the use of standardized universal off-the-shelf allogeneic cell products and rapid clinical access. However, despite their potential, a better understanding of the feasibility and functionality of T cells differentiated from hPSCs is necessary before moving into clinical settings. In this study, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells from T cells (T-iPSCs), allowing for the preservation of already recombined TCR, with the same properties as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Based on these cells, we differentiated, with high efficiency, hematopoietic progenitor stem cells (HPSCs) capable of self-renewal and differentiation into any cell blood type, in addition to DN3a thymic progenitors from several T-iPSC lines. In order to better comprehend the differentiation, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of the different cell types and demonstrated that HPSCs differentiated from hiPSCs had very similar profiles to cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Furthermore, differentiated T-cell progenitors had a similar profile to thymocytes at the DN3a stage of thymic lymphopoiesis. Therefore, utilizing this approach, we were able to regenerate precursors of therapeutic human T cells in order to potentially treat a wide range of diseases.
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13
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David K, Friedlander G, Pellegrino B, Radomir L, Lewinsky H, Leng L, Bucala R, Becker-Herman S, Shachar I. CD74 as a regulator of transcription in normal B cells. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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14
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Iberdomide plus dexamethasone in heavily pretreated late-line relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CC-220-MM-001): a multicentre, multicohort, open-label, phase 1/2 trial. THE LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2022; 9:e822-e832. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(22)00290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Fu Y, Wang L, Yu B, Xu D, Chu Y. Immunometabolism shapes B cell fate and functions. Immunology 2022; 166:444-457. [PMID: 35569110 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Baichao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Damo Xu
- School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Shenzhen China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center Fudan University Shanghai China
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16
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Sitapara R, Lam TT, Gandjeva A, Tuder RM, Zisman LS. Phosphoproteomic analysis of lung tissue from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211031109. [PMID: 34966541 PMCID: PMC8711668 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder associated with high
morbidity and mortality despite currently available treatments. We compared the
phosphoproteome of lung tissue from subjects with idiopathic PAH (iPAH) obtained
at the time of lung transplant with control lung tissue. The mass
spectrometry-based analysis found 60,428 phosphopeptide features from which 6622
proteins were identified. Within the subset of identified proteins there were
1234 phosphopeptides with q < 0.05, many of which are
involved in immune regulation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Most
notably there was a marked relative increase in phosphorylated (S378) IKZF3
(Aiolos), a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a key role in lymphocyte
regulation. In vitro phosphorylation assays indicated that GSK3 alpha and/or
GSK3 beta could phosphorylate IKZF3 at S378. Western blot analysis demonstrated
increased pIKZF3 in iPAH lungs compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry
demonstrated phosphorylated IKZF3 in lymphocytes surrounding severely
hypertrophied pulmonary arterioles. In situ hybrization showed gene expression
in lymphocyte aggregates in PAH samples. A BCL2 reporter assay showed that IKZF3
increased BCL2 promoter activity and demonstrated the potential role of
phosphorylation of IKZF3 in the regulation of BCL mediated transcription. Kinase
network analysis demonstrated potentially important regulatory roles of casein
kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), mitogen-associated protein kinases
(MAPKs), and protein kinases (PRKs) in iPAH. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated
enrichment of RhoGTPase signaling and the potential importance of cGMP-dependent
protein kinase 1 (PRKG). In conclusion, this unbiased phosphoproteomic analysis
demonstrated several novel targets regulated by kinase networks in iPAH, and
reinforced the potential role of immune regulation in the pathogenesis of iPAH.
The identified up- and down-regulated phosphoproteins have potential to serve as
biomarkers for PAH and to provide new insights for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,MS & Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lawrence S Zisman
- Rensselaer Center for Translational Research Inc., Troy, NY, USA.,Pulmokine Inc., Troy, NY, USA
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17
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Xia R, Cheng Y, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. Ikaros Proteins in Tumor: Current Perspectives and New Developments. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:788440. [PMID: 34950704 PMCID: PMC8689071 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.788440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a zinc finger transcription factor (TF) of the Krüppel family member, which significantly regulates normal lymphopoiesis and tumorigenesis. Ikaros can directly initiate or suppress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, consequently regulating the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Over recent decades, a series of studies have been devoted to exploring and clarifying the relationship between Ikaros and associated tumors. Therapeutic strategies targeting Ikaros have shown promising therapeutic effects in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Nevertheless, the increasingly prominent problem of drug resistance targeted to Ikaros and its analog is gradually appearing in our field of vision. This article reviews the role of Ikaros in tumorigenesis, the mechanism of drug resistance, the progress of targeting Ikaros in both pre-clinical and clinical trials, and the potential use of associated therapy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Staels F, Collignon T, Betrains A, Gerbaux M, Willemsen M, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A, Vanderschueren S, Schrijvers R. Monogenic Adult-Onset Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753978. [PMID: 34867986 PMCID: PMC8635491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogenous group of disorders driven by genetic defects that functionally impact the development and/or function of the innate and/or adaptive immune system. The majority of these disorders are thought to have polygenic background. However, the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with IEI has led to an increasing identification of monogenic causes, unravelling the exact pathophysiology of the disease and allowing the development of more targeted treatments. Monogenic IEI are not only seen in a pediatric population but also in adulthood, either due to the lack of awareness preventing childhood diagnosis or due to a delayed onset where (epi)genetic or environmental factors can play a role. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms accounting for adult-onset presentations and provide an overview of monogenic causes associated with adult-onset IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Staels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Albrecht Betrains
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaux Gerbaux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie - Katholieke Universiteit (VIB-KU) Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Willemsen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie - Katholieke Universiteit (VIB-KU) Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Vanderschueren
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Kuehn HS, Chang J, Yamashita M, Niemela JE, Zou C, Okuyama K, Harada J, Stoddard JL, Nunes-Santos CJ, Boast B, Baxter RM, Hsieh EW, Garofalo M, Fleisher TA, Morio T, Taniuchi I, Dutmer CM, Rosenzweig SD. T and B cell abnormalities, pneumocystis pneumonia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with an AIOLOS defect in patients. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20211118. [PMID: 34694366 PMCID: PMC8548914 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIOLOS/IKZF3 is a member of the IKAROS family of transcription factors. IKAROS/IKZF1 mutations have been previously associated with different forms of primary immunodeficiency. Here we describe a novel combined immunodeficiency due to an IKZF3 mutation in a family presenting with T and B cell involvement, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and/or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients carrying the AIOLOS p.N160S heterozygous variant displayed impaired humoral responses, abnormal B cell development (high percentage of CD21low B cells and negative CD23 expression), and abrogated CD40 responses. Naive T cells were increased, T cell differentiation was abnormal, and CD40L expression was dysregulated. In vitro studies demonstrated that the mutant protein failed DNA binding and pericentromeric targeting. The mutant was fully penetrant and had a dominant-negative effect over WT AIOLOS but not WT IKAROS. The human immunophenotype was recapitulated in a murine model carrying the corresponding human mutation. As demonstrated here, AIOLOS plays a key role in T and B cell development in humans, and the particular gene variant described is strongly associated with immunodeficiency and likely malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Child
- Female
- Humans
- Ikaros Transcription Factor/genetics
- Ikaros Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/blood
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Exome Sequencing
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jingjie Chang
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julie E. Niemela
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chengcheng Zou
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okuyama
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junji Harada
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jennifer L. Stoddard
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cristiane J. Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brigette Boast
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ryan M. Baxter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Elena W.Y. Hsieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Mary Garofalo
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas A. Fleisher
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Cullen M. Dutmer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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20
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Sun W, Song X, Dong M, Liu Z, Song Y, Wang L, Song L. DNA binding protein CgIkaros-like regulates the proliferation of agranulocytes and granulocytes in oyster (Crassostrea gigas). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104201. [PMID: 34252475 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA-binding protein Ikaros is a major determinant of haematopoietic lineage, especially in the development, differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes. In the present study, a Ikaros homologue (designed as CgIkaros-like) was identified and characterized as a vital determinant in the proliferation of haemocytes during haematopoiesis of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The complete coding sequence of CgIkaros-like was of 1329 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 442 amino acids with four ZnF regions, locating at the C-terminus and N-terminus respectively. The highest expression level of CgIkaros-like mRNA was found in gills, followed by haemocytes and gonad. The mRNA transcripts of CgIkaros-like could be detected in all the haemocytes with higher abundance in semi-granulocytes and agranulocytes. CgIkaros-like protein was localized in both of cytoplasm and nucleus with higher abundance in nucleus of oyster haemocytes. The mRNA and protein expression levels of agranulocyte marker CgCD9, granulocyte marker CgAATase, cell cycle related gene CgCDK2, Notch receptor CgNotch and Notch target gene CgHes1 all increased significantly (p < 0.05) after CgIkaros-like was interfered by siRNAs, which were about 27.33-, 2.63-, 24.34-, 4.45- and 6.08-fold of that in the siRNA-NC control group, respectively. While the transcripts of CgGATA3 and CgRunx did not change significantly after CgIkaros-like was interfered. These results demonstrated that CgIkaros-like functioned as a transcription factor combined with Notch pathway to mediate CgCDK2 and regulate the proliferation of oyster haemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wending Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miren Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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21
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22
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Noh JY. Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Biology: Roles of Transcription Factors and Emerging Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179615. [PMID: 34502524 PMCID: PMC8431765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombus formation. Platelets are small, anucleate, and short-lived blood cells that are produced by the large, polyploid, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived megakaryocytes in bone marrow. Approximately 3000 platelets are released from one megakaryocyte, and thus, it is important to understand the physiologically relevant mechanism of development of mature megakaryocytes. Many genes, including several key transcription factors, have been shown to be crucial for platelet biogenesis. Mutations in these genes can perturb megakaryopoiesis or thrombopoiesis, resulting in thrombocytopenia. Metabolic changes owing to inflammation, ageing, or diseases such as cancer, in which platelets play crucial roles in disease development, can also affect platelet biogenesis. In this review, I describe the characteristics of platelets and megakaryocytes in terms of their differentiation processes. The role of several critical transcription factors have been discussed to better understand the changes in platelet biogenesis that occur during disease or ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Noh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Chiara VD, Daxinger L, Staal FJT. The Route of Early T Cell Development: Crosstalk between Epigenetic and Transcription Factors. Cells 2021; 10:1074. [PMID: 33946533 PMCID: PMC8147249 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic multipotent progenitors seed the thymus and then follow consecutive developmental stages until the formation of mature T cells. During this process, phenotypic changes of T cells entail stage-specific transcriptional programs that underlie the dynamic progression towards mature lymphocytes. Lineage-specific transcription factors are key drivers of T cell specification and act in conjunction with epigenetic regulators that have also been elucidated as crucial players in the establishment of regulatory networks necessary for proper T cell development. In this review, we summarize the activity of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that together orchestrate the intricacies of early T cell development with a focus on regulation of T cell lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Della Chiara
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.D.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.D.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lemarié M, Bottardi S, Mavoungou L, Pak H, Milot E. IKAROS is required for the measured response of NOTCH target genes upon external NOTCH signaling. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009478. [PMID: 33770102 PMCID: PMC8026084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor IKAROS binds and represses multiple NOTCH target genes. For their induction upon NOTCH signaling, IKAROS is removed and replaced by NOTCH Intracellular Domain (NICD)-associated proteins. However, IKAROS remains associated to other NOTCH activated genes upon signaling and induction. Whether IKAROS could participate to the induction of this second group of NOTCH activated genes is unknown. We analyzed the combined effect of IKAROS abrogation and NOTCH signaling on the expression of NOTCH activated genes in erythroid cells. In IKAROS-deleted cells, we observed that many of these genes were either overexpressed or no longer responsive to NOTCH signaling. IKAROS is then required for the organization of bivalent chromatin and poised transcription of NOTCH activated genes belonging to either of the aforementioned groups. Furthermore, we show that IKAROS-dependent poised organization of the NOTCH target Cdkn1a is also required for its adequate induction upon genotoxic insults. These results highlight the critical role played by IKAROS in establishing bivalent chromatin and transcriptional poised state at target genes for their activation by NOTCH or other stress signals. NOTCH1 deregulation can favor hematological malignancies. In addition to RBP-Jκ/NICD/MAML1, other regulators are required for the measured activation of NOTCH target genes. IKAROS is a known repressor of many NOTCH targets. Since it can also favor transcriptional activation and control gene expression levels, we questioned whether IKAROS could participate to the activation of specific NOTCH target genes. We are reporting that upon NOTCH induction, the absence of IKAROS impairs the measured activation of two groups of NOTCH target genes: (i) those overexpressed and characterized by an additive effect imposed by the absence of IKAROS and NOTCH induction; and (ii) those ‘desensitized’ and no more activated by NOTCH. At genes of both groups, IKAROS controls the timely recruitment of the chromatin remodelers CHD4 and BRG1. IKAROS then influences the activation of these genes through the organization of chromatin and poised transcription or through transcriptional elongation control. The importance of the IKAROS controlled and measured activation of genes is not limited to NOTCH signaling as it also characterizes Cdkn1a expression upon genotoxic stress. Thus, these results provide a new perspective on the importance of IKAROS for the adequate cellular response to stress, whether imposed by NOTCH or genotoxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Lemarié
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; CIUSSS de l’est de l’Île de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefania Bottardi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; CIUSSS de l’est de l’Île de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lionel Mavoungou
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; CIUSSS de l’est de l’Île de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Helen Pak
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; CIUSSS de l’est de l’Île de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Milot
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; CIUSSS de l’est de l’Île de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rivellese F, Manou-Stathopoulou S, Mauro D, Goldmann K, Pyne D, Rajakariar R, Gordon P, Schafer P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Lewis MJ. Effects of targeting the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos on B cell activation and differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 8:8/1/e000445. [PMID: 33727237 PMCID: PMC7970264 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of targeting Ikaros and Aiolos by cereblon modulator iberdomide on the activation and differentiation of B-cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods CD19+ B-cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with SLE (n=41) were cultured with TLR7 ligand resiquimod ±IFNα together with iberdomide or control from day 0 (n=16). Additionally, in vitro B-cell differentiation was induced by stimulation with IL-2/IL-10/IL-15/CD40L/resiquimod with iberdomide or control, given at day 0 or at day 4. At day 5, immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA and cells analysed by flow cytometry. RNA-Seq was performed on fluorescence-activated cell-sorted CD27-IgD+ naïve-B-cells and CD20lowCD27+CD38+ plasmablasts to investigate the transcriptional consequences of iberdomide. Results Iberdomide significantly inhibited the TLR7 and IFNα-mediated production of immunoglobulins from SLE B-cells and the production of antinuclear antibodies as well as significantly reducing the number of CD27+CD38+ plasmablasts (0.3±0.18, vehicle 1.01±0.56, p=0.011) and CD138+ plasma cells (0.12±0.06, vehicle 0.28±0.02, p=0.03). Additionally, treatment with iberdomide from day 0 significantly inhibited the differentiation of SLE B-cells into plasmablasts (6.4±13.5 vs vehicle 34.9±20.1, p=0.013) and antibody production. When given at later stages of differentiation, iberdomide did not affect the numbers of plasmablasts or the production of antibodies; however, it induced a significant modulation of gene expression involving IKZF1 and IKZF3 transcriptional programmes in both naïve B-cells and plasmablasts (400 and 461 differentially modulated genes, respectively, false discovery rate<0.05). Conclusion These results demonstrate the relevance of Ikaros and Aiolos as therapeutic targets in SLE due to their ability to modulate B cell activation and differentiation downstream of TLR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Rivellese
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sotiria Manou-Stathopoulou
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katriona Goldmann
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Debasish Pyne
- Rheumatology Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Gordon
- Rheumatology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Schafer
- Translational Medicine Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Kang M, Lee HS, Choi JK, Yu CR, Egwuagu CE. Deletion of Irf4 in T Cells Suppressed Autoimmune Uveitis and Dysregulated Transcriptional Programs Linked to CD4 + T Cell Differentiation and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052775. [PMID: 33803441 PMCID: PMC7967141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) and IRF8 regulate differentiation, growth and functions of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Targeted deletion of irf8 in T cells (CD4-IRF8KO) has been shown to exacerbate colitis and experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a mouse model of human uveitis. We therefore generated mice lacking irf4 in T cells (CD4-IRF4KO) and investigated whether expression of IRF4 by T cells is also required for regulating T cells that suppress autoimmune diseases. Surprisingly, we found that CD4-IRF4KO mice are resistant to EAU. Suppression of EAU derived in part from inhibiting pathogenic responses of Th17 cells while inducing expansion of regulatory lymphocytes that secrete IL-10 and/or IL-35 in the eye and peripheral lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, CD4-IRF4KO T cells exhibit alterations in cell metabolism and are defective in the expression of two Ikaros zinc-finger (IKZF) transcription factors (Ikaros, Aiolos) that are required for lymphocyte differentiation, metabolism and cell-fate decisions. Thus, synergistic effects of IRF4 and IkZFs might induce metabolic reprogramming of differentiating lymphocytes and thereby dynamically regulate relative abundance of T and B lymphocyte subsets that mediate immunopathogenic mechanisms during uveitis. Moreover, the diametrically opposite effects of IRF4 and IRF8 during EAU suggests that intrinsic function of IRF4 in T cells might be activating proinflammatory responses while IRF8 promotes expansion of immune-suppressive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kang
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.K.); (H.-S.L.); (J.K.C.); (C.-R.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Su Lee
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.K.); (H.-S.L.); (J.K.C.); (C.-R.Y.)
| | - Jin Kyeong Choi
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.K.); (H.-S.L.); (J.K.C.); (C.-R.Y.)
- Department of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
| | - Cheng-Rong Yu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.K.); (H.-S.L.); (J.K.C.); (C.-R.Y.)
| | - Charles E. Egwuagu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.K.); (H.-S.L.); (J.K.C.); (C.-R.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +301-496-0049; Fax: +301-480-3914
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Asa SL, Mete O, Ezzat S. Genomics and Epigenomics of Pituitary Tumors: What Do Pathologists Need to Know? Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:3-16. [PMID: 33433883 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathology has advanced our understanding of many tumors and offers opportunities to identify novel therapies. In the pituitary, the field has uncovered several genetic mutations that predispose to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) development, including MEN1, CDKN1B, PRKRIα, AIP, GPR101, and other more rare events; however, these genes are only rarely mutated in sporadic PitNETs. Recurrent genetic events in sporadic PitNETs include GNAS mutations in a subset of somatotroph tumors and ubiquitin-specific peptidase mutations (e.g., USP8, USP48) in some corticotroph tumors; to date, neither of these has resulted in altered management, and instead, the prognosis and management of PitNETs still rely more on cell type and subtype as well as local growth that determines surgical resectability. In contrast, craniopharyngiomas have either CTNNB1 or BRAFV600E mutations that correlate with adamantinomatous or papillary morphology, respectively; the latter offers the opportunity for targeted therapy. DICER1 mutations are found in patients with pituitary blastoma. Epigenetic changes are implicated in the pathogenesis of the more common sporadic pituitary neoplasms including the majority of PitNETs and tumors of pituicytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ozgur Mete
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shereen Ezzat
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dovat E, Song C, Hu T, Rahman MA, Dhanyamraju PK, Klink M, Bogush D, Soliman M, Kane S, McGrath M, Ding Y, Desai D, Sharma A, Gowda C. Transcriptional Regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by IKAROS and Protein Kinase CK2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020819. [PMID: 33467550 PMCID: PMC7830534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IKAROS, encoded by the IKZF1 gene, is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a tumor suppressor in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Recent studies have identified IKAROS’s novel function in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in T-ALL and uncovered many genes that are likely to be directly regulated by IKAROS. Here, we report the transcriptional regulation of two genes, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) and phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing (PIKFYVE), by IKAROS in T-ALL. PIK3CD encodes the protein p110δ subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancers, including T-ALL. IKAROS binds to the promoter regions of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and reduces their transcription in primary T-ALL. Functional analysis demonstrates that IKAROS functions as a transcriptional repressor of both PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a pro-oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in T-ALL. CK2 phosphorylates IKAROS, impairs IKAROS’s DNA-binding ability, and functions as a repressor of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. CK2 inhibition results in increased IKAROS binding to the promoters of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and the transcriptional repression of both these genes. Overall, the presented data demonstrate for the first time that in T-ALL, CK2 hyperactivity contributes to PI3K signaling pathway upregulation, at least in part, through impaired IKAROS transcriptional regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Targeting CK2 restores IKAROS’s regulatory effects on the PI3K oncogenic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanora Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Morgann Klink
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-91-717-531-6012
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Enhancer polymorphisms at the IKZF1 susceptibility locus for acute lymphoblastic leukemia impact B-cell proliferation and differentiation in both Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome genetic backgrounds. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244863. [PMID: 33411777 PMCID: PMC7790404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome have an approximately 10-fold increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia and this risk is influenced by inherited genetic variation. Genome-wide association studies have identified IKZF1 as a strong acute lymphoblastic leukemia susceptibility locus in children both with and without Down syndrome, with association signals reported at rs4132601 in non-Down syndrome and rs58923657 in individuals with Down syndrome (r2 = 0.98 for these two loci). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis in non-Down syndrome lymphoblastoid cell lines has demonstrated an association between the rs4132601 risk allele and decreased IKZF1 mRNA levels. In this study, we provide further mechanistic evidence linking the region encompassing IKZF1-associated polymorphisms to pro-leukemogenic effects in both human lymphoblastoid cell lines and murine hematopoietic stem cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the region encompassing the rs17133807 major allele (r2 with rs58923657 = 0.97) resulted in significant reduction of IKZF1 mRNA levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines, with a greater effect in Down syndrome versus non-Down syndrome cells. Since rs17133807 is highly conserved in mammals, we also evaluated the orthologous murine locus at rs263378223, in hematopoietic stem cells from the Dp16(1)Yey mouse model of Down syndrome as well as non-Down syndrome control mice. Homozygous deletion of the region encompassing rs263378223 resulted in significantly reduced Ikzf1 mRNA, confirming that this polymorphism maps to a strong murine Ikzf1 enhancer, and resulted in increased B-lymphoid colony growth and decreased B-lineage differentiation. Our results suggest that both the region encompassing rs17133807 and its conserved orthologous mouse locus have functional effects that may mediate increased leukemia susceptibility in both the Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome genetic backgrounds.
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Kuehn HS, Nunes-Santos CJ, Rosenzweig SD. IKAROS-Associated Diseases in 2020: Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Outcomes in Primary Immune Deficiency/Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1-10. [PMID: 33392855 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IKAROS, encoded by IKZF1, is a zinc finger transcription factor and a critical regulator of hematopoiesis. Mutations in IKZF1 have been implicated in immune deficiency, autoimmunity, and malignancy in humans. Somatic IKZF1 loss-of-function mutations and deletions have been shown to increase predisposition to the development of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and associated with poor prognosis. In the last 4 years, germline heterozygous IKZF1 mutations have been reported in primary immune deficiency/inborn errors of immunity. These allelic variants, acting by either haploinsufficiency or dominant negative mechanisms affecting particular functions of IKAROS, are associated with common variable immunodeficiency, combined immunodeficiency, or primarily hematologic phenotypes in affected patients. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic, clinical, and immunological manifestations in patients with IKZF1 mutations, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to their disease as a consequence of IKAROS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm. 2C410F, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm. 2C410F, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Rm. 2C410F, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Ye Y, Gaudy A, Schafer P, Thomas M, Weiss D, Chen N, Liu L, Xue Y, Carayannopoulos L, Palmisano M. First-in-Human, Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose Studies in Healthy Subjects to Assess Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety/Tolerability of Iberdomide, a Novel Cereblon E3 Ligase Modulator. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 10:471-485. [PMID: 32969202 PMCID: PMC8246954 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety/tolerability of iberdomide (CC‐220), a highly potent oral cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD), were evaluated in escalating single‐dose (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 2, 4, 6 mg) and multiple‐dose (0.3 mg once daily for 14 days, 1 mg once daily for 28 days, 0.3 mg once daily for 28 days, or 1 mg once daily for 7 days with a 7‐day washout, then once daily for 7 more days) studies in healthy subjects (n = 99). Iberdomide exposure increased in a dose‐proportional manner. Terminal half‐life was 9‐13 hours after a single dose. Iberdomide decreased peripheral CD19+ B lymphocytes (Emax, 92.4%; EC50, 0.718 ng/mL), with modest reductions in CD3+ T lymphocytes (Emax, 34.8%; EC50, 0.932 ng/mL). Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐1β) were reduced, but anti‐CD3‐stimulated IL‐2 and interferon‐γ were increased. Iberdomide 1 mg once daily partially decreased T‐cell‐independent antibody responses to PPV23 but did not change tetanus toxoid recall response. Pharmacodynamic data suggest dose‐dependent, differential immunomodulatory effects on B and T lymphocytes. Iberdomide was tolerated up to 6 mg as a single dose and at 0.3 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Grade 3 asymptomatic neutropenia was observed following 1 mg once daily for 21 days; a 7‐day drug holiday alleviated neutropenia. Further investigation of iberdomide in autoimmune and hematological diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Allison Gaudy
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peter Schafer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Daniel Weiss
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nianhang Chen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Liangang Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yongjun Xue
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Summit, New Jersey, USA
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Yung S, Yap DYH, Chan TM. A review of advances in the understanding of lupus nephritis pathogenesis as a basis for emerging therapies. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-905. [PMID: 32789005 PMCID: PMC7405261 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22438.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is an important cause of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease that can result in end-stage renal disease. Its pathogenic mechanisms are characterized by aberrant activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses, dysregulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and increased cytokine production. Treatment of lupus nephritis remains a challenging issue in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus since the clinical presentation, response to treatment, and prognosis all vary considerably between patients and are influenced by ethnicity, gender, the degree of chronic kidney damage, pharmacogenomics, and non-immunological modulating factors. Elucidation of the various immunopathogenic pathways in lupus nephritis has resulted in the development of novel therapies, including biologics that target specific antigens on B lymphocytes to achieve B cell depletion, agents that modulate B cell proliferation and development, drugs that block co-stimulatory pathways, drugs that target T lymphocytes primarily, and therapies that target complement activation, signaling pathways, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil extracellular traps. This review will discuss recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis in lupus nephritis in the context of potential emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Desmond YH Yap
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Domingo S, Solé C, Moliné T, Ferrer B, Ordi-Ros J, Cortés-Hernández J. Efficacy of Thalidomide in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms. Dermatology 2020; 236:467-476. [PMID: 32659758 DOI: 10.1159/000508672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalidomide has been used successfully in a variety of chronic refractory inflammatory dermatological conditions with underlying autoimmune or infectious pathogenesis. It was first used for refractory discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in 1983 and has steadily grown since then. METHOD In this review, we describe the therapeutic benefits of thalidomide for DLE treatment and its biological properties. We explain how new discoveries in DLE pathogenesis are relevant to understand thalidomide's mechanism of action and the need to find an alternative safe drug with similar therapeutic effects. SUMMARY Thalidomide's efficacy in DLE patients is significant, with 80-90% reaching clinical remission according to different studies. However, thalidomide's use is still limited by serious adverse effects such as teratogenicity, neurotoxicity, and thrombosis. In addition, there is a frequent rate of relapse and many patients require a long-term low dose of thalidomide as maintenance. The achievement of clinical response within weeks is key to avoid irreversible DLE fibrotic sequelae, making it critical to introduce thalidomide earlier in the DLE treatment algorithm. Recently, microarray and miRNA screenings demonstrated a significant CD4+ T enrichment and T-helper 1 response predom-inance with a dysregulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) expression in DLE lesions that induced high levels of proinflammatory, chemotaxis, and apoptotic proteins that induce the chronic inflammation response. Thalidomide's anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and T-cell co-stimulatory effects may be beneficial for DLE since it promotes cytokine inhibition, inhibits macrophage activation, regulates Treg responses, inhibits angiogenesis, modulates T cells, and promotes NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Domingo
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Solé
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Teresa Moliné
- Departament of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Ferrer
- Departament of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Ordi-Ros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Cortés-Hernández
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Germline mutations in the transcription factor IKZF5 cause thrombocytopenia. Blood 2020; 134:2070-2081. [PMID: 31217188 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel causes of hereditary thrombocytopenia, we performed a genetic association analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 13 037 individuals enrolled in the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource, including 233 cases with isolated thrombocytopenia. We found an association between rare variants in the transcription factor-encoding gene IKZF5 and thrombocytopenia. We report 5 causal missense variants in or near IKZF5 zinc fingers, of which 2 occurred de novo and 3 co-segregated in 3 pedigrees. A canonical DNA-zinc finger binding model predicts that 3 of the variants alter DNA recognition. Expression studies showed that chromatin binding was disrupted in mutant compared with wild-type IKZF5, and electron microscopy revealed a reduced quantity of α granules in normally sized platelets. Proplatelet formation was reduced in megakaryocytes from 7 cases relative to 6 controls. Comparison of RNA-sequencing data from platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and CD4+ T cells from 3 cases and 14 healthy controls showed 1194 differentially expressed genes in platelets but only 4 differentially expressed genes in each of the other blood cell types. In conclusion, IKZF5 is a novel transcriptional regulator of megakaryopoiesis and the eighth transcription factor associated with dominant thrombocytopenia in humans.
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Cornelissen LM, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, de Bruijn R, Pritchard CEJ, Huijbers IJ, Zwart W, Jonkers J. TRPS1 acts as a context-dependent regulator of mammary epithelial cell growth/differentiation and breast cancer development. Genes Dev 2019; 34:179-193. [PMID: 31879358 PMCID: PMC7000918 DOI: 10.1101/gad.331371.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Cornelissen et al. set out to elucidate the role of the GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor TRPS1 in breast cancer. Using in vitro and in vivo loss-of-function approaches, the authors demonstrate that TRPS1 can function as a context-dependent tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while being essential for growth and differentiation of normal mammary epithelial cells. The GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor TRPS1 has been implicated in breast cancer. However, its precise role remains unclear, as both amplifications and inactivating mutations in TRPS1 have been reported. Here, we used in vitro and in vivo loss-of-function approaches to dissect the role of TRPS1 in mammary gland development and invasive lobular breast carcinoma, which is hallmarked by functional loss of E-cadherin. We show that TRPS1 is essential in mammary epithelial cells, since TRPS1-mediated suppression of interferon signaling promotes in vitro proliferation and lactogenic differentiation. Similarly, TRPS1 expression is indispensable for proliferation of mammary organoids and in vivo survival of luminal epithelial cells during mammary gland development. However, the consequences of TRPS1 loss are dependent on E-cadherin status, as combined inactivation of E-cadherin and TRPS1 causes persistent proliferation of mammary organoids and accelerated mammary tumor formation in mice. Together, our results demonstrate that TRPS1 can function as a context-dependent tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while being essential for growth and differentiation of normal mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette M Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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36
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Gokhale AS, Gangaplara A, Lopez-Occasio M, Thornton AM, Shevach EM. Selective deletion of Eos (Ikzf4) in T-regulatory cells leads to loss of suppressive function and development of systemic autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102300. [PMID: 31296356 PMCID: PMC11046398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eos (lkzf4) is a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors and is preferentially expressed in T-regulatory (Treg) cells. However, the role of Eos in Treg function is controversial. One study using siRNA knock down of Eos demonstrated that it was critical for Treg suppressor function. In contrast, Treg from mice with a global deficiency of Eos had normal Treg function in vitro and in vivo. To further dissect the function of Eos in Tregs, we generated mice with a conditional knock out of Eos in Treg cells (lkzf4fl/fl X Foxp3YFP-cre, Eos cKO). Deletion of Eos in Treg resulted in activation of CD4+Foxp3- and CD8+ T cells at the age of 3 months, cellular infiltration in non-lymphoid tissues, hyperglobulinemia, and anti-nuclear antibodies. While Tregs from Eos cKO mice displayed normal suppressive function in vitro, Eos cKO mice developed severe Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyletis (EAE) following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and Eos cKO Treg were unable to suppress Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Eos cKO mice had decreased growth of the transplantable murine adenocarcinoma MC38 tumor accompanied by enhanced IFN-γ/TNF-α production by CD8+ T cells in tumor draining lymph nodes. Mice with a global deficiency of Eos or a deficiency of Eos only in T cells developed autoimmunity at a much older age (12 months or 7-8 months, respectively). Taken together, Eos appears to play an essential role in multiple aspects of Treg suppressor function, but also plays an as yet unknown role in the function of CD4+Foxp3- and CD8+ T cells and potentially in non-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Gokhale
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Occasio
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Angela M Thornton
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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37
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Yao HL, Liu M, Wang WJ, Wang XL, Song J, Song QQ, Han J. Construction of miRNA-target networks using microRNA profiles of CVB3-infected HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17876. [PMID: 31784561 PMCID: PMC6884461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gene expression in multiple biological processes and diseases. Thus, to understand changes in miRNA during CVB3 infection, specific miRNA expression profiles were investigated at 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h postinfection in HeLa cells by small-RNA high-throughput sequencing. Biological implications of 68 differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed through GO and KEGG pathways. Interaction networks between 34 known highly differentially expressed miRNAs and targets were constructed by mirDIP and Navigator. The predicted targets showed that FAM135A, IKZF2, PLAG1, ZNF148, PHC3, LCOR and DYRK1A, which are associated with cellular differentiation and transcriptional regulation, were recognized by 8 miRNAs or 9 miRNAs through interactional regulatory networks. Seven target genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of DYRK1A, FAM135A, PLAG1, ZNF148, and PHC3 were obviously inhibited at 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h postinfection. The expression of LCOR did not show a significant change, and the expression of IKZF2 increased gradually with prolonged infection time. Our findings improve the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of CVB3 infection on cellular differentiation and development through miRNA regulation, which has implications for interventional approaches to CVB3-infection therapy. Our results also provide a new method for screening target genes of microRNA regulation in virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 YaBao Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Wen Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Xin Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Qin Qin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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38
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Gowda C, Song C, Ding Y, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, McGrath M, Bamme Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Payne JL, Dovat S. Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100665. [PMID: 31623972 PMCID: PMC7239353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in normal regulation of gene expression is one of the key features of hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these diseases, we dissected the role of the Ikaros protein in leukemia. Ikaros is a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional regulator and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. The use of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq—coupled with functional experiments—revealed that Ikaros regulates both the global epigenomic landscape and epigenetic signature at promoter regions of its target genes. Casein kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in leukemia, directly phosphorylates Ikaros at multiple, evolutionarily-conserved residues. Phosphorylation of Ikaros impairs the protein's ability to regulate both the transcription of its target genes and global epigenetic landscape in leukemia. Treatment of leukemia cells with a specific inhibitor of CK2 restores Ikaros function, resulting in cytotoxicity of leukemia cells. Here, we review the mechanisms through which the CK2-Ikaros signaling axis regulates the global epigenomic landscape and expression of genes that control cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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PG545 treatment reduces RRV-induced elevations of AST, ALT with secondary lymphoid organ alterations in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217998. [PMID: 31170255 PMCID: PMC6553857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently the anti-viral effects of prophylactic treatment with the low-molecular-weight heparan sulfate mimetic PG545 in Ross River virus (RRV) infected mice were reported. We further investigated the related, transient pathophysiology of PG545 drug treatment in RRV-infected and mock-infected PG545-treated mice. PG545 treatment resulted in mild lethargy and piloerection, on days after the drug administration. Mice were treated with two or three doses of PG545 within a ten-day period and were subsequently culled at peak disease or at disease resolution. The treatment responses of the spleen and liver were assessed through histology, flow cytometry, gene arrays and serum biochemistry. Microscopy showed an expanded red pulp in the spleen following either two or three treatments with PG545. The red pulp expansion was further demonstrated by the proliferation of megakaryocytes and erythrocyte precursors within the spleen. In addition, flow cytometry and gene array analyses revealed a reduction of lymphocytes within the spleens of PG545-treated mice. Previously unreported, RRV-induced elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzymes and creatinine were also noted in the RRV-infected mice. However, PG545 only reduced AST and ALT levels but not the creatinine levels in infected mice during treatment. Mice treated with three doses of PG545 also showed hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia, which were reversed upon discontinuation of the treatment. In summary, this study demonstrates that dose and frequency related haemopoietic pathophysiology such as hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia, occurred in C57BL/6 mice treated with PG545. However, this effect was reversible once drug administration is terminated.
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40
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Lyon de Ana C, Arakcheeva K, Agnihotri P, Derosia N, Winandy S. Lack of Ikaros Deregulates Inflammatory Gene Programs in T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1112-1123. [PMID: 30635395 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD4 Th cells are organizers of the immune response, directing other immune cells to initiate and maintain effective humoral and cellular immunity. CD4 T cells differentiate into distinct Th effector or regulatory subsets in response to signals delivered to them during the course of infection. Ikaros is a transcription factor that is expressed in blood cells from the level of the hematopoietic stem cell. It is required for normal thymic T cell development and serves as a tumor suppressor, as lack of Ikaros in developing lymphoid cells results in leukemia. To study the role of Ikaros in CD4 T cell differentiation and function, an Ikaros conditional knockout mouse was developed such that Ikaros expression was deleted specifically in mature T cells, thus avoiding defects observed in germline Ikaros mutant mice. Using this model system, we have shown that in the absence of Ikaros, CD4 T cells are able to attain Th1, Th2, and Th17, but not inducible regulatory T, cell fates. However, they show enhanced expression of a cohort of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in differentiation of Th17 cells with a phenotype that has been associated with autoimmunity and pathological inflammation. In addition, we define Ikaros as a repressor of the gene program associated with the response to type I IFNs, another key pathway whose deregulation is linked to autoimmunity. Taken together, these data definitively define Ikaros as a critical regulator at the center of the inflammatory response in T cells and highlight a potential role in suppressing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lyon de Ana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Ksenia Arakcheeva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Parul Agnihotri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Nicole Derosia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Susan Winandy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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41
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Widespread intronic polyadenylation diversifies immune cell transcriptomes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1716. [PMID: 29712909 PMCID: PMC5928244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (ApA) is known to alter untranslated region (3'UTR) length but can also recognize intronic polyadenylation (IpA) signals to generate transcripts that lose part or all of the coding region. We analyzed 46 3'-seq and RNA-seq profiles from normal human tissues, primary immune cells, and multiple myeloma (MM) samples and created an atlas of 4927 high-confidence IpA events represented in these cell types. IpA isoforms are widely expressed in immune cells, differentially used during B-cell development or in different cellular environments, and can generate truncated proteins lacking C-terminal functional domains. This can mimic ectodomain shedding through loss of transmembrane domains or alter the binding specificity of proteins with DNA-binding or protein-protein interaction domains. MM cells display a striking loss of IpA isoforms expressed in plasma cells, associated with shorter progression-free survival and impacting key genes in MM biology and response to lenalidomide.
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42
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Van Nieuwenhove E, Garcia-Perez JE, Helsen C, Rodriguez PD, van Schouwenburg PA, Dooley J, Schlenner S, van der Burg M, Verhoeyen E, Gijsbers R, Frietze S, Schjerven H, Meyts I, Claessens F, Humblet-Baron S, Wouters C, Liston A. A kindred with mutant IKAROS and autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:699-702.e12. [PMID: 29705243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Princess D Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | | | - James Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- the Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bond J, Domaschenz R, Roman-Trufero M, Sabbattini P, Ferreiros-Vidal I, Gerrard G, Asnafi V, Macintyre E, Merkenschlager M, Dillon N. Direct interaction of Ikaros and Foxp1 modulates expression of the G protein-coupled receptor G2A in B-lymphocytes and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65923-65936. [PMID: 27588474 PMCID: PMC5323203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ikaros and Foxp1 are transcription factors that play key roles in normal lymphopoiesis and lymphoid malignancies. We describe a novel physical and functional interaction between the proteins, which requires the central zinc finger domain of Ikaros. The Ikaros-Foxp1 interaction is abolished by deletion of this region, which corresponds to the IK6 isoform that is commonly associated with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also identify the Gpr132 gene, which encodes the orphan G protein-coupled receptor G2A, as a novel target for Foxp1. Increased expression of Foxp1 enhanced Gpr132 transcription and caused cell cycle changes, including G2 arrest. Co-expression of wild-type Ikaros, but not IK6, displaced Foxp1 binding from the Gpr132 gene, reversed the increase in Gpr132 expression and inhibited G2 arrest. Analysis of primary ALL samples revealed a significant increase in GPR132 expression in IKZF1-deleted BCR-ABL negative patients, suggesting that levels of wild-type Ikaros may influence the regulation of G2A in B-ALL. Our results reveal a novel effect of Ikaros haploinsufficiency on Foxp1 functioning, and identify G2A as a potential modulator of the cell cycle in Ikaros-deleted B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bond
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Renae Domaschenz
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Present address: Chromatin and Transcriptional Regulation Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mónica Roman-Trufero
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Pierangela Sabbattini
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Ferreiros-Vidal
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerrard
- Imperial Molecular Pathology, Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Merkenschlager
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Dillon
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Mouse Bone Marrow VSELs Exhibit Differentiation into Three Embryonic Germ Lineages and Germ & Hematopoietic Cells in Culture. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:202-216. [PMID: 28070859 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) have been reported in various adult tissues, express pluripotent and primordial germ cells (PGCs) specific markers, are mobilized under stress/disease conditions, give rise to tissue committed progenitors and thus help regenerate and maintain homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro differentiation potential of VSELs using a quantitative approach. VSELs were collected from mouse bone marrow after 4 days of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 150 mg/Kg) treatment, further enriched by size based filtration and cultured on a feeder support in the presence of specific differentiation media. Cultured VSELs were found to differentiate into all three embryonic germ cell lineages, germ and hematopoietic cells after 14 days in culture. This was confirmed by studying Nestin, PDX-1, NKX2.5, DAZL, CD45 and other markers expression by various approaches. Very small, CD45 negative cells collected and enriched from GFP positive 5-FU treated mice bone marrow transitioned into CD45 positive cells in vitro thus demonstrating that VSELs can give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We envision that VSELs may be responsible for plasticity and ability of bone marrow cells to give rise to non-hematopoietic tissue progenitors of all 3 germ layers. Moreover the ability of VSELs to differentiate into germ cells as well as all the three lineages provides further evidence to support their pluripotent state and confirms developmental link between bone marrow VSELs and PGCs. The property of quiescence, no risk of teratoma formation and autologus source, make pluripotent VSELs a potential candidate to facilitate endogenous regeneration compared to cell replacement strategy envisioned using embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Qu S, Du Y, Chang S, Guo L, Fang K, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhang K, Wang J. Common variants near IKZF1 are associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Han Chinese. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177320. [PMID: 28552951 PMCID: PMC5446195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systematic autoimmune disease with evidence of genetic predisposition. The IKZF1 (IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (Ikaros)) gene is located at 7p12.2, encodes a transcription factor related to chromatin remodeling, regulates lymphocyte differentiation, and has been reported to be associated with some autoimmune diseases. However, there have been no reports of an association between IKZF1 and pSS. To investigate the possibility of an association between the IKZF1 locus and pSS, we selected two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IKZF1 locus, rs4917129 and rs4917014, based on a detailed analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and performed genotyping in 665 Han Chinese pSS patients and 863 healthy controls. The results of an association test showed significant association signals (rs4917129: P-value = 5.5e-4, OR (odds ratio) = 0.72, 95% CI (confidence interval) = 0.60-0.87; rs4917014: P-value = 1.2e-3, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64-0.89). A meta-analysis that combined the above results with data from previous GWAS, further confirmed these associations (rs4917129: Pmeta = 4.24e-8, ORmeta = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.61-0.79; rs4917014: Pmeta = 6.0e-8, ORmeta = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.64-0.81). A bioinformatics analysis indicated that both SNPs were located in a putative enhancer area in immune-related cell lines and tissues. A protein-protein interaction analysis found that IKZF1, together with GTF2I (an SS susceptibility gene newly identified through GWAS), could interact with histone deacetylase family proteins. In summary, this is the first study to report an association between IKZF1 and SS in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kechi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (J. Wang); (K. Zhang)
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (J. Wang); (K. Zhang)
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46
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Apigenin: Selective CK2 inhibitor increases Ikaros expression and improves T cell homeostasis and function in murine pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170197. [PMID: 28152014 PMCID: PMC5289423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) evades immune destruction by favoring the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibit effector T cells. The transcription factor Ikaros is critical for lymphocyte development, especially T cells. We have previously shown that downregulation of Ikaros occurs as a result of its protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in our Panc02 tumor-bearing (TB) mouse model. Mechanistically, we observed a deregulation in the balance between Casein Kinase II (CK2) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which suggested that increased CK2 activity is responsible for regulating Ikaros’ stability in our model. We also showed that this loss of Ikaros expression is associated with a significant decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages but increased CD4+CD25+ Tregs in TB mice. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the dietary flavonoid apigenin (API), on Ikaros expression and T cell immune responses. Treatment of splenocytes from naïve mice with (API) stabilized Ikaros expression and prevented Ikaros downregulation in the presence of murine Panc02 cells in vitro, similar to the proteasome inhibitor MG132. In vivo treatment of TB mice with apigenin (TB-API) improved survival, reduced tumor weights and prevented splenomegaly. API treatment also restored protein expression of some Ikaros isoforms, which may be attributed to its moderate inhibition of CK2 activity from splenocytes of TB-API mice. This partial restoration of Ikaros expression was accompanied by a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages and a reduction in Treg percentages in TB-API mice. In addition, CD8+ T cells from TB-API mice produced more IFN-γ and their splenocytes were better able to prime allogeneic CD8+ T cell responses compared to TB mice. These results provide further evidence that Ikaros is regulated by CK2 in our pancreatic cancer model. More importantly, our findings suggest that API may be a possible therapeutic agent for stabilizing Ikaros expression and function to maintain T cell homeostasis in murine PC.
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47
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Götz C, Montenarh M. Protein kinase CK2 in development and differentiation. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:127-133. [PMID: 28357063 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the human kinomes, protein kinase CK2 (formerly termed casein kinase II) is considered to be essential, as it is implicated in the regulation of various cellular processes. Experiments with pharmacological inhibitors of the kinase activity of CK2 provide evidence that CK2 is essential for development and differentiation. Therefore, the present review addresses the role of CK2 during embryogenesis, neuronal, adipogenic, osteogenic and myogenic differentiation in established model cell lines, and in embryonic, neural and mesenchymal stem cells. CK2 kinase activity appears to be essential in the early stages of differentiation, as CK2 inhibition at early time points generally prevents differentiation. In addition, the present review reports on target proteins of CK2 in embryogenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Götz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg, Germany
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48
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Gabrielsen ISM, Viken MK, Amundsen SS, Helgeland H, Holm K, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Autoimmune risk variants in ERAP2 are associated with gene-expression levels in thymus. Genes Immun 2016; 17:406-411. [PMID: 27829666 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 genes have been associated with several autoimmune diseases (AIDs) at a genome-wide significance level. In this study, we performed a cis expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) screen to investigate whether seven fine-mapped AID single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ERAP-region influence the gene-expression levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in thymus. After quality control, we identified six significant eQTLs. We further assessed the peak eQTL signals, and both genes showed highly significant and independent thymic eQTL signals (P=2.16 × 10-15 and P=8.22 × 10-23, respectively). Interestingly, the peak eQTL signal overlapped with the AID risk loci in ERAP2 (r2>0.94), but were distinct in ERAP1 (r2<0.4). Finally, among the SNPs showing the most significant eQTL associations with ERAP2 (P<3.4 × 10-20), six were located within transcription factor motifs in an enhancer region in thymus. Our study therefore reveals the fine-mapped AID risk variants that act as eQTLs with ERAP2 in thymus, and highlights the potential causal regulatory variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S M Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M K Viken
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S S Amundsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Helgeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S T Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - B A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Gowda C, Song C, Kapadia M, Payne JL, Hu T, Ding Y, Dovat S. Regulation of cellular proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Ikaros. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:71-80. [PMID: 27666503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene encodes the Ikaros protein, a zinc finger transcriptional factor that acts as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Impaired activity of Ikaros is associated with the development of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms that regulate Ikaros' function as a tumor suppressor and regulator of cellular proliferation are not well understood. We demonstrated that Ikaros is a substrate for Casein Kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in ALL. Phosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 impairs Ikaros' DNA-binding ability, as well as Ikaros' ability to regulate gene expression and function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Targeting CK2 with specific inhibitors restores Ikaros' function as a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor resulting in a therapeutic, anti-leukemia effect in a preclinical model of ALL. Here, we review the genes and pathways that are regulated by Ikaros and the molecular mechanisms through which Ikaros and CK2 regulate cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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50
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Im SP, Lee JS, Kim SW, Yu JE, Kim YR, Kim J, Lee JH, Jung TS. Investigation of variable lymphocyte receptors in the alternative adaptive immune response of hagfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:203-210. [PMID: 26449649 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Jawless vertebrates have an alternative adaptive immune system mediated by variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), VLRA, VLRC and VLRB. In investigation on the adaptive immunity of hagfish, avian influenza virus hemagglutinin (H9N2-HA1) was used as a model antigen, with mRNA expression levels of VLRA, VLRC and Ikaros were up-regulated in the first week post-immunization. CD45 was up-regulated after the first week; and expression of VLRB progressively increased over the course of the trial. The transcriptional/translational activation of VLRB in blood was verified. The VLRBs cloned from these transcripts showed diversity in their leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The production of specific VLRB increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, detected by an anti-VLRB antibody (11G5). The plasma VLRB could distinguish H9N2-HA1 from unrelated proteins, but not from other HA1 subtypes. Together, our findings show that VLRs play a major role in the alternative adaptive immune system of hagfish by responding to specific foreign substances, such as H9N2-HA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Pyeong Im
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Earn Yu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, NFRDI, Changwon, 645-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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