1
|
Motorina DM, Galimova YA, Battulina NV, Omelina ES. Systems for Targeted Silencing of Gene Expression and Their Application in Plants and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5231. [PMID: 38791270 PMCID: PMC11121118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, there are a variety of different approaches to the targeted regulation of gene expression. However, most approaches are devoted to the activation of gene transcription, and the methods for gene silencing are much fewer in number. In this review, we describe the main systems used for the targeted suppression of gene expression (including RNA interference (RNAi), chimeric transcription factors, chimeric zinc finger proteins, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs)-based repressors, optogenetic tools, and CRISPR/Cas-based repressors) and their application in eukaryotes-plants and animals. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, compare their effectiveness, and discuss the peculiarities of their usage in plant and animal organisms. This review will be useful for researchers in the field of gene transcription suppression and will allow them to choose the optimal method for suppressing the expression of the gene of interest depending on the research object.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evgeniya S. Omelina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pala R, Barui AK, Mohieldin AM, Zhou J, Nauli SM. Folate conjugated nanomedicines for selective inhibition of mTOR signaling in polycystic kidneys at clinically relevant doses. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122329. [PMID: 37722182 PMCID: PMC10836200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Although rapamycin is a very effective drug for rodents with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), it is not encouraging in the clinical trials due to the suboptimal dosages compelled by the off-target side effects. We here report the generation, characterization, specificity, functionality, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicology profiles of novel polycystic kidney-specific-targeting nanoparticles (NPs). We formulated folate-conjugated PLGA-PEG NPs, which can be loaded with multiple drugs, including rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) and antioxidant 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (a nephroprotective agent). The NPs increased the efficacy, potency and tolerability of rapamycin resulting in an increased survival rate and improved kidney function by decreasing side effects and reducing biodistribution to other organs in PKD mice. The daily administration of rapamycin-alone (1 mg/kg/day) could now be achieved with a weekly injection of NPs containing rapamycin (379 μg/kg/week). This polycystic kidney-targeting nanotechnology, for the first time, integrated advances in the use of 1) nanoparticles as a delivery cargo, 2) folate for targeting, 3) near-infrared Cy5-fluorophore for in vitro and in vivo live imaging, 4) rapamycin as a pharmacological therapy, and 5) TEMPO as a combinational therapy. The slow sustained-release of rapamycin by polycystic kidney-targeting NPs demonstrates a new era of nanomedicine in treatment for chronic kidney diseases at clinically relevant doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekharreddy Pala
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; Marlin Biopharma, Irvine, CA, 92620, USA.
| | - Ayan K Barui
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Ashraf M Mohieldin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; Marlin Biopharma, Irvine, CA, 92620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Z, Xu H, Yang Y, Duan C, Zhang P, Wang Y, Fu K, Shen Y, Xu MX. Synthesis and evaluation of naphthalene derivatives as potent STAT3 inhibitors and agents against triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 197:255-267. [PMID: 36369502 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the worst prognostic subtype of breast cancer and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is overexpressed and constitutively activated in TNBCs and associated with poor patient outcomes. However, no agents targeting STAT3 have been successfully developed and marketed. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) have been reported as potential inhibitors of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Naphthalene compounds have good pharmacological activity and significant anti-cancer activity. In this study, we synthesized a new series of naphthalene derivatives with the general structure of SERM and evaluated their effects on TNBC and STAT3 signals. METHODS A new series of compounds based on the scaffold of SERMs and an amino group were designed and screened based on the structure-activity relationship by MTT assay. The binding activity of SMY002 to STAT3 was predicted and validated by docking and SPR. The STAT3 signaling target and anti-cancer effects of SMY002 were evaluated with three TNBC cell lines and the mice transplanted tumor model. RESULTS Among the compounds, SMY002 displayed the most potent activity, which could directly interact with STAT3 SH2-domain, and strongly inhibit the phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear distribution, transcriptional activity, and target genes expression of STAT3. Furthermore, SMY002 markedly suppressed migration, invasion, survival, growth, and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo via down-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1 and MMP9. CONCLUSIONS SMY002 can significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC cells by targeting the STAT3 signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Yang
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hongyun Xu
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yupo Yang
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Chaoqun Duan
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Pai Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263-0001, USA
| | - Yonghong Shen
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Marvin Xuejun Xu
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
- Translational Medical Center, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, 471009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hussain SS, Abbas M, Abbas S, Wei M, El-Sappah AH, Sun Y, Li Y, Ragauskas AJ, Li Q. Alternative splicing: transcriptional regulatory network in agroforestry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1158965. [PMID: 37123829 PMCID: PMC10132464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1158965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) in plants plays a key role in regulating the expression of numerous transcripts from a single gene in a regulatory pathway. Variable concentrations of growth regulatory hormones and external stimuli trigger alternative splicing to switch among different growth stages and adapt to environmental stresses. In the AS phenomenon, a spliceosome causes differential transcriptional modifications in messenger RNA (mRNAs), resulting in partial or complete retention of one or more introns as compared to fully spliced mRNA. Differentially expressed proteins translated from intron-retaining messenger RNA (mRNAir) perform vital functions in the feedback mechanism. At the post-transcriptional level, AS causes the remodeling of transcription factors (TFs) by the addition or deletion of binding domains to activate and/or repress transcription. In this study, we have summarized the specific role of AS in the regulation of gene expression through repression and activation of the transcriptional regulatory network under external stimuli and switch among developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sarfaraz Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Sammar Abbas
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingke Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Li, ; Arthur J. Ragauskas, ; Quanzi Li,
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Yun Li, ; Arthur J. Ragauskas, ; Quanzi Li,
| | - Quanzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Li, ; Arthur J. Ragauskas, ; Quanzi Li,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prescher H, Schweizer A, Frank M, Kuhfeldt E, Ring J, Nitschke L. Targeting Human CD22/Siglec-2 with Dimeric Sialosides as Novel Oligosaccharide Mimetics. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10588-10610. [PMID: 35881556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant interest in the development of high-affinity ligands for Siglecs exists due to the various therapeutically relevant functions of these proteins. Here, we report a new strategy to develop and design Siglec ligands as disialyl-oligosaccharide mimetics exemplified on Siglec-2 (CD22). We report insights into development of dimeric ligands with high affinity and avidity to cell surface-expressed CD22, assay development, tool compounds, structure activity relationships, and biological data on calcium flux regulation in B-cells. The binding modes of selected ligands have been modeled based on state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations on the microsecond timescale, providing detailed views on ligand binding and opening a new perspective on drug design efforts for Siglecs. High-avidity dimeric ligands containing a linker opening the way towards bispecifics are presented as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Frank
- Biognos AB, Generatorsgatan 1, 40274 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Julia Ring
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schamber MR, Vafabakhsh R. Mechanism of sensitivity modulation in the calcium-sensing receptor via electrostatic tuning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2194. [PMID: 35459864 PMCID: PMC9033857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer of information across membranes is fundamental to the function of all organisms and is primarily initiated by transmembrane receptors. For many receptors, how ligand sensitivity is fine-tuned and how disease associated mutations modulate receptor conformation to allosterically affect receptor sensitivity are unknown. Here we map the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) - a dimeric class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and responsible for maintaining extracellular calcium in vertebrates. We show that CaSR undergoes unique conformational rearrangements compared to other class C GPCRs owing to specific structural features. Moreover, by analyzing disease associated mutations, we uncover a large permissiveness in the architecture of the extracellular domain of CaSR, with dynamics- and not specific receptor topology- determining the effect of a mutation. We show a structural hub at the dimer interface allosterically controls CaSR activation via focused electrostatic repulsion. Changes in the surface charge distribution of this hub, which is highly variable between organisms, finely tune CaSR sensitivity. This is potentially a general tuning mechanism for other dimeric receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Schamber
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Reza Vafabakhsh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang C, Li Z, Ma C, Zhu Z. Photoswitchable Enzymatic Biofuel Cell Based on Fusion Protein with Natural Photoreceptor Vivid. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:459-464. [PMID: 35112829 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) have increasingly been the subject of research, but the control of the EBFC output remains difficult. In this study, we fuse glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and diaphorase (DI) with the natural photoreceptor Vivid named "Mag". The output current and power density of EBFCs with the fusion protein exhibit a sensitive and efficient response to blue light. Following optimizations, the power density increases nearly 4-fold from 1.32 to 6.26 μW cm-2, whereas the current rises from 5.9 to 10.8 μA after 20 min of illumination, dropping back within 30 min under dark conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chennan Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ozdemir ES, Koester AM, Nan X. Ras Multimers on the Membrane: Many Ways for a Heart-to-Heart Conversation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:219. [PMID: 35205266 PMCID: PMC8872464 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of Ras multimers, including dimers and nanoclusters, has emerged as an exciting, new front of research in the 'old' field of Ras biomedicine. With significant advances made in the past few years, we are beginning to understand the structure of Ras multimers and, albeit preliminary, mechanisms that regulate their formation in vitro and in cells. Here we aim to synthesize the knowledge accrued thus far on Ras multimers, particularly the presence of multiple globular (G-) domain interfaces, and discuss how membrane nanodomain composition and structure would influence Ras multimer formation. We end with some general thoughts on the potential implications of Ras multimers in basic and translational biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Sila Ozdemir
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR 97201, USA;
| | - Anna M. Koester
- Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR 97201, USA;
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR 97201, USA;
- Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR 97201, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen X, Mayr C. A working model for condensate RNA-binding proteins as matchmakers for protein complex assembly. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:76-87. [PMID: 34706978 PMCID: PMC8675283 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078995.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cellular processes are carried out by protein complexes, but it is still largely unknown how the subunits of lowly expressed complexes find each other in the crowded cellular environment. Here, we will describe a working model where RNA-binding proteins in cytoplasmic condensates act as matchmakers between their bound proteins (called protein targets) and newly translated proteins of their RNA targets to promote their assembly into complexes. Different RNA-binding proteins act as scaffolds for various cytoplasmic condensates with several of them supporting translation. mRNAs and proteins are recruited into the cytoplasmic condensates through binding to specific domains in the RNA-binding proteins. Scaffold RNA-binding proteins have a high valency. In our model, they use homotypic interactions to assemble condensates and they use heterotypic interactions to recruit protein targets into the condensates. We propose that unoccupied binding sites in the scaffold RNA-binding proteins transiently retain recruited and newly translated proteins in the condensates, thus promoting their assembly into complexes. Taken together, we propose that lowly expressed subunits of protein complexes combine information in their mRNAs and proteins to colocalize in the cytoplasm. The efficiency of protein complex assembly is increased by transient entrapment accomplished by multivalent RNA-binding proteins within cytoplasmic condensates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christine Mayr
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao F, Glaser J, Glotzer SC. The role of complementary shape in protein dimerization. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7376-7383. [PMID: 34304260 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shape guides colloidal nanoparticles to form complex assemblies, but its role in defining interfaces in biomolecular complexes is less clear. In this work, we isolate the role of shape in protein complexes by studying the reversible binding processes of 46 protein dimer pairs, and investigate when entropic effects from shape complementarity alone are sufficient to predict the native protein binding interface. We employ depletants using a generic, implicit depletion model to amplify the magnitude of the entropic forces arising from lock-and-key binding and isolate the effect of shape complementarity in protein dimerization. For 13% of the complexes studied here, protein shape is sufficient to predict native complexes as equilibrium assemblies. We elucidate the results by analyzing the importance of competing binding configurations and how it affects the assembly. A machine learning classifier, with a precision of 89.14% and a recall of 77.11%, is able to identify the cases where shape alone predicts the native protein interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marotta P, Salatiello F, Ambrosino L, Berruto F, Chiusano ML, Locascio A. The Ascidia Ciona robusta Provides Novel Insights on the Evolution of the AP-1 Transcriptional Complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709696. [PMID: 34414189 PMCID: PMC8369891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 transcription factor family (AP-1) transcriptional complex is historically defined as an early response group of transcription factors formed by dimeric complexes of the Jun, Fos, Atf, and Maf bZIP proteins that control cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating gene expression. It has been greatly investigated in many model organisms across metazoan evolution. Nevertheless, its complexity and variability of action made its multiple functions difficult to be defined. Here, we place the foundations for understanding the complexity of AP-1 transcriptional members in tunicates. We investigated the gene members of this family in the ascidian Ciona robusta and identified single copies of Jun, Fos, Atf3, Atf2/7, and Maf bZIP-related factors that could have a role in the formation of the AP-1 complex. We highlight that mesenchyme is a common cellular population where all these factors are expressed during embryonic development, and that, moreover, Fos shows a wider pattern of expression including also notochord and neural cells. By ectopic expression in transgenic embryos of Jun and Fos genes alone or in combination, we investigated the phenotypic alterations induced by these factors and highlighted a degree of functional conservation of the AP-1 complex between Ciona and vertebrates. The lack of gene redundancy and the first pieces of evidence of conserved functions in the control of cell movements and structural organization exerted by these factors open the way for using Ciona as a helpful model system to uncover the multiple potentialities of this highly complex family of bZIP transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Salatiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Berruto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy.,Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ziadi W, Boussetta S, Elkamel S, Pakstis AJ, Kidd KK, Medimegh I, Ben Ammar Elgaaied A, Cherni L. STAT3 polymorphisms in North Africa and its implication in breast cancer. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1744. [PMID: 34251094 PMCID: PMC8404238 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in STAT3 gene with the susceptibility to cancer and response to chemotherapy. Our aim was to determine the allele frequencies of rs3869550, rs957971, and rs7211777 at the STAT3 gene in North African populations and compare them to 1000 genomes populations, and to investigate their relation with cancer. METHODS The targeted SNPs have been analyzed in six Tunisian populations and a sample of Libyans using TaqMan® Assay. The results were compared to 1000 Genomes Project population samples. Targeting of the regions encompassing the three SNPs by micro-ARN was assessed using miR databases. RESULTS The analysis of the 3 SNPs showed that North African populations were close to South Asians. As expected, African populations presented a significant frequency of the ancestral CCG haplotype in contrast to other populations where the fully derived TGA haplotype was more frequent. The presence and diversity of rare haplotypes at STAT3 in North African populations could have been generated by recombination between the two major haplotypes. A screening of the micro-RNA databases showed that the STAT3 region with the mutated allele of rs7211777 (G>A) could be targeted by miR hsa-miR-3606-5p, which also targets genes involved in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Ziadi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Boussetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Elkamel
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Andrew J Pakstis
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imen Medimegh
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Ammar Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Cherni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Posadas Y, Parra-Ojeda L, Perez-Cruz C, Quintanar L. Amyloid β Perturbs Cu(II) Binding to the Prion Protein in a Site-Specific Manner: Insights into Its Potential Neurotoxic Mechanisms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8958-8972. [PMID: 34043332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) is a Cu-binding peptide that plays a key role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. A recent report demonstrated that Aβ disrupts the Cu-dependent interaction between cellular prion protein (PrPC) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), inducing overactivation of NMDAR and neurotoxicity. In this context, it has been proposed that Aβ competes for Cu with PrPC; however, there is no spectroscopic evidence to support this hypothesis. Prion protein (PrP) can bind up to six Cu(II) ions: from one to four at the octarepeat (OR) region, producing low- and high-occupancy modes, and two at the His96 and His111 sites. Additionally, PrPC is cleaved by α-secretases at Lys110/His111, yielding a new Cu(II)-binding site at the α-cleaved His111. In this study, the competition for Cu(II) between Aβ(1-16) and peptide models for each Cu-binding site of PrP was evaluated using circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance. Our results show that the impact of Aβ(1-16) on Cu(II) coordination to PrP is highly site-specific: Aβ(1-16) cannot effectively compete with the low-occupancy mode at the OR region, whereas it partially removes the metal ion from the high-occupancy modes and forms a ternary OR-Cu(II)-Aβ(1-16) complex. In contrast, Aβ(1-16) removes all Cu(II) ions from the His96 and His111 sites without formation of ternary species. Finally, at the α-cleaved His111 site, Aβ(1-16) yields at least two different ternary complexes depending on the ratio of PrP/Cu(II)/Aβ. Altogether, our spectroscopic results indicate that only the low-occupancy mode at the OR region resists the effect of Aβ, while Cu(II) coordination to the high-occupancy modes and all other tested sites of PrP is perturbed, by either removal of the metal ion or formation of ternary complexes. These results provide important insights into the intricate effect of Aβ on Cu(II) binding to PrP and the potential neurotoxic mechanisms through which Aβ might affect Cu-dependent functions of PrPC, such as NMDAR modulation.
Collapse
|
14
|
de Vink PJ, van der Hek T, Brunsveld L. Light-driven release of cucurbit[8]uril from a bivalent cage. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6726-6731. [PMID: 34040748 PMCID: PMC8132991 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal control over supramolecular systems has great potential for the modulation of binding and assembly events, such as providing orthogonal control over protein activity. Especially light controlled triggering provides unique entries for supramolecular systems to interface in a controlled manner with enzymes. Here we report on the light-induced release of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) from a bivalent cage molecule and its subsequent activation of a proteolytic enzyme, caspase-9, that itself is unresponsive to light. Central to the design is the bivalent binding of the cage with high affinity to CB[8], 100-fold stronger than the UV-inactivated products. The affinity switching occurs in the (sub-)micromolar concentration regime, matching the concentration characteristics required for dimerizing and activating caspase-9 by CB[8]. The light-responsive caged CB[8] concept presented offers a novel platform for tuning and application of switchable cucurbiturils and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim J de Vink
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Tim van der Hek
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva LP, Horta MAC, Goldman GH. Genetic Interactions Between Aspergillus fumigatus Basic Leucine Zipper (bZIP) Transcription Factors AtfA, AtfB, AtfC, and AtfD. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:632048. [PMID: 37744135 PMCID: PMC10512269 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.632048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungus, capable of causing Invasive Aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients, recently transplanted or undergoing chemotherapy. In the present work, we continued the investigation on A. fumigatus AtfA-D transcription factors (TFs) characterizing possible genetic and physical interactions between them after normal growth and stressing conditions. We constructed double null mutants for all the possible combinations of ΔatfA-, -B, -C, and -D, and look into their susceptibility to different stressing conditions. Our results indicate complex genetic interactions among these TFs that could impact the response to different kinds of stressful conditions. AtfA-D interactions also affect the A. fumigatus virulence in Galleria mellonella. AtfA:GFP is ~97% located in the nucleus while about 20-30% of AtfB, -C, and -D:GFP locate into the nucleus in the absence of any stress. Under stressing conditions, AtfB, -C, and -D:GFP translocate to the nucleus about 60-80% upon the addition of sorbitol or H2O2. These four TFs are also interacting physically forming all the possible combinations of heterodimers. We also identified that AtfA-D physically interact with the MAPK SakA in the absence of any stress and upon osmotic and cell wall stresses. They are involved in the accumulation of trehalose, glycogen and metabolic assimilation of different carbon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fu Y, Zhu F, Ma Z, Lv B, Wang X, Dai C, Ma X, Liu P, Lv H, Chen X, Chen Z, Shen L. Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Extracts Exert Antitumor Effects on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Multiple Myeloma by Inhibiting STAT3 Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:301-314. [PMID: 33469308 PMCID: PMC7811487 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s282334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii is an herb that possesses various ethnopharmacological applications. Herein, our current study focuses on the antitumor effect of a combination of physalins, which are regarded as the most representative secondary metabolites from calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. Materials and Methods We mainly investigated the antitumor activity of the physalins extracted from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii on both solid and hematologic cancers. The main cells used in this study were NCI-H1975 and U266 cells. The major assays used were the CCK-8 assay, Western blot analyses, immunofluorescence assay and Annexin V assay, and a xenograft mouse model was used. Results The results showed that physalins exhibited a strong antitumoural effect on both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells by suppressing constitutive STAT3 activity and further inhibiting the downstream target gene expression induced by STAT3 signaling, which resulted in the enhanced apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, physalins significantly reduced tumor growth in xenograft models of lung cancer. Conclusion Collectively, these findings demonstrated that the physalins from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii may potentially act as cancer preventive or chemotherapeutic agents for NSCLC and MM by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. The present study served as a promising guide to further explore the precise mechanism of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology and Natural Products, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Insititute of Cancer Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang Z, Li Z, Zhang X, Kang S, Dong R, Sun L, Fu X, Vaisar D, Watanabe K, Gu L. Creating Red Light-Switchable Protein Dimerization Systems as Genetically Encoded Actuators with High Specificity. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3322-3333. [PMID: 33179507 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein dimerization systems controlled by red light with increased tissue penetration depth are a highly needed tool for clinical applications such as cell and gene therapies. However, mammalian applications of existing red light-induced dimerization systems are hampered by limitations of their two components: a photosensory protein (or photoreceptor) which often requires a mammalian exogenous chromophore and a naturally occurring photoreceptor binding protein typically having a complex structure and nonideal binding properties. Here, we introduce an efficient, generalizable method (COMBINES-LID) for creating highly specific, reversible light-induced heterodimerization systems independent of any existing binders to a photoreceptor. It involves a two-step binder screen (phage display and yeast two-hybrid) of a combinatorial nanobody library to obtain binders that selectively engage a light-activated form of a photoswitchable protein or domain not the dark form. Proof-of-principle was provided by engineering nanobody-based, red light-induced dimerization (nanoReD) systems comprising a truncated bacterial phytochrome sensory module using a mammalian endogenous chromophore, biliverdin, and light-form specific nanobodies. Selected nanoReD systems were biochemically characterized, exhibiting low dark activity and high induction specificity, and further demonstrated for the reversible control of protein translocation and activation of gene expression in mice. Overall, COMBINES-LID opens new opportunities for creating genetically encoded actuators for the optical manipulation of biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zengpeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Centre for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shoukai Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Runze Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaonan Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David Vaisar
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kurumi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Liangcai Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang W, Arias DS, Deserno M, Ren X, Taylor RE. Emerging applications at the interface of DNA nanotechnology and cellular membranes: Perspectives from biology, engineering, and physics. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041507. [PMID: 33344875 PMCID: PMC7725538 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has proven exceptionally apt at probing and manipulating biological environments as it can create nanostructures of almost arbitrary shape that permit countless types of modifications, all while being inherently biocompatible. Emergent areas of particular interest are applications involving cellular membranes, but to fully explore the range of possibilities requires interdisciplinary knowledge of DNA nanotechnology, cell and membrane biology, and biophysics. In this review, we aim for a concise introduction to the intersection of these three fields. After briefly revisiting DNA nanotechnology, as well as the biological and mechanical properties of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes, we summarize strategies to mediate interactions between membranes and DNA nanostructures, with a focus on programmed delivery onto, into, and through lipid membranes. We also highlight emerging applications, including membrane sculpting, multicell self-assembly, spatial arrangement and organization of ligands and proteins, biomechanical sensing, synthetic DNA nanopores, biological imaging, and biomelecular sensing. Many critical but exciting challenges lie ahead, and we outline what strikes us as promising directions when translating DNA nanostructures for future in vitro and in vivo membrane applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - D. Sebastian Arias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Markus Deserno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Daguerre Y, Basso V, Hartmann-Wittulski S, Schellenberger R, Meyer L, Bailly J, Kohler A, Plett JM, Martin F, Veneault-Fourrey C. The mutualism effector MiSSP7 of Laccaria bicolor alters the interactions between the poplar JAZ6 protein and its associated proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20362. [PMID: 33230111 PMCID: PMC7683724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of jasmonic acid in the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions, JA-signaling components in roots of perennial trees like western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa) are poorly characterized. Here we decipher the poplar-root JA-perception complex centered on PtJAZ6, a co-repressor of JA-signaling targeted by the effector protein MiSSP7 from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor during symbiotic development. Through protein-protein interaction studies in yeast we determined the poplar root proteins interacting with PtJAZ6. Moreover, we assessed via yeast triple-hybrid how the mutualistic effector MiSSP7 reshapes the association between PtJAZ6 and its partner proteins. In the absence of the symbiotic effector, PtJAZ6 interacts with the transcription factors PtMYC2s and PtJAM1.1. In addition, PtJAZ6 interacts with it-self and with other Populus JAZ proteins. Finally, MiSSP7 strengthens the binding of PtJAZ6 to PtMYC2.1 and antagonizes PtJAZ6 homo-/heterodimerization. We conclude that a symbiotic effector secreted by a mutualistic fungus may promote the symbiotic interaction through altered dynamics of a JA-signaling-associated protein-protein interaction network, maintaining the repression of PtMYC2.1-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Daguerre
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Veronica Basso
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Sebastian Hartmann-Wittulski
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Romain Schellenberger
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Laura Meyer
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Justine Bailly
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Francis Martin
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Daguerre Y, Basso V, Hartmann-Wittulski S, Schellenberger R, Meyer L, Bailly J, Kohler A, Plett JM, Martin F, Veneault-Fourrey C. The mutualism effector MiSSP7 of Laccaria bicolor alters the interactions between the poplar JAZ6 protein and its associated proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20362. [PMID: 33230111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76832-76836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of jasmonic acid in the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions, JA-signaling components in roots of perennial trees like western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa) are poorly characterized. Here we decipher the poplar-root JA-perception complex centered on PtJAZ6, a co-repressor of JA-signaling targeted by the effector protein MiSSP7 from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor during symbiotic development. Through protein-protein interaction studies in yeast we determined the poplar root proteins interacting with PtJAZ6. Moreover, we assessed via yeast triple-hybrid how the mutualistic effector MiSSP7 reshapes the association between PtJAZ6 and its partner proteins. In the absence of the symbiotic effector, PtJAZ6 interacts with the transcription factors PtMYC2s and PtJAM1.1. In addition, PtJAZ6 interacts with it-self and with other Populus JAZ proteins. Finally, MiSSP7 strengthens the binding of PtJAZ6 to PtMYC2.1 and antagonizes PtJAZ6 homo-/heterodimerization. We conclude that a symbiotic effector secreted by a mutualistic fungus may promote the symbiotic interaction through altered dynamics of a JA-signaling-associated protein-protein interaction network, maintaining the repression of PtMYC2.1-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Daguerre
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Veronica Basso
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Sebastian Hartmann-Wittulski
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Romain Schellenberger
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Laura Meyer
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Justine Bailly
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Francis Martin
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major stresses affecting rice production worldwide, and various strategies are being employed to increase salt tolerance. Recently, there has been resurgence of interest to characterize SalTol QTL harbouring number of critical genes involved in conferring salt stress tolerance in rice. The present study reports the structure of SALT, a SalTol QTL encoded protein by X-ray crystallography (PDB ID: 5GVY; resolution 1.66 Å). Each SALT chain was bound to one mannose via 8 hydrogen bonds. Compared to previous structure reported for similar protein, our structure showed a buried surface area of 900 Å2 compared to only 240 Å2 for previous one. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data analysis showed that the predominant solution shape of SALT protein in solution is also dimer characterized by a radius of gyration and maximum linear dimension of 2.1 and 6.5 nm, respectively. The SAXS profiles and modelling confirmed that the dimeric association and relative positioning in solution matched better with our crystal structure instead of previously reported structure. Together, structural/biophysical data analysis uphold a tight dimeric structure for SALT protein with one mannose bound to each protein, which remains novel to date, as previous structures indicated one sugar unit sandwiched loosely between two protein chains.
Collapse
|
22
|
Koch D. Homo-Oligomerisation in Signal Transduction: Dynamics, Homeostasis, Ultrasensitivity, Bistability. J Theor Biol 2020; 499:110305. [PMID: 32437710 PMCID: PMC7327509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Homo-oligomerisation of proteins is a ubiquitous phenomenon whose exact role remains unclear in many cases. To identify novel functions, this paper provides an exploration of general dynamical mathematical models of homo-oligomerisation. Simulation and analysis of these models show that homo-oligomerisation on its own allows for a remarkable variety of complex dynamic and steady state regulatory behaviour such as transient overshoots or homeostatic control of monomer concentration. If post-translational modifications are considered, however, conventional mass action kinetics lead to thermodynamic inconsistencies due to asymmetric combinatorial expansion of reaction routes. Introducing a conservation principle to balance rate equations re-establishes thermodynamic consistency. Using such balanced models it is shown that oligomerisation can lead to bistability by enabling pseudo-multisite modification and kinetic pseudo-cooperativity via multi-enzyme regulation, thereby constituting a novel motif for bistable modification reactions. Due to these potential signal processing capabilities, homo-oligomerisation could play far more versatile roles in signal transduction than previously appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koch
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Transcription factors in the bHLH family are potentially relevant for tumor growth. Activation requires homodimerization or heterodimerization. Thus, the dimerization step is a likely significant drug target. The oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) is overexpressed in gliomas. Here, we developed a fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy protocol to examine 10 compounds selected using a pharmacophore-based computational strategy targeting OLIG2 dimerization. We showed that the potency to interact with OLIG2 dimerization in live cells correlates with carcinostatic efficacy. The data indicate a promising approach toward drug development targeting transcription factor overactivity and protein–protein interaction more generally. Transcription factors (TFs) are fundamental in the regulation of gene expression in the development and differentiation of cells. They may act as oncogenes and when overexpressed in tumors become plausible targets for the design of antitumor agents. Homodimerization or heterodimerization of TFs are required for DNA binding and the association interface between subunits, for the design of allosteric modulators, appears as a privileged structure for the pharmacophore-based computational strategy. Based on this strategy, a set of compounds were earlier identified as potential suppressors of OLIG2 dimerization and found to inhibit tumor growth in a mouse glioblastoma cell line and in a whole-animal study. To investigate whether the antitumor activity is due to the predicted mechanism of action, we undertook a study of OLIG2 dimerization using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) of live HEK cells transfected with 2 spectrally different OLIG2 clones. The selected compounds showed an effect with potency, which correlated with the earlier observed antitumor activity. The OLIG2 proteins showed change in diffusion time under compound treatment in line with dissociation from DNA. The data suggest a general approach of drug discovery based on the design of allosteric modulators of protein–protein interaction.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liang R, Chen X, Chen L, Wan F, Chen K, Sun Y, Zhu X. STAT3 signaling in ovarian cancer: a potential therapeutic target. J Cancer 2020; 11:837-848. [PMID: 31949487 PMCID: PMC6959025 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is thought to be a promising target for cancer therapy as STAT3 is frequently overexpressed in a wide range of cancer cells as well as clinical specimens, promoting tumor progression. It is widely accepted that STAT3 regulates a variety of cellular processes, such as tumor cell growth, survival, invasion, cancer stem cell-like characteristic, angiogenesis and drug-resistance. In this review, we focus on the role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer and discuss the existing inhibitors of STAT3 signaling that can be promisingly developed as the strategies for ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renba Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yongchu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tomazini A, Higasi P, Manzine LR, Stott M, Sparling R, Levin DB, Polikarpov I. A novel thermostable GH5 β-xylosidase from Thermogemmatispora sp. T81. N Biotechnol 2019; 53:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Oligomerization and Photo-Deoligomerization of HOOKLESS1 Controls Plant Differential Cell Growth. Dev Cell 2019; 51:78-88.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
27
|
Chen Q, Lv J, Yang W, Xu B, Wang Z, Yu Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Han Y. Targeted inhibition of STAT3 as a potential treatment strategy for atherosclerosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:6424-6442. [PMID: 31588227 PMCID: PMC6771242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has attracted more attention in recent years. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays essential roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Moreover, aberrant STAT3 activation has been shown to contribute to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the study of STAT3 inhibitors has gradually become a focal research topic. In this review, we describe the crucial roles of STAT3 in endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage polarization, inflammation, and immunity during atherosclerosis. STAT3 in mitochondria is mentioned as well. Then, we present a summary and classification of STAT3 inhibitors, which could offer potential treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we enumerate some of the problems that have interfered with the development of mature therapies utilizing STAT3 inhibitors to treat atherosclerosis. Finally, we propose ideas that may help to solve these problems to some extent. Collectively, this review may be useful for developing future STAT3 inhibitor therapies for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Spangler JB, Moraga I, Jude KM, Savvides CS, Garcia KC. A strategy for the selection of monovalent antibodies that span protein dimer interfaces. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13876-13886. [PMID: 31387945 PMCID: PMC6755802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-induced dimerization is the predominant mechanism through which secreted proteins activate cell surface receptors to transmit essential biological signals. Cytokines are a large class of soluble proteins that dimerize transmembrane receptors into precise signaling topologies, but there is a need for alternative, engineerable ligand scaffolds that specifically recognize and stabilize these protein interactions. Recombinant antibodies can potentially serve as robust and versatile platforms for cytokine complex stabilization, and their specificity allows for tunable modulation of dimerization equilibrium. Here, we devised an evolutionary strategy to isolate monovalent antibody fragments that bridge together two different receptor subunits in a cytokine-receptor complex, precisely as the receptors are disposed in their natural signaling orientations. To do this, we screened a naive antibody library against a stabilized ligand-receptor ternary complex that acted as a "molecular cast" of the natural receptor dimer conformation. Our selections elicited "stapler" single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of antibodies that specifically engage the interleukin-4 receptor heterodimer. The 3.1 Å resolution crystal structure of one such stapler revealed that, as intended, this scFv recognizes a composite epitope between the two receptors as they are positioned in the complex. Extending our approach, we evolved a stapler scFv that specifically binds to and stabilizes the interface between the interleukin-2 cytokine and one of its receptor subunits, leading to a 15-fold enhancement in interaction affinity. This demonstration that scFvs can be selected to recognize epitopes that span protein interfaces presents new opportunities to engineer structurally defined antibodies for a broad range of research and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Christina S Savvides
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Molecular mechanisms of the protein-protein interaction-regulated binding specificity of basic-region leucine zipper transcription factors. J Mol Model 2019; 25:246. [PMID: 31342181 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the DNA-binding specificity of transcription factors (TFs) is influenced by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this work, we adopted the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF family as a model system, and a workflow of combined bioinformatics and molecular modeling analysis of protein-DNA interaction was tested. First, the multiple sequence alignment and SDPsite method were used to find potential bZIP family binding specificity determining positions (SDPs) within the protein-protein interaction region. Second, the mutation system was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) free energy calculations confirmed the enhancement of the binding affinity of the mutation, which was in agreement with experimental results. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and hydrogen bonding changes suggested an open and close protein dimerization process after the system was mutated, which resulted in the change of the hydrogen bonding of the protein-DNA interface and a slight conformational change. We believe that this work will contribute to understanding the protein-protein interaction-regulated binding specificity of bZIP transcription factors.
Collapse
|
30
|
The Structural and Functional Diversity of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Transmembrane Proteins. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:273-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
31
|
Kaufhold WT, Brady RA, Tuffnell JM, Cicuta P, Di Michele L. Membrane Scaffolds Enhance the Responsiveness and Stability of DNA-Based Sensing Circuits. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1850-1859. [PMID: 30865433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will T. Kaufhold
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A. Brady
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua M. Tuffnell
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Di Michele
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Emam HE. Antimicrobial cellulosic textiles based on organic compounds. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30622867 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy body is one of the principle requirements of human beings, but the highly rated growth of harmful pathogens has challenged researchers for investigation of antimicrobial reagents. Infection of textile materials is a result of microbial adherence on the surface, and it is one of the vital clinical complications, which causes a high rate of mortality. New challenges as well as new opportunities in manufacturing of antimicrobial cellulosic textiles are the future concerns for textile and apparel industry. The major applications of antimicrobial textile could be ascribed according consumer demands, represented in more comfort, easy care, health, and durable to laundering. Such numerous properties could be achieved by the development of innovative methodologies with various finishing agents. Thus, the current review introduced an overview for the application of recent organic antimicrobial reagents in cellulosic textile finishing. The organic reagents are classified into two main categories; natural (chitosan, cyclodextrins and natural dyes) and synthetic (quaternary ammonium salts, triclosan, halogenated phenols and metal organic frameworks). The interaction between cellulose and such reagents, biological action mechanisms and factors affecting biocidal actions are all presented. For improvement of the durability and mechanical properties, pre-activation of cellulosic textile or using of cross-linkers is properly performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic based Textiles, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rapamycin-inspired macrocycles with new target specificity. Nat Chem 2018; 11:254-263. [PMID: 30532015 PMCID: PMC6435255 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin and FK506 are macrocyclic natural products with an extraordinary mode of action—they form binary complexes with FKBP through a shared FKBP-binding domain before forming ternary complexes with their respective targets, mTOR and calcineurin, respectively. Inspired by this, we sought to build a rapamycin-like macromolecule library to target new cellular proteins by replacing the effector domain of rapamycin with a combinatorial library of oligopeptides. We developed a robust macrocyclization method using ring-closing metathesis and synthesized a 45,000-compound library of hybrid macrocycles that are named rapafucins using optimized FKBP-binding domains. Screening of the rapafucin library in human cells led to the discovery of rapadocin, an inhibitor of nucleoside uptake. Rapadocin is a potent, isoform-specific and FKBP-dependent inhibitor of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and is efficacious in an animal model of kidney ischemia reperfusion injury. Together, these results demonstrate that rapafucins are a new class of chemical probes and drug leads that can expand the repertoire of protein targets well beyond mTOR and calcineurin.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vyacheslavova AO, Abdeeva IA, Piruzian ES, Bruskin SA. Protein interference for regulation of gene expression in plants. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a central role in the gene regulation associated with a plant's development and its response to the environmental factors. The work of TFs is well regulated at each stage of their activities. TFs usually consist of three protein domains required for DNA binding, dimerization, and transcriptional regulation. Alternative splicing (AS) produces multiple proteins with varying composition of domains. Recent studies have shown that AS of some TF genes form small proteins (small interfering peptide/small interfering protein, siPEP/siPRoT), which lack one or more domains and negatively regulate target TFs by the mechanism of protein interference (peptide interference/protein interference, PEPi/PROTi). The presence of an alternative form for the transcription factor CCA1 of Arabidopsis thaliana, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the response to cold stress. For the PtFLC protein, one of the isoforms was found, which is formed as a result of alternative splicing and acts as a negative repressor, binding to the full-length TF PtFLC and therefore regulating the development of the Poncirus trifoliata. For A. thaliana, a FLM gene was found forming the FLM-б isoform, which acts as a dominant negative regulator and stimulates the development of the flower formation process due to the formation of a heterodimer with SVP TF. Small interfering peptides and proteins can actively participate in the regulation of gene expression, for example, in situations of stress or at different stages of plant development. Moreover, small interfering peptides and proteins can be used as a tool for fundamental research on the function of genes as well as for applied research for permanent or temporary knockout of genes. In this review, we have demonstrated recent studies related to siPEP/siPROT and their involvement in the response to various stresses, as well as possible ways to obtain small proteins.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen X, Zheng Q, Li W, Lu Y, Ni Y, Ma L, Fu Y. SOX5 induces lung adenocarcinoma angiogenesis by inducing the expression of VEGF through STAT3 signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5733-5741. [PMID: 30254466 PMCID: PMC6140741 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s176533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Angiogenesis is the main cause of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sex-determining region Y-box protein 5 (SOX5) expression on angiogenesis of LAC and explore its possible mechanism. Patients and methods The effect on angiogenesis was tested by tube formation assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells cocultured with A549 cells. Lentivirus shRNA of SOX5 and lentivirus of SOX5 overexpression system were used to establish LAC cell lines, which expressed SOX5 of different levels. SOX5 downstream signaling targets were analyzed by real-time qPCR and Western blot. We collected 90 LAC cases and the tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry for SOX5 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results We found that SOX5 overexpression in A549 cells significantly promoted tube formation capacity of the cocultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. SOX5 increased VEGF expression and signal transducer activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation; however, SOX5 had no effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway. Furthermore, the expression of SOX5 and VEGF had a significantly positive correlation (r=0.399, P=0.001) according to the tissue microarray data. Conclusion These findings suggest that SOX5 induces angiogenesis by activating signal transducer activator of transcription 3/VEGF signaling and confer its candidacy as a potential therapeutic target in LAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China,
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China,
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China,
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China,
| | - Yiming Ni
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China,
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China,
| | - Yufei Fu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Gastro-Intestinal Pathophysiology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P. R. China,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Daniela Hoffmann
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Synthetic Biology Group; Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB) and Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant); University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Felix Bubeck
- Synthetic Biology Group; Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB) and Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant); University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Synthetic Biology Group; Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB) and Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant); University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Digital Health Center; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-University Medicine Berlin; 10117 Berlin Germany
- Health Data Science Unit; University Hospital Heidelberg; 10117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dominik Niopek
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Synthetic Biology Group; Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB) and Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant); University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
White CJ, Bode JW. PEGylation and Dimerization of Expressed Proteins under Near Equimolar Conditions with Potassium 2-Pyridyl Acyltrifluoroborates. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:197-206. [PMID: 29532019 PMCID: PMC5833003 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The covalent conjugation of large, functionalized molecules remains a frontier in synthetic chemistry, as it requires rapid, chemoselective reactions. The potassium acyltrifluoroborate (KAT)-hydroxylamine amide-forming ligation shows promise for conjugations of biomolecules under aqueous, acidic conditions, but the variants reported to date are not suited to ligations at micromolar concentrations. We now report that 2-pyridyl KATs display significantly enhanced ligation kinetics over their aryl counterparts. Following their facile, one-step incorporation onto the termini of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, we show that 2-pyridyl KATs can be applied to the construction of protein-polymer conjugates in excellent (>95%) yield. Four distinct expressed, folded proteins equipped with a hydroxylamine could be PEGylated with 2-20 kDa 2-pyridyl mPEG KATs in high yield and with near-equimolar amounts of coupling partners. Furthermore, the use of a bis 2-pyridyl PEG KAT enables the covalent homodimerization of proteins with good conversion. The 2-pyridyl KAT ligation offers an effective alternative to conventional protein-polymer conjugation by operating under aqueous acidic conditions well suited for the handling of folded proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. White
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Visualization and quantification of dynamic STAT3 homodimerization in living cells using homoFluoppi. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2385. [PMID: 29402895 PMCID: PMC5799161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimerization in signal transduction is a dynamically regulated process and a key regulatory mechanism. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dimerizes after tyrosine phosphorylation upon cytokine stimulation. Because only the STAT3 dimer possesses the trans-activation activity, dimerization is an indispensable process for cytokine signaling. Here we report the detection of dynamic STAT3 dimerization in living cells using the homoFluoppi system. This method allowed us to validate the presence of an intact Src homology 2 domain and STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation, which facilitate puncta formation and homodimerization. Puncta formation was reversible, as determined by a decreased punctate signal after washout of oncostatin M. We analyzed STAT3 mutants, which have been reported in patients with hyper IgE syndrome and inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (IHCA). Analysis of the IHCA mutants using homoFluoppi revealed constitutive activity independent of cytokine stimulation and novel insight into kinetics of dimer dissociation process. Next, we used homoFluoppi to screen for inhibitors of STAT3 dimerization, and identified 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene as a novel inhibitor. The results of this study show that homoFluoppi is a useful research tool for the analysis of proteins like STAT3 that dynamically dimerize, and is applicable for the screening of dimerization modulators.
Collapse
|
39
|
Targeting Intramembrane Protein-Protein Interactions: Novel Therapeutic Strategy of Millions Years Old. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 111:61-99. [PMID: 29459036 PMCID: PMC7102818 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intramembrane protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in transmembrane signal transduction mediated by cell surface receptors and play an important role in health and disease. Recently, receptor-specific modulatory peptides rationally designed using a general platform of transmembrane signaling, the signaling chain homooligomerization (SCHOOL) model, have been proposed to therapeutically target these interactions in a variety of serious diseases with unmet needs including cancer, sepsis, arthritis, retinopathy, and thrombosis. These peptide drug candidates use ligand-independent mechanisms of action (SCHOOL mechanisms) and demonstrate potent efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies surprisingly revealed that in order to modify and/or escape the host immune response, human viruses use similar mechanisms and modulate cell surface receptors by targeting intramembrane PPIs in a ligand-independent manner. Here, I review these intriguing mechanistic similarities and discuss how the viral strategies optimized over a billion years of the coevolution of viruses and their hosts can help to revolutionize drug discovery science and develop new, disruptive therapies. Examples are given.
Collapse
|
40
|
Maziarz M, Garcia-Marcos M. Rapid kinetic BRET measurements to monitor G protein activation by GPCR and non-GPCR proteins. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 142:145-157. [PMID: 28964333 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are central hubs of signal transduction whose activity is controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as well as by a complex network of regulatory proteins. Recently, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays have been used to monitor real-time activation of heterotrimeric G proteins in cells. Here we describe the use of a previously established BRET assay to monitor G protein activation upon GPCR stimulation and its adaptation to measure G protein activation by non-GPCR proteins, such as by cytoplasmic guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) like GIV/Girdin. The BRET assay monitors the release of free Gβγ from Gα-Gβγ heterotrimers as a readout of G protein activation, which is readily observable upon agonist stimulation of GPCRs. To control the signal input for non-GPCR activators, we describe the use of a chemically induced dimerization strategy to promote rapid membrane translocation of proteins containing the Gα-binding and -activating (GBA) motif found in some nonreceptor GEFs. The assay described here allows the kinetic measurement of G protein activation with subsecond temporal resolution and to compare the levels of activation induced by GPCR agonists vs those induced by the membrane recruitment of nonreceptor G protein signaling activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maziarz
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shi W, Yan D, Zhao C, Xiao M, Wang Y, Ma H, Liu T, Qin H, Zhang C, Li C, Lin J, Li S, Lv J, Lin L. Inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in human cancer cells using Evista. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:159-165. [PMID: 28711499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway has been frequently detected in human cancer including breast cancer, colon cancer and multiple myeloma. IL-6/STAT3 can be a promising target for cancer prevent and treatment. However, few STAT3 inhibitors with high efficiency, specificity and safety is available for present clinical cancer therapy. Evista (Raloxifene·HCl) is known as selective estrogen receptor modulator which has been used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and was approved for reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer. Our previous study found that Raloxifene inhibited IL-6/GP130 interaction, resulting in blockade of STAT3 phosphorylation. In our present study, we examined the effect on IL-6/GP130/STAT3 signaling pathway and cancer cell viability with Evista. We first demonstrated Evista inhibited constitutive activation of STAT3 in breast cancer cell line MDB-MB-231, colon cancer cell line HCT116 and multiple myeloma cancer cell line U266. Evista also inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by IL-6 in MCF-7, HT29 and MM.1S cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis was exerted in MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and U266 as evidenced by increased caspase-3 cleavage. However, Evista did not inhibit STAT1, STAT2, STAT4 or STAT6 phosphorylation elicited by IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-4, nor phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by LIF in MCF-7 cell lines. Evista attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation, decreased STAT3 transcriptional activity but much less in pGL3 and AP1 transcriptional luciferase activity, and decreased cell viability in vitro. These results suggest that it may be possible for Evista to emerge as a chemoprevention agent for breast cancer and other cancers such as colon cancer or multiple myeoloma by targeting IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dan Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chongqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Division of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Xiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yina Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hua Qin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The induced dimerization of two distinct receptors through a heterobifunctional inducer is prevalent among all levels of cellular signaling processes, yet its complexity poses difficulty for systematic quantitative analysis. This paper first shows how to calculate the amount of any possible complex or monomer of heteroligand and two receptors present at equilibrium. The theory is subsequently applied to the determination of three independent equilibrium parameters involved in the rapamycin induced FKBP and FRB dimerization, in which all parameters were simultaneously estimated using one set of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. A MATLAB script is provided for parametric fitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ho CCM, Chhabra A, Starkl P, Schnorr PJ, Wilmes S, Moraga I, Kwon HS, Gaudenzio N, Sibilano R, Wehrman TS, Gakovic M, Sockolosky JT, Tiffany MR, Ring AM, Piehler J, Weissman IL, Galli SJ, Shizuru JA, Garcia KC. Decoupling the Functional Pleiotropy of Stem Cell Factor by Tuning c-Kit Signaling. Cell 2017; 168:1041-1052.e18. [PMID: 28283060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most secreted growth factors and cytokines are functionally pleiotropic because their receptors are expressed on diverse cell types. While important for normal mammalian physiology, pleiotropy limits the efficacy of cytokines and growth factors as therapeutics. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a growth factor that acts through the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase to elicit hematopoietic progenitor expansion but can be toxic when administered in vivo because it concurrently activates mast cells. We engineered a mechanism-based SCF partial agonist that impaired c-Kit dimerization, truncating downstream signaling amplitude. This SCF variant elicited biased activation of hematopoietic progenitors over mast cells in vitro and in vivo. Mouse models of SCF-mediated anaphylaxis, radioprotection, and hematopoietic expansion revealed that this SCF partial agonist retained therapeutic efficacy while exhibiting virtually no anaphylactic off-target effects. The approach of biasing cell activation by tuning signaling thresholds and outputs has applications to many dimeric receptor-ligand systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chi M Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Akanksha Chhabra
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philipp Starkl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter-John Schnorr
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabruck, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hye-Sook Kwon
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tom S Wehrman
- Primity Bio, 48383 Fremont Blvd, Suite 118, Fremont, CA 94538, USA
| | - Milica Gakovic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan T Sockolosky
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew R Tiffany
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron M Ring
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabruck, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Judith A Shizuru
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen M, Peters A, Huang T, Nan X. Ras Dimer Formation as a New Signaling Mechanism and Potential Cancer Therapeutic Target. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:391-403. [PMID: 26423697 PMCID: PMC5421135 DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666151001152212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The K-, N-, and HRas small GTPases are key regulators of cell physiology and are frequently mutated in human cancers. Despite intensive research, previous efforts to target hyperactive Ras based on known mechanisms of Ras signaling have been met with little success. Several studies have provided compelling evidence for the existence and biological relevance of Ras dimers, establishing a new mechanism for regulating Ras activity in cells additionally to GTP-loading and membrane localization. Existing data also start to reveal how Ras proteins dimerize on the membrane. We propose a dimer model to describe Ras-mediated effector activation, which contrasts existing models of Ras signaling as a monomer or as a 5-8 membered multimer. We also discuss potential implications of this model in both basic and translational Ras biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine (OCSSB), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peri-Naor R, Motiei L, Margulies D. Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768030 DOI: 10.3791/54396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways, which control the response of cells to various environmental signals, are mediated by the function of signaling proteins that interact with each other and activate one other with high specificity. Synthetic agents that mimic the function of these proteins might therefore be used to generate unnatural signal transduction steps and consequently, alter the cell's function. We present guidelines for designing 'chemical transducers' that can induce artificial communication between native proteins. In addition, we present detailed protocols for synthesizing and testing a specific 'transducer', which can induce communication between two unrelated proteins: platelet-derived growth-factor (PDGF) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The way by which this unnatural PDGF-GST communication could be used to control the cleavage of an anticancer prodrug is also presented, indicating the potential for using such systems in 'artificial signal transduction therapy'. This work is intended to facilitate developing additional 'transducers' of this class, which may be used to mediate intracellular protein-protein communication and consequently, to induce artificial cell signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Peri-Naor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Leila Motiei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chemical shift imprint of intersubunit communication in a symmetric homodimer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9533-8. [PMID: 27466406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604748113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric communication is critical for protein function and cellular homeostasis, and it can be exploited as a strategy for drug design. However, unlike many protein-ligand interactions, the structural basis for the long-range communication that underlies allostery is not well understood. This lack of understanding is most evident in the case of classical allostery, in which a binding event in one protomer is sensed by a second symmetric protomer. A primary reason why study of interdomain signaling is challenging in oligomeric proteins is the difficulty in characterizing intermediate, singly bound species. Here, we use an NMR approach to isolate and characterize a singly ligated state ("lig1") of a homodimeric enzyme that is otherwise obscured by rapid exchange with apo and saturated forms. Mixed labeled dimers were prepared that simultaneously permit full population of the lig1 state and isotopic labeling of either protomer. Direct visualization of peaks from lig1 yielded site-specific ligand-state multiplets that provide a convenient format for assessing mechanisms of intersubunit communication from a variety of NMR measurements. We demonstrate this approach on thymidylate synthase from Escherichia coli, a homodimeric enzyme known to be half-the-sites reactive. Resolving the dUMP1 state shows that active site communication occurs not upon the first dUMP binding, but upon the second. Surprisingly, for many sites, dUMP1 peaks are found beyond the limits set by apo and dUMP2 peaks, indicating that binding the first dUMP pushes the enzyme ensemble to further conformational extremes than the apo or saturated forms. The approach used here should be generally applicable to homodimers.
Collapse
|
47
|
Nemchinov LG, Boutanaev AM, Postnikova OA. Virus-induced gene silencing of the RPC5-like subunit of RNA polymerase III caused pleiotropic effects in Nicotiana benthamiana. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27785. [PMID: 27282827 PMCID: PMC4901293 DOI: 10.1038/srep27785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, RNA polymerase III is highly conserved and transcribes housekeeping genes such as ribosomal 5S rRNA, tRNA and other small RNAs. The RPC5-like subunit is one of the 17 subunits forming RNAPIII and its exact functional roles in the transcription are poorly understood. In this work, we report that virus-induced gene silencing of transcripts encoding a putative RPC5-like subunit of the RNA Polymerase III in a model species Nicotiana benthamiana had pleiotropic effects, including but not limited to severe dwarfing appearance, chlorosis, nearly complete reduction of internodes and abnormal leaf shape. Using transcriptomic analysis, we identified genes and pathways affected by RPC5 silencing and thus presumably related to the cellular roles of the subunit as well as to the downstream cascade of reactions in response to partial loss of RNA Polymerase III function. Our results suggest that silencing of the RPC5L in N. benthamiana disrupted not only functions commonly associated with the core RNA Polymerase III transcripts, but also more diverse cellular processes, including responses to stress. We believe this is the first demonstration that activity of the RPC5 subunit is critical for proper functionality of RNA Polymerase III and normal plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lev G. Nemchinov
- USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville MD 20705, USA
| | - Alexander M. Boutanaev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Institute Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142292, Russia
| | - Olga A. Postnikova
- USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville MD 20705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Isakova A, Berset Y, Hatzimanikatis V, Deplancke B. Quantification of Cooperativity in Heterodimer-DNA Binding Improves the Accuracy of Binding Specificity Models. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10293-306. [PMID: 26912662 PMCID: PMC4858977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many transcription factors (TFs) have the ability to cooperate on DNA elements as heterodimers. Despite the significance of TF heterodimerization for gene regulation, a quantitative understanding of cooperativity between various TF dimer partners and its impact on heterodimer DNA binding specificity models is still lacking. Here, we used a novel integrative approach, combining microfluidics-steered measurements of dimer-DNA assembly with mechanistic modeling of the implicated protein-protein-DNA interactions to quantitatively interrogate the cooperative DNA binding behavior of the adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ):retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) heterodimer. Using the high throughput MITOMI (mechanically induced trapping of molecular interactions) platform, we derived equilibrium DNA binding data for PPARγ, RXRα, as well as the PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer to more than 300 target DNA sites and variants thereof. We then quantified cooperativity underlying heterodimer-DNA binding and derived an integrative heterodimer DNA binding constant. Using this cooperativity-inclusive constant, we were able to build a heterodimer-DNA binding specificity model that has superior predictive power than the one based on a regular one-site equilibrium. Our data further revealed that individual nucleotide substitutions within the target site affect the extent of cooperativity in PPARγ:RXRα-DNA binding. Our study therefore emphasizes the importance of assessing cooperativity when generating DNA binding specificity models for heterodimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Isakova
- From the Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Berset
- From the Institute of Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vassily Hatzimanikatis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- From the Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lancia JK, Nwokoye A, Dugan A, Joiner C, Pricer R, Mapp AK. Sequence context and crosslinking mechanism affect the efficiency of in vivo capture of a protein-protein interaction. Biopolymers 2016; 101:391-7. [PMID: 24037947 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for implementing cellular processes and thus methods for the discovery and study of PPIs are highly desirable. An emerging method for capturing PPIs in their native cellular environment is in vivo covalent chemical capture, a method that uses nonsense suppression to site specifically incorporate photoactivable unnatural amino acids (UAAs) in living cells. However, in one study we found that this method did not capture a PPI for which there was abundant functional evidence, a complex formed between the transcriptional activator Gal4 and its repressor protein Gal80. Here we describe the factors that influence the success of covalent chemical capture and show that the innate reactivity of the two UAAs utilized, (p-benzoylphenylalanine (pBpa) and p-azidophenylalanine (pAzpa)), plays a profound role in the capture of Gal80 by Gal4. Based upon these data, guidelines are outlined for the successful use of in vivo photo-crosslinking to capture novel PPIs and to characterize the interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody K Lancia
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Differential localization of A-Raf regulates MST2-mediated apoptosis during epithelial differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1283-95. [PMID: 26891695 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A-Raf belongs to the family of oncogenic Raf kinases that are involved in mitogenic signaling by activating the MEK-ERK pathway. Low kinase activity of A-Raf toward MEK suggested that A-Raf might have alternative functions. We recently identified A-Raf as a potent inhibitor of the proapoptotic mammalian sterile 20-like kinase (MST2) tumor suppressor pathway in several cancer entities including head and neck, colon, and breast. Independent of kinase activity, A-Raf binds to MST2 thereby efficiently inhibiting apoptosis. Here, we show that the interaction of A-Raf with the MST2 pathway is regulated by subcellular compartmentalization. Although in proliferating normal cells and tumor cells A-Raf localizes to the mitochondria, differentiated non-carcinogenic cells of head and neck epithelia, which express A-Raf at the plasma membrane. The constitutive or induced re-localization of A-Raf to the plasma membrane compromises its ability to efficiently sequester and inactivate MST2, thus rendering cells susceptible to apoptosis. Physiologically, A-Raf re-localizes to the plasma membrane upon epithelial differentiation in vivo. This re-distribution is regulated by the scaffold protein kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (KSR2). Downregulation of KSR2 during mammary epithelial cell differentiation or siRNA-mediated knockdown re-localizes A-Raf to the plasma membrane causing the release of MST2. By using the MCF7 cell differentiation system, we could demonstrate that overexpression of A-Raf in MCF7 cells, which induces differentiation. Our findings offer a new paradigm to understand how differential localization of Raf complexes affects diverse signaling functions in normal cells and carcinomas.
Collapse
|