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Bennett GM, Kwak Y, Maynard R. Endosymbioses Have Shaped the Evolution of Biological Diversity and Complexity Time and Time Again. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae112. [PMID: 38813885 PMCID: PMC11154151 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Life on Earth comprises prokaryotes and a broad assemblage of endosymbioses. The pages of Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution have provided an essential window into how these endosymbiotic interactions have evolved and shaped biological diversity. Here, we provide a current perspective on this knowledge by drawing on decades of revelatory research published in Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution, and insights from the field at large. The accumulated work illustrates how endosymbioses provide hosts with novel phenotypes that allow them to transition between adaptive landscapes to access environmental resources. Such endosymbiotic relationships have shaped and reshaped life on Earth. The early serial establishment of mitochondria and chloroplasts through endosymbioses permitted massive upscaling of cellular energetics, multicellularity, and terrestrial planetary greening. These endosymbioses are also the foundation upon which all later ones are built, including everything from land-plant endosymbioses with fungi and bacteria to nutritional endosymbioses found in invertebrate animals. Common evolutionary mechanisms have shaped this broad range of interactions. Endosymbionts generally experience adaptive and stochastic genome streamlining, the extent of which depends on several key factors (e.g. mode of transmission). Hosts, in contrast, adapt complex mechanisms of resource exchange, cellular integration and regulation, and genetic support mechanisms to prop up degraded symbionts. However, there are significant differences between endosymbiotic interactions not only in how partners have evolved with each other but also in the scope of their influence on biological diversity. These differences are important considerations for predicting how endosymbioses will persist and adapt to a changing planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Bennett
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- National Science Foundation Biological Integration Institute—INSITE, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Younghwan Kwak
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- National Science Foundation Biological Integration Institute—INSITE, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Reo Maynard
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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de Leon V, Orr K, Stelinski LL, Mandadi K, Ibanez-Carrasco F. Inoculation of Tomato With Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Affects the Tomato-Potato Psyllid-Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum Interactions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:379-388. [PMID: 36723158 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in southern Texas is well-suited for vegetable production due to its relatively mild/warm weather conditions in the fall and winter. Consequently, insects inflict year-round, persistent damage to crops in the RGV and regions with similar climate. Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), commonly known as the potato psyllid, is a known vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) (Hyphomicrobiales: Rhizobiaceae), a fastidious phloem-limited bacterium associated to vein-greening in tomatoes and Zebra Chip in potatoes. Vector control is the primary approach of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that aim to prevent plant diseases in commercial agricultural systems. However, resistance-selective pressures that decrease the effectiveness of chemical control (insecticide) applications over time are of increasing concern. Therefore, we explore an ecological approach to devising alternative IPM methodologies to manage the psyllid-transmitted CLso pathogen to supplement existing chemical products and application schedules without increasing resistance. In this study, our objective was to examine the effects of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on host-vector-pathogen interactions. Soil-drench applications of PGPRs to Solanum lycopersicum (Solanales: Solanaceae) seedlings revealed structural and possible physiological changes to the plant host and indirect changes on psyllid behavior: host plants had increased length and biomass of roots and exhibited delayed colonization by CLso, while psyllids displayed changes in parental (F0) psyllid behavior (orientation and oviposition) in response to treated hosts and in the sex ratio of their progeny (F1). Based on our results, we suggest that PGPR may have practical use in commercial tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria de Leon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
| | - Katharine Orr
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Kranthi Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, 496 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Freddy Ibanez-Carrasco
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Minnie Bell Heep Center, Suite 412, 2475 TAMU, 370 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Meena M, Nagda A, Mehta T, Yadav G, Sonigra P. Mechanistic basis of the symbiotic signaling pathway between the host and the pathogen. PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTION - RECENT ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES 2023:375-387. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91875-6.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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Ghantasala S, Roy Choudhury S. Nod factor perception: an integrative view of molecular communication during legume symbiosis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:485-509. [PMID: 36040570 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compatible interaction between rhizobial Nod factors and host receptors enables initial recognition and signaling events during legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Molecular communication is a new paradigm of information relay, which uses chemical signals or molecules as dialogues for communication and has been witnessed in prokaryotes, plants as well as in animal kingdom. Understanding this fascinating relay of signals between plants and rhizobia during the establishment of a synergistic relationship for biological nitrogen fixation represents one of the hotspots in plant biology research. Predominantly, their interaction is initiated by flavonoids exuding from plant roots, which provokes changes in the expression profile of rhizobial genes. Compatible interactions promote the secretion of Nod factors (NFs) from rhizobia, which are recognised by cognate host receptors. Perception of NFs by host receptors initiates the symbiosis and ultimately leads to the accommodation of rhizobia within root nodules via a series of mutual exchange of signals. This review elucidates the bacterial and plant perspectives during the early stages of symbiosis, explicitly emphasizing the significance of NFs and their cognate NF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ghantasala
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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Bhupenchandra I, Basumatary A, Choudhary AK, Kumar A, Sarkar D, Chongtham SK, Singh AH, Devi EL, Bora SS, Salam MD, Sahoo MR, Gudade BA, Kumar A, Devi SH, Gogoi B, Harish MN, Gupta G, Olivia LC, Devi YP, Sarika K, Thapa S, Rajawat MVS. Elucidating the impact of boron fertilization on soil physico-chemical and biological entities under cauliflower-cowpea-okra cropping system in an Eastern Himalayan acidic Inceptisol. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:996220. [PMID: 36419419 PMCID: PMC9676249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the role of boron (B) on soil physico-chemical and biological entities is scarce, and the precise mechanism in soil is still obscure. Present field investigation aimed to assessing the implication of direct and residual effect of graded levels of applied-B on soil biological entities and its concomitant impact on crop productivity. The treatments comprised of five graded levels of B with four replications. To assess the direct effect of B-fertilization, cauliflower was grown as a test crop wherein, B-fertilization was done every year. For assessment of succeeding residual effects of B-fertilization, cowpea and okra were grown as test crops and, B-fertilization was phased out in both crops. The 100% recommended dose of NPK (RDF) along with FYM was uniformly applied to all crops under CCOCS. Results indicated that the direct effect of B had the edge over residual effect of B in affecting soil physico-chemical and biological entities under CCOCS. Amongst the graded levels of B, application of the highest B level (2 kg ha–1) was most prominent in augmenting microbiological pools in soil at different crop growth stages. The order of B treatments in respect of MBC, MBN, and soil respiration at different crop growth stages was 2.0 kg B ha–1 > 1.5 kg B ha–1 > 1.0 kg B ha–1 > 0.5 kg B ha–1 > 0 kg B ha–1, respectively. Moreover, maximum recoveries of potentially mineralizable-C (PMC) and potentially mineralizable-N (PMN) were noticed under 2 kg B ha–1. Analogous trend was recorded in soil microbial populations at different crop growth stages. Similarly, escalating B levels up to 2 kg B ha–1 exhibited significantly greater soil enzymatic activities viz., arylsulphatase (AS), dehydrogenase (DH), fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and phosphomonoesterase (PMA), except urease enzyme (UE) which showed an antagonistic effect of applied-B in soil. Greater geometric mean enzyme activity (GMEA) and soil functional diversity index were recorded under 2 kg B ha–1 in CCOCS, at all crop growth stages over control. The inclusive results indicated that different soil physico-chemical and biological properties CCOCS can be invariably improved by the application of graded levels of B up to 2 kg B ha–1 in an acid Inceptisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- ICAR-KVK Tamenglong, Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Research Complex for North–Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Anjali Basumatary
- Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Anil K. Choudhary
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of Crop Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
- Anil K. Choudhary,
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, India
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Chongtham
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Agricultural Engineering and Post Harvest Technology, Central Agricultural University, Ranipool, Sikkim, India
| | | | | | - S. S. Bora
- Regional Research Station, Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Spices Board, Tadong, Gangtok, India
| | - Menaka Devi Salam
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bharat A. Gudade
- Regional Research Station, Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Spices Board, Tadong, Gangtok, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- ICAR RC for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Soibam Helena Devi
- Department of Crop Physiology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Bhabesh Gogoi
- Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - M. N. Harish
- Farm Science Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaurendra Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Leitam Chanu Olivia
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India
| | | | - Konsam Sarika
- ICAR RC for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Shobit Thapa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, India
| | - Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, India
- *Correspondence: Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat,
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Mataranyika PN, Chimwamurombe PM, Venturi V, Uzabakiriho JD. Bacterial bioinoculants adapted for sustainable plant health and soil fertility enhancement in Namibia. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in dryland agriculture elicits the need to develop sustainable practices that improve crop yield and protect soil fertility. The use of biofertilisers adapted to nutrient deficient soils and arid climates would help achieve this. In this review, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria is explored as a possible solution to the current state of dryland agriculture and climate change threats to agriculture. Plant microbe interactions form the basis of this review as evidence has shown that these interactions often exist to improve the health of plants. This is achieved by the production of important biochemicals and enzymes like indole acetic acid and amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase while also actively protecting plants from pathogens including fungal pathogens. Research, therefore, has shown that these plant-growth promoting bacteria may be exploited and developed into biofertilisers. These biofertilisers are both economically and environmentally sustainable while improving soil quality and crop yield. The literature presented in this review is in context of the Namibian climate and soil profiles.
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Upadhyay SK, Srivastava AK, Rajput VD, Chauhan PK, Bhojiya AA, Jain D, Chaubey G, Dwivedi P, Sharma B, Minkina T. Root Exudates: Mechanistic Insight of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Crop Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:916488. [PMID: 35910633 PMCID: PMC9329127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The breaking silence between the plant roots and microorganisms in the rhizosphere affects plant growth and physiology by impacting biochemical, molecular, nutritional, and edaphic factors. The components of the root exudates are associated with the microbial population, notably, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The information accessible to date demonstrates that PGPR is specific to the plant's roots. However, inadequate information is accessible for developing bio-inoculation/bio-fertilizers for the crop in concern, with satisfactory results at the field level. There is a need to explore the perfect candidate PGPR to meet the need for plant growth and yield. The functions of PGPR and their chemotaxis mobility toward the plant root are triggered by the cluster of genes induced by the components of root exudates. Some reports have indicated the benefit of root exudates in plant growth and productivity, yet a methodical examination of rhizosecretion and its consequences in phytoremediation have not been made. In the light of the afore-mentioned facts, in the present review, the mechanistic insight and recent updates on the specific PGPR recruitment to improve crop production at the field level are methodically addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | | | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Prabhat K. Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Ali Asger Bhojiya
- Department of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India
| | - Devendra Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, India
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Alías-Villegas C, Fuentes-Romero F, Cuéllar V, Navarro-Gómez P, Soto MJ, Vinardell JM, Acosta-Jurado S. Surface Motility Regulation of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 by Plant Flavonoids and the NodD1, TtsI, NolR, and MucR1 Symbiotic Bacterial Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7698. [PMID: 35887044 PMCID: PMC9316994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can spread on surfaces to colonize new environments and access more resources. Rhizobia, a group of α- and β-Proteobacteria, establish nitrogen-fixing symbioses with legumes that rely on a complex signal interchange between the partners. Flavonoids exuded by plant roots and the bacterial transcriptional activator NodD control the transcription of different rhizobial genes (the so-called nod regulon) and, together with additional bacterial regulatory proteins (such as TtsI, MucR or NolR), influence the production of different rhizobial molecular signals. In Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, flavonoids and NodD have a negative effect on exopolysaccharide production and biofilm production. Since biofilm formation and motility are often inversely regulated, we have analysed whether flavonoids may influence the translocation of S. fredii HH103 on surfaces. We show that the presence of nod gene-inducing flavonoids does not affect swimming but promotes a mode of surface translocation, which involves both flagella-dependent and -independent mechanisms. This surface motility is regulated in a flavonoid-NodD1-TtsI-dependent manner, relies on the assembly of the symbiotic type 3 secretion system (T3SS), and involves the participation of additional modulators of the nod regulon (NolR and MucR1). To our knowledge, this is the first evidence indicating the participation of T3SS in surface motility in a plant-interacting bacterium. Interestingly, flavonoids acting as nod-gene inducers also participate in the inverse regulation of surface motility and biofilm formation, which could contribute to a more efficient plant colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alías-Villegas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Junta de Andalucía, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Francisco Fuentes-Romero
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.F.-R.); (P.N.-G.)
| | - Virginia Cuéllar
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Departamento de Biotecnología y Protección Ambiental, 18008 Granada, Spain; (V.C.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Pilar Navarro-Gómez
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.F.-R.); (P.N.-G.)
| | - María J. Soto
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Departamento de Biotecnología y Protección Ambiental, 18008 Granada, Spain; (V.C.); (M.J.S.)
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.F.-R.); (P.N.-G.)
| | - Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Junta de Andalucía, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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Vaghela P, Das AK, Trivedi K, Anand KV, Shinde P, Ghosh A. Characterization and metabolomics profiling of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed extract. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Ling S, Zhao Y, Sun S, Zheng D, Sun X, Zeng R, Chen D, Song Y. Enhanced anti-herbivore defense of tomato plants against Spodoptera litura by their rhizosphere bacteria. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:254. [PMID: 35606741 PMCID: PMC9128215 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of beneficial microorganisms as an alternative for pest control has gained increasing attention. The objective of this study was to screen beneficial rhizosphere bacteria with the ability to enhance tomato anti-herbivore resistance. RESULTS Rhizosphere bacteria in tomato field from Fuqing, one of the four locations where rhizosphere bacteria were collected in Fujian, China, enhanced tomato resistance against the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura, an important polyphagous pest. Inoculation with the isolate T6-4 obtained from the rhizosphere of tomato field in Fuqing reduced leaf damage and weight gain of S. litura larvae fed on the leaves of inoculated tomato plants by 27% in relative to control. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identities indicated that the isolate T6-4 was closely related to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila supported with 99.37% sequence similarity. In the presence of S. litura infestation, inoculation with the bacterium led to increases by a 66.9% increase in protease inhibitor activity, 53% in peroxidase activity and 80% in polyphenol oxidase activity in the leaves of inoculated plants as compared to the un-inoculated control. Moreover, the expression levels of defense-related genes encoding allene oxide cyclase (AOC), allene oxide synthase (AOS), lipoxygenase D (LOXD) and proteinase inhibitor (PI-II) in tomato leaves were induced 2.2-, 1.7-, 1.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively by T6-4 inoculation. CONCLUSION These results showed that the tomato rhizosphere soils harbor beneficial bacteria that can systemically induce jasmonate-dependent anti-herbivore resistance in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Ling
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Crop Resistance and Chemical Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Resistance and Chemical Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shaozhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Institute of Crop Resistance and Chemical Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Institute of Crop Resistance and Chemical Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Institute of Crop Resistance and Chemical Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Institute of Crop Resistance and Chemical Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Institute of Crop Resistance and Chemical Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Shah AZ, Ma C, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu G, Yang G. Decoyinine Induced Resistance in Rice against Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. INSECTS 2022; 13:104. [PMID: 35055947 PMCID: PMC8781946 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Induced resistance against SBPH via microbial pesticides is considered as an eco-friendly and promising management approach. In this study, the induced resistance against SBPH in rice seedling by a new potential microbial pesticide, decoyinine (DCY), a secondary metabolite produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, was evaluated to investigate the effects of DCY on SBPH's biological and population parameters along with defense-related physiological and biochemical indices in rice against SBPH feeding. We found that DCY has potential to improve rice resistance and significantly reduced the fecundity of SBPH. Laboratory results revealed that DCY treated rice significantly changed SBPH's fecundity and population life table parameters. The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), soluble sugars and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower in DCY treated rice plants against SBPH infestation at 24, 48 and 96 hours post infestation (hpi), respectively. The concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) was significantly higher at 72 hpi, while super oxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) concentrations were recorded higher at 96 hpi. The concentrations of synthases enzymes, phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was higher at 48 hpi, whereas polyphenol oxidase (PPO) concentration was maximum at 72 hpi against SBPH infestation. The results imply that DCY has unique properties to enhance rice resistance against SBPH by stimulating plant defensive responses. Microbial pesticides may be developed as an alternative to chemical pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zaman Shah
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (A.Z.S.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (A.Z.S.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (A.Z.S.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiuxin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (A.Z.S.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (A.Z.S.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (A.Z.S.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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12
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Markalanda SH, McFadden CJ, Cassidy ST, Wood CW. The soil microbiome increases plant survival and modifies interactions with root endosymbionts in the field. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8283. [PMID: 35126998 PMCID: PMC8796929 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the soil microbiome-the community of microorganisms living in soils-has a major effect on plant traits and fitness. However, most work to date has taken place under controlled laboratory conditions and has not experimentally disentangled the effect of the soil microbiome on plant performance from the effects of key endosymbiotic constituents. As a result, it is difficult to extrapolate from existing data to understand the role of the soil microbiome in natural plant populations. To address this gap, we performed a field experiment using the black medick Medicago lupulina to test how the soil microbiome influences plant performance and colonization by two root endosymbionts (the mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Ensifer spp. and the parasitic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla) under natural conditions. We inoculated all plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and factorially manipulated the soil microbiome and nematode infection. We found that plants grown in microbe-depleted soil exhibit greater mortality, but that among the survivors, there was no effect of the soil microbiome on plant performance (shoot biomass, root biomass, or shoot-to-root ratio). The soil microbiome also impacted parasitic nematode infection and affected colonization by mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a plant genotype-dependent manner, increasing colonization in some plant genotypes and decreasing it in others. Our results demonstrate the soil microbiome has complex effects on plant-endosymbiont interactions and may be critical for survival under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connor J. McFadden
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Steven T. Cassidy
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Corlett W. Wood
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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13
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Susniak K, Krysa M, Kidaj D, Szymanska-Chargot M, Komaniecka I, Zamlynska K, Choma A, Wielbo J, Ilag LL, Sroka-Bartnicka A. Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging of Pea Root Nodules to Assess the Nitrogen Fixation in the Presence of Biofertilizer Based on Nod-Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12991. [PMID: 34884793 PMCID: PMC8657664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal spectroscopic imaging methods such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to monitor the changes in distribution and to determine semi quantitatively selected metabolites involved in nitrogen fixation in pea root nodules. These approaches were used to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fixation by pea plants treated with biofertilizer preparations containing Nod factors. To assess the effectiveness of biofertilizer, the fresh and dry masses of plants were determined. The biofertilizer was shown to be effective in enhancing the growth of the pea plants. In case of metabolic changes, the biofertilizer caused a change in the apparent distribution of the leghaemoglobin from the edges of the nodule to its centre (the active zone of nodule). Moreover, the enhanced nitrogen fixation and presumably the accelerated maturation form of the nodules were observed with the use of a biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Susniak
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Mikolaj Krysa
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | | | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Zamlynska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Jerzy Wielbo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Leopold L. Ilag
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Univeristy, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C, 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
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14
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Escobar Diaz PA, Gil OJA, Barbosa CH, Desoignies N, Rigobelo EC. Aspergillus spp. and Bacillus spp. as Growth Promoters in Cotton Plants Under Greenhouse Conditions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.709267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the potential of three Aspergillus and Bacillus species as growth promoters in cotton plants under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design with seven treatments (six microorganisms plus one control) and five replicates until the flowering stage at 70 days after emergence. The inoculation of cotton plants with Bacillus velezensis (Bv188) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs248 and Bs290) had a positive effect on total nitrogen extraction (899.31, 962.18, and 755.41 mg N/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (459.31 mg N/kg dry weight), total phosphorus extraction (121.94, 124.31, and 99.27 mg P/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (65.10 mg P/kg dry matter), and total dry matter (41.08, 43.59, and 49.86 g/plant, respectively) compared to the control (26.70 g/plant), as well as biomass carbon (72.26, 35.18, and 14.7 mg/kg soil, respectively). Cotton plants inoculated with Aspergillus brasiliensis (F111), Aspergillus sydowii (F112), and Aspergillus sp. (versicolor section) (F113) had higher total nitrogen extraction (953.33, 812.59, and 891.62 mg N/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (459.31 mg N/kg dry matter), a higher total phosphorus (122.30, 104.86, and 118.45 mg P/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (65.10 mg P/kg dry matter), a higher total dry matter (37.52, 37.41, and 53.02 g/plant) compared to the control (26.70 g/plant), and greater respiratory activity (14.98, 10.43, and 7.11 mg CO2/100 g soil, respectively) compared to the control (3.5 mg CO2/100 g soil). The fungi A. brasiliensis (F111) and A. sydowii (F112) promoted higher phosphorus absorption by cotton plants, which was reflected by the lower amount of nutrients in the soil (7.10 and 16.96 g P/dm3 soil) than in the control (26.91 g P/dm3 soil). The results suggest that B. subtilis 248 promoted an increase in phosphorus extracted from the roots and total and phosphorous compounds from the root dry matter and increased the value of soil respiratory activity, and this bacterium could be used as an inoculant in cotton crops.
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Acosta-Jurado S, Fuentes-Romero F, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Janczarek M, Vinardell JM. Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6233. [PMID: 34207734 PMCID: PMC8227245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil proteobacteria able to engage in a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with legumes that involves the rhizobial infection of roots and the bacterial invasion of new organs formed by the plant in response to the presence of appropriate bacterial partners. This interaction relies on a complex molecular dialogue between both symbionts. Bacterial N-acetyl-glucosamine oligomers called Nod factors are indispensable in most cases for early steps of the symbiotic interaction. In addition, different rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), may also be symbiotically relevant. EPS are acidic polysaccharides located out of the cell with little or no cell association that carry out important roles both in free-life and in symbiosis. EPS production is very complexly modulated and, frequently, co-regulated with Nod factors, but the type of co-regulation varies depending on the rhizobial strain. Many studies point out a signalling role for EPS-derived oligosaccharides in root infection and nodule invasion but, in certain symbiotic couples, EPS can be dispensable for a successful interaction. In summary, the complex regulation of the production of rhizobial EPS varies in different rhizobia, and the relevance of this polysaccharide in symbiosis with legumes depends on the specific interacting couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.A.-J.); (F.F.-R.); (J.-E.R.-S.)
| | - Francisco Fuentes-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.A.-J.); (F.F.-R.); (J.-E.R.-S.)
| | - Jose-Enrique Ruiz-Sainz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.A.-J.); (F.F.-R.); (J.-E.R.-S.)
| | - Monika Janczarek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.A.-J.); (F.F.-R.); (J.-E.R.-S.)
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16
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Structure and Development of the Legume-Rhizobial Symbiotic Interface in Infection Threads. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051050. [PMID: 33946779 PMCID: PMC8146911 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular infection thread initiated in a root hair cell is a unique structure associated with Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. It is characterized by inverted tip growth of the plant cell wall, resulting in a tunnel that allows invasion of host cells by bacteria during the formation of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule. Regulation of the plant-microbial interface is essential for infection thread growth. This involves targeted deposition of the cell wall and extracellular matrix and tight control of cell wall remodeling. This review describes the potential role of different actors such as transcription factors, receptors, and enzymes in the rearrangement of the plant-microbial interface and control of polar infection thread growth. It also focuses on the composition of the main polymers of the infection thread wall and matrix and the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the infection thread. Mutant analysis has helped to gain insight into the development of host defense reactions. The available data raise many new questions about the structure, function, and development of infection threads.
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17
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Computational characterizations of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (NoeL) Rhizobial proteins. Curr Genet 2021; 67:769-784. [PMID: 33837815 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that Nod Factors molecules are the critical structural components in nitrogen fixation. These molecules have been implicated in plant-microbe signaling. Many enzymes involved in Nod factors biosynthesis; however, the enzymes that decorate (modify) nod factor main structure play a vital role. Here, the computational analysis of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (NoeL) proteins with great impact in modification of nod factor structure in four genomes of agriculturally important rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium) presented. The NoeL number of amino acids was in the range of 147 (M5AMF5) to 372 (A0A023XWX0, Q89TZ1). The molecular weights were around 41 KDa. The results showed that the strain-specific purification strategy should apply as the pI of the sequences varied significantly (in the range of 5.59 to 9.12). The enzyme sequences and eight 3-dimensional structures predicted with homology modeling and machine learning representing the phylogenetic tree revealed the stability of enzymes in different conditions (Instability and Aliphatic index); however, this stability is also strain-specific. Disulphide bonds were observed in some species; however, the pattern was not detected in all members of the same species. Alpha helix was the dominant secondary structure predicted in all cytoplasmic NoeL. All models were homo-tetramer with acceptable sequence identity, GMEAN and coverage (60, - 1.80, 88, respectively). Additionally, Ramachandran maps showed that more than 94% of residues are in favored regions. We also highlight several key characterizations of NoeL from four rhizobia genomes annotation. These findings provide novel insights into the complexity and diversity of NoeL enzymes among important rhizobia and suggest considering a broader framework of biofilm for future research.
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18
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Abstract
Rhizobia are a phylogenetically diverse group of soil bacteria that engage in mutualistic interactions with legume plants. Although specifics of the symbioses differ between strains and plants, all symbioses ultimately result in the formation of specialized root nodule organs which host the nitrogen-fixing microsymbionts called bacteroids. Inside nodules, bacteroids encounter unique conditions that necessitate global reprogramming of physiological processes and rerouting of their metabolism. Decades of research have addressed these questions using genetics, omics approaches, and more recently computational modelling. Here we discuss the common adaptations of rhizobia to the nodule environment that define the core principles of bacteroid functioning. All bacteroids are growth-arrested and perform energy-intensive nitrogen fixation fueled by plant-provided C4-dicarboxylates at nanomolar oxygen levels. At the same time, bacteroids are subject to host control and sanctioning that ultimately determine their fitness and have fundamental importance for the evolution of a stable mutualistic relationship.
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19
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Rodríguez S, Correa-Galeote D, Sánchez-Pérez M, Ramírez M, Isidra-Arellano MC, Reyero-Saavedra MDR, Zamorano-Sánchez D, Hernández G, Valdés-López O, Girard L. A Novel OmpR-Type Response Regulator Controls Multiple Stages of the Rhizobium etli - Phaseolus vulgaris N 2-Fixing Symbiosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:615775. [PMID: 33384681 PMCID: PMC7769827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.615775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OmpR, is one of the best characterized response regulators families, which includes transcriptional regulators with a variety of physiological roles including the control of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). The Rhizobium etli CE3 genome encodes 18 OmpR-type regulators; the function of the majority of these regulators during the SNF in common bean, remains elusive. In this work, we demonstrated that a R. etli mutant strain lacking the OmpR-type regulator RetPC57 (ΔRetPC57), formed less nodules when used as inoculum for common bean. Furthermore, we observed reduced expression level of bacterial genes involved in Nod Factors production (nodA and nodB) and of plant early-nodulation genes (NSP2, NIN, NF-YA and ENOD40), in plants inoculated with ΔRetPC57. RetPC57 also contributes to the appropriate expression of genes which products are part of the multidrug efflux pumps family (MDR). Interestingly, nodules elicited by ΔRetPC57 showed increased expression of genes relevant for Carbon/Nitrogen nodule metabolism (PEPC and GOGAT) and ΔRetPC57 bacteroids showed higher nitrogen fixation activity as well as increased expression of key genes directly involved in SNF (hfixL, fixKf, fnrN, fixN, nifA and nifH). Taken together, our data show that the previously uncharacterized regulator RetPC57 is a key player in the development of the R. etli - P. vulgaris symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez
- Programa de Biología de Sistemas y Biología Sintética, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Programa de Biología de Sistemas y Biología Sintética, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mishael Sánchez-Pérez
- Programa de Biología de Sistemas y Biología Sintética, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Programa de Genómica Computacional, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario Ramírez
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Eucariontes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mariel C Isidra-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - María Del Rocío Reyero-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - David Zamorano-Sánchez
- Programa de Biología de Sistemas y Biología Sintética, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Eucariontes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Oswaldo Valdés-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Girard
- Programa de Biología de Sistemas y Biología Sintética, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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20
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Phour M, Sehrawat A, Sindhu SS, Glick BR. Interkingdom signaling in plant-rhizomicrobiome interactions for sustainable agriculture. Microbiol Res 2020; 241:126589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Host specificity of microbiome assembly and its fitness effects in phytoplankton. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:774-788. [PMID: 33097853 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insights into symbiosis between eukaryotic hosts and their microbiomes have shifted paradigms on what determines host fitness, ecology, and behavior. Questions remain regarding the roles of host versus environment in shaping microbiomes, and how microbiome composition affects host fitness. Using a model system in ecology, phytoplankton, we tested whether microbiomes are host-specific, confer fitness benefits that are host-specific, and remain conserved in time in their composition and fitness effects. We used an experimental approach in which hosts were cleaned of bacteria and then exposed to bacterial communities from natural environments to permit recruitment of microbiomes. We found that phytoplankton microbiomes consisted of a subset of taxa recruited from these natural environments. Microbiome recruitment was host-specific, with host species explaining more variation in microbiome composition than environment. While microbiome composition shifted and then stabilized over time, host specificity remained for dozens of generations. Microbiomes increased host fitness, but these fitness effects were host-specific for only two of the five species. The shifts in microbiome composition over time amplified fitness benefits to the hosts. Overall, this work solidifies the importance of host factors in shaping microbiomes and elucidates the temporal dynamics of microbiome compositional and fitness effects.
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22
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Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii NodD2 Enhances Competitive Nodule Colonization in the Clover-Rhizobium Symbiosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01268-20. [PMID: 32651206 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01268-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of the symbiotic relationship that develops between rhizobia and their legume hosts is contingent upon an interkingdom signal exchange. In response to host legume flavonoids, NodD proteins from compatible rhizobia activate expression of nodulation genes that produce lipochitin oligosaccharide signaling molecules known as Nod factors. Root nodule formation commences upon legume recognition of compatible Nod factor. Rhizobium leguminosarum was previously considered to contain one copy of nodD; here, we show that some strains of the Trifolium (clover) microsymbiont R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii contain a second copy designated nodD2. nodD2 genes were present in 8 out of 13 strains of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, but were absent from the genomes of 16 R. leguminosarum bv. viciae strains. Analysis of single and double nodD1 and nodD2 mutants in R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain TA1 revealed that NodD2 was functional and enhanced nodule colonization competitiveness. However, NodD1 showed significantly greater capacity to induce nod gene expression and infection thread formation. Clover species are either annual or perennial and this phenological distinction is rarely crossed by individual R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii microsymbionts for effective symbiosis. Of 13 strains with genome sequences available, 7 of the 8 effective microsymbionts of perennial hosts contained nodD2, whereas the 3 microsymbionts of annual hosts did not. We hypothesize that NodD2 inducer recognition differs from NodD1, and NodD2 functions to enhance competition and effective symbiosis, which may discriminate in favor of perennial hosts.IMPORTANCE Establishment of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis requires a highly specific and complex signal exchange between both participants. Rhizobia perceive legume flavonoid compounds through LysR-type NodD regulators. Often, rhizobia encode multiple copies of nodD, which is one determinant of host specificity. In some species of rhizobia, the presence of multiple copies of NodD extends their symbiotic host-range. Here, we identified and characterized a second copy of nodD present in some strains of the clover microsymbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. The second nodD gene contributed to the competitive ability of the strain on white clover, an important forage legume. A screen for strains containing nodD2 could be utilized as one criterion to select strains with enhanced competitive ability for use as inoculants for pasture production.
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Sharma V, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar R, Kumar A, Ibañez F, Wang J, Guo B, Sudini HK, Gopalakrishnan S, DasGupta M, Varshney RK, Pandey MK. Molecular Basis of Root Nodule Symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium and 'Crack-Entry' Legume Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E276. [PMID: 32093403 PMCID: PMC7076665 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients and a major factor limiting crop productivity. To meet the requirements of sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixation in different crop species. Legumes are able to establish root nodule symbiosis (RNS) with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria which are collectively called rhizobia. This mutualistic association is highly specific, and each rhizobia species/strain interacts with only a specific group of legumes, and vice versa. Nodulation involves multiple phases of interactions ranging from initial bacterial attachment and infection establishment to late nodule development, characterized by a complex molecular signalling between plants and rhizobia. Characteristically, legumes like groundnut display a bacterial invasion strategy popularly known as "crack-entry'' mechanism, which is reported approximately in 25% of all legumes. This article accommodates critical discussions on the bacterial infection mode, dynamics of nodulation, components of symbiotic signalling pathway, and also the effects of abiotic stresses and phytohormone homeostasis related to the root nodule symbiosis of groundnut and Bradyrhizobium. These parameters can help to understand how groundnut RNS is programmed to recognize and establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, adjusting gene expression in response to various regulations. This review further attempts to emphasize the current understanding of advancements regarding RNS research in the groundnut and speculates on prospective improvement possibilities in addition to ways for expanding it to other crops towards achieving sustainable agriculture and overcoming environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (V.S.); (H.K.S.); (S.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Samrat Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (M.D.)
- Department of Botany, Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls, Kolkata 700027, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi-585367, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (V.S.); (H.K.S.); (S.G.); (R.K.V.)
- DBT-National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Punjab 140308, India
| | - Fernando Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (CONICET-UNRC), Río Cuarto-5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 103610, USA;
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture- Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Hari K. Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (V.S.); (H.K.S.); (S.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (V.S.); (H.K.S.); (S.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Maitrayee DasGupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (M.D.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (V.S.); (H.K.S.); (S.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (V.S.); (H.K.S.); (S.G.); (R.K.V.)
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Liu R, Li L, Li Z, Wang W. Impact of Hydrogen on the Transcriptome of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Using RNA-sequencing Technology. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:1-10. [PMID: 32067442 PMCID: PMC7256871 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen formed during nitrogen fixation in legumes can enter the surrounding soil and confer multiple benefits to crops. Here, we used Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021, whose genome was sequenced in 2001, as a model bacterium to study the relationship between the bacterium and legume. We investigated the effects of hydrogen on the gene expression in S. meliloti using RNA-sequencing technology. We identified 43 genes whose expression was altered by hydrogen treatment; among these, 39 were downregulated, and 4 were upregulated. These genes accounted for 1.5% of the total 2941 annotated genes of the S. meliloti genome. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed that the hydrogen-regulated genes were associated with catalytic activity and binding. Further, these genes were primarily involved in arginine, proline, and β-alanine metabolism. Real-time PCR revealed that the transcription levels of SMc02983, cyoB, cyoC, and cyoD were reduced after hydrogen treatment. These results provide a theoretical framework for exploring new metabolic pathways of S. meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Liu
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China , Northwest University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China , Northwest University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Li
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China , Northwest University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China , Northwest University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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Metabolic Analyses of Nitrogen Fixation in the Soybean Microsymbiont Sinorhizobium fredii Using Constraint-Based Modeling. mSystems 2020; 5:5/1/e00516-19. [PMID: 32071157 PMCID: PMC7029217 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00516-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is the most limiting macronutrient for plant growth, and rhizobia are important bacteria for agriculture because they can fix atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to legumes through the establishment of a symbiotic relationship with their host plants. In this work, we studied the nitrogen fixation process in the microsymbiont Sinorhizobium fredii at the genome level. A metabolic model was built using genome annotation and literature to reconstruct the symbiotic form of S. fredii. Genes controlling the nitrogen fixation process were identified by simulating gene knockouts. Additionally, the nitrogen-fixing capacities of S. fredii CCBAU45436 in symbiosis with cultivated and wild soybeans were evaluated. The predictions suggested an outperformance of S. fredii with cultivated soybean, consistent with published experimental evidence. The reconstruction presented here will help to understand and improve nitrogen fixation capabilities of S. fredii and will be beneficial for agriculture by reducing the reliance on fertilizer applications. Rhizobia are soil bacteria able to establish symbiosis with diverse host plants. Specifically, Sinorhizobium fredii is a soil bacterium that forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules in diverse legumes, including soybean. The strain S. fredii CCBAU45436 is a dominant sublineage of S. fredii that nodulates soybeans in alkaline-saline soils in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region of China. Here, we present a manually curated metabolic model of the symbiotic form of Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU45436. A symbiosis reaction was defined to describe the specific soybean-microsymbiont association. The performance and quality of the reconstruction had a 70% score when assessed using a standardized genome-scale metabolic model test suite. The model was used to evaluate in silico single-gene knockouts to determine the genes controlling the nitrogen fixation process. One hundred forty-one of 541 genes (26%) were found to influence the symbiotic process, wherein 121 genes were predicted as essential and 20 others as having a partial effect. Transcriptomic profiles of CCBAU45436 were used to evaluate the nitrogen fixation capacity in cultivated versus in wild soybean inoculated with the microsymbiont. The model quantified the nitrogen fixation activities of the strain in these two hosts and predicted a higher nitrogen fixation capacity in cultivated soybean. Our results are consistent with published data demonstrating larger amounts of ureides and total nitrogen in cultivated soybean than in wild soybean. This work presents the first metabolic network reconstruction of S. fredii as an example of a useful tool for exploring the potential benefits of microsymbionts to sustainable agriculture and the ecosystem. IMPORTANCE Nitrogen is the most limiting macronutrient for plant growth, and rhizobia are important bacteria for agriculture because they can fix atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to legumes through the establishment of a symbiotic relationship with their host plants. In this work, we studied the nitrogen fixation process in the microsymbiont Sinorhizobium fredii at the genome level. A metabolic model was built using genome annotation and literature to reconstruct the symbiotic form of S. fredii. Genes controlling the nitrogen fixation process were identified by simulating gene knockouts. Additionally, the nitrogen-fixing capacities of S. fredii CCBAU45436 in symbiosis with cultivated and wild soybeans were evaluated. The predictions suggested an outperformance of S. fredii with cultivated soybean, consistent with published experimental evidence. The reconstruction presented here will help to understand and improve nitrogen fixation capabilities of S. fredii and will be beneficial for agriculture by reducing the reliance on fertilizer applications.
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Current Progress in Nitrogen Fixing Plants and Microbiome Research. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010097. [PMID: 31940996 PMCID: PMC7020401 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In agroecosystems, nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth. To meet the increased nitrogen demand in agriculture, synthetic fertilizers have been used extensively in the latter part of the twentieth century, which have led to environmental challenges such as nitrate pollution. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in plants is an essential mechanism for sustainable agricultural production and healthy ecosystem functioning. BNF by legumes and associative, endosymbiotic, and endophytic nitrogen fixation in non-legumes play major roles in reducing the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, increased plant nutrient content, and soil health reclamation. This review discusses the process of nitrogen-fixation in plants, nodule formation, the genes involved in plant-rhizobia interaction, and nitrogen-fixing legume and non-legume plants. This review also elaborates on current research efforts involved in transferring nitrogen-fixing mechanisms from legumes to non-legumes, especially to economically important crops such as rice, maize, and wheat at the molecular level and relevant other techniques involving the manipulation of soil microbiome for plant benefits in the non-legume root environment.
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Deciphering the Symbiotic Significance of Quorum Sensing Systems of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010068. [PMID: 31906451 PMCID: PMC7022240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial cell-to-cell signaling mechanism that collectively regulates and synchronizes behaviors by means of small diffusible chemical molecules. In rhizobia, QS systems usually relies on the synthesis and detection of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). In the model bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti functions regulated by the QS systems TraI-TraR and SinI-SinR(-ExpR) include plasmid transfer, production of surface polysaccharides, motility, growth rate and nodulation. These systems are also present in other bacteria of the Sinorhizobium genus, with variations at the species and strain level. In Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 phenotypes regulated by QS are plasmid transfer, growth rate, sedimentation, motility, biofilm formation, EPS production and copy number of the symbiotic plasmid (pSym). The analysis of the S. fredii HH103 genomes reveal also the presence of both QS systems. In this manuscript we characterized the QS systems of S. fredii HH103, determining that both TraI and SinI AHL-synthases proteins are responsible of the production of short- and long-chain AHLs, respectively, at very low and not physiological concentrations. Interestingly, the main HH103 luxR-type genes, expR and traR, are split into two ORFs, suggesting that in S. fredii HH103 the corresponding carboxy-terminal proteins, which contain the DNA-binding motives, may control target genes in an AHL-independent manner. The presence of a split traR gene is common in other S. fredii strains.
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Nag P, Shriti S, Das S. Microbiological strategies for enhancing biological nitrogen fixation in nonlegumes. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:186-198. [PMID: 31858682 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In an agro-ecosystem, industrially produced nitrogenous fertilizers are the principal sources of nitrogen for plant growth; unfortunately these also serve as the leading sources of pollution. Hence, it becomes imperative to find pollution-free methods of providing nitrogen to crop plants. A diverse group of free-living, plant associative and symbiotic prokaryotes are able to perform biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). BNF is a two component process involving the nitrogen fixing diazotrophs and the host plant. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is most efficient as it can fix nitrogen inside the nodule formed on the roots of the plant; delivering nitrogen directly to the host. However, most of the important crop plants are nonleguminous and are unable to form symbiotic associations. In this context, the plant associative and endophytic diazotrophs assume importance. BNF in nonlegumes can be encouraged either through the transfer of BNF traits from legumes or by elevating the nitrogen fixing capacity of the associative and endophytic diazotrophs. In this review we discuss mainly the microbiological strategies which may be used in nonleguminous crops for enhancement of BNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nag
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Shriti
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Igolkina AA, Bazykin GA, Chizhevskaya EP, Provorov NA, Andronov EE. Matching population diversity of rhizobial nodA and legume NFR5 genes in plant-microbe symbiosis. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10377-10386. [PMID: 31624556 PMCID: PMC6787799 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that population diversities of partners in nitrogen-fixing rhizobium-legume symbiosis can be matched for "interplaying" genes. We tested this hypothesis using data on nucleotide polymorphism of symbiotic genes encoding two components of the plant-bacteria signaling system: (a) the rhizobial nodA acyltransferase involved in the fatty acid tail decoration of the Nod factor (signaling molecule); (b) the plant NFR5 receptor required for Nod factor binding. We collected three wild-growing legume species together with soil samples adjacent to the roots from one large 25-year fallow: Vicia sativa, Lathyrus pratensis, and Trifolium hybridum nodulated by one of the two Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars (viciae and trifolii). For each plant species, we prepared three pools for DNA extraction and further sequencing: the plant pool (30 plant indiv.), the nodule pool (90 nodules), and the soil pool (30 samples). We observed the following statistically significant conclusions: (a) a monotonic relationship between the diversity in the plant NFR5 gene pools and the nodule rhizobial nodA gene pools; (b) higher topological similarity of the NFR5 gene tree with the nodA gene tree of the nodule pool, than with the nodA gene tree of the soil pool. Both nonsynonymous diversity and Tajima's D were increased in the nodule pools compared with the soil pools, consistent with relaxation of negative selection and/or admixture of balancing selection. We propose that the observed genetic concordance between NFR5 gene pools and nodule nodA gene pools arises from the selection of particular genotypes of the nodA gene by the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Igolkina
- ARRIAM, All‐Russia Research Institute for Agricultural MicrobiologyPushkinRussia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Georgii A. Bazykin
- Center for Life SciencesSkolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscowRussia
- Laboratory for Molecular EvolutionKharkevich Institute of Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | | | - Nikolai A. Provorov
- ARRIAM, All‐Russia Research Institute for Agricultural MicrobiologyPushkinRussia
| | - Evgeny E. Andronov
- ARRIAM, All‐Russia Research Institute for Agricultural MicrobiologyPushkinRussia
- Saint‐Petersburg State UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia
- Dokuchaev Soil Science InstituteMoscowRussia
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Jaiswal DK, Verma JP, Krishna R, Gaurav AK, Yadav J. Molecular characterization of monocrotophos and chlorpyrifos tolerant bacterial strain for enhancing seed germination of vegetable crops. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:636-650. [PMID: 30798059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity of organophosphate (OPs) insecticides monocrotophos (MCP) and chlorpyrifos (CLS) on plant growth promoting (PGP) properties and seed germination of brinjal, tomato and okra vegetables inoculated by Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans (BHUJP-P1), Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (BHUJP-P2), Bacillus licheniformis (BHUJP-P3) and Bacillus cereus (BHUJP-P4). Maximum increase in microbial growth (52.6% & 47.9%) with enhanced EPS production (447.67 mg/ml & 75.00 mg/ml) was showed by BHUJP-P4 and BHUJP-P3 at 10× dose of MCP and CLS over control, BHUJP-2 and BHUJP-P1 respectively. Simultaneously, both strains recorded minimum reduction in PGP activities and seed germination at 3× dose of both insecticides as compared to BHUJP-2 and BHUJP-P1, respectively. Strains BHUJP-P3 and BHUJP-P4 showed 83 and 81% of monocrotophos degradation at 50 mg/kg concentration; 81 and 80% at 150 mg/kg concentration within 5days respectively. Concurrently, these strains BHUJP-P3 and BHUJP-P4 were recorded 53 and 90% of chlorpyrifos degradation at 50 mg/kg concentration; 49% and 87% at 100 mg/kg concentration within 72 h, respectively. The OPs insecticide degrading gene opdA and opd was found in strain BHUJP-P3 and BHUJP-P4, respectively. The multifarious biological activities of strain BHUJP-P3 and BHUJP-P4 showed maximum tolerance against insecticide, and minimum reduction in P-solubilisation, IAA, siderophore and HCN production for plant growth promotion and biological control under insecticide stress. Thus, these novel isolates may be used as biodegradation of organophosphate insecticide and plant growth promoting bacterial (PGPB) inoculum for enhancing seed germination of vegetables under stress insecticide. These novel strains will be environment friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Pobox 1797, Penrith NSW, 2750, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ram Krishna
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Kumar Gaurav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Janardan Yadav
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
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Teng Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Christie P. Function of Biohydrogen Metabolism and Related Microbial Communities in Environmental Bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:106. [PMID: 30837956 PMCID: PMC6383490 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) metabolism has attracted considerable interest because the activities of H2-producing and consuming microbes shape the global H2 cycle and may have vital relationships with the global cycling of other elements. There are many pathways of microbial H2 emission and consumption which may affect the structure and function of microbial communities. A wide range of microbial groups employ H2 as an electron donor to catalyze the reduction of pollutants such as organohalides, azo compounds, and trace metals. Syntrophy coupled mutualistic interaction between H2-producing and H2-consuming microorganisms can transfer H2 and be accompanied by the removal of toxic compounds. Moreover, hydrogenases have been gradually recognized to have a key role in the progress of pollutant degradation. This paper reviews recent advances in elucidating role of H2 metabolism involved in syntrophy and hydrogenases in environmental bioremediation. Further investigations should focus on the application of bioenergy in bioremediation to make microbiological H2 metabolism a promising remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Li J, Liu K, Zhang J, Huang L, Coulter JA, Woodburn T, Li L, Gan Y. Soil-Plant Indices Help Explain Legume Response to Crop Rotation in a Semiarid Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1488. [PMID: 30524451 PMCID: PMC6262397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity is typically affected by various soil-plant factors systematically as they influence plant photosynthesis, soil fertility, and root systems. However, little is known about how the productivity of legumes is related to crop rotation systems. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of rotation systems on legume productivity and the relationships among legume productivity and soil-plant factors. Three annual legumes - chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus), were included in various diversified rotation systems and compared with legume monoculture in the 8-year rotation study. Soil N and water conditions, and canopy and root systems were evaluated at the end of 8-year rotation in the semiarid Canadian prairies. Results showed that diversified rotation systems improved leaf greenness by 4%, shoot biomass by 25%, nodule biomass by 44%, and seed yield by 95% for chickpea and pea, but such effects were not found for lentil. Pea monocultures increased root rot severity by threefold compared with diversified rotations, and chickpea monoculture increased shoot rot severity by 23%, root rot severity by 96% and nodule damage by 219%. However, all the legume monocultures improved soil N accumulation by an average 38% compared to diversified systems. Pea and chickpea displayed considerable sensitivity to plant biotic stresses, whereas lentil productivity had a larger dependence on initial soil N content. The 8-year study concludes that the rotational effect on legume productivity varies with legume species, the frequency of a legume appearing in the rotation, and the integration of relevant soil and plant indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Kui Liu
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lidong Huang
- Department of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jeffrey A. Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Trevor Woodburn
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lingling Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yantai Gan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
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Lei S, Xu X, Cheng Z, Xiong J, Ma R, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhu Y, Zhang B, Tian B. Analysis of the community composition and bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome across different plant taxa. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00762. [PMID: 30565881 PMCID: PMC6562120 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobacteria play an important role in bridging the soil and plant microbiomes and improving the health and growth of plants. In this study, the bacterial community structures and compositions of rhizosphere microbiomes associated with six plant species, representing two orders and three families of wild plants grown in the same field, were evaluated. The six plant species examined harbored a core and similar bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome, which was dominated by members of Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Xanthomonadales of Proteobacteria, Subgroup 4 of Acidobacteria, and Sphingobacteriales of Bacteroidetes. Plant species had a significant effect on the microbial composition and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance of the rhizosphere microbiome. Statistical analysis indicated a significant differential OTU richness (Chao1, p < 0.05) and bacterial diversity (Shannon index, p < 0.0001) of the rhizosphere microbiome at the plant species, genus, or families levels. The paralleled samples from the same plant species in the PCoA and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated a clear tendency to group together, although the samples were not strictly separated according to their taxonomic divergence at the family or order level. The CAP analysis revealed a great proportion (44.85%) of the variations on bacterial communities could be attributed to the plant species. The results demonstrated that largely conserved and taxonomically narrow bacterial communities of the rhizosphere microbiome existed around the plant root. The bacterial communities and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome were significantly related to the plant taxa, at least at the species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Lei
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Library, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongqin Ma
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Zhu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Baoyu Tian
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Che R, Deng Y, Wang F, Wang W, Xu Z, Hao Y, Xue K, Zhang B, Tang L, Zhou H, Cui X. Autotrophic and symbiotic diazotrophs dominate nitrogen-fixing communities in Tibetan grassland soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:997-1006. [PMID: 29929338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation, conducted by soil diazotrophs, is the primary nitrogen source for natural grasslands. However, the diazotrophs in grassland soils are still far from fully investigated. Particularly, their regional-scale distribution patterns have never been systematically examined. Here, soils (0-5 cm) were sampled from 54 grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau to examine the diazotroph abundance, diversity, and community composition, as well as their distribution patterns and driving factors. The diazotroph abundance was expressed as nifH gene copies, measured using real-time PCR. The diversity and community composition of diazotrophs were analyzed through MiSeq sequencing of nifH genes. The results showed that Cyanobacteria (47.94%) and Proteobacteria (45.20%) dominated the soil diazotroph communities. Most Cyanobacteria were classified as Nostocales which are main components of biological crusts. Rhizobiales, most of which were identified as potential symbiotic diazotrophs, were also abundant in approximately half of the soil samples. The soil diazotroph abundance, diversity, and community composition followed the distribution patterns in line with mean annual precipitation. Moreover, they also showed significant correlations with prokaryotic abundance, plant biomass, vegetation cover, soil pH values, and soil nutrient contents. Among these environmental factors, the soil moisture, organic carbon, available phosphorus, and inorganic nitrogen contents could be the main drivers of diazotroph distribution due to their strong correlations with diazotroph indices. These findings suggest that autotrophic and symbiotic diazotrophs are the predominant nitrogen fixers in Tibetan grassland soils, and highlight the key roles of water and nutrient availability in determining the soil diazotroph distribution on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiao Che
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Yongcui Deng
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Weijin Wang
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lorite MJ, Estrella MJ, Escaray FJ, Sannazzaro A, Videira e Castro IM, Monza J, Sanjuán J, León-Barrios M. The Rhizobia- Lotus Symbioses: Deeply Specific and Widely Diverse. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2055. [PMID: 30258414 PMCID: PMC6144797 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiosis between Lotus and rhizobia has been long considered very specific and only two bacterial species were recognized as the microsymbionts of Lotus: Mesorhizobium loti was considered the typical rhizobia for the L. corniculatus complex, whereas Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) was the symbiont for L. uliginosus and related species. As discussed in this review, this situation has dramatically changed during the last 15 years, with the characterization of nodule bacteria from worldwide geographical locations and from previously unexplored Lotus spp. Current data support that the Lotus rhizobia are dispersed amongst nearly 20 species in five genera (Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, Ensifer, and Aminobacter). As a consequence, M. loti could be regarded an infrequent symbiont of Lotus, and several plant-bacteria compatibility groups can be envisaged. Despite the great progress achieved with the model L. japonicus in understanding the establishment and functionality of the symbiosis, the genetic and biochemical bases governing the stringent host-bacteria compatibility pairships within the genus Lotus await to be uncovered. Several Lotus spp. are grown for forage, and inoculation with rhizobia is a common practice in various countries. However, the great diversity of the Lotus rhizobia is likely squandered, as only few bacterial strains are used as inoculants for Lotus pastures in very different geographical locations, with a great variety of edaphic and climatic conditions. The agroecological potential of the genus Lotus can not be fully harnessed without acknowledging the great diversity of rhizobia-Lotus interactions, along with a better understanding of the specific plant and bacterial requirements for optimal symbiotic nitrogen fixation under increasingly constrained environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Lorite
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - María J. Estrella
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, IIB-INTECH, UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Francisco J. Escaray
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, IIB-INTECH, UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Analía Sannazzaro
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, IIB-INTECH, UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge Monza
- Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Sanjuán
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Milagros León-Barrios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Functional Genomics Approaches to Studying Symbioses between Legumes and Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia. High Throughput 2018; 7:ht7020015. [PMID: 29783718 PMCID: PMC6023288 DOI: 10.3390/ht7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation gives legumes a pronounced growth advantage in nitrogen-deprived soils and is of considerable ecological and economic interest. In exchange for reduced atmospheric nitrogen, typically given to the plant in the form of amides or ureides, the legume provides nitrogen-fixing rhizobia with nutrients and highly specialised root structures called nodules. To elucidate the molecular basis underlying physiological adaptations on a genome-wide scale, functional genomics approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been used. This review presents an overview of the different functional genomics approaches that have been performed on rhizobial symbiosis, with a focus on studies investigating the molecular mechanisms used by the bacterial partner to interact with the legume. While rhizobia belonging to the alpha-proteobacterial group (alpha-rhizobia) have been well studied, few studies to date have investigated this process in beta-proteobacteria (beta-rhizobia).
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Liu A, Contador CA, Fan K, Lam HM. Interaction and Regulation of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Metabolisms in Root Nodules of Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1860. [PMID: 30619423 PMCID: PMC6305480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Members of the plant family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) are unique in that they have evolved a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia (a group of soil bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen). Rhizobia infect and form root nodules on their specific host plants before differentiating into bacteroids, the symbiotic form of rhizobia. This complex relationship involves the supply of C4-dicarboxylate and phosphate by the host plants to the microsymbionts that utilize them in the energy-intensive process of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, which is in turn made available to the host plants as a source of nitrogen, a macronutrient for growth. Although nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are no longer growing, they are metabolically active. The symbiotic process is complex and tightly regulated by both the host plants and the bacteroids. The metabolic pathways of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate are heavily regulated in the host plants, as they need to strike a fine balance between satisfying their own needs as well as those of the microsymbionts. A network of transporters for the various metabolites are responsible for the trafficking of these essential molecules between the two partners through the symbiosome membrane (plant-derived membrane surrounding the bacteroid), and these are in turn regulated by various transcription factors that control their expressions under different environmental conditions. Understanding this complex process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation is vital in promoting sustainable agriculture and enhancing soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Liu
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carolina A. Contador
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kejing Fan
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Hon-Ming Lam,
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Igolkina AA, Porozov YB, Chizhevskaya EP, Andronov EE. Structural Insight Into the Role of Mutual Polymorphism and Conservatism in the Contact Zone of the NFR5-K1 Heterodimer With the Nod Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:344. [PMID: 29706972 PMCID: PMC5909492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sandwich-like docking configurations of the heterodimeric complex of NFR5 and K1 Vicia sativa receptor-like kinases together with the putative ligand, Nod factor (NF) of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, were modeled and two of the most probable configurations were assessed through the analysis of the mutual polymorphisms and conservatism. We carried out this analysis based on the hypothesis that in a contact zone of two docked components (proteins or ligands) the population polymorphism or conservatism is mutual, i.e., the variation in one component has a reflected variation in the other component. The population material of 30 wild-growing V. sativa (leaf pieces) was collected from a large field (uncultivated for the past 25-years) and pooled; form this pool, 100 randomly selected cloned fragments of NFR5 gene and 100 of K1 gene were sequenced by the Sanger method. Congruence between population trees of NFR5 and K1 haplotypes allowed us to select two respective haplotypes, build their 3D structures, and perform protein-protein docking. In a separate simulation, the protein-ligand docking between NFR5 and NF was carried out. We merged the results of the two docking experiments and extracted NFR5-NF-K1 complexes, in which NF was located within the cavity between two receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated two out of six complexes as stable. Regions of mutual polymorphism in the contact zone of one complex overlapped with known NF structural variations produced by R. leguminosarum bv. viciae. A total of 74% of the contact zone of another complex contained mutually polymorphic and conservative areas. Common traits of the obtained two stable structures allowed us to hypothesize the functional role of three-domain structure of plant LysM-RLKs in their heteromers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Igolkina
- Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soil, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- *Correspondence: A. A. Igolkina
| | - Yu B. Porozov
- The Laboratory of Bioinformatics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- The Laboratory of Bioinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. P. Chizhevskaya
- Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soil, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. E. Andronov
- Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soil, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry of Soils, VV Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Potential of Rice Stubble as a Reservoir of Bradyrhizobial Inoculum in Rice-Legume Crop Rotation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01488-17. [PMID: 28916558 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01488-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradyrhizobium encompasses a variety of bacteria that can live in symbiotic and endophytic associations with leguminous and nonleguminous plants, such as rice. Therefore, it can be expected that rice endophytic bradyrhizobia can be applied in the rice-legume crop rotation system. Some endophytic bradyrhizobial strains were isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) tissues. The rice biomass could be enhanced when supplementing bradyrhizobial strain inoculation with KNO3, NH4NO3, or urea, especially in Bradyrhizobium sp. strain SUTN9-2. In contrast, the strains which suppressed rice growth were photosynthetic bradyrhizobia and were found to produce nitric oxide (NO) in the rice root. The expression of genes involved in NO production was conducted using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) technique. The nirK gene expression level in Bradyrhizobium sp. strain SUT-PR48 with nitrate was higher than that of the norB gene. In contrast, the inoculation of SUTN9-2 resulted in a lower expression of the nirK gene than that of the norB gene. These results suggest that SUT-PR48 may accumulate NO more than SUTN9-2 does. Furthermore, the nifH expression of SUTN9-2 was induced in treatment without nitrogen supplementation in an endophytic association with rice. The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase produced in planta by SUTN9-2 were also detected. Enumeration of rice endophytic bradyrhizobia from rice tissues revealed that SUTN9-2 persisted in rice tissues until rice-harvesting season. The mung bean (Vigna radiata) can be nodulated after rice stubbles were decomposed. Therefore, it is possible that rice stubbles can be used as an inoculum in the rice-legume crop rotation system under both low- and high-organic-matter soil conditions.IMPORTANCE This study shows that some rice endophytic bradyrhizobia could produce IAA and ACC deaminase and have a nitrogen fixation ability during symbiosis inside rice tissues. These characteristics may play an important role in rice growth promotion by endophytic bradyrhizobia. However, the NO-producing strains should be of concern due to a possible deleterious effect of NO on rice growth. In addition, this study reports the application of endophytic bradyrhizobia in rice stubbles, and the rice stubbles were used directly as an inoculum for a leguminous plant (mung bean). The degradation of rice stubbles leads to an increased number of SUTN9-2 in the soil and may result in increased mung bean nodulation. Therefore, the persistence of endophytic bradyrhizobia in rice tissues can be developed to use rice stubbles as an inoculum for mung bean in a rice-legume crop rotation system.
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Rashid MHO, Chung YR. Induction of Systemic Resistance against Insect Herbivores in Plants by Beneficial Soil Microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1816. [PMID: 29104585 PMCID: PMC5654954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms with growth-promoting activities in plants, including rhizobacteria and rhizofungi, can improve plant health in a variety of different ways. These beneficial microbes may confer broad-spectrum resistance to insect herbivores. Here, we provide evidence that beneficial microbes modulate plant defenses against insect herbivores. Beneficial soil microorganisms can regulate hormone signaling including the jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid pathways, thereby leading to gene expression, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant defensive proteins and different enzymes and volatile compounds, that may induce defenses against leaf-chewing as well as phloem-feeding insects. In this review, we discuss how beneficial microbes trigger induced systemic resistance against insects by promoting plant growth and highlight changes in plant molecular mechanisms and biochemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young R. Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Le Roux JJ, Hui C, Keet JH, Ellis AG. Co-introduction vs ecological fitting as pathways to the establishment of effective mutualisms during biological invasions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1354-1360. [PMID: 28771816 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1354 I. 1354 II. 1355 III. 1357 IV. 1357 V. 1359 1359 References 1359 SUMMARY: Interactions between non-native plants and their mutualists are often disrupted upon introduction to new environments. Using legume-rhizobium mutualistic interactions as an example, we discuss two pathways that can influence symbiotic associations in such situations: co-introduction of coevolved rhizobia; and utilization of, and adaptation to, resident rhizobia, hereafter referred to as 'ecological fitting'. Co-introduction and ecological fitting have distinct implications for successful legume invasions and their impacts. Under ecological fitting, initial impacts may be less severe and will accrue over longer periods as novel symbiotic associations and/or adaptations may require fine-tuning over time. Co-introduction will have more profound impacts that will accrue more rapidly as a result of positive feedbacks between densities of non-native rhizobia and their coevolved host plants, in turn enhancing competition between native and non-native rhizobia. Co-introduction can further impact invasion outcomes by the exchange of genetic material between native and non-native rhizobia, potentially resulting in decreased fitness of native legumes. A better understanding of the roles of these two pathways in the invasion dynamics of non-native legumes is much needed, and we highlight some of the exciting research avenues it presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa
| | - Jan-Hendrik Keet
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Allan G Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Controlled biofertilizer release kinetics and moisture retention in gum xanthan-based IPN. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Keet JH, Ellis AG, Hui C, Le Roux JJ. Legume-rhizobium symbiotic promiscuity and effectiveness do not affect plant invasiveness. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:1319-1331. [PMID: 28369229 PMCID: PMC5604570 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen is thought to play an important role in the invasion success of legumes. Interactions between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) span a continuum of specialization, and promiscuous legumes are thought to have higher chances of forming effective symbioses in novel ranges. Using Australian Acacia species in South Africa, it was hypothesized that widespread and highly invasive species will be more generalist in their rhizobial symbiotic requirements and more effective in fixing atmospheric nitrogen compared with localized and less invasive species. METHODS To test these hypotheses, eight localized and 11 widespread acacias were examined using next-generation sequencing data for the nodulation gene, nodC , to compare the identity, species richness, diversity and compositional similarity of rhizobia associated with these acacias. Stable isotope analysis was also used to determine levels of nitrogen obtained from the atmosphere via symbiotic nitrogen fixation. KEY RESULTS No differences were found in richness, diversity and community composition between localized and widespread acacias. Similarly, widespread and localized acacias did not differ in their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, for some species by site comparisons, significant differences in δ15N isotopic signatures were found, indicating differential symbiotic effectiveness between these species at specific localities. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results support recent findings that root nodule rhizobial diversity and community composition do not differ between acacias that vary in their invasiveness. Differential invasiveness of acacias in South Africa is probably linked to attributes such as differences in propagule pressure, reasons for (e.g. forestry vs. ornamental) and extent of, plantings in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Keet
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Allan G. Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town 7945, South Africa
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Burkhart BJ, Schwalen CJ, Mann G, Naismith JH, Mitchell DA. YcaO-Dependent Posttranslational Amide Activation: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5389-5456. [PMID: 28256131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With advances in sequencing technology, uncharacterized proteins and domains of unknown function (DUFs) are rapidly accumulating in sequence databases and offer an opportunity to discover new protein chemistry and reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review, the formerly enigmatic YcaO superfamily (DUF181), has been found to catalyze a unique phosphorylation of a ribosomal peptide backbone amide upon attack by different nucleophiles. Established nucleophiles are the side chains of Cys, Ser, and Thr which gives rise to azoline/azole biosynthesis in ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products. However, much remains unknown about the potential for YcaO proteins to collaborate with other nucleophiles. Recent work suggests potential in forming thioamides, macroamidines, and possibly additional post-translational modifications. This review covers all knowledge through mid-2016 regarding the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), natural products, functions, mechanisms, and applications of YcaO proteins and outlines likely future research directions for this protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Mann
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
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Winkler AJ, Dominguez-Nuñez JA, Aranaz I, Poza-Carrión C, Ramonell K, Somerville S, Berrocal-Lobo M. Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020040. [PMID: 28212295 PMCID: PMC5334620 DOI: 10.3390/md15020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose, and it forms an integral part of insect exoskeletons, crustacean shells, krill and the cell walls of fungal spores, where it is present as a high-molecular-weight molecule. In this study, we showed that a chitin oligosaccharide of lower molecular weight (tetramer) induced genes in Arabidopsis that are principally related to vegetative growth, development and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Based on plant responses to this chitin tetramer, a low-molecular-weight chitin mix (CHL) enriched to 92% with dimers (2mer), trimers (3mer) and tetramers (4mer) was produced for potential use in biotechnological processes. Compared with untreated plants, CHL-treated plants had increased in vitro fresh weight (10%), radicle length (25%) and total carbon and nitrogen content (6% and 8%, respectively). Our data show that low-molecular-weight forms of chitin might play a role in nature as bio-stimulators of plant growth, and they are also a known direct source of carbon and nitrogen for soil biomass. The biochemical properties of the CHL mix might make it useful as a non-contaminating bio-stimulant of plant growth and a soil restorer for greenhouses and fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Winkler
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, MONTES (School of Forest Engineering and Natural Environment), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department for Wood Biology, Centre for Wood Science and Technology, Universität Hamburg, Leuschnerstr. 91d, D-2103 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jose Alfonso Dominguez-Nuñez
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, MONTES (School of Forest Engineering and Natural Environment), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Aranaz
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Estudios Bifuncionales, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Paseo Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Katrina Ramonell
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 870344, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Shauna Somerville
- Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Marta Berrocal-Lobo
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, MONTES (School of Forest Engineering and Natural Environment), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
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Ghosh PK, Maiti TK. Structure of Extracellular Polysaccharides (EPS) Produced by Rhizobia and their Functions in Legume–Bacteria Symbiosis: — A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.als.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grote J, Krysciak D, Petersen K, Güllert S, Schmeisser C, Förstner KU, Krishnan HB, Schwalbe H, Kubatova N, Streit WR. The Absence of the N-acyl-homoserine-lactone Autoinducer Synthase Genes traI and ngrI Increases the Copy Number of the Symbiotic Plasmid in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1858. [PMID: 27917168 PMCID: PMC5114275 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-released flavonoids induce the transcription of symbiotic genes in rhizobia and one of the first bacterial responses is the synthesis of so called Nod factors. They are responsible for the initial root hair curling during onset of root nodule development. This signal exchange is believed to be essential for initiating the plant symbiosis with rhizobia affiliated with the Alphaproteobacteria. Here, we provide evidence that in the broad host range strain Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 the complete lack of quorum sensing molecules results in an elevated copy number of its symbiotic plasmid (pNGR234a). This in turn triggers the expression of symbiotic genes and the production of Nod factors in the absence of plant signals. Therefore, increasing the copy number of specific plasmids could be a widespread mechanism of specialized bacterial populations to bridge gaps in signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Grote
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Krysciak
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Petersen
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Güllert
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christel Schmeisser
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad U Förstner
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Kubatova
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
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Tsukushi Y, Kido N, Saeki K, Sugiyama T, Koide N, Mori I, Yoshida T, Yokochi T. Characteristic biological activities of lipopolysaccharides from Sinorhizobium and Mesorhizobium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519040100010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The biological actions of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Sinorhizobium meliloti, Mesorhizobium loti and Escherichia coli were compared. In biological activities including lethality, production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO), adjuvant action and Limulus activity, LPS from S. meliloti exhibited stronger actions than LPS from M. loti, but had a weaker action than LPS from E. coli. On the other hand, M. loti LPS showed a higher activity to activate human complement than S. meliloti LPS. Further, there was a significant difference in polymyxin B binding between S. meliloti LPS and M. loti LPS, suggesting a difference in the lipid A structure. LPSs from S. meliloti and M. loti seem to exhibit characteristic biological actions that may be dependent on the difference in the lipid A structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Tsukushi
- Department of Natural Science Informatics, School of Informatics and Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kido
- Department of Natural Science Informatics, School of Informatics and Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Saeki
- Department of Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Koide
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isamu Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokochi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan,
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Pérez-Montaño F, Jiménez-Guerrero I, Acosta-Jurado S, Navarro-Gómez P, Ollero FJ, Ruiz-Sainz JE, López-Baena FJ, Vinardell JM. A transcriptomic analysis of the effect of genistein on Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 reveals novel rhizobial genes putatively involved in symbiosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31592. [PMID: 27539649 PMCID: PMC4990936 DOI: 10.1038/srep31592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 is a rhizobial soybean symbiont that exhibits an extremely broad host-range. Flavonoids exuded by legume roots induce the expression of rhizobial symbiotic genes and activate the bacterial protein NodD, which binds to regulatory DNA sequences called nod boxes (NB). NB drive the expression of genes involved in the production of molecular signals (Nod factors) as well as the transcription of ttsI, whose encoded product binds to tts boxes (TB), inducing the secretion of proteins (effectors) through the type 3 secretion system (T3SS). In this work, a S. fredii HH103 global gene expression analysis in the presence of the flavonoid genistein was carried out, revealing a complex regulatory network. Three groups of genes differentially expressed were identified: i) genes controlled by NB, ii) genes regulated by TB, and iii) genes not preceded by a NB or a TB. Interestingly, we have found differentially expressed genes not previously studied in rhizobia, being some of them not related to Nod factors or the T3SS. Future characterization of these putative symbiotic-related genes could shed light on the understanding of the complex molecular dialogue established between rhizobia and legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pérez-Montaño
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Jiménez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Acosta-Jurado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Navarro-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - F J Ollero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - J E Ruiz-Sainz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - F J López-Baena
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
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Biogeographical Patterns of Legume-Nodulating Burkholderia spp.: from African Fynbos to Continental Scales. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5099-115. [PMID: 27316955 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00591-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rhizobia of the genus Burkholderia have large-scale distribution ranges and are usually associated with South African papilionoid and South American mimosoid legumes, yet little is known about their genetic structuring at either local or global geographic scales. To understand variation at different spatial scales, from individual legumes in the fynbos (South Africa) to a global context, we analyzed chromosomal (16S rRNA, recA) and symbiosis (nifH, nodA, nodC) gene sequences. We showed that the global diversity of nodulation genes is generally grouped according to the South African papilionoid or South American mimosoid subfamilies, whereas chromosomal sequence data were unrelated to biogeography. While nodulation genes are structured on a continental scale, a geographic or host-specific distribution pattern was not detected in the fynbos region. In host range experiments, symbiotic promiscuity of Burkholderia tuberum STM678(T) and B phymatum STM815(T) was discovered in selected fynbos species. Finally, a greenhouse experiment was undertaken to assess the ability of mimosoid (Mimosa pudica) and papilionoid (Dipogon lignosus, Indigofera filifolia, Macroptilium atropurpureum, and Podalyria calyptrata) species to nodulate in South African (fynbos) and Malawian (savanna) soils. While the Burkholderia-philous fynbos legumes (D lignosus, I filifolia, and P calyptrata) nodulated only in their native soils, the invasive neotropical species M pudica did not develop nodules in the African soils. The fynbos soil, notably rich in Burkholderia, seems to retain nodulation genes compatible with the local papilionoid legume flora but is incapable of nodulating mimosoid legumes that have their center of diversity in South America. IMPORTANCE This study is the most comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of root-nodulating Burkholderia and investigated biogeographic and host-related patterns of the legume-rhizobial symbiosis in the South African fynbos biome, as well as at global scales, including native species from the South American Caatinga and Cerrado biomes. While a global investigation of the rhizobial diversity revealed distinct nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes among South African and South American legumes, regionally distributed species in the Cape region were unrelated to geographic and host factors.
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