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Wang Z, Zhang H, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Cui J, Li G, Du C, Wen K. Remediation mechanism of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals in contaminated soil by Sedum alfredii and native microorganisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:179-188. [PMID: 39003038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology, and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals. However, the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals (HCMHMs) on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain. Thus, further clarification of the mechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required. Using the plant Sedum alfredii (S. alfredii) to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil, we further explored the mechanism of S. alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils. The results showed that (i) S. alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil, which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals. In addition, it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves; (ii) native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes, such as trpE, trpG, bjaI, rpfF, ACSL, and yidC, and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine, then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals. In addition, we speculated that genes such as K19703, K07891, K09711, K19703, K07891, and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals. The results provide scientific basis for S. alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils, and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lieyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jianglong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Caili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kaiyang Wen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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2
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Nikolić I, Čabarkapa I, Pavlić B, Kravić S, Đilas M, Iličić M, Bulut S, Kocić-Tanackov S. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of essential oils on staphylococci isolated from cheese - application of the oil mixture in a cheese model. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 425:110873. [PMID: 39182346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to examine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of angelica, immortelle, laurel, hyssop, and sage plant dust essential oils (EOs) against isolated strains of Staphylococcus spp. from cheeses, in vitro and in the model of white cheese. MALDI-TOF MS analysis confirmed two Staphylococcus aureus strains and two coagulase-negative, identified as S. saprophyticus and S. warneri. All isolates produce biofilm, where the strains of S. aureus showed slightly better adherence. The main component of angelica EO was β-phellandrene (48.19 %), while α-pinene (20.33 %) were dominant in immortelle EO, in hyssop EO cis-pinocamphone (37.25 %), in laurel EO 1,8-cineole (43.15 %) and in sage EO epirosmanol (26.25 %). The sage EO exhibited the strongest antistaphylococcal activity against all isolates. Synergism was also detected in combination of sage with hyssop or laurel EO. Better antibiofilm activity was confirmed for sage EO compared to hyssop EO. The mixture of sage/laurel EOs reduced the total number of staphylococci in the cheese after 4 days. Results indicate that in vitro applied EOs showed significant antistaphylococcal and antibiofilm activity, while the oil mixture reduced the initial total number of staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Nikolić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Čabarkapa
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branimir Pavlić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Kravić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Đilas
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Centre for Microbiology, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mirela Iličić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sandra Bulut
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Allen-Taylor D, Boro G, Cabato P, Mai C, Nguyen K, Rijal G. Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm in inflammatory breast cancer and its treatment strategies. Biofilm 2024; 8:100220. [PMID: 39318870 PMCID: PMC11420492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms represent a significant challenge in both clinical and industrial settings because of their robust nature and resistance to antimicrobials. Biofilms are formed by microorganisms that produce an exopolysaccharide matrix, protecting function and supporting for nutrients. Among the various bacterial species capable of forming biofilms, Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal organism found on human skin and mucous membranes, has emerged as a prominent opportunistic pathogen, when introduced into the body via medical devices, such as catheters, prosthetic joints, and heart valves. The formation of biofilms by S. epidermidis on these surfaces facilitates colonization and provides protection against host immune responses and antibiotic therapies, leading to persistent and difficult-to-treat infections. The possible involvement of biofilms for breast oncogenesis has recently created the curiosity. This paper therefore delves into S. epidermidis biofilm involvement in breast cancer. S. epidermidis biofilms can create a sustained inflammatory environment through their metabolites and can break DNA in breast tissue, promoting cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and genetic instability. Preventing biofilm formation primarily involves preventing bacterial proliferation using prophylactic measures and sterilization of medical devices and equipment. In cancer treatment, common modalities include chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, alkylating agents, and various anticancer drugs. Understanding the relationship between anticancer drugs and bacterial biofilms is crucial, especially for those undergoing cancer treatment who may be at increased risk of bacterial infections, for improving patient outcomes. By elucidating these interactions, strategies to prevent or disrupt biofilm formation, thereby reducing the incidence of infections associated with medical devices and implants, can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allen-Taylor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Tarleton State University, a Member of Texas A & M University System, Fort Worth, Texas, 76036, USA
| | - G. Boro
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Tarleton State University, a Member of Texas A & M University System, Fort Worth, Texas, 76036, USA
| | - P.M. Cabato
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Tarleton State University, a Member of Texas A & M University System, Fort Worth, Texas, 76036, USA
| | - C. Mai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Tarleton State University, a Member of Texas A & M University System, Fort Worth, Texas, 76036, USA
| | - K. Nguyen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Tarleton State University, a Member of Texas A & M University System, Fort Worth, Texas, 76036, USA
| | - G. Rijal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Tarleton State University, a Member of Texas A & M University System, Fort Worth, Texas, 76036, USA
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Islam MS, Alatishe A, Lee-Lopez CC, Serrano F, Yukl ET. H-NOX Influences Biofilm Formation, Central Metabolism, and Quorum Sensing in Paracoccus denitrificans. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 39370609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The transition from planktonic to biofilm growth in bacteria is often accompanied by greater resistance to antibiotics and other stressors, as well as distinct alterations in physical traits, genetic activity, and metabolic restructuring. In many species, the heme nitric oxide/oxygen binding proteins (H-NOX) play an important role in this process, although the signaling mechanisms and pathways in which they participate are quite diverse and largely unknown. In Paracoccus denitrificans, deletion of the hnox gene results in a severe biofilm-deficient phenotype. Quantitative proteomics was used to assemble a comprehensive data set of P. denitrificans proteins showing altered abundance of those involved in several important metabolic pathways. Further, decreased levels of pyruvate and elevated levels of C16 homoserine lactone were detected for the Δhnox strain, associating the biofilm deficiency with altered central carbon metabolism and quorum sensing, respectively. These results expand our knowledge of the important role of H-NOX signaling in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shariful Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University, Bashundhara RA, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Aishat Alatishe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Cameron C Lee-Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Fred Serrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Erik T Yukl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
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Luo W, Zhang M, Zhou X, Xu X, Cheng X. Polyketides/nonribosomal peptides from Streptococcus mutans and their ecological roles in dental biofilm. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:261-269. [PMID: 38212261 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the major etiological agent of dental caries in humans. S. mutans overgrowth within dental biofilms can trigger biofilm dysbiosis, ultimately leading to the initiation or progression of dental caries. Polyketides and nonribosomal peptides (PKs/NRPs) are secondary metabolites with complex structures encoded by a cluster of biosynthetic genes. Although not essential for microbial growth, PKs/NRPs play important roles in physiological regulation. Three main classes of hybrid PKs/NRPs in S. mutans have been identified, including mutanobactin, mutanocyclin, and mutanofactin, encoded by the mub, muc, and muf gene clusters, respectively. These three hybrid PKs/NRPs play important roles in environmental adaptation, biofilm formation, and interspecies competition of S. mutans. In this review, we provide an overview of the major hybrid PKs/NRPs of S. mutans, including mutanobactin, mutanocyclin, and mutanofactin and address their ecological roles in dental biofilms. We place specific emphasis on important questions that are yet to be answered to provide novel insights into the cariogenic mechanism of S. mutans and facilitate improved management of dental caries. We highlight that S. mutans PKs/NRPs may be potential novel targets for the prevention and treatment of S. mutans-induced dental caries. The development of genomics, metabolomics, and mass spectrometry, together with the integration of various databases and bioinformatics tools, will allow the identification and synthesis of other secondary metabolites. Elucidating their physicochemical properties and their ecological roles in oral biofilms is crucial in the identification of novel targets for the ecological management of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengdie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingqun Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Nguyen HT, Pham TT, Nguyen PT, Le-Buanec H, Rabetafika HN, Razafindralambo HL. Advances in Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Present and Future Applications. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1162. [PMID: 39334928 PMCID: PMC11430787 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are receiving growing interest today, owing to their diversity in chemical structure and source, multiple functions, and immense potential applications in many food and non-food industries. Their health-promoting benefits for humans deserve particular attention because of their various biological activities and physiological functions. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of microbial EPSs, covering (1) their chemical and biochemical diversity, including composition, biosynthesis, and bacterial sources belonging mainly to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or probiotics; (2) their technological and analytical aspects, especially their production mode and characterization; (3) their biological and physiological aspects based on their activities and functions; and (4) their current and future uses in medical and pharmaceutical fields, particularly for their prebiotic, anticancer, and immunobiotic properties, as well as their applications in other industrial and agricultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen City 880000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Thu Duc City, HCM City 71308, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Trang Pham
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen City 880000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Thu Duc City, HCM City 71308, Vietnam
| | - Phu-Tho Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen City 880000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Thu Duc City, HCM City 71308, Vietnam
| | - Hélène Le-Buanec
- INSERM U976-HIPI Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Hary L Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, 5004 Namur, Belgium
- TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 PMCID: PMC11391705 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Carter MQ, Carychao D, Lindsey RL. Conditional expression of flagellar motility, curli fimbriae, and biofilms in Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia albertii. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1456637. [PMID: 39318426 PMCID: PMC11420993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. We previously reported that some avian Shiga toxin-producing E. albertii strains exhibited higher or comparable cytotoxicity in Vero-d2EGFP cells with several enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) outbreak strains. To better understand the environmental persistence of this pathogen, comparative genomics and phenotypic assays were applied to assess adhesion capability, motility, and biofilm formation in E. albertii. Among the 108 adherence-related genes, those involved in biogenesis of curli fimbriae, hemorrhagic E. coli pilus, type 1 fimbriae, and Sfm fimbriae were conserved in E. albertii. All 20 E. albertii strains carried a complete set of primary flagellar genes that were organized into four gene clusters, while five strains possessed genes related to the secondary flagella, also known as lateral flagella. Compared to EHEC strain EDL933, the eight chemotaxis genes located within the primary flagellar gene clusters were deleted in E. albertii. Additional deletion of motility genes flhABCD and motBC was identified in several E. albertii strains. Swimming motility was detected in three strains when grown in LB medium, however, when grown in 5% TSB or in the pond water-supplemented with 10% pigeon droppings, an additional four strains became motile. Although all E. albertii strains carried curli genes, curli fimbriae were detected only in four, eight, and nine strains following 24, 48, and 120 h incubation, respectively. Type 1 fimbriae were undetectable in any of the strains grown at 37°C or 28°C. Strong biofilms were detected in strains that produced curli fimbriae and in a chicken isolate that was curli fimbriae negative but carried genes encoding adhesive fimbriae K88, a signature of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains causing neonatal diarrhea in piglets. In all phenotypic traits examined, no correlation was revealed between the strains isolated from different sources, or between the strains with and without Shiga toxin genes. The phenotypic variations could not be explained solely by the genetic diversity or the difference in adherence genes repertoire, implying complex regulation in expression of various adhesins. Strains that exhibited a high level of cytotoxicity and were also proficient in biofilm production, may have potential to emerge into high-risk pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Qiu Carter
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Diana Carychao
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca L Lindsey
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Lee H, Hwang SH, Shin H, Ha NC, Wang Q, Choi SH. Identification and characterization of a small molecule BFstatin inhibiting BrpR, the transcriptional regulator for biofilm formation of Vibrio vulnificus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1468567. [PMID: 39314881 PMCID: PMC11416940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria form biofilms that are resistant to not only host immune defenses but also antibiotics, posing a need for the development of strategies to control biofilms. In this study, to prevent biofilm formation of the fulminating foodborne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, chemical libraries were extensively screened to identify a small molecule inhibiting the activity of BrpR, a transcriptional regulator for biofilm genes. Accordingly, the BrpR inhibitor BFstatin [N1-(2-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-N3-propylmalonamide], with a half-maximal effective concentration of 8.01 μM, was identified. BFstatin did not interfere with bacterial growth or exhibit cytotoxicity to the human epithelial cell line. BFstatin directly bound to BrpR and interrupted its binding to the target promoter DNAs of the downstream genes. Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between BFstatin and BrpR proposed that BFstatin modifies the structure of BrpR, especially the DNA-binding domain. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that BFstatin reduces the expression of the BrpR regulon including the cabABC operon and brp locus which contribute to the production of biofilm matrix of V. vulnificus. Accordingly, BFstatin diminished the biofilm levels of V. vulnificus by inhibiting the matrix development in a concentration-dependent manner. Altogether, BFstatin could be an anti-biofilm agent targeting BrpR, thereby rendering V. vulnificus more susceptible to host immune defenses and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee MMS, Yu EY, Chau JHC, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Tang BZ. Expanding Our Horizons: AIE Materials in Bacterial Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407707. [PMID: 39246197 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria share a longstanding and complex relationship with humans, playing a role in protecting gut health and sustaining the ecosystem to cause infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Luminogenic materials that share aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics have emerged as a versatile toolbox for bacterial studies through fluorescence visualization. Numerous research efforts highlight the superiority of AIE materials in this field. Recent advances in AIE materials in bacterial studies are categorized into four areas: understanding bacterial interactions, antibacterial strategies, diverse applications, and synergistic applications with bacteria. Initial research focuses on visualizing the unseen bacteria and progresses into developing strategies involving electrostatic interactions, amphiphilic AIE luminogens (AIEgens), and various AIE materials to enhance bacterial affinity. Recent progress in antibacterial strategies includes using photodynamic and photothermal therapies, bacterial toxicity studies, and combined therapies. Diverse applications from environmental disinfection to disease treatment, utilizing AIE materials in antibacterial coatings, bacterial sensors, wound healing materials, etc., are also provided. Finally, synergistic applications combining AIE materials with bacteria to achieve enhanced outcomes are explored. This review summarizes the developmental trend of AIE materials in bacterial studies and is expected to provide future research directions in advancing bacterial methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Eric Y Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Joe H C Chau
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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11
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Squyres GR, Newman DK. Biofilms as more than the sum of their parts: lessons from developmental biology. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 82:102537. [PMID: 39241276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Although our understanding of both bacterial cell physiology and the complex behaviors exhibited by bacterial biofilms is expanding rapidly, we cannot yet sum the behaviors of individual cells to understand or predict biofilm behavior. This is both because cell physiology in biofilms is different from planktonic growth and because cell behavior in biofilms is spatiotemporally patterned. We use developmental biology as a guide to examine this phenotypic patterning, discussing candidate cues that may encode spatiotemporal information and possible roles for phenotypic patterning in biofilms. We consider other questions that arise from the comparison between biofilm and eukaryotic development, including what defines normal biofilm development and the nature of biofilm cell types and fates. We conclude by discussing what biofilm development can tell us about developmental processes, emphasizing the additional challenges faced by bacteria in biofilm development compared with their eukaryotic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia R Squyres
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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12
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Li F, Yu H, Zhang B, Hu C, Lan F, Wang Y, You Z, Liu Q, Tang R, Zhang J, Li C, Shi L, Li WW, Nealson KH, Liu Z, Song H. Engineered Cell Elongation Promotes Extracellular Electron Transfer of Shewanella Oneidensis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403067. [PMID: 39234800 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
To investigate how cell elongation impacts extracellular electron transfer (EET) of electroactive microorganisms (EAMs), the division of model EAM Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) MR-1 is engineered by reducing the formation of cell divisome. Specially, by blocking the translation of division proteins via anti-sense RNAs or expressing division inhibitors, the cellular length and output power density are all increased. Electrophysiological and transcriptomic results synergistically reveal that the programmed cell elongation reinforces EET by enhancing NADH oxidation, inner-membrane quinone pool, and abundance of c-type cytochromes. Moreover, cell elongation enhances hydrophobicity due to decreased cell-surface polysaccharide, thus facilitates the initial surface adhesion stage during biofilm formation. The output current and power density all increase in positive correction with cellular length. However, inhibition of cell division reduces cell growth, which is then restored by quorum sensing-based dynamic regulation of cell growth and elongation phases. The QS-regulated elongated strain thus enables a cell length of 143.6 ± 40.3 µm (72.6-fold of that of S. oneidensis MR-1), which results in an output power density of 248.0 ± 10.6 mW m-2 (3.41-fold of that of S. oneidensis MR-1) and exhibits superior potential for pollutant treatment. Engineering cellular length paves an innovate avenue for enhancing the EET of EAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chaoning Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zixuan You
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qijing Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chao Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience in Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kenneth H Nealson
- Departments of Earth Science & Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 4953 Harriman Ave., South Pasadena, CA, 91030, USA
| | - ZhanYing Liu
- Center for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Fermentation Industry in Inner Mongolia, Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia for Green Manufacturing in Bio-fermentation Industry, and School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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13
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Molendijk MM, Boekema BKHL, Lattwein KR, Vlig M, Bode LGM, Koopmans MPG, Verbon A, de Graaf M, van Wamel WJB. Bacteriophage therapy reduces Staphylococcus aureus in a porcine and human ex vivo burn wound infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0065024. [PMID: 39136463 PMCID: PMC11373223 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00650-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Burn wounds are a major burden, with high mortality rates due to infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent of burn wound infections, which can be difficult to treat because of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. An alternative to antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria. We investigated the efficacy of bacteriophage therapy for burn wound infections, in both a porcine and a newly developed human ex vivo skin model. In both models, the efficacy of a reference antibiotic treatment (fusidic acid) and bacteriophage treatment was determined for a single treatment, successive treatment, and prophylaxis. Both models showed a reduction in bacterial load after a single bacteriophage treatment. Increasing the frequency of bacteriophage treatments increased bacteriophage efficacy in the human ex vivo skin model, but not in the porcine model. In both models, prophylaxis with bacteriophages increased treatment efficacy. In all cases, bacteriophage treatment outperformed fusidic acid treatment. Both models allowed investigation of bacteriophage-bacteria dynamics in burn wounds. Overall, bacteriophage treatment outperformed antibiotic control underlining the potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of burn wound infections, especially when used prophylactically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle M Molendijk
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kirby R Lattwein
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke G M Bode
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Annelies Verbon
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J B van Wamel
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Rajkhowa S, Hussain SZ, Agarwal M, Zaheen A, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. Advancing Antibiotic-Resistant Microbe Combat: Nanocarrier-Based Systems in Combination Therapy Targeting Quorum Sensing. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1160. [PMID: 39339197 PMCID: PMC11434747 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a significant risk to worldwide public health, emphasizing the necessity of novel approaches to address infections. Quorum sensing, an essential method of communication among bacteria, controls activities like the formation of biofilms, the production of virulence factors, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites according to the number of individuals in the population. Quorum quenching, which interferes with these processes, emerges as a vital approach to diminish bacterial virulence and prevent biofilm formation. Nanocarriers, characterized by their small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and modifiable surface chemistry, offer a versatile platform for the disruption of bacterial communication by targeting various stages within the quorum sensing pathway. These features allow nanocarriers to infiltrate biofilms, disrupt cell membranes, and inhibit bacterial proliferation, presenting a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics. Integrating nanocarrier-based systems into combination therapies provides a multi-pronged approach to infection control, enhancing both the efficacy and specificity of treatment regimens. Nonetheless, challenges related to the stability, safety, and clinical effectiveness of nanomaterial-based antimicrobial treatments remain. Continued research and development are essential to overcoming these obstacles and fully harnessing the potential of nano-antimicrobial therapies. This review emphasizes the importance of quorum sensing in bacterial behavior and highlights the transformative potential of nanotechnology in advancing antimicrobial treatments, offering innovative solutions to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchaita Rajkhowa
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (S.Z.H.); (M.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Safrina Zeenat Hussain
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (S.Z.H.); (M.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (S.Z.H.); (M.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alaiha Zaheen
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (S.Z.H.); (M.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
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15
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Amoah K, Cai J, Huang Y, Wang B, Shija VM, Wang Z, Jin X, Cai S, Lu Y, Jian J. Identification and characterization of four Bacillus species from the intestine of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂), their antagonistic role on common pathogenic bacteria, and effects on intestinal health. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109795. [PMID: 39069109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative to the criticized antibiotics, probiotics have been adopted for their eco-friendly nature and ability to enhance host growth and immunity. Nevertheless, reports suggest ineffectiveness in commercially available probiotics since most are from non-fish sources; thus, this study was envisaged to isolate and characterize new Bacillus spp. from the gut of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) which could serve as potential probiotics. The isolation and characterization were performed based on their morphological and biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequencing homology analysis. A subsequent 30-day in vivo biosafety feeding trial was conducted to ascertain isolates' non-pathogenicity, as well as their effects on fish growth, and intestinal mucosal microvilli via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Four Bacillus spp. strains, namely, B. velezensis strain PGSAK01 (accession number OQ726606), B. stercoris strain PGSAK05 (accession number OQ726607), B. velezensis strain PGSAK17 (accession number OQ726601), and B. subtilis strain PGSAK19 (accession number OQ726605), were identified and characterized in the current study. The strains showed promising probiotic properties such higher adhesion capability, higher thermotolerance, displaying higher survivability to 0.5 % bile, lower pH tolerance, γ-haemolytic activity, and multispecies characteristics. Among the 24 antibiotics tested, while all isolates showed susceptibility to 21, the PGSAK01 strain showed resistance to furazolidone antibiotics. None of the isolates showed possession of i) virulence factor genes encoding enterotoxigenic (hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, and entFM) and emetic (cereulide synthetase gene, ces) genes, and ii) streptomycin resistance gene (vat c), ampicillin-resistant genes (mecA and bla), and vancomycin-resistant gene (van B). Nevertheless, the PGSAK01 and PGSAK17 strains showed possession of tek K, cat, and ant(4')-Ia (adenylyltransferase) (except the PGSAK01) resistant genes. All isolates displayed better antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, Vibrio harveyi, and V. alginolyticus. The in vivo biosafety trial involved hybrid grouper fish being grouped into five (average weight 32 ± 0.94 g), namely, the group fed the basal diet void of isolate's supplementation (control), and the remaining four groups fed the basal diet with 1 × 108 CFU/g diet of individual strain PGSAK01, PGSAK05, PGSAK17, and PGSAK19 supplementation. At the end of the study, a significantly higher WGR, K (except the PGSAK01 group), VSI; lysozyme (except PGSAK01 group), total antioxidant activity, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase enzyme activities; highly dense intestinal mucosal villi (based on the scanning electron microscopy analysis); and significantly lower malondialdehyde levels were witnessed in the isolated treated groups compared to the control, supporting the results obtained in the auto-aggregation and cell-surface hydrophobicity test. This work's results have provided thought-provoking targets; thus, studies involving extensive genome sequencing and functional annotation analysis will be explored to offer unfathomable insights into their mechanisms of action and potential health benefits, further establishing the four Bacillus strains' (PGSAK01, PGSAK05, PGSAK17, and PGSAK19) potential role in probiotic fields and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Vicent Michael Shija
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
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16
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Wang X, Chen C, Hu J, Liu C, Ning Y, Lu F. Current strategies for monitoring and controlling bacterial biofilm formation on medical surfaces. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116709. [PMID: 39024943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms, intricate microbial communities that attach to surfaces, especially medical devices, form an exopolysaccharide matrix, which enables bacteria to resist environmental pressures and conventional antimicrobial agents, leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Biofilm-related infections associated with medical devices are a significant public health threat, compromising device performance. Therefore, developing effective methods for supervising and managing biofilm growth is imperative. This in-depth review presents a systematic overview of strategies for monitoring and controlling bacterial biofilms. We first outline the biofilm creation process and its regulatory mechanisms. The discussion then progresses to advancements in biosensors for biofilm detection and diverse treatment strategies. Lastly, this review examines the obstacles and new perspectives associated with this domain to facilitate the advancement of innovative monitoring and control solutions. These advancements are vital in combating the spread of multi drug-resistant bacteria and mitigating public health risks associated with infections from biofilm formation on medical instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjing Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Hu
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ning
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangguo Lu
- Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Hassan AS, Heflen ES, Nguyen KD, Parrett GA, Risser DD. EbsA is essential for both motility and biofilm formation in the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001498. [PMID: 39287971 PMCID: PMC11407516 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Many cyanobacteria, both unicellular and filamentous, exhibit surface motility driven by type IV pili (T4P). While the component parts of the T4P machinery described in other prokaryotes are largely conserved in cyanobacteria, there are also several T4P proteins that appear to be unique to this phylum. One recently discovered component is EbsA, which has been characterized in two unicellular cyanobacteria. EbsA was found to form a complex with other T4P proteins and is essential for motility. Additionally, deletion of ebsA in one of these strains promoted the formation of biofilms. To expand the understanding of ebsA in cyanobacteria, its role in motility and biofilm formation were investigated in the model filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. Expression of ebsA was strictly limited to hormogonia, the motile filaments of N. punctiforme. Deletion of ebsA did not affect hormogonium development but resulted in the loss of motility and the failure to accumulate surface pili or produce hormogonium polysaccharide (HPS), consistent with pervious observations in unicellular cyanobacteria. Protein-protein interaction studies indicated that EbsA directly interacts with PilB, and the localization of EbsA-GFP resembled that previously shown for both PilB and Hfq. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that EbsA forms a complex along with PilB and Hfq that is essential for T4P extension. In contrast, rather than enhancing biofilm formation, deletion of both ebsA and pilB abolish biofilm formation in N. punctiforme, implying that distinct modalities for the relationship between motility, T4P function and biofilm formation may exist in different cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya S. Hassan
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Ethan S. Heflen
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Khoa D. Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Parrett
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Douglas D. Risser
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
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18
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Wilson T, Siddiqi M, Xi Y, LaPointe G. Tracking the microbial communities from the farm to the processing facility of a washed-rind cheese operation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404795. [PMID: 39268533 PMCID: PMC11390512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk residue and the accompanying biofilm accumulation in milking systems can compromise the microbial quality of milk and the downstream processes of cheese production. Over a six-month study, the microbial ecosystems of milk (n = 24), tap water (n = 24) and environmental swabs (n = 384) were cultured by plating decimal dilutions to obtain viable counts of total aerobic mesophilic lactose-utilizing bacteria (lactose-M17), lactic acid bacteria (MRS), yeasts and molds (Yeast, Glucose, Chloramphenicol (YGC) medium). Viable aerobic lactose-M17 plate counts of milk remained well below 4.7 log CFU/ml over five of the months, except for 1 week in November where milk at the facility exceeded 5 log CFU/ml. Swab samples of the farm milking equipment showed consistent viable counts after sanitation, while the bulk tank swabs contained the lowest counts. Viable counts from swabs of the facility were generally below the detection limit in the majority of samples with occasional residual contamination on some food contact surfaces. Extracted DNA was amplified using primers targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and the amplicons were sequenced by MiSeq to determine the shared microbiota between the farm and the processing facility (8 genera). Culture independent analysis of bacterial taxa in milk, water and residual contamination after sanitation with swab samples revealed the shared and distinct microbiota between the sample types of both facilities. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the microbiota of milk samples had lower diversity than water or environmental swabs (279 ASVs compared to 3,444 in water and 8,747 in environmental swabs). Brevibacterium and Yaniella (both Actinomycetota) were observed in all sampling types. Further studies will include whole genome sequencing of Brevibacterium spp. isolates to determine their functionality and diversity within the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Wilson
- Dairy at Guelph, Canadian Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Myra Siddiqi
- Dairy at Guelph, Canadian Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yueqi Xi
- Dairy at Guelph, Canadian Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Dairy at Guelph, Canadian Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Sheng H, Ndeddy Aka RJ, Wu S. Lipopolysaccharide Core Truncation in Invasive Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 Impairs Flagella and Curli Biosynthesis and Reduces Cell Invasion Ability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9224. [PMID: 39273173 PMCID: PMC11394844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157) is known for causing severe foodborne illnesses such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Although E. coli O157 is typically regarded as an extracellular pathogen and a weak biofilm producer, some E. coli O157 strains, including a clinical strain ATCC 43895, exhibit a notable ability to invade bovine crypt cells and other epithelial cells, as well as to form robust biofilm. This invasive strain persists in the bovine host significantly longer than non-invasive strains. Various surface-associated factors, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), flagella, and other adhesins, likely contribute to this enhanced invasiveness and biofilm formation. In this study, we constructed a series of LPS-core deletion mutations (waaI, waaG, waaF, and waaC) in E. coli O157 ATCC 43895, resulting in stepwise truncations of the LPS. This approach enabled us to investigate the effects on the biosynthesis of key surface factors, such as flagella and curli, and the ability of this invasive strain to invade host cells. We confirmed the LPS structure and found that all LPS-core mutants failed to form biofilms, highlighting the crucial role of core oligosaccharides in biofilm formation. Additionally, the LPS inner-core mutants ΔwaaF and ΔwaaC lost the ability to produce flagella and curli. Furthermore, these inner-core mutants exhibited a dramatic reduction in adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells (MAC-T), showing an approximately 100-fold decrease in cell invasion compared with the outer-core mutants (waaI and waaG) and the wild type. These findings underscore the critical role of LPS-core truncation in impairing flagella and curli biosynthesis, thereby reducing the invasion capability of E. coli O157 ATCC 43895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Sheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Robinson J Ndeddy Aka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Sarah Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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Mishra A, Tabassum N, Aggarwal A, Kim YM, Khan F. Artificial Intelligence-Driven Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Pathogens on Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:788. [PMID: 39200087 PMCID: PMC11351874 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing threat of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens to human health worldwide emphasizes the need for more effective infection control strategies. Bacterial and fungal biofilms pose a major challenge in treating AMR pathogen infections. Biofilms are formed by pathogenic microbes encased in extracellular polymeric substances to confer protection from antimicrobials and the host immune system. Biofilms also promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant mutants and latent persister cells and thus complicate therapeutic approaches. Biofilms are ubiquitous and cause serious health risks due to their ability to colonize various surfaces, including human tissues, medical devices, and food-processing equipment. Detection and characterization of biofilms are crucial for prompt intervention and infection control. To this end, traditional approaches are often effective, yet they fail to identify the microbial species inside biofilms. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have provided new avenues to improve biofilm identification. Machine-learning algorithms and image-processing techniques have shown promise for the accurate and efficient detection of biofilm-forming microorganisms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. These advancements have the potential to transform biofilm research and clinical practice by allowing faster diagnosis and more tailored therapy. This comprehensive review focuses on the application of AI techniques for the identification of biofilm-forming pathogens in various industries, including healthcare, food safety, and agriculture. The review discusses the existing approaches, challenges, and potential applications of AI in biofilm research, with a particular focus on the role of AI in improving diagnostic capacities and guiding preventative actions. The synthesis of the current knowledge and future directions, as described in this review, will guide future research and development efforts in combating biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Aggarwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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21
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Xia R, Jiang Z, Zhou Y, Pan L, Wang Y, Ma Y, Fan L, Yuan L, Cheng X. Oral microbiota and gastric cancer: recent highlights and knowledge gaps. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2391640. [PMID: 39161727 PMCID: PMC11332296 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2391640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and has a high mortality rate. However, tests for the early screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer are limited and invasive. Certain oral microorganisms are over-expressed in gastric cancer, but there is heterogeneity among different studies. Notably, each oral ecological niche harbors specific microorganisms. Among them, tongue coating, saliva, and dental plaque are important and unique ecological niches in the oral cavity. The colonization environment in different oral niches may be a source of heterogeneity. In this paper, we systematically discuss the latest developments in the field of the oral microbiota and gastric cancer and elucidate the enrichment of microorganisms in the oral ecological niches of the tongue coatings, saliva, and dental plaque in gastric cancer patients. The various potential mechanisms by which the oral microbiota induces gastric cancer (activation of an excessive inflammatory response; promotion of proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis; and secretion of carcinogens, leading to imbalance in gastric microbial communities) are explored. In this paper, we also highlight the applications of the rapeutics targeting the oral microbiota in gastric cancer and suggests future research directions related to the relationship between the oral microbiota and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengchen Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Eghbalpoor F, Gorji M, Alavigeh MZ, Moghadam MT. Genetically engineered phages and engineered phage-derived enzymes to destroy biofilms of antibiotics resistance bacteria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35666. [PMID: 39170521 PMCID: PMC11336853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
"An impregnable stronghold where one or more warrior clans can evade enemy attacks" may serve as a description of bacterial biofilm on a smaller level than human conflicts. Consider this hypothetical conflict: who would emerge victorious? The occupants of secure trenches or those carrying out relentless assault? Either faction has the potential for triumph; the defenders will prevail if they can fortify the trench with unwavering resolve, while the assailants will succeed if they can devise innovative means to breach the trench. Hence, bacterial biofilms pose a significant challenge and are formidable adversaries for medical professionals, often leading to the failure of antibiotic treatments in numerous hospital infections. Phage engineering has become the foundation for the targeted enhancement of various phage properties, facilitating the eradication of biofilms. Researchers across the globe have studied the impact of engineered phages and phage-derived enzymes on biofilms formed by difficult-to-treat bacteria. These novel biological agents have shown promising results in addressing biofilm-related challenges. The compilation of research findings highlights the impressive capabilities of engineered phages in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, superbugs, and challenging infections. Specifically, these engineered phages exhibit enhanced biofilm destruction, penetration, and prevention capabilities compared to their natural counterparts. Additionally, the engineered enzymes derived from phages demonstrate improved effectiveness in addressing bacterial biofilms. As a result, these novel solutions, which demonstrate high penetration, destruction, and inhibition of biofilms, can be regarded as a viable option for addressing infectious biofilms in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eghbalpoor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Gorji
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani Alavigeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Şimşek E, Kim K, Lu J, Silver A, Luo N, Lee CT, You L. A 'rich-get-richer' mechanism drives patchy dynamics and resistance evolution in antibiotic-treated bacteria. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:880-897. [PMID: 38877321 PMCID: PMC11297297 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in nature often form surface-attached communities that initially comprise distinct subpopulations, or patches. For pathogens, these patches can form at infection sites, persist during antibiotic treatment, and develop into mature biofilms. Evidence suggests that patches can emerge due to heterogeneity in the growth environment and bacterial seeding, as well as cell-cell signaling. However, it is unclear how these factors contribute to patch formation and how patch formation might affect bacterial survival and evolution. Here, we demonstrate that a 'rich-get-richer' mechanism drives patch formation in bacteria exhibiting collective survival (CS) during antibiotic treatment. Modeling predicts that the seeding heterogeneity of these bacteria is amplified by local CS and global resource competition, leading to patch formation. Increasing the dose of a non-eradicating antibiotic treatment increases the degree of patchiness. Experimentally, we first demonstrated the mechanism using engineered Escherichia coli and then demonstrated its applicability to a pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We further showed that the formation of P. aeruginosa patches promoted the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Our work provides new insights into population dynamics and resistance evolution during surface-attached bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Şimşek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kyeri Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Anita Silver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Charlotte T Lee
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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24
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Mishra S, Gantayat S, Dhara C, Bhatt A, Singh M, Vijayakumar S, Rajput M. Advances in bioinspired nanomaterials managing microbial biofilms and virulence: A critical analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106738. [PMID: 38857710 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Microbial virulence and biofilm formation stand as a big concern against the goal of achieving a green and sustainable future. Microbial pathogenesis is the process by which the microbes (bacterial, fungal, and viral) cause illness in their respective host organism. 'Nanotechnology' is a state-of-art discipline to address this problem. The use of conventional techniques against microbial proliferation has been challenging against the environment. To tackle this problem, there has been a revolution in this multi-disciplinary field, to address the aspect of bioinspired nanomaterials in the antibiofilm and antimicrobial sector. Bioinspired nanomaterials prove to be a potential antibiofilm and antimicrobial agent as they are non-hazardous to the environment and mostly synthesized using a single-step reduction protocol. They exhibit synergistic effects against bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens and thereby, control the virulence. In this literature review, we have elucidated the potential of bioinspired nanoparticles as well as nanomaterials as a promising anti-microbial treatment pedagogy and throw light on the advancements in how smart photo-switchable platforms have been designed to exhibit both bacterial releasing as well as bacterial-killing properties. Certain limitations and possible outcomes of these bio-based nanomaterials have been discussed in the hope of achieving a green and sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Mishra
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India.
| | - Saumyatika Gantayat
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Chandrajeet Dhara
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Ayush Bhatt
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Monika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O., Chandanwari, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China, 264209
| | - Minakshi Rajput
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O., Chandanwari, Dehradun, 248007, India; Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India.
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25
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Yu Q, Li H, Du L, Shen L, Zhang J, Yuan L, Yao H, Xiao H, Bai Q, Jia Y, Qiu J, Li Y. Transcriptional regulation of the yersiniabactin receptor fyuA gene by the ferric uptake regulator in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2400001. [PMID: 38679904 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global regulator that influences the expression of virulence genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioinformatics analysis suggests Fur may involve in iron acquisition via the identified regulatory box upstream of the yersiniabactin receptor gene fyuA. To observe the impact of the gene fyuA on the virulence of K. pneumoniae, the gene fyuA knockout strain and complementation strain were constructed and then conducted a series of phenotypic experiments including chrome azurol S (CAS) detection, crystal violet staining, and wax moth virulence experiment. To examine the regulatory relationship between Fur and the gene fyuA, green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene fusion assay, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), gel migration assay (EMSA), and DNase I footprinting assay were used to clarify the regulatory mechanism of Fur on fyuA. CAS detection revealed that the gene fyuA could affect the generation of iron carriers in K. pneumoniae. Crystal violet staining experiment showed that fyuA could positively influence biofilm formation. Wax moth virulence experiment indicated that the deletion of the fyuA could weaken bacterial virulence. GFP reporter gene fusion experiment and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Fur negatively regulated the expression of fyuA in iron-sufficient environment. EMSA experiment demonstrated that Fur could directly bind to the promoter region of fyuA, and DNase I footprinting assay further identified the specific binding site sequences. The study showed that Fur negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of fyuA by binding to upstream of the gene promoter region, and then affected the virulence of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailin Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Du
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lifei Shen
- Jiangbei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangbei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- Jiangbei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangbei, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyue Yuan
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang Yao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingli Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hubert A, Tabuteau H, Farasin J, Loncar A, Dufresne A, Méheust Y, Le Borgne T. Fluid flow drives phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial growth and adhesion on surfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6161. [PMID: 39039040 PMCID: PMC11263347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often thrive in surface-attached communities, where they can form biofilms affording them multiple advantages. In this sessile form, fluid flow is a key component of their environments, renewing nutrients and transporting metabolic products and signaling molecules. It also controls colonization patterns and growth rates on surfaces, through bacteria transport, attachment and detachment. However, the current understanding of bacterial growth on surfaces neglects the possibility that bacteria may modulate their division behavior as a response to flow. Here, we employed single-cell imaging in microfluidic experiments to demonstrate that attached Escherichia coli cells can enter a growth arrest state while simultaneously enhancing their adhesion underflow. Despite utilizing clonal populations, we observed a non-uniform response characterized by bistable dynamics, with co-existing subpopulations of non-dividing and actively dividing bacteria. As the proportion of non-dividing bacteria increased with the applied flow rate, it resulted in a reduction in the average growth rate of bacterial populations on flow-exposed surfaces. Dividing bacteria exhibited asymmetric attachment, whereas non-dividing counterparts adhered to the surface via both cell poles. Hence, this phenotypic diversity allows bacterial colonies to combine enhanced attachment with sustained growth, although at a reduced rate, which may be a significant advantage in fluctuating flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Hubert
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 University of Rennes and CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Hervé Tabuteau
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251 University of Rennes and CNRS, Rennes, France.
| | - Julien Farasin
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 University of Rennes and CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Aleksandar Loncar
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 University of Rennes and CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Alexis Dufresne
- ECOBIO, UMR 6553 University of Rennes and CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Méheust
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 University of Rennes and CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Tanguy Le Borgne
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 University of Rennes and CNRS, Rennes, France.
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Valdés DA, Minter JE. Clinical use and applications of a citrate-based antiseptic lavage for the prevention and treatment of PJI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1397192. [PMID: 39015785 PMCID: PMC11249742 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1397192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Total joint arthroplasties (TJA) are some of the most commonly performed surgeries in the United States with the number of TJA expected to rise significantly over the next decade as the population ages and arthritic burden worsens. However, the rise in TJA volume correlates with a heightened risk of complications, notably prosthetic joint infections (PJI), despite their low occurrence rate of less than 2%. PJI imposes a significant burden on surgery success, patient well-being, and healthcare costs, with an estimated annual expense of 1.85 billion dollars for hip and knee PJI by 2030. This manuscript delves into the pathophysiology of PJI, exploring our current understanding of the role of bacterial biofilm formation on implanted foreign hardware, providing protection against the host immune system and antibiotics. The article reviews current agents and their efficacy in treating PJI, as well as their cytotoxicity toward native cells involved in wound healing, prompting the exploration of a novel citrate-based solution. The paper highlights the superior properties and efficacy of a novel citrate-based irrigation solution on the treatment and prevention of PJI via increased antimicrobial properties, greater biofilm disruption, increased exposure time, and reduced cytotoxicity compared to conventional solutions, positioning it as a promising alternative. It also provides a perspective on its clinical use in the operating theater, with a step-by-step approach in TJA, whether primary or revisionary.
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28
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Xie Z, Ou Z, Zhang M, Tang G, Cheng X, Cao W, Luo J, Fang F, Sun Y, Li M, Cai J, Feng Q. Indole-3-acetic acid regulating the initial adhesion of microalgae in biofilm formation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119093. [PMID: 38723991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Regulating the microalgal initial adhesion in biofilm formation is a key approach to address the challenges of attached microalgae cultivation. As a type of phytohormone, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) can promote the growth and metabolism of microalgae. However, limited knowledge has been acquired of how IAA can change the initial adhesion of microalgae in biofilm formation. This study focused on investigating the initial adhesion of microalgae under different IAA concentrations exposure in biofilm formation. The results showed that IAA showed obvious hormesis-like effects on the initial adhesion ability of microalgae biofilm. Under exposure to the low concentration (0.1 mg/L) of IAA, the initial adhesion quantity of microalgae on the surface of the carrier reached the highest value of 7.2 g/m2. However, exposure to the excessively high concentration (10 mg/L) of IAA led to a decrease in the initial adhesion capability of microalgal biofilms. The enhanced adhesion of microalgal biofilms due to IAA was attributed to the upregulation of genes related to the Calvin Cycle, which promoted the synthesis of hydrophobic amino acids, leading to increased protein secretion and altering the surface electron donor characteristics of microalgal biofilms. This, in turn, reduced the energy barrier between the carriers and microalgae. The research findings would provide crucial support for the application of IAA in regulating the operation of microalgal biofilm systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Zixuan Ou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Meili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Guotao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Wangbei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yingqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui, 230039, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Juan Cai
- Zhejiang Environment Technology co.Ltd., 310030, PR China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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Jonblat S, As-sadi F, El Khoury A, Badr N, Kallassy M, Chokr A. Determining the dispersion time in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm using physical and molecular approaches. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32389. [PMID: 38975180 PMCID: PMC11225768 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being an innocuous commensal of human skin and mucous membranes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, infects surgical wounds and causes infections through biofilm formation. This study evaluates, in a time-dependent experiment, the self-dispersion of S. epidermidis CIP 444 biofilm when formed on borosilicate glass (hydrophilic) and polystyrene (hydrophobic) surfaces, using physical and molecular approaches. During a seven-day period of incubation, absorbance measurement revealed a drop in biofilm optical density on both studied surfaces on day 4 (0.043-0.035 nm/cm2, polystyrene), (0.06-0.053 nm/cm2, borosilicate glass). Absorbance results were correlated with crystal violet staining that showed a clear detachment from day 4. The blue color increases again on day 7, with an increase in biofilm optical density indicating the regeneration of the biofilm. Changes in gene expression in the S. epidermidis biofilm were assessed using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. High expression of agr genes was detected on days 4 and 5, confirming our supposition of dispersion in this period, autolysin genes like atlE1 and aae were upregulated from day 3 until day 6 and the genes responsible for slime production and biofilm accumulation, were upregulated on days 4, 5, and 6 (ica ADBC) and on days 5, 6 and 7 (aap), indicating a dual process taking place. These findings suggest that S. epidermidis CIP 444 biofilms disperse at day 4 and reform at day 7. Over the course of the seven-day investigation, 2-ΔΔCt results showed that some genes in the biofilm were dramatically enhanced while others were significantly decreased as compared to planktonic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jonblat
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Functional Genomic and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Falah As-sadi
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, 999095, Lebanon
| | - Andre El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Neressa Badr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Kallassy
- Functional Genomic and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
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30
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Grujović MŽ, Marković KG, Morais S, Semedo-Lemsaddek T. Unveiling the Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Serbian Goat Cheese. Foods 2024; 13:2065. [PMID: 38998570 PMCID: PMC11241559 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to unleash the potential of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) originating from traditionally made Serbian goat cheese. Following the isolation and identification of the LAB, the safety aspects of the isolates were evaluated through tests for hemolytic activity and antibiotic sensitivity. The selected isolates were then tested for various technological properties, including growth in methylene blue, proteolytic activity, acidification, curd formation ability in both pure and enriched goat milk, diacetyl production, antagonistic potential against other LAB, and biofilm formation ability. The results indicated that Lactococcus spp., Lacticaseibacillus spp., and Lactiplantibacillus spp. did not exhibit α or β hemolysis, while enterococci displayed α hemolysis. A higher number of isolates demonstrated sensitivity to ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin, while sensitivity to gentamicin and vancomycin was strain-dependent. Based on the evaluation of technological properties, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei M-1 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C7-7, C7-8, and C14-5 showed promising characteristics. Additionally, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains C0-14 and C21-8 emerged as promising candidates with notable technological properties. Notably, certain indigenous strains LAB exhibit promising technological properties and safety profiles. These characteristics make them suitable candidates for use as starter or adjunct cultures in goat's milk cheese production, potentially enhancing the quality and safety of the cheese as well as hygiene practices among small-scale dairy producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ž. Grujović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina G. Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Susana Morais
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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31
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Karim AS, Brown DM, Archuleta CM, Grannan S, Aristilde L, Goyal Y, Leonard JN, Mangan NM, Prindle A, Rocklin GJ, Tyo KJ, Zoloth L, Jewett MC, Calkins S, Kamat NP, Tullman-Ercek D, Lucks JB. Deconstructing synthetic biology across scales: a conceptual approach for training synthetic biologists. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5425. [PMID: 38926339 PMCID: PMC11208543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology allows us to reuse, repurpose, and reconfigure biological systems to address society's most pressing challenges. Developing biotechnologies in this way requires integrating concepts across disciplines, posing challenges to educating students with diverse expertise. We created a framework for synthetic biology training that deconstructs biotechnologies across scales-molecular, circuit/network, cell/cell-free systems, biological communities, and societal-giving students a holistic toolkit to integrate cross-disciplinary concepts towards responsible innovation of successful biotechnologies. We present this framework, lessons learned, and inclusive teaching materials to allow its adaption to train the next generation of synthetic biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashty S Karim
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Dylan M Brown
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chloé M Archuleta
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sharisse Grannan
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Independent Evaluator, Lake Geneva, WI, 53147, USA
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yogesh Goyal
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Josh N Leonard
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Niall M Mangan
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Arthur Prindle
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gabriel J Rocklin
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Keith J Tyo
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Laurie Zoloth
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- The Divinity School, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Susanna Calkins
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Searle Center for Advancing Learning and Teaching, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Nexus for Faculty Success, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neha P Kamat
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julius B Lucks
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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32
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Issac Abraham SVP, Arumugam VR, Mary NI, Dharmadhas JS, Sundararaj R, Devanesan AA, Rajamanickam R, Veerapandian R, John Bosco JP, Danaraj J. Ocimum sanctum as a Source of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors to Combat Antibiotic Resistance of Human and Aquaculture Pathogens. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:785. [PMID: 39063540 PMCID: PMC11278316 DOI: 10.3390/life14070785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play a decisive role in the infectious process and the development of antibiotic resistance. The establishment of bacterial biofilms is regulated by a signal-mediated cell-cell communication process called "quorum sensing" (QS). The identification of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) to mitigate the QS process may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for biofilm-based infections. In this study, the traditional medicinal plant Ocimum sanctum was screened for QS inhibitory potential. Sub-MICs of the extract significantly affected the secretion of EPS in Gram-negative human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia marcescens, as well as aquaculture pathogens Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, which render the bacteria more sensitive, leading to a loss of bacterial biomass from the substratum. The observed inhibitory activity of the O. sanctum extract might be attributed to the presence of eugenol, as evidenced through ultraviolet (UV)-visible, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses, and computational studies. Additionally, the QSI potential of eugenol was corroborated through in vitro studies using the marker strain Chromobacterium violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veera Ravi Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.R.A.); (N.I.M.)
| | - Nancy Immaculate Mary
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.R.A.); (N.I.M.)
| | - Jeba Sweetly Dharmadhas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Rajamanikandan Sundararaj
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arul Ananth Devanesan
- Department of Biotechnology, The American College, Satellite Campus, Madurai 625 503, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ramachandran Rajamanickam
- Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 005, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raja Veerapandian
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - John Paul John Bosco
- Division of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jeyapragash Danaraj
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India;
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33
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Li Z, Zhang M, Lei G, Lu X, Yang X, Kan B. A Single Base Change in the csgD Promoter Resulted in Enhanced Biofilm in Swine-Derived Salmonella Typhimurium. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1258. [PMID: 39065026 PMCID: PMC11278976 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Salmonella strains causing gastroenteritis typically can colonize and proliferate in the intestines of multiple host species. They retain the ability to form red dry and rough (rdar) biofilms, as seen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conversely, Salmonella serovar like Typhi, which can cause systemic infections and exhibit host restriction, are rdar-negative. In this study, duck-derived strains and swine-derived strains of S. Typhimurium locate on independent phylogenetic clades and display relative genomic specificity. The duck isolates appear more closely related to human blood isolates and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS), whereas the swine isolates were more distinct. Phenotypically, compared to duck isolates, swine isolates exhibited enhanced biofilm formation that was unaffected by the temperature. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of csgDEFG transcription as the direct cause. This upregulation may be mainly attributed to the enhanced promoter activity caused by the G-to-T substitution at position -44 of the csgD promoter. Swine isolates have created biofilm polymorphisms by altering a conserved base present in Salmonella Typhi, iNTS, and most Salmonella Typhimurium (such as duck isolates). This provides a genomic characteristics perspective for understanding Salmonella transmission cycles and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Mengke Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Gaopeng Lei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
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34
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Salemi RI, Cruz AK, Hershey DM. A flagellar accessory protein links chemotaxis to surface sensing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599946. [PMID: 38948737 PMCID: PMC11212940 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria find suitable locations for colonization by sensing and responding to surfaces. Complex signaling repertoires control surface colonization, and surface contact sensing by the flagellum plays a central role in activating colonization programs. Caulobacter crescentus adheres to surfaces using a polysaccharide adhesin called the holdfast. In C. crescentus, disruption of the flagellum through interactions with a surface or mutation of flagellar genes increases holdfast production. Our group previously identified several C. crescentus genes involved in flagellar surface sensing. One of these, called fssF, codes for a protein with homology to the flagellar C-ring protein FliN. We show here that a fluorescently tagged FssF protein localizes to the flagellated pole of the cell and requires all components of the flagellar C-ring for proper localization, supporting the model that FssF associates with the C-ring. Deleting fssF results in a severe motility defect that we show is due to a disruption of chemotaxis. Epistasis experiments demonstrate that fssF promotes adhesion through a stator-dependent pathway when late-stage flagellar mutants are disrupted. Separately, we find that disruption of chemotaxis through deletion of fssF or other chemotaxis genes results in a hyperadhesion phenotype. Key genes in the surface sensing network (pleD, motB, and dgcB) contribute to both ∆flgH-dependent and ∆fssF-dependent hyperadhesion, but these genes affect adhesion differently in the two hyperadhesive backgrounds. Our results support a model in which the stator subunits of the flagella incorporate both mechanical and chemical signals to regulate adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I. Salemi
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ana K. Cruz
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David M. Hershey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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35
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Kolter R. Asking a question. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0005024. [PMID: 38819155 PMCID: PMC11332143 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00050-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
While scientific research should be carried out objectively, the choices of questions asked and approaches taken are deeply personal and subjective. I urge individuals to pursue questions they love and to periodically scrutinize the reasons (the philosophies) that drive that love. As a case study, I scrutinize the "whys" behind some of the scientific questions I pursued during my career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Kolter
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Singh M, Anees M, Afreen A, Kalyanasundaram D, Bhatnagar N, Singh H. Development of iodine based sustained release antimicrobial coatings for polyurethane voice prostheses. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5907-5916. [PMID: 38804192 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00439f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Voice prostheses are known to fail in few weeks to several months of implantation due to the clogging mainly caused by microbial biofilm formation, which is a cause of concern. Iodine is a known broad-spectrum biocide and is reported to easily form complexes with various polymers. For long term device disinfection, strong iodine complexation that offers sustained iodine release for a prolonged period is essential. The present research work deals with the synthesis of a poly(methyl methacrylate-n-butyl acrylate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (poly[MMA-BA-NVP]) tercopolymer through free radical polymerization for surface coating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based voice prostheses. The NVP content in the tercopolymer was varied from 20% to 50% to optimise iodine loading and subsequent release. Base TPU coated with the tercopolymer was treated with 4% aqueous iodine solution at room temperature (28 ± 3 °C) for two hours. It was observed that the tercopolymer containing 35% N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), 32.5% methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 32.5% butyl acrylate (nBA) gave a stable coating on TPUs together with sustained iodine release for a prolonged period. Furthermore, the tercopolymer coated and iodine loaded TPUs exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Mohd Anees
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Aiman Afreen
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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37
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Ridha DM, Al-Awady MJ, Abd Al-Zwaid AJ, Balakit AA, Al-Dahmoshi HOM, Alotaibi MH, El-Hiti GA. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of selenium nanoparticles-antibiotic conjugates against anti-multidrug-resistant bacteria. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124214. [PMID: 38723732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The crucial demand to overcome the issue of multidrug resistance is required to refine the performance of antibiotics. Such a process can be achieved by fastening them to compatible nanoparticles to obtain effective pharmaceuticals at a low concentration. Thus, selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are considered biocompatible agents that are applied to prevent infections resulting from bacterial resistance to multi-antibiotics. The current evaluated the effectiveness of Se NPs and their conjugates with antibiotics such as amikacin (AK), levofloxacin (LEV), and piperacillin (PIP) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). In addition, the study determined the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of Se NPs and their conjugates with LEV against urinary tract pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The result of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for eight isolates of P. aeruginosa revealed that the conjugation of Se NPs with AK, LEV, and PIP resulted in a reduction in the concentration of antibiotic-conjugated Se NPs. The concentration was found to be about 10-20 times lower than that of bare antibiotics. The MIC of the Se NPs with LEV (i.e., Se NPs:LEV) for S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli was found to be 1.4:0.5, 0.7:0.25, 22:8, and 11:4 µg/mL, respectively. The results of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) demonstrated that Se NPs:LEV conjugate have inhibited 50 % of the mature biofilms of S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli at a concentration of 27.5 ± 10.5, 18.8 ± 3.1, 40.6 ± 10.7, and 21.6 ± 3.3 µg/mL, respectively compared to the control. It has been suggested that the antibiotic-conjugated Se NPs have great potential for biomedical applications. The conjugation of Se NPs with AK, LEV, and PIP increases the antibacterial potency against resistant pathogens at a low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal M Ridha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Mohammed J Al-Awady
- Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Biotechnology, Al Qasim Green University Babylon, Iraq
| | - Afrah J Abd Al-Zwaid
- Mirjan Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq; Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Asim A Balakit
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi
- Institute of Waste Management and Recycling Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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38
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Mundra S, Kabra A. Unveiling the Druggable Landscape of Bacterial Peptidyl tRNA Hydrolase: Insights into Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2024; 14:668. [PMID: 38927071 PMCID: PMC11202043 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial peptidyl tRNA hydrolase (Pth) or Pth1 emerges as a pivotal enzyme involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by catalyzing the release of peptidyl moieties from peptidyl-tRNA molecules and the maintenance of a free pool of specific tRNAs. This enzyme is vital for bacterial cells and an emerging drug target for various bacterial infections. Understanding the enzymatic mechanisms and structural intricacies of bacterial Pth is pivotal in designing novel therapeutics to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted roles of Pth in bacterial physiology, shedding light on its significance as a potential drug target. This article delves into the diverse functions of Pth, encompassing its involvement in ribosome rescue, the maintenance of a free tRNA pool in bacterial systems, the regulation of translation fidelity, and stress response pathways within bacterial systems. Moreover, it also explores the druggability of bacterial Pth, emphasizing its promise as a target for antibacterial agents and highlighting the challenges associated with developing specific inhibitors against this enzyme. Structural elucidation represents a cornerstone in unraveling the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of Pth. This review encapsulates the current structural insights of Pth garnered through various biophysical techniques, such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, providing a detailed understanding of the enzyme's architecture and conformational dynamics. Additionally, biophysical aspects, including its interaction with ligands, inhibitors, and substrates, are discussed, elucidating the molecular basis of bacterial Pth's function and its potential use in drug design strategies. Through this review article, we aim to put together all the available information on bacterial Pth and emphasize its potential in advancing innovative therapeutic interventions and combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Mundra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Ashish Kabra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Puri D, Allison KR. Escherichia coli self-organizes developmental rosettes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315850121. [PMID: 38814871 PMCID: PMC11161754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315850121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosettes are self-organizing, circular multicellular communities that initiate developmental processes, like organogenesis and embryogenesis, in complex organisms. Their formation results from the active repositioning of adhered sister cells and is thought to distinguish multicellular organisms from unicellular ones. Though common in eukaryotes, this multicellular behavior has not been reported in bacteria. In this study, we found that Escherichia coli forms rosettes by active sister-cell repositioning. After division, sister cells "fold" to actively align at the 2- and 4-cell stages of clonal division, thereby producing rosettes with characteristic quatrefoil configuration. Analysis revealed that folding follows an angular random walk, composed of ~1 µm strokes and directional randomization. We further showed that this motion was produced by the flagellum, the extracellular tail whose rotation generates swimming motility. Rosette formation was found to require de novo flagella synthesis suggesting it must balance the opposing forces of Ag43 adhesion and flagellar propulsion. We went on to show that proper rosette formation was required for subsequent morphogenesis of multicellular chains, rpoS gene expression, and formation of hydrostatic clonal-chain biofilms. Moreover, we found self-folding rosette-like communities in the standard motility assay, indicating that this behavior may be a general response to hydrostatic environments in E. coli. These findings establish self-organization of clonal rosettes by a prokaryote and have implications for evolutionary biology, synthetic biology, and medical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Puri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Kyle R. Allison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30322
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
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Eskova AI, Yakovlev AA, Obuhova VS, Bynina MP, Kim AV, Shchelkanov MY. Interspecies Interaction of Bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Marine Saprotrophs during Long-Term Culturing in Biofilms. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:252-255. [PMID: 39090463 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
All bacterial strains studied retained the viability and ability to form both mono- and polycultural biofilms under conditions of long-term culturing in artificial seawater at 6°C and without addition of nutrients. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas japonica presumably stimulated the growth and reproduction of the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Preserved cell viability in a monoculture biofilm for a long period without adding a food source can indicate allolysis. At the same time, in a polycultural biofilm, the metabolites secreted by saprotrophic strains can stimulate the growth of L. monocytogenes and Y. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Eskova
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - A A Yakovlev
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - V S Obuhova
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - M P Bynina
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - A V Kim
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - M Yu Shchelkanov
- Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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Kabir RB, Ahsan T, Rahman MF, Jobayer M, Shamsuzzaman SM. Biofilm-producing and specific antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh. IJID REGIONS 2024; 11:100369. [PMID: 38799795 PMCID: PMC11126856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Biofilms are responsible for persistent infections and antimicrobial resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated with its ability to form biofilm by detecting genes responsible for producing biofilms and biofilm-specific antimicrobial resistance. The association between antibiotic resistance and biofilm was investigated. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to December 2018. A total of 446 samples (infected burn, surgical wounds, and endotracheal aspirate) were collected from admitted patients of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh. P. aeruginosa was isolated and identified by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm production by tissue culture plate method followed by detection of biofilm-producing genes (pqsA, pslA, pslD, pslH, pelA, lasR) and biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes (ndvB, PA1874, PA1876, PA1877) by polymerase chain reaction were done. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method; for colistin agar dilution method of minimal inhibitory concentration was followed. Results Among 232 (52.02%) positive strains of P. aeruginosa, 24 (10.30%) produced biofilms in tissue culture plate. Among biofilm-producing genes, pqsA was the highest (79.17%). pslA and pelA were 70.83%, pslD 45.83%, pslH and lasR 37.5%. Among biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes, 16.67% were ndvB, and 8.33% were PA1874 and PA1877. Biofilm-forming strains were significantly resistant to colistin. Conclusions Detection of biofilm-forming genes may be a good tool for the evaluation of biofilm production, which will help in prompt and better management of chronic or device-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasnim Ahsan
- Department of Microbiology, Ibn Sina Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Faizur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jobayer
- Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - SM Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Teixeira-Santos R, Azevedo A, Romeu MJ, Amador CI, Gomes LC, Whitehead KA, Sjollema J, Burmølle M, Mergulhão FJ. The use of biomimetic surfaces to reduce single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. Biofilm 2024; 7:100185. [PMID: 38444517 PMCID: PMC10912049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to adhere to and form biofilms on food contact surfaces poses serious challenges, as these may lead to the cross-contamination of food products. Biomimetic topographic surface modifications have been explored to enhance the antifouling performance of materials. In this study, the topography of two plant leaves, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower, CF) and Brassica oleracea capitate (white cabbage, WC), was replicated through wax moulding, and their antibiofilm potential was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. Biomimetic surfaces exhibited higher roughness values (SaWC = 4.0 ± 1.0 μm and SaCF = 3.3 ± 1.0 μm) than the flat control (SaF = 0.6 ± 0.2 μm), whilst the CF surface demonstrated a lower interfacial free energy (ΔGiwi) than the WC surface (-100.08 mJ m-2 and -71.98 mJ m-2, respectively). The CF and WC surfaces had similar antibiofilm effects against single-species biofilms, achieving cell reductions of approximately 50% and 60% for E. coli and P. putida, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, the biomimetic surfaces led to reductions of up to 60% in biovolume, 45% in thickness, and 60% in the surface coverage of single-species biofilms. For dual-species biofilms, only the E. coli strain growing on the WC surface exhibited a significant decrease in the cell count. However, confocal microscopy analysis revealed a 60% reduction in the total biovolume and surface coverage of mixed biofilms developed on both biomimetic surfaces. Furthermore, dual-species biofilms were mainly composed of P. putida, which reduced E. coli growth. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the surface properties of CF and WC biomimetic surfaces have the potential for reducing biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Teixeira-Santos
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Romeu
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina I. Amador
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filipe J. Mergulhão
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Jonblat S, As-Sadi F, Zibara K, Sabban ME, Dermesrobian V, Khoury AE, Kallassy M, Chokr A. Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm assembly and self-dispersion: bacteria and matrix dynamics. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:831-844. [PMID: 37824024 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis, despite being a commensal of human skin and mucosa, is a major nosocomial pathogen implicated in device-associated infections. The dissemination of infection to other body sites is related to biofilm dispersal. This study focused on the dispersion stage of S. epidermidis CIP 444 biofilm, with the assessment of biofilm matrix composition in a time-dependent experiment (7 days extended) with 3 independent repetitions, using confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) in association with ZEN 3.4 blue edition, COMSTAT, and ImageJ software. SYTO-9, propidium iodide (PI), DID'OIL, FITC, and calcofluor white M2R (CFW) were used to stain biofilm components. The results indicated that the biomass of dead cells increased from 15.18 ± 1.81 µm3/µm2 (day 3) to 23.15 ± 6.075 µm3/µm2 (day 4), along with a decrease in alive cells' biomass from 22.75 ± 2.968 µm3/µm2 (day 3) to 18.95 ± 5.713 µm3/µm2 (day 4). When the intensities were measured after marking the biofilm components, in a 24-h-old biofilm, polysaccharide made up the majority of the investigated components (52%), followed by protein (18.9%). Lipids make up just 11.6% of the mature biofilm. Protein makes up the largest portion (48%) of a 4-day-old biofilm, followed by polysaccharides (37.8%) and lipids (7.27%). According to our findings, S. epidermidis CIP 444 dispersion occurred on day 4 of incubation, and new establishment of the biofilm occurred on day 7. Remarkable changes in biofilm composition will pave the way for a new approach to understanding bacterial strategies inside biofilms and finding solutions to their impacts in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jonblat
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Functional Genomics and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Falah As-Sadi
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, 999095, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, DSST, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107, Lebanon
| | - Vera Dermesrobian
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Kallassy
- Functional Genomics and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Quispe Haro JJ, Chen F, Los R, Shi S, Sun W, Chen Y, Idema T, Wegner SV. Optogenetic Control of Bacterial Cell-Cell Adhesion Dynamics: Unraveling the Influence on Biofilm Architecture and Functionality. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310079. [PMID: 38613837 PMCID: PMC11187914 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The transition of bacteria from an individualistic to a biofilm lifestyle profoundly alters their biology. During biofilm development, the bacterial cell-cell adhesions are a major determinant of initial microcolonies, which serve as kernels for the subsequent microscopic and mesoscopic structure of the biofilm, and determine the resulting functionality. In this study, the significance of bacterial cell-cell adhesion dynamics on bacterial aggregation and biofilm maturation is elucidated. Using photoswitchable adhesins between bacteria, modifying the dynamics of bacterial cell-cell adhesions with periodic dark-light cycles is systematic. Dynamic cell-cell adhesions with liquid-like behavior improve bacterial aggregation and produce more compact microcolonies than static adhesions with solid-like behavior in both experiments and individual-based simulations. Consequently, dynamic cell-cell adhesions give rise to earlier quorum sensing activation, better intermixing of different bacterial populations, improved biofilm maturation, changes in the growth of cocultures, and higher yields in fermentation. The here presented approach of tuning bacterial cell-cell adhesion dynamics opens the door for regulating the structure and function of biofilms and cocultures with potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Quispe Haro
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Fei Chen
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Rachel Los
- Department of BionanoscienceKavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Shuqi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for BiotechnologyCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenjun Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for BiotechnologyCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for BiotechnologyCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Timon Idema
- Department of BionanoscienceKavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
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Vidyasagar, Patel RR, Singh SK, Dehari D, Nath G, Singh M. Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from the medicinal plant Clerodendrum serratum and its biological activity against Mycobacterium species. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31116. [PMID: 38799742 PMCID: PMC11126841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant mycobacterial strains is a significant crisis that has led to higher treatment failure rates and more toxic and expensive medications for tuberculosis (TB). The urgent need to develop novel therapeutics has galvanized research interest towards developing alternative antimicrobials such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The current study focused on the anti-mycobacterial activity of green-synthesized AgNPs and its polyethylene glycol encapsulated derivative (PEG-AgNPs) with improved stability using the leaves extract of Clerodendrum serratum. Different characterization methods were used to analyze them. DLS analysis revealed a lower polydispersity index of PEG-AgNPs, suggesting a more uniform size distribution than that of AgNPs. The HR-TEM results revealed that the AgNPs and PEG-AgNPs have predominantly spherical shapes in the size range of 9-35 nm and 15-60 nm, respectively, while positive values of Zeta potential indicate their stability. FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups responsible for reducing and capping the bio-reduced AgNPs, whereas the XRD data established its crystalline nature. Impressively, the PEG-AgNPs exhibited maximum inhibitory activity against different Tubercular and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium species i.e., Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium marinum, relative to those of AgNPs and Linezolid. The flow cytometry assay showed that the anti-mycobacterial action was mediated by an increase in cell wall permeability. Notably, the results of AFM confirm their ability to inhibit mycobacterial biofilm significantly. We demonstrated the nontoxic nature of these AgNPs, explicated by the absence of hemolytic activity against human RBCs. Overall, the results suggest that PEG-AgNPs could offer a novel therapeutic approach with potential anti-mycobacterial activity and can overcome the limitations of existing TB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ritu Raj Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Top J, Zhang X, Hendrickx APA, Boeren S, van Schaik W, Huebner J, Willems RJL, Leavis HL, Paganelli FL. YajC, a predicted membrane protein, promotes Enterococcus faecium biofilm formation in vitro and in a rat endocarditis model. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae017. [PMID: 38860142 PMCID: PMC11163983 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a critical step in the pathogenesis of difficult-to-treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. We identified that YajC, a conserved membrane protein in bacteria, plays a role in biofilm formation of the clinically relevant Enterococcus faecium strain E1162. Deletion of yajC conferred significantly impaired biofilm formation in vitro and was attenuated in a rat endocarditis model. Mass spectrometry analysis of supernatants of washed ΔyajC cells revealed increased amounts in cytoplasmic and cell-surface-located proteins, including biofilm-associated proteins, suggesting that proteins on the surface of the yajC mutant are only loosely attached. In Streptococcus mutans YajC has been identified in complex with proteins of two cotranslational membrane protein-insertion pathways; the signal recognition particle (SRP)-SecYEG-YajC-YidC1 and the SRP-YajC-YidC2 pathway, but its function is unknown. In S. mutans mutation of yidC1 and yidC2 resulted in impaired protein insertion in the cell membrane and secretion in the supernatant. The E. faecium genome contains all homologous genes encoding for the cotranslational membrane protein-insertion pathways. By combining the studies in S. mutans and E. faecium, we propose that YajC is involved in the stabilization of the SRP-SecYEG-YajC-YidC1 and SRP-YajC-Yid2 pathway or plays a role in retaining proteins for proper docking to the YidC insertases for translocation in and over the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janetta Top
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Building 60, Yujingwan, Linyi City, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Clb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, PO box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Huebner
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian Universität München, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fernanda L Paganelli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bessalah S, Faraz A, Dbara M, Khorcheni T, Hammadi M, Ajose DJ, Saeed SI. Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Gelatin-Chitosan-Moringa-Biopolymer-Based Wound Dressings towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:545. [PMID: 38794116 PMCID: PMC11124090 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary times, the sustained aspiration of bioengineering and biomedical applications is the progressive advancement of materials characterized by biocompatibility and biodegradability. The investigation of the potential applications of polymers as natural and non-hazardous materials has placed significant emphasis on their physicochemical properties. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the potential of gelatin-chitosan-moringa leaf extract (G-CH-M) as a novel biomaterial for biomedical applications. The wound-dressing G-CH-M biopolymer was synthesized and characterized. The blood haemolysis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the biopolymer were investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial isolates. Our results showed that S. aureus swarming motility was drastically affected. However, the biopolymer had no significant effect on the swarming motility of E. coli. In addition, the biopolymer showed high antibacterial capacities, especially against S. aureus. Plasmid DNA was observed to be effectively protected from oxidative stresses by the biopolymer. Furthermore, the biopolymer exhibited greatly suppressed haemolysis (lower than 2%), notwithstanding the elevated concentration of 50 mg/mL. These results indicated that this novel biopolymer formulation could be further developed for wound care and contamination prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Bessalah
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A.), University of Gabès, Médenine 4119, Tunisia; (S.B.); (M.D.); (T.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Asim Faraz
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed Dbara
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A.), University of Gabès, Médenine 4119, Tunisia; (S.B.); (M.D.); (T.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Touhami Khorcheni
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A.), University of Gabès, Médenine 4119, Tunisia; (S.B.); (M.D.); (T.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Hammadi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A.), University of Gabès, Médenine 4119, Tunisia; (S.B.); (M.D.); (T.K.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala P.O. Box 155, Sudan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Juba, Central Equatoria, Juba P.O. Box 82, South Sudan
- Nanotechnology Research Group Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Malaysia
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Chai YJ, Syauqi TA, Sudesh K, Ee TL, Ban CC, Kar Mun AC, Anne Strain EM, Merican F, Rahim MA, Md Salleh K, Yin CS. Effects of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] coating on the bacterial communities of artificial structures. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300929. [PMID: 38635673 PMCID: PMC11025745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The expanding urbanization of coastal areas has led to increased ocean sprawl, which has had both physical and chemical adverse effects on marine and coastal ecosystems. To maintain the health and functionality of these ecosystems, it is imperative to develop effective solutions. One such solution involves the use of biodegradable polymers as bioactive coatings to enhance the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal infrastructures. Our study aimed to explore two main objectives: (1) investigate PHA-degrading bacteria on polymer-coated surfaces and in surrounding seawater, and (2) comparing biofilm colonization between surfaces with and without the polymer coating. We applied poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)) coatings on concrete surfaces at concentrations of 1% and 6% w/v, with varying numbers of coating cycles (1, 3, and 6). Our findings revealed that the addition of P(3HB) indeed promoted accelerated biofilm growth on the coated surfaces, resulting in an occupied area approximately 50% to 100% larger than that observed in the negative control. This indicates a remarkable enhancement, with the biofilm expanding at a rate roughly 1.5 to 2 times faster than the untreated surfaces. We observed noteworthy distinctions in biofilm growth patterns based on varying concentration and number of coating cycles. Interestingly, treatments with low concentration and high coating cycles exhibited comparable biofilm enhancements to those with high concentrations and low coating cycles. Further investigation into the bacterial communities responsible for the degradation of P(3HB) coatings identified mostly common and widespread strains but found no relation between the concentration and coating cycles. Nevertheless, this microbial degradation process was found to be highly efficient, manifesting noticeable effects within a single month. While these initial findings are promising, it's essential to conduct tests under natural conditions to validate the applicability of this approach. Nonetheless, our study represents a novel and bio-based ecological engineering strategy for enhancing the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jean Chai
- Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Taufiq Ahmad Syauqi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tan Leng Ee
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Chee Ban
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amanda Chong Kar Mun
- Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Elisabeth Marijke Anne Strain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chee Su Yin
- Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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49
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Tan X, Hu M, Cheng X, Xiao J, Zhou J, Zhu G. Effects of elevated levels of intracellular nitric oxide on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in chronic skin wound and slow-killing infection models. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:349-359. [PMID: 37410300 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), produced through the denitrification pathway, regulates biofilm dynamics through the quorum sensing system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. NO stimulates P. aeruginosa biofilm dispersal by enhancing phosphodiesterase activity to decrease cyclic di-GMP levels. In a chronic skin wound model containing a mature biofilm, the gene expression of nirS, encoding nitrite reductase to produce NO, was low, leading to reduced intracellular NO levels. Although low-dose NO induces biofilm dispersion, it is unknown whether it influences the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilms in chronic skin wounds. In this study, a P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain with overexpressed nirS was established to investigate NO effects on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation in an ex vivo chronic skin wound model and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. Elevated intracellular NO levels altered the biofilm structure in the wound model by inhibiting the expression of quorum sensing-related genes, which was different from an in vitro model. In Caenorhabditis elegans as a slow-killing infection model, elevated intracellular NO levels increased worms' lifespan by 18%. Worms that fed on the nirS-overexpressed PAO1 strain for 4 h had complete tissue, whereas worms that fed on empty plasmid-containing PAO1 had biofilms on their body, causing severe damage to the head and tail. Thus, elevated intracellular NO levels can inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm growth in chronic skin wounds and reduce pathogenicity to the host. Targeting NO is a potential approach to control biofilm growth in chronic skin wounds wherein P. aeruginosa biofilms are a persistent problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Tan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Mei Hu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jinwei Zhou
- School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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50
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Blee JA, Gorochowski TE, Hauert S. Optimization of periodic treatment strategies for bacterial biofilms using an agent-based in silico approach. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240078. [PMID: 38593842 PMCID: PMC11003776 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are responsible for most chronic infections and are highly resistant to antibiotic treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated that periodic dosing of antibiotics can help sensitize persistent subpopulations and reduce the overall dosage required for treatment. Because the dynamics and mechanisms of biofilm growth and the formation of persister cells are diverse and are affected by environmental conditions, it remains a challenge to design optimal periodic dosing regimens. Here, we develop a computational agent-based model to streamline this process and determine key parameters for effective treatment. We used our model to test a broad range of persistence switching dynamics and found that if periodic antibiotic dosing was tuned to biofilm dynamics, the dose required for effective treatment could be reduced by nearly 77%. The biofilm architecture and its response to antibiotics were found to depend on the dynamics of persister cells. Despite some differences in the response of biofilm governed by different persister switching rates, we found that a general optimized periodic treatment was still effective in significantly reducing the required antibiotic dose. As persistence becomes better quantified and understood, our model has the potential to act as a foundation for more effective strategies to target bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A. Blee
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Ada Lovelace Building, Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Thomas E. Gorochowski
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- BrisEngBio, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Sabine Hauert
- School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Ada Lovelace Building, Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK
- BrisEngBio, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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