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Liu Y, Yuan J, Li Y, Bi Y, Prusky DB. The sensor protein AaSho1 regulates infection structures differentiation, osmotic stress tolerance and virulence via MAPK module AaSte11-AaPbs2-AaHog1 in Alternaria alternata. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1594-1607. [PMID: 38680872 PMCID: PMC11047198 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The high-osmolarity-sensitive protein Sho1 functions as a key membrane receptor in phytopathogenic fungi, which can sense and respond to external stimuli or stresses, and synergistically regulate diverse fungal biological processes through cellular signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of AaSho1 in Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of pear black spot. Targeted gene deletion revealed that AaSho1 is essential for infection structure differentiation, response to external stresses and synthesis of secondary metabolites. Compared to the wild-type (WT), the ∆AaSho1 mutant strain showed no significant difference in colony growth, morphology, conidial production and biomass accumulation. However, the mutant strain exhibited significantly reduced levels of melanin production, cellulase (CL) and ploygalacturonase (PG) activities, virulence, resistance to various exogenous stresses. Moreover, the appressorium and infection hyphae formation rates of the ∆AaSho1 mutant strain were significantly inhibited. RNA-Seq results showed that there were four branches including pheromone, cell wall stress, high osmolarity and starvation in the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that AaSho1 activates the MAPK pathway via AaSte11-AaPbs2-AaHog1. These results suggest that AaSho1 of A. alternata is essential for fungal development, pathogenesis and osmotic stress response by activating the MAPK cascade pathway via Sho1-Ste11-Pbs2-Hog1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov B. Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization Volcani Center Information Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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2
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Calvo AM, Dabholkar A, Wyman EM, Lohmar JM, Cary JW. Beyond morphogenesis and secondary metabolism: function of Velvet proteins and LaeA in fungal pathogenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0081924. [PMID: 39230285 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00819-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Velvet proteins, as well as the epigenetic regulator LaeA, are conserved in numerous fungal species, where, in response to environmental cues, they control several crucial cellular processes, including sexual and asexual morphogenesis, secondary metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and virulence. During the last two decades, knowledge of their mechanism of action as well as understanding their functional roles, has greatly increased, particularly in Aspergillus species. Research efforts from multiple groups followed, leading to the characterization of other Velvet and LaeA homologs in species of other fungal genera, including important opportunistic plant and animal pathogens. This review focuses mainly on the current knowledge of the role of Velvet and LaeA function in fungal pathogenesis. Velvet proteins and LaeA are unique to fungi, and for this reason, additional knowledge of these critical regulatory proteins will be important in the development of targeted control strategies to decrease the detrimental impact of fungal pathogens capable of causing disease in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Calvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Apoorva Dabholkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Wyman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica M Lohmar
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Cary
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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3
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Wu X, Qin Y, Li C, Zhang X, Tan X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhang D. A novel antifungal peptide, SP1.2, from Rhodopseudomonas palustris against the rice blast pathogen. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39180165 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice blast has a significant detrimental impact on rice yields, so developing efficient biological control technologies is an effective means for rice blast prevention and control. The GroEL protein has proven to be effective at preventing and managing the pathogenicity of rice blast. RESULTS Here, we analyzed the amino acid sequence of the GroEL protein and synthesized the '60 kDa chaperonin signature' (350-373 amino acids) peptide SP1.2, which has potent antifungal activity. Notably, the SP1.2 peptide exhibited potent fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae, effectively inhibiting appressorium germination. Electron microscopy revealed that SP1.2 disrupted the fungal plasma membrane and bound to multiple bioactive phosphoinositides in vitro, triggering the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it also caused an increase in the acetylation of M. oryzae and induced autophagy in cells. The spray application of SP1.2 significantly reduced the number of disease spots caused by the fungal pathogen M. oryzae in rice, enhancing the defense response of rice plants. Field trials showed that the control effect was 64.59% after spraying SP1.2. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates the antifungal activity of the structurally unique SP1.2 peptide against plant fungal pathogens and paves the way for the future development of this class of peptides as antifungal agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Wu
- Long Ping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfei Qin
- Long Ping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Long Ping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Long Ping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Long Ping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Long Ping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory and Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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4
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Wang S, Zeng J, Zhang T, Yang L, Yang Y, Lu Z, Jin X, Wang M, Guo S. Ammonium enhances rice resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae through H 2O 2 accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109058. [PMID: 39181086 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is essential for the physiological processes of plants. However, the specific mechanisms by which different nitrogen forms influence rice blast pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This study used hydroponic assays to explore how ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) affect rice after inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). The results showed that NH4+, compared to NO3-, significantly reduced disease severity, fungal growth, fungal hyphae number, the expansion capacity of infectious hyphae, and disease-related loss of photosynthesis. Additionally, NH4+ enhanced the expression of defense-related genes, including OsPBZ1, OsCHT1, OsPR1a, and OsPR10. NH4+-treated rice also exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, susceptibility to rice blast disease increased when H2O2 was scavenged, while a reduction in susceptibility was observed with the application of exogenous H2O2. These results suggest that ammonium enhances rice resistance to M. oryzae, potentially through H2O2 accumulation. The findings provide valuable insights into how different nitrogen forms affect plant immunity in rice, which is crucial for controlling rice blast and ensuring stable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jixing Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yating Yang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiang Jin
- Changbaishan Vocational Technical College, Baishan, 134300, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Arafat MY, Narula K, Kumar M, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Proteo-metabolomic Dissection of Extracellular Matrix Reveals Alterations in Cell Wall Integrity and Calcium Signaling Governs Wall-Associated Susceptibility during Stem Rot Disease in Jute. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3217-3234. [PMID: 38572503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The plant surveillance system confers specificity to disease and immune states by activating distinct molecular pathways linked to cellular functionality. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a preformed passive barrier, is dynamically remodeled at sites of interaction with pathogenic microbes. Stem rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, adversely affects fiber production in jute. However, how wall related susceptibility affects the ECM proteome and metabolome remains undetermined in bast fiber crops. Here, stem rot responsive quantitative temporal ECM proteome and metabolome were developed in jute upon M. phaseolina infection. Morpho-histological examination revealed that leaf shredding was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production in patho-stressed jute. Electron microscopy showed disease progression and ECM architecture remodeling due to necrosis in the later phase of fungal attack. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitative proteomics and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 415 disease-responsive proteins involved in wall integrity, acidification, proteostasis, hydration, and redox homeostasis. The disease-related correlation network identified functional hubs centered on α-galactosidase, pectinesterase, and thaumatin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis pointed toward enrichment of disease-responsive metabolites associated with the glutathione pathway, TCA cycle, and cutin, suberin, and wax metabolism. Data demonstrated that wall-degrading enzymes, structural carbohydrates, and calcium signaling govern rot responsive wall-susceptibility. Proteomics data were deposited in Pride (PXD046937; PXD046939).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yasir Arafat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Battache M, Suarez-Fernandez M, Klooster MV, Cambon F, Sánchez-Vallet A, Lebrun MH, Langin T, Saintenac C. Stomatal penetration: the cornerstone of plant resistance to the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:736. [PMID: 39095719 PMCID: PMC11295904 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the foliar fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most damaging disease of wheat in Europe. Genetic resistance against this fungus relies on different types of resistance from non-host resistance (NHR) and host species specific resistance (HSSR) to host resistance mediated by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or major resistance genes (Stb). Characterizing the diversity of theses resistances is of great importance for breeding wheat cultivars with efficient and durable resistance. While the functional mechanisms underlying these resistance types are not well understood, increasing piece of evidence suggest that fungus stomatal penetration and early establishment in the apoplast are both crucial for the outcome of some interactions between Z. tritici and plants. To validate and extend these previous observations, we conducted quantitative comparative phenotypical and cytological analyses of the infection process corresponding to 22 different interactions between plant species and Z. tritici isolates. These interactions included four major bread wheat Stb genes, four bread wheat accessions with contrasting quantitative resistance, two species resistant to Z. tritici isolates from bread wheat (HSSR) and four plant species resistant to all Z. tritici isolates (NHR). RESULTS Infiltration of Z. tritici spores into plant leaves allowed the partial bypass of all bread wheat resistances and durum wheat resistance, but not resistances from other plants species. Quantitative comparative cytological analysis showed that in the non-grass plant Nicotiana benthamiana, Z. tritici was stopped before stomatal penetration. By contrast, in all resistant grass plants, Z. tritici was stopped, at least partly, during stomatal penetration. The intensity of this early plant control process varied depending on resistance types, quantitative resistances being the least effective. These analyses also demonstrated that Stb-mediated resistances, HSSR and NHR, but not quantitative resistances, relied on the strong growth inhibition of the few Z. tritici penetrating hyphae at their entry point in the sub-stomatal cavity. CONCLUSIONS In addition to furnishing a robust quantitative cytological assessment system, our study uncovered three stopping patterns of Z. tritici by plant resistances. Stomatal resistance was found important for most resistances to Z. tritici, independently of its type (Stb, HSSR, NHR). These results provided a basis for the functional analysis of wheat resistance to Z. tritici and its improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Battache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marta Suarez-Fernandez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Technología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | | | - Florence Cambon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Vallet
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Technología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Marc-Henri Lebrun
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille Saintenac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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7
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Deng L, Liu M, Yu Y, Yang Y, Fang A, Tian B, Wang J, Bi C. Amino acid mutation of succinate dehydrogenase complex induced resistance to benzovindiflupyr in Magnaporthe oryzae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106027. [PMID: 39084785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is a rice blast pathogen that seriously threatens rice yield. Benzovindiflupyr is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide that effectively controls many crop diseases. Benzovindiflupyr has a strong inhibitory effect on M. oryzae; however, control of rice blast by benzovindiflupyr and risk of resistance to benzovindiflupyr are not well studied in this pathogen. In this study, six benzovindiflupyr-resistant strains were obtained by domestication induced in the laboratory. The MoSdhBH245D mutation was the cause of M. oryzae resistance to benzovindiflupyr, which was verified through succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity assays, molecular docking, and site-specific mutations. Survival fitness analysis showed no significant difference between the benzovindiflupyr-resistant and parent strains. Positive cross-resistance to benzovindiflupyr and other SDHIs and negative cross-resistance to azoxystrobin were observed. Therefore, the risk of benzovindiflupyr resistance in M. oryzae might be medium to high. It should be combined with other classes of fungicides (tebuconazole and azoxystrobin) to slow the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengqing Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Anfei Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Binnian Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaowei Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Liu X, Sun Y, Liu C, Liu B, Li T, Chen X, Chen Y. Various amino acid substitutions in succinate dehydrogenase complex regulating differential resistance to pydiflumetofen in Magnaporthe oryzae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:105990. [PMID: 39084767 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a devastating fungal disease worldwide. Pydiflumetofen (Pyd) is a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) that exhibited anti-fungal activity against M. oryzae. However, control of rice blast by Pyd and risk of resistance to Pyd are not well studied in this pathogen. The baseline sensitivity of 109 M. oryzae strains to Pyd was determined using mycelial growth rate assay, with EC50 values ranging from 0.291 to 2.1313 μg/mL, and an average EC50 value of 1.1005 ± 0.3727 μg/mL. Totally 28 Pyd-resistant (PydR) mutants with 15 genotypes of point mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex were obtained, and the resistance level could be divided into three categories of very high resistance (VHR), high resistance (HR) and moderate resistance (MR) with the resistance factors (RFs) of >1000, 105.74-986.13 and 81.92-99.48, respectively. Molecular docking revealed that all 15 mutations decreased the binding-force score for the affinity between Pyd and target subunits, which further confirmed that these 15 genotypes of point mutations were responsible for the resistance to Pyd in M. oryzae. There was positive cross resistance between Pyd and other SDHIs, such as fluxapyroxad, penflufen or carboxin, while there was no cross-resistance between Pyd and carbendazim, prochloraz or azoxystrobin in M. oryzae, however, PydR mutants with SdhBP198Q, SdhCL66F or SdhCL66R genotype were still sensitive to the other 3 SDHIs, indicating lack of cross resistance. The results of fitness study revealed that the point mutations in MoSdhB/C/D genes might reduce the hyphae growth and sporulation, but could improve the pathogenicity in M. oryzae. Taken together, the risk of resistance to Pyd might be moderate to high, and it should be used as tank-mixtures with other classes of fungicides to delay resistance development when it is used for the control of rice blast in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chuchu Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Ali MA, Ahmed T, Ibrahim E, Rizwan M, Chong KP, Yong JWH. A review on mechanisms and prospects of endophytic bacteria in biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi and their plant growth-promoting activities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31573. [PMID: 38841467 PMCID: PMC11152693 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria, living inside plants, are competent plant colonizers, capable of enhancing immune responses in plants and establishing a symbiotic relationship with them. Endophytic bacteria are able to control phytopathogenic fungi while exhibiting plant growth-promoting activity. Here, we discussed the mechanisms of phytopathogenic fungi control and plant growth-promoting actions discovered in some major groups of beneficial endophytic bacteria such as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas. Most of the studied strains in these genera were isolated from the rhizosphere and soils, and a more extensive study of these endophytic bacteria is needed. It is essential to understand the underlying biocontrol and plant growth-promoting mechanisms and to develop an effective screening approach for selecting potential endophytic bacteria for various applications. We have suggested a screening strategy to identify potentially useful endophytic bacteria based on mechanistic phenomena. The discovery of endophytic bacteria with useful biocontrol and plant growth-promoting characteristics is essential for developing sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Arshad Ali
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ezzeldin Ibrahim
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Vegetable Diseases Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khim Phin Chong
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden
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10
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Maina AW, Oerke EC. Hyperspectral imaging for quantifying Magnaporthe oryzae sporulation on rice genotypes. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:87. [PMID: 38849955 PMCID: PMC11161989 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise evaluation of fungal conidia production may facilitate studies on resistance mechanisms and plant breeding for disease resistance. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used to quantify the sporulation of Magnaporthe oryzae on the leaves of rice cultivars grown under controlled conditions. Three rice genotypes (CO 39, Nipponbare, IR64) differing in susceptibility to blast were inoculated with M. oryzae isolates Guy 11 and Li1497. Spectral information (450-850 nm, 140 wavebands) of typical leaf blast symptoms was recorded before and after induction of sporulation of the pathogen. RESULTS M. oryzae produced more conidia on the highly susceptible genotype than on the moderately susceptible genotype, whereas the resistant genotype resulted in no sporulation. Changes in reflectance spectra recorded before and after induction of sporulation were significantly higher in genotype CO 39 than in Nipponbare. The spectral angle mapper algorithm for supervised classification allowed for the classification of blast symptom subareas and the quantification of lesion areas with M. oryzae sporulation. The correlation between the area under the difference spectrum (viz. spectral difference without and with sporulation) and the number of conidia per lesion and the number of conidia per lesion area was positive and count-based differences in rice - M. oryzae interaction could be reproduced in the spectral data. CONCLUSIONS HSI provided a precise and objective method of assessing M. oryzae conidia production on infected rice plants, revealing differences that could not be detected visually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Wanjiku Maina
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Pathology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Erich-Christian Oerke
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Pathology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Guo M. The CHY-type zinc finger protein MoChy1 is involved in polarized growth, conidiation, autophagy and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131867. [PMID: 38670181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Polarized growth is critical for the development of filamentous phytopathogens, and the CHY-type zinc finger protein Chy1 regulates microtubule assembly to influence polarized growth and thereby affect plant infections. However, the biological role of a Chy1 homolog MoChy1 remains unknown in Magnaporthe oryzae. We found here that the MoChy1-GFP was distributed in the cytoplasm outside the vacuole in hyphae and localized mainly to the vacuole compartments as the appressorium matured. The Mochy1 mutants showed an extremely slow growth rate, curved and branched mycelium, reduced conidiation, and a smaller size in the appressorium. Meanwhile, the Mochy1 mutants showed increased sensitivity to benomyl, damaged microtubule cytoskeleton, and mislocalized polarisome protein MoSpa2 and chitin synthase MoChs6 in hyphae. Compared to Guy11, the Mochy1 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to H2O2, impaired ability to eliminate host-derived ROS and reduced penetration into host plants, resulting in a strong reduction in pathogenicity of Mochy1 mutants. Furthermore, the Mochy1 mutants also exhibited defects in chitin distribution, osmotic stress tolerance, and septin ring organization during appressorium differentiation and fungal development. Nonselective autophagy was negatively regulated in Mochy1 mutants compared to Guy11. In summary, MoChy1 plays multiple roles in fungal polar growth and full virulence of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230036, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230036, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230036, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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12
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Li Z, Yang J, Ji X, Liu J, Yin C, Bhadauria V, Zhao W, Peng YL. First telomere-to-telomere gapless assembly of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Sci Data 2024; 11:380. [PMID: 38615081 PMCID: PMC11016069 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn., Magnaporthe oryzae) was one of the most destructive diseases of rice throughout the world. Genome assembly was fundamental to genetic variation identification and critically impacted the understanding of its ability to overcome host resistance. Here, we report a gapless genome assembly of rice blast fungus P. oryzae strain P131 using PacBio, Illumina and high throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing data. This assembly contained seven complete chromosomes (43,237,743 bp) and a circular mitochondrial genome (34,866 bp). Approximately 14.31% of this assembly carried repeat sequences, significantly greater than its previous assembled version. This assembly had a 99.9% complement in BUSCO evaluation. A total of 14,982 genes protein-coding genes were predicted. In summary, we assembled the first telomere-to-telomere gapless genome of P. oryzae, which would be a valuable genome resource for future research on the genome evolution and host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jun Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaobei Ji
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Vijai Bhadauria
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Choi S, Lee SH, Hwang BS, Oh YT, Jeon J. Antifungal Activity-Guided Analysis of Actinostemma lobatum Extracts through Serial Sub-fractions. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:218-224. [PMID: 38606450 PMCID: PMC11016561 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.11.2023.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants are treasure trove of novel compounds that have potential for antifungal chemicals and drugs. In our previous study, we had screened plant extracts obtained from more than eight hundred plant materials collected in Korea, and found that butanol fraction of the Actinostemma lobatum were most potent in suppressing growth of diverse fungal pathogens of plants. Here in this study, we describe further analysis of the butanol fraction, and summarize the results of subsequent antifungal activity test for the sub-fractions against a selected set of plant pathogenic fungi. This line of analyses allowed us to identify the sub-fractions that could account for a significant proportion of observed antifungal activity of initial butanol fraction from A. lobatum. Further analysis of these sub-fractions and determination of structure would provide the shortlist for novel compounds that can be a lead to new agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonwoo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byeong Su Hwang
- Animal and Plant Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Young Taek Oh
- Animal and Plant Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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14
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Zhang Y, Lin XF, Li L, Piao RH, Wu S, Song A, Gao M, Jin YM. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Bsr-d1 enhances the blast resistance of rice in Northeast China. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:100. [PMID: 38498220 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The blast resistance allele of OsBsr-d1 does not exist in most japonica rice varieties of Jilin Province in China. The development of Bsr-d1 knockout mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 enhances broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in Northeast China. Rice blast is a global disease that has a significant negative impact on rice yield and quality. Due to the complexity and variability of the physiological races of rice blast, controlling rice blast is challenging in agricultural production. Bsr-d1, a negative transcription factor that confers broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, was identified in the indica rice cultivar Digu; however, its biological function in japonica rice varieties is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the blast resistance allele of Bsr-d1 in a total of 256 japonica rice varieties from Jilin Province in Northeast China and found that this allele was not present in these varieties. Therefore, we generated Bsr-d1 knockout mutants via the CRISPR/Cas9 system using the japonica rice variety Jigeng88 (JG88) as a recipient variety. Compared with those of the wild-type JG88, the homozygous Bsr-d1 mutant lines KO#1 and KO#2 showed enhanced leaf blast resistance at the seedling stage to several Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) races collected from Jilin Province in Northeast China. Physiological and biochemical indices revealed that the homozygous mutant lines produced more hydrogen peroxide than did JG88 plants when infected with M. oryzae. Comparative RNA-seq revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the synthesis of amide compounds, zinc finger proteins, transmembrane transporters, etc. In summary, our results indicate that the development of Bsr-d1 knockout mutants through CRISPR/Cas9 can enhance the broad-spectrum resistance of rice in Northeast China to rice blast. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for disease resistance breeding involving the Bsr-d1 gene in Northeast China, but also provides new germplasm resources for disease-resistance rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology/Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- Rice Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Feng Lin
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology/Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management On Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Gongzhuling, 136100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri-Hua Piao
- Rice Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100, People's Republic of China
| | - Songquan Wu
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Song
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology/Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Gao
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology/Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Jin
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology/Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhang L, Bao L, Li S, Liu Y, Liu H. Corrigendum: Active substances of myxobacteria against plant diseases and their action mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392109. [PMID: 38544866 PMCID: PMC10971235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294854.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liangliang Bao
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Songyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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16
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Chen L, Xiao J, Li Y, Song Y, Liu J, Zhou Q, Sun T, Wang HB, Liu B. The Raf-like MAPKKKs STY8, STY17, and STY46 negatively regulate Botrytis cinerea resistance by limiting MKK7 protein accumulation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1503-1516. [PMID: 38059690 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases, which seriously damage crop production, are in most cases caused by fungal pathogens. In this study, we found that the Raf-like MAPKKKs STY8 (SERINE/THREONINE/TYROSINE KINASE 8), STY17, and STY46 negatively regulate resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea through jasmonate response in Arabidopsis. Moreover, STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs negatively contribute to chitin signaling. We further identified MKK7 as the MAPKK component interacting with STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs. MKK7 positively contributes to resistance to B. cinerea and chitin signaling. Furthermore, we found that STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs negatively affect the accumulation of MKK7, in accordance with the opposite roles of MKK7 and STY8/STY17/STY46 homologs in defense against B. cinerea. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms precisely regulating plant immunity via Raf-like MAPKKKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, 510640, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - You Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Song
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang YM, Dong WR, Lin CY, Xu WB, Li BZ, Liu GX, Shu MA. Risk assessment of pesticide compounds: IPT and TCZ cause hepatotoxicity, activate stress pathway and affect the composition of intestinal flora in red swamp crayfish (Procambarusclarkii). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123315. [PMID: 38185353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Isoprothiolane (IPT) and tricyclazole (TCZ) are widely used in rice farming and recently in combined rice-fish farming. However, co-cultured animals are affected by these pesticides. To investigate the organismal effects and toxicity of pesticides, crayfish were exposed to 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppt TCZ or IPT for 7 days. Pesticide bioaccumulation, survival rate, metabolic parameters, structure of intestinal flora, and antioxidant-, apoptosis-, and HSP-related gene expression were determined. Pesticide exposure caused bioaccumulation of IPT or TCZ in the hepatopancreas and muscles of crayfish; however, IPT bioaccumulation was higher than that of TCZ. Both groups showed significant changes in hepatopancreatic serum biochemical parameters. Mitochondrial damage and chromosomal agglutination were observed in hepatopancreatic cells exposed to 100 ppt IPT or TCZ. IPT induced more significant changes in serum biochemical parameters than TCZ. The results of intestinal flora showed that Vibro, Flavobacterium, Anaerorhabdus and Shewanella may have potential for use as a bacterial marker of TCZ and IPT. Antioxidant-, apoptosis-, and HSP-related gene expression was disrupted by pesticide exposure, and was more seriously affected by IPT. The results suggest that IPT or TCZ induce hepatopancreatic cell toxicity; however, IPT or TCZ content in dietary crayfish exposed to 1 ppt was below the food safety residue standard. The data indicated that IPT exposure may be more toxic than TCZ exposure in hepatopancreas and intestines and toxicity of organism are alleviated by activating the pathway of stress-response, providing an understanding of pesticide compounds in rice-fish farming and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Ren Dong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen-Yang Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bang-Ze Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guang-Xu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Miao-An Shu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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18
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Shen N, Han L, Liu Z, Deng X, Zhu S, Liu C, Tang D, Li Y. The Microtubule End Binding Protein Mal3 Is Essential for the Dynamic Assembly of Microtubules during Magnaporthe oryzae Growth and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2672. [PMID: 38473921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) play crucial roles in many aspects of life processes in eukaryotic organisms. They dynamically assemble physiologically important MT arrays under different cell conditions. Currently, aspects of MT assembly underlying the development and pathogenesis of the model plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) are unclear. In this study, we characterized the MT plus end binding protein MoMal3 in M. oryzae. We found that knockout of MoMal3 results in defects in hyphal polar growth, appressorium-mediated host penetration and nucleus division. Using high-resolution live-cell imaging, we further found that the MoMal3 mutant assembled a rigid MT in parallel with the MT during hyphal polar growth, the cage-like network in the appressorium and the stick-like spindle in nuclear division. These aberrant MT organization patterns in the MoMal3 mutant impaired actin-based cell growth and host infection. Taken together, these findings showed that M. oryzae relies on MoMal3 to assemble elaborate MT arrays for growth and infection. The results also revealed the assembly mode of MTs in M. oryzae, indicating that MTs are pivotal for M. oryzae growth and host infection and may be new targets for devastating fungus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Libo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xianya Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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19
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Wu XY, Dong B, Zhu XM, Cai YY, Li L, Lu JP, Yu B, Cheng JL, Xu F, Bao JD, Wang Y, Liu XH, Lin FC. SP-141 targets Trs85 to inhibit rice blast fungus infection and functions as a potential broad-spectrum antifungal agent. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100724. [PMID: 37771153 PMCID: PMC10873891 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast is a devastating disease worldwide, threatening rice production and food security. The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae invades the host via the appressorium, a specialized pressure-generating structure that generates enormous turgor pressure to penetrate the host cuticle. However, owing to ongoing evolution of fungicide resistance, it is vitally important to identify new targets and fungicides. Here, we show that Trs85, a subunit of the transport protein particle III complex, is essential for appressorium-mediated infection in M. oryzae. We explain how Trs85 regulates autophagy through Ypt1 (a small guanosine triphosphatase protein) in M. oryzae. We then identify a key conserved amphipathic α helix within Trs85 that is associated with pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Through computer-aided screening, we identify a lead compound, SP-141, that affects autophagy and the Trs85-Ypt1 interaction. SP-141 demonstrates a substantial capacity to effectively inhibit infection caused by the rice blast fungus while also exhibiting wide-ranging potential as an antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity. Taken together, our data show that Trs85 is a potential new target and that SP-141 has potential for the control of rice blast. Our findings thus provide a novel strategy that may help in the fight against rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Li Cheng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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20
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Li YB, Shen N, Deng X, Liu Z, Zhu S, Liu C, Tang D, Han LB. Fimbrin associated with Pmk1 to regulate the actin assembly during Magnaporthe oryzae hyphal growth and infection. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38252344 PMCID: PMC10803693 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic assembly of the actin cytoskeleton is vital for Magnaporthe oryzae development and host infection. The actin-related protein MoFim1 is a key factor for organizing the M. oryzae actin cytoskeleton. Currently, how MoFim1 is regulated in M. oryzae to precisely rearrange the actin cytoskeleton is unclear. In this study, we found that MoFim1 associates with the M. oryzae mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Pmk1 to regulate actin assembly. MoFim1 directly interacted with Pmk1, and the phosphorylation level of MoFim1 was decreased in Δpmk1, which led to a change in the subcellular distribution of MoFim1 in the hyphae of Δpmk1. Moreover, the actin cytoskeleton was aberrantly organized at the hyphal tip in the Δpmk1, which was similar to what was observed in the Δmofim1 during hyphal growth. Furthermore, phosphorylation analysis revealed that Pmk1 could phosphorylate MoFim1 at serine 94. Loss of phosphorylation of MoFim1 at serine 94 decreased actin bundling activity. Additionally, the expression of the site mutant of MoFim1 S94D (in which serine 94 was replaced with aspartate to mimic phosphorylation) in Δpmk1 could reverse the defects in actin organization and hyphal growth in Δpmk1. It also partially rescues the formation of appressorium failure in Δpmk1. Taken together, these findings suggest a regulatory mechanism in which Pmk1 phosphorylates MoFim1 to regulate the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton during hyphal development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ningning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianya Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Li-Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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21
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Li L, Zhu XM, Bao JD, Wang JY, Liu XH, Lin FC. The cell cycle, autophagy, and cell wall integrity pathway jointly governed by MoSwe1 in Magnaporthe oryzae. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:19. [PMID: 38195499 PMCID: PMC10775494 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is pivotal to cellular differentiation in plant pathogenic fungi. Cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling plays an essential role in coping with cell wall stress. Autophagy is a degradation process in which cells decompose their components to recover macromolecules and provide energy under stress conditions. However, the specific association between cell cycle, autophagy and CWI pathway remains unclear in model pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we have identified MoSwe1 as the conserved component of the cell cycle in the rice blast fungus. We have found that MoSwe1 targets MoMps1, a conserved critical MAP kinase of the CWI pathway, through protein phosphorylation that positively regulates CWI signaling. The CWI pathway is abnormal in the ΔMoswe1 mutant with cell cycle arrest. In addition, we provided evidence that MoSwe1 positively regulates autophagy by interacting with MoAtg17 and MoAtg18, the core autophagy proteins. Moreover, the S phase initiation was earlier, the morphology of conidia and appressoria was abnormal, and septum formation and glycogen degradation were impaired in the ΔMoswe1 mutant. Our research defines that MoSWE1 regulation of G1/S transition, CWI pathway, and autophagy supports its specific requirement for appressorium development and virulence in plant pathogenic fungi. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jian-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiao-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Zhang L, Bao L, Li S, Liu Y, Liu H. Active substances of myxobacteria against plant diseases and their action mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1294854. [PMID: 38260911 PMCID: PMC10800785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxobacteria have a complex life cycle and unique social behavior, and obtain nutrients by preying on bacteria and fungi in soil. Chitinase, β-1,3 glucanase and β-1,6 glucanase produced by myxobacteria can degrade the glycosidic bond of cell wall of some plant pathogenic fungi, resulting in a perforated structure in the cell wall. In addition, isooctanol produced by myxobacteria can lead to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in some pathogenic fungi and induce cell apoptosis. Myxobacteria can also perforate the cell wall of some plant pathogenic oomycetes by β-1,3 glucanase, reduce the content of intracellular soluble protein and protective enzyme activity, affect the permeability of oomycete cell membrane, and aggravate the oxidative damage of pathogen cells. Small molecule compounds such as diisobutyl phthalate and myxovirescin produced by myxobacteria can inhibit the formation of biofilm and lipoprotein of bacteria, and cystobactamids can inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase, thus changing the permeability of bacterial cell membrane. Myxobacteria, as a new natural compound resource bank, can control plant pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria by producing carbohydrate active enzymes and small molecular compounds, so it has great potential in plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liangliang Bao
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Songyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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23
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Zhu Y, Su H, Liu XX, Sun JF, Xiang L, Liu YJ, Hu ZW, Xiong XY, Yang XM, Bhutto SH, Li GB, Peng YY, Wang H, Shen X, Zhao ZX, Zhang JW, Huang YY, Fan J, Wang WM, Li Y. Identification of NADPH Oxidase Genes Crucial for Rice Multiple Disease Resistance and Yield Traits. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:1. [PMID: 38170415 PMCID: PMC10764683 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a group of signaling molecules in rice functioning in regulation of development and stress responses. Respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs) are key enzymes in generation of ROS. However, the role of the nine Rboh family members was not fully understood in rice multiple disease resistance and yield traits. In this study, we constructed mutants of each Rboh genes and detected their requirement in rice multiple disease resistance and yield traits. Our results revealed that mutations of five Rboh genes (RbohA, RbohB, RbohE, RbohH, and RbohI) lead to compromised rice blast disease resistance in a disease nursery and lab conditions; mutations of five Rbohs (RbohA, RbohB, RbohC, RbohE, and RbohH) result in suppressed rice sheath blight resistance in a disease nursery and lab conditions; mutations of six Rbohs (RbohA, RbohB, RbohC, RbohE, RbohH and RbohI) lead to decreased rice leaf blight resistance in a paddy yard and ROS production induced by PAMPs and pathogen. Moreover, all Rboh genes participate in the regulation of rice yield traits, for all rboh mutants display one or more compromised yield traits, such as panicle number, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, and grain weight, resulting in reduced yield per plant except rbohb and rbohf. Our results identified the Rboh family members involved in the regulation of rice resistance against multiple pathogens that caused the most serious diseases worldwide and provide theoretical supporting for breeding application of these Rbohs to coordinate rice disease resistance and yield traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ji-Fen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang-Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sadam Hussain Bhutto
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guo-Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuan-Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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24
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Lambou K, Tag A, Lassagne A, Collemare J, Clergeot PH, Barbisan C, Perret P, Tharreau D, Millazo J, Chartier E, De Vries RP, Hirsch J, Morel JB, Beffa R, Kroj T, Thomas T, Lebrun MH. The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011945. [PMID: 38252628 PMCID: PMC10833574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae differentiates specialized cells called appressoria that are required for fungal penetration into host leaves. In this study, we identified the novel basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BIP1 (B-ZIP Involved in Pathogenesis-1) that is essential for pathogenicity. BIP1 is required for the infection of plant leaves, even if they are wounded, but not for appressorium-mediated penetration of artificial cellophane membranes. This phenotype suggests that BIP1 is not implicated in the differentiation of the penetration peg but is necessary for the initial establishment of the fungus within plant cells. BIP1 expression was restricted to the appressorium by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that 40 genes were down regulated in a BIP1 deletion mutant. Most of these genes were specifically expressed in the appressorium. They encode proteins with pathogenesis-related functions such as enzymes involved in secondary metabolism including those encoded by the ACE1 gene cluster, small secreted proteins such as SLP2, BAS2, BAS3, and AVR-Pi9 effectors, as well as plant cuticle and cell wall degrading enzymes. Interestingly, this BIP1 network is different from other known infection-related regulatory networks, highlighting the complexity of gene expression control during plant-fungal interactions. Promoters of BIP1-regulated genes shared a GCN4/bZIP-binding DNA motif (TGACTC) binding in vitro to BIP1. Mutation of this motif in the promoter of MGG_08381.7 from the ACE1 gene cluster abolished its appressorium-specific expression, showing that BIP1 behaves as a transcriptional activator. In summary, our findings demonstrate that BIP1 is critical for the expression of early invasion-related genes in appressoria. These genes are likely needed for biotrophic invasion of the first infected host cell, but not for the penetration process itself. Through these mechanisms, the blast fungus strategically anticipates the host plant environment and responses during appressorium-mediated penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lambou
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Tag
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Lassagne
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Collemare
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Henri Clergeot
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- ASP Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Philippe Perret
- Biochemistry Department, Bayer Crop Science SAS, Lyon, France
- Bayer S.A.S. Crop Science Division Global Toxicology- Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Didier Tharreau
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Joelle Millazo
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Elia Chartier
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ronald P. De Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Hirsch
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Pathologie Végétale, INRAE, Montfavet, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Roland Beffa
- Biochemistry Department, Bayer Crop Science SAS, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Kroj
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Terry Thomas
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marc-Henri Lebrun
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR 1290 BIOGER, Palaiseau, France
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25
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Li P, Sun H, Han X, Long F, Shen S, Li Z, Zeng F, Hao Z, Dong J. The Septin Gene StSep4 Contributes to the Pathogenicity of Setosphaeria turcica by Regulating the Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and Pathogenic Factor Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19568-19580. [PMID: 38019936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Septins are a conserved group of GTP-binding proteins found in all eukaryotes and are the fourth-most abundant cytoskeletal proteins. Septins of some pathogenic fungi are involved in morphological changes related to infection. Our previous studies have identified four core septins (StSep1-4) in Setosphaeria turcica, the causal agent of northern corn leaf blight, while only StSep4 is significantly upregulated during the invasive process. We therefore used forchlorfenuron (FCF), the specific inhibitor of septin, and ΔStSep4 knockout mutants to further clarify the role of septins in S. turcica pathogenicity. FCF treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in S. turcica colony growth, delayed the formation of infection structures, and reduced the penetration ability. ΔStSep4 knockout mutants displayed abnormal mycelium morphology, slow mycelial growth, conidiation deficiency, delayed appressorium development, and weakened pathogenicity. StSep4 deletion also broke cell wall integrity, altered chitin distribution, decreased the melanin content, and disrupted normal nuclear localization. A transcriptomic comparison revealed that genes differentially expressed between ΔStSep4 and WT were enriched in terms of ribosomes, protein translation, membrane components, and transmembrane transport activities. Our results demonstrate that StSep4 is required for morphology and pathogenicity in S. turcica, making it a promising target for the development of novel fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Hehe Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xinpeng Han
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Feng Long
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Shen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
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26
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Velmurugan S, Ashajyothi M, Charishma K, Kumar S, Balamurugan A, Javed M, Karwa S, Prakash G, Subramanian S, Gogoi R, Eke P, Kumar A. Enhancing defense against rice blast disease: Unveiling the role of leaf endophytic firmicutes in antifungal antibiosis and induced systemic resistance. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106326. [PMID: 37648175 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice remains the primary staple for more than half of the world's population, yet its cultivation faces numerous challenges, including both biotic and abiotic stresses. One significant obstacle is the prevalence of rice blast disease, which substantially diminishes productivity and increases cultivation costs due to frequent fungicide applications. Consequently, the presence of fungicide residues in rice raises concerns about compliance with international maximum residue limits (MRLs). While host resistance has proven effective, it often remains vulnerable to new variants of the Magnaporthe oryzae pathogen. Therefore, there is a critical need to explore innovative management strategies that can complement or enhance existing methods. An unexplored avenue involves harnessing endophytic bacterial communities. To this end, the present study investigates the potential of eleven endophytic Bacillus spp. in suppressing Pyricularia oryzae, promoting plant growth, and eliciting a defense response through phyllobacterization. The results indicate that the secreted metabolome and volatilome of seven tested isolates demonstrate inhibitory effects against P.oryzae, ranging from a minimum of 40% to a maximum of 70%. Bacillus siamensis L34, B. amyloliquefaciens RA37, B. velezensis L12, and B. subtilis B18 produce antifungal antibiotics targeting P.oryzae. Additionally, B. subtilis S4 and B. subtilis S6 emerge as excellent inducers of systemic resistance against blast disease, as evidenced by elevated activity of biochemical defense enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and total phenol content. However, a balance between primary metabolic activity (e.g., chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic rate) and defense activity is observed. Furthermore, specific endophytic Bacillus spp. significantly stimulates defense-related genes, including OsPAD4, OsFMO1, and OsEDS1. These findings underscore the multifaceted potential of endophytic Bacillus in managing blast disease through antibiosis and induced systemic resistance. In conclusion, this study highlights the promising role of endophytic Bacillus spp. as a viable option for blast disease management. Their ability to inhibit the pathogen and induce systemic resistance makes them a valuable addition to the existing strategies. However, it is crucial to consider the trade-off between primary metabolic activity and defense response when implementing these bacteria-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shanu Kumar
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Mohammed Javed
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sourabh Karwa
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ganesan Prakash
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S Subramanian
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Robin Gogoi
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pierre Eke
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aundy Kumar
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Cho E, Lee SH, Dean RA, Jeon J. Distinct dynamics of the nucleolus in response to nutrient availability and during development in the rice blast fungus. mBio 2023; 14:e0184423. [PMID: 37768072 PMCID: PMC10653916 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01844-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear structure that is involved in many fundamental processes of the nucleus. In higher eukaryotic cells, the size and shape of nucleoli correlate with nucleolar activities. For fungi, knowledge of the nucleolus and its functions is primarily gleaned from budding yeast. Whether such correlation is conserved and how nucleolar functions are regulated in filamentous fungi including important human and crop pathogens are largely unknown. Our observations reveal that the dynamics of nucleolus in a model plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, is distinct from those of animal and yeast nucleoli under low nutrient availability and during pathogenic development. Our data not only provide new insight into the nucleoli in filamentous fungi but also highlight the need for investigating how nucleolar dynamics is regulated in comparison to other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyeol Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ralph A. Dean
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sarkar D, Majumder S, Giri K, Sabnam N. In silico characterization, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation of a novel fungal cell-death suppressing effector, MoRlpA as potential cathepsin B-like cysteine protease inhibitor during rice blast infection. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9039-9056. [PMID: 36345772 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2139763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious pathogens affecting rice production worldwide. The cereal killer employs a special class of small secreted proteins called effectors to manipulate and perturb the host metabolism. In turn, the host plants trigger effector-triggered immunity (ETI) via localized cell death and hypersensitive response (HR). We have identified and characterized a novel secreted effector MoRlpA from M. oryzae by extensive in silico methods. The localization studies suggested that it is exclusively secreted in the host apoplasts. Interestingly, MoRlpA interacts with a protease, cathepsin B from rice with highest affinity. The 3D structural models of both the proteins were generated. Cathepsin B-like cysteine proteases are usually involved in programmed cell death (PCD) and autophagy in plants which lead to generation of HR upon infection. Our results suggest that MoRlpA interacts with rice cathepsin B-like cysteine protease and demolish the host counter-attack by suppressing cell death and HR during an active blast infection. This was further validated by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation analyses. The important residues involved in the rice-blast pathogen interactions were deciphered. Overall, this research highlights stable interactions between MoRlpA-OsCathB during rice blast pathogenesis and providing an insight into how this novel RlpA protease inhibitor-cum-effector modulates the host's apoplast to invade the host tissues and establish a successful infection. Thus, this research will help to develop potential fungicide to block the binding region of MoRlpA target so that the cryptic pathogen would be recognized by the host. HIGHLIGHTSFor the first time, a novel secreted effector protein, MoRlpA has been identified and characterised from M. oryzae in silicoMoRlpA contains a rare lipoprotein A-like DPBB domain which is often an enzymatic domain in other systemsMoRlpA as an apoplastic effector interacts with the rice protease OsCathB to suppress the cell death and hypersensitive response during rice blast infectionThe three-dimensional structures of both the MoRlpA and OsCathB proteins were predictedMoRlpA-OsCathB interactions were analysed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studiesCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrup Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Kalyan Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nazmiara Sabnam
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Bi R, Li R, Xu Z, Cai H, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Wu B, Sun P, Yang W, Zheng L, Chen XL, Luo CX, Teng H, Li Q, Li G. Melatonin targets MoIcl1 and works synergistically with fungicide isoprothiolane in rice blast control. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12896. [PMID: 37458404 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonina natural harmless molecule-displays versatile roles in human health and crop disease control such as for rice blast. Rice blast, caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one devastating disease of rice. Application of fungicides is one of the major measures in the control of various crop diseases. However, fungicide resistance in the pathogen and relevant environmental pollution are becoming serious problems. By screening for possible synergistic combinations, here, we discovered an eco-friendly combination for rice blast control, melatonin, and the fungicide isoprothiolane. These compounds together exhibited significant synergistic inhibitory effects on vegetative growth, conidial germination, appressorium formation, penetration, and plant infection by M. oryzae. The combination of melatonin and isoprothiolane reduced the effective concentration of isoprothiolane by over 10-fold as well as residual levels of isoprothiolane. Transcriptomics and lipidomics revealed that melatonin and isoprothiolane synergistically interfered with lipid metabolism by regulating many common targets, including the predicted isocitrate lyase-encoding gene MoICL1. Furthermore, using different techniques, we show that melatonin and isoprothiolane interact with MoIcl1. This study demonstrates that melatonin and isoprothiolane function synergistically and can be used to reduce the dosage and residual level of isoprothiolane, potentially contributing to the environment-friendly and sustainable control of crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renjian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyi Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanyu Cai
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaru Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bangting Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guotian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center for Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Kaur H, Gelain J, Calidonio J, Muñoz M, Faust JE, Schnabel G. Efficacy of calcium propionate against fungicide-resistant fungal plant pathogens and suppression of botrytis blight of ornamental flowers. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105472. [PMID: 37532311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional fungicides are used in IPM programs to manage fungal plant pathogens, but there are concerns about resistance development in target organisms, environmental contamination, and human health risks. This study explored the potential of calcium propionate (CaP), a common food preservative generally recognized as safe (GRAS) to control fungicide-resistant plant pathogens, mainly Botrytis cinerea, and botrytis blight in ornamentals. In-vitro experiments using mycelium growth inhibition indicated a mean EC50 value for CaP (pH 6.0) of 527 mg/L for six isolates of Botrytis cinerea as well as 618, 1354, and 1310 mg/L for six isolates each of Monilinia fructicola, Alternaria alternata, and Colletotrichum acutatum. In vitro efficacy tests indicated CaP equally inhibited mycelium growth of fungal isolates sensitive and resistant to FRAC codes 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 17 fungicides. CaP at 0.1% (pH 6.0-6.5) reduced infection cushion (IC) formation in vitro, botrytis blight on petunia flowers, and botrytis blight of cut flower roses with little to no visible phytotoxicity. Although higher concentrations strongly inhibited infection cushion formation, they did not improve efficacy and exhibited phytotoxicity. We hypothesize that high concentrations may create tissue damage that facilitates direct fungal penetration without the need for infection cushion and subsequent appressoria formation. This study indicates the potential usefulness of CaP for blossom blight disease management in ornamentals if applied at concentrations low enough to avoid phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Jhulia Gelain
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Josselyn Calidonio
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Melissa Muñoz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - James E Faust
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America.
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31
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Ryder LS, Lopez SG, Michels L, Eseola AB, Sprakel J, Ma W, Talbot NJ. A molecular mechanosensor for real-time visualization of appressorium membrane tension in Magnaporthe oryzae. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1508-1519. [PMID: 37474734 PMCID: PMC10390335 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae uses a pressurized infection cell called an appressorium to drive a rigid penetration peg through the leaf cuticle. The vast internal pressure of an appressorium is very challenging to investigate, leaving our understanding of the cellular mechanics of plant infection incomplete. Here, using fluorescence lifetime imaging of a membrane-targeting molecular mechanoprobe, we quantify changes in membrane tension in M. oryzae. We show that extreme pressure in the appressorium leads to large-scale spatial heterogeneities in membrane mechanics, much greater than those observed in any cell type previously. By contrast, non-pathogenic melanin-deficient mutants, exhibit low spatially homogeneous membrane tension. The sensor kinase ∆sln1 mutant displays significantly higher membrane tension during inflation of the appressorium, providing evidence that Sln1 controls turgor throughout plant infection. This non-invasive, live cell imaging technique therefore provides new insight into the enormous invasive forces deployed by pathogenic fungi to invade their hosts, offering the potential for new disease intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Ryder
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sergio G Lopez
- Cell and Developmental Biology, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lucile Michels
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alice B Eseola
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Weibin Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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Banakar SN, Prasannakumar MK, Parivallal PB, Pramesh D, Mahesh HB, Sarangi AN, Puneeth ME, Patil SS. Rice- Magnaporthe transcriptomics reveals host defense activation induced by red seaweed-biostimulant in rice plants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1132561. [PMID: 37424731 PMCID: PMC10327602 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1132561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Red seaweed extracts have been shown to trigger the biotic stress tolerance in several crops. However, reports on transcriptional modifications in plants treated with seaweed biostimulant are limited. To understand the specific response of rice to blast disease in seaweed-biostimulant-primed and non-primed plants, transcriptomics of a susceptible rice cultivar IR-64 was carried out at zero and 48 h post inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae (strain MG-01). A total of 3498 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; 1116 DEGs were explicitly regulated in pathogen-inoculated treatments. Functional analysis showed that most DEGs were involved in metabolism, transport, signaling, and defense. In a glass house, artificial inoculation of MG-01 on seaweed-primed plants resulted in the restricted spread of the pathogen leading to the confined blast disease lesions, primarily attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The DEGs in the primed plants were defense-related transcription factors, kinases, pathogenesis-related genes, peroxidases, and growth-related genes. The beta-D-xylosidase, a putative gene that helps in secondary cell wall reinforcement, was downregulated in non-primed plants, whereas it upregulated in the primed plants indicating its role in the host defense. Additionally, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, pathogenesis-related Bet-v-I family protein, chalcone synthase, chitinases, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and MYB families were upregulated in seaweed and challenge inoculated rice plants. Thus, our study shows that priming rice plants with seaweed bio-stimulants resulted in the induction of the defense in rice against blast disease. This phenomenon is contributed to early protection through ROS, protein kinase, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and cell wall strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana N. Banakar
- Plant PathoGenOmics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - M. K. Prasannakumar
- Plant PathoGenOmics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - P. Buela Parivallal
- Plant PathoGenOmics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - D. Pramesh
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - H. B. Mahesh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Mandya, India
| | | | - M. E. Puneeth
- Plant PathoGenOmics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swathi S. Patil
- Plant PathoGenOmics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Meng FZ, Wang ZQ, Luo M, Wei WK, Yin LF, Yin WX, Schnabel G, Luo CX. The velvet family proteins mediate low resistance to isoprothiolane in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011011. [PMID: 37276223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprothiolane (IPT) resistance has emerged in Magnaporthe oryzae, due to the long-term usage of IPT to control rice blast in China, yet the mechanisms of the resistance remain largely unknown. Through IPT adaptation on PDA medium, we obtained a variety of IPT-resistant mutants. Based on their EC50 values to IPT, the resistant mutants were mainly divided into three distinct categories, i.e., low resistance (LR, 6.5 ≤ EC50 < 13.0 μg/mL), moderate resistance 1 (MR-1, 13.0 ≤ EC50 < 25.0 μg/mL), and moderate resistance 2 (MR-2, 25.0 ≤ EC50 < 35.0 μg/mL). Molecular analysis of MoIRR (Magnaporthe oryzae isoprothiolane resistance related) gene demonstrated that it was associated only with the moderate resistance in MR-2 mutants, indicating that other mechanisms were associated with resistance in LR and MR-1 mutants. In this study, we mainly focused on the characterization of low resistance to IPT in M. oryzae. Mycelial growth and conidial germination were significantly reduced, indicating fitness penalties in LR mutants. Based on the differences of whole genome sequences between parental isolate and LR mutants, we identified a conserved MoVelB gene, encoding the velvet family transcription factor, and genetic transformation of wild type isolate verified that MoVelB gene was associated with the low resistance. Based on molecular analysis, we further demonstrated that the velvet family proteins VelB and VeA were indispensable for IPT toxicity and the deformation of the VelB-VeA-LaeA complex played a vital role for the low IPT-resistance in M. oryzae, most likely through the down-regulation of the secondary metabolism-related genes or CYP450 genes to reduce the toxicity of IPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Zhu Meng
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuo-Qian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Luo
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Kai Wei
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang-Fen Yin
- The Experimental Teaching Center of Crop Science, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Yin
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Experimental Teaching Center of Crop Science, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Chadha S. Combating fungal phytopathogens with human salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 through a multi-target mechanism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:215. [PMID: 37269390 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major contributor to decreased crop yield and rice production globally. The use of chemical fungicides to combat crop pathogens is not only unsafe but also promotes the emergence of pathogenic variants, leading to recurrent host infections. To address plant diseases, antimicrobial peptides have emerged as a promising alternative as they are effective, safe, and biodegradable antifungal agents. This study examines the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of the human salivary peptide histatin 5 (Hst5) on M. oryzae. Hst5 causes morphogenetic defects in the fungus, including non-uniform chitin distribution on the fungal cell wall and septa, deformed hyphal branching, and cell lysis. Importantly, a pore-forming mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae was ruled out. Furthermore, the interaction of Hst5 with the M. oryzae genomic DNA suggests that the peptide may also influence gene expression in the blast fungus. In addition to its effects on morphogenetic defects and cell lysis, Hst5 also inhibits conidial germination, appressorium formation, and the appearance of blast lesions on rice leaves. The elucidated multi-target antifungal mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae provides an environmentally friendly alternative to combating blast infections in rice by preventing fungal pathogenicity. The promising antifungal characteristics of the AMP peptide may also be explored for other crop pathogens, making it a potential biofungicide for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chadha
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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35
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Lee S, Völz R, Lim YJ, Harris W, Kim S, Lee YH. The nuclear effector MoHTR3 of Magnaporthe oryzae modulates host defence signalling in the biotrophic stage of rice infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:602-615. [PMID: 36977203 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal effectors play a pivotal role in suppressing the host defence system, and their evolution is highly dynamic. By comparative sequence analysis of plant-pathogenic fungi and Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified the small secreted C2 H2 zinc finger protein MoHTR3. MoHTR3 exhibited high conservation in M. oryzae strains but low conservation among other plant-pathogenic fungi, suggesting an emerging evolutionary selection process. MoHTR3 is exclusively expressed in the biotrophic stage of fungal invasion, and the encoded protein localizes to the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) and the host cell nucleus. The signal peptide crucial for MoHTR3' secretion to the BIC and the protein section required for its translocation to the nucleus were both identified by a functional protein domain study. The host-nuclear localization of MoHTR3 suggests a function as a transcriptional modulator of host defence gene induction. After ΔMohtr3 infection, the expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-associated genes was diminished in rice, in contrast to when the MoHTR3-overexpressing strain (MoHTR3ox) was applied. The transcript levels of salicylic acid- and defence-related genes were also affected after ΔMohtr3 and MoHTR3ox application. In pathogenicity assays, ΔMohtr3 was indistinguishable from the wild type. However, MoHTR3ox-infected plants showed diminished lesion formation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, accompanied by a decrease in susceptibility, suggesting that the MoHTR3-induced manipulation of host cells affects host-pathogen interaction. MoHTR3 emphasizes the role of the host nucleus as a critical target for the pathogen-driven manipulation of host defence mechanisms and underscores the ongoing evolution of rice blast's arms race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ronny Völz
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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36
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Shafi A, Khan RS, Mir S, Khan GH, Masoodi KZ, Sofi NR, Mohidin FA, Lone JA, Shikari AB. Gene expression of near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying blast resistance genes Pi9 and Pi54 in the background of rice cultivar Mushk Budji. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08475-5. [PMID: 37245171 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kashmir valley, India is a homeland to rice landraces like Zag, Nunbeoul, Qadirbeigh, Kawkadur, Kamad, Mushk Budji, etc., generally characterized by short grains, aroma, earliness and cold tolerance. Mushk Budji is a commercially important speciality rice known for its taste and aroma, nonetheless, is extremely vulnerable to blast disease. Through the use of the marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) approach, a set of 24 Near-isogenic lines (NILs) was created, and the lines with the highest background genome recovery were chosen. The expression analysis was carried out for the component genes and other eight pathway genes related to blast resistance. RESULTS The major blast resistance genes Pi9 (from IRBL-9W) and Pi54 (from DHMAS 70Q 164-1b) were incorporated following simultaneous-but-step-wise MABC. The NILs harbouring genes Pi9 + Pi54, Pi9 and Pi54 expressed resistance to isolate (Mo-nwi-kash-32) under controlled and natural field conditions. The loci controlling ETI (effector triggered immunity) included the gene Pi9 and showed 61.18 and 60.27 fold change in relative gene expression in Pi54 + Pi9 and Pi9 carrying NILs against RP Mushk Budji. Pi54 was up regulated and showed 41 and 21 fold change in relative gene expression for NIL-Pi54 + Pi9 and NIL-Pi54, respectively. Among the pathway genes, LOC_Os01g60600 (WRKY 108) recorded 8 and 7.5 fold up regulation in Pi9 and Pi54 NILs. CONCLUSION The NILs showed recurrent parent genome recovery (RPG) per cent of 81.67 to 92.54 and were on par in performance to recurrent parent Mushk Budji. The lines were utilized to study the expression of the loci controlling WRKYs, peroxidases and chitinases that confer overall ETI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshana Shafi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, J&K, 190 025, India
| | - Raheel Shafeeq Khan
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, J&K, 193 201, India
| | - Saba Mir
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - Gazala H Khan
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - K Z Masoodi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, J&K, 190 025, India
| | - Najeebul Rehman Sofi
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - F A Mohidin
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - Javeed A Lone
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - Asif Bashir Shikari
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, J&K, 193 201, India.
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Wang ZH, Shen ZF, Wang JY, Cai YY, Li L, Liao J, Lu JP, Zhu XM, Lin FC, Liu XH. MoCbp7, a Novel Calcineurin B Subunit-Binding Protein, Is Involved in the Calcium Signaling Pathway and Regulates Fungal Development, Virulence, and ER Homeostasis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119297. [PMID: 37298247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a key regulator of the calcium signaling pathway, is involved in calcium signal transduction and calcium ion homeostasis. Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating filamentous phytopathogenic fungus in rice, yet little is known about the function of the calcium signaling system. Here, we identified a novel calcineurin regulatory-subunit-binding protein, MoCbp7, which is highly conserved in filamentous fungi and was found to localize in the cytoplasm. Phenotypic analysis of the MoCBP7 gene deletion mutant (ΔMocbp7) showed that MoCbp7 influenced the growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, invasive growth, and virulence of M. oryzae. Some calcium-signaling-related genes, such as YVC1, VCX1, and RCN1, are expressed in a calcineurin/MoCbp7-dependent manner. Furthermore, MoCbp7 synergizes with calcineurin to regulate endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Our research indicated that M. oryzae may have evolved a new calcium signaling regulatory network to adapt to its environment compared to the fungal model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zi-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying-Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Yang J, Hu Y, Gao X, Chen R, Huang Z, Xu Z, Li L. Antifungal mechanisms of the antagonistic bacterium Bacillus mojavensis UTF-33 and its potential as a new biopesticide. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1201624. [PMID: 37293221 PMCID: PMC10246745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological control has gradually become the dominant means of controlling fungal disease over recent years. In this study, an endophytic strain of UTF-33 was isolated from acid mold (Rumex acetosa L.) leaves. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequence comparison, and biochemical and physiological characteristics, this strain was formally identified as Bacillus mojavensis. Bacillus mojavensis UTF-33 was sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested except neomycin. Moreover, the filtrate fermentation solution of Bacillus mojavensis UTF-33 had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of rice blast and was used in field evaluation tests, which reduced the infestation of rice blast effectively. Rice treated with filtrate fermentation broth exhibited multiple defense mechanisms in response, including the enhanced expression of disease process-related genes and transcription factor genes, and significantly upregulated the gene expression of titin, salicylic acid pathway-related genes, and H2O2 accumulation, in plants; this may directly or indirectly act as an antagonist to pathogenic infestation. Further analysis revealed that the n-butanol crude extract of Bacillus mojavensis UTF-33 could retard or even inhibit conidial germination and prevent the formation of adherent cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the amplification of functional genes for biocontrol using specific primers showed that Bacillus mojavensis UTF-33 expresses genes that can direct the synthesis of bioA, bmyB, fenB, ituD, srfAA and other substances; this information can help us to determine the extraction direction and purification method for inhibitory substances at a later stage. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify Bacillus mojavensis as a potential agent for the control of rice diseases; this strain, and its bioactive substances, have the potential to be developed as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyi Zhang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinchang Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liu D, Lun Z, Liu N, Yuan G, Wang X, Li S, Peng YL, Lu X. Identification and Characterization of Novel Candidate Effector Proteins from Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050574. [PMID: 37233285 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae secretes a large number of effector proteins to facilitate infection, most of which are not functionally characterized. We selected potential candidate effector genes from the genome of M. oryzae, field isolate P131, and cloned 69 putative effector genes for functional screening. Utilizing a rice protoplast transient expression system, we identified that four candidate effector genes, GAS1, BAS2, MoCEP1 and MoCEP2 induced cell death in rice. In particular, MoCEP2 also induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves through Agrobacteria-mediated transient gene expression. We further identified that six candidate effector genes, MoCEP3 to MoCEP8, suppress flg22-induced ROS burst in N. benthamiana leaves upon transient expression. These effector genes were highly expressed at a different stage after M. oryzae infection. We successfully knocked out five genes in M. oryzae, MoCEP1, MoCEP2, MoCEP3, MoCEP5 and MoCEP7. The virulence tests suggested that the deletion mutants of MoCEP2, MoCEP3 and MoCEP5 showed reduced virulence on rice and barley plants. Therefore, those genes play an important role in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqin Lun
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guixin Yuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xunli Lu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Perumal AB, Nambiar RB, Luo X, Su Z, Li X, He Y. Exploring dynamic changes of fungal cellular components during nanoemulsion treatment by multivariate microRaman imaging. Talanta 2023; 261:124666. [PMID: 37210918 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, essential oils (EO) have gained a lot of interest for use as antifungal agent in food and agricultural industry and extensive research is ongoing to understand their mode of action. However, the exact mechanism is not yet elucidated. Here, we integrated spectral unmixing and Raman microspectroscopy imaging to unveil the antifungal mechanism of green tea EO based nanoemulsion (NE) against Magnaporthe oryzae. The dramatic change in protein, lipid, adenine, and guanine bands indicate that NE has a significant impact on the protein, lipid and metabolic processes of purine. The results also demonstrated that the NE treatment caused damage to fungal hyphae by inducing a physical injury leading to cell wall damage and loss of integrity. Our study shows that MCR-ALS (Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares) and N-FINDR (N-finder algorithm) Raman imaging could serve as a suitable complementary package to the traditional methods, for revealing the antifungal mechanism of action of EO/NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Babu Perumal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Reshma B Nambiar
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xuelun Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenzhu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Thi Le L, Adreit H, Thi Ha L, Milazzo J, Lebrun M, Tharreau D, Hoi Pham X, Thanh Nguyen H, Fournier E, Thi Hoang G. Population structure of Pyricularia oryzae on rice in Vietnam reveals diversified populations with four pandemic and two endemic clusters. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 166:103794. [PMID: 37003467 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the genetic structure of 609 strains of Pyricularia oryzae, the fungal pathogen causing rice blast disease, in three main regions in Vietnam using microsatellites (SSR) markers. From the 447 distinct multilocus genotypes identified, six genetic clusters were defined, all of them showing elevated genetic and genotypic diversities. Four of these clusters were related to rice-attacking lineages already described at the worldwide scale, whereas the two remaining clusters were endemic to Vietnam. Strains were unevenly distributed into the six clusters depending on their groups of rice variety (indica / japonica) or type of varieties (traditional / modern) of origin, but none of the clusters was specifically related to these two factors. The highest diversity of blast population was found in Northern mountainous area, and the lowest in Red River Delta in both term of genetic diversity and gene diversity. Hierarchical AMOVAs confirmed that all three factors considered (rice variety group, type of variety origin and geography) significantly contributed to the population structure of P. oryzae in Vietnam, with highest contribution from rice variety group. Mating types were unevenly distributed among clusters. Combined with results of female fertility and linkage disequilibirum, we hypothesized that clonal reproduction probably occurred in all clusters, but that sexual reproduction likely took place at least in some restricted areas in the Northern mountainous area for strains belonging to the cluster related to the previously described recombinant lineage (worldwide lineage 1). Our study pictures the genetic diversity, population structure and reproductive mode of the blast fungus in central and north Vietnam, and shows that the observed population structure is explained by several factors, the most important one being the variability of rice variety. All these new information might help for elaborating appropriate strategies to controlling the blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieu Thi Le
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, VAAS, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE-2, Hanoi, Vietnam; University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Henri Adreit
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR PHIM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Loan Thi Ha
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, VAAS, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE-2, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joelle Milazzo
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR PHIM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Lebrun
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Didier Tharreau
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR PHIM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Xuan Hoi Pham
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, VAAS, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE-2, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Thanh Nguyen
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Elisabeth Fournier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Giang Thi Hoang
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, VAAS, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE-2, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Bhunjun CS, Phukhamsakda C, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Saxena RK, Li Q. Do all fungi have ancestors with endophytic lifestyles? FUNGAL DIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-023-00516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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43
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Wang K, Li S, Chen L, Tian H, Chen C, Fu Y, Du H, Hu Z, Li R, Du Y, Li J, Zhao Q, Du C. E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 destabilises the B-lectin receptor-like kinase PID2 to control blast disease resistance in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1826-1842. [PMID: 36440499 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that PID2, which encodes a B-lectin receptor-like kinase, is a key gene in the resistance of rice to Magnaporthe oryzae strain ZB15. However, the PID2-mediated downstream signalling events remain largely unknown. The U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 (PID2-interacting E3) was isolated and confirmed to play key roles in PID2-mediated rice blast resistance. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that the armadillo repeat region of OsPIE3 is required for its interaction with PID2. Further investigation demonstrated that OsPIE3 can modify the subcellular localisation of PID2, thus promoting its nuclear recruitment from the plasma membrane for protein degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved cysteine site (C230S) within the U-box domain of OsPIE3 reduces PID2 translocation and ubiquitination. Genetic analysis suggested that OsPIE3 loss-of-function mutants exhibited enhanced resistance to M. oryzae isolate ZB15, whereas mutants with overexpressed OsPIE3 exhibited reduced resistance. Furthermore, the OsPIE3/PID2-double mutant displayed a similar blast phenotype to that of the PID2 single mutant, suggesting that OsPIE3 is a negative regulator and functions along with PID2 in blast disease resistance. Our findings confirm that the E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 is necessary for PID2-mediated rice blast disease resistance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Longxin Chen
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Haoran Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yihan Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haitao Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Runting Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Yanxiu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Rice Industrial Technology Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Changqing Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Chen L, Xiao J, Huang Z, Zhou Q, Liu B. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of chitin-triggered immune responses in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:219-229. [PMID: 36396124 DOI: 10.1071/fp22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases seriously damage crop production, and most plant diseases are caused by fungi. Fungal cell walls contain chitin, a highly conserved component that is widely recognised by plants as a PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) to induce defence responses. The molecular mechanisms that function downstream of chitin-triggered intracellular phosphorylation remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to study protein phosphorylation changes in the plasma membrane after chitin treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana L. seedlings. Proteins with altered phosphorylation status after chitin treatment participated in biological processes ranging from signalling, localisation, and transport, to biogenesis, processing, and metabolism, suggesting that PAMP signalling targets multiple processes to coordinate the immune response. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of chitin-induced plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Fan X, Zhang P, Batool W, Liu C, Hu Y, Wei Y, He Z, Zhang SH. Contribution of the Tyrosinase (MoTyr) to Melanin Synthesis, Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030311. [PMID: 36983479 PMCID: PMC10059870 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroxynapthalene-(DHN) and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) are two types of dominant melanin in fungi. Fungal melanins with versatile functions are frequently associated with pathogenicity and stress tolerance. In rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, DHN melanin is essential to maintain the integrity of the infectious structure, appressoria; but the role of the tyrosinase-derived L-DOPA melanin is still unknown. Here, we have genetically and biologically characterized a tyrosinase gene (MoTyr) in M. oryzae. MoTyr encodes a protein of 719 amino acids that contains the typical CuA and CuB domains of tyrosinase. The deletion mutant of MoTyr (ΔMoTyr) was obtained by using a homologous recombination approach. Phenotypic analysis showed that conidiophore stalks and conidia formation was significantly reduced in ΔMoTyr. Under different concentrations of glycerol and PEG, more appressoria collapsed in the mutant strains than in the wild type, suggesting MoTyr is associated with the integrity of the appressorium wall. Melanin measurement confirmed that MoTyr loss resulted in a significant decrease in melanin synthesis. Accordingly, the loss of MoTyr stunted the conidia germination under stress conditions. Importantly, the MoTyr deletion affected both infection and pathogenesis stages. These results suggest that MoTyr, like DHN pigment synthase, plays a key role in conidiophore stalks formation, appressorium integrity, and pathogenesis of M. oryzae, revealing a potential drug target for blast disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhengquan He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence:
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Pectate Lyase Genes Abundantly Expressed During the Infection Regulate Morphological Development of Colletotrichum camelliae and CcPEL16 Is Required for Full Virulence to Tea Plants. mSphere 2023; 8:e0067722. [PMID: 36692304 PMCID: PMC9942558 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00677-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum camelliae is the dominant species causing foliar diseases of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China. Transcriptome data and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis have demonstrated that the pectate lyase genes in C. camelliae (CcPELs) were significantly upregulated during infectious development on tea plants (cv. Longjing43). To further evaluate the biological functions of CcPELs, we established a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation system of C. camelliae and generated targeted deletion mutants of seven CcPELs. Phenotypic assays showed that the genes contribute to mycelial growth, conidiation, and appressorium development. The polypeptides encoded by each CcPEL gene contained a predicted N-terminal signal peptide, and a yeast invertase secretion assay suggested that each CcPEL protein could be secreted. Cell death-suppressive activity assays confirmed that all seven CcPELs did not suppress Bax-induced cell death in tobacco leaf cells. However, deletion of CcPEL16 significantly reduced necrotic lesions on tea leaves. Taken together, these results indicated that CcPELs play essential roles in regulating morphological development, and CcPEL16 is required for full virulence in C. camelliae. IMPORTANCE In this study, we first established a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation system of C. camelliae and used it to investigate the biological functions of seven pectate lyase genes (CcPELs) which were abundantly expressed during infection. The results provided insights into the contributions of pectate lyase to mycelial growth, conidial production, appressorium formation, and the pathogenicity of C. camelliae. We also confirmed the secretory function of CcPEL proteins and their role in suppressing Bax-induced cell death. Overall, this study provides an effective method for generating gene-deletion transformants in C. camelliae and broadens our understanding of pectate lyase in regulating morphological development and pathogenicity.
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CRISPR/dCas9-Mediated Gene Silencing in Two Plant Fungal Pathogens. mSphere 2023; 8:e0059422. [PMID: 36655998 PMCID: PMC9942560 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00594-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae and Ustilaginoidea virens are two filamentous fungal pathogens that threaten rice production worldwide. Genetic tools that permit fast gene deletion and silencing are of great interest for functional genomics of fungal pathogens. As a revolutionary genome editing tool, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) enable many innovative applications. Here, we developed a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) toolkit using nuclease activity dead Cas9 (dCas9) to silence genes of interest in M. oryzae and U. virens. We optimized the components of CRISPRi vectors, including transcriptional repression domains, dCas9 promoters, and guide RNA (gRNA) promoters. The CRISPRi tool was tested using nine gRNAs to target the promoters of MoATG3, MoATG7, and UvPal1. The results indicated that a single gRNA could direct the dCas9-fused transcriptional repression domain to efficiently silence the target gene in M. oryzae and U. virens. In both fungi, the target genes were repressed >100-fold, and desired phenotypes were observed in CRISPRi strains. Importantly, we showed that multiple genes could be easily silenced using polycistronic tRNA-gRNA in CRISPRi. Furthermore, gRNAs that bind different promoter regions displayed variable repression levels of target genes, highlighting the importance of gRNA design for CRISPRi efficiency. Together, this study provides an efficient and robust CRISPRi tool for targeted gene silencing in M. oryzae and U. virens. Owing to its simplicity and multiplexity, CRISPRi will be a useful tool for gene function discovery in fungal pathogens. IMPORTANCE Many devastating plant diseases are caused by fungal pathogens that evolve rapidly to adapt to host resistance and environmental changes. Therefore, genetic tools that enable fast gene function discovery are needed to study the pathogenicity and stress adaptation of fungal pathogens. In this study, we adopted the CRISPR/Cas9 system to silence genes in Magnaporthe oryzae and Ustilaginoidea virens, which are two dominant fungal pathogens that threaten rice production worldwide. We present a versatile and robust CRISPRi toolkit that represses target gene expression >100-fold using a single gRNA. We also demonstrated that CRISPRi could simultaneously silence multiple genes using the tRNA-gRNA strategy. The CRISPRi technologies described in this study would accelerate the functional genomics of fungal pathogens.
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Yang R, Shi Q, Huang T, Yan Y, Li S, Fang Y, Li Y, Liu L, Liu L, Wang X, Peng Y, Fan J, Zou L, Lin S, Chen G. The natural pyrazolotriazine pseudoiodinine from Pseudomonas mosselii 923 inhibits plant bacterial and fungal pathogens. Nat Commun 2023; 14:734. [PMID: 36759518 PMCID: PMC9911603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products largely produced by Pseudomonads-like soil-dwelling microorganisms are a consistent source of antimicrobial metabolites and pesticides. Herein we report the isolation of Pseudomonas mosselii strain 923 from rice rhizosphere soils of paddy fields, which specifically inhibit the growth of plant bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas species and the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The antimicrobial compound is purified and identified as pseudoiodinine using high-resolution mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Genome-wide random mutagenesis, transcriptome analysis and biochemical assays define the pseudoiodinine biosynthetic cluster as psdABCDEFG. Pseudoiodinine biosynthesis is proposed to initiate from guanosine triphosphate and 1,6-didesmethyltoxoflavin is a biosynthetic intermediate. Transposon mutagenesis indicate that GacA is the global regulator. Furthermore, two noncoding small RNAs, rsmY and rsmZ, positively regulate pseudoiodinine transcription, and the carbon storage regulators CsrA2 and CsrA3, which negatively regulate the expression of psdA. A 22.4-fold increase in pseudoiodinine production is achieved by optimizing the media used for fermentation, overexpressing the biosynthetic operon, and removing the CsrA binding sites. Both of the strain 923 and purified pseudoiodinine in planta inhibit the pathogens without affecting the rice host, suggesting that pseudoiodinine can be used to control plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Yang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shengzhang Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Longyu Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongzheng Peng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Appressoria-Small but Incredibly Powerful Structures in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032141. [PMID: 36768468 PMCID: PMC9917257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic fungi are responsible for many of the most severe crop diseases in the world and remain very challenging to control. Improving current protection strategies or designating new measures based on an overall understanding of molecular host-pathogen interaction mechanisms could be helpful for disease management. The attachment and penetration of the plant surface are the most important events among diverse plant-fungi interactions. Fungi evolved as small but incredibly powerful infection structure appressoria to facilitate attachment and penetration. Appressoria are indispensable for many diseases, such as rusts, powdery mildews, and blast diseases, as well as devastating oomycete diseases. Investigation into the formation of plant-pathogen appressoria contributes to improving the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions. Fungal host attachment is a vital step of fungal pathogenesis. Here, we review recent advances in the molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of appressoria. Additionally, some biocontrol agents were revealed to act on appressorium. The regulation of fungal adhesion during the infective process by acting on appressoria formation is expected to prevent the occurrence of crop disease caused by some pathogenic fungi.
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Xu Z, Tong Q, Lv W, Xiao Y, Wang Z. Phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase MoPct1 is crucial for vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressorium-mediated plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1136168. [PMID: 37213497 PMCID: PMC10196169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1136168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) plays crucial biological roles in eukaryotic cells. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, apart from phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) methylation pathway, PC is also synthesized via CDP-choline pathway. Phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase Pct1 is the rate-limiting enzyme to catalyze the conversion from phosphocholine to CDP-choline in this pathway. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of an ortholog of the budding yeast PCT1 in Magnaporthe oryzae, named MoPCT1. Targeted gene deletion mutants of MoPCT1 were impaired in vegetative growth, conidiation, appressorium turgor accumulation and cell wall integrity. Also, the mutants were severely compromised in appressorium-mediated penetration, infectious growth and pathogenicity. Western blot analysis revealed that cell autophagy was activated by the deletion of MoPCT1 under nutrient-rich conditions. Moreover, we found several key genes in PE methylation pathway, such as MoCHO2, MoOPI3, and MoPSD2, were significantly up-regulated in the ΔMopct1 mutants, indicating that a pronounced compensation effect exists between the two PC biosynthesis pathways in M. oryzae. Interestingly, in the ΔMopct1 mutants, histone H3 was hypermethylated and expression levels of several methionine cycling-related genes were significantly up-regulated, suggesting that MoPCT1 is involved in histone H3 methylation and methionine metabolism. Taken together, we conclude that the phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase coding gene MoPCT1 plays important roles in vegetative growth, conidiation and appressorium-mediated plant infection by M. oryzae.
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