1
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Kambhampati P. Unraveling the excitonics of light emission from metal-halide perovskite quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39052235 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide semicondictor perovskites have been under intense investigation for their promise in light absorptive applications like photovoltaics. They have more recently experienced interest for their promise in light emissive applications. A key aspect of perovskites is their glassy, ionic lattice that exhibits dynamical disorder. One possible result of this dynamical disorder is their strong coupling between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom which may confer remarkable properties for light emission such as defect tolerance. How does the system, comprised of excitons, couple to the bath, comprised of lattice modes? How does this system-bath interaction give rise to novel light emissive properties and how do these properties give insight into the nature of these materials? We review recent work from this group in which time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to reveal such insights. Based upon a fast time resolution of 3 ps, energy resolution, and temperature dependence, a wide variety of insights are gleaned. These insights include: lattice contributions to the emission linewidths, multiexciton formation, hot carrier cooling, excitonic fine structure, single dot superradiance, and a breakdown of the Condon approximation, all due to complex structural dynamics in these materials.
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2
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Gumber S, Prezhdo OV. Energy-Conserving Surface Hopping for Auger Processes. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5408-5417. [PMID: 38902855 PMCID: PMC11238531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Auger-type processes are ubiquitous in nanoscale materials because quantum confinement enhances Coulomb interactions, and there exist large densities of states. Modeling Auger processes requires the modification of nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics algorithms to include transitions caused by both NA and Coulomb couplings. The system is split into quantum and classical subsystems, e.g., electrons and vibrations, and as a result, energy conservation becomes nontrivial. In surface hopping, an electronic transition induced by NA coupling is accompanied by a classical velocity readjustment to ensure conservation of the total quantum-classical energy. A different treatment is needed for Auger transitions driven by Coulomb interactions. We develop a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics methodology that meticulously differentiates the energy redistribution accompanying hops induced by the NA coupling and the Coulomb interaction and correctly conserves the total energy at each transition. If the transition is driven by a Coulomb interaction, the hop energy is redistributed within the quantum electronic subsystem only. If the transition is NA, the energy is redistributed between the quantum and classical subsystems. Properly maintaining energy conservation for both types of transitions is crucial to generate a correct order of events, obtain accurate transition times, maintain a proper statistical distribution of state populations, and reach thermodynamic equilibrium. We test the method with biexciton annihilation and Auger-assisted hot electron relaxation in a CdSe quantum dot. The sequence of Auger and phonon-driven processes and the calculated time scales are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The developed approach can be coupled with any surface-hopping method and provides a crucial practical advance to study charge-carrier dynamics in the nanoscale and condensed matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Gumber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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3
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Oriel EH, Dirin DN, Shcherbak K, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Chen LX, Schaller RD. Intraband Cooling and Auger Recombination in Weakly to Strongly Quantum-Confined CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6062-6068. [PMID: 38820135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with size-tuned energy gaps present unique and desirable properties for optoelectronic applications. Recent synthetic advancements offer routes to spheroidal CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs in the strong quantum confinement regime with narrow size dispersion. Using tunable femtosecond laser pulses, we examine intraband carrier relaxation using transient absorption spectroscopy and show that, across the transition from weak to strong confinement, hot carrier lifetime increases compared to larger bulk-like particles. However, further increases of confinement subsequently lead to a reduction of the hot carrier lifetime and increase of the non-radiative Auger recombination rate. Finally, we show that hot carrier lifetimes increase as a function of excess energy above the band gap less sensitively under high confinement in comparison to the bulk. Understanding such unique trends is important for maximizing hot carrier lifetimes for use in next-generation hot carrier devices as well as evaluating the transition from weak to strong confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H Oriel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kseniia Shcherbak
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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4
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Reddy SR, Coto PB, Thoss M. Intramolecular singlet fission: Quantum dynamical simulations including the effect of the laser field. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:194306. [PMID: 38767260 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the previous work [Reddy et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 044307 (2019)], we have analyzed the dynamics of the intramolecular singlet fission process in a series of prototypical pentacene-based dimers, where the pentacene monomers are covalently bonded to a phenylene linker in ortho, meta, and para positions. The results obtained were qualitatively consistent with the experimental data available, showing an ultrafast population of the multiexcitonic state that mainly takes place via a mediated (superexchange-like) mechanism involving charge transfer and doubly excited states. Our results also highlighted the instrumental role of molecular vibrations in the process as a sizable population of the multiexcitonic state could only be obtained through vibronic coupling. Here, we extend these studies and investigate the effect of the laser field on the dynamics of intramolecular singlet fission by explicitly including the coupling to the laser field in our model. In this manner, and by selectively tuning the laser field to the different low-lying absorption bands of the systems investigated, we analyze the wavelength dependence of the intramolecular singlet fission process. In addition, we have also analyzed how the nature of the initially photoexcited electronic state (either localized or delocalized) affects its dynamics. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the design of intramolecular singlet fission-active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajagopala Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Pedro B Coto
- Materials Physics Center (CFM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Lim JWM, Guo Y, Feng M, Cai R, Sum TC. Making and Breaking of Exciton Cooling Bottlenecks in Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:437-449. [PMID: 38158611 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing quantum confinement (QC) effects in semiconductors to retard hot carrier cooling (HCC) is an attractive approach for enabling efficient hot carrier extraction to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit. However, there is a debate about whether halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) can effectively exploit these effects. To address this, we utilized pump-probe and multipulse pump-push-probe spectroscopy to investigate HCC behavior in PNCs of varying sizes and cation compositions. Our results validate the presence of an intrinsic phonon bottleneck with clear manifestations of QC effects in small CsPbBr3 PNCs exhibiting slower HCC rates compared to those of larger PNCs. However, the replacement of inorganic Cs+ with organic cations suppresses this intrinsic bottleneck. Furthermore, PNCs exhibit distinct size-dependent HCC behavior in response to changes in the cold carrier densities. We attribute this to the enhanced exciton-exciton interactions in strongly confined PNCs that facilitate Auger heating. Importantly, our findings dispel the existing controversy and provide valuable insights into design principles for engineering QC effects in PNC hot carrier applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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6
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Hetherington CV, Mohan T M N, Tilluck RW, Beck WF, Levine BG. Origin of Vibronic Coherences During Carrier Cooling in Colloidal Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11651-11658. [PMID: 38109055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments [Tilluck et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12 (39), 9677-9683] indicate the creation of coherent vibronic wavepackets in the first femtoseconds of hot carrier cooling in hexadecylamine-passivated CdSe quantum dots. Here we present a quantum chemical study of the origin of these coherences in a CdSe nanocrystal. We find that coherent wavepacket motions along vibrational coordinates with alkylamine character promote nonradiative relaxation through conical intersections between the exciton states of the inorganic core. Electronic excitations in the core are found to pass energy to the vibrations of the ligands via two distinct mechanisms: excitation of core phonon modes that are coupled to the ligand vibrations and direct excitation of ligand vibrations by delocalization of the exciton onto the ligands, both of which naturally arise within a photochemical framework based on many-electron potential energy surfaces. If these findings are demonstrated to be general, vibronic coherences may be leveraged to control photophysical outcomes in colloidal quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V Hetherington
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11733 United States
| | - Nila Mohan T M
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Ryan W Tilluck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11733 United States
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7
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Xu C, Zhou G, Alexeev EM, Cadore AR, Paradisanos I, Ott AK, Soavi G, Tongay S, Cerullo G, Ferrari AC, Prezhdo OV, Loh ZH. Ultrafast Electronic Relaxation Dynamics of Atomically Thin MoS 2 Is Accelerated by Wrinkling. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16682-16694. [PMID: 37581747 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering is an attractive approach for tuning the local optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). While strain has been shown to affect the nanosecond carrier recombination dynamics of TMDs, its influence on the sub-picosecond electronic relaxation dynamics is still unexplored. Here, we employ a combination of time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (TR-PEEM) and nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics (NAMD) to investigate the ultrafast dynamics of wrinkled multilayer (ML) MoS2 comprising 17 layers. Following 2.41 eV photoexcitation, electronic relaxation at the Γ valley occurs with a time constant of 97 ± 2 fs for wrinkled ML-MoS2 and 120 ± 2 fs for flat ML-MoS2. NAMD shows that wrinkling permits larger amplitude motions of MoS2 layers, relaxes electron-phonon coupling selection rules, perturbs chemical bonding, and increases the electronic density of states. As a result, the nonadiabatic coupling grows and electronic relaxation becomes faster compared to flat ML-MoS2. Our study suggests that the sub-picosecond electronic relaxation dynamics of TMDs is amenable to strain engineering and that applications which require long-lived hot carriers, such as hot-electron-driven light harvesting and photocatalysis, should employ wrinkle-free TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Guoqing Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Evgeny M Alexeev
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Alisson R Cadore
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Paradisanos
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K Ott
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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8
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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9
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Das TK, Ganguly S. Revolutionizing Food Safety with Quantum Dot-Polymer Nanocomposites: From Monitoring to Sensing Applications. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112195. [PMID: 37297441 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review article investigates the prospective utilisation of quantum dot-polymer nanocomposites in the context of ensuring food safety. The text pertains to the advancement of nanocomposites, encompassing their distinctive optical and electrical characteristics, and their prospective to transform the detection and perception of food safety risks. The article explores diverse methodologies for producing nanocomposites and underscores their potential utility in identifying impurities, microorganisms, and harmful substances in food. The article provides an overview of the challenges and limitations associated with the utilisation of nanocomposites in food safety applications, encompassing concerns regarding toxicity and the necessity for standardised protocols. The review article presents a comprehensive examination of the present research status in this area and underscores the potential of quantum dots-polymer nanocomposites in transforming food safety monitoring and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Das
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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10
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Yue L, Li J, Qi Y, Chen J, Wang X, Cao J. Auger Recombination and Carrier-Lattice Thermalization in Semiconductor Quantum Dots under Intense Excitation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2578-2585. [PMID: 36972411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the photocarrier relaxation dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is essential to optimize their device performance. However, resolving hot carrier kinetics under high excitation conditions with multiple excitons per dot is challenging because it convolutes several ultrafast processes, including Auger recombination, carrier-phonon scattering, and phonon thermalization. Here, we report a systematic study of the lattice dynamics induced by intense photoexcitation in PbSe QDs. By probing the dynamics from the lattice perspective using ultrafast electron diffraction together with modeling the correlated processes collectively, we can differentiate their roles in photocarrier relaxation. The results reveal that the observed lattice heating time scale is longer than that of carrier intraband relaxation obtained previously using transient optical spectroscopy. Moreover, we find that Auger recombination efficiently annihilates excitons and speeds up lattice heating. This work can be readily extended to other semiconductor QDs systems with varying dot sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luye Yue
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingjun Li
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingpeng Qi
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jianming Cao
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Physics Department and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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11
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Austin R, Farah Y, Sayer T, Luther B, Montoya-Castillo A, Krummel A, Sambur J. Hot carrier extraction from 2D semiconductor photoelectrodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220333120. [PMID: 37011201 PMCID: PMC10104502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220333120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot carrier-based energy conversion systems could double the efficiency of conventional solar energy technology or drive photochemical reactions that would not be possible using fully thermalized, "cool" carriers, but current strategies require expensive multijunction architectures. Using an unprecedented combination of photoelectrochemical and in situ transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, we demonstrate ultrafast (<50 fs) hot exciton and free carrier extraction under applied bias in a proof-of-concept photoelectrochemical solar cell made from earth-abundant and potentially inexpensive monolayer (ML) MoS2. Our approach facilitates ultrathin 7 Å charge transport distances over 1 cm2 areas by intimately coupling ML-MoS2 to an electron-selective solid contact and a hole-selective electrolyte contact. Our theoretical investigations of the spatial distribution of exciton states suggest greater electronic coupling between hot exciton states located on peripheral S atoms and neighboring contacts likely facilitates ultrafast charge transfer. Our work delineates future two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor design strategies for practical implementation in ultrathin photovoltaic and solar fuel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Yusef R. Farah
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Thomas Sayer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Bradley M. Luther
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | | | - Amber T. Krummel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Justin B. Sambur
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
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12
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Wang T, Hopper TR, Mondal N, Liu S, Yao C, Zheng X, Torrisi F, Bakulin AA. Hot Carrier Cooling and Trapping in Atomically Thin WS 2 Probed by Three-Pulse Femtosecond Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6330-6340. [PMID: 36939760 PMCID: PMC10100566 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have shown outstanding semiconducting properties which make them promising materials for next-generation optoelectronic and electronic devices. These properties are imparted by fundamental carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions that are foundational to hot carrier cooling. Recent transient absorption studies have reported ultrafast time scales for carrier cooling in TMDs that can be slowed at high excitation densities via a hot-phonon bottleneck (HPB) and discussed these findings in the light of optoelectronic applications. However, quantitative descriptions of the HPB in TMDs, including details of the electron-lattice coupling and how cooling is affected by the redistribution of energy between carriers, are still lacking. Here, we use femtosecond pump-push-probe spectroscopy as a single approach to systematically characterize the scattering of hot carriers with optical phonons, cold carriers, and defects in a benchmark TMD monolayer of polycrystalline WS2. By controlling the interband pump and intraband push excitations, we observe, in real-time (i) an extremely rapid "intrinsic" cooling rate of ∼18 ± 2.7 eV/ps, which can be slowed with increasing hot carrier density, (ii) the deprecation of this HPB at elevated cold carrier densities, exposing a previously undisclosed role of the carrier-carrier interactions in mediating cooling, and (iii) the interception of high energy hot carriers on the subpicosecond time scale by lattice defects, which may account for the lower photoluminescence yield of TMDs when excited above band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Hopper
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sihui Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chengning Yao
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xijia Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita’
di Catania & CNR-IMM (Catania Universita’), Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Artem A. Bakulin
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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13
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Shulenberger KE, Jilek MR, Sherman SJ, Hohman BT, Dukovic G. Electronic Structure and Excited State Dynamics of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanorods. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3852-3903. [PMID: 36881852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The cylindrical quasi-one-dimensional shape of colloidal semiconductor nanorods (NRs) gives them unique electronic structure and optical properties. In addition to the band gap tunability common to nanocrystals, NRs have polarized light absorption and emission and high molar absorptivities. NR-shaped heterostructures feature control of electron and hole locations as well as light emission energy and efficiency. We comprehensively review the electronic structure and optical properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs and NR heterostructures (e.g., CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods, CdSe/ZnS rod-in-rods), which have been widely investigated over the last two decades due in part to promising optoelectronic applications. We start by describing methods for synthesizing these colloidal NRs. We then detail the electronic structure of single-component and heterostructure NRs and follow with a discussion of light absorption and emission in these materials. Next, we describe the excited state dynamics of these NRs, including carrier cooling, carrier and exciton migration, radiative and nonradiative recombination, multiexciton generation and dynamics, and processes that involve trapped carriers. Finally, we describe charge transfer from photoexcited NRs and connect the dynamics of these processes with light-driven chemistry. We end with an outlook that highlights some of the outstanding questions about the excited state properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison R Jilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Skylar J Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin T Hohman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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14
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Vazhappilly T, Kilin DS, Micha DA. Photoabsorbance of supported metal clusters: ab initio density matrix and model studies of large Ag clusters on Si surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14757-14765. [PMID: 36602101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04922h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal clusters with 10 to 100 atoms supported by a solid surface show electronic structure typical of molecules and require ab initio treatments starting from their atomic structure, and they also can display collective electronic phenomena similar to plasmons in metal solids. We have employed ab initio electronic structure results from two different density functionals (PBE and the hybrid HSE06) and a reduced density matrix treatment of the dissipative photodynamics to calculate light absorbance by the large Ag clusters AgN, N = 33, 37(open shell) and N = 32, 34 (closed shell), adsorbed at the Si(111) surface of a slab, and forming nanostructured surfaces. Results on light absorption are quite different for the two functionals, and are presented here for light absorbances using orbitals and energies from the hybrid functional giving correct energy band gaps. Absorption of Ag clusters on Si increases light absorbance versus photon energy by large percentages, with peak increases found in regions of photon energies corresponding to localized plasmons. The present metal clusters are large enough to allow for modelling with continuum dielectric treatments of their medium. A mesoscopic Drude-Lorentz model is presented in a version suitable for the present structures, and provides an interpretation of our results. The calculated range of plasmon energies overlaps with the range of solar photon energies, making the present structures and properties relevant to applications to solar photoabsorption and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijo Vazhappilly
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Dmitri S Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - David A Micha
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics, Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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15
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Lee H, Park Y, Song K, Park JY. Surface Plasmon-Induced Hot Carriers: Generation, Detection, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3727-3737. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhwa Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 31414, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 31414, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjae Song
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 31414, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 31414, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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16
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Besse R, Wang H, West D, Da Silva JLF, Zhang S. Prediction of Effective Photoelectron and Hole Separation in Type-I MoS 2/PtSe 2 van der Waals Junction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6407-6411. [PMID: 35802831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of charge transfer at vertical heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers is fundamentally important for future technological applications, given the unique feature of van der Waals interactions at the interface. Here, we employ time-dependent density functional theory formalism combined with molecular dynamics to investigate photoexcited electrons and holes in the type-I MoS2/PtSe2 van der Waals heterobilayer. While type-I junctions have been traditionally viewed as being ineffective in photocarrier separation, we show that here a different mechanism from type-II is at play, which effectively separates photoelectrons from photoholes. The key is the phonon bottleneck, arising from the characteristically different dynamic band alignments in the valence and conduction bands, respectively, which only affects the transfer of holes but not electrons. The disparity between electron and hole transfer rates offers a new direction for effective control of charge separation at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Besse
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Han Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Damien West
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Shengbai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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17
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Jasrasaria D, Weinberg D, Philbin JP, Rabani E. Simulations of nonradiative processes in semiconductor nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:020901. [PMID: 35840368 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of carrier dynamics in spatially confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), which have enhanced electron-hole and exciton-phonon interactions, is a great challenge for modern computational science. These NCs typically contain thousands of atoms and tens of thousands of valence electrons with discrete spectra at low excitation energies, similar to atoms and molecules, that converge to the continuum bulk limit at higher energies. Computational methods developed for molecules are limited to very small nanoclusters, and methods for bulk systems with periodic boundary conditions are not suitable due to the lack of translational symmetry in NCs. This perspective focuses on our recent efforts in developing a unified atomistic model based on the semiempirical pseudopotential approach, which is parameterized by first-principle calculations and validated against experimental measurements, to describe two of the main nonradiative relaxation processes of quantum confined excitons: exciton cooling and Auger recombination. We focus on the description of both electron-hole and exciton-phonon interactions in our approach and discuss the role of size, shape, and interfacing on the electronic properties and dynamics for II-VI and III-V semiconductor NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Jasrasaria
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Weinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John P Philbin
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Adhikari P, Wang P, Kobbekaduwa K, Xie C, Huai C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zheng H, Rao AM, Zeng H, Gao J. Generating and Capturing Secondary Hot Carriers in Monolayer Tungsten Dichalcogenides. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5703-5710. [PMID: 35713478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It remains challenging to capture and investigate the drift dynamics of primary hot carriers because of their ultrashort lifetime (∼200 fs). Here we report a new mechanism for secondary hot carrier (∼25 ps) generation in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides such as WS2 and WSe2, triggered by the Auger recombination of trions and biexcitons. Using ultrafast photocurrent spectroscopy, we measured and characterized the photocurrent stemming from the Auger recombination of trions and biexcitons in WS2 and WSe2. A mobility of 0.24 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a drift length of ∼3.8 nm were found for the secondary hot carriers in WS2. By leveraging interactions between exciton complexes, we envision a new mechanism for generating and controlling hot carriers, which could lead to efficient devices in photophysics, photochemistry, and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Adhikari
- Ultrafast Photophysics of Quantum Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Kanishka Kobbekaduwa
- Ultrafast Photophysics of Quantum Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Chendi Xie
- Ultrafast Photophysics of Quantum Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Chang Huai
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Femtosecond Laser Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Ultrafast Photophysics of Quantum Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Ultrafast Photophysics of Quantum Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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19
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Bashir K, Mehboob N, Ashraf M, Zaman A, Tirth V, Algahtani A, Ali A, Ali T, Mushtaq M, Althubeiti K. Effects of Vacuum and Air Annealing on Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Multilayer CdZnS Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12937-12946. [PMID: 35474789 PMCID: PMC9026001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer CdZnS (CZS) thin film was deposited on soda lime glass substrates. After deposition, the films were vacuum and air annealed at 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 and 400 °C for 1 h. Effects of vacuum and air annealing on structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of multilayer CZS films with increasing annealing temperature (IAT) were studied. The structural analysis revealed that the films were polycrystalline with hexagonal structure having a prominent/intensive peak along the (002) plane at 300 and 400 °C. The crystallite size of nanoparticles increased from 18.4 to 20.5 nm under air annealing and from 18.4 to 26.9 nm under vacuum annealing, showing the significance of annealing on nanoparticle grain growth. According to morphological analysis, the multilayer technique provides homogeneous film distribution over the substrate. The transmittance graphs of films revealed that it increased up to 92% in the visible and NIR regions under vacuum annealing and up to 52% under air annealing. Vacuum annealing enhanced the band gap energies more significantly than air annealing. The electrical resistivity increased with IAT, showing that structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the multilayer thin films of CZS were strongly dependent on vacuum and air annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bashir
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mehboob
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Optics
Laboratories, P.O. Box 1021, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abid Zaman
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, P.O.
Box No. 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, P.O.
Box No. 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Ali
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department
of Physics, Government Post Graduate College, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan
| | - Turab Ali
- National
Center for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Faculty
of Materials Science, Beijing University
of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Khaled Althubeiti
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Vazhappilly TJ, Han Y, Kilin DS, Micha DA. Electronic Relaxation of Photoexcited Open and Closed Shell Adsorbates on Semiconductors: Ag and Ag2 on TiO2. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:104705. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulun Han
- North Dakota State University, United States of America
| | | | - David A Micha
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics, University of Florida Quantum Theory Project, United States of America
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21
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Saha S, Yang J, Masouleh SSM, Botton G, Soleymani L. Hot hole direct photoelectrochemistry of Au NPs: Interband versus Intraband hot carriers. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Villamil Franco C, Trippé-Allard G, Mahler B, Cornaggia C, Lauret JS, Gustavsson T, Cassette E. Exciton Cooling in 2D Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Rationalized Carrier-Induced Stark and Phonon Bottleneck Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:393-399. [PMID: 34985898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA), we investigate the hot exciton relaxation dynamics in strongly confined lead iodide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs). The large quantum and dielectric confinement leads to discrete excitonic transitions and strong Stark features in the TA spectra. This prevents the use of conventional relaxation analysis methods extracting the carrier temperature or measuring the buildup of the band-edge bleaching. Instead, we show that the TA spectral line shape near the band-edge reflects the state of the system, which can be used to probe the exciton cooling dynamics. The ultrafast hot exciton relaxation in one- to three- monolayer-thick NPLs confirms the absence of intrinsic phonon bottleneck. However, excitation fluence-dependent measurements reveal a hot phonon bottleneck effect, which is found to be independent of the nature of the internal cations but strongly affected by the ligands and/or sample surface state. Together, these results suggest a role of the surface ligands in the cooling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villamil Franco
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Benoît Mahler
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (iLM),, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian Cornaggia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Gustavsson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elsa Cassette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), 91405 Orsay, France
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23
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Sprenkle RT, Silvestri LG, Murillo MS, Bergeson SD. Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 35013203 PMCID: PMC8748956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
New facilities such as the National Ignition Facility and the Linac Coherent Light Source have pushed the frontiers of high energy-density matter. These facilities offer unprecedented opportunities for exploring extreme states of matter, ranging from cryogenic solid-state systems to hot, dense plasmas, with applications to inertial-confinement fusion and astrophysics. However, significant gaps in our understanding of material properties in these rapidly evolving systems still persist. In particular, non-equilibrium transport properties of strongly-coupled Coulomb systems remain an open question. Here, we study ion-ion temperature relaxation in a binary mixture, exploiting a recently-developed dual-species ultracold neutral plasma. We compare measured relaxation rates with atomistic simulations and a range of popular theories. Our work validates the assumptions and capabilities of the simulations and invalidates theoretical models in this regime. This work illustrates an approach for precision determinations of detailed material properties in Coulomb mixtures across a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tucker Sprenkle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
- Honeywell Quantum Solutions, 303 S Technology Ct, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA
| | - L G Silvestri
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - S D Bergeson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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24
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Bizyaev I, Gabdullin P, Chumak M, Babyuk V, Davydov S, Osipov V, Kuznetsov A, Kvashenkina O, Arkhipov A. Low-Field Electron Emission Capability of Thin Films on Flat Silicon Substrates: Experiments with Mo and General Model for Refractory Metals and Carbon. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3350. [PMID: 34947699 PMCID: PMC8709470 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a study of the phenomenon of field-induced electron emission from thin films deposited on flat Si substrates. Films of Mo with an effective thickness of 6-10 nm showed room-temperature low-field emissivity; a 100 nA current was extracted at macroscopic field magnitudes as low as 1.4-3.7 V/μm. This result was achieved after formation treatment of the samples by combined action of elevated temperatures (100-600 °C) and the electric field. Morphology of the films was assessed by AFM, SEM, and STM/STS methods before and after the emission tests. The images showed that forming treatment and emission experiments resulted in the appearance of numerous defects at the initially continuous and smooth films; in some regions, the Mo layer was found to consist of separate nanosized islets. Film structure reconstruction (dewetting) was apparently induced by emission-related factors, such as local heating and/or ion irradiation. These results were compared with our previous data obtained in experiments with carbon islet films of similar average thickness deposited onto identical substrates. On this basis, we suggest a novel model of emission mechanism that might be common for thin films of carbon and refractory metals. The model combines elements of the well-known patch field, multiple barriers, and thermoelectric models of low-macroscopic-field electron emission from electrically nanostructured heterogeneous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bizyaev
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
| | - Pavel Gabdullin
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
| | - Maxim Chumak
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
| | - Vladislav Babyuk
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
| | - Sergey Davydov
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
| | - Vasilii Osipov
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Alexey Kuznetsov
- Nanotechnology Research and Education Centre RAS, Alferov St. Petersburg National Research Academic University, Khlopin St. 8/1, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Olga Kvashenkina
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
| | - Alexander Arkhipov
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.); (P.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (S.D.); (V.O.); (O.K.)
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25
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Sun J, Pang K, Liu TF, Song J, Cao R. Near-infrared photothermal performance of a metal-organic framework-based composite. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17499-17505. [PMID: 34812820 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02853g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The construction of heterostructures is a universal method to hinder the radiative recombination of hot electrons and hot holes, which can effectively enhance the photothermal effect of semiconductors. In this work, a one-pot method was employed to prepare a composite named Bi2Se3@ZIF-8 NPs, which incredibly increased the photothermal conversion efficiency of Bi2Se3 NPs. The temperature elevation of Bi2Se3@ZIF-8 NPs was almost double that of the Bi2Se3 NPs; specifically, the temperature of the irradiated Bi2Se3@ZIF-8 NPs was strikingly increased to 130 °C within 6 seconds, and finally stabilized at 165 °C. Furthermore, the photothermal conversion ability was maintained over multiple irradiation cycles, which endows this composite with great potential to be an excellent photothermal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002
| | - Kuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002
| | - Tian-Fu Liu
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116
| | - Rong Cao
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002
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Sung YM, Kim TG, Yun DJ, Lim M, Ko DS, Jung C, Won N, Park S, Jeon WS, Lee HS, Kim JH, Jun S, Sul S, Hwang S. Increasing the Energy Gap between Band-Edge and Trap States Slows Down Picosecond Carrier Trapping in Highly Luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102792. [PMID: 34636144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-toxic InP-based nanocrystals have been developed for promising candidates for commercial optoelectronic applications and they still require further improvement on photophysical properties, compared to Cd-based quantum dots (QDs), for better device efficiency and long-term stability. It is, therefore, essential to understand the precise mechanism of carrier trapping even in the state-of-the-art InP-based QD with near-unity luminescence. Here, it is shown that using time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of systematically size-controlled InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with the quantum yield close to one, carrier trapping decreases with increasing the energy difference between band-edge and trap states, indicating that the process follows the energy gap law, well known in molecular photochemistry for nonradiative internal conversion between two electronic states. Similar to the molecular view of the energy gap law, it is found that the energy gap between the band-edge and trap states is closely associated with ZnSe phonons that assist carrier trapping into defects in highly luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs. These findings represent a striking departure from the generally accepted view of carrier trapping mechanism in QDs in the Marcus normal region, providing a step forward understanding how excitons in nanocrystals interact with traps, and offering valuable guidance for making highly efficient and stable InP-based QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mo Sung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gon Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihye Lim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Ko
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Jeon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sug Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Jun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohwan Sul
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
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Jasrasaria D, Rabani E. Interplay of Surface and Interior Modes in Exciton-Phonon Coupling at the Nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8741-8748. [PMID: 34609148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-phonon coupling (EXPC) plays a key role in the optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), but a microscopic picture of EXPC is still lacking, particularly regarding the magnitude and scaling with NC size, the dependence on phonon frequency, and the role of the NC surface. The computational complexity associated with accurately describing excitons and phonons has limited previous theoretical studies of EXPC to small NCs, noninteracting electron-hole models, and/or a small number of phonon modes. Here, we develop an atomistic approach for describing EXPC in NCs of experimentally relevant sizes. We validate our approach by calculating the reorganization energies, a measure of EXPC, for CdSe and CdSe-CdS core-shell NCs, finding good agreement with experimental measurements. We demonstrate that exciton formation distorts the NC lattice primarily along the coordinates of low-frequency acoustic modes. Modes at the NC surface play a significant role in smaller NCs while interior modes dominate for larger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Jasrasaria
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Thomas B, Jose ET, Chacko JK, Divya KV. Green Light Emitting Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles with Coral Surface Morphology. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahmed I, Shi L, Pasanen H, Vivo P, Maity P, Hatamvand M, Zhan Y. There is plenty of room at the top: generation of hot charge carriers and their applications in perovskite and other semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:174. [PMID: 34465725 PMCID: PMC8408272 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot charge carriers (HC) are photoexcited electrons and holes that exist in nonequilibrium high-energy states of photoactive materials. Prolonged cooling time and rapid extraction are the current challenges for the development of future innovative HC-based optoelectronic devices, such as HC solar cells (HCSCs), hot energy transistors (HETs), HC photocatalytic reactors, and lasing devices. Based on a thorough analysis of the basic mechanisms of HC generation, thermalization, and cooling dynamics, this review outlines the various possible strategies to delay the HC cooling as well as to speed up their extraction. Various materials with slow cooling behavior, including perovskites and other semiconductors, are thoroughly presented. In addition, the opportunities for the generation of plasmon-induced HC through surface plasmon resonance and their technological applications in hybrid nanostructures are discussed in detail. By judiciously designing the plasmonic nanostructures, the light coupling into the photoactive layer and its optical absorption can be greatly enhanced as well as the successful conversion of incident photons to HC with tunable energies can also be realized. Finally, the future outlook of HC in optoelectronics is highlighted which will provide great insight to the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Centre of Micro-Nano System, SIST, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Physics, Government Postgraduate College, (Higher Education Department-HED) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, Mansehra, Pakistan.
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannu Pasanen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paola Vivo
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Partha Maity
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hatamvand
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Centre of Micro-Nano System, SIST, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Centre of Micro-Nano System, SIST, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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Marri I, Ossicini S. Multiple exciton generation in isolated and interacting silicon nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12119-12142. [PMID: 34250528 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of renewable energy is the development of novel nanostructured solar cell devices which implement low-dimensional materials to overcome the limits of traditional photovoltaic systems. For optimal energy conversion in photovoltaic devices, one important requirement is that the full energy of the solar spectrum is effectively used. In this context, the possibility of exploiting features and functionalities induced by the reduced dimensionality of the nanocrystalline phase, in particular by the quantum confinement of the electronic density, can lead to a better use of the carrier excess energy and thus to an increment of the thermodynamic conversion efficiency of the system. Carrier multiplication, i.e. the generation of multiple electron-hole pairs after absorption of one single high-energy photon (with energy at least twice the energy gap of the system), can be exploited to maximize cell performance, promoting a net reduction of loss mechanisms. Over the past fifteen years, carrier multiplication has been recorded in a large variety of semiconductor nanocrystals and other nanostructures. Owing to the role of silicon in solar cell applications, the mission of this review is to summarize the progress in this fascinating research field considering carrier multiplication in Si-based low-dimensional systems, in particular Si nanocrystals, both from the experimental and theoretical point of view, with special attention given to the results obtained by ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marri
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Caillas A, Suffit S, Filloux P, Lhuillier E, Degiron A. Identification of Two Regimes of Carrier Thermalization in PbS Nanocrystal Assemblies. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5123-5131. [PMID: 34029086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We bring fresh insight into the ensemble properties of PbS colloidal quantum dots with a critical review of the literature on semiconductors followed by systematic comparisons between steady-state photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements. Our experiments, performed with sufficiently low powers to neglect nonlinear effects, indicate that the photoluminescence spectra have no other noticeable contribution beside the radiative recombination of thermalized photocarriers (i.e., photocarriers in thermodynamic quasi-equilibrium). A phenomenological model based on the local Kirchhoff law is proposed that makes it possible to identify the nature of the thermalized photocarriers and to extract their temperatures from the measurements. Two regimes are observed: For highly compact assemblies of PbS quantum dots stripped from organic ligands, the thermalization concerns photocarriers distributed over a wide energy range. With PbS quantum dots cross-linked with 1,2-ethanedithiol or longer organic ligand chains, the thermalization concerns solely the fundamental exciton and can quantitatively explain all the observations, including the precise Stokes shift between the absorbance and luminescence maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Caillas
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Stéphan Suffit
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Filloux
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Aloyse Degiron
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75205 Paris, France
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Kambhampati P. Nanoparticles, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots: What are the Implications of Size in Colloidal Nanoscale Materials? J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4769-4779. [PMID: 33984241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoparticles (NP) or nanocrystals (NC) have been investigated for many decades, with particular acceleration in interest upon the discovery of quantum confinement effects thereby yielding quantum dots (QD) from certain well-grown NC. The term NP is commonly used in the case of metal and wide gap semiconductor nanocrystals. The term NC is commonly used in semiconductor nanocrystals, whether covalent II-VI or ionic perovskites, that are colloidally grown. The term QD applies to select semiconductor nanocrystals for whom their size is on the order of the excitonic Bohr radius. In the case of colloidal particles on the nanometer length scale, these terms are often used carelessly and interchangeably. The words have specific meaning in relationship to specific physical effects which give rise to specific key processes that can be measured. Here, we provide a Perspective on the ways in which size confers function across different families of NP. In this way, we aim to find ways to identify their similarities and differences by providing the correct semantics for discussion of the salient processes.
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Wei Q, Yin J, Bakr OM, Wang Z, Wang C, Mohammed OF, Li M, Xing G. Effect of Zinc‐Doping on the Reduction of the Hot‐Carrier Cooling Rate in Halide Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Macao SAR 999078 China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chenhao Wang
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Macao SAR 999078 China
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34
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Wei Q, Yin J, Bakr OM, Wang Z, Wang C, Mohammed OF, Li M, Xing G. Effect of Zinc-Doping on the Reduction of the Hot-Carrier Cooling Rate in Halide Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10957-10963. [PMID: 33629387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The fast hot-carrier cooling process in the solar-absorbers fundamentally limits their photon-conversion efficiencies. It is highly desirable to develop a solar absorber with long-lived hot-carriers at sun-illumination intensity, which can be used to develop the hot-carrier solar cells with enhanced efficiency. Herein, we reveal that zinc-doped (0.34 %) halide perovskites have the slower hot-carrier cooling compared with the pristine sample through the transient absorption spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations. The hot-carrier energy loss rate at the low photoexcitation level of 1017 cm-3 is found to be ≈3 times smaller than that of un-doped perovskites for T=500 K hot carriers, and up to ten times when the hot-carrier temperature approaches the lattice temperature. The incorporation of zinc-dopant into perovskites can reduce the nonadiabatic couplings between conduction bands, which retards the photogenerated hot-carriers relaxation processes. Our findings present a practical strategy to slow down the hot-carrier cooling in perovskites at low carrier densities, which would be invaluable for the further development of practical hot-carrier photovoltaics based on perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chenhao Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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Scheibinger R, Lüpken NM, Chemnitz M, Schaarschmidt K, Kobelke J, Fallnich C, Schmidt MA. Higher-order mode supercontinuum generation in dispersion-engineered liquid-core fibers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5270. [PMID: 33674632 PMCID: PMC7935952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercontinuum generation enabled a series of key technologies such as frequency comb sources, ultrashort pulse sources in the ultraviolet or the mid-infrared, as well as broadband light sources for spectroscopic methods in biophotonics. Recent advances utilizing higher-order modes have shown the potential to boost both bandwidth and modal output distribution of supercontinuum sources. However, the strive towards a breakthrough technology is hampered by the limited control over the intra- and intermodal nonlinear processes in the highly multi-modal silica fibers commonly used. Here, we investigate the ultrafast nonlinear dynamics of soliton-based supercontinuum generation and the associated mode coupling within the first three lowest-order modes of accurately dispersion-engineered liquid-core fibers. By measuring the energy-spectral evolutions and the spatial distributions of the various generated spectral features polarization-resolved, soliton fission and dispersive wave formation are identified as the origins of the nonlinear broadening. Measured results are confirmed by nonlinear simulations taking advantage of the accurate modeling capabilities of the ideal step-index geometry of our liquid-core platform. While operating in the telecommunications domain, our study allows further advances in nonlinear switching in emerging higher-order mode fiber networks as well as novel insights into the sophisticated nonlinear dynamics and broadband light generation in pre-selected polarization states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Scheibinger
- grid.418907.30000 0004 0563 7158Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas M. Lüpken
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Chemnitz
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Kay Schaarschmidt
- grid.418907.30000 0004 0563 7158Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Kobelke
- grid.418907.30000 0004 0563 7158Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Fallnich
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany ,grid.6214.10000 0004 0399 8953MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Markus A. Schmidt
- grid.418907.30000 0004 0563 7158Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Otto Schott Institute of Material Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
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36
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Wang W, Sui N, Kang Z, Zhou Q, Li L, Chi X, Zhang H, He X, Zhao B, Wang Y. Cooling and diffusion characteristics of a hot carrier in the monolayer WS 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:7736-7745. [PMID: 33726269 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of a hot carrier distributed in the C excitonic state of the monolayer WS2 is investigated by exploiting the transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The hot carrier cooling lifetime gradually prolongs from 0.58 ps to 2.68 ps with the absorbed photon flux owing to the hot phonon bottleneck effect, as the excitation photon energy is 2.03 eV. Meanwhile, the normalized TA spectra shows that the spectral feature of hot carriers is different from that of normal carriers. Based on the modified Lennard-Jones model, the average distance among hot carriers can be estimated according to the peak shift of TA spectra and the diffusion velocity can also be calculated simultaneously. The hot carrier limits the diffusion of the photo-generated carrier at the initial several picoseconds. These results help people to elucidate the hot carrier dynamics in 2D TMDCs and give guidance on the designing and optimizing the TMDC-based electronic devices of high performance.
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Banin U, Waiskopf N, Hammarström L, Boschloo G, Freitag M, Johansson EMJ, Sá J, Tian H, Johnston MB, Herz LM, Milot RL, Kanatzidis MG, Ke W, Spanopoulos I, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Lewis N, Meyer T, Nozik AJ, Beard MC, Armstrong F, Megarity CF, Schmuttenmaer CA, Batista VS, Brudvig GW. Nanotechnology for catalysis and solar energy conversion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:042003. [PMID: 33155576 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbce8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This roadmap on Nanotechnology for Catalysis and Solar Energy Conversion focuses on the application of nanotechnology in addressing the current challenges of energy conversion: 'high efficiency, stability, safety, and the potential for low-cost/scalable manufacturing' to quote from the contributed article by Nathan Lewis. This roadmap focuses on solar-to-fuel conversion, solar water splitting, solar photovoltaics and bio-catalysis. It includes dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells, and organic photovoltaics. Smart engineering of colloidal quantum materials and nanostructured electrodes will improve solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, as described in the articles by Waiskopf and Banin and Meyer. Semiconductor nanoparticles will also improve solar energy conversion efficiency, as discussed by Boschloo et al in their article on DSSCs. Perovskite solar cells have advanced rapidly in recent years, including new ideas on 2D and 3D hybrid halide perovskites, as described by Spanopoulos et al 'Next generation' solar cells using multiple exciton generation (MEG) from hot carriers, described in the article by Nozik and Beard, could lead to remarkable improvement in photovoltaic efficiency by using quantization effects in semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, wires or wells). These challenges will not be met without simultaneous improvement in nanoscale characterization methods. Terahertz spectroscopy, discussed in the article by Milot et al is one example of a method that is overcoming the difficulties associated with nanoscale materials characterization by avoiding electrical contacts to nanoparticles, allowing characterization during device operation, and enabling characterization of a single nanoparticle. Besides experimental advances, computational science is also meeting the challenges of nanomaterials synthesis. The article by Kohlstedt and Schatz discusses the computational frameworks being used to predict structure-property relationships in materials and devices, including machine learning methods, with an emphasis on organic photovoltaics. The contribution by Megarity and Armstrong presents the 'electrochemical leaf' for improvements in electrochemistry and beyond. In addition, biohybrid approaches can take advantage of efficient and specific enzyme catalysts. These articles present the nanoscience and technology at the forefront of renewable energy development that will have significant benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - N Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - L Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Freitag
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Sá
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - W Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - I Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - K L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - G C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - N Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Beckman Institute, 210 Noyes Laboratory, 127-72 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - T Meyer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - A J Nozik
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States of America
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Department of Chemistry, 80309, United States of America
| | - M C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States of America
| | - F Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C F Megarity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
| | - V S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
| | - G W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06520-8107, United States of America
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Spin blockade and phonon bottleneck for hot electron relaxation observed in n-doped colloidal quantum dots. Nat Commun 2021; 12:550. [PMID: 33483503 PMCID: PMC7822822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and manipulating hot electron dynamics in semiconductors may enable disruptive energy conversion schemes. Hot electrons in bulk semiconductors usually relax via electron-phonon scattering on a sub-picosecond timescale. Quantum-confined semiconductors such as quantum dots offer a unique platform to prolong hot electron lifetime through their size-tunable electronic structures. Here, we study hot electron relaxation in electron-doped (n-doped) colloidal CdSe quantum dots. For lightly-doped dots we observe a slow 1Pe hot electron relaxation (~10 picosecond) resulting from a Pauli spin blockade of the preoccupying 1Se electron. For heavily-doped dots, a large number of electrons residing in the surface states introduce picosecond Auger recombination which annihilates the valance band hole, allowing us to observe 300-picosecond-long hot electrons as a manifestation of a phonon bottleneck effect. This brings the hot electron energy loss rate to a level of sub-meV per picosecond from a usual level of 1 eV per picosecond. These results offer exciting opportunities of hot electron harvesting by exploiting carrier-carrier, carrier-phonon and spin-spin interactions in doped quantum dots. Hot electrons in bulk semiconductors usually relax via electron-phonon scattering on a sub-picosecond timescale. Here, the authors observe hot electron lifetime as long as 320 picoseconds by performing a photochemical reduction reaction on colloidal quantum dots.
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Yu B, Chen L, Qu Z, Zhang C, Qin Z, Wang X, Xiao M. Size-Dependent Hot Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite Nanocrystals Revealed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:238-244. [PMID: 33326243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The lifetimes of hot carriers have been predicted to be prolonged in small nanocrystals with an inter-level spacing larger than phonon energy. Nevertheless, whether such a phonon bottleneck is present in perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals remains highly controversial. Here we report compelling evidence of a phonon bottleneck in CsPbI3 nanocrystals with marked size-dependent relaxation of hot carriers by using broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). By combining high resolutions in both the time (<10 fs) and excitation energy domains, 2DES allows the clear disentanglement of the thermalization and cooling processes. The lifetime is over doubled for hot carriers when the average edge length of the nanocrystals decreases from 8.2 nm down to 4.6 nm. The confirmation of the phonon bottleneck effect suggests the feasibility of controlling hot carrier dynamics in perovskite semiconductors with nanocrystal size for potential applications of hot carrier devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengkang Qu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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40
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Chi Z, Zhang X, Wen X, Han J, Wei Z, Du L, Lai J, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhao Q, Chen H, Ajayan PM, Weng YX. Determining Quasiparticle Bandgap of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Observation of Hot Carrier Relaxation Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:585-591. [PMID: 33382603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using excitation-energy-scanning ultrafast infrared microspectroscopy, the excess energy-dependent hot carrier relaxation dynamics in atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) after femtosecond photoexcitation was directly monitored. A good linear relationship between the carrier relaxation time and the excitation wavelength is observed for all measured monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) TMD samples, which allows us to determine their quasiparticle bandgaps as well as corresponding exciton binding energies. A carrier-optical-phonon scattering-mediated cascading-relaxation model is proposed, which can perfectly describe all the measured dynamics. As a consequence, the quasiparticle bandgaps of ML MoSe2, ML MoS2, BL MoSe2, and BL WSe2 are determined to be 2.07, 2.11, 1.67, and 1.81 eV, respectively. Our work reveals a general picture for the hot carrier relaxation dynamics in atomically thin TMDs and offers an effective experimental approach in probing the bandgaps of TMDs under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chi
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center for Quantum Technology Research, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Xiewen Wen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Junfeng Han
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Micronano Center, Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiawei Lai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Xiangzhuo Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Micronano Center, Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Center for Quantum Technology Research, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Yu-Xiang Weng
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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41
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Exciton-Photon Interactions in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Radiative Transitions, Non-Radiative Processes and Environment Effects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss several fundamental processes taking place in semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots (QDs)) when their electron subsystem interacts with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The physical phenomena of light emission and EM energy transfer from a QD exciton to other electronic systems such as neighbouring nanocrystals and polarisable 3D (semi-infinite dielectric or metal) and 2D (graphene) materials are considered. In particular, emission decay and FRET rates near a plane interface between two dielectrics or a dielectric and a metal are discussed and their dependence upon relevant parameters is demonstrated. The cases of direct (II–VI) and indirect (silicon) band gap semiconductors are compared. We cover the relevant non-radiative mechanisms such as the Auger process, electron capture on dangling bonds and interaction with phonons. Some further effects, such as multiple exciton generation, are also discussed. The emphasis is on explaining the underlying physics and illustrating it with calculated and experimental results in a comprehensive, tutorial manner.
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42
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Irgen-Gioro S, Yang M, Padgaonkar S, Chang WJ, Zhang Z, Nagasing B, Jiang Y, Weiss EA. Charge and energy transfer in the context of colloidal nanocrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0033263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Irgen-Gioro
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Muwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Woo Je Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Benjamin Nagasing
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Yishu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Emily A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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43
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Handa T, Yamada T, Nagai M, Kanemitsu Y. Phonon, thermal, and thermo-optical properties of halide perovskites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26069-26087. [PMID: 33174887 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are semiconductors with many fascinating characteristics and their widespread use in optoelectronic devices has been expected. High-quality thin films and single crystals can be fabricated by simple chemical solution processes and their fundamental electrical, optical, and thermal properties can be changed significantly by compositional substitution, in particular halogen ions. In this perspective, we provide an overview of phonon and thermal properties of metal halide perovskites, which play a decisive role in determining device performance. After a brief introduction to fundamental material properties, longitudinal-optical phonons and unusual thermal properties of metal halide perovskites are discussed. Remarkably, they possess very low thermal conductivities and very large thermal expansion coefficients despite their crystalline nature. In line with these discussions, we present optical properties governed by the strong electron-phonon interactions and the unusual thermal properties. By showing their unique thermo-optic responses and novel application examples, we highlight some aspects of the unusual thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Handa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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44
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Li B, Cheng Y, Zheng R, Wu X, Qi F, Wu Y, Hu Y, Li X. Improving the photothermal therapy efficacy and preventing the surface oxidation of bismuth nanoparticles through the formation of a bismuth@bismuth selenide heterostructure. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8803-8808. [PMID: 32857100 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00825g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as promising photothermal agents for computed tomography imaging-guided photothermal therapy. However, it is challenging to improve their photothermal conversion efficacy and prevent their oxidation. Herein, Bi@bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) core@shell NPs were designed and fabricated for improving the photothermal performance due to the staggered energy levels between Bi and Bi2Se3. With near-infrared light irradiation, both the materials could be excited to generate hot carriers due to their extremely narrow bandgaps. The hot electrons would transfer to the conduction band of Bi2Se3 and the hot holes to the valence band of Bi, leading to the effective separation of hot carriers. Then, these hot electrons and holes would recombine nonradiatively at the interface of Bi and Bi2Se3 and produce more phonons, resulting in an enhanced photothermal conversion efficacy. Moreover, the presence of Bi2Se3 on the surface of Bi NPs could prevent Bi from surface oxidation due to the higher stability of Bi2Se3. In fact, Bi@Bi2Se3 NPs showed excellent biocompatibility and photothermal therapeutic efficacy against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Runxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Qi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Yunyun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China. and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Yaqing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
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45
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Charge Carrier Relaxation in Colloidal FAPbI 3 Nanostructures Using Global Analysis. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101897. [PMID: 32977504 PMCID: PMC7598295 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the hot charge carrier relaxation process in weakly confined hybrid lead iodide perovskite colloidal nanostructures, FAPbI3 (FA = formaminidium), using femtosecond transient absorption (TA). We compare the conventional analysis method based on the extraction of the carrier temperature (Tc) by fitting the high-energy tail of the band-edge bleach with a global analysis method modeling the continuous evolution of the spectral lineshape in time using a simple sequential kinetic model. This practical approach results in a more accurate way to determine the charge carrier relaxation dynamics. At high excitation fluence (density of charge carriers above 1018 cm−3), the cooling time increases up to almost 1 ps in thick nanoplates (NPs) and cubic nanocrystals (NCs), indicating the hot phonon bottleneck effect. Furthermore, Auger heating resulting from the multi-charge carrier recombination process slows down the relaxation even further to tens and hundreds of picoseconds. These two processes could only be well disentangled by analyzing simultaneously the spectral lineshape and amplitude evolution.
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46
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Sheng H, Zhu Y, Bai D, Wu X, Wang J. Thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional magnet CrI 3. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:315713. [PMID: 32311678 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8b0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric, phonon transport, and electronic transport properties of two-dimensional magnet CrI3 are systematically investigated by combining density functional theory with Boltzmann transport theory. A low lattice thermal conductivity of 1.355 W m-1K-1 is presented at 300 K due to the low Debye temperature and phonon group velocity. The acoustic modes dominate the lattice thermal conductivity, and the longitudinal acoustic mode has the largest contribution of 42.31% on account of its relatively large phonon group velocity and phonon lifetime. The high band degeneracy and the peaky density of states near the conduction band minimum appear for the CrI3 monolayer, which is beneficial for forming a significantly increased Seebeck coefficient (1561 μV K-1). Furthermore, the thermoelectric figure of merit is calculated reasonably, and the value is 1.57 for the optimal n-type doping level at 900 K. N-type doping maintains a higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency than p-type doping throughout the temperature range, while the difference gradually increases as the temperature rises. Our investigation may provide some theoretical support for the application of the CrI3 monolayer in the thermoelectric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sheng
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
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47
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Hopper TR, Gorodetsky A, Jeong A, Krieg F, Bodnarchuk MI, Maimaris M, Chaplain M, Macdonald TJ, Huang X, Lovrincic R, Kovalenko MV, Bakulin AA. Hot Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite Nanocrystal Solids: Role of the Cold Carriers, Nanoconfinement, and the Surface. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2271-2278. [PMID: 32142303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carrier cooling is of widespread interest in the field of semiconductor science. It is linked to carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon coupling and has profound implications for the photovoltaic performance of materials. Recent transient optical studies have shown that a high carrier density in lead-halide perovskites (LHPs) can reduce the cooling rate through a "phonon bottleneck". However, the role of carrier-carrier interactions, and the material properties that control cooling in LHPs, is still disputed. To address these factors, we utilize ultrafast "pump-push-probe" spectroscopy on LHP nanocrystal (NC) films. We find that the addition of cold carriers to LHP NCs increases the cooling rate, competing with the phonon bottleneck. By comparing different NCs and bulk samples, we deduce that the cooling behavior is intrinsic to the LHP composition and independent of the NC size or surface. This can be contrasted with other colloidal nanomaterials, where confinement and trapping considerably influence the cooling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ahhyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marios Maimaris
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Chaplain
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaokun Huang
- Institute for High-Frequency Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- Institute for High-Frequency Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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48
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Zhang Y, Wu G, Liu F, Ding C, Zou Z, Shen Q. Photoexcited carrier dynamics in colloidal quantum dot solar cells: insights into individual quantum dots, quantum dot solid films and devices. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:49-84. [PMID: 31825404 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) record of colloidal quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) has considerably improved from below 4% to 16.6% in the last few years. However, the record PCE value of QDSCs is still substantially lower than the theoretical efficiency. So far, there have been several reviews on recent and significant achievements in QDSCs, but reviews on photoexcited carrier dynamics in QDSCs are scarce. The photovoltaic performances of QDSCs are still limited by the photovoltage, photocurrent and fill factor that are mainly determined by the photoexcited carrier dynamics, including carrier (or exciton) generation, carrier extraction or transfer, and the carrier recombination process, in the devices. In this review, the photoexcited carrier dynamics in the whole QDSCs, originating from individual quantum dots (QDs) to the entire device as well as the characterization methods used for analyzing the photoexcited carrier dynamics are summarized and discussed. The recent research including photoexcited multiple exciton generation (MEG), hot electron extraction, and carrier transfer between adjacent QDs, as well as carrier injection and recombination at each interface of QDSCs are discussed in detail herein. The influence of photoexcited carrier dynamics on the physiochemical properties of QDs and photovoltaic performances of QDSC devices is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohong Zhang
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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49
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Manousakis E. Optimizing the role of impact ionization in conventional insulators. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20395. [PMID: 31892736 PMCID: PMC6938508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanism for multiple carrier generation through impact ionization (IA) proposed earlier for bulk systems of strongly correlated insulators is generalized to the case of conventional insulators that contain localized bands a few eV above and below the highest occupied band. Specifically, we study the case of hybridization of localized orbitals with more dispersive bands near the Fermi level, where the generated multiple carriers, which ultimately decay to the edges of the dispersive bands by means of IA processes, acquire lighter mass and this could allow their more efficient separation before recombination. We argue that this may be applicable to the case of halide perovskites and it could be one of the reasons for their observed photovoltaic efficiency. We discuss the criteria one should use to uncover the appropriate material in order to harvest the optimum effect of IA for the spectrum of the solar photon energy distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Manousakis
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4350, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografos, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
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50
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Wang Y, Zhang F, Lin H, Qu F. Biodegradable Hollow MoSe 2/Fe 3O 4 Nanospheres as the Photodynamic Therapy-Enhanced Agent for Multimode CT/MR/IR Imaging and Synergistic Antitumor Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43964-43975. [PMID: 31664811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as one of the most effective cancer treatment strategies because of its minimally invasive and high efficiency. On account of the correlation between PDT and photocatalytic oxidation, the hollow MoSe2/Fe3O4 (MF-2) nanoheterostructure was constructed to enhance PDT as shown in this paper. The size and the hollow structure can be well controlled by the addition of F-127. MoSe2/Fe3O4 reveals the twofold reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in contrast to the pure MoSe2, which is ascribed to the effective separation of photogenic charges. The novel hollow structure also supplies a lot of cavities for perfluorocarbon (PFC) and O2 loading, and O2@PFC@MF-2 can effectively overcome the hypoxic microenvironment to further cause more than 3 times ROS production. Moreover, the narrow band gap and hollow structure also make sure that the strong near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency is as high as 66.2%. Furthermore, the combination of Fe3O4 can further accelerate the effective biodegradation capacity of MF-2 because of the repeated endogenous redox reaction to form water-soluble MoVI-oxide species. Meanwhile, doxorubicin (Dox, anticancer drug) was assembled onto the MF-2@PEG nanomaterials through π-π staking and electrostatic interaction for chemotherapy. O2@PFC@MF-2@PEG/Dox possesses the potential application in triple-model computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and infrared (CT/MR/IR) imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy (PTT/PDT/chemotherapy) nanodiagnosis platforms.
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