1
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Rajak K, Tiwari AK. Jahn-Teller and pseudo-Jahn-Teller effects on the vibronic structure of the photoionized spectrum of cyanopropyne. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:144303. [PMID: 39377327 DOI: 10.1063/5.0224103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics are carried out to illustrate the photoionized spectrum of the cyanopropyne (CH3-C≡C-C≡N) as reported in recent experimental measurements [Lamarre et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 315, 206 (2015)]. A detailed electronic structure calculation is performed to analyze the topographical details of the first five ionized states, of which three are degenerate states (X̃2E, B̃2E, and C̃2E) and two are non-degenerate states (Ã2A1 and D̃2A1). The degenerate E states of the C3V symmetry molecule are prone to Jahn-Teller (JT) instability, and in addition, symmetry allowed A1 - E vibronic coupling, i.e., pseudo-Jahn-Teller (PJT), effects are expected to have a significant impact in the detailed vibronic structure of these electronic states. The JT splittings of X̃2E and B̃2E degenerate states are small, whereas it is quite large at three high frequencies in the C̃2E electronic states. The large energy separation of X̃2E from the other states and the non-zero PJT coupling of the B̃2E state with the close-lying Ã2A1 state indicate the uncoupled nature of the X̃, Ã, and B̃ vibronic bands of C4H3N. The intersection minima of B̃ and C̃ states with the D̃ state nearly coincide with the energetic minimum of D̃ state. Therefore, the PJT couplings among these states will lead to a strong vibronic interaction to shape the respective band structure. To completely understand the JT and PJT interactions in the photoionized spectrum of C4H3N, the vibronic coupling model Hamiltonian was constructed to perform nuclear dynamics studies for these electronic states. The vibrational progressions in each vibronic band are identified and compared with the available experimental data in the literature. The impacts of JT and PJT effects in the first five ionized states of cyanopropyne are investigated and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunamoy Rajak
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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2
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Lang H, Sato T. Time-dependent orbital-optimized coupled-cluster methods families for fermion-mixtures dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:114114. [PMID: 39291685 DOI: 10.1063/5.0227236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Five time-dependent orbital optimized coupled-cluster methods, of which four can converge to the time-dependent complete active space self-consistent-field method, are presented for fermion-mixtures with arbitrary fermion kinds and numbers. Truncation schemes maintaining the intragroup orbital rotation invariance, as well as equations of motion of coupled-cluster (CC) amplitudes and orbitals, are derived. Present methods are compact CC-parameterization alternatives to the time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method for systems consisting of arbitrarily different kinds and numbers of interacting fermions. Theoretical analysis of applications of present methods to various chemical systems is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Institute for Photon Science and Laser Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Rani VJ, Kanakati AK, Mahapatra S. Photoionization of aziridine: Nonadiabatic dynamics of the first six low-lying electronic states of the aziridine radical cation. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:094302. [PMID: 39225522 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this article, the theoretical photoionization spectroscopy of the aziridine (C2H5N) molecule is investigated. To start with, we have optimized the geometry of this molecule at the neutral electronic ground state at the density functional theory/augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence triple zeta level of theory using the G09 program. The electronic structure calculations were restricted to the first six low-lying electronic states in order to account for the experimental photoelectron spectrum of the C2H5N molecule. The first six low-lying electronic states (X̃2A', Ã2A', B̃2A″, C̃2A″, D̃2A', and Ẽ2A') of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) are calculated by both equation of motion-ionization potential-coupled cluster singles and doubles and multi-configuration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory ab initio quantum chemistry methods along the dimensionless normal displacement coordinates in which multiple conical intersections were established among the considered electronic states. A (6 × 6) model vibronic Hamiltonian is constructed on a diabatic electronic basis, using the symmetry selection rules and Taylor series expansion. The Cs symmetry point group of the aziridine molecule leads to electronic states symmetry of either A' or A″, and these states are close in energy, due to which the same symmetry electronic states avoid each other. To get a smooth diabatic PES, a fourfold diabatization scheme is used, which is implemented in the General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure Systems suite of programs. All the parameters used in the diabatic vibronic coupling model Hamiltonian are calculated in terms of the normal modes of vibrational coordinates. Finally, the vibronic model Hamiltonian constructed for the coupled six electronic states is used to solve both time-independent and time-dependent Schrödinger equations using the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree program module to obtain the dynamical observables. The theoretical vibronic band structure is found to be in good accord with the available experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Mahapatra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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4
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Freibert A, Mendive-Tapia D, Vendrell O, Huse N. A fully dynamical description of time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of pyrazine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22572-22581. [PMID: 39150720 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00914b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in ultrashort and intense X-ray sources have enabled the utilisation of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) as a probing technique for monitoring photoinduced dynamics in molecular systems. To account for dynamic phenomena like non-adiabatic transitions across the relevant electronic state manifold, a time-dependent framework is crucial. Here, we introduce a fully time-dependent approach for calculating transient RIXS spectra using wavepacket dynamics simulations, alongside an explicit treatment of the X-ray probe pulse that surpasses Kramers-Heisenberg-Dirac constraints. Our analysis of pyrazine at the nitrogen K-edge underscores the importance of considering nuclear motion effects in all electronic states involved in the transient RIXS process. As a result, we propose a numerically exact approach to computationally support and predict cutting-edge time-resolved RIXS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Freibert
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| | - David Mendive-Tapia
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| | - Nils Huse
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
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5
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Kim P, Roy S, Valentine AJS, Liu X, Kromer S, Kim TW, Li X, Castellano FN, Chen LX. Real-time capture of nuclear motions influencing photoinduced electron transfer. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc01876a. [PMID: 39184296 PMCID: PMC11339639 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although vibronic coupling phenomena have been recognized in the excite state dynamics of transition metal complexes, its impact on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) remains largely unexplored. This study investigates coherent wavepacket (CWP) dynamics during PET processes in a covalently linked electron donor-acceptor complex featuring a cyclometalated Pt(ii) dimer as the donor and naphthalene diimide (NDI) as the acceptors. Upon photoexciting the Pt(ii) dimer electron donor, ultrafast broadband transient absorption spectroscopy revealed direct modulation of NDI radical anion formation through certain CWP motions and correlated temporal evolutions of the amplitudes for these CWPs with the NDI radical anion formation. These results provide clear evidence that the CWP motions are the vibronic coherences coupled to the PET reaction coordinates. Normal mode analysis identified that the CWP motions originate from vibrational modes associated with the dihedral angles and bond lengths between the planes of the cyclometalating ligand and the NDI, the key modes altering their π-interaction, consequently influencing PET dynamics. The findings highlight the pivotal role of vibrations in shaping the favorable trajectories for the efficient PET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyosang Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Liu
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Sarah Kromer
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Chemistry Department, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
- Chemistry Department, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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6
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Curchod BFE, Orr-Ewing AJ. Perspective on Theoretical and Experimental Advances in Atmospheric Photochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6613-6635. [PMID: 39021090 PMCID: PMC11331530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Research that explores the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere is central to the current understanding of global challenges such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and poor air quality in urban areas. This research is a synergistic combination of three established domains: earth observation, for example, using satellites, and in situ field measurements; computer modeling of the atmosphere and its chemistry; and laboratory measurements of the properties and reactivity of gas-phase molecules and aerosol particles. The complexity of the interconnected chemical and photochemical reactions which determine the composition of the atmosphere challenges the capacity of laboratory studies to provide the spectroscopic, photochemical, and kinetic data required for computer models. Here, we consider whether predictions from computational chemistry using modern electronic structure theory and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations are becoming sufficiently accurate to supplement quantitative laboratory data for wavelength-dependent absorption cross-sections, photochemical quantum yields, and reaction rate coefficients. Drawing on presentations and discussions from the CECAM workshop on Theoretical and Experimental Advances in Atmospheric Photochemistry held in March 2024, we describe key concepts in the theory of photochemistry, survey the state-of-the-art in computational photochemistry methods, and compare their capabilities with modern experimental laboratory techniques. From such considerations, we offer a perspective on the scope of computational (photo)chemistry methods based on rigorous electronic structure theory to become a fourth core domain of research in atmospheric chemistry.
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7
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Guo Y, Gao X. Electronic dynamics through conical intersections via non-Markovian stochastic Schrödinger equation with complex modes. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054110. [PMID: 39092942 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) play a crucial role in photochemical reactions, offering an efficient channel for ultrafast non-adiabatic relaxation of excited states. This significantly influences the reaction pathways and the resulting products. In this work, we utilize the non-Markovian stochastic Schrödinger equation with complex modes method to explore the dynamics of electronic transitions through conical intersections (CIs) in pyrazine. The linear vibronic coupling model serves as the foundational framework, incorporating both intra-state and inter-state electron-vibrational interactions. The dynamics of the excited electronic transitions are analyzed across varying strengths of system-bath coupling and different bath relaxation times. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated by comparing its predictions with those from the hierarchical equations of motion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Guo
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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8
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Dall'Osto G, Corni S. Time-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering: A theoretical approach. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044103. [PMID: 39037131 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A new procedure for computing the time-dependent Raman scattering of molecules in the proximity of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is proposed, drawing inspiration from the pioneering Lee and Heller's theory. This strategy is based on a preliminary simulation of the molecular vibronic wavefunction in the presence of a plasmonic nanostructure and an incident light pulse. Subsequently, the Raman signal is evaluated through an inverse Fourier Transform of the coefficients' dynamics. Employing a multiscale approach, the system is treated by coupling the quantum mechanical description of the molecule with the polarizable continuum model for the NP. This method offers a unique advantage by providing insights into the time evolution of the plasmon-enhanced Raman signal, tracking the dynamics of the incident electric field. It not only provides for the total Raman signal at the process's conclusion but also gives transient information. Importantly, the flexibility of this approach allows for the simulation of various incident electric field profiles, enabling a closer alignment with experimental setups. This adaptability ensures that the method is relevant and applicable to diverse real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dall'Osto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35100, Italy
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, Modena 41100, Italy
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9
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Pandey P, Durga Prasad M. Time-Dependent Multireference Coupled-Cluster Method (TDMRCCM) for the Bath-Dynamics in System-Bath Approach to Nonadiabatic Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5990-5998. [PMID: 39012785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The time-dependent multireference coupled-cluster method (TDMRCCM) fits well in the scheme of the system-bath separation used to study the nonadiabatic dynamics. In TDMRCCM, a projection operator is defined as one that projects the full Hilbert space onto the space spanned by the collection of system degrees of freedom, called the model space. The inverse of this projection operator is a wave operator that acts on the model space and takes its projection back to the full wave function. This wave operator is defined as an exponential of the excitation terms and, hence, can be expanded into a Taylor series, which we have truncated in this work at the second-order of excitations. The attraction of using TDMRCCM for describing the bath dynamics is due to the exponential nature of the ansatz used in the method, which makes it possible for the higher-order excitations to be absorbed by the lower-order terms, even upon truncating the series. This improves the accuracy of the numerical calculations using TDMRCCM as an approximation for the bath-mode dynamics in the system-bath framework for nonadiabatic dynamics. We present the theoretical details of TDMRCCM and the numerical results for implementing this method to study the dynamics in the butatriene cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Pandey
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - M Durga Prasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
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10
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Sun S, Gu B, Hu H, Lu L, Tang D, Chernyak VY, Li X, Mukamel S. Direct Probe of Conical Intersection Photochemistry by Time-Resolved X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19863-19873. [PMID: 38989850 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The direct probing of photochemical dynamics by detecting the electronic coherence generated during passage through conical intersections is an intriguing challenge. The weak coherence signal and the difficulty in preparing purely excited wave packets that exclude coherence from other sources make it experimentally challenging. We propose to use time-resolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism to probe the wave packet dynamics around the conical intersection. The magnetic field amplifies the relative strength of the electronic coherence signal compared to populations through the magnetic field response anisotropy. More importantly, since the excited state relaxation through conical intersections involves a change of parity, the magnetic coupling matches the symmetry of the response function with the electronic coherence, making the coherence signal only sensitive to the conical intersection induced coherence and excludes the pump pulse induced coherence between the ground state and excited state. In this theoretical study, we apply this technique to the photodissociation dynamics of a pyrrole molecule and demonstrate its capability of probing electronic coherence at a conical intersection as well as population transfer. We demonstrate that a magnetic field can be effectively used to extract novel information about electron and nuclear molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United states
- Departmnet of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Diandong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Vladimir Y Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University, 656 West Kirby, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United states
- Departmnet of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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11
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Zhao S, Tang D, Xiao X, Wang R, Sun Q, Chen Z, Cai X, Li Z, Yu H, Fang WH. Quantum Computation of Conical Intersections on a Programmable Superconducting Quantum Processor. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7244-7253. [PMID: 38976358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) are pivotal in many photochemical processes. Traditional quantum chemistry methods, such as the state-average multiconfigurational methods, face computational hurdles in solving the electronic Schrödinger equation within the active space on classical computers. While quantum computing offers a potential solution, its feasibility in studying CIs, particularly on real quantum hardware, remains largely unexplored. Here, we present the first successful realization of a hybrid quantum-classical state-average complete active space self-consistent field method based on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE-SA-CASSCF) on a superconducting quantum processor. This approach is applied to investigate CIs in two prototypical systems─ethylene (C2H4) and triatomic hydrogen (H3). We illustrate that VQE-SA-CASSCF, coupled with ongoing hardware and algorithmic enhancements, can lead to a correct description of CIs on existing quantum devices. These results lay the groundwork for exploring the potential of quantum computing to study CIs in more complex systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukuan Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Diandong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Quantum Engine LLC, Lacey, Washington 98516, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cai
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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12
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Anderson MC, Dodin A, Fay TP, Limmer DT. Coherent control from quantum commitment probabilities. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:024115. [PMID: 38995082 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We introduce a general definition of a quantum committor in order to clarify reaction mechanisms and facilitate control in processes where coherent effects are important. With a quantum committor, we generalize the notion of a transition state to quantum superpositions and quantify the effect of interference on the progress of the reaction. The formalism is applicable to any linear quantum master equation supporting metastability for which absorbing boundary conditions designating the reactant and product states can be applied. We use this formalism to determine the dependence of the quantum transition state on coherences in a polaritonic system and optimize the initialization state of a conical intersection model to control reactive outcomes, achieving yields of the desired state approaching 100%. In addition to providing a practical tool, the quantum committor provides a conceptual framework for understanding reactions in cases when classical intuitions fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Amro Dodin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Solov’yov AV, Verkhovtsev AV, Mason NJ, Amos RA, Bald I, Baldacchino G, Dromey B, Falk M, Fedor J, Gerhards L, Hausmann M, Hildenbrand G, Hrabovský M, Kadlec S, Kočišek J, Lépine F, Ming S, Nisbet A, Ricketts K, Sala L, Schlathölter T, Wheatley AEH, Solov’yov IA. Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8014-8129. [PMID: 38842266 PMCID: PMC11240271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This roadmap reviews the new, highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The Review highlights several recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field over the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation can be inorganic, organic, or biological, finite or infinite, composed of different molecular species or materials, exist in different phases, and operate under different thermodynamic conditions. Many of the key phenomena related to the behavior of irradiated systems are very similar and can be understood based on the same fundamental theoretical principles and computational approaches. The multiscale nature of such phenomena requires the quantitative description of the radiation-induced effects occurring at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic, and the interlinks between such descriptions. The multiscale nature of the effects and the similarity of their manifestation in systems of different origins necessarily bring together different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, nanoscience, and biomedical research, demonstrating the numerous interlinks and commonalities between them. This research field is highly relevant to many novel and emerging technologies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nigel J. Mason
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United
Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Amos
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gérard Baldacchino
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université,
CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brendan Dromey
- Centre
for Light Matter Interactions, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Falk
- Institute
of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Hildenbrand
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences
Aschaffenburg, Würzburger
Str. 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | | | - Stanislav Kadlec
- Eaton European
Innovation Center, Bořivojova
2380, 25263 Roztoky, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière
Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Siyi Ming
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Kate Ricketts
- Department
of Targeted Intervention, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Sala
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University
College Groningen, University of Groningen, Hoendiepskade 23/24, 9718 BG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E. H. Wheatley
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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14
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Lawrence JE, Mannouch JR, Richardson JO. A size-consistent multi-state mapping approach to surface hopping. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:244112. [PMID: 38940540 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We develop a multi-state generalization of the recently proposed mapping approach to surface hopping (MASH) for the simulation of electronically nonadiabatic dynamics. This new approach extends the original MASH method to be able to treat systems with more than two electronic states. It differs from previous approaches in that it is size consistent and rigorously recovers the original two-state MASH in the appropriate limits. We demonstrate the accuracy of the method by applying it to a series of model systems for which exact benchmark results are available, and we find that the method is well suited to the simulation of photochemical relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Jonathan R Mannouch
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg and the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy O Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Fábri C, Halász GJ, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Impact of Cavity on Molecular Ionization Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4655-4661. [PMID: 38647546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ionization phenomena have been widely studied for decades. With the advent of cavity technology, the question arises how quantum light affects molecular ionization. As the ionization spectrum is recorded from the neutral ground state, it is usually possible to choose cavities which exert negligible effect on the neutral ground state, but have significant impact on the ion and the ionization spectrum. Particularly interesting are cases where the ion exhibits conical intersections between close-lying electronic states, which gives rise to substantial nonadiabatic effects. Assuming single-molecule strong coupling, we demonstrate that vibrational modes irrelevant in the absence of a cavity play a decisive role when the molecule is in the cavity. Here, dynamical symmetry breaking is responsible for the ion-cavity coupling and high symmetry enables control of the coupling via molecular orientation relative to the cavity field polarization. Significant impact on the spectrum by the cavity is found and shown to even substantially increase for less symmetric molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd, Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Medhi B, Sarma M. Deciphering the Internal Conversion Processes Involved in the Photochemical Ring-Opening of 1,3-Cyclohexadiene by Symmetric sp 2-Carbon Substitutions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2025-2037. [PMID: 38426433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Chemical substituents hold the potential to markedly influence the photochemical behavior in molecular systems and assist in gaining a comprehensive understanding of nonadiabatic phenomena. In this study, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the influence of chemical substituents on the photochemical ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), considering four systems: CHD, 2,3-dimethylcyclohexadiene (CHD-Me2-1), 1,4-dimethylcyclohexadiene (CHD-Me2-2), and 1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclohexadiene (CHD-Me4), using electronic structure theory calculations and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Employing extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation (XMS-CASPT2) theory, we optimized reactants, S1 states, conical intersections (CIns), and products, revealing structural and energetic variations consistent with prior research. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation was used to gain insights into photochemical dynamics at state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) theory. CHD-Me4 exhibited reduced carbon-carbon single bond rupture rates, responsible for ring-opening, due to substituent proximity. Further, CHD-Me2-2 and CHD-Me4 displayed prolonged excited-state relaxation times, highlighting notable substituents' impact. Analysis of kinetic energy profiles of specific carbon atoms also revealed restrained atomic displacements, particularly in CHD-Me2-2 and CHD-Me4. These findings advance our understanding of how substituents modulate photochemical reactions in cyclohexadiene derivatives, guiding new molecular design and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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17
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Freibert A, Mendive-Tapia D, Huse N, Vendrell O. Time-Dependent Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Pyrazine at the Nitrogen K-Edge: A Quantum Dynamics Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2167-2180. [PMID: 38315564 PMCID: PMC10938531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We calculate resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra of pyrazine at the nitrogen K-edge in the time domain including wavepacket dynamics in both the valence and core-excited state manifolds. Upon resonant excitation, we observe ultrafast non-adiabatic population transfer between core-excited states within the core-hole lifetime, leading to molecular symmetry distortions. Importantly, our time-domain approach inherently contains the ability to manipulate the dynamics of this process by detuning the excitation energy, which effectively shortens the scattering duration. We also explore the impact of pulsed incident X-ray radiation, which provides a foundation for state-of-the-art time-resolved experiments with coherent pulsed light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Freibert
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Mendive-Tapia
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Huse
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Calio PB, Hermes MR, Bao JJ, Galván IF, Lindh R, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Minimum-Energy Conical Intersections by Compressed Multistate Pair-Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1698-1706. [PMID: 38407944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Compressed multistate pair-density functional theory (CMS-PDFT) is a multistate version of multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory that can capture the correct topology of coupled potential energy surfaces (PESs) around conical intersections. In this work, we develop interstate coupling vectors (ISCs) for CMS-PDFT in the OpenMolcas and PySCF/mrh electronic structure packages. Yet, the main focus of this work is using ISCs to calculate minimum-energy conical intersections (MECIs) by CMS-PDFT. This is performed using the projected constrained optimization method in OpenMolcas, which uses ISCs to restrain the iterations to the conical intersection seam. We optimize the S1/S0 MECIs for ethylene, butadiene, and benzene and show that CMS-PDFT gives smooth PESs in the vicinities of the MECIs. Furthermore, the CMS-PDFT MECIs are in good agreement with the MECI calculated by the more expensive XMS-CASPT2 method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Calio
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
| | - Matthew R Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
| | - Jie J Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | | | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439-4801, United States
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19
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Morreale D, Persico M. Topology of Conical Intersection Seams and the Geometric Phase. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1707-1714. [PMID: 38408203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate two topological properties of crossing seams, that is, the sets of points in the N-dimensional space of nuclear coordinates where two electronic eigenstates are degenerate. We shall examine the typical case of states of the same spin with accidental degeneracies, whereby the crossing seam is of dimension N - 2. The first property we demonstrate is that a crossing seam has no boundary, therefore, it must either extend asymptotically to infinite values of one or more coordinates or wrap on itself. The second property is that two (or more) crossing seams can intersect each other but in such a way that neither of them ends at the intersection. When N = 3, the crossing seam is a line in a 3D space; this is so in triatomic molecules but also in reduced dimensionality treatments of larger polyatomics. The above-mentioned rules then mean that the crossing seam is a line of infinite length or a closed loop and can split into three branches but not in two. The example of the first two excited 1A' states of H2Cl+ illustrates these rules and shows their usefulness for computational search and characterization of crossing seams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morreale
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, v. G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Maurizio Persico
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, v. G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
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20
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Guo Z, Zhang M, Dong X, Wang J, Li Z, Liu Y. Probing Conical Intersection in the Multipathway Isomerization of CH 3Cl Using Coulomb Explosion. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2369-2374. [PMID: 38393833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitous ultrafast isomerization is paramount in photoexcited molecules, in which non-adiabatic coupling among multiple electronic states can occur. We use the pump-probe Coulomb explosion imaging method to study the isomerization of CH3Cl molecules. We find that the isomerization under our strong field pump-probe scheme proceeds along multiple pathways, which are encoded in several distinct branches of the time-resolved kinetic energy release spectra for the CH2++HCl+ Coulomb explosion channel. Apart from the isomerized dissociative pathway in neutral and cationic excited states, the pump laser can also induce coherent vibrational dynamics in two coupled intermediate states and set up the initial conditions for the two concurrently proceeding isomerization pathways. The isomerization of CH3Cl provides an intriguing example of a chemical reaction consisting of multiple pathways and non-adiabatic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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21
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Umarov O, Csehi A, Badankó P, Halász GJ, Vibók Á. Light-induced photodissociation in the lowest three electronic states of the NaH molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7211-7223. [PMID: 38349744 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
It has been known that electronic conical intersections in a molecular system can also be created by laser light even in diatomics. The direct consequence of these light-induced degeneracies is the appearance of a strong mixing between the electronic and vibrational motions, which has a strong fingerprint on the ultrafast nuclear dynamics. In the present work, pump and probe numerical simulations are performed with the NaH molecule involving the first three singlet electronic states (X1Σ+(X), A1Σ+(A) and B1Π(B)) and several light-induced degeneracies in the numerical description. To demonstrate the impact of the multiple light-induced non-adiabatic effects together with the molecular rotation on the dynamical properties of the molecule, the dissociation probabilities, kinetic energy release spectra (KER) and the angular distributions of the photofragments were calculated by discussing the role of the permanent dipole moment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otabek Umarov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Samarkand State University, University blv. 15, 140104, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - András Csehi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Péter Badankó
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd, Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Bourne-Worster S, Worth GA. Quantum dynamics of excited state proton transfer in green fluorescent protein. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:065102. [PMID: 38353309 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) triggers long-range proton transfer along a "wire" of neighboring protein residues, which, in turn, activates its characteristic green fluorescence. The GFP proton wire is one of the simplest, most well-characterized models of biological proton transfer but remains challenging to simulate due to the sensitivity of its energetics to the surrounding protein conformation and the possibility of non-classical behavior associated with the movement of lightweight protons. Using a direct dynamics variational multiconfigurational Gaussian wavepacket method to provide a fully quantum description of both electrons and nuclei, we explore the mechanism of excited state proton transfer in a high-dimensional model of the GFP chromophore cluster over the first two picoseconds following excitation. During our simulation, we observe the sequential starts of two of the three proton transfers along the wire, confirming the predictions of previous studies that the overall process starts from the end of the wire furthest from the fluorescent chromophore and proceeds in a concerted but asynchronous manner. Furthermore, by comparing the full quantum dynamics to a set of classical trajectories, we provide unambiguous evidence that tunneling plays a critical role in facilitating the leading proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham A Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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23
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Lawrence JE, Mannouch JR, Richardson JO. Recovering Marcus Theory Rates and Beyond without the Need for Decoherence Corrections: The Mapping Approach to Surface Hopping. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:707-716. [PMID: 38214476 PMCID: PMC10823533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) fails to correctly capture the quadratic scaling of rate constants with diabatic coupling in the weak-coupling limit, as expected from Fermi's golden rule and Marcus theory. To address this deficiency, the most widely used approach is to introduce a "decoherence correction", which removes the inconsistency between the wave function coefficients and the active state. Here we investigate the behavior of a new nonadiabatic trajectory method, called the mapping approach to surface hopping (MASH), on systems that exhibit an incoherent rate behavior. Unlike FSSH, MASH hops between active surfaces deterministically and can never have an inconsistency between the wave function coefficients and the active state. We show that MASH not only can describe rates for intermediate and strong diabatic coupling but also can accurately reproduce the results of Marcus theory in the golden-rule limit, without the need for a decoherence correction. MASH is therefore a significant improvement over FSSH in the simulation of nonadiabatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Lawrence
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan R. Mannouch
- Hamburg
Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität
Hamburg and Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of
Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy O. Richardson
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Dey D, Woodhouse JL, Taylor MP, Fielding HH, Worth GA. On the multiphoton ionisation photoelectron spectra of phenol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3451-3461. [PMID: 38205824 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The phenol molecule is a prototype for non-adiabatic dynamics and the excited-state photochemistry of biomolecules. In this article, we report a joint theoretical and experimental investigation on the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionisation photoelectron (REMPI) spectra of the two lowest ionisation bands of phenol. The focus is on the theoretical interpretation of the measured spectra using quantum dynamics simulations. These were performed by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation using the multi-layer variant of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree algorithm together with a vibronic coupling Hamiltonian model. The ionising laser pulse is modelled explicitly within the ionisation continuum model to simulate experimental femtosecond 1+1 REMPI photoelectron spectra. These measured spectra are sensitive to very short lived electronically excited states, providing a rigorous benchmark for our theoretical methods. The match between experiment and theory allows for an interpretation of the features of the spectra at different wavelengths and shows that there are features due to both 'direct' and 'indirect' ionisation, resulting from non-resonant and resonant excitation by the pump pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptesh Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Joanne L Woodhouse
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Marcus P Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Graham A Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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25
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Vandaele E, Mališ M, Luber S. A Local Diabatisation Method for Two-State Adiabatic Conical Intersections. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:856-872. [PMID: 38174710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A methodology to locally characterize conical intersections (CIs) between two adiabatic electronic states for which no nonadiabatic coupling (NAC) vectors are available is presented. Based on the Hessian and gradient at the CI, the branching space coordinates are identified. The potential energy surface around the CI in the branching space is expressed in the diabatic representation, from which the NAC vectors can be calculated in a wave-function-free, energy-based approach. To demonstrate the universality of the developed methodology, the minimum-energy CI (MECI) between the first (S1) and second (S2) singlet excited states of formamide is investigated at the state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) and extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (XMS-CASPT2) levels of theory. In addition, the asymmetrical MECI between the ground state (S0) and S1 of cyclopropanone is evaluated using SA-CASSCF, as well as (ME)CIs between the S1 and S2 states of benzene using SA-CASSCF and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Finally, a CI between the S1 and S2 excited states of thiophene was analyzed using TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vandaele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Momir Mališ
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Iyengar SS, Ricard TC, Zhu X. Reformulation of All ONIOM-Type Molecular Fragmentation Approaches and Many-Body Theories Using Graph-Theory-Based Projection Operators: Applications to Dynamics, Molecular Potential Surfaces, Machine Learning, and Quantum Computing. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:466-478. [PMID: 38180503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We present a graph-theory-based reformulation of all ONIOM-based molecular fragmentation methods. We discuss applications to (a) accurate post-Hartree-Fock AIMD that can be conducted at DFT cost for medium-sized systems, (b) hybrid DFT condensed-phase studies at the cost of pure density functionals, (c) reduced cost on-the-fly large basis gas-phase AIMD and condensed-phase studies, (d) post-Hartree-Fock-level potential surfaces at DFT cost to obtain quantum nuclear effects, and (e) novel transfer machine learning protocols derived from these measures. Additionally, in previous work, the unifying strategy discussed here has been used to construct new quantum computing algorithms. Thus, we conclude that this reformulation is robust and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan S Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and the Indiana University Quantum Science and Engineering Center (IU-QSEC), Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Timothy C Ricard
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and the Indiana University Quantum Science and Engineering Center (IU-QSEC), Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and the Indiana University Quantum Science and Engineering Center (IU-QSEC), Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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27
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Gómez S, Spinlove E, Worth G. Benchmarking non-adiabatic quantum dynamics using the molecular Tully models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1829-1844. [PMID: 38170796 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
On-the-fly non-adiabatic dynamics methods are becoming more important as tools to characterise the time evolution of a system after absorbing light. These methods, which calculate quantities such as state energies, gradients and interstate couplings at every time step, circumvent the requirement for pre-computed potential energy surfaces. There are a number of different algorithms used, the most common being Tully Surface Hopping (TSH), but all are approximate solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and benchmarking is required to understand their accuracy and performance. For this, a common set of systems and observables are required to compare them. In this work, we validate the on-the-fly direct dynamics variational multi-configuration Gaussian (DD-vMCG) method using three molecular systems recently suggested by Ibele and Curchod as molecular versions of the Tully model systems used to test one-dimensional non-adiabatic behaviour [Ibele et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2020, 22, 15183-15196]. Parametrised linear vibronic potential energy surfaces for each of the systems were also tested and compared to on-the-fly results. The molecules, which we term the Ibele-Curchod models, are ethene, DMABN and fulvene and the authors used them to test and compare several versions of the Ab Initio Multiple Spawning (AIMS) method alongside TSH. The three systems present different deactivation pathways after excitation to their ππ* bright states. When comparing DD-vMCG to AIMS and TSH, we obtain crucial differences in some cases, for which an explanation is provided by the classical nature and the chosen initial conditions of the TSH simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gómez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Eryn Spinlove
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Theoretical Chemistry - Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Graham Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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28
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Ricard TC, Zhu X, Iyengar SS. Capturing Weak Interactions in Surface Adsorbate Systems at Coupled Cluster Accuracy: A Graph-Theoretic Molecular Fragmentation Approach Improved through Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 38019639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and efficient study of the interactions of organic matter with the surface of water is critical to a wide range of applications. For example, environmental studies have found that acidic polyfluorinated alkyl substances, especially perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), have spread throughout the environment and bioaccumulate into human populations residing near contaminated watersheds, leading to many systemic maladies. Thus, the study of the interactions of PFOA with water surfaces became important for the mitigation of their activity as pollutants and threats to public health. However, theoretical study of the interactions of such organic adsorbates on the surface of water, and their bulk concerted properties, often necessitates the use of ab initio methods to properly incorporate the long-range electronic properties that govern these extended systems. Notable theoretical treatments of "on-water" reactions thus far have employed hybrid DFT and semilocal DFT, but the interactions involved are weak interactions that may be best described using post-Hartree-Fock theory. Here, we aim to demonstrate the utility of a graph-theoretic approach to molecular fragmentation that accurately captures the critical "weak" interactions while maintaining an efficient ab initio treatment of the long-range periodic interactions that underpin the physics of extended systems. We apply this graph-theoretical treatment to study PFOA on the surface of water as a model system for the study of weak interactions seen in the wide range of surface interactions and reactions. The approach divides a system into a set of vertices, that are then connected through edges, faces, and higher order graph theoretic objects known as simplexes, to represent a collection of locally interacting subsystems. These subsystems are then used to construct ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and for computing multidimensional potential energy surfaces. To further improve the computational efficiency of our graph theoretic fragmentation method, we use a recently developed transfer learning protocol to construct the full system potential energy from a family of neural networks each designed to accurately model the behavior of individual simplexes. We use a unique multidimensional clustering algorithm, based on the k-means clustering methodology, to define our training space for each separate simplex. These models are used to extrapolate the energies for molecular dynamics trajectories at PFOA water interfaces, at less than one-tenth the cost as compared to a regular molecular fragmentation-based dynamics calculation with excellent agreement with couple cluster level of full system potential energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Ricard
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Srinivasan S Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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29
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Cuéllar-Zuquin J, Pepino AJ, Fdez. Galván I, Rivalta I, Aquilante F, Garavelli M, Lindh R, Segarra-Martí J. Characterizing Conical Intersections in DNA/RNA Nucleobases with Multiconfigurational Wave Functions of Varying Active Space Size. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8258-8272. [PMID: 37882796 PMCID: PMC10851440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the photochemically relevant conical intersections between the lowest-lying accessible electronic excited states of the different DNA/RNA nucleobases using Cholesky decomposition-based complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) algorithms. We benchmark two different basis set contractions and several active spaces for each nucleobase and conical intersection type, measuring for the first time how active space size affects conical intersection topographies in these systems and the potential implications these may have toward their description of photoinduced phenomena. Our results show that conical intersection topographies are highly sensitive to the electron correlation included in the model: by changing the amount (and type) of correlated orbitals, conical intersection topographies vastly change, and the changes observed do not follow any converging pattern toward the topographies obtained with the largest and most correlated active spaces. Comparison across systems shows analogous topographies for almost all intersections mediating population transfer to the dark 1nO/Nπ* states, while no similarities are observed for the "ethylene-like" conical intersection ascribed to mediate the ultrafast decay component to the ground state in all DNA/RNA nucleobases. Basis set size seems to have a minor effect, appearing to be relevant only for purine-based derivatives. We rule out structural changes as a key factor in classifying the different conical intersections, which display almost identical geometries across active space and basis set change, and we highlight instead the importance of correctly describing the electronic states involved at these crossing points. Our work shows that careful active space selection is essential to accurately describe conical intersection topographies and therefore to adequately account for their active role in molecular photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cuéllar-Zuquin
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Julieta Pepino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
- ENSL,
CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Francesco Aquilante
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Javier Segarra-Martí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
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30
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Sahoo J, Mahapatra S. Electronic nonadiabatic effects in the state-to-state dynamics of the H + H 2 → H 2 + H exchange reaction with a vibrationally excited reagent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28309-28325. [PMID: 37840347 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Out of the many major breakthroughs that the hydrogen-exchange reaction has led to, electronic nonadiabatic effects that are mainly due to the geometric phase has intrigued many. In this work we investigate such effects in the state-to-state dynamics of the H + H2 (v = 3, 4, j = 0) → H2 (v', j') + H reaction with a vibrationally excited reagent at energies corresponding to thermal conditions. The dynamical calculations are performed by a time-dependent quantum mechanical method both on the lower adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) and also using a two-states coupled diabatic theoretical model to explicitly include all the nonadiabatic couplings present in the 1E' ground electronic manifold of the H3 system. The nonadiabatic couplings are considered here up to the quadratic term; however, the effect of the latter on the reaction dynamics is found to be very small. Adiabatic population analysis showed a minimal participation of the upper adiabatic surface even for the vibrationally excited reagent. A strong nonadiabatic effect appears in the state-to-state reaction probabilities and differential cross sections (DCSs). This effect is manifested as "out-of-phase" oscillations in the DCSs between the results of the uncoupled and coupled surface situations. The oscillations persist as a function of both scattering angle and collision energy in both the backward and forward scattering regions. The origins of these oscillations are examined in detail. The oscillations that appear in the forward direction are found to be different from those due to glory scattering, where the latter showed a negligibly small nonadiabatic effect. The nonadiabatic effects are reduced to a large extent when summed over all product quantum states, in addition to the cancellation due to integration over the scattering angle and partial wave summation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrushna Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
| | - S Mahapatra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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31
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Li Manni G, Fdez. Galván I, Alavi A, Aleotti F, Aquilante F, Autschbach J, Avagliano D, Baiardi A, Bao JJ, Battaglia S, Birnoschi L, Blanco-González A, Bokarev SI, Broer R, Cacciari R, Calio PB, Carlson RK, Carvalho Couto R, Cerdán L, Chibotaru LF, Chilton NF, Church JR, Conti I, Coriani S, Cuéllar-Zuquin J, Daoud RE, Dattani N, Decleva P, de Graaf C, Delcey M, De Vico L, Dobrautz W, Dong SS, Feng R, Ferré N, Filatov(Gulak) M, Gagliardi L, Garavelli M, González L, Guan Y, Guo M, Hennefarth MR, Hermes MR, Hoyer CE, Huix-Rotllant M, Jaiswal VK, Kaiser A, Kaliakin DS, Khamesian M, King DS, Kochetov V, Krośnicki M, Kumaar AA, Larsson ED, Lehtola S, Lepetit MB, Lischka H, López Ríos P, Lundberg M, Ma D, Mai S, Marquetand P, Merritt ICD, Montorsi F, Mörchen M, Nenov A, Nguyen VHA, Nishimoto Y, Oakley MS, Olivucci M, Oppel M, Padula D, Pandharkar R, Phung QM, Plasser F, Raggi G, Rebolini E, Reiher M, Rivalta I, Roca-Sanjuán D, Romig T, Safari AA, Sánchez-Mansilla A, Sand AM, Schapiro I, Scott TR, Segarra-Martí J, Segatta F, Sergentu DC, Sharma P, Shepard R, Shu Y, Staab JK, Straatsma TP, Sørensen LK, Tenorio BNC, Truhlar DG, Ungur L, Vacher M, Veryazov V, Voß TA, Weser O, Wu D, Yang X, Yarkony D, Zhou C, Zobel JP, Lindh R. The OpenMolcas Web: A Community-Driven Approach to Advancing Computational Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6933-6991. [PMID: 37216210 PMCID: PMC10601490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The developments of the open-source OpenMolcas chemistry software environment since spring 2020 are described, with a focus on novel functionalities accessible in the stable branch of the package or via interfaces with other packages. These developments span a wide range of topics in computational chemistry and are presented in thematic sections: electronic structure theory, electronic spectroscopy simulations, analytic gradients and molecular structure optimizations, ab initio molecular dynamics, and other new features. This report offers an overview of the chemical phenomena and processes OpenMolcas can address, while showing that OpenMolcas is an attractive platform for state-of-the-art atomistic computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li Manni
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali Alavi
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Yusuf Hamied
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Aleotti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Aquilante
- Theory and
Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Davide Avagliano
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jie J. Bao
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Stefano Battaglia
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Letitia Birnoschi
- The Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K.
| | - Alejandro Blanco-González
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Sergey I. Bokarev
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ria Broer
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Cacciari
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paul B. Calio
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Carlson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Rafael Carvalho Couto
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Cerdán
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Instituto
de Óptica (IO−CSIC), Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liviu F. Chibotaru
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- The Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K.
| | | | - Irene Conti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juliana Cuéllar-Zuquin
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Razan E. Daoud
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nike Dattani
- HPQC Labs, Waterloo, N2T 2K9 Ontario Canada
- HPQC College, Waterloo, N2T 2K9 Ontario Canada
| | - Piero Decleva
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli
Studi di Trieste, I-34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Department
of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mickaël
G. Delcey
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca De Vico
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Werner Dobrautz
- Chalmers
University of Technology, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sijia S. Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, and Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rulin Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nicolas Ferré
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire (UMR-7273), Aix-Marseille
Univ, CNRS, ICR 13013 Marseille, France
| | | | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yafu Guan
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical
Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hennefarth
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hermes
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chad E. Hoyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Miquel Huix-Rotllant
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire (UMR-7273), Aix-Marseille
Univ, CNRS, ICR 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andy Kaiser
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Danil S. Kaliakin
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Marjan Khamesian
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel S. King
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vladislav Kochetov
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marek Krośnicki
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics
and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, ul Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ernst D. Larsson
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Molecular
Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Bernadette Lepetit
- Condensed
Matter Theory Group, Institut Néel, CNRS UPR 2940, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Theory
Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Pablo López Ríos
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maximilian Mörchen
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Artur Nenov
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vu Ha Anh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Yoshio Nishimoto
- Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Meagan S. Oakley
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Padula
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riddhish Pandharkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Gerardo Raggi
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Quantum
Materials and Software LTD, 128 City Road, London, EC1V 2NX, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Rebolini
- Scientific
Computing Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Thies Romig
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arta Anushirwan Safari
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aitor Sánchez-Mansilla
- Department
of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Andrew M. Sand
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Thais R. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Javier Segarra-Martí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Francesco Segatta
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Laboratory
RA-03, RECENT AIR, A. I. Cuza University of Iaşi, RA-03 Laboratory (RECENT AIR), Iaşi 700506, Romania
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Ron Shepard
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Jakob K. Staab
- The Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K.
| | - Tjerk P. Straatsma
- National
Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6373, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | | | - Bruno Nunes Cabral Tenorio
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Valera Veryazov
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Torben Arne Voß
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oskar Weser
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dihua Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Xuchun Yang
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - David Yarkony
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry (UC3), Uppsala University, PO Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala. Sweden
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32
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Menger MFSJ, Köppel H. On the Fluorescence Properties and Nonradiative Transitions in Medium-Sized All-Trans Polyenes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8501-8507. [PMID: 37815131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The nonadiabatic photodynamics of all-trans linear polyenes with N = 4-8 conjugated double bonds is studied from an electronic structure perspective. Excitation energies and stationary points for the 1Bu and 2Ag singlet states have been computed by using the state-average complete active space (SA-CASSCF) method and its second-order perturbation theory variant (MS-CASPT2). The dependence of the two low-lying excited states on the "chain length" N has been elucidated. In addition, the 1Bu-2Ag crossing seam has been mapped out in a suitable two-dimensional coordinate space and its minimum within the subspace has been determined. This minimum is found to increase substantially and monotonously in energy with increasing N. This increase is discussed and interpreted in relation to the fluorescence properties of these systems. In particular, it allows to understand the crossover from S1(2Ag) fluorescence for smaller N to S2(1Bu) (or dual) fluorescence for larger N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F S J Menger
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, University Heidelberg, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Horst Köppel
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, University Heidelberg, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Wang B, Wu Y, Liu D, Vasenko AS, Casanova D, Prezhdo OV. Efficient Modeling of Quantum Dynamics of Charge Carriers in Materials Using Short Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8289-8295. [PMID: 37681642 PMCID: PMC10518862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics provides essential insights into excited-state processes, but it is computationally intense and simplifications are needed. The classical path approximation provides critical savings. Still, long heating and equilibration steps are required. We demonstrate that practical results can be obtained with short, partially equilibrated ab initio trajectories. Once the system's structure is adequate and essential fluctuations are sampled, the nonadiabatic Hamiltonian can be constructed. Local structures require only 1-2 ps trajectories, as demonstrated with point defects in metal halide perovskites. Short trajectories represent anharmonic motions common in defective structures, an essential improvement over the harmonic approximation around the optimized geometry. Glassy systems, such as grain boundaries, require different simulation protocols, e.g., involving machine learning force fields. 10-fold shorter trajectories generate 10-20% time scale errors, which are acceptable, given experimental uncertainties and other approximations. The practical NAMD protocol enables fast screening of excited-state dynamics for rapid exploration of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipeng Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Andrey S. Vasenko
- HSE
University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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34
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Mandal A, Taylor MA, Weight BM, Koessler ER, Li X, Huo P. Theoretical Advances in Polariton Chemistry and Molecular Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9786-9879. [PMID: 37552606 PMCID: PMC10450711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
When molecules are coupled to an optical cavity, new light-matter hybrid states, so-called polaritons, are formed due to quantum light-matter interactions. With the experimental demonstrations of modifying chemical reactivities by forming polaritons under strong light-matter interactions, theorists have been encouraged to develop new methods to simulate these systems and discover new strategies to tune and control reactions. This review summarizes some of these exciting theoretical advances in polariton chemistry, in methods ranging from the fundamental framework to computational techniques and applications spanning from photochemistry to vibrational strong coupling. Even though the theory of quantum light-matter interactions goes back to the midtwentieth century, the gaps in the knowledge of molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED) have only recently been filled. We review recent advances made in resolving gauge ambiguities, the correct form of different QED Hamiltonians under different gauges, and their connections to various quantum optics models. Then, we review recently developed ab initio QED approaches which can accurately describe polariton states in a realistic molecule-cavity hybrid system. We then discuss applications using these method advancements. We review advancements in polariton photochemistry where the cavity is made resonant to electronic transitions to control molecular nonadiabatic excited state dynamics and enable new photochemical reactivities. When the cavity resonance is tuned to the molecular vibrations instead, ground-state chemical reaction modifications have been demonstrated experimentally, though its mechanistic principle remains unclear. We present some recent theoretical progress in resolving this mystery. Finally, we review the recent advances in understanding the collective coupling regime between light and matter, where many molecules can collectively couple to a single cavity mode or many cavity modes. We also lay out the current challenges in theory to explain the observed experimental results. We hope that this review will serve as a useful document for anyone who wants to become familiar with the context of polariton chemistry and molecular cavity QED and thus significantly benefit the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael A.D. Taylor
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Braden M. Weight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United
States
| | - Eric R. Koessler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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35
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Yang Y, Ren H, Zhang M, Zhou S, Mu X, Li X, Wang Z, Deng K, Li M, Ma P, Li Z, Hao X, Li W, Chen J, Wang C, Ding D. H 2 formation via non-Born-Oppenheimer hydrogen migration in photoionized ethane. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4951. [PMID: 37587115 PMCID: PMC10432507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutral H2 formation via intramolecular hydrogen migration in hydrocarbon molecules plays a vital role in many chemical and biological processes. Here, employing cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) and pump-probe technique, we find that the non-adiabatic coupling between the ground and excited ionic states of ethane through conical intersection leads to a significantly high yield of neutral H2 fragment. Based on the analysis of fingerprints that are sensitive to orbital symmetry and electronic state energies in the photoelectron momentum distributions, we tag the initial electronic population of both the ground and excited ionic states and determine the branching ratios of H2 formation channel from those two states. Incorporating theoretical simulation, we established the timescale of the H2 formation to be ~1300 fs. We provide a comprehensive characterization of H2 formation in ionic states of ethane mediated by conical intersection and reveals the significance of non-adiabatic coupling dynamics in the intramolecular hydrogen migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpeng Zhou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangxu Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
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36
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Kragskow JGC, Mattioni A, Staab JK, Reta D, Skelton JM, Chilton NF. Spin-phonon coupling and magnetic relaxation in single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:4567-4585. [PMID: 37377351 PMCID: PMC10351214 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Electron-phonon coupling is important in many physical phenomena, e.g. photosynthesis, catalysis and quantum information processing, but its impacts are difficult to grasp on the microscopic level. One area attracting wide interest is that of single-molecule magnets, which is motivated by searching for the ultimate limit in the miniaturisation of binary data storage media. The utility of a molecule to store magnetic information is quantified by the timescale of its magnetic reversal processes, also known as magnetic relaxation, which is limited by spin-phonon coupling. Several recent accomplishments of synthetic organometallic chemistry have led to the observation of molecular magnetic memory effects at temperatures above that of liquid nitrogen. These discoveries have highlighted how far chemical design strategies for maximising magnetic anisotropy have come, but have also highlighted the need to characterise the complex interplay between phonons and molecular spin states. The crucial step is to make a link between magnetic relaxation and chemical motifs, and so be able to produce design criteria to extend molecular magnetic memory. The basic physics associated with spin-phonon coupling and magnetic relaxation was outlined in the early 20th century using perturbation theory, and has more recently been recast in the form of a general open quantum systems formalism and tackled with different levels of approximations. It is the purpose of this Tutorial Review to introduce the topics of phonons, molecular spin-phonon coupling, and magnetic relaxation, and to outline the relevant theories in connection with both the traditional perturbative texts and the more modern open quantum systems methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon G C Kragskow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Andrea Mattioni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jakob K Staab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Daniel Reta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Faculty of Chemistry, The University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Jonathan M Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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37
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Abstract
The topological properties of an object, associated with an integer called the topological invariant, are global features that cannot change continuously but only through abrupt variations, hence granting them intrinsic robustness. Engineered metamaterials (MMs) can be tailored to support highly nontrivial topological properties of their band structure, relative to their electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical response, representing one of the major breakthroughs in physics over the past decade. Here, we review the foundations and the latest advances of topological photonic and phononic MMs, whose nontrivial wave interactions have become of great interest to a broad range of science disciplines, such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the basic concepts, including the notion of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of natural electronic materials, before reviewing their photonic/phononic topological MM analogues, including 2D topological MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet topological insulators, 3D, higher-order, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs. We also discuss the topological aspects of scattering anomalies, chemical reactions and polaritons. This work aims at connecting the recent advances of topological concepts throughout a broad range of scientific areas and it highlights opportunities offered by topological MMs for the chemistry community and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Simon Yves
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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38
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Jurado Romero A, Calero C, Sibert EL, Rey R. High energy vibrational excitations of nitromethane in liquid water. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2890474. [PMID: 37184013 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathways and timescales of vibrational energy flow in nitromethane are investigated in both gas and condensed phases using classical molecular mechanics, with a particular focus on relaxation in liquid water. We monitor the flow of excess energy deposited in vibrational modes of nitromethane into the surrounding solvent. A marked energy flux anisotropy is found when nitromethane is immersed in liquid water, with a preferential flow to those water molecules in contact to the nitro group. The factors that permit such anisotropic energy relaxation are discussed, along with the potential implications on the molecule's non-equilibrium dynamics. In addition, the energy flux analysis allows us to identify the solvent motions responsible for the uptake of solute energy, confirming the crucial role of water librations. Finally, we also show that no anisotropic vibrational energy relaxation occurs when nitromethane is surrounded by argon gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Jurado Romero
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Carles Calero
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edwin L Sibert
- Department of Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Rossend Rey
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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39
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Mi X, Zhang M, Zhang L, Wu C, Zhou T, Xu H, Xie C, Li Z, Liu Y. Geometric Phase Effect in Attosecond Stimulated X-ray Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3608-3613. [PMID: 37053512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) are diabolical points in the potential energy surfaces generally caused by point-wise degeneracy of different electronic states, and give rise to the geometric phases (GPs) of molecular wave functions. Here we theoretically propose and demonstrate that the transient redistribution of ultrafast electronic coherence in attosecond Raman signal (TRUECARS) spectroscopy is capable of detecting the GP effect in excited state molecules by applying two probe pulses including an attosecond and a femtosecond X-ray pulse. The mechanism is based on a set of symmetry selection rules in the presence of nontrivial GPs. The model of this work can be realized for probing the geometric phase effect in the excited state dynamics of complex molecules with appropriate symmetries, using attosecond light sources such as free-electron X-ray lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haitan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Intelligent Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changjian Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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40
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Shu Y, Zhang L, Wu D, Chen X, Sun S, Truhlar DG. New Gradient Correction Scheme for Electronically Nonadiabatic Dynamics Involving Multiple Spin States. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2419-2429. [PMID: 37079755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been recommended that the best representation to use for trajectory surface hopping (TSH) calculations is the fully adiabatic basis in which the Hamiltonian is diagonal. Simulations of intersystem crossing processes with conventional TSH methods require an explicit computation of nonadiabatic coupling vectors (NACs) in the molecular-Coulomb-Hamiltonian (MCH) basis, also called the spin-orbit-free basis, in order to compute the gradient in the fully adiabatic basis (also called the diagonal representation). This explicit requirement destroys some of the advantages of the overlap-based algorithms and curvature-driven algorithms that can be used for the most efficient TSH calculations. Therefore, although these algorithms allow one to perform NAC-free simulations for internal conversion processes, one still requires NACs for intersystem crossing. Here, we show that how the NAC requirement is circumvented by a new computation scheme called the time-derivative-matrix scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Linyao Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dihua Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Xiye Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shaozeng Sun
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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41
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Pandey P, Prasad MD. Criteria for the Classification of System and Bath Variables in Nonadiabatic Dynamics: Application to Pyrazine. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3412-3426. [PMID: 37023395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with the system-bath separation of the vibrational modes involved in a nonadiabatic system. System modes are the strongly interacting modes which dominate the overall dynamics and, hence, need a near-exact treatment. Bath modes have relatively weaker couplings and can be approximately treated. Thus, the exponential bottleneck involved in computations is controlled by the size of the system-subspace. The aim of this work is to put forward a set of criteria that provides clear guidelines for choosing the system degrees of freedom. The extent of wave packet dephasing caused by repeated crossings across the surface of curve-crossing is the basis for distinction between system and bath modes. The mechanisms of the wave packet dephasing and the criteria are discussed in detail. Numerically converged results presented for the 24-mode pyrazine and 3-mode spin-boson model validate the efficiency of these criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Pandey
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - M Durga Prasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
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42
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Cavaletto SM, Nam Y, Rouxel JR, Keefer D, Yong H, Mukamel S. Attosecond Monitoring of Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics by Transient X-ray Transmission Spectroscopy. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2327-2339. [PMID: 37015111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Tracing the evolution of molecular coherences can provide a direct, unambiguous probe of nonadiabatic molecular processes, such as the passage through conical intersections of electronic states. Two techniques, attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) and Transient Redistribution of Ultrafast Electronic Coherences in Attosecond Raman Signals (TRUECARS), have been used or proposed for monitoring nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. Both techniques employ the transmission of a weak attosecond extreme-ultraviolet or X-ray probe to interrogate the molecule at controllable time delays with respect to an optical pump, thereby extracting dynamical information from transient spectral features. The connection between these techniques has not been firmly established yet. In this theoretical study, we provide a unified description of both transient transmission techniques, establishing their relationship as limits of the same pump-probe spectroscopy technique for different pulse parameter regimes. We demonstrate this by quantum dynamical simulations of thiophenol photodissociation and show how complementary coherence information can be revealed by the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yeonsig Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne 42023, France
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Vester J, Despré V, Kuleff AI. The role of symmetric vibrational modes in the decoherence of correlation-driven charge migration. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104305. [PMID: 36922132 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the electron correlation, the fast removal of an electron from a molecule may create a coherent superposition of cationic states and in this way initiate pure electronic dynamics in which the hole-charge left by the ionization migrates throughout the system on an ultrashort time scale. The coupling to the nuclear motion introduces a decoherence that eventually traps the charge, and crucial questions in the field of attochemistry include how long the electronic coherence lasts and which nuclear degrees of freedom are mostly responsible for the decoherence. Here, we report full-dimensional quantum calculations of the concerted electron-nuclear dynamics following outer-valence ionization of propynamide, which reveal that the pure electronic coherences last only 2-3 fs before being destroyed by the nuclear motion. Our analysis shows that the normal modes that are mostly responsible for the fast electronic decoherence are the symmetric in-plane modes. All other modes have little or no effect on the charge migration. This information can be useful to guide the development of reduced dimensionality models for larger systems or the search for molecules with long coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vester
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Despré
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Intermolecular-Type Conical Intersections in Benzene Dimer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032906. [PMID: 36769227 PMCID: PMC9917476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium and conical intersection geometries of the benzene dimer were computed in the framework of the conventional, linear-response time-dependent and spin-flipped time-dependent density functional theories (known as DFT, TDDFT and SF-TDDFT) as well as using the multiconfigurational complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method considering the minimally augmented def2-TZVPP and the 6-31G(d,p) basis sets. It was found that the stacking distance between the benzene monomers decreases by about 0.5 Å in the first electronic excited state, due to the stronger intermolecular interaction energy, bringing the two monomers closer together. Intermolecular-type conical intersection (CI) geometries can be formed between the two benzene molecules, when (i) both monomer rings show planar deformation and (ii) weaker (approximately 1.6-1.8 Å long) C-C bonds are formed between the two monomers, with parallel and antiparallel orientation with respect to the monomer. These intermolecular-type CIs look energetically more favorable than dimeric CIs containing only one deformed monomer. The validity of the dimer-type CI geometries obtained by SF-TDDFT was confirmed by the CASSCF method. The nudged elastic band method used for finding the optimal relaxation path has confirmed both the accessibility of these intermolecular-type CIs and the possibility of the radiationless deactivation of the electronic excited states through these CI geometries. Although not as energetically favorable as the previous two CI geometries, there are other CI geometries characterized by the relative rotation of monomers at different angles around a vertical C-C axis.
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Kalita P, Medhi B, Singh HK, Bhattacharyya HP, Gupt N, Sarma M. Perturbing π-clouds with Substituents to Study the Effects on Reaction Dynamics of gauche-1,3-Butadiene to Bicyclobutane Electrocyclization. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200727. [PMID: 36281900 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The conical intersection (CI) governs the ultra-fast relaxation of excited states in a radiationless manner and are observed mainly in photochemical processes. In the current work, we investigated the effects of substituents on the reaction dynamics for the conversion of gauche-1,3-butadiene to bicyclobutane via photochemical electrocyclization. We incorporated both electron withdrawing (-F) and donating (-CH3 ) groups in the conjugated system. In our study, we optimized the minimum energy conical intersection (MECI) geometries using the multi-configurational state-averaged CASSCF approach, whereas, to study the ground state reaction pathways for the substituted derivatives, dispersion corrected, B3LYP-D3 functional was used. The non-adiabatic surface hopping molecular dynamics simulations were performed to observe the behaviour of electronic states involved throughout the photoconversion process. The results obtained from the multi-reference second-order perturbation correction of energy at the XMS-CASPT2 level of theory, topography analysis, and non-adiabatic dynamics suggest that the -CH3 substituted derivatives can undergo faster thermal conversion to the product in the ground state with a smaller activation energy barrier compared to -F substituted derivative. Our study also reveals that the GBUT to BIBUT conversion follows both conrotatory and disrotatory pathways, whereas, on substitution with -F or -CH3 , the conversion proceeds via the conrotatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papu Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
| | - Biman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
| | - Haobam Kisan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
| | | | - Nikhil Gupt
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian.,Current Address: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, Indian
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
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46
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Liu T, Chen L, Li X, Cooper AI. Investigating the factors that influence sacrificial hydrogen evolution activity for three structurally-related molecular photocatalysts: thermodynamic driving force, excited-state dynamics, and surface interaction with cocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3494-3501. [PMID: 36637095 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04039e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecular organic photocatalysts for reactions such as water splitting requires consideration of factors that go beyond electronic band gap and thermodynamic driving forces. Here, we carried out a theoretical investigation of three molecular photocatalysts (1-3) that are structurally similar but that show different hydrogen evolution activities (25, 23 & 0 μmol h-1 for 1-3, respectively). We used density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations to evaluate the molecules' optoelectronic properties, such as ionization potential, electron affinity, and exciton potentials, as well as the interaction between the molecular photocatalysts and an idealized platinum cocatalyst surface. The 'static' picture thus obtained was augmented by probing the nonadiabatic dynamics of the molecules beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, revealing a different picture of exciton recombination and relaxation for molecule 3. Our results suggest that slow exciton recombination, fast relaxation to the lowest-energy excited state, and a shorter charge transfer distance between the photocatalyst and the metal cocatalyst are important features that contribute to the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 1 and 2, and may partly rationalize the observed inactivity of 3, in addition to its lower light absorption profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Linjiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
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Boeije Y, Olivucci M. From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2643-2687. [PMID: 36970950 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how ultrafast organic photochemical reactions are controlled by conical intersections, highlighting that decay to the ground-state at multiple points of the intersection space results in their multi-mode character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry Department, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro n. 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Overman Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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48
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Gelfand N, Remacle F, Levine RD. Ultrafast charge migration in the laser induced dynamics of LiH validated by a computation-free isotope effect. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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49
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Kobayashi Y, Leone SR. Characterizing coherences in chemical dynamics with attosecond time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:180901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherence can drive wave-like motion of electrons and nuclei in photoexcited systems, which can yield fast and efficient ways to exert materials’ functionalities beyond the thermodynamic limit. The search for coherent phenomena has been a central topic in chemical physics although their direct characterization is often elusive. Here, we highlight recent advances in time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) to investigate coherent phenomena, especially those that utilize the eminent light source of isolated attosecond pulses. The unparalleled time and state sensitivities of tr-XAS in tandem with the unique element specificity render the method suitable to study valence electronic dynamics in a wide variety of materials. The latest studies have demonstrated the capabilities of tr-XAS to characterize coupled electronic–structural coherence in small molecules and coherent light–matter interactions of core-excited excitons in solids. We address current opportunities and challenges in the exploration of coherent phenomena, with potential applications for energy- and bio-related systems, potential crossings, strongly driven solids, and quantum materials. With the ongoing developments in both theory and light sources, tr-XAS holds great promise for revealing the role of coherences in chemical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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50
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Staab JK, Chilton NF. Analytic Linear Vibronic Coupling Method for First-Principles Spin-Dynamics Calculations in Single-Molecule Magnets. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6588-6599. [PMID: 36269220 PMCID: PMC9648194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate modeling of vibronically driven magnetic relaxation from ab initio calculations is of paramount importance to the design of next-generation single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Previous theoretical studies have been relying on numerical differentiation to obtain spin-phonon couplings in the form of derivatives of spin Hamiltonian parameters. In this work, we introduce a novel approach to obtain these derivatives fully analytically by combining the linear vibronic coupling (LVC) approach with analytic complete active space self-consistent field derivatives and nonadiabatic couplings computed at the equilibrium geometry with a single electronic structure calculation. We apply our analytic approach to the computation of Orbach and Raman relaxation rates for a bis-cyclobutadienyl Dy(III) sandwich complex in the frozen-solution phase, where the solution environment is modeled by electrostatic multipole expansions, and benchmark our findings against results obtained using conventional numerical derivatives and a fully electronic description of the whole system. We demonstrate that our LVC approach exhibits high accuracy over a wide range of coupling strengths and enables significant computational savings due to its analytic, "single-shot" nature. Evidently, this offers great potential for advancing the simulation of a wide range of vibronic coupling phenomena in magnetism and spectroscopy, ultimately aiding the design of high-performance SMMs. Considering different environmental representations, we find that a point charge model shows the best agreement with the reference calculation, including the full electronic environment, but note that the main source of discrepancies observed in the magnetic relaxation rates originates from the approximate equilibrium electronic structure computed using the electrostatic environment models rather than from the couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob K. Staab
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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