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Nacarelli GS, Fasolino T, Davis S. Dietary, macronutrient, micronutrient, and nutrigenetic factors impacting cardiovascular risk markers apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:949-962. [PMID: 37615981 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and dietary factors can impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Two important markers in assessing CVD risk are apolipoprotein (apo) B and apolipoprotein A1 plasma levels. These markers are measured as a ratio, with a high apoB:apoA1 ratio associated with increased CVD risk. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations are the cornerstone of managing primary and secondary CVD risk-mitigation strategies. One way to assess the impact of various dietary and lifestyle interventions on CVD risk is to evaluate the changes in CVD risk markers, such as apoB, apoA1, and apoB:apoA1 ratio. Various human studies have demonstrated the impact of dietary, macronutrient, and micronutrient interventions on apoB and apoA1 status. This review aims to elucidate dietary, macronutrient, micronutrient, and nutrigenetic considerations for impacting apoB and apoA1 levels. A low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat diet, low fiber intake, low vitamin and mineral intake, and zinc and iron deficiency are associated with an elevated apoB:apoA1 ratio. The Mediterranean diet, vegan diet, fermented dairy products, lower sugar intake, higher protein intake, higher polyunsaturated fat intake, and an omega-3-rich diet are associated with a decreased apoB:apoA1 ratio. Micronutrients associated with a decreased apoB:apoA1 ratio include vitamin D sufficiency, increased serum vitamin C, and magnesium. Variants in the APOE, APOA1, and FADS2 genes may alter the apoB:apoA1 ratio in response to various dietary interventions. When accounting for factors that may favorably alter the apoB:apoA1 ratio, researchers should consider a healthy diet sufficient in polyunsaturated fats, vitamins, minerals, trace minerals, and lower excess sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Fasolino
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie Davis
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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2
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Roman S, Campos-Medina L, Leal-Mercado L. Personalized nutrition: the end of the one-diet-fits-all era. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1370595. [PMID: 38854164 PMCID: PMC11157041 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized Nutrition emerged as a new trend for providing nutritional and food advice based on the individual's genetic composition, a field driven by the advancements in the multi-omic sciences throughout the last century. It intends not only to tailor the recommended daily allowances of nutrients and functional foods that a person may need but also to maintain the principles of sustainability and eco-friendliness. This principle implies the implementation of strategies within the healthcare system to advocate for the ending of the one-diet-fits-all paradigm by considering a personalized diet as an ally to prevent diet-related chronic diseases. In this Perspective, we highlight the potential benefits of such a paradigm within the region of Latin America, particularly Mexico, where the genetic admixture of the population, food biodiversity, and food culture provide unique opportunities to establish personalized nutrigenetic strategies. These strategies could play a crucial role in preventing chronic diseases and addressing the challenges confronted in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Campos-Medina
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology in Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Leal-Mercado
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology in Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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3
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Nienaber-Rousseau C. Understanding and applying gene-environment interactions: a guide for nutrition professionals with an emphasis on integration in African research settings. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae015. [PMID: 38442341 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are influenced by the interplay between genetics and environmental exposures, particularly diet. However, many healthcare professionals, including nutritionists and dietitians, have limited genetic background and, therefore, they may lack understanding of gene-environment interactions (GxEs) studies. Even researchers deeply involved in nutrition studies, but with a focus elsewhere, can struggle to interpret, evaluate, and conduct GxE studies. There is an urgent need to study African populations that bear a heavy burden of NCDs, demonstrate unique genetic variability, and have cultural practices resulting in distinctive environmental exposures compared with Europeans or Americans, who are studied more. Although diverse and rapidly changing environments, as well as the high genetic variability of Africans and difference in linkage disequilibrium (ie, certain gene variants are inherited together more often than expected by chance), provide unparalleled potential to investigate the omics fields, only a small percentage of studies come from Africa. Furthermore, research evidence lags behind the practices of companies offering genetic testing for personalized medicine and nutrition. We need to generate more evidence on GxEs that also considers continental African populations to be able to prevent unethical practices and enable tailored treatments. This review aims to introduce nutrition professionals to genetics terms and valid methods to investigate GxEs and their challenges, and proposes ways to improve quality and reproducibility. The review also provides insight into the potential contributions of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics to the healthcare sphere, addresses direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and concludes by offering insights into the field's future, including advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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4
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Bitencourt Brito P, Dalcin Teixeira M, Lehtonen Rodrigues de Souza R, Furtado-Alle L, Viater Tureck L. Olive oil increases the LIPC expression when associated with an Eastern pattern diet: An experimental study with Wistar rats. Gene 2023; 887:147738. [PMID: 37625559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Some nutrigenomic effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are described in the literature; however, it is unknown whether its interaction with lipid-related genes is independent of the combined diet. In this sense, our objective was to investigate whether EVOO consumption associated with Western or Eastern human-based chow modulates the expression of APOE, APOB, and LIPC genes in rats. In view of this, the hypothesis is that the consumption of olive oil may not have the same nutrigenomic effects, depending on the diet consumed. For this study, 56 female rats were randomly divided into four groups: Western diet with EVOO (WS), Western-diet control (WC), Eastern-diet with EVOO (ES), and Eastern-diet control (EC). After 15 weeks, the animals were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate 15% (1.5 mL/kg) and euthanized by guillotining, and adipose tissue, liver, and blood were extracted. Triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose levels were obtained following standard protocols, and relative gene expressions were calculated using the ΔΔCt method after quantitative PCR. The EVOO consumption was associated with LIPC gene expression increase in the liver only in animals fed the Eastern diet, compared to EC and WS animals. The EVOO consumption, combined with the Eastern diet, was associated with decreased triglyceride levels compared to WC. Although final weight and weight gain were similar between groups, WS animals had lower daily energy consumption. Conclusion: Given these results, the authors suggested that the EVOO nutrigenomic effects were restricted to an Eastern human-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Bitencourt Brito
- Polymorphism and Linkage Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Mayza Dalcin Teixeira
- Polymorphism and Linkage Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Polymorphism and Linkage Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Luciane Viater Tureck
- Polymorphism and Linkage Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil.
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Lagoumintzis G, Patrinos GP. Triangulating nutrigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics toward personalized nutrition and healthy living. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:109. [PMID: 38062537 PMCID: PMC10704648 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique physiological and genetic characteristics of individuals influence their reactions to different dietary constituents and nutrients. This notion is the foundation of personalized nutrition. The field of nutrigenetics has witnessed significant progress in understanding the impact of genetic variants on macronutrient and micronutrient levels and the individual's responsiveness to dietary intake. These variants hold significant value in facilitating the development of personalized nutritional interventions, thereby enabling the effective translation from conventional dietary guidelines to genome-guided nutrition. Nevertheless, certain obstacles could impede the extensive implementation of individualized nutrition, which is still in its infancy, such as the polygenic nature of nutrition-related pathologies. Consequently, many disorders are susceptible to the collective influence of multiple genes and environmental interplay, wherein each gene exerts a moderate to modest effect. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that diseases emerge because of the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and external environmental influences. In the context of this specific paradigm, the utilization of advanced "omic" technologies, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis, in conjunction with comprehensive phenotyping, has the potential to unveil hitherto undisclosed hereditary elements and interactions between genes and the environment. This review aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the fundamentals of personalized nutrition, specifically emphasizing the complex triangulation interplay among microbiota, dietary metabolites, and genes. Furthermore, it highlights the intestinal microbiota's unique makeup, its influence on nutrigenomics, and the tailoring of dietary suggestions. Finally, this article provides an overview of genotyping versus microbiomics, focusing on investigating the potential applications of this knowledge in the context of tailored dietary plans that aim to improve human well-being and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lagoumintzis
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - George P Patrinos
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Guevara-Ramírez P, Cadena-Ullauri S, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Paz-Cruz E, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. Genetics, genomics, and diet interactions in obesity in the Latin American environment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1063286. [PMID: 36532520 PMCID: PMC9751379 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that could impact an individual's health; moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared obesity a global epidemic since 1997. In Latin America, in 2016, reports indicated that 24.2% of the adult population was obese. The environmental factor or specific behaviors like dietary intake or physical activity have a vital role in the development of a condition like obesity, but the interaction of genes could contribute to that predisposition. Hence, it is vital to understand the relationship between genes and disease. Indeed, genetics in nutrition studies the genetic variations and their effect on dietary response; while genomics in nutrition studies the role of nutrients in gene expression. The present review represents a compendium of the dietary behaviors in the Latin American environment and the interactions of genes with their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity, including the risk allele frequencies in the Latin American population. Additionally, a bibliographical selection of several studies has been included; these studies examined the impact that dietary patterns in Latin American environments have on the expression of numerous genes involved in obesity-associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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7
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Livingstone KM, Ramos-Lopez O, Pérusse L, Kato H, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Reprint of: Precision nutrition: A review of current approaches and future endeavors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Iizuka K. Is the Use of Artificial Sweeteners Beneficial for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus? The Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Sweeteners. Nutrients 2022; 14:4446. [PMID: 36364710 PMCID: PMC9655943 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners have been developed as substitutes for sugar. Sucralose, acesulfame K (ACE K), aspartame, and saccharin are artificial sweeteners. Previously, artificial sweeteners were thought to be effective in treating obesity and diabetes. Human meta-analyses have reported that artificial sweeteners have no effect on body weight or glycemic control. However, recent studies have shown that artificial sweeteners affect glucose absorption in the intestinal tract as well as insulin and incretin secretion in humans and animals. Moreover, artificial sweeteners alter the composition of the microbiota and worsen the glycemic control owing to changes in the gut microbiota. The early intake of ACE K was also shown to suppress the taste response to sugar. Furthermore, a large cohort study showed that high artificial sweetener intake was associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular risk, coronary artery disease risk, cerebrovascular risk, and cancer risk. The role of artificial sweeteners in the treatment of diabetes and obesity should be reconsidered, and the replacement of sugar with artificial sweeteners in patients will require the long-term tracking of not only intake but also changes in blood glucose and weight as well as future guidance based on gut bacteria data. To utilize the beneficial properties of artificial sweeteners in treatment, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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9
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Livingstone KM, Ramos-Lopez O, Pérusse L, Kato H, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition: A review of current approaches and future endeavors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022; 128:253-264. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
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10
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Livingstone KM, Ramos-Lopez O, Pérusse L, Kato H, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition: A review of current approaches and future endeavors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Liu B, Li H, Niu P, Tao W, Huang F, Wang J, Gao Q. Effects of Different Energy Diets on FSHR mRNA Expression and DNA Methylation in Promoter Region of Duolang Sheep During Diestrus. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:643-656. [PMID: 35793535 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the relationship between the methylation level of the promoter region of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene and the mRNA expression of Duolang sheep fed different energy diets. In this experiment, three groups of diets with different energy levels (dietary nutrient level reference (NY/T816 - 2004)) were designed to obtain medium energy level diets with metabolic energy of 10.88 MJ/d. The treatments with high and low energy levels increased and decreased by 15%, 12.51, and 9.25 MJ/d, respectively, on the basis of medium energy level. Total RNA and genomic DNA were extracted from the ovaries of Duolang sheep, and qPCR was performed. Bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR and sequence alignment were used to detect the relationship between the relative expression level of FSHR and methylation. The results showed that the expression of FSHR in high-energy group and medium-energy group was significantly higher than that in low-energy group (p < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between high-energy group and medium-energy group (p > 0.05). The methylation rate of the target fragment in the promoter region of FSHR gene was 41.67% in the high-energy group, 75.00% in the medium-energy group, and 83.33% in the low-energy group. This study revealed that different dietary energy levels had certain effects on DNA methylation level of FSHR gene and then affected gene expression, and the expression level was negatively correlated with methylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- College of Animal Science, TarimUniversity, Alar, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Xinjiang Urumqi Animal Husbandry and Veterinary General Station, Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Niu
- College of Animal Science, TarimUniversity, Alar, China
| | - Weikun Tao
- College of Animal Science, TarimUniversity, Alar, China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Animal Science, TarimUniversity, Alar, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xinjiang Urumqi Animal Husbandry and Veterinary General Station, Urumqi, China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- College of Animal Science, TarimUniversity, Alar, China.,College of Life Sciences, TarimUniversity, Alar, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
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12
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Jeje SO, Adenawoola M, Abosede C. Gestational Nutrition as a Predisposing Factor to Obesity Onset in Offspring: Role for Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanism. Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:1-7. [PMID: 35947841 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This lifestyle includes the immediate environment, physical activity and nutrition. Maternal nutrition has direct influence on the developmental programming through biochemical alterations and can lead to modifications in the fetal genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Imbalance in basic micro or macro nutrients due to famine or food deficiency during delicate gestational periods can lead to onset of metabolic syndrome including obesity. A major example is the Dutch famine which led to a serious metabolic disorder in adulthood of affected infants. Notably due to gene variants, individualized responses to nutritional deficiencies are unconventional, therefore intensifying the need to study nutritional genomics during fetal programming. Epigenetic mechanisms can cause hereditary changes without changing the DNA sequence; the major mechanisms include small non-coding RNAs, histone modifications and most stable of all is DNA methylation. The significance association between obesity and DNA methylation is through regulation of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism either directly or indirectly by hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Examples include CPT1A, APOA2, ADRB3 and POMC. Any maternal exposure to malnutrition or overnutrition that can affect genes regulating major metabolic pathways in the fetus, will eventually cause underlying changes that can predispose or cause the onset of metabolic disorder in adulthood. In this review, we examined the interaction between nutrition during gestation and epigenetic programming of metabolic syndrome.
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Mir RA, Nazir M, Naik S, Mukhtar S, Ganai BA, Zargar SM. Utilizing the underutilized plant resources for development of life style foods: Putting nutrigenomics to use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:128-138. [PMID: 34998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient amount of minerals, vitamins, and proteins in human diet play indispensable role in maintaining the active metabolism for better human health. All the essential nutrients that are requisite for an individual's survival are acquired from plants as well as animals. Micronutrients and macronutrients directly influence the metabolic pathways and their deficiencies play a substantial role in development of manifold disorders. In addition to environmental factors, quality and quantity of foods are key factors in maintaining the human health. Transition from healthy to diseased state is concurrent with the pattern of gene expression that is largely influenced by nutrition and environment. A combined approach to study the influence of nutrition on expression of numerous genes can be well explored through nutrigenomic studies. Nutrigenomics includes studies wherein applied genomics is used to investigate nutritional science to understand the compartmentalization of genes that influence the cause of diet-related complications. This review describes the role of underutilized crops as frontline foods to circumvent the health complications through the nutrigenomic studies. Further dynamics of nutrigenomic tools to study the impact of nutrition on the changing pattern of genome stability and gene expression for developing precise safety measures against wide range of health ailments linked to metabolic networks. Additionally, this review provides detailed information on nutrigenomic studies undertaken to unravel the potential of underutilized crops to augment the human health and to carry the agronomic/genomic approaches to enhance nutritional profile of underutilized crops to overcome diet-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185131, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Samiullah Naik
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shazia Mukhtar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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14
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Valdés A, Álvarez-Rivera G, Socas-Rodríguez B, Herrero M, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Foodomics: Analytical Opportunities and Challenges. Anal Chem 2022; 94:366-381. [PMID: 34813295 PMCID: PMC8756396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute
of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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15
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Franzago M, Di Nicola M, Fraticelli F, Marchioni M, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetic variants and response to diet/lifestyle intervention in obese subjects: a pilot study. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:69-81. [PMID: 34480216 PMCID: PMC8758637 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nutritional and lifestyle interventions can contribute to prevent and treat obesity and its complications; however, genetic background may influence the success of a therapy. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the effects of the interaction between nutrigenetic variants and nutritional intervention, as well as the changes in clinical parameters and the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and to physical activity, of 18 overweight or obese subjects affected by T2D or dysglycemia included in a nutritional program. METHODS The subjects' clinical parameters as well as their PREDIMED score and physical activity levels were recorded and compared at baseline, at 6 months and at the end of the intervention. Rs9939609 in FTO, rs17782313 near MC4R, rs326 in LPL, rs16147 in NPY, rs2943641 near IRS-1 were genotyped. RESULTS The subjects carrying the A allele in FTO lost less weight (p = 0.022) and had a lower BMI decrease from baseline to 12 months (p-interaction = 0.047) than TT carriers. In addition, there was a significant PREDIMED score modification over time, according to genotypes for FTO rs9939609 (p = 0.025) and NPY rs16147 (p = 0.039), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings show a significant interaction between genetic variants and the PREDIMED score, suggesting that individuals carrying the FTO variant may lose less weight than non-carriers through diet/lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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16
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Evaluation of reproductive traits and the effect of nutrigenetics on bulls submitted to fetal programming. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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De S, Tringham M, Hopia A, Tahvonen R, Pietilä AM, Vähäkangas K. Ethical Aspects of Genotype Disclosure: Perceptions of Participants in a Nutrigenetic Study in Finland. Public Health Genomics 2021; 24:33-43. [PMID: 33486491 DOI: 10.1159/000512640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to gain insight into the understanding of genetics and perceptions on the ethical issues related to genotype disclosure of the participants in a nutrigenetic study. METHODS A close-ended questionnaire was developed based on literature and discussions among the research group members. The questionnaire contained a -total of 33 questions, which were divided into 4 categories - demographics, knowledge assessment, concerns related to participation, and opinions on disclosure of information. Majority of the participants (250 out of 281) of a nutrigenetic study, in which effect of disclosing APOE allele status on lifestyle changes was studied, completed the questionnaire online following the informed consent process. The responses from the knowledge assessment and the concern categories were transformed into knowledge and concern scales, respectively, and analysed by descriptive statistical methods. The statistical associations between the categorical variables were determined using χ2 test of independence. The relationship between the continuous variables was assessed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and internal consistency of questions by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS No correlation was observed between the level of education and knowledge scores. About 10% of the participants thought that the genetic predisposition would be stressful to them and their family members. CONCLUSIONS Careful distribution of information before a nutrigenetic study supports understanding and reduces concerns of genetic susceptibility. In Finland, strong basic education is likely to have strengthened the trust in research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetana De
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Maaria Tringham
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Hopia
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Tahvonen
- Production Systems/Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Pietilä
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Naureen Z, Miggiano GAD, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Gagliardi L, Zulian A, Romanelli R, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the prescription of diets in support of physical activity. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020011. [PMID: 33170161 PMCID: PMC8023120 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the fields of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics today we can think of devising approaches to optimize health, delay onset of diseases and reduce its severity according to our genetic blue print. However this requires a deep understanding of nutritional impact on expression of genes that may result in a specific phenotype. The extensive research and observational studies during last two decades reporting interactions between genes, diet and physical activity suggest a cross talk between various genetic and environmental factors and lifestyle interventions. Although considerable efforts have been made in unraveling the mechanisms of gene-diet interactions the scientific evidences behind developing commercial genetic tests for providing personalized nutrition recommendations are still scarce. In this scenario the current mini-review aims to provide useful insights into salient feature of nutrition based genetic research and its commercial application and the ethical issue and concerns related to its outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | | | - Barbara Aquilanti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Velluti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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19
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D’Angelo S, Motti ML, Meccariello R. ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Obesity and Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092751. [PMID: 32927614 PMCID: PMC7551151 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nutraceutical bioactive compounds in foods have been discovered for their potential health benefits regarding the prevention of chronic disorders, such as cancer, and inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs), including alpha-linolenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, are mostly attractive. They are available for the customers worldwide from commonly used foods and/or as components of commercial food supplements. The anti-inflammatory and hypotriglyceridemic effects of these fatty acids are well known, whereas pro-inflammatory properties have been recognized in their dietary counterparts, the ω-6PUFAs. Both ω-3 and ω-6PUFAs contribute to the production of lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids that are notably involved in control of food intake, energy sensing, and food-related disorders. In this review, we present ω-3 and ω-6PUFAs and their derivatives, endocannabinoids; discuss the anti-obesity effects of ω-3PUFAs; their roles in inflammation and colorectal cancer development; and how their action can be co-preventative and co-therapeutic.
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20
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Ellis A, Rozga M, Braakhuis A, Monnard CR, Robinson K, Sinley R, Wanner A, Vargas AJ. Effect of Incorporating Genetic Testing Results into Nutrition Counseling and Care on Health Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review-Part II. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 121:582-605.e17. [PMID: 32624396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, literature examining implementation of nutritional genomics into clinical practice has increased, including publication of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This systematic review addressed the following question: In children and adults, what is the effect of incorporating results of genetic testing into nutrition counseling and care compared with an alternative intervention or control group, on nutrition-related health outcomes? A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and other databases was conducted for peer-reviewed RCTs published from January 2008 until December 2018. An international workgroup consisting of registered dietitian nutritionists, systematic review methodologists, and evidence analysts screened and reviewed articles, summarized data, conducted meta-analyses, and graded conclusion statements. The second in a two-part series, this article specifically summarizes evidence from RCTs that examined health outcomes (ie, quality of life, disease incidence and prevention of disease progression, or mortality), intermediate health outcomes (ie, anthropometric measures, body composition, or relevant laboratory measures routinely collected in practice), and adverse events as reported by study authors. Analysis of 11 articles from nine RCTs resulted in 16 graded conclusion statements. Among participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a diet tailored to genotype resulted in a greater reduction of percent body fat compared with a customary diet for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, meta-analyses for the outcomes of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and weight yielded null results. Heterogeneity between studies and low certainty of evidence precluded development of strong conclusions about the incorporation of genetic information into nutrition practice. Although there are still relatively few well-designed RCTs to inform integration of genetic information into the Nutrition Care Process, the field of nutritional genomics is evolving rapidly, and gaps in the literature identified by this systematic review can inform future studies.
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21
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Barrea L, Annunziata G, Bordoni L, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Savastano S. Nutrigenetics-personalized nutrition in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:1-13. [PMID: 32714508 PMCID: PMC7371677 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data support the view that both obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for a high proportion of total morbidity and mortality in adults throughout the world. Obesity and CVD have complex interplay mechanisms of genetic and environmental factors, including diet. Nutrition is an environmental factor and it has a predominant and recognizable role in health management and in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases, including CVD. However, there is a marked variation in CVD in patients with obesity and the same dietary pattern. The different genetic polymorphisms could explain this variation, which leads to the emergence of the concept of nutrigenetics. Nutritional genomics or nutrigenetics is the science that studies and characterizes gene variants associated with differential response to specific nutrients and relating this variation to various diseases, such as CVD related to obesity. Thus, the personalized nutrition recommendations, based on the knowledge of an individual's genetic background, might improve the outcomes of a specific dietary intervention and represent a new dietary approach to improve health, reducing obesity and CVD. Given these premises, it is intuitive to suppose that the elucidation of diet and gene interactions could support more specific and effective dietary interventions in both obesity and CVD prevention through personalized nutrition based on nutrigenetics. This review aims to briefly summarize the role of the most important genes associated with obesity and CVD and to clarify the knowledge about the relation between nutrition and gene expression and the role of the main nutrition-related genes in obesity and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - on behalf of Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata Italy
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22
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Franzago M, Santurbano D, Vitacolonna E, Stuppia L. Genes and Diet in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases in Future Generations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072633. [PMID: 32290086 PMCID: PMC7178197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a modifiable key factor that is able to interact with both the genome and epigenome to influence human health and fertility. In particular, specific genetic variants can influence the response to dietary components and nutrient requirements, and conversely, the diet itself is able to modulate gene expression. In this context and the era of precision medicine, nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies offer significant opportunities to improve the prevention of metabolic disturbances, such as Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, even with transgenerational effects. The present review takes into account the interactions between diet, genes and human health, and provides an overview of the role of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetics in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, we focus our attention on the mechanism of intergenerational or transgenerational transmission of the susceptibility to metabolic disturbances, and underline that the reversibility of epigenetic modifications through dietary intervention could counteract perturbations induced by lifestyle and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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23
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Dalfrà MG, Burlina S, Del Vescovo GG, Lapolla A. Genetics and Epigenetics: New Insight on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:602477. [PMID: 33335512 PMCID: PMC7736606 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.602477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy, with a prevalence that has increased significantly in the last decade, coming to affect 12-18% of all pregnancies. GDM is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Following the identification of susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes by means of genome-wide association studies, an association has also been demonstrated between some type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes and GDM, suggesting a partial similarity of the genetic architecture behind the two forms of diabetes. More recent genome-wide association studies, focusing on maternal metabolism during pregnancy, have demonstrated an overlap in the genes associated with metabolic traits in gravid and non-gravid populations, as well as in genes apparently unique to pregnancy. Epigenetic changes-such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA gene silencing-have also been identified in GDM patients. Metabolomics has been used to profile the metabolic state of women during pregnancy, based on the measurement of numerous low-molecular-weight metabolites. Measuring amino acids and conventional metabolites has revealed changes in pregnant women with a higher insulin resistance and high blood glucose levels that resemble the changes seen in non-gravid, insulin-resistant populations. This would suggest similarities in the metabolic profiles typical of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia whether individuals are pregnant or not. Future studies combining data obtained using multiple technologies will enable an integrated systems biology approach to maternal metabolism during a pregnancy complicated by GDM. This review highlights the recent knowledge on the impact of genetics and epigenetics in the pathophysiology of GDM and the maternal and fetal complications associated with this pathology condition.
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24
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Williams MB, Watts SA. Current basis and future directions of zebrafish nutrigenomics. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31890052 PMCID: PMC6935144 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review investigates the current state of nutrigenomics in the zebrafish animal models. The zebrafish animal model has been used extensively in the study of disease onset and progression and associated molecular changes. In this review, we provide a synopsis of nutrigenomics using the zebrafish animal model. Obesity and dyslipidemia studies describe the genomics of dietary-induced obesity in relation to high-fat/high-calorie diets. Inflammation and cardiovascular studies describe dietary effects on the expression of acute inflammatory markers and resulting chronic inflammatory issues including atherosclerosis. We also evaluated the genomic response to bioactive dietary compounds associated with metabolic disorders. Carbohydrate metabolism and β-cell function studies describe the impacts of high-carbohydrate dietary challenges on nutritional programming. We also report tumorigenesis in relation to dietary carcinogen exposure studies that can result in permanent genomic changes. Vitamin and mineral deficiency studies demonstrate transgenerational genomic impacts of micronutrients in the diet and temporal expression changes. Circadian rhythm studies describe the relation between metabolism and natural temporal cycles of gene expression that impacts health. Bone formation studies describe the role of dietary composition that influences bone reabsorption regulation. Finally, this review provides future directions in the use of the zebrafish model for nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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25
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Zhang FH, Yin RX, Yao LM, Yan RQ, Lu L, Su Y. Correlation Between the APOB rs1042034 SNP and Blood Lipid Characteristics of 2 Ethnic Groups in China. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619892088. [PMID: 31833377 PMCID: PMC7019501 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619892088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein (Apo) B gene (APOB) is a susceptible gene for
dyslipidemia. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between
the APOB rs1042034 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid
levels in the Maonan and Han populations. A total of 598 Maonan participants and 609 Han
participants were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length
polymorphism, and the genotypes were also verified by sequencing. There were no
differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the 2 ethnic groups or between
males and females. The levels of triglyceride (TG) in Maonans were higher and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the A allele carriers than the A allele noncarriers;
the A allele carriers in Hans had higher TG levels and lower ApoA1/ApoB ratio than the A
allele noncarriers (P < .05 for all). Subgroup analysis showed that
the A allele carriers in Maonan females had higher TG levels and the A allele carriers in
Han females had higher TG levels and lower ApoA1/ApoB ratio than the A allele noncarriers
(P < .05 for all). In our study populations, there may be ethnicity-
and/or sex-specific associations between the APOB rs1042034 SNP and serum
lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Qin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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26
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De S, Pietilä AM, Iso-Touru T, Hopia A, Tahvonen R, Vähäkangas K. Information Provided to Consumers about Direct-to-Consumer Nutrigenetic Testing. Public Health Genomics 2019; 22:162-173. [PMID: 31779000 DOI: 10.1159/000503977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrigenetic tests are often considered to be less serious compared to other health-related genetic tests, although they share similar ethical concerns. Nutrigenetic tests are mainly available through direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT) and increasing in popularity. OBJECTIVE To analyze the contents of nutrigenetic DTC GT websites with respect to the adequacy of the information provided to support a well-informed decision of purchasing the tests. METHODS The websites of DTC GT companies selling nutrigenetic tests that could be ordered online without involving any healthcare professional, available in English, marketing tests in Europe, the USA, Australia, or Canada, and accessible from Finland were included in the study (n = 38). Quantitative and qualitative content analyses of the websites were carried out with the help of a codebook. RESULTS Of the 38 websites, 8 included a clearly identifiable and easy-to-find information section about genetics. The quality and contents of these sections were often insufficient and/or misleading. Fourteen websites had specific sections discussing the risks related to GT, and on 13 signed informed consent was requested for GT. Furthermore, only 2 of the companies offered any kind of pretest consultation and 13 offered mostly separately charged posttest consultation. The complex structure of the websites made it difficult to find all key information, with many important aspects buried in legal documents, which were challenging to comprehend even for a professional. CONCLUSION The structure of the websites and the amount and quality of the content therein do not support a well-informed decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetana De
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Pietilä
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terhi Iso-Touru
- Production Systems/Animal Genetics, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Anu Hopia
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Tahvonen
- Production Systems/Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,
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27
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Hasan MS, Feugang JM, Liao SF. A Nutrigenomics Approach Using RNA Sequencing Technology to Study Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Agricultural Animals. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz082. [PMID: 31414073 PMCID: PMC6686084 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough understanding of animal gene expression driven by dietary nutrients can be regarded as a bottom line of advanced animal nutrition research. Nutrigenomics (including transcriptomics) studies the effects of dietary nutrients on cellular gene expression and, ultimately, phenotypic changes in living organisms. Transcriptomics can be applied to investigate animal tissue transcriptomes at a defined nutritional state, which can provide a holistic view of intracellular RNA expression. As a novel transcriptomics approach, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology can monitor all gene expressions simultaneously in response to dietary intervention. The principle and history of RNA-Seq are briefly reviewed, and its 3 principal steps are described in this article. Application of RNA-Seq in different areas of animal nutrition research is summarized. Lastly, the application of RNA-Seq in swine science and nutrition is also reviewed. In short, RNA-Seq holds significant potential to be employed for better understanding the nutrient-gene interactions in agricultural animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Shengfa F Liao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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28
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López de Las Hazas MC, Martin-Hernández R, Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Ruiz-Roso MB, Escola-Gil JC, Osada J, Portillo MP, Martinez JA, Navarro MA, Rubió L, Motilva MJ, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Identification and validation of common molecular targets of hydroxytyrosol. Food Funct 2019; 10:4897-4910. [PMID: 31339147 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is involved in healthful activities and is beneficial to lipid metabolism. Many investigations focused on finding tissue-specific targets of HT through the use of different omics approaches such as transcriptomics and proteomics. However, it is not clear which (if any) of the potential molecular targets of HT reported in different studies are concurrently affected in various tissues. Following the bioinformatic analyses of publicly available data from a selection of in vivo studies involving HT-supplementation, we selected differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins common to more than one study, for validation in rodent liver samples from the entire selection. Four miRNAs (miR-802-5p, miR-423-3p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-146b-5p) responded to HT supplementation. Of note, miR-802-5p was commonly regulated in the liver and intestine. Our premise was that, in an organ crucial for lipid metabolism such as the liver, consistent modulation should be found for a specific target of HT even if different doses and duration of HT supplementation were used in vivo. Even though our results show inconsistency regarding differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins across studies, we found Fgf21 and Rora as potential novel targets of HT. Omics approaches should be fine-tuned to better exploit the available databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Araujo Almeida V, Littlejohn P, Cop I, Brown E, Afroze R, Davison KM. Comparison of Nutrigenomics Technology Interface Tools for Consumers and Health Professionals: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Investigation. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e12580. [PMID: 31254340 PMCID: PMC6625748 DOI: 10.2196/12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrigenomics forms the basis
of personalized nutrition by customizing an individual’s dietary
plan based on the integration of life stage, current health status,
and genome information. Some common genes that are included
in nutrition-based multigene test panels include CYP1A2 (rate
of caffeine break down), MTHFR (folate usage),
NOS3 (risk of elevated triglyceride levels related to omega-3
fat intake), and ACE (blood pressure response in related to
sodium intake). The complexity of gene test–based personalized nutrition presents barriers to its implementation. Objective This study aimed to compare a self-driven approach to gene test–based nutrition education versus an integrated practitioner-facilitated method to help develop improved interface tools for personalized nutrition practice. Methods A sequential, explanatory mixed methods investigation of 55 healthy adults (35 to 55 years) was conducted that included (1) a 9-week randomized controlled trial where participants were randomized to receive a standard nutrition-based gene test report (control; n=19) or a practitioner-facilitated personalized nutrition intervention (intervention; n=36) and (2) an interpretative thematic analysis of focus group interview data. Outcome measures included differences in the diet quality score (Healthy Eating Index–Canadian [HEI-C]; proportion [%] of calories from total fat, saturated fat, and sugar; omega 3 fatty acid intake [grams]; sodium intake [milligrams]); as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scale score. Results Of the 55 (55/58 enrolled, 95%) participants who completed the study, most were aged between 40 and 51 years (n=37, 67%), were female (n=41, 75%), and earned a high household income (n=32, 58%). Compared with baseline measures, group differences were found for the percentage of calories from total fat (mean difference [MD]=−5.1%; Wilks lambda (λ)=0.817, F1,53=11.68; P=.001; eta-squared [η²]=0.183) and saturated fat (MD=−1.7%; λ=0.816; F1,53=11.71; P=.001; η²=0.18) as well as HRQoL scores (MD=8.1 points; λ=0.914; F1,53=4.92; P=.03; η²=0.086) compared with week 9 postintervention measures. Interactions of time-by-group assignment were found for sodium intakes (λ=0.846; F1,53=9.47; P=.003; η²=0.15) and HEI-C scores (λ=0.660; F1,53=27.43; P<.001; η²=0.35). An analysis of phenotypic and genotypic information by group assignment found improved total fat (MD=−5%; λ=0.815; F1,51=11.36; P=.001; η²=0.19) and saturated fat (MD=−1.3%; λ=0.822; F1,51=10.86; P=.002; η²=0.18) intakes. Time-by-group interactions were found for sodium (λ=0.844; F3,51=3.09; P=.04; η²=0.16); a post hoc analysis showed pre/post differences for those in the intervention group that did (preintervention mean 3611 mg, 95% CI 3039-4182; postintervention mean 2135 mg, 95% CI 1564-2705) and did not have the gene risk variant (preintervention mean 3722 mg, 95% CI 2949-4496; postintervention mean 2071 mg, 95% CI 1299-2843). Pre- and postdifferences related to the Dietary Reference Intakes showed increases in the proportion of intervention participants within the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges for fat (pre/post mean difference=41.2%; P=.02). Analysis of textual data revealed 3 categories of feedback: (1) translation of nutrition-related gene test information to action; (2) facilitation of eating behavior change, particularly for the macronutrients and sodium; and (3) directives for future personalized nutrition practice. Conclusions Although improvements were observed in both groups, healthy adults appear to derive more health benefits from practitioner-led personalized nutrition interventions. Further work is needed to better facilitate positive changes in micronutrient intakes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03310814; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03310814 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/resprot.9846
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Araujo Almeida
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Paula Littlejohn
- University of British Columbia, Michael Smith Laboratories, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Biology, Health Science Program, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Irene Cop
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Biology, Health Science Program, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Brown
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Biology, Health Science Program, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Fraser Health Authority, Clinical Nutrition, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.,Vancouver General Hospital, Clinical Nutrition, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rimi Afroze
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Biology, Health Science Program, Surrey, BC, Canada.,University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, United States.,Neighborhood House Washington, Tukwila, WA, United States
| | - Karen M Davison
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Biology, Health Science Program, Surrey, BC, Canada.,University of Hawai'i at Manoa, College of Social Sciences, Honolulu, HI, United States
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30
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Alam I, Ali F, Zeb F, Almajwal A, Fatima S, Wu X. Relationship of nutrigenomics and aging: Involvement of DNA methylation. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Franzago M, Fraticelli F, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetics, epigenetics and gestational diabetes: consequences in mother and child. Epigenetics 2019; 14:215-235. [PMID: 30865571 PMCID: PMC6557546 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1582277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic condition during pregnancy and may result in short- and long-term complications for both mother and offspring. The complexity of phenotypic outcomes seems influenced by genetic susceptibility, nutrient-gene interactions and lifestyle interacting with clinical factors. There is strong evidence that not only the adverse genetic background but also the epigenetic modifications in response to nutritional and environmental factors could influence the maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy and the foetal metabolic programming. In this view, the correlation between epigenetic modifications and their transgenerational effects represents a very interesting field of study. The present review gives insight into the role of gene variants and their interactions with nutrients in GDM. In addition, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes and their role in the maternal-foetal transmission of chronic diseases. Overall, the knowledge of epigenetic modifications induced by an adverse intrauterine and perinatal environment could shed light on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of long-term disease development in the offspring and provide useful tools for their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy.,b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy.,c Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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Fujii TMDM, Norde MM, Fisberg RM, Marchioni DML, Rogero MM. Lipid metabolism genetic risk score interacts with the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components to influence the odds for dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional population-based survey in Brazil. Nutr Health 2019; 25:119-126. [PMID: 30834809 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019830844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia can be influenced by genetic and dietary risk factors. AIM This study set out to investigate diet and genetic variations in Brazilian people in a cross-sectional population-based survey and to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a genetic risk score (GRS). METHODS We recruited 228 adults (mean age 36.5 years) who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo (HS-SP), Brazil. Clinical and anthropometric parameters, as well as the interaction between the GRS and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between SNPs in APOA5 (rs662799), APOB (rs693, rs1367117), LDLR (rs688, rs5925) and LIPC (rs2070895, rs1800588) and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a GRS. RESULTS High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were associated with the BHEI-R ( p=0.026; β= -0.183) and with its SoFAAS component (solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars) ( p=0.007; β=0.279). Non-HDL cholesterol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.015; β=0.002) and the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.003; β=0.007). Triacylglycerol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.027; β=0.003); the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.041; β=0.001); and the total protein component ( p=0.013; β=0.032). Significant effects were observed for the interactions between the GRS and both the BHEI-R oils component ( p=0.019) and the SoFAAS component ( p<0.001) on the dyslipidemia risk. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of dietary quality, especially fat quality, together with the lipid metabolism GRS could be a useful tool to manage cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- 1 Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,2 Food Research Center (FoRC), Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil
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Nasir A, Bullo MMH, Ahmed Z, Imtiaz A, Yaqoob E, Jadoon M, Ahmed H, Afreen A, Yaqoob S. Nutrigenomics: Epigenetics and cancer prevention: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1375-1387. [PMID: 30729798 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1571480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to change in lifestyle and food habits, people are more at risk of diet-related diseases and cancers. It is also established that dietary modifications significantly reduce the risk of diseases. Nutrigenomics is relatively fresh discipline, but possess an enormous potential that can apply for prevention and management of certain carcinomas and diseases. This review enables us to generate useful information for scientists and health professionals regarding the role of Nutrigenomics in the prevention of diet and lifestyle-related diseases like cancer. It influences health conditions of individuals and susceptibility of disease by defining the metabolic response and gene expression. Epigenetic modifications can perform a significant role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are the most common epigenetic mechanisms. Omega 3 fatty acids are the best example of nutrients and gene interaction not involving DNA methylation while certain bioactive food compounds have a proven role in cancer prevention through an epigenetic mechanism. Dietary polyphenols substantially take part in prevention of oral, breast, skin, esophageal, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and lung cancers. Moreover, minerals and vitamins involve regulatory processes. Zinc, Selenium and folate involve in DNA repairing process have anticancer properties. Consumption of multivitamins prevents methylation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Nasir
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Maroof international Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mir M Hassan Bullo
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Federal General Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Eesha Yaqoob
- Department of Social Sciences, Peer Mehar Ali shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mahpara Jadoon
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Afreen
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- College of food science and engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Božina T, Lovrić J, Šimičević L, Merkler A, Božina M, Jelaković B, Sertić J. Can the choice of diet undermine the potential genetic risk of AT1R 1166A>C gene polymorphism? Gene 2018; 679:291-296. [PMID: 30205174 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene 1166A>C polymorphism is strongly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and predicts the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is little information about the gene-diet interactions associated with MetS. This investigation examined the interaction between dietary patterns and AT1R polymorphism in relation to development risk of MetS. METHODS A prospective, non-interventional, case-control study included 265 MetS patients and 262 healthy controls in an adult population from Croatia. Collected data included clinical variables, type of diet (Mediterranean, continental and mixed), biochemical tests and AT1R genotyping. AT1R 1166A>C genotyping was performed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. To examine gene-diet interactions, a total predictive model was built using a hierarchical backward elimination approach. RESULTS Participants on Continental-diet were nearly 20 times more likely to have MetS than those on Mediterranean or mixed diet (OR = 19.96; 95% CI 10.44-38.18). In multivariate prediction, control subjects with AT1R 1166AC or CC genotype had a higher risk for high triglycerides compared to the AA genotype carriers. 1166AC or CC genotype carriers more often chose Mediterranean or mixed-diet versus 1166AA genotype carriers whose choice often was continental diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first to suggest the possibility that the choice of diet can undermine the potential genetic risk of the AT1R polymorphism as polymorphism carriers may spontaneously choose the Mediterranean-diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Božina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - J Lovrić
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Šimičević
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Merkler
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Božina
- Belupo, I. Savica 36, P.P. 62, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Jelaković
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Division of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Sertić
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kintiraki E, Goulis DG. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Multi-disciplinary treatment approaches. Metabolism 2018; 86:91-101. [PMID: 29627447 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disease of pregnancy, associated with several perinatal complications. Adequate glycemic control has been proved to decrease risk of GDM-related complications. Several studies have shown the beneficial effect of exercise and medical nutrition treatment on glycemic and weight control in GDM-affected women. Moreover, pharmacological agents, such as insulin and specific oral anti-diabetic agents can be prescribed safely during pregnancy, decreasing maternal blood glucose and, thus, perinatal adverse outcomes. Multi-disciplinary treatment approaches that include both lifestyle modifications (medical nutritional therapy and daily physical exercise) and pharmacological treatment, in cases of failure of the former, constitute the most effective approach. Insulin is the gold standard pharmacological agent for GDM treatment. Metformin and glyburide are two oral anti-diabetic agents that could serve as alternative, although not equal in terms of effectiveness and safety, treatment for GDM. As studies on short-term safety of metformin are reassuring, in some countries it is considered as first-line treatment for GDM management. More studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects on offspring. As safety issues have been raised on the use of glyburide during pregnancy, it must be used only when benefits surpass possible risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kintiraki
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Littlejohn P, Cop I, Brown E, Afroze R, Davison KM. Comparison of Nutrigenomics Technology Interface Tools for Consumers and Health Professionals: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e115. [PMID: 29891470 PMCID: PMC6018240 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although nutrition interventions are a widely accepted resource for the prevention of long-term health conditions, current approaches have not adequately reduced chronic disease morbidity. Nutrigenomics has great potential; however, it is complicated to implement. There is a need for products based on nutrition-related gene test results that are easily understood, accessible, and used. Objective The primary objective of this study was to compare a nonpractitioner-assisted direct-to-consumer self-driven approach to nutrigenomics versus an integrated and personalized practitioner-led method. Methods This 4-month study used a mixed-methods design that included (1) a phase 1 randomized controlled trial that examined the effectiveness of a multifaceted, nutrition-based gene test (components assessed included major nutrients, food tolerances, food taste and preferences, and micronutrients) in changing health behaviors, followed by (2) a qualitative investigation that explored participants’ experiences. The study recruited 55 healthy males and females (aged 35-55 years) randomized as a 2:1 ratio where 36 received the intervention (gene test results plus integrated and personalized nutrition report) and 19 were assigned to the control group (gene test results report emailed). The primary outcomes of interest measures included changes in diet (nutrients, healthy eating index), changes in measures on General Self-efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life scales, and anthropometrics (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio) measured at baseline, post intervention (3 and 6 weeks), and the final visit (week 9 post intervention). Results Of the 478 individuals who expressed interest, 180 were invited (37.7%, 180/478) and completed the eligibility screening questionnaire; 73 of the 180 invited individuals (40.5%) were deemed eligible. Of the 73 individuals who were deemed to be eligible, 58 completed the baseline health questionnaire and food records (79%). Of these 58 individuals, 3 were excluded either because they did not complete all required data collection forms or were later found to be ineligible. The final sample (n=55) was mostly female (75%), married (85%), and those who had completed postsecondary education (62%). Conclusions This study will leverage quantitative and qualitative findings, which will guide the development of nutrigenomics-based products in electronic formats that are user-friendly for consumers and health professionals. Although the quantitative data have not been analyzed yet, the overwhelming interest in the study and the extremely high retention rate show that there is a great degree of interest in this field. Given this interest and the fact that nutrigenomics is an evolving science, a need for continued research exists to further the understanding of the role of genetic variation and its role and applications in nutrition practice. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03310814; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03310814 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yGnU5deB) Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/9846
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Littlejohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Health Science, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Irene Cop
- Health Science, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Brown
- Health Science, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rimi Afroze
- Health Science, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Karen M Davison
- Health Science, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Guasch-Ferré M, Dashti HS, Merino J. Nutritional Genomics and Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: An Overview. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:128-135. [PMID: 29659694 PMCID: PMC5916428 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence in polygenic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes, observed over the past few decades is more likely linked to a rapid transition in lifestyle rather than to changes in the sequence of the nuclear genome. In the new era of precision medicine, nutritional genomics holds the promise to be translated into tailored nutritional strategies to prevent and manage polygenic diseases more effectively. Nutritional genomics aims to prevent, treat, and manage polygenic diseases through targeted therapies formulated from individuals' genetic makeup and dietary intake. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) has become commercially available to equip individuals with information on their genetic vulnerability to different diseases. This information may potentially prompt behavioral changes against adverse factors. However, scientific evidence behind the clinical recommendations is a matter of continuous debate, and behavioral modifications after disclosing genetic information remain inconclusive. In this review, we provide an overview of nutritional genomics and related nutritional DTC-GT services and discuss whether available data are sufficient to be translated into clinical recommendations and public health initiatives. Overall, the scientific evidence supporting the dissemination of genomic information for nutrigenomic purposes remains sparse. Therefore, additional knowledge needs to be generated, particularly for polygenic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordi Merino
- Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Center for Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA,Address correspondence to JM (e-mail: )
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Savoca MR, Steffen LM, Bertoni AG, Wagenknecht LE. From Neighborhood to Genome: Three Decades of Nutrition-Related Research from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017; 117:1881-1886.e10. [PMID: 29173346 PMCID: PMC5727900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For 30 years, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study has examined the etiology and progression of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic diseases.1 This research has evaluated variation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in relation to age, race, gender, location and lifestyle factors, including diet. In this commentary, we describe ARIC research that illustrates an expanded view of the relationship between diet and health and suggest ways that future cohort studies may influence the direction of nutrition and dietetics practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Savoca
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, Phone: 336-713-1395, Fax: 336-713-4300,
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S. 2nd Street Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, Phone: 612-625-9307, Fax: 612-624-0315,
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Director of Research, Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, Phone: 336-713-, Fax: 336-713-4300,
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, Phone: Phone: 336-716-7652, Fax: 336-716-6427,
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Nicoletti CF, Cortes-Oliveira C, Pinhel MAS, Nonino CB. Bariatric Surgery and Precision Nutrition. Nutrients 2017; 9:E974. [PMID: 28878180 PMCID: PMC5622734 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a literature overview of new findings relating nutritional genomics and bariatric surgery. It also describes the importance of nutritional genomics concepts in personalized bariatric management. It includes a discussion of the potential role bariatric surgery plays in altering the three pillars of nutritional genomics: nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, and epigenetics. We present studies that show the effect of each patient's genetic and epigenetic variables on the response to surgical weight loss treatment. We include investigations that demonstrate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with obesity phenotypes and their influence on weight loss after bariatric surgery. We also present reports on how significant weight loss induced by bariatric surgery impacts telomere length, and we discuss studies on the existence of an epigenetic signature associated with surgery outcomes and specific gene methylation profile, which may help to predict weight loss after a surgical procedure. Finally, we show articles which evidence that bariatric surgery may affect expression of numerous genes involved in different metabolic pathways and consequently induce functional and taxonomic changes in gut microbial communities. The role nutritional genomics plays in responses to weight loss after bariatric surgery is evident. Better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in this process is necessary for successful weight management and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Cristiana Cortes-Oliveira
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcela A S Pinhel
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
- Molecular Biology Department, São Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Carla B Nonino
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Allayee H, Chmurzynska A, Choi MS, Curi R, De Caterina R, Ferguson LR, Goni L, Kang JX, Kohlmeier M, Marti A, Moreno LA, Pérusse L, Prasad C, Qi L, Reifen R, Riezu-Boj JI, San-Cristobal R, Santos JL, Martínez JA. Guide for Current Nutrigenetic, Nutrigenomic, and Nutriepigenetic Approaches for Precision Nutrition Involving the Prevention and Management of Chronic Diseases Associated with Obesity. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2017; 10:43-62. [PMID: 28689206 DOI: 10.1159/000477729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including obesity, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries. The adverse impacts of obesity and associated comorbidities on health remain a major concern due to the lack of effective interventions for prevention and management. Precision nutrition is an emerging therapeutic approach that takes into account an individual's genetic and epigenetic information, as well as age, gender, or particular physiopathological status. Advances in genomic sciences are contributing to a better understanding of the role of genetic variants and epigenetic signatures as well as gene expression patterns in the development of diverse chronic conditions, and how they may modify therapeutic responses. This knowledge has led to the search for genetic and epigenetic biomarkers to predict the risk of developing chronic diseases and personalizing their prevention and treatment. Additionally, original nutritional interventions based on nutrients and bioactive dietary compounds that can modify epigenetic marks and gene expression have been implemented. Although caution must be exercised, these scientific insights are paving the way for the design of innovative strategies for the control of chronic diseases accompanying obesity. This document provides a number of examples of the huge potential of understanding nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and nutriepigenetic roles in precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Targeting the pains of food insecurity and malnutrition among internally displaced persons with nutrient synergy and analgesics in organ meat. Food Res Int 2016; 104:48-58. [PMID: 29433783 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Living with pain is one of the distressing effects of food insecurity and malnutrition among millions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide. Vulnerability to emotional pain, metabolic imbalance, chronic illnesses and non-communicable diseases by IDPs are associated with stressed livelihood and restricted access to balanced diets in their camps. Tackling the complexity of issues related to internal displacement is challenging as 45% are globally trapped in protracted conditions. In this review, a diet-based intervention is proposed considering the potential benefits of nutrient synergy and analgesic constituents in organ meat. Providing an affordable, value added and well packaged nutrient dense diet is suggested to meet daily protein and micronutrient requirements from organ meat. Also, unlocking health-promoting bioactive substances and analgesics in restructured organ meat product is proposed as personalized dietary remedy to exert opioid bioactivity in food matrix. Exploiting the nutrient synergy of this animal by-product will not only improve the nutritional status or wellbeing but also raise the composite score of dietary diversity or food security index among IDPs by 2030.
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Schiessel DL, Yamazaki RK, Kryczyk M, Coelho de Castro I, Yamaguchi AA, Pequito DCT, Brito GAP, Borghetti G, Aikawa J, Nunes EA, Naliwaiko K, Fernandes LC. Does Oil Rich in Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid Cause the Same Immune Modulation as Fish Oil in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats? Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1369-1380. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Vargas Hernández JE. Nutrigenómica humana: efectos de los alimentos o sus componentes sobre la expresión RNA. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v64n2.51080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Los resultados del proyecto del genoma humano fueron el punto de partida de grandes avances técnicos, metodológicos y conceptuales en la ciencia de la genética. Hoy en día es claro que el DNA es una molécula compleja que presenta diversas interacciones dinámicas consigo misma y con otros componentes del entorno celular. Asimismo, se sabe que el RNA es una molécula fundamental para el entendimiento de las características del organismo y de la respuesta de este a los estímulos del medioambiente. Además, los mecanismos epigenéticos conjugan todos los eventos moleculares que determinan cuáles serán los rasgos —anatómicos, fisiológicos, metabólicos, etc.— particulares de una entidad biológica definida. Todos los aspectos mencionados antes ofrecen la oportunidad de estudiar el conjunto de interacciones existentes entre el genoma y la dieta, lo cual es muy relevante dado que la ingesta de alimentos —o de los componentes contenidos o derivados de los mismos— es uno de los factores del entorno más importantes a los que está expuesto un individuo a lo largo de su vida, puesto que es capaz de condicionar positiva o negativamente el estado de salud. El presente artículo tiene el propósito de dar un panorama general de los aspectos básicos que integran el concepto nutrigénomica y proporcionar un estado del arte actualizado de algunos de los estudios realizados en este campo in vivo en humanos.</p>
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Ferguson LR, De Caterina R, Görman U, Allayee H, Kohlmeier M, Prasad C, Choi MS, Curi R, de Luis DA, Gil Á, Kang JX, Martin RL, Milagro FI, Nicoletti CF, Nonino CB, Ordovas JM, Parslow VR, Portillo MP, Santos JL, Serhan CN, Simopoulos AP, Velázquez-Arellano A, Zulet MA, Martinez JA. Guide and Position of the International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics on Personalised Nutrition: Part 1 - Fields of Precision Nutrition. Lifestyle Genom 2016; 9:12-27. [DOI: 10.1159/000445350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Goni L, Cuervo M, Milagro FI, Martínez JA. Future Perspectives of Personalized Weight Loss Interventions Based on Nutrigenetic, Epigenetic, and Metagenomic Data. J Nutr 2015; 146:905S-912S. [PMID: 26962191 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.218354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As obesity has become a major global public health challenge, a large number of studies have analyzed different strategies aimed at inducing a negative energy balance and, consequently, body weight loss. However, most existing weight loss programs are generally unsuccessful, so several interventions have been carried out to identify physiologic and behavioral factors concerning this variability in order to implement more personalized treatment. Nowadays, an individualized approach is being proposed through so-called personalized nutrition, whereby not only the phenotype but also the genotype is used for customized nutrition treatment. Regarding body weight regulation, ∼70 polymorphisms have been identified in or near genes related to energy expenditure, appetite, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism. Although personalized nutrition refers mainly to genetic makeup, recent advances in the investigation of the epigenome and the microbiome open the door to implement more personalized recommendations for body weight management. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of several epigenetic markers that may modify gene expression and could be involved in the outcome of weight loss interventions. Moreover, different studies have shown that dietary interventions could affect the composition of gut microbiota and have an impact on body weight. The integration of nutrigenetic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may lead to the design of more personalized dietary treatments to prevent chronic diseases and to optimize the individual's response to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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47
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Goni L, Milagro FI, Cuervo M, Martínez JA. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and DNA methylation markers associated with central obesity and regulation of body weight. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:673-90. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
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A genetic variant of PPARA modulates cardiovascular risk biomarkers after milk consumption. Nutrition 2014; 30:1144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schwartz B. New criteria for supplementation of selected micronutrients in the era of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:529-38. [PMID: 24625102 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.898258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology, emergence of novel techniques and huge amount of information generated in the post-Human Genome Project era have fostered the emergence of new disciplines in the field of nutritional research: Nutrigenomics deals with the effect of diet on gene expression whereas nutrigenetics refers to the impact of inherited traits on the response to a specific dietary pattern, functional food or supplement. Understanding the role of micronutrient supplementation with specific genetic backgrounds may provide an important contribution to a new optimum health strategy based on individualized nutritional treatment and may provide the strategies for the development of safer and more effective dietary interventions. This overview of the various aspects of supplementation of micronutrients in the era of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics may provide a better understanding of novel nutritional research approach and provide an additional insight that can be applied to the daily dietary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Schwartz
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
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50
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Camp KM, Trujillo E. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: nutritional genomics. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:299-312. [PMID: 24439821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that nutritional genomics provides insight into how diet and genotype interactions affect phenotype. The practical application of nutritional genomics for complex chronic disease is an emerging science and the use of nutrigenetic testing to provide dietary advice is not ready for routine dietetics practice. Registered dietitian nutritionists need basic competency in genetics as a foundation for understanding nutritional genomics; proficiency requires advanced knowledge and skills. Unlike single-gene defects in which a mutation in a single gene results in a specific disorder, most chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer are multigenetic and multifactorial and therefore genetic mutations are only partially predictive of disease risk. Family history, biochemical parameters, and the presence of risk factors in individuals are relevant tools for personalizing dietary interventions. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing is not closely regulated in the United States and may not be accompanied by access to health care practitioners. Applying nutritional genomics in clinical practice through the use of genetic testing requires that registered dietitian nutritionists understand, interpret, and communicate complex test results in which the actual risk of developing a disease may not be known. The practical application of nutritional genomics in dietetics practice will require an evidence-based approach to validate that personalized recommendations result in health benefits to individuals and do not cause harm.
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