1
|
Cagol A, Tsagkas C, Granziera C. Advanced Brain Imaging in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2024; 34:335-357. [PMID: 38942520 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, advances in neuroimaging have profoundly transformed our comprehension of central nervous system demyelinating diseases. Remarkable technological progress has enabled the integration of cutting-edge acquisition and postprocessing techniques, proving instrumental in characterizing subtle focal changes, diffuse microstructural alterations, and macroscopic pathologic processes. This review delves into state-of-the-art modalities applied to multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Furthermore, it explores how this dynamic landscape holds significant promise for the development of effective and personalized clinical management strategies, encompassing support for differential diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring treatment response, and patient stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cagol
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167b, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 2, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via A. Pastore, 1 16132 Genova, Italy. https://twitter.com/CagolAlessandr0
| | - Charidimos Tsagkas
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167b, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167b, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 2, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ananthavarathan P, Sahi N, Chard DT. An update on the role of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting and monitoring multiple sclerosis progression. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:201-216. [PMID: 38235594 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2304116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is established in diagnosing and monitoring disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), its utility in predicting and monitoring disease progression is less clear. AREAS COVERED The authors consider changing concepts in the phenotypic classification of MS, including progression independent of relapses; pathological processes underpinning progression; advances in MRI measures to assess them; how well MRI features explain and predict clinical outcomes, including models that assess disease effects on neural networks, and the potential role for machine learning. EXPERT OPINION Relapsing-remitting and progressive MS have evolved from being viewed as mutually exclusive to having considerable overlap. Progression is likely the consequence of several pathological elements, each important in building more holistic prognostic models beyond conventional phenotypes. MRI is well placed to assess pathogenic processes underpinning progression, but we need to bridge the gap between MRI measures and clinical outcomes. Mapping pathological effects on specific neural networks may help and machine learning methods may be able to optimize predictive markers while identifying new, or previously overlooked, clinically relevant features. The ever-increasing ability to measure features on MRI raises the dilemma of what to measure and when, and the challenge of translating research methods into clinically useable tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piriyankan Ananthavarathan
- Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, London, UK
| | - Nitin Sahi
- Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, London, UK
| | - Declan T Chard
- Clinical Research Associate & Consultant Neurologist, Institute of Neurology - Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brown RB. Myopia, Sodium Chloride, and Vitreous Fluid Imbalance: A Nutritional Epidemiology Perspective. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:29-40. [PMID: 38390916 PMCID: PMC10885086 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Theories of myopia etiology based on near work and lack of outdoor exposure have had inconsistent support and have not prevented the rising prevalence of global myopia. New scientific theories in the cause and prevention of myopia are needed. Myopia prevalence is low in native people consuming traditional diets lacking in sodium chloride, and nutritional epidemiological evidence supports the association of rising myopia prevalence with dietary sodium intake. East Asian populations have among the highest rates of myopia associated with high dietary sodium. Similar associations of sodium and rising myopia prevalence were observed in the United States in the late 20th century. The present perspective synthesizes nutritional epidemiology evidence with pathophysiological concepts and proposes that axial myopia occurs from increased fluid retention in the vitreous of the eye, induced by dietary sodium chloride intake. Salt disturbs ionic permeability of retinal membranes, increases the osmotic gradient flow of fluid into the vitreous, and stretches ocular tissue during axial elongation. Based on the present nutritional epidemiology evidence, experimental research should investigate the effect of sodium chloride as the cause of myopia, and clinical research should test a very low-salt diet in myopia correction and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilferth T, Mennecke A, Huhn K, Uder M, Doerfler A, Schmidt M, Nagel AM. Influence of Residual Quadrupolar Interaction on Quantitative Sodium Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Invest Radiol 2023; 58:730-739. [PMID: 37185832 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of residual quadrupolar interaction on the determination of human brain apparent tissue sodium concentrations (aTSCs) using quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging ( 23 Na MRI) in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Especially, it was investigated if the more detailed examination of residual quadrupolar interaction effects enables further analysis of the observed 23 Na MRI signal increase in MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 23 Na MRI with a 7 T MR system was performed on 21 HC and 50 MS patients covering all MS subtypes (25 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, 14 patients with secondary progressive MS, and 11 patients with primary progressive MS) using 2 different 23 Na pulse sequences for quantification: a commonly used standard sequence (aTSC Std ) as well as a sequence with shorter excitation pulse length and lower flip angle for minimizing signal loss resulting from residual quadrupolar interactions (aTSC SP ). Apparent tissue sodium concentration was determined using the same postprocessing pipeline including correction of the receive profile of the radiofrequency coil, partial volume correction, and relaxation correction. Spin dynamic simulations of spin-3/2 nuclei were performed to aid in the understanding of the measurement results and to get deeper insight in the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of HC and all MS subtypes, the aTSC SP values were approximately 20% higher than the aTSC Std values ( P < 0.001). In addition, the ratio aTSC SP /aTSC Std was significantly higher in NAWM than in normal-appearing gray matter (NAGM) for all subject cohorts ( P < 0.002). In NAWM, aTSC Std values were significantly higher in primary progressive MS compared with HC ( P = 0.01) as well as relapsing-remitting MS ( P = 0.03). However, in contrast, no significant differences between the subject cohorts were found for aTSC SP . Spin simulations assuming the occurrence of residual quadrupolar interaction in NAWM were in good accordance with the measurement results, in particular, the ratio aTSC SP /aTSC Std in NAWM and NAGM. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that residual quadrupolar interactions in white matter regions of the human brain have an influence on aTSC quantification and therefore must be considered, especially in pathologies with expected microstructural changes such as loss of myelin in MS. Furthermore, the more detailed examination of residual quadrupolar interactions may lead to a better understanding of the pathologies themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin Y, Song Y, Jia Y, Xia J, Bai R, Kong X. Sodium Dynamics in the Cellular Environment. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10522-10532. [PMID: 37104830 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ions are essential for the functions of biological cells, and they are maintained at the balance between intra- and extracellular environments. The quantitative assessment of intra- and extracellular sodium as well as its dynamics can provide crucial physiological information on a living system. 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful and noninvasive technique to probe the local environment and dynamics of sodium ions. However, due to the complex relaxation behavior of the quadrupolar nucleus in the intermediate-motion regime and because of the heterogeneous compartments and diverse molecular interactions in the cellular environment, the understanding of the 23Na NMR signal in biological systems is still at the early stage. In this work, we characterize the relaxation and diffusion of sodium ions in the solutions of proteins and polysaccharides, as well as in the in vitro samples of living cells. The multi-exponential behavior of 23Na transverse relaxation has been analyzed according to the relaxation theory to derive the crucial information related to the ionic dynamics and molecular binding in the solutions. The bi-compartment model of transverse relaxation and diffusion measurements can corroborate each other to quantify the fractions of intra- and extracellular sodium. We show that 23Na relaxation and diffusion can be used to monitor the viability of human cells, which offers versatile NMR metrics for in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yinhang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Juntao Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruiliang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029 Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruck L, Mennecke A, Wilferth T, Lachner S, Müller M, Egger N, Doerfler A, Uder M, Nagel AM. Influence of image contrasts and reconstruction methods on the classification of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in simulated sodium magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1102-1116. [PMID: 36373186 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the classifiability of small multiple sclerosis (MS)-like lesions in simulated sodium (23 Na) MRI for different 23 Na MRI contrasts and reconstruction methods. METHODS 23 Na MRI and 23 Na inversion recovery (IR) MRI of a phantom and simulated brain with and without lesions of different volumes (V = 1.3-38.2 nominal voxels) were simulated 100 times by adding Gaussian noise matching the SNR of real 3T measurements. Each simulation was reconstructed with four different reconstruction methods (Gridding without and with Hamming filter, Compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction without and with anatomical 1 H prior information). Based on the mean signals within the lesion volumes of simulations with and without lesions, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were determined and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the classifiability for each lesion volume. RESULTS Lesions show higher classifiability in 23 Na MRI than in 23 Na IR MRI. For typical parameters and SNR of a 3T scan, the voxel normed minimal classifiable lesion volume (AUC > 0.9) is 2.8 voxels for 23 Na MRI and 19 voxels for 23 Na IR MRI, respectively. In terms of classifiability, Gridding with Hamming filter and CS without anatomical 1 H prior outperform CS reconstruction with anatomical 1 H prior. CONCLUSION Reliability of lesion classifiability strongly depends on the lesion volume and the 23 Na MRI contrast. Additional incorporation of 1 H prior information in the CS reconstruction was not beneficial for the classification of small MS-like lesions in 23 Na MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Ruck
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Wilferth
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lachner
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Müller
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nico Egger
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Variability by region and method in human brain sodium concentrations estimated by 23Na magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3222. [PMID: 36828873 PMCID: PMC9957999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium imaging (23Na-MRI) is of interest in neurological conditions given potential sensitivity to the physiological and metabolic status of tissues. Benchmarks have so far been restricted to parenchyma or grey/white matter (GM/WM). We investigate (1) the availability of evidence, (2) regional pooled estimates and (3) variability attributable to region/methodology. MEDLINE literature search for tissue sodium concentration (TSC) measured in specified 'healthy' brain regions returned 127 reports, plus 278 retrieved from bibliographies. 28 studies met inclusion criteria, including 400 individuals. Reporting variability led to nested data structure, so we used multilevel meta-analysis and a random effects model to pool effect sizes. The pooled mean from 141 TSC estimates was 40.51 mM (95% CI 37.59-43.44; p < 0.001, I2Total=99.4%). Tissue as a moderator was significant (F214 = 65.34, p-val < .01). Six sub-regional pooled means with requisite statistical power were derived. We were unable to consider most methodological and demographic factors sought because of non-reporting, but each factor included beyond tissue improved model fit. Significant residual heterogeneity remained. The current estimates provide an empirical point of departure for better understanding in 23Na-MRI. Improving on current estimates supports: (1) larger, more representative data collection/sharing, including (2) regional data, and (3) agreement on full reporting standards.
Collapse
|
8
|
Adlung A, Licht C, Reichert S, Özdemir S, Mohamed SA, Samartzi M, Fatar M, Gass A, Prost EN, Schad LR. Quantification of tissue sodium concentration in the ischemic stroke: A comparison between external and internal references for 23Na MRI. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 382:109721. [PMID: 36202191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Adlung
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Christian Licht
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Simon Reichert
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Safa Özdemir
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sherif A Mohamed
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melina Samartzi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marc Fatar
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Achim Gass
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Eva Neumaier Prost
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wilferth T, Mennecke A, Gast LV, Lachner S, Müller M, Rothhammer V, Huhn K, Uder M, Doerfler A, Nagel AM, Schmidt M. Quantitative 7T sodium magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain using a 32-channel phased-array head coil: Application to patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4806. [PMID: 35892310 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apparent tissue sodium concentrations (aTSCs) determined by 23 Na brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have the potential to serve as a biomarker in pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the quantification is hindered by the intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio of 23 Na MRI. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy and reliability of quantitative 23 Na brain MRI by implementing a dedicated postprocessing pipeline and to evaluate the applicability of the developed approach for the examination of MS patients. 23 Na brain MRI measurements of 13 healthy volunteers and 17 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) were performed at 7 T using a dual-tuned 23 Na/1 H birdcage coil with a receive-only 32-channel phased array. The aTSC values were determined for normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and normal appearing gray matter (NAGM) in healthy subjects and SPMS patients. Signal intensities were normalized using the mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium concentration determined in 37 separate patients receiving a spinal tap for routine diagnostic purposes. Five volunteers underwent MRI examinations three times in a row to assess repeatability. Coefficients of variation (CoVs) were used to quantify the repeatability of the proposed method. aTSC values were compared regarding brain regions and subject cohort using the paired-samples Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Laboratory CSF sodium concentration did not differ significantly between patients without and with MS (p = 0.42). The proposed quantification workflow for 23 Na MRI was highly repeatable with CoVs averaged over all five volunteers of 1.9% ± 0.9% for NAWM and 2.2% ± 1.6% for NAGM. Average NAWM aTSC was significantly higher in patients with SPMS compared with the control group (p = 0.009). Average NAGM aTSC did not differ significantly between healthy volunteers and MS patients (p = 0.98). The proposed postprocessing pipeline shows high repeatability and the results can serve as a baseline for further studies establishing 23 Na brain MRI as a biomarker in diseases such as MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wilferth
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena V Gast
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lachner
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Müller
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmidt
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Merugumala S, Lin AP. A uniformity correction method to reduce scan time for 7T sodium imaging of brain tumors. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:1062-1069. [PMID: 35989449 PMCID: PMC9649857 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sodium imaging shows great potential for the characterization of brain tumors. Intensity correction is required but the additional scan time is costly. Recent developments can halve the time but were optimized in normal brains and may not be applicable in brain tumor imaging. We aim to develop an individualized uniformity correction for sodium imaging optimized for brain tumor patients that reduces scan time but provides high-resolution images for clinical practice. METHODS Two-, 4-, and 6-mm iso-cubic voxel resolution birdcage coil images were used to calculate the 2-mm iso-cubic voxel individual sensitivity maps in healthy subjects (n = 3). Cut profiles were compared to determine the optimal approach. In addition, a 3-dimensional phantom was developed to test a generalized uniformity correction approach in both healthy subjects (n = 3) and tumor patients (n = 3). RESULTS The cut profiles showed that the average correlation coefficient between 2- and 4-mm birdcage image correction results was r = .9937, and r = .9876 for 2- and 6-mm birdcage images. The correlation result between individual map correction and phantom map correction was r = .9817. CONCLUSION The 4 mm birdcage coil image provided the optimal approach for both as a compromise between the time-savings effect and image quality. This method allows for a 2-mm iso-cubic voxel resolution clinical sodium scan within 12 minutes. We also presented prescanned phantom sensitivity map results, which were designed to cover all patient head sizes. This approach provides an alternative solution in more time-sensitive cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kim
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sai Merugumala
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Peter Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Azilinon M, Makhalova J, Zaaraoui W, Medina Villalon S, Viout P, Roussel T, El Mendili MM, Ridley B, Ranjeva J, Bartolomei F, Jirsa V, Guye M. Combining sodium MRI, proton MR spectroscopic imaging, and intracerebral EEG in epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:825-840. [PMID: 36217746 PMCID: PMC9842896 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole brain ionic and metabolic imaging has potential as a powerful tool for the characterization of brain diseases. We combined sodium MRI (23 Na MRI) and 1 H-MR Spectroscopic Imaging (1 H-MRSI), assessing changes within epileptogenic networks in comparison with electrophysiologically normal networks as defined by stereotactic EEG (SEEG) recordings analysis. We applied a multi-echo density adapted 3D projection reconstruction pulse sequence at 7 T (23 Na-MRI) and a 3D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging sequence at 3 T (1 H-MRSI) in 19 patients suffering from drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent presurgical SEEG. We investigated 23 Na MRI parameters including total sodium concentration (TSC) and the sodium signal fraction associated with the short component of T2 * decay (f), alongside the level of metabolites N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline compounds (Cho), and total creatine (tCr). All measures were extracted from spherical regions of interest (ROIs) centered between two adjacent SEEG electrode contacts and z-scored against the same ROI in controls. Group comparison showed a significant increase in f only in the epileptogenic zone (EZ) compared to controls and compared to patients' propagation zone (PZ) and non-involved zone (NIZ). TSC was significantly increased in all patients' regions compared to controls. Conversely, NAA levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls, and lower in the EZ compared to PZ and NIZ. Multiple regression analyzing the relationship between sodium and metabolites levels revealed significant relations in PZ and in NIZ but not in EZ. Our results are in agreement with the energetic failure hypothesis in epileptic regions associated with widespread tissue reorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhael Azilinon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBMMarseilleFrance,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci SystMarseilleFrance,APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance
| | - Julia Makhalova
- APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance,Epileptology DepartmentAPHM, Timone HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Wafaa Zaaraoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBMMarseilleFrance,APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance
| | - Samuel Medina Villalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci SystMarseilleFrance,Epileptology DepartmentAPHM, Timone HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Patrick Viout
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBMMarseilleFrance,APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance
| | - Tangi Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBMMarseilleFrance,APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance
| | - Mohamed M. El Mendili
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBMMarseilleFrance,APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance
| | - Ben Ridley
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Jean‐Philippe Ranjeva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBMMarseilleFrance,APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci SystMarseilleFrance,Epileptology DepartmentAPHM, Timone HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci SystMarseilleFrance
| | - Maxime Guye
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBMMarseilleFrance,APHM, Timone Hospital, CEMEREMMarseilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maarouf A, Audoin B, Gherib S, El Mendili MM, Viout P, Pariollaud F, Boutière C, Rico A, Guye M, Ranjeva JP, Zaaraoui W, Pelletier J. Grey-matter sodium concentration as an individual marker of multiple sclerosis severity. Mult Scler 2022; 28:1903-1912. [PMID: 35723278 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantification of brain injury in patients with variable disability despite similar disease duration may be relevant to identify the mechanisms underlying disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to compare grey-matter sodium abnormalities (GMSAs), a parameter reflecting neuronal and astrocyte dysfunction, in MS patients with benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) and non-benign multiple sclerosis (NBMS). METHODS We identified never-treated BMS patients in our local MS database of 1352 patients. A group with NBMS was identified with same disease duration. All participants underwent 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The existence of GMSA was detected by statistical analysis. RESULTS In total, 102 individuals were included (21 BMS, 25 NBMS and 56 controls). GMSA was detected in 10 BMS and 19 NBMS (11/16 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 8/9 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients) (p = 0.05). On logistic regression including the presence or absence of GMSA, thalamic volume, cortical grey-matter volume and T2-weighted lesion load, thalamic volume was independently associated with BMS status (odds ratio (OR) = 0.64 for each unit). Nonetheless, the absence of GMSA was independently associated when excluding patients with significant cognitive alteration (n = 7) from the BMS group (OR = 4.6). CONCLUSION Detection of GMSA in individuals and thalamic volume are promising to differentiate BMS from NBMS as compared with cortical or whole grey-matter atrophy and T2-weighted lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Maarouf
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France/APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France/APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Gherib
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Patrick Viout
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Clémence Boutière
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Rico
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France/APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France/APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Wafaa Zaaraoui
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France/APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thomas AM, Barkhof F, Bulte JWM. Opportunities for Molecular Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Management: Linking Probe to Treatment. Radiology 2022; 303:486-497. [PMID: 35471110 PMCID: PMC9131169 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.211252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Imaging has been a critical component of multiple sclerosis (MS) management for nearly 40 years. The visual information derived from structural MRI, that is, signs of blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation and demyelination, and brain and spinal cord atrophy, are the primary metrics used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy in MS. The development of targeted imaging probes has expanded our ability to evaluate and monitor MS and its therapies at the molecular level. Most molecular imaging probes evaluated for MS applications are small molecules initially developed for PET, nearly half of which are derived from U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and those currently undergoing clinical trials. Superparamagnetic and fluorinated particles have been used for tracking circulating immune cells (in situ labeling) and immunosuppressive or remyelinating therapeutic stem cells (ex vivo labeling) clinically using proton (hydrogen 1 [1H]) and preclinically using fluorine 19 MRI. Translocator protein PET and 1H MR spectroscopy have been demonstrated to complement imaging metrics from structural (gadolinium-enhanced) MRI in nine and six trials for MS disease-modifying therapies, respectively. Still, despite multiple demonstrations of the utility of molecular imaging probes to evaluate the target location and to elucidate the mechanisms of disease-modifying therapies for MS applications, their use has been sparse in both preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Thomas
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and the Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Room 659, Baltimore, MD 21205 (A.M.T., J.W.M.B.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.)
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and the Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Room 659, Baltimore, MD 21205 (A.M.T., J.W.M.B.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.)
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and the Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Room 659, Baltimore, MD 21205 (A.M.T., J.W.M.B.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krahe J, Dogan I, Didszun C, Mirzazade S, Haeger A, Joni Shah N, Giordano IA, Klockgether T, Madelin G, Schulz JB, Romanzetti S, Reetz K. Increased brain tissue sodium concentration in Friedreich ataxia: A multimodal MR imaging study. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 34:103025. [PMID: 35500368 PMCID: PMC9065922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with Friedreich ataxia, structural MRI is typically used to detect abnormalities primarily in the brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. The aim of the present study was to additionally investigate possible metabolic changes in Friedreich ataxia using in vivo sodium MRI that may precede macroanatomical alterations, and to explore potential associations with clinical parameters of disease progression. Tissue sodium concentration across the whole brain was estimated from sodium MRI maps acquired at 3 T and compared between 24 patients with Friedreich ataxia (21-57 years old, 13 females) and 23 controls (21-60 years old, 12 females). Tensor-based morphometry was used to assess volumetric changes. Total sodium concentrations and volumetric data in brainstem and cerebellum were correlated with clinical parameters, such as severity of ataxia, activity of daily living and disability stage, age, age at onset, and disease duration. Compared to controls, patients showed reduced brain volume in the right cerebellar lobules I-V (difference in means: -0.039% of total intracranial volume [TICV]; Cohen's d = 0.83), cerebellar white matter (WM) (-0.105%TICV; d = 1.16), and brainstem (-0.167%TICV; d = 1.22), including pons (-0.102%TICV; d = 1.00), medulla (-0.036%TICV; d = 1.72), and midbrain (-0.028%TICV; d = 1.05). Increased sodium concentration was additionally detected in the total cerebellum (difference in means: 2.865 mmol; d = 0.68), and in several subregions with highest effect sizes in left (5.284 mmol; d = 1.01) and right cerebellar lobules I-V (5.456 mmol; d = 1.00), followed by increases in the vermis (4.261 mmol; d = 0.72), and in left (2.988 mmol; d = 0.67) and right lobules VI-VII (2.816 mmol; d = 0.68). In addition, sodium increases were also detected in all brainstem areas (3.807 mmol; d = 0.71 to 5.42 mmol; d = 1.19). After controlling for age, elevated total sodium concentrations in right cerebellar lobules IV were associated with younger age at onset (r = -0.43) and accordingly with longer disease duration in patients (r = 0.43). Our findings support the potential of in vivo sodium MRI to detect metabolic changes of increased total sodium concentration in the cerebellum and brainstem, the key regions in Friedreich ataxia. In addition to structural changes, sodium changes were present in cerebellar hemispheres and vermis without concomitant significant atrophy. Given the association with age at disease onset or disease duration, metabolic changes should be further investigated longitudinally and in larger cohorts of early disease stages to determine the usefulness of sodium MRI as a biomarker for early neuropathological changes in Friedreich ataxia and efficacy measure for future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Krahe
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Imis Dogan
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claire Didszun
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shahram Mirzazade
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexa Haeger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadim Joni Shah
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4 (INM-4), Research Centre Juelich GmbH, 52428 Juelich, Germany,Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ilaria A. Giordano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York NY10016, USA
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Handa P, Samkaria A, Sharma S, Arora Y, Mandal PK. Comprehensive Account of Sodium Imaging and Spectroscopy for Brain Research. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:859-875. [PMID: 35324144 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium (23Na) is a vital component of neuronal cells and plays a key role in various signal transmission processes. Hence, information on sodium distribution in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful information on neuronal health. 23Na MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical monitoring of neurological diseases but confront some inherent limitations that lead to low signal-to-noise ratio, longer scan time, and diminished partial volume effects. Recent advancements in multinuclear MR technology have helped in further exploration in this domain. We aim to provide a comprehensive description of 23Na MRI and MRS for brain research including the following aspects: (a) theoretical background for understanding 23Na MRI and MRS fundamentals; (b) technological advancements of 23Na MRI with respect to pulse sequences, RF coils, and sodium compartmentalization; (c) applications of 23Na MRI in the early diagnosis and prognosis of various neurological disorders; (d) structural-chronological evolution of sodium spectroscopy in terms of its numerous applications in human studies; (e) the data-processing tools utilized in the quantitation of sodium in the respective anatomical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Handa
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Shallu Sharma
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Yashika Arora
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Pravat K. Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon 122051, India
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wilferth T, Müller M, Gast LV, Ruck L, Meyerspeer M, Lopez Kolkovsky AL, Uder M, Dörfler A, Nagel AM. Motion‐corrected
23
Na MRI
of the human brain using interleaved
1
H 3D
navigator images. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:309-321. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wilferth
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Max Müller
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Lena V. Gast
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Laurent Ruck
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- High‐Field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Alfredo L. Lopez Kolkovsky
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center Institute of Myology Paris France
- NMR Laboratory CEA/DRF/IBFJ/Molecular Imaging Research Center Paris France
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Role of Molecular Imaging as a Marker of Remyelination and Repair in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010474. [PMID: 35008899 PMCID: PMC8745199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) has revolutionized our ability to fight inflammatory relapses and has immensely improved patients’ quality of life. Although remarkable, this achievement has not carried over into reducing long-term disability. In MS, clinical disability progression can continue relentlessly irrespective of acute inflammation. This “silent” disease progression is the main contributor to long-term clinical disability in MS and results from chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration, and repair failure. Investigating silent disease progression and its underlying mechanisms is a challenge. Standard MRI excels in depicting acute inflammation but lacks the pathophysiological lens required for a more targeted exploration of molecular-based processes. Novel modalities that utilize nuclear magnetic resonance’s ability to display in vivo information on imaging look to bridge this gap. Displaying the CNS through a molecular prism is becoming an undeniable reality. This review will focus on “molecular imaging biomarkers” of disease progression, modalities that can harmoniously depict anatomy and pathophysiology, making them attractive candidates to become the first valid biomarkers of neuroprotection and remyelination.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen Q, Shah NJ, Worthoff WA. Compressed Sensing in Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Techniques, Applications, and Future Prospects. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1340-1356. [PMID: 34918429 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium (23 Na) yields the second strongest nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal in biological tissues and plays a vital role in cell physiology. Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide insights into cell integrity and tissue viability relative to pathologies without significant anatomical alternations, and thus it is considered to be a potential surrogate biomarker that provides complementary information for standard hydrogen (1 H) MRI in a noninvasive and quantitative manner. However, sodium MRI suffers from a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and long acquisition times due to its relatively low NMR sensitivity. Compressed sensing-based (CS-based) methods have been shown to accelerate sodium imaging and/or improve sodium image quality significantly. In this manuscript, the basic concepts of CS and how CS might be applied to improve sodium MRI are described, and the historical milestones of CS-based sodium MRI are briefly presented. Representative advanced techniques and evaluation methods are discussed in detail, followed by an expose of clinical applications in multiple anatomical regions and diseases as well as thoughts and suggestions on potential future research prospects of CS in sodium MRI. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wieland A Worthoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cairns J, Vavasour IM, Traboulsee A, Carruthers R, Kolind SH, Li DKB, Moore GRW, Laule C. Diffusely abnormal white matter in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2021; 32:5-16. [PMID: 34752664 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI enables detailed in vivo depiction of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Localized areas of MS damage, commonly referred to as lesions, or plaques, have been a focus of clinical and research MRI studies for over four decades. A nonplaque MRI abnormality which is present in at least 25% of MS patients but has received far less attention is diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM). DAWM has poorly defined boundaries and a signal intensity that is between normal-appearing white matter and classic lesions on proton density and T2 -weighted images. All clinical phenotypes of MS demonstrate DAWM, including clinically isolated syndrome, where DAWM is associated with higher lesion volume, reduced brain volume, and earlier conversion to MS. Advanced MRI metric abnormalities in DAWM tend to be greater than those in NAWM, but not as severe as focal lesions, with myelin, axons, and water-related changes commonly reported. Histological studies demonstrate a primary lipid abnormality in DAWM, with some axonal damage and lesser involvement of myelin proteins. This review provides an overview of DAWM identification, summarizes in vivo and postmortem observations, and comments on potential pathophysiological mechanisms, which may underlie DAWM in MS. Given the prevalence and potential clinical impact of DAWM, the number of imaging studies focusing on DAWM is insufficient. Characterization of DAWM significance and microstructure would benefit from larger longitudinal and additional quantitative imaging efforts. Revisiting data from previous studies that included proton density and T2 imaging would enable retrospective DAWM identification and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Cairns
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Irene M Vavasour
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Traboulsee
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert Carruthers
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shannon H Kolind
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David K B Li
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G R Wayne Moore
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cornelia Laule
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Platt T, Ladd ME, Paech D. 7 Tesla and Beyond: Advanced Methods and Clinical Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:705-725. [PMID: 34510098 PMCID: PMC8505159 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultrahigh magnetic fields offer significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio, and several magnetic resonance applications additionally benefit from a higher contrast-to-noise ratio, with static magnetic field strengths of B0 ≥ 7 T currently being referred to as ultrahigh fields (UHFs). The advantages of UHF can be used to resolve structures more precisely or to visualize physiological/pathophysiological effects that would be difficult or even impossible to detect at lower field strengths. However, with these advantages also come challenges, such as inhomogeneities applying standard radiofrequency excitation techniques, higher energy deposition in the human body, and enhanced B0 field inhomogeneities. The advantages but also the challenges of UHF as well as promising advanced methodological developments and clinical applications that particularly benefit from UHF are discussed in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Platt
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Exposure to 16 h of normobaric hypoxia induces ionic edema in the healthy brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5987. [PMID: 34645793 PMCID: PMC8514510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Following prolonged exposure to hypoxic conditions, for example, due to ascent to high altitude, stroke, or traumatic brain injury, cerebral edema can develop. The exact nature and genesis of hypoxia-induced edema in healthy individuals remain unresolved. We examined the effects of prolonged, normobaric hypoxia, induced by 16 h of exposure to simulated high altitude, on healthy brains using proton, dynamic contrast enhanced, and sodium MRI. This dual approach allowed us to directly measure key factors in the development of hypoxia-induced brain edema: (1) Sodium signals as a surrogate of the distribution of electrolytes within the cerebral tissue and (2) Ktrans as a marker of blood–brain–barrier integrity. The measurements point toward an accumulation of sodium ions in extra- but not in intracellular space in combination with an intact endothelium. Both findings in combination are indicative of ionic extracellular edema, a subtype of cerebral edema that was only recently specified as an intermittent, yet distinct stage between cytotoxic and vasogenic edemas. In sum, here a combination of imaging techniques demonstrates the development of ionic edemas following prolonged normobaric hypoxia in agreement with cascadic models of edema formation. Prolonged hypoxia, which can be due to stroke or ascent to high altitude, can lead to cerebral edema. Here, the authors used a combination of sodium and proton MRI and experimentally induced hypoxic conditions to identify the cause for brain swelling: Ionic edema, an intermediate between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema defined by sodium ion accumulation in extracellular space and an intact endothelium.
Collapse
|
22
|
Potential Biomarkers Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910323. [PMID: 34638664 PMCID: PMC8508638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that involves an intricate and aberrant interaction of immune cells leading to inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical subtypes, their diagnosis becomes challenging and the best treatment cannot be easily provided to patients. Biomarkers have been used to simplify the diagnosis and prognosis of MS, as well as to evaluate the results of clinical treatments. In recent years, research on biomarkers has advanced rapidly due to their ability to be easily and promptly measured, their specificity, and their reproducibility. Biomarkers are classified into several categories depending on whether they address personal or predictive susceptibility, diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity, or response to treatment in different clinical courses of MS. The identified members indicate a variety of pathological processes of MS, such as neuroaxonal damage, gliosis, demyelination, progression of disability, and remyelination, among others. The present review analyzes biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood serum, the most promising imaging biomarkers used in clinical practice. Furthermore, it aims to shed light on the criteria and challenges that a biomarker must face to be considered as a standard in daily clinical practice.
Collapse
|
23
|
Stobbe R, Boyd A, Smyth P, Emery D, Valdés Cabrera D, Beaulieu C. Sodium Intensity Changes Differ Between Relaxation- and Density-Weighted MRI in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:693447. [PMID: 34335450 PMCID: PMC8323606 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.693447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The source of Tissue Sodium Concentration (TSC) increase in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains unclear, and could be attributed to altered intracellular sodium concentration or tissue microstructure. This paper investigates sodium in MS using three new MRI sequences. Methods: Three sodium scans were acquired at 4.7 T from 30 patients (11 relapsing-remitting, 10 secondary-progressive, 9 primary-progressive) and 9 healthy controls including: Density-Weighted (NaDW), with very short 30° excitation for more accurate TSC measurement; Projection Acquisition with Coherent MAgNetization (NaPACMAN), designed for enhanced relaxation-based contrast; and Soft Inversion Recovery FLuid Attenuation (NaSIRFLA), developed to reduce fluid space contribution. Signal was measured in both lesions (n = 397) and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) relative to controls in the splenium of corpus callosum and the anterior and posterior limbs of internal capsule. Correlations with clinical and cognitive evaluations were tested over all MS patients. Results: Sodium intensity in MS lesions was elevated over control WM by a greater amount for NaPACMAN (75%) than NaDW (35%), the latter representing TSC. In contrast, NaSIRFLA exhibited lower intensity, but only for region specific analysis in the SCC (-7%). Sodium intensity in average MS NAWM was not significantly different than control WM for either of the three scans. NaSIRFLA in the average NAWM and specifically the posterior limb of internal capsules positively correlated with the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Discussion: Lower NaSIRFLA signal in lesions and ~2× greater NaPACMAN signal elevation over control WM than NaDW can be explained with a demyelination model that also includes edema. A NAWM demyelination model that includes tissue atrophy suggests no signal change for NaSIRFLA, and only slightly greater NAWM signal than control WM for both NaDW and NaPACMAN, reflecting experimental results. Models were derived from previous total and myelin water fraction study in MS with T2-relaxometry, and for the first time include sodium within the myelin water space. Reduced auditory processing association with lower signal on NaSIRFLA cannot be explained by greater demyelination and its modeled impact on the three sodium MRI sequences. Alternative explanations include intra- or extracellular sodium concentration change. Relaxation-weighted sodium MRI in combination with sodium-density MRI may help elucidate microstructural and metabolic changes in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Annie Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Penelope Smyth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Derek Emery
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Diana Valdés Cabrera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mennecke AB, Nagel AM, Huhn K, Linker RA, Schmidt M, Rothhammer V, Wilferth T, Linz P, Wegmann J, Eisenhut F, Engelhorn T, Doerfler A. Longitudinal Sodium MRI of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: Is there Added Value of Sodium Inversion Recovery MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:140-151. [PMID: 34259373 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium enhancement has been demonstrated in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. PURPOSE To investigate sodium MRI with and without an inversion recovery pulse in acute MS lesions in an MS relapse and during recovery. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Twenty-nine relapsing-remitting MS patients with an acute relapse were included. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3D density-adapted radial sodium sequence at 3 T using a dual-tuned (23 Na/1 H) head coil. ASSESSMENT Full-brain images of the tissue sodium concentration (TSC1, n = 29) and a sodium inversion recovery sequence (SIR1, n = 20) at the beginning of the anti-inflammatory therapy and on medium-term follow-up visits (days 27-99, n = 12 [TSC], n = 5 [SIR]) were measured. Regions of interest (RoIs) with contrast enhancement (T1 CE+) and without change in T1-weighted imaging (FL + T1n) were normalized (nTSC and nSIR). To gain insight on the origin of the TSC enhancement at time point 1, it is investigated whether the nTSC enhancement of the lesions is accompanied by a change of the respective nSIR. Potential prognostic value of nSIR1 is examined referring to the nTSC progression. STATISTICAL TESTS: nTSC and nSIR were compared regarding the type of lesion and the time point using a one-way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for nTSC over nSIR and for nTSC1-nTSC2 over nSIR1. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS At the first measurement, all lesion types showed increased nTSC, while nSIR was decreased in the FL + T1 n and the T1 CE+ lesions in comparison to the normal-appearing white matter. For acute lesions, the difference between nTSC at baseline and nTSC at time point 2 showed a significant correlation with the baseline nSIR. DATA CONCLUSION At time point 1, nTSC is increased, while nSIR is unchanged or decreased in the lesions. The mean sodium IR signal at baseline correlates with recovery or progression of an acute lesion. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika B Mennecke
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Clinic Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmidt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Wilferth
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Wegmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Eisenhut
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huhn K, Linz P, Pemsel F, Michalke B, Seyferth S, Kopp C, Chaudri MA, Rothhammer V, Dörfler A, Uder M, Nagel AM, Müller DN, Waschbisch A, Lee DH, Bäuerle T, Linker RA, Haase S. Skin sodium is increased in male patients with multiple sclerosis and related animal models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102549118. [PMID: 34260395 PMCID: PMC8285971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102549118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel MRI techniques allow a noninvasive quantification of tissue sodium and reveal the skin as a prominent compartment of sodium storage in health and disease. Since multiple sclerosis (MS) immunopathology is initiated in the periphery and increased sodium concentrations induce proinflammatory immune cells, the skin represents a promising compartment linking high sodium concentrations and MS immunopathology. We used a 7-T sodium MRI (23Na-MRI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the skin sodium content in two mouse models of MS. We additionally performed 3-T 23Na-MRI of calf skin and muscles in 29 male relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 29 matched healthy controls. Demographic and clinical information was collected from interviews, and disease activity was assessed by expanded disability status scale scoring. 23Na-MRI and chemical analysis demonstrated a significantly increased sodium content in the skin during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independent of active immunization. In male patients with RRMS, 23Na-MRI demonstrated a higher sodium signal in the area of the skin compared to age- and biological sex-matched healthy controls with higher sodium, predicting future disease activity in cranial MRI. In both studies, the sodium enrichment was specific to the skin, as we found no alterations of sodium signals in the muscle or other tissues. Our data add to the recently identified importance of the skin as a storage compartment of sodium and may further represent an important organ for future investigations on salt as a proinflammatory agent driving autoimmune neuroinflammation such as that in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Pemsel
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Seyferth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kopp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Anwar Chaudri
- Institute of Corrosion and Surface Science, Department of Material Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Waschbisch
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haase
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schneider TM, Ma J, Wagner P, Behl N, Nagel AM, Ladd ME, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Straub S. Multiparametric MRI for Characterization of the Basal Ganglia and the Midbrain. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:661504. [PMID: 34234639 PMCID: PMC8255625 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.661504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To characterize subcortical nuclei by multi-parametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods: The following quantitative multiparametric MR data of five healthy volunteers were acquired on a 7T MRI system: 3D gradient echo (GRE) data for the calculation of quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM), GRE sequences with and without off-resonant magnetic transfer pulse for magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) calculation, a magnetization−prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence for T1 mapping, and (after a coil change) a density-adapted 3D radial pulse sequence for 23Na imaging. First, all data were co-registered to the GRE data, volumes of interest (VOIs) for 21 subcortical structures were drawn manually for each volunteer, and a combined voxel-wise analysis of the four MR contrasts (QSM, MTR, T1, 23Na) in each structure was conducted to assess the quantitative, MR value-based differentiability of structures. Second, a machine learning algorithm based on random forests was trained to automatically classify the groups of multi-parametric voxel values from each VOI according to their association to one of the 21 subcortical structures. Results The analysis of the integrated multimodal visualization of quantitative MR values in each structure yielded a successful classification among nuclei of the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS), the limbic system and the extrapyramidal system, while classification among (epi-)thalamic nuclei was less successful. The machine learning-based approach facilitated quantitative MR value-based structure classification especially in the group of extrapyramidal nuclei and reached an overall accuracy of 85% regarding all selected nuclei. Conclusion Multimodal quantitative MR enabled excellent differentiation of a wide spectrum of subcortical nuclei with reasonable accuracy and may thus enable sensitive detection of disease and nucleus-specific MR-based contrast alterations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till M Schneider
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jackie Ma
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Behl
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Straub
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Collorone S, Prados F, Kanber B, Cawley NM, Tur C, Grussu F, Solanky BS, Yiannakas M, Davagnanam I, Wheeler-Kingshott CAMG, Barkhof F, Ciccarelli O, Toosy AT. Brain microstructural and metabolic alterations detected in vivo at onset of the first demyelinating event. Brain 2021; 144:1409-1421. [PMID: 33903905 PMCID: PMC8219367 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In early multiple sclerosis, a clearer understanding of normal-brain tissue microstructural and metabolic abnormalities will provide valuable insights into its pathophysiology. We used multi-parametric quantitative MRI to detect alterations in brain tissues of patients with their first demyelinating episode. We acquired neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging [to investigate morphology of neurites (dendrites and axons)] and 23Na MRI (to estimate total sodium concentration, a reflection of underlying changes in metabolic function). In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 42 patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome or multiple sclerosis within 3 months of their first demyelinating event and 16 healthy controls. Physical and cognitive scales were assessed. At 3 T, we acquired brain and spinal cord structural scans, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Thirty-two patients and 13 healthy controls also underwent brain 23Na MRI. We measured neurite density and orientation dispersion indices and total sodium concentration in brain normal-appearing white matter, white matter lesions, and grey matter. We used linear regression models (adjusting for brain parenchymal fraction and lesion load) and Spearman correlation tests (significance level P ≤ 0.01). Patients showed higher orientation dispersion index in normal-appearing white matter, including the corpus callosum, where they also showed lower neurite density index and higher total sodium concentration, compared with healthy controls. In grey matter, compared with healthy controls, patients demonstrated: lower orientation dispersion index in frontal, parietal and temporal cortices; lower neurite density index in parietal, temporal and occipital cortices; and higher total sodium concentration in limbic and frontal cortices. Brain volumes did not differ between patients and controls. In patients, higher orientation dispersion index in corpus callosum was associated with worse performance on timed walk test (P = 0.009, B = 0.01, 99% confidence interval = 0.0001 to 0.02), independent of brain and lesion volumes. Higher total sodium concentration in left frontal middle gyrus was associated with higher disability on Expanded Disability Status Scale (rs = 0.5, P = 0.005). Increased axonal dispersion was found in normal-appearing white matter, particularly corpus callosum, where there was also axonal degeneration and total sodium accumulation. The association between increased axonal dispersion in the corpus callosum and worse walking performance implies that morphological and metabolic alterations in this structure could mechanistically contribute to disability in multiple sclerosis. As brain volumes were neither altered nor related to disability in patients, our findings suggest that these two advanced MRI techniques are more sensitive at detecting clinically relevant pathology in early multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Collorone
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ferran Prados
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baris Kanber
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niamh M Cawley
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Tur
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Grussu
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bhavana S Solanky
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marios Yiannakas
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Indran Davagnanam
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands.,National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ahmed T Toosy
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Petracca M, Pontillo G, Moccia M, Carotenuto A, Cocozza S, Lanzillo R, Brunetti A, Brescia Morra V. Neuroimaging Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:346. [PMID: 33803287 PMCID: PMC8000635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a frequent and meaningful symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), caused by the accrual of brain structural damage only partially counteracted by effective functional reorganization. As both these aspects can be successfully investigated through the application of advanced neuroimaging, here, we offer an up-to-date overview of the latest findings on structural, functional and metabolic correlates of cognitive impairment in adults with MS, focusing on the mechanisms sustaining damage accrual and on the identification of useful imaging markers of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petracca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (V.B.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Pontillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Moccia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (V.B.M.)
| | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (V.B.M.)
| | - Sirio Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (V.B.M.)
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (V.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yamaguchi S, Watanabe M, Hattori Y. Statistical parametric mapping of three-dimensional local activity distribution of skeletal muscle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sci Rep 2021; 11:4808. [PMID: 33637801 PMCID: PMC7910551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the internal local activity distribution in human skeletal muscles is important for managing muscle fatigue/pain and dysfunction. However, no method is established for three-dimensional (3D) statistical analysis of features of activity regions common to multiple subjects during voluntary motor tasks. We investigated the characteristics of muscle activity distribution from the data of ten healthy subjects (29 ± 1 year old, 2 women) during voluntary teeth clenching under two different occlusal conditions by applying spatial normalization and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to analysis of muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI) using increase in transverse relaxation time (T2) of the skeletal muscle induced by exercise. The expansion of areas with significant T2 increase was observed in the masticatory muscles after clenching with molar loss comparing with intact dentition. The muscle activity distribution characteristics common to a group of subjects, i.e., the active region in the temporal muscle ipsilateral to the side with the molar loss and medial pterygoid muscle contralateral to the side with the molar loss, were clarified in 3D by applying spatial normalization and SPM to mfMRI analysis. This method might elucidate the functional distribution within the muscles and the localized muscular activity related to skeletal muscle disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Institute of Living and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, 9-1-1 Sakura-ga-oka, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8557, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hattori
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lachner S, Utzschneider M, Zaric O, Minarikova L, Ruck L, Zbýň Š, Hensel B, Trattnig S, Uder M, Nagel AM. Compressed sensing and the use of phased array coils in 23Na MRI: a comparison of a SENSE-based and an individually combined multi-channel reconstruction. Z Med Phys 2021; 31:48-57. [PMID: 33183893 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To implement and to evaluate a compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm based on the sensitivity encoding (SENSE) combination scheme (CS-SENSE), used to reconstruct sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) multi-channel breast data sets. METHODS In a simulation study, the CS-SENSE algorithm was tested and optimized by evaluating the structural similarity (SSIM) and the normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) for different regularizations and different undersampling factors (USF=1.8/3.6/7.2/14.4). Subsequently, the algorithm was applied to data from in vivo measurements of the healthy female breast (n=3) acquired at 7T. Moreover, the proposed CS-SENSE algorithm was compared to a previously published CS algorithm (CS-IND). RESULTS The CS-SENSE reconstruction leads to an increased image quality for all undersampling factors and employed regularizations. Especially if a simple 2nd order total variation is chosen as sparsity transformation, the CS-SENSE reconstruction increases the image quality of highly undersampled data sets (CS-SENSE: SSIMUSF=7.2=0.234, NRMSEUSF=7.2=0.491 vs. CS-IND: SSIMUSF=7.2=0.201, NRMSEUSF=7.2=0.506). CONCLUSION The CS-SENSE reconstruction supersedes the need of CS weighting factors for each channel as well as a method to combine single channel data. The CS-SENSE algorithm can be used to reconstruct undersampled data sets with increased image quality. This can be exploited to reduce total acquisition times in 23Na MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lachner
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Utzschneider
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olgica Zaric
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lenka Minarikova
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurent Ruck
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Štefan Zbýň
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bernhard Hensel
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim S, Song J, Yoon J, Kim K, Chung J, Noh Y. Voxel-wise partial volume correction method for accurate estimation of tissue sodium concentration in 23 Na-MRI at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4448. [PMID: 33270326 PMCID: PMC7816248 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium is crucial for the maintenance of cell physiology, and its regulation of the sodium-potassium pump has implications for various neurological conditions. The distribution of sodium concentrations in tissue can be quantitatively evaluated by means of sodium MRI (23 Na-MRI). Despite its usefulness in diagnosing particular disease conditions, tissue sodium concentration (TSC) estimated from 23 Na-MRI can be strongly biased by partial volume effects (PVEs) that are induced by broad point spread functions (PSFs) as well as tissue fraction effects. In this work, we aimed to propose a robust voxel-wise partial volume correction (PVC) method for 23 Na-MRI. The method is based on a linear regression (LR) approach to correct for tissue fraction effects, but it utilizes a 3D kernel combined with a modified least trimmed square (3D-mLTS) method in order to minimize regression-induced inherent smoothing effects. We acquired 23 Na-MRI data with conventional Cartesian sampling at 7 T, and spill-over effects due to the PSF were considered prior to correcting for tissue fraction effects using 3D-mLTS. In the simulation, we found that the TSCs of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were underestimated by 20% and 11% respectively without correcting tissue fraction effects, but the differences between ground truth and PVE-corrected data after the PVC using the 3D-mLTS method were only approximately 0.6% and 0.4% for GM and WM, respectively. The capability of the 3D-mLTS method was further demonstrated with in vivo 23 Na-MRI data, showing significantly lower regression errors (ie root mean squared error) as compared with conventional LR methods (p < 0.001). The results of simulation and in vivo experiments revealed that 3D-mLTS is superior for determining under- or overestimated TSCs while preserving anatomical details. This suggests that the 3D-mLTS method is well suited for the accurate determination of TSC, especially in small focal lesions associated with pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang‐Young Kim
- Neuroscience Research InstituteGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Song
- Neuroscience Research InstituteGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Hyun Yoon
- Neuroscience Research InstituteGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Young Chung
- Neuroscience Research InstituteGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of NeuroscienceGachon University College of MedicineIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Neuroscience Research InstituteGachon UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical CenterGachon University College of Medicin eIncheonRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Diffusely appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: Insights from sodium ( 23Na) MRI. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 49:102752. [PMID: 33486402 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) frequently shows ill-defined areas with intermediate signal intensity between the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and focal T2-hyperintense lesions, termed "diffusely appearing white matter" (DAWM). Even though several advanced MRI techniques have shown the potential to detect and quantify subtle commonly not visible microscopic tissue changes, to date only a few advanced MRI studies investigated DAWM changes in a quantitative manner. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify tissue abnormalities in the DAWM in comparison to focal lesions and the NAWM in MS patients by sodium (23Na) MRI. METHODS 23Na and conventional MRI were performed in 25 MS patients with DAWM (DAWM+) and in 25 sex- and age matched MS patients without DAWM (DAWM-), as well as in ten healthy controls (HC). Mean total sodium concentrations (TSC) were quantified in the DAWM, NAWM, normal appearing grey matter (NAGM) and in focal MS lesions. RESULTS In MS DAWM+and DAWM-, TSC values were increased in the NAGM (DAWM+: 44.61 ± 4.09 mM; DAWM-: 45.37 ± 3.8 mM) and in the NAWM (DAWM+: 39.85 ± 3.89 mM; DAWM-: 39.82 ± 4.25 mM) compared to normal grey and white matter in HC (GM 40.87 ± 3.25 mM, WM 35.9 ± 1.81 mM; p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Interestingly, the DAWM showed similar sodium concentrations (39.32 ± 4.59 mM) to the NAWM (39.85 ± 3.89 mM), whereas TSC values in T1 hypointense (46.53 ± 7.87 mM) and T1 isointense (41.99 ± 6.10 mM) lesions were significantly higher than in the DAWM (p < 0.001 and 0.017 respectively). CONCLUSION 23Na MRI is confirmed as a sensitive marker of even subtle tissue abnormalities. DAWM sodium levels are increased and comparable to the abnormalities in NAWM, suggesting pathological changes less severe than in focal lesions comparable to what is expected in the NAWM.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bruschi N, Boffa G, Inglese M. Ultra-high-field 7-T MRI in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases: from pathology to clinical practice. Eur Radiol Exp 2020; 4:59. [PMID: 33089380 PMCID: PMC7578213 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-020-00186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), for investigating the disease pathophysiology, and for discriminating MS from other neurological diseases. Ultra-high-field strength (7-T) MRI provides a new tool for studying MS and other demyelinating diseases both in research and in clinical settings. We present an overview of 7-T MRI application in MS focusing on increased sensitivity and specificity for lesion detection and characterisation in the brain and spinal cord, central vein sign identification, and leptomeningeal enhancement detection. We also discuss the role of 7-T MRI in improving our understanding of MS pathophysiology with the aid of metabolic imaging. In addition, we present 7-T MRI applications in other demyelinating diseases. 7-T MRI allows better detection of the anatomical, pathological, and functional features of MS, thus improving our understanding of MS pathology in vivo. 7-T MRI also represents a potential tool for earlier and more accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo' Bruschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Boffa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Largo Daneo 3, 16100, Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zaric O, Juras V, Szomolanyi P, Schreiner M, Raudner M, Giraudo C, Trattnig S. Frontiers of Sodium MRI Revisited: From Cartilage to Brain Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 54:58-75. [PMID: 32851736 PMCID: PMC8246730 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23 Na-MRI) is a highly promising imaging modality that offers the possibility to noninvasively quantify sodium content in the tissue, one of the most relevant parameters for biochemical investigations. Despite its great potential, due to the intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of sodium imaging generated by low in vivo sodium concentrations, low gyromagnetic ratio, and substantially shorter relaxation times than for proton (1 H) imaging, 23 Na-MRI is extremely challenging. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature that has been published in the last 10-15 years and which has demonstrated different technical designs for a range of 23 Na-MRI methods applicable for disease diagnoses and treatment efficacy evaluations. Currently, a wider use of 3.0T and 7.0T systems provide imaging with the expected increase in SNR and, consequently, an increased image resolution and a reduced scanning time. A great interest in translational research has enlarged the field of sodium MRI applications to almost all parts of the body: articular cartilage tendons, spine, heart, breast, muscle, kidney, and brain, etc., and several pathological conditions, such as tumors, neurological and degenerative diseases, and others. The quantitative parameter, tissue sodium concentration, which reflects changes in intracellular sodium concentration, extracellular sodium concentration, and intra-/extracellular volume fractions is becoming acknowledged as a reliable biomarker. Although the great potential of this technique is evident, there must be steady technical development for 23 Na-MRI to become a standard imaging tool. The future role of sodium imaging is not to be considered as an alternative to 1 H MRI, but to provide early, diagnostically valuable information about altered metabolism or tissue function associated with disease genesis and progression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Zaric
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in the Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Juras
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Szomolanyi
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schreiner
- Deartment of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Raudner
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Radiology Institute, Department of Medicine, DIMED Padova University Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in the Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria.,High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Solanky BS, Prados F, Tur C, Yiannakas MC, Kanber B, Cawley N, Brownlee W, Ourselin S, Golay X, Ciccarelli O, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM. Sodium in the Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord: Increased Concentrations and Associations With Microstructural Tissue Anisotropy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1429-1438. [PMID: 32476227 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between brain total sodium concentration, disability, and disease progression have recently been reported in multiple sclerosis. However, such measures in spinal cord have not been reported. PURPOSE To measure total sodium concentration (TSC) alterations in the cervical spinal cord of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and a control cohort using sodium MR spectroscopy (MRS). STUDY TYPE Retrospective cohort. SUBJECTS Nineteen people with RRMS and 21 healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T sodium MRS, diffusion tensor imaging, and 3D gradient echo. ASSESSMENT Quantification of total sodium concentration in the cervical cord using a reference phantom. Measures of spinal cord cross-sectional area, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity from 1 H MRI. Clinical assessments of 9-Hole Peg Test, 25-Foot Timed walk test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test with 3-second intervals, grip strength, vibration sensitivity, and posturography were performed on the RRMS cohort as well as reporting lesions in the C2/3 area. STATISTICAL TESTS Multiple linear regression models were run between sodium and clinical scores, cross-sectional area, and diffusion metrics to establish any correlations. RESULTS A significant increase in spinal cord total sodium concentration was found in people with RRMS relative to healthy controls (57.6 ± 18 mmol and 38.0 ± 8.6 mmol, respectively, P < 0.001). Increased TSC correlated with reduced fractional anisotropy (P = 0.034) and clinically with decreased mediolateral stability assessed with posturography (P = 0.045). DATA CONCLUSION Total sodium concentration in the cervical spinal cord is elevated in RRMS. This alteration is associated with reduced fractional anisotropy, which may be due to changes in tissue microstructure and, hence, in the integrity of spinal cord tissue. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana S Solanky
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ferran Prados
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Tur
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marios C Yiannakas
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Baris Kanber
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niamh Cawley
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wallace Brownlee
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xavier Golay
- Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Canaud B, Kooman J, Selby NM, Taal M, Francis S, Kopperschmidt P, Maierhofer A, Kotanko P, Titze J. Sodium and water handling during hemodialysis: new pathophysiologic insights and management approaches for improving outcomes in end-stage kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 95:296-309. [PMID: 30665570 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Space medicine and new technology such as magnetic resonance imaging of tissue sodium stores (23NaMRI) have changed our understanding of human sodium homeostasis and pathophysiology. It has become evident that body sodium comprises 3 main components. Two compartments have been traditionally recognized, namely one that is circulating and systemically active via its osmotic action, and one slowly exchangeable pool located in the bones. The third, recently described pool represents sodium stored in skin and muscle interstitium, and it is implicated in cell and biologic activities via local hypertonicity and sodium clearance mechanisms. This in-depth review provides a comprehensive view on the pathophysiology and existing knowledge gaps of systemic hemodynamic and tissue sodium accumulation in dialysis patients. Furthermore, we discuss how the combination of novel technologies to quantitate tissue salt accumulation (e.g., 23NaMRI) with devices to facilitate the precise attainment of a prescribed hemodialytic sodium mass balance (e.g., sodium and water balancing modules) will improve our therapeutic approach to sodium management in dialysis patients. While prospective studies are required, we think that these new diagnostic and sodium balancing tools will enhance our ability to pursue more personalized therapeutic interventions on sodium and water management, with the eventual goal of improving dialysis patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Canaud
- Centre for Medical Excellence, Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland, Bad Homburg, Germany; Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jeroen Kooman
- Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum - Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Campus, Derby, UK
| | - Maarten Taal
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Campus, Derby, UK
| | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Kotanko
- Renal Research Institute, New York, New York, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jens Titze
- Division of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Duke-NUS, Singapore; Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Clinic Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lachner S, Ruck L, Niesporek SC, Utzschneider M, Lott J, Hensel B, Dörfler A, Uder M, Nagel AM. Comparison of optimized intensity correction methods for 23Na MRI of the human brain using a 32-channel phased array coil at 7 Tesla. Z Med Phys 2019; 30:104-115. [PMID: 31866116 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correct for the non-homogeneous receive profile of a phased array head coil in sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI). METHODS 23Na MRI of the human brain (n = 8) was conducted on a 7T MR system using a dual-tuned quadrature 1H/23Na transmit/receive birdcage coil, equipped with a 32-channel receive-only array. To correct the inhomogeneous receive profile four different methods were applied: (1) the uncorrected phased array image and an additionally acquired birdcage image as reference image were low-pass filtered and divided by each other. (2) The second method substituted the reference image by a support region. (3) By averaging the individually calculated receive profiles, a universal sensitivity map was obtained and applied. (4) The receive profile was determined by a pre-scanned large uniform phantom. The calculation of the sensitivity maps was optimized in a simulation study using the normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE). All methods were evaluated in phantom measurements and finally applied to in vivo 23Na MRI data sets. The in vivo measurements were partial volume corrected and for further evaluation the signal ratio between the outer and inner cerebrospinal fluid compartments (CSFout:CSFin) was calculated. RESULTS Phantom measurements show the correction of the intensity profile applying the given methods. Compared to the uncorrected phased array image (NRMSE = 0.46, CSFout:CSFin = 1.71), the quantitative evaluation of simulated and measured intensity corrected human brain data sets indicates the best performance utilizing the birdcage image (NRMSE = 0.39, CSFout:CSFin = 1.00). However, employing a support region (NRMSE = 0.40, CSFout:CSFin = 1.17), a universal sensitivity map (NRMSE = 0.41, CSFout:CSFin = 1.05) or a pre-scanned sensitivity map (NRMSE = 0.42, CSFout:CSFin = 1.07) shows only slightly worse results. CONCLUSION Acquiring a birdcage image as reference image to correct for the receive profile demonstrates the best performance. However, when aiming to reduce acquisition time or for measurements without existing birdcage coil, methods that use a support region as reference image, a universal or a pre-scanned sensitivity map provide good alternatives for correction of the receive profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lachner
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Laurent Ruck
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian C Niesporek
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Utzschneider
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Lott
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hensel
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Van Schependom J, Guldolf K, D'hooghe MB, Nagels G, D'haeseleer M. Detecting neurodegenerative pathology in multiple sclerosis before irreversible brain tissue loss sets in. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:37. [PMID: 31827784 PMCID: PMC6900860 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Accelerated brain volume loss, or also termed atrophy, is currently emerging as a popular imaging marker of neurodegeneration in affected patients, but, unfortunately, can only be reliably interpreted at the time when irreversible tissue damage likely has already occurred. Timing of treatment decisions based on brain atrophy may therefore be viewed as suboptimal. Main body This Narrative Review focuses on alternative techniques with the potential of detecting neurodegenerative events in the brain of subjects with MS prior to the atrophic stage. First, metabolic and molecular imaging provide the opportunity to identify early subcellular changes associated with energy dysfunction, which is an assumed core mechanism of axonal degeneration in MS. Second, cerebral hypoperfusion has been observed throughout the entire clinical spectrum of the disorder but it remains an open question whether this serves as an alternative marker of reduced metabolic activity, or exists as an independent contributing process, mediated by endothelin-1 hyperexpression. Third, both metabolic and perfusion alterations may lead to repercussions at the level of network performance and structural connectivity, respectively assessable by functional and diffusion tensor imaging. Fourth and finally, elevated body fluid levels of neurofilaments are gaining interest as a biochemical mirror of axonal damage in a wide range of neurological conditions, with early rises in patients with MS appearing to be predictive of future brain atrophy. Conclusions Recent findings from the fields of advanced neuroradiology and neurochemistry provide the promising prospect of demonstrating degenerative brain pathology in patients with MS before atrophy has installed. Although the overall level of evidence on the presented topic is still preliminary, this Review may pave the way for further longitudinal and multimodal studies exploring the relationships between the abovementioned measures, possibly leading to novel insights in early disease mechanisms and therapeutic intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van Schependom
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,2Radiology Department Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaat Guldolf
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Marie Béatrice D'hooghe
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium
| | - Miguel D'haeseleer
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Riemer F, McHugh D, Zaccagna F, Lewis D, McLean MA, Graves MJ, Gilbert FJ, Parker GJ, Gallagher FA. Measuring tissue sodium concentration: Cross-vendor repeatability and reproducibility of 23 Na-MRI across two sites. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1278-1284. [PMID: 30859655 PMCID: PMC6767101 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium MRI (23 Na-MRI)-derived biomarkers such as total sodium concentration (TSC) have the potential to provide information on tumor cellularity and the changes in tumor microstructure that occur following therapy. PURPOSE To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of TSC measurements in the brains of healthy volunteers, providing evidence for the technical validation of 23 Na-MRI-derived biomarkers. STUDY TYPE Prospective multicenter study. SUBJECTS Eleven volunteers (32 ± 6 years; eight males, three females) were scanned twice at each of two sites. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Comparable 3D-cones 23 Na-MRI ultrashort echo time acquisitions at 3T. ASSESSMENT TSC values, quantified from calibration phantoms placed in the field of view, were obtained from white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), based on automated segmentation of coregistered 1 H T1 -weighted images and hand-drawn regions of interest by two readers. STATISTICAL TESTS Coefficients of variation (CoVs) from mean TSC values were used to assess intrasite repeatability and intersite reproducibility. RESULTS Mean GM TSC concentrations (52.1 ± 7.1 mM) were ∼20% higher than for WM (41.8 ± 6.7 mM). Measurements were highly repeatable at both sites with mean scan-rescan CoVs between volunteers and regions of 2% and 4%, respectively. Mean intersite reproducibility CoVs were 3%, 3%, and 6% for WM, GM, and CSF, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION These results demonstrate technical validation of sodium MRI-derived biomarkers in healthy volunteers. We also show that comparable 23 Na imaging of the brain can be implemented across different sites and scanners with excellent repeatability and reproducibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1278-1284.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Riemer
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge & ManchesterUK
| | - Damien McHugh
- CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge & ManchesterUK
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental PsychologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge & ManchesterUK
| | - Daniel Lewis
- CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge & ManchesterUK
| | - Mary A. McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Fiona J. Gilbert
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge & ManchesterUK
| | - Geoff J.M. Parker
- CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge & ManchesterUK
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental PsychologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Bioxydyn Ltd.ManchesterUK
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge & ManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Driver ID, Stobbe RW, Wise RG, Beaulieu C. Venous contribution to sodium MRI in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1331-1338. [PMID: 31556169 PMCID: PMC6972645 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium MRI shows great promise as a marker for cerebral metabolic dysfunction in stroke, brain tumor, and neurodegenerative pathologies. However, cerebral blood vessels, whose volume and function are perturbed in these pathologies, have elevated sodium concentrations relative to surrounding tissue. This study aims to assess whether this fluid compartment could bias measurements of tissue sodium using MRI. METHODS Density-weighted and B1 corrected sodium MRI of the brain was acquired in 9 healthy participants at 4.7T. Veins were identified using co-registered 1 H T 2 ∗ -weighted images and venous partial volume estimates were calculated by down-sampling the finer spatial resolution venous maps from the T 2 ∗ -weighted images to the coarser spatial resolution of the sodium data. Linear regressions of venous partial volume estimates and sodium signal were performed for regions of interest including just gray matter, just white matter, and all brain tissue. RESULTS Linear regression demonstrated a significant venous sodium contribution above the underlying tissue signal. The apparent venous sodium concentrations derived from regression were 65.8 ± 4.5 mM (all brain tissue), 71.0 ± 7.4 mM (gray matter), and 55.0 ± 4.7 mM (white matter). CONCLUSION Although the partial vein linear regression did not yield the expected sodium concentration in blood (~87 mM), likely the result of point spread function smearing, this regression highlights that blood compartments may bias brain tissue sodium signals across neurological conditions where blood volumes may differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Driver
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Stobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brownlee WJ, Solanky B, Prados F, Yiannakas M, Da Mota P, Riemer F, Cardoso MJ, Ourselin S, Golay X, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott C, Ciccarelli O. Cortical grey matter sodium accumulation is associated with disability and secondary progressive disease course in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:755-760. [PMID: 30948625 PMCID: PMC7611428 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium (23Na)-MRI is an emerging imaging technique to investigate in vivo changes in tissue viability, reflecting neuroaxonal integrity and metabolism. Using an optimised 23Na-MRI protocol with smaller voxel sizes and improved tissue contrast, we wanted to investigate whether brain total sodium concentration (TSC) is a biomarker for long-term disease outcomes in a cohort of patients with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis (MS), followed from disease onset. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in 96 patients followed up ~ 15 years after a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 34 healthy controls. Disease course was classified as CIS, relapsing-remitting MS or secondary progressive MS (SPMS). We acquired 1H-MRI and 23Na-MRI and calculated the TSC in cortical grey matter (CGM), deep grey matter, normal-appearing white matter (WM) and WM lesions. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent associations of tissue-specific TSC with physical disability and cognition, with adjustment for tissue volumes. RESULTS TSC in all tissues was higher in patients with MS compared with healthy controls and patients who remained CIS, with differences driven by patients with SPMS. Higher CGM TSC was independently associated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (R2=0.26), timed 25-foot walk test (R2=0.23), 9-hole peg test (R2=0.23), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (R2=0.29), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (R2=0.31) and executive function (R2=0.36) test scores, independent of grey matter atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Sodium accumulation in CGM reflects underlying neuroaxonal metabolic abnormalities relevant to disease course heterogeneity and disability in relapse-onset MS. TSC and should be considered as an outcome measure in future neuroprotection trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace J Brownlee
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavana Solanky
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ferran Prados
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Yiannakas
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Da Mota
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Jorge Cardoso
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Golay
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,BrainMRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Departmentof Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Meyer MM, Schmidt A, Benrath J, Konstandin S, Pilz LR, Harrington MG, Budjan J, Meyer M, Schad LR, Schoenberg SO, Haneder S. Cerebral sodium ( 23Na) magnetic resonance imaging in patients with migraine - a case-control study. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:7055-7062. [PMID: 31264011 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of MRI-derived cerebral 23Na concentrations in patients with migraine in comparison with healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 24 female migraine patients (mean age, 34 ± 11 years) were enrolled after evaluation of standardized questionnaires. Half (n = 12) of the cohort suffered from migraine, the other half was impaired by both migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH). The combined patient cohort was matched to 12 healthy female controls (mean age, 34 ± 11 years). All participants underwent a cerebral 23Na-magnetic resonance imaging examination at 3.0 T, which included a T1w MP-RAGE sequence and a 3D density-adapted, radial gradient echo sequence for 23Na imaging. Circular regions of interests were placed in predetermined anatomic regions: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray and white matter, brain stem, and cerebellum. External 23Na reference phantoms were used to calculate the total 23Na tissue concentrations. Pearson's correlation, Kendall Tau, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS 23Na concentrations of all patients in the CSF were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). The CSF of both the migraine and mixed migraine/TTH group showed significantly increased sodium concentrations compared to the control group (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001). Within the patient cohort, a positive correlation between pain level and TSC in the CSF (r = 0.62) could be observed. CONCLUSION MRI-derived cerebral 23Na concentrations in the CSF of migraine patients were found to be statistically significantly higher than in healthy controls. KEY POINTS • Cerebral sodium MRI supports the theory of ionic imbalances and may aid in the challenging pathophysiologic understanding of migraine. • Case-control study shows significantly higher sodium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of migraineurs. • Cerebral sodium MRI may become a non-invasive imaging tool for drugs to modulate sodium, and hence migraine, on a molecular level, and influence patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Meyer
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Justus Benrath
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Lothar R Pilz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Budjan
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Meyer
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Haneder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lachner S, Zaric O, Utzschneider M, Minarikova L, Zbýň Š, Hensel B, Trattnig S, Uder M, Nagel AM. Compressed sensing reconstruction of 7 Tesla 23Na multi-channel breast data using 1H MRI constraint. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 60:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
44
|
Grapperon AM, Ridley B, Verschueren A, Maarouf A, Confort-Gouny S, Fortanier E, Schad L, Guye M, Ranjeva JP, Attarian S, Zaaraoui W. Quantitative Brain Sodium MRI Depicts Corticospinal Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Radiology 2019; 292:422-428. [PMID: 31184559 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons. Recent sodium (23Na) MRI studies have shown that abnormal sodium concentration is related to neuronal suffering in neurodegenerative conditions. Purpose To use 23Na MRI to investigate abnormal sodium concentrations and map their distribution in the brains of study participants with ALS as compared with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods Twenty-seven participants with ALS (mean age, 54 years ± 10 [standard deviation], eight women) and 30 healthy control subjects (mean age, 50 years ± 10; 16 women) were prospectively recruited between September 2015 and October 2017 and were examined by using conventional proton MRI and sodium MRI at 3 T. Voxel-based statistical mapping was used to compare quantitative whole-brain total sodium concentration (TSC) maps in participants with ALS with those in control subjects and to localize regions of abnormal elevated TSC. Potential overlap of abnormal elevated TSC with regions of atrophy as detected with 1H MRI also was investigated. Results Voxel-based statistical mapping analyses revealed higher sodium concentration in motor regions (bilateral precentral gyri, corticospinal tracts, and the corpus callosum) of participants with ALS (two-sample t test, P < .005; age and sex as covariates). In these regions, mean TSC was higher in participants with ALS (mean, 45.6 mmol/L wet tissue ± 3.2) than in control subjects (mean, 41.8 mmol/L wet tissue ± 2.7; P < .001; Cohen d = 1.28). Brain regions showing higher TSC represented a volume of 15.4 cm3 that did not overlap with gray matter atrophy occupying a volume of 16.9 cm3. Elevated TSC correlated moderately with corticospinal conduction failure assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation in the right upper limb (Spearman ρ = -0.57; 95% confidence interval: -0.78, -0.16; P = .005; n = 23). Conclusion Quantitative 23Na MRI is sensitive to alterations of brain sodium homeostasis within disease-relevant regions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This supports further investigation of abnormal sodium concentration as a potential marker of neurodegenerative processes in patients with ALS that could be used as a secondary endpoint in clinical trials. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Marie Grapperon
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Ben Ridley
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Annie Verschueren
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Adil Maarouf
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Sylviane Confort-Gouny
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Etienne Fortanier
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Lothar Schad
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Maxime Guye
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Shahram Attarian
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| | - Wafaa Zaaraoui
- From the Aix Marseille University, CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (A.M.G., B.R., A.V., A.M., S.C., E.F., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Referral Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Marseille, France (A.M.G., A.V., E.F., S.A.); APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France (B.R., A.M., S.C., M.G., J.P.R., W.Z.); Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.S.); and Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
In this article, an overview of the current developments and research applications for non-proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHFs) is given. Due to technical and methodical advances, efficient MRI of physiologically relevant nuclei, such as Na, Cl, Cl, K, O, or P has become feasible and is of interest to obtain spatially and temporally resolved information that can be used for biomedical and diagnostic applications. Sodium (Na) MRI is the most widespread multinuclear imaging method with applications ranging over all regions of the human body. Na MRI yields the second largest in vivo NMR signal after the clinically used proton signal (H). However, other nuclei such as O and P (energy metabolism) or Cl and K (cell viability) are used in an increasing number of MRI studies at UHF. One major advancement has been the increased availability of whole-body MR scanners with UHFs (B0 ≥7T) expanding the range of detectable nuclei. Nevertheless, efforts in terms of pulse sequence and post-processing developments as well as hardware designs must be made to obtain valuable information in clinically feasible measurement times. This review summarizes the available methods in the field of non-proton UHF MRI, especially for Na MRI, as well as introduces potential applications in clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Niesporek
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hu R, Kleimaier D, Malzacher M, Hoesl MA, Paschke NK, Schad LR. X‐nuclei imaging: Current state, technical challenges, and future directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:355-376. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruomin Hu
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Dennis Kleimaier
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Matthias Malzacher
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Nadia K. Paschke
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Lothar R. Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meyer MM, Haneder S, Konstandin S, Budjan J, Morelli JN, Schad LR, Kerl HU, Schoenberg SO, Kabbasch C. Repeatability and reproducibility of cerebral 23Na imaging in healthy subjects. BMC Med Imaging 2019; 19:26. [PMID: 30943911 PMCID: PMC6446283 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-019-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Initial reports of 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) date back to the 1970s. However, methodological challenges of the technique hampered its widespread adoption for many years. Recent technical developments have overcome some of these limitations and have led to more optimal conditions for 23Na-MR imaging. In order to serve as a reliable tool for the assessment of clinical stroke or brain tumor patients, we investigated the repeatability and reproducibility of cerebral sodium (23Na) imaging in healthy subjects. Methods In this prospective, IRB approved study 12 consecutive healthy volunteers (8 female, age 31 ± 8.3) underwent three cerebral 23Na-MRI examinations at 3.0 T (TimTrio, Siemens Healthineers) distributed between two separate visits with an 8 day interval. For each scan a T1w MP-RAGE sequence for anatomical referencing and a 3D-density-adapted, radial GRE-sequence for 23Na-imaging were acquired using a dual-tuned (23Na/1H) head-coil. On 1 day, these scans were repeated consecutively; on the other day, the scans were performed once. 23Na-sequences were reconstructed according to the MP-RAGE sequence, allowing direct cross-referencing of ROIs. Circular ROIs were placed in predetermined anatomic regions: gray and white matter (GM, WM), head of the caudate nucleus (HCN), pons, and cerebellum. External 23Na-reference phantoms were used to calculate the tissue sodium content. Results Excellent correlation was found between repeated measurements on the same day (r2 = 0.94), as well as on a different day (r2 = 0.86). No significant differences were found based on laterality other than in the HCN (63.1 vs. 58.7 mmol/kg WW on the right (p = 0.01)). Pronounced inter-individual differences were identified in all anatomic regions. Moderate to good correlation (0.310 to 0.701) was found between the readers. Conclusion Our study has shown that intra-individual 23Na-concentrations in healthy subjects do not significantly differ after repeated scans on the same day and a pre-set time interval. This confirms the repeatability and reproducibility of cerebral 23Na-imaging. However, with manual ROI placement in predetermined anatomic landmarks, fluctuations in 23Na-concentrations can be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Meyer
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Stefan Haneder
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Budjan
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - John N Morelli
- St. John's Medical Center, 1923 South Utica Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans U Kerl
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Kabbasch
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Eisele P, Konstandin S, Szabo K, Ebert A, Roßmanith C, Paschke N, Kerschensteiner M, Platten M, Schoenberg SO, Schad LR, Gass A. Temporal evolution of acute multiple sclerosis lesions on serial sodium (23Na) MRI. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 29:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
49
|
Malzacher M, Chacon-Caldera J, Paschke N, Schad LR. Feasibility study of a double resonant 8-channel 1H/ 8-channel 23Na receive-only head coil at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 59:97-104. [PMID: 30880113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (23Na) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially brain applications are increasingly interesting since sodium MRI can provide additional information about tissue viability and vitality. In order to include sodium MRI in the clinical routine, a single RF setup is preferable which provides high sodium sensitivity and full proton performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and parallel imaging performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of a double resonant receive (Rx) coil array for proton and sodium head MRI. The coil was designed to provide high sodium SNR and full proton performance comparable to commercial coils which are optimized for sodium MRI or for proton MRI, respectively. A measurement setup was built which comprised an 8-channel Rx degenerate Birdcage for sodium imaging and an 8-channel Rx array for proton imaging. The performance of the coil was evaluated against commercial sodium and proton coils using phantom and in-vivo measurements of two healthy volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Malzacher
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jorge Chacon-Caldera
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadia Paschke
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lott J, Platt T, Niesporek SC, Paech D, G. R. Behl N, Niendorf T, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. Corrections of myocardial tissue sodium concentration measurements in human cardiac
23
Na MRI at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:159-173. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lott
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Radiology, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G. R. Behl
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
- MRI. TOOLS GmbH Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology Heidelberg Germany
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen Institute of Radiology Erlangen Germany
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Institute of Medical Physics Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|