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Baumann-Jungmann PM, Giesler P, Schneider J, Jung M, Karampinos DC, Weidlich D, Gersing AS, Baumann FA, Imhoff AB, Woertler K, Bamberg F, Holwein C. MR imaging after patellar MACI and MPFL reconstruction: a comparison of isolated versus combined procedures. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1319-1332. [PMID: 38240761 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the 2.5-year MRI outcome after Matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) at the patella, reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), and combined procedures. METHODS In 66 consecutive patients (age 22.8 ± 6.4years) with MACI at the patella (n = 16), MPFL reconstruction (MPFL; n = 31), or combined procedures (n = 19) 3T MRI was performed 2.5 years after surgery. For morphological MRI evaluation WORMS and MOCART scores were obtained. In addition quantitative cartilage T2 and T1rho relaxation times were acquired. Several clinical scores were obtained. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney-U-tests and Pearson correlations. RESULTS WORMS scores at follow-up (FU) were significantly worse after combined procedures (8.7 ± 4.9) than after isolated MACI (4.3 ± 3.6, P = 0.005) and after isolated MPFL reconstruction (5.3 ± 5.7, P = 0.004). Bone marrow edema at the patella in the combined group was the only (non-significantly) worsening WORMS parameter from pre- to postoperatively. MOCART scores were significantly worse in the combined group than in the isolated MACI group (57 ± 3 vs 88 ± 9, P < 0.001). Perfect defect filling was achieved in 26% and 69% of cases in the combined and MACI group, respectively (P = 0.031). Global and patellar T2 values were higher in the combined group (Global T2: 34.0 ± 2.8ms) and MACI group (35.5 ± 3.1ms) as compared to the MPFL group (31.1 ± 3.2ms, P < 0.05). T2 values correlated significantly with clinical scores (P < 0.005). Clinical Cincinnati scores were significantly worse in the combined group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION After combined surgery with patellar MACI and MPFL reconstruction inferior MRI outcomes were observed than after isolated procedures. Therefore, patients with need for combined surgery may be at particular risk for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Baumann-Jungmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland.
| | - Paula Giesler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra S Gersing
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederic A Baumann
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Hospital of Schiers, Schiers, Switzerland
| | - Andreas B Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Woertler
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Holwein
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Yang R, Chen Z, Pan J, Yang S, Hu F. Non-contrast T1ρ dispersion versus Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1mapping for the risk stratification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rabbit models. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 107:130-137. [PMID: 38278311 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of T1ρ dispersion and Gd-EOB-DTPAenhanced T1mapping in the identification of early liver fibrosis (LF) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rabbit model induced by a high-fat diet using histopathological findings as the standard reference. METHODS A total of sixty rabbits were randomly allocated into the standard control group (n = 12) and the NAFLD model groups (8 rabbits per group) corresponding to different high-fat high cholesterol diet feeding weeks. All rabbits underwent noncontrast transverse T1ρ mapping with varying spin-locking frequencies (FSL = 0 Hz and 500 Hz), native T1 mapping, and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1 mapping during the hepatobiliary phase. The histopathological findings were assessed based on the NASH CRN Scoring System. Statistical analyses were conducted using the intraclass correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, and receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS Except for native T1, T1ρ, T1ρ dispersion, HBP T1, and △T1 values significantly differed among different liver fibrosis groups (F = 14.414, 18.736, 10.15, and 9.799, respectively; all P < 0.05). T1ρ, T1ρ dispersion, HBP T1, and △T1 values also exhibited significant differences among different NASH groups (F = 4.138, 4.594, 21.868, and 22.678, respectively; all P < 0.05). In the multiple regression analysis, liver fibrosis was the only factor that independently influenced T1ρ dispersion (R2 = 0.746, P = 0.000). Among all metrics, T1ρ dispersion demonstrated the best area under curve (AUC) for identifying early LF (≥ F1 stage) and significant LF (≥ F2 stage) (AUC, 0.849 and 0.916, respectively). The performance of △T1 and HBP T1 (AUC, 0.948 and 0.936, respectively) were better than that of T1ρ and T1ρ dispersion (AUC, 0.762 and 0.769, respectively) for diagnosing NASH. CONCLUSION T1⍴ dispersion may be suitable for detecting liver fibrosis in the complex background of NAFLD, while Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced T1 mapping is superior to nonenhanced T1⍴ mapping (T1⍴ and T1⍴ dispersion) for identifying NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No.278, Baoguang Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No.278, Baoguang Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No.278, Baoguang Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd., No.2258, Chengbei Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fubi Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No.278, Baoguang Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Bane O, Lewis SC, Lim RP, Carney BW, Shah A, Fananapazir G. Contemporary and Emerging MRI Strategies for Assessing Kidney Allograft Complications: Arterial Stenosis and Parenchymal Injury, From the AJR Special Series on Imaging of Fibrosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024; 222:e2329418. [PMID: 37315018 PMCID: PMC11006565 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.29418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of kidney allografts for vascular complications as well as parenchymal insults. Transplant renal artery stenosis, the most common vascular complication of kidney transplant, can be evaluated by MRA using gadolinium and nongadolinium contrast agents as well as by unenhanced MRA techniques. Parenchymal injury occurs through a variety of pathways, including graft rejection, acute tubular injury, BK polyomavirus infection, drug-induced interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Investigational MRI techniques have sought to differentiate among these causes of dysfunction as well as to assess the degree of interstitial fibrosis or tubular atrophy (IFTA)-the common end pathway for all of these processes-which is currently evaluated by invasively obtained core biopsies. Some of these MRI sequences have shown promise in not only assessing the cause of parenchymal injury but also assessing IFTA noninvasively. This review describes current clinically used MRI techniques and previews promising investigational MRI techniques for assessing complications of kidney grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Bane
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sara C Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ruth P Lim
- Department of Radiology and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Carney
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y St, Ste 3100, Sacramento, CA 95816
| | - Amar Shah
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ghaneh Fananapazir
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y St, Ste 3100, Sacramento, CA 95816
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Chouari T, Merali N, La Costa F, Santol J, Chapman S, Horton A, Aroori S, Connell J, Rockall TA, Mole D, Starlinger P, Welsh F, Rees M, Frampton AE. The Role of the Multiparametric MRI LiverMultiScan TM in the Quantitative Assessment of the Liver and Its Predicted Clinical Applications in Patients Undergoing Major Hepatic Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4863. [PMID: 37835557 PMCID: PMC10571783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for the histological assessment of the liver. With clear disadvantages and the rise in the incidences of liver disease, the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) and an explosion of surgical management options available, non-invasive serological and imaging markers of liver histopathology have never been more pertinent in order to assess liver health and stratify patients considered for surgical intervention. Liver MRI is a leading modality in the assessment of hepatic malignancy. Recent technological advancements in multiparametric MRI software such as the LiverMultiScanTM offers an attractive non-invasive assay of anatomy and histopathology in the pre-operative setting, especially in the context of CRLM. This narrative review examines the evidence for the LiverMultiScanTM in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis, steatosis/steatohepatitis, and potential applications for chemotherapy-associated hepatic changes. We postulate its future role and the hurdles it must surpass in order to be implemented in the pre-operative management of patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis. Such a role likely extends to other hepatic malignancies planned for resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Chouari
- MATTU, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (T.C.)
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Oncology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Nabeel Merali
- MATTU, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (T.C.)
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Oncology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Francesca La Costa
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Jonas Santol
- Department of Surgery, HPB Center, Vienna Health Network, Clinic Favoriten and Sigmund Freud Private University, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shelley Chapman
- Department of Radiology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Alex Horton
- Department of Radiology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Somaiah Aroori
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Transplant Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK
| | | | - Timothy A. Rockall
- MATTU, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (T.C.)
- Oncology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Damian Mole
- Clinical Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH105HF, UK
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fenella Welsh
- Hepato-Biliary Unit, Hampshire Hospitals Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9NA, UK
| | - Myrddin Rees
- Hepato-Biliary Unit, Hampshire Hospitals Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9NA, UK
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- MATTU, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK; (T.C.)
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Oncology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
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Liu CY, Noda C, van der Geest RJ, Triaire B, Kassai Y, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Sex-specific associations in multiparametric 3 T MRI measurements in adult livers. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:3072-3078. [PMID: 37378865 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI relaxometry mapping and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) have been proposed for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. However, sex-specific relationships of age and body fat with these MRI parameters have not been studied in detail among adults without clinically manifest hepatic disease. We aimed to determine the sex-specific correlation of multiparametric MRI parameters with age and body fat and to evaluate their interplay associations. METHODS 147 study participants (84 women, mean age 48±14 years, range 19-85 years) were prospectively enrolled. 3 T MRI including T1, T2 and T1ρ mapping and PDFF and R2* map were acquired. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were measured on the fat images from Dixon water-fat separation sequence. RESULTS All MRI parameters demonstrated sex difference except for T1ρ. PDFF was more related to visceral than subcutaneous fat. Per 100 ml gain of visceral or subcutaneous fat is associated with 1 or 0.4% accretion of liver fat, respectively. PDFF and R2* were higher in men (both P = 0.01) while T1 and T2 were higher in women (both P < 0.01). R2* was positively but T1 and T2 were negatively associated with age in women (all P < 0.01), while T1ρ was positively related to age in men (P < 0.05). In all studies, R2* was positively and T1ρ was negatively associated with PDFF (both P <0.0001). CONCLUSION Visceral fat plays an essential role in the elevated liver fat. When using MRI parametric measures for liver disease evaluation, the interplay between these parameters should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chikara Noda
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rob J van der Geest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - João A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gaur S, Panda A, Fajardo JE, Hamilton J, Jiang Y, Gulani V. Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: A Review of Clinical Applications. Invest Radiol 2023; 58:561-577. [PMID: 37026802 PMCID: PMC10330487 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is an approach to quantitative magnetic resonance imaging that allows for efficient simultaneous measurements of multiple tissue properties, which are then used to create accurate and reproducible quantitative maps of these properties. As the technique has gained popularity, the extent of preclinical and clinical applications has vastly increased. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of currently investigated preclinical and clinical applications of MRF, as well as future directions. Topics covered include MRF in neuroimaging, neurovascular, prostate, liver, kidney, breast, abdominal quantitative imaging, cardiac, and musculoskeletal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gaur
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ananya Panda
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Jesse Hamilton
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Vikas Gulani
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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Bustin A, Witschey WRT, van Heeswijk RB, Cochet H, Stuber M. Magnetic resonance myocardial T1ρ mapping : Technical overview, challenges, emerging developments, and clinical applications. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:34. [PMID: 37331930 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of cardiac magnetic resonance to improve cardiovascular care and patient management is considerable. Myocardial T1-rho (T1ρ) mapping, in particular, has emerged as a promising biomarker for quantifying myocardial injuries without exogenous contrast agents. Its potential as a contrast-agent-free ("needle-free") and cost-effective diagnostic marker promises high impact both in terms of clinical outcomes and patient comfort. However, myocardial T1ρ mapping is still at a nascent stage of development and the evidence supporting its diagnostic performance and clinical effectiveness is scant, though likely to change with technological improvements. The present review aims at providing a primer on the essentials of myocardial T1ρ mapping, and to describe the current range of clinical applications of the technique to detect and quantify myocardial injuries. We also delineate the important limitations and challenges for clinical deployment, including the urgent need for standardization, the evaluation of bias, and the critical importance of clinical testing. We conclude by outlining technical developments to be expected in the future. If needle-free myocardial T1ρ mapping is shown to improve patient diagnosis and prognosis, and can be effectively integrated in cardiovascular practice, it will fulfill its potential as an essential component of a cardiac magnetic resonance examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Bustin
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France.
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Ruud B van Heeswijk
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Cochet
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Matthias Stuber
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33604, Pessac, France
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zu Z, Adelnia F, Harkins K, Wang F, Ostenson J, Gore JC. Correction of errors in estimates of T 1ρ at low spin-lock amplitudes in the presence of B 0 and B 1 inhomogeneities. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4951. [PMID: 37070215 PMCID: PMC10619883 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Relaxation rates R1ρ in the rotating frame measured by spin-lock methods at very low locking amplitudes (≤ 100 Hz) are sensitive to the effects of water diffusion in intrinsic gradients and may provide information on tissue microvasculature, but accurate estimates are challenging in the presence of B0 and B1 inhomogeneities. Although composite pulse preparations have been developed to compensate for nonuniform fields, the transverse magnetization comprises different components and the spin-lock signals measured do not decay exponentially as a function of locking interval at low locking amplitudes. For example, during a typical preparation sequence, some of the magnetization in the transverse plane is nutated to the Z-axis and later tipped back, and so does not experience R1ρ relaxation. As a result, if the spin-lock signals are fit to a monoexponential decay with locking interval, there are residual errors in quantitative estimates of relaxation rates R1ρ and their dispersion with weak locking fields. We developed an approximate theoretical analysis to model the behaviors of the different components of the magnetization, which provides a means to correct these errors. The performance of this correction approach was evaluated both through numerical simulations and on human brain images at 3 T, and compared with a previous correction method using matrix multiplication. Our correction approach has better performance than the previous method at low locking amplitudes. Through careful shimming, the correction approach can be applied in studies using low spin-lock amplitudes to assess the contribution of diffusion to R1ρ dispersion and to derive estimates of microvascular sizes and spacings. The results of imaging eight healthy subjects suggest that R1ρ dispersion in human brain at low locking fields arises from diffusion among inhomogeneities that generate intrinsic gradients on a scale of capillaries (~7.4 ± 0.5 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fatemeh Adelnia
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin Harkins
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason Ostenson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Dong Z, Yin G, Yang K, Jiang K, Wu Z, Chen X, Song Y, Yu S, Wang J, Yang S, Ma X, Xu Y, Zhao K, Lu M, Xu X, Zhao S. Endogenous assessment of late gadolinium enhancement grey zone in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy with T1ρ and native T1 mapping. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:492-502. [PMID: 35793269 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to validate and compare the feasibility of T1ρ and native longitudinal relaxation time (T1) mapping in detection of myocardial fibrosis in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, focusing on the performance of both methods in identifying late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) grey zone. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-seven hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, 16 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients, and 18 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled for native T1 and T1ρ mapping imaging and then all the patients underwent enhancement scan for LGE extent and extracellular volume (ECV) values. In LGE positive patients, the LGE areas were divided into LGE core (6 SDs above remote myocardium) and grey zone (2-6 SDs above remote myocardium) according to the signal intensity of LGE. Both HCM and DCM patients showed significantly higher native T1 values and T1ρ values than controls no matter the presence of LGE (all P < 0.01). There were significant differences in native T1 and T1ρ values among four different types of myocardia (LGE core, grey zone, remote area and control, P < 0.0001). However, the T1ρ values of grey zone were significantly higher than control (P < 0.01), while the native T1 values were not (P = 0.089). T1ρ values were significantly associated with both native T1 values (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) and ECV values (r = 0.54, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION T1ρ mapping is a feasible method to detect myocardial fibrosis in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy no matter the presence of LGE. Compared with native T1, T1ρ may serve as a better discriminator in the identification of LGE grey zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Dong
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Philips Healthcare, Tianze Road No.16, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Philips Healthcare, Tianze Road No.16, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiuyu Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shiqing Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yangfei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Chizhou People's Hospital, Baiya Middle Road No.3, Guichi District, Anhui 247099, China
| | - Kankan Zhao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SZ University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minjie Lu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Chizhou People's Hospital, Baiya Middle Road No.3, Guichi District, Anhui 247099, China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beilishi Road No.167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
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10
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Hou J, Wong VWS, Qian Y, Jiang B, Chan AWH, Leung HHW, Wong GLH, Yu SCH, Chu WCW, Chen W. Detecting Early-Stage Liver Fibrosis Using Macromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping Based on Spin-Lock MRI: Preliminary Observations. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:485-492. [PMID: 35753084 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is characterized by macromolecule depositions. Recently, a novel technology termed macromolecular proton fraction quantification based on spin-lock magnetic resonance imaging (MPF-SL) is reported to measure macromolecule levels. HYPOTHESIS MPF-SL can detect early-stage liver fibrosis by measuring macromolecule levels in the liver. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Fifty-five participants, including 22 with no fibrosis (F0) and 33 with early-stage fibrosis (F1-2), were recruited. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T; two-dimensional (2D) MPF-SL turbo spin-echo sequence, 2D spin-lock T1rho turbo spin-echo sequence, and multi-slice 2D gradient echo sequence. ASSESSMENT Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF), T1rho, liver iron concentration (LIC), and fat fraction (FF) biomarkers were quantified within regions of interest. STATISTICAL TESTS Group comparison of the biomarkers using Mann-Whitney U tests; correlation between the biomarkers assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and linear regression with goodness-of-fit; fibrosis stage differentiation using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Average T1rho was 41.76 ± 2.94 msec for F0 and 41.15 ± 3.73 msec for F1-2 (P = 0.60). T1rho showed nonsignificant correlation with either liver fibrosis (ρ = -0.07; P = 0.61) or FF (ρ = -0.14; P = 0.35) but indicated a negative correlation with LIC (ρ = -0.66). MPF was 4.73 ± 0.45% and 5.65 ± 0.81% for F0 and F1-2 participants, respectively. MPF showed a positive correlation with liver fibrosis (ρ = 0.59), and no significant correlations with LIC (ρ = 0.02; P = 0.89) or FF (ρ = 0.05; P = 0.72). The area under the ROC curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-0.95) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.39-0.71; P = 0.55) for MPF and T1rho to discriminate between F0 and F1-2 fibrosis, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION MPF-SL has the potential to diagnose early-stage liver fibrosis and does not appear to be confounded by either LIC or FF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent W-S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Medical Data Analytics Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yurui Qian
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Baiyan Jiang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony W-H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Howard H-W Leung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Grace L-H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Medical Data Analytics Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon C-H Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie C-W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weitian Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Yang Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Chen Z, Liu X, Zheng H, Liang D, Zhu Y. A robust adiabatic constant amplitude spin-lock preparation module for myocardial T 1ρ quantification at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4830. [PMID: 36093600 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
T1ρ quantification has the potential to assess myocardial fibrosis without contrast agent. However, its preparation spin-lock pulse is sensitive to B1 and B0 inhomogeneities, resulting in severe banding artifacts in the heart region, especially at high magnetic field such as 3 T. We aimed to design a robust spin-lock (SL) preparation module that can be used in myocardial T1ρ quantification at 3 T. We used the tan/tanh pulse to tip up and tip down the magnetization in the spin-lock preparation module (tan/tanh-SL). Bloch simulation was used to optimize pulse shape parameters of the tan/tanh with a pulse duration (Tp ) of 8, 4, and 2 ms, respectively. The designed tan/tanh-SL modules were implemented on a 3-T MR scanner. They were evaluated in phantom studies under three different cases of B0 and B1 inhomogeneities, and tested in cardiac T1ρ quantification of healthy volunteers. The performance of the tan/tanh-SL was compared with the composite SL preparation pulses and the commonly used hyperbolic secant pulse for spin-lock (HS-SL). Feasible pulse shape parameters were obtained using Bloch simulation. Compared with HS-SL, the quantification error of tan/tanh-SL was reduced by 27.7% for Tp = 8 ms (mean ∆Q = 126.15 vs. 174.42) and 75.6% for Tp = 4 ms (mean ∆Q = 136.65 vs. 559.53). In the phantom study, tan/tanh-SL was less sensitive to B1 and B0 inhomogeneity compared with composite SL pulses and HS-SL. In cardiac T1ρ quantification, the T1ρ maps using tan/tanh-SL showed fewer banding artifacts than using composite SL pulses and HS-SL. The proposed tan/tanh-SL preparation module greatly improves the robustness to B0 and B1 field inhomogeneities and can be used in cardiac T1ρ quantification at 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Che Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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12
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Fotaki A, Velasco C, Prieto C, Botnar RM. Quantitative MRI in cardiometabolic disease: From conventional cardiac and liver tissue mapping techniques to multi-parametric approaches. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:991383. [PMID: 36756640 PMCID: PMC9899858 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.991383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease refers to the spectrum of chronic conditions that include diabetes, hypertension, atheromatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their long-term impact on cardiovascular health. Histological studies have confirmed several modifications at the tissue level in cardiometabolic disease. Recently, quantitative MR methods have enabled non-invasive myocardial and liver tissue characterization. MR relaxation mapping techniques such as T1, T1ρ, T2 and T2* provide a pixel-by-pixel representation of the corresponding tissue specific relaxation times, which have been shown to correlate with fibrosis, altered tissue perfusion, oedema and iron levels. Proton density fat fraction mapping approaches allow measurement of lipid tissue in the organ of interest. Several studies have demonstrated their utility as early diagnostic biomarkers and their potential to bear prognostic implications. Conventionally, the quantification of these parameters by MRI relies on the acquisition of sequential scans, encoding and mapping only one parameter per scan. However, this methodology is time inefficient and suffers from the confounding effects of the relaxation parameters in each single map, limiting wider clinical and research applications. To address these limitations, several novel approaches have been proposed that encode multiple tissue parameters simultaneously, providing co-registered multiparametric information of the tissues of interest. This review aims to describe the multi-faceted myocardial and hepatic tissue alterations in cardiometabolic disease and to motivate the application of relaxometry and proton-density cardiac and liver tissue mapping techniques. Current approaches in myocardial and liver tissue characterization as well as latest technical developments in multiparametric quantitative MRI are included. Limitations and challenges of these novel approaches, and recommendations to facilitate clinical validation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Fotaki
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Anastasia Fotaki,
| | - Carlos Velasco
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - René M. Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Ma Y, Jang H, Jerban S, Chang EY, Chung CB, Bydder GM, Du J. Making the invisible visible-ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging: Technical developments and applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 9:041303. [PMID: 36467869 PMCID: PMC9677812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnetic field and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues and fluids with long transverse relaxation times (T2s), such as muscle, cartilage, liver, white matter, gray matter, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, bone, lung parenchyma, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort T2s. After radio frequency excitation, their transverse magnetizations typically decay to zero or near zero before the receiving mode is enabled for spatial encoding with conventional MR imaging. As a result, these tissues appear dark, and their MR properties are inaccessible. However, when ultrashort echo times (UTEs) are used, signals can be detected from these tissues before they decay to zero. This review summarizes recent technical developments in UTE MRI of tissues with short and ultrashort T2 relaxation times. A series of UTE MRI techniques for high-resolution morphological and quantitative imaging of these short-T2 tissues are discussed. Applications of UTE imaging in the musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems of the body are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Graeme M Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (858) 246-2248, Fax: (858) 246-2221
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14
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Huang C, Qian Y, Yu SCH, Hou J, Jiang B, Chan Q, Wong VWS, Chu WCW, Chen W. Uncertainty-aware self-supervised neural network for liver T1ρmapping with relaxation constraint. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 36317270 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac9e3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.T1ρmapping is a promising quantitative MRI technique for the non-invasive assessment of tissue properties. Learning-based approaches can mapT1ρfrom a reduced number ofT1ρweighted images but requires significant amounts of high-quality training data. Moreover, existing methods do not provide the confidence level of theT1ρestimation. We aim to develop a learning-based liverT1ρmapping approach that can mapT1ρwith a reduced number of images and provide uncertainty estimation.Approach. We proposed a self-supervised neural network that learns aT1ρmapping using the relaxation constraint in the learning process. Epistemic uncertainty and aleatoric uncertainty are modelled for theT1ρquantification network to provide a Bayesian confidence estimation of theT1ρmapping. The uncertainty estimation can also regularize the model to prevent it from learning imperfect data. Main results. We conducted experiments onT1ρdata collected from 52 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The results showed that when only collecting twoT1ρ-weighted images, our method outperformed the existing methods forT1ρquantification of the liver. Our uncertainty estimation can further regularize the model to improve the performance of the model and it is consistent with the confidence level of liverT1ρvalues.Significance. Our method demonstrates the potential for accelerating theT1ρmapping of the liver by using a reduced number of images. It simultaneously provides uncertainty ofT1ρquantification which is desirable in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Huang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,CUHK Lab of AI in Radiology (CLAIR), Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurui Qian
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon Chun-Ho Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,CUHK Lab of AI in Radiology (CLAIR), Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyan Jiang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Illuminatio Medical Technology Limited, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Queenie Chan
- Philips Healthcare, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,CUHK Lab of AI in Radiology (CLAIR), Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitian Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,CUHK Lab of AI in Radiology (CLAIR), Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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15
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Noninvasive surrogates are poor predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with Fontan circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 164:1176-1185.e3. [PMID: 35034765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Fontan circulation exhibit a high incidence of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Transient elastography (TE) and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test have proven useful as noninvasive surrogate markers of liver fibrosis for other chronic liver diseases. We evaluated whether TE and the ELF score can predict the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with Fontan circulation. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 45 adult patients with at least 10 years of Fontan duration who had undergone liver biopsy and investigated the relation between the fibrosis stage and TE and the ELF test results. Additionally, the association of these variables and other biochemical and hemodynamic parameters was assessed. RESULTS The mean age was 25.9 years and the mean Fontan duration was 20.8 years. Advanced liver fibrosis was present in 36 (80.0%) patients. TE or ELF score are comparable for patients with and without advanced liver fibrosis (mean 23.3 vs 24.8 kPa [P = .85] for TE; mean 8.94 vs 9.25 [P = .44] for the ELF score). However, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level and ventricular end-diastolic pressure were higher in patients with advanced liver fibrosis (mean 224 vs 80 pg/mL [P < .01]; and mean 12 vs 9 mm Hg [P = .04], respectively). No independent predictor of advanced liver fibrosis was found in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS TE and the ELF score were unable to predict the degree of liver fibrosis in Fontan patients. Liver biopsy remains as the only valid method to assess fibrotic burden in this population.
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16
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Pang Y. A self-compensated spin-locking scheme for quantitative R 1ρ dispersion MR imaging in ordered tissues. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 94:112-118. [PMID: 36181969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a self-compensated spin-locking (SL) method for quantitative R1ρ dispersion imaging in ordered tissues. METHODS Two pairs of antiphase rotary-echo SL pulses were proposed in a new scheme with each pairs sandwiching one refocusing RF pulse. This proposed SL method was evaluated by Bloch simulations and experimental studies relative to three prior schemes. Quantitative R1ρR dispersion imaging studies with constant SL duration (TSL = 40 ms) were carried out on an agarose (1-4% w/v) phantom and one in vivo human knee at 3 T, using six SL RF strengths ranging from 50 to 1000 Hz. The performances of these SL schemes were characterized with an average coefficient of variation (CV) of the signal intensities in agarose gels and the sum of squared errors (SSE) for quantifying in vivo R1ρ dispersion of the femoral and tibial cartilage. RESULTS The simulations demonstrate that the proposed SL scheme was less prone to B0 and B1 field inhomogeneities. This theoretical prediction was supported by fewer image banding artifacts and less signal fluctuation signified by a reduced CV (%) on the phantom without R1ρ dispersion (i.e., 4.04 ± 1.36 vs. 18.87 ± 4.46 or 6.66 ± 2.92 or 5.71 ± 2.05 for others), and further by mostly decreased SSE (*10-3) for characterizing R1ρ dispersion of the femoral (i.e., 0.3 vs. 1.2 or 0.4 or 0.1) and tibial (i.e., 0.4 vs. 7.2 or 3.2 or 2.8) cartilage. CONCLUSION The proposed SL scheme is less sensitive to B0 and B1 field artifacts for a wide range of SL RF strengths and thus more suitable for quantitative R1ρ dispersion imaging in ordered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Pang
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Im WH, Song JS, Jang W. Noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis: review of current quantitative CT and MRI-based techniques. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:3051-3067. [PMID: 34228199 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis features excessive protein accumulation in the liver interstitial space resulting from repeated tissue injury due to chronic liver disease. Liver fibrosis eventually proceeds to cirrhosis and associated complications. So, early diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis are of vital importance for clinical treatment. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosing and staging of fibrosis, but it is suboptimal due to various limitations. Recently, efforts have been made to migrate toward noninvasive techniques for assessing liver fibrosis. CT is relatively easy to perform, relatively standardized for different scanners, and does not require additional hardware in liver fibrosis staging. MRI is frequently performed to characterize indeterminate liver lesions. Because it does not use ionizing radiation and features high image contrast, its role has increased in the staging of liver fibrosis. More recently, several studies on liver fibrosis staging using deep learning algorithms in CT or MRI have been proposed and have shown meaningful results. In this review, we summarize the basic concept, diagnostic performance, and advantages and limitations of each technique to noninvasively stage liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyeong Im
- Department of Radiology, The 3rd Flying Training Wing, Sacheon, 52516, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Weon Jang
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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18
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Qi H, Lv Z, Hu J, Xu J, Botnar R, Prieto C, Hu P. Accelerated 3D free-breathing high-resolution myocardial T 1ρ mapping at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2520-2531. [PMID: 36054715 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a fast free-breathing whole-heart high-resolution myocardial T1ρ mapping technique with robust spin-lock preparation that can be performed at 3 Tesla. METHODS An adiabatically excited continuous-wave spin-lock module, insensitive to field inhomogeneities, was implemented with an electrocardiogram-triggered low-flip angle spoiled gradient echo sequence with variable-density 3D Cartesian undersampling at a 3 Tesla whole-body scanner. A saturation pulse was performed at the beginning of each cardiac cycle to null the magnetization before T1ρ preparation. Multiple T1ρ -weighted images were acquired with T1ρ preparations with different spin-lock times in an interleaved fashion. Respiratory self-gating approach was adopted along with localized autofocus to enable 3D translational motion correction of the data acquired in each heartbeat. After motion correction, multi-contrast locally low-rank reconstruction was performed to reduce undersampling artifacts. The accuracy and feasibility of the 3D T1ρ mapping technique was investigated in phantoms and in vivo in 10 healthy subjects compared with the 2D T1ρ mapping. RESULTS The 3D T1ρ mapping technique provided similar phantom T1ρ measurements in the range of 25-120 ms to the 2D T1ρ mapping reference over a wide range of simulated heart rates. With the robust adiabatically excited continuous-wave spin-lock preparation, good quality 2D and 3D in vivo T1ρ -weighted images and T1ρ maps were obtained. Myocardial T1ρ values with the 3D T1ρ mapping were slightly longer than 2D breath-hold measurements (septal T1ρ : 52.7 ± 1.4 ms vs. 50.2 ± 1.8 ms, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION A fast 3D free-breathing whole-heart T1ρ mapping technique was proposed for T1ρ quantification at 3 T with isotropic spatial resolution (2 mm3 ) and short scan time of ∼4.5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpu Hu
- United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- UIH America, Inc., Houston, Texas
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Welle CL, Olson MC, Reeder SB, Venkatesh SK. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrosis, Fat, and Iron. Radiol Clin North Am 2022; 60:705-716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Qian Y, Hou J, Jiang B, Wong VWS, Lee J, Chan Q, Wang Y, Chu WCW, Chen W. Characterization and correction of the effects of hepatic iron on T 1ρ relaxation in the liver at 3.0T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1828-1839. [PMID: 35608236 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative T1ρ imaging is an emerging technique to assess the biochemical properties of tissues. In this paper, we report our observation that liver iron content (LIC) affects T1ρ quantification of the liver at 3.0T field strength and develop a method to correct the effect of LIC. THEORY AND METHODS On-resonance R1ρ (1/T1ρ ) is mainly affected by the intrinsic R2 (1/T2 ), which is influenced by LIC. As on-resonance R1ρ is closely related to the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) R2 , and because the calibration between CPMG R2 and LIC has been reported at 1.5T, a correction method was proposed to correct the R2 contribution to the R1ρ . The correction coefficient was obtained from the calibration results and related transformed factors. To compensate for the difference between CPMG R2 and R1ρ , a scaling factor was determined using the values of CPMG R2 and R1ρ , obtained simultaneously from a single breath-hold from volunteers. The livers of 110 subjects were scanned to validate the correction method. RESULTS LIC was significantly correlated with R1ρ in the liver. However, when the proposed correction method was applied to R1ρ , LIC and the iron-corrected R1ρ were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSION LIC can affect T1ρ in the liver. We developed an iron-correction method for the quantification of T1ρ in the liver at 3.0T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Qian
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiyan Jiang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Illuminatio Medical Technology Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Lee
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Biostatistics, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weitian Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Saito S, Arihara N, Sawaya R, Morimoto-Ishikawa D, Ueda J. Metabolites Alterations and Liver Injury in Hepatic Encephalopathy Models Evaluated by Use of 7T-MRI. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050396. [PMID: 35629900 PMCID: PMC9147964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to observe a thioacetamide (TAA) administered Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) model rats at three and ten days after TAA administration using liver MRI and brain MR Spectroscopy (MRS) by use of 7T-MRI. Forty-two Wistar rats (control group, n = 14) were intraperitoneally administered at 300 mg/kg (low-dose group, n = 14) or 400 mg/kg (high-dose group, n = 14) doses of TAA for induced of HE. At three days after TAA administration, glutamine (Gln) measured by MRS in high-dose and low-dose TAA groups showed significant increases in comparison to those of the control group (p < 0.05). Other metabolites measured by MRS showed no significant changes. Liver T1ρ and T2 relaxation times significantly increased three days after TAA injection compared to pre-injection. There was a correlation between Gln levels in the brain and the relaxation time of the liver. Furthermore, Gln levels and relaxation time changed depending on the TAA dose. The Gln concentration in the brain increased with the deterioration of liver function, as inferred from the prolonged relaxation time of the liver. The prolonged relaxation time of the liver corresponded with the level of Gln in the brain. Gln concentration for the alterations of brain metabolites and T1ρ relaxation time for the assessment of liver damage are useful markers for inter-organ association analysis in the HE model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (N.A.); (R.S.); (J.U.)
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-2619
| | - Narumi Arihara
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (N.A.); (R.S.); (J.U.)
| | - Reika Sawaya
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (N.A.); (R.S.); (J.U.)
| | | | - Junpei Ueda
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Area of Medical Imaging Technology and Science, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (N.A.); (R.S.); (J.U.)
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22
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Arihara N, Saito S, Sawaya R, Onishi R, Tsuji K, Ohki A, Ueda J, Morimoto-Ishiwaka D. Evaluation of liver T 1rho and T 2 values in acute liver inflammation models using 7T-MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 88:20-24. [PMID: 35091025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We measured the T 1rho and T 2 values the liver of acute liver inflammation model mice administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) after 3 days and 6 days after dispensed, and we compared and examined whether each relaxation time can be used for detect acute liver inflammation. METHODS To create an acute liver inflammation model, a mixture of 0.2 ml / 100 g of CCl 4 with an equal amount of Sesame Oil was administered once intraperitoneally to C57BL / 6JJmsSlc mice (n = 15). On the 3 days and 6 days after administration, we acquired T 1rho mapping images and T 2 mapping images of the liver under respiratory synchronization using for preclinical 7T-MRI, and we measured T 1rho and T 2 values and compared statistically. RESULTS The liver T 1rho value of control mice was 33.9 ± 2.5 ms before CCl 4 administration, 43.2 ± 4.9 ms (p < 0.01) on the 3 days post CCl 4 injection, and 41.0 ± 1.2 ms (p < 0.001) on the 6 days post CCl 4 injection. The rate showed a significant increase of 27% on the 3 days after, as well as significant increase of 21% on the 6 days after. On the other hand, the liver T 2 value of control mice was 26.7 ± 1.9 ms before CCl 4 administration, 31.5 ± 3.4 ms (p < 0.05) 3 days post CCl 4 injection, and 29.0 ± 2.0 ms (p = 0.06) 6 days post CCl4 injection. The rate 3 days after CCl 4 administration showed a significant increase of 18%, after 6 days rate increased 9%, but no significant difference was confirmed compared with normal mice. CONCLUSIONS The T 1rho value changed significantly compared to the T 2 value, and a continuous change was observed even after 6 days. T 1rho mapping can diagnose acute liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Arihara
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan; Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Reika Sawaya
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Ryutarou Onishi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Keiho Tsuji
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohki
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Kyoto University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Ueda
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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23
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Takayama Y, Nishie A, Ishimatsu K, Ushijima Y, Fujita N, Kubo Y, Yoshizumi T, Kouhashi KI, Maehara J, Akamine Y, Ishigami K. Diagnostic potential of T1ρ and T2 relaxations in assessing the severity of liver fibrosis and necro-inflammation. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 87:104-112. [PMID: 34999164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the utility of T1ρ and T2 relaxations for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis (F stage) and necro-inflammation (A stage) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We calculated T1ρ and T2 relaxations of the liver parenchyma in 82 patients who underwent liver surgery. F and A stages of enrolled patients were assessed by referring to surgically resected specimens. The relationships between T1ρ or T2 relaxation and F or A stage were assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test, Spearman's rank correlation test and a receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS The T1ρ and T2 values of the liver parenchyma were significantly increased as the F and A stages progressed. The T1ρ and T2 values showed significant differences between F0 and F4, between F1 and F4, and between F2 and F4. In addition, T1ρ values showed a significant difference between F0 and F3 as well. The highest diagnostic ability for fibrosis was obtained when differentiating ≥F3 from ≤F2 using T1ρ: the sensitivity was 82.8%, the specificity 79.2% and the area under the curve (AUC) 0.87. The sensitivity and AUC of T1ρ relaxation (46.9% and 0.67) were significantly higher than those of T2 relaxation (29.7% and 0.60) for differentiating ≥A1 from A0. CONCLUSION T1ρ and T2 relaxations have potential as a biochemical marker for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis and necro-inflammation. T1ρ relaxation may be slightly superior to T2 relaxation in terms of diagnostic ability for liver fibrosis and necro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Takayama
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishie
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ishimatsu
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ushijima
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Fujita
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kubo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kouhashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junki Maehara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Akamine
- Philips Japan. Ltd., Konan 2-13-37, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8507, Japan
| | - Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Giesler P, Baumann FA, Weidlich D, Karampinos DC, Jung M, Holwein C, Schneider J, Gersing AS, Imhoff AB, Bamberg F, Jungmann PM. Patellar instability MRI measurements are associated with knee joint degeneration after reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:535-547. [PMID: 34218322 PMCID: PMC8763754 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the 2-year magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome after MPFL reconstruction at the knee and to assess MRI-based risk factors that predispose for inferior clinical and imaging outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 31 patients with MPFL reconstruction were included (22 ± 6 years, 10 female). MRI was performed preoperatively in 21/31 patients. Two-year follow-up MRI included quantitative cartilage T2 and T1rho relaxation time measurements at the ipsilateral and contralateral knee. T2relative was calculated as T2patellofemoral/T2femorotibial. Morphological evaluation was conducted via WORMS scores. Patellar instability parameters and clinical scores were obtained. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, multivariate regression models, and correlation analyses. RESULTS Two years after MPFL reconstruction, all patellae were clinically stable. Mean total WORMS scores improved significantly from baseline to follow-up (mean difference ± SEM, - 4.0 ± 1.3; P = 0.005). As compared to patients with no worsening of WORMS subscores over time (n = 5), patients with worsening of any WORMS subscore (n = 16) had lower trochlear depth, lower facetal ratio, higher tibial-tuberosity to trochlear groove (TTTG) distance, and higher postoperative lateral patellar tilt (P < 0.05). T2relative was higher at the ipsilateral knee (P = 0.010). T2relative was associated with preoperatively higher patellar tilt (P = 0.021) and higher TTTG distance (P = 0.034). TTTG distance, global T2 values, and WORMS progression correlated with clinical outcomes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MPFL reconstruction is an optimal treatment strategy to restore patellar stability. Still, progressive knee joint degeneration and patellofemoral cartilage matrix degeneration may be observed, with patellar instability MRI parameters representing particular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Giesler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederic A. Baumann
- Clinical and Interventional Angiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Holwein
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra S. Gersing
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia M. Jungmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Velasco C, Cruz G, Lavin B, Hua A, Fotaki A, Botnar RM, Prieto C. Simultaneous T 1 , T 2 , and T 1ρ cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting for contrast agent-free myocardial tissue characterization. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1992-2002. [PMID: 34799854 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a simultaneous T1 , T2 , and T1ρ cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) approach to enable comprehensive contrast agent-free myocardial tissue characterization in a single breath-hold scan. METHODS A 2D gradient-echo electrocardiogram-triggered cardiac MRF sequence with low flip angles, varying magnetization preparation, and spiral trajectory was acquired at 1.5 T to encode T1 , T2 , and T1⍴ simultaneously. The MRF images were reconstructed using low-rank inversion, regularized with a multicontrast patch-based higher-order reconstruction. Parametric maps were generated and matched in the singular value domain to extended phase graph-based dictionaries. The proposed approach was tested in phantoms and 10 healthy subjects and compared against conventional methods in terms of coefficients of determination and best fits for the phantom study, and in terms of Bland-Altman agreement, average values and coefficient of variation of T1 , T2 , and T1⍴ for the healthy subjects study. RESULTS The T1 , T2 , and T1⍴ MRF values showed excellent correlation with conventional spin-echo and clinical mapping methods in phantom studies (r2 > 0.97). Measured MRF values in myocardial tissue (mean ± SD) were 1133 ± 33 ms, 38.8 ± 3.5 ms, and 52.0 ± 4.0 ms for T1 , T2 and T1⍴ , respectively, against 1053 ± 47 ms, 50.4 ± 3.9 ms, and 55.9 ± 3.3 ms for T1 modified Look-Locker inversion imaging, T2 gradient and spin echo, and T1⍴ turbo field echo, respectively. CONCLUSION A cardiac MRF approach for simultaneous quantification of myocardial T1 , T2 , and T1ρ in a single breath-hold MR scan of about 16 seconds has been proposed. The approach has been investigated in phantoms and healthy subjects showing good agreement with reference spin echo measurements and conventional clinical maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gastão Cruz
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alina Hua
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Fotaki
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Velasco C, Cruz G, Jaubert O, Lavin B, Botnar RM, Prieto C. Simultaneous comprehensive liver T 1 , T 2 , T 2 ∗ , T 1ρ , and fat fraction characterization with MR fingerprinting. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1980-1991. [PMID: 34792212 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel simultaneous co-registered T1 , T2 , T 2 ∗ , T1ρ , and fat fraction abdominal MR fingerprinting (MRF) approach for fully comprehensive liver-tissue characterization in a single breath-hold scan. METHODS A gradient-echo liver MRF sequence with low fixed flip angle, multi-echo radial readout, and varying magnetization preparation pulses for multiparametric encoding is performed at 1.5 T. The T 2 ∗ and fat fraction are estimated from a graph/cut water/fat separation method using a six-peak fat model. Water/fat singular images obtained are then matched to an MRF dictionary, estimating water-specific T1 , T2 , and T1ρ . The proposed approach was tested in phantoms and 10 healthy subjects and compared against conventional sequences. RESULTS For the phantom studies, linear fits show excellent coefficients of determination (r2 > 0.9) for every parametric map. For in vivo studies, the average values measured within regions of interest drawn on liver, spleen, muscle, and fat are statistically different from the reference scans (p < 0.05) for T1 , T2 , and T1⍴ but not for T 2 ∗ and fat fraction, whereas correlation between MRF and reference scans is excellent for each parameter (r2 > 0.92 for every parameter). CONCLUSION The proposed multi-echo inversion-recovery, T2 , and T1⍴ prepared liver MRF sequence presented in this work allows for quantitative T1 , T2 , T 2 ∗ , T1⍴ , and fat fraction liver-tissue characterization in a single breath-hold scan of 18 seconds. The approach showed good agreement and correlation with respect to reference clinical maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gastão Cruz
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Jaubert
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Liu JY, Cai YY, Ding ZY, Zhou ZY, Lv M, Liu H, Zheng LY, Li L, Luo YH, Xiao EH. Characterizing Fibrosis and Inflammation in a Partial Bile Duct Ligation Mouse Model by Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1864-1874. [PMID: 34545977 PMCID: PMC9290705 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Partial bile duct ligation (PBDL) model is a reliable cholestatic fibrosis experimental model that showed complex histopathological changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of PBDL have not been well characterized. Purpose To investigate the potential of MRI parameters in assessing fibrosis in PBDL and explore the relationships between MRI and pathological features. Animal Model Established PBDL models. Population Fifty‐four mice were randomly divided into four timepoints PBDL groups and one sham group. Field Strength/Sequence 3.0 T; MRI sequences included T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (FSE), T2‐weighted single shot FSE, variable flip angle T1 mapping, multi‐echo SE T2 mapping, multi‐echo gradient‐echo T2* mapping, and multi‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted imaging. Assessment MRI examination was performed at the corresponding timepoints after surgery. Native T1, ΔT1 (T1native‐T1post), T2, T2*, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, histogram parameters (skewness and kurtosis), intravoxel incoherent motion parameters (f, D, and D*) within the entire ligated (PBDL), non‐ligated liver (PBDL), and whole liver (sham) were obtained. Fibrosis and inflammation were assessed in Masson and H&E staining slices using the Metavir and activity scoring system. Statistical Tests One‐way ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Fibrosis and inflammation were finally staged as F3 and A3 in ligated livers but were not observed in non‐ligated or sham livers. Ligated livers displayed significantly elevated native T1, ΔT1, T2, and reduced ADC and T2* than other livers. Spearman's correlation showed better correlation with inflammation (r = 0.809) than fibrosis (r = 0.635) in T2 and both ΔT1 and ADC showed stronger correlation with fibrosis (r = 0.704 and r = −0.718) than inflammation (r = 0.564 and r = −0.550). Area under the curve (AUC) for ΔT1 performed the highest (0.896). When combined with all relative parameters, AUC increased to 0.956. Data Conclusion Multiparametric MRI can evaluate and differentiate pathological changes in PBDL. ΔT1 and ADC better correlated with fibrosis while T2 stronger with inflammation. Level of Evidence 1 Technical Efficacy Stage 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye-Yu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhu-Yuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Yun Zheng
- MR Collaboration, Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Heng Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En-Hua Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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Wáng YXJ. Gender-specific liver aging and magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2893-2904. [PMID: 34249621 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The number of imaging studies performed on elderly individuals will increase in the next several decades. It is important to understand normal age-related changes in the structural and functional imaging appearance of the liver. This article highlights a number of liver aging aspects which are particularly relevant to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Physiology of aging liver is associated with a reduction in size, in perfusion, and in function. Pulsed echo-Doppler showed substantial reduction of portal flow in elderly subjects, particularly those after the age of 75 years old. An MRI biomarker diffusion derived vessel density (DDVD) demonstrated that liver microperfusion volume in healthy females starts to decrease even before menopause age. Liver fat content and iron content increase with aging, and the change is more substantial in women after menopause. Adult men have higher liver fat and iron contents than women from the start and change less during aging. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is very common among assumed healthy subjects. There is a male predominance of NAFLD from the paediatric population up to fifth decade of life in adults. After the age of 60 years, women overtake their male counterparts in prevalence of NAFLD. Higher liver fat leads to decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-Dslow measures. Higher liver iron content shortens T2* measure, lower ADC and IVIM-Dslow measures, increases imaging noises and decreases liver visibility. Young women have high liver T1rho value and then decrease substantially, while liver T1rho in men remains relatively unchanged with aging. In positron emission tomography (PET) studies, aging is associated with an increase of both liver fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose maximum standard uptake and mean standard uptake values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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29
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Breit HC, Block KT, Winkel DJ, Gehweiler JE, Henkel MJ, Weikert T, Stieltjes B, Boll DT, Heye TJ. Evaluation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis on the basis of quantitative T1 mapping: Are acute inflammation, age and liver volume confounding factors? Eur J Radiol 2021; 141:109789. [PMID: 34051684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate potential confounding factors in the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis using T1 relaxation times. METHODS The study population is based on a radiology-information-system database search for abdominal MRI performed from July 2018 to April 2019 at our institution. After applying exclusion criteria 200 (59 ± 16 yrs) remaining patients were retrospectively included. 93 patients were defined as liver-healthy, 40 patients without known fibrosis or cirrhosis, and 67 subjects had a clinically or biopsy-proven liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. T1 mapping was performed using a slice based look-locker approach. A ROI based analysis of the left and the right liver was performed. Fat fraction, R2*, liver volume, laboratory parameters, sex, and age were evaluated as potential confounding factors. RESULTS T1 values were significantly lower in healthy subjects without known fibrotic changes (1.5 T MRI: 575 ± 56 ms; 3 T MRI: 857 ± 128 ms) compared to patients with acute liver disease (1.5 T MRI: 657 ± 73 ms, p < 0.0001; 3 T MRI: 952 ± 37 ms, p = 0.028) or known fibrosis or cirrhosis (1.5 T MRI: 644 ± 83 ms, p < 0.0001; 3 T MRI: 995 ± 150 ms, p = 0.018). T1 values correlated moderately with the Child-Pugh stage at 1.5 T (p = 0.01, ρ = 0.35). CONCLUSION T1 mapping is a capable predictor for detection of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Especially age is not a confounding factor and, hence, age-independent thresholds can be defined. Acute liver diseases are confounding factors and should be ruled out before employing T1-relaxometry based thresholds to screen for patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns C Breit
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kai T Block
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, United States
| | - David J Winkel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Maurice J Henkel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Weikert
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bram Stieltjes
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Boll
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias J Heye
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Wáng YXJ. Physiological variation of liver iron concentration may not be dominantly responsible for the liver T1rho variations associated with age and gender. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:1668-1673. [PMID: 33816199 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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31
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Qu Z, Yang S, Xing F, Tong R, Yang C, Guo R, Huang J, Lu F, Fu C, Yan X, Hectors S, Gillen K, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhan S, Li J. Magnetic resonance quantitative susceptibility mapping in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a feasibility study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:1170-1183. [PMID: 33816158 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis are needed. The present study aimed to investigate the alteration of magnetic susceptibility in the liver of patients with various fibrosis stages and to evaluate the feasibility of using susceptibility to stage hepatic fibrosis. Methods A total of 30 consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and liver biopsy evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, necroinflammatory activity, iron load, and steatosis. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), R2* and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) images were postprocessed from the same gradient-echo data for quantitative tissue characterization using region of interest (ROI) analysis. The differences for MRI measurements between cohorts of non-significant (Ishak-F <3) and significant fibrosis (Ishak-F ≥3) and the correlation of MRI measurements with fibrosis stages and necroinflammatory activity grades were tested. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also performed. Results There was a significant difference in liver susceptibility between the cohorts of significant and non-significant fibrosis (Z=-2.880, P=0.004). A moderate negative correlation between the stages of liver fibrosis and liver susceptibility was observed (r=-0.471, P=0.015). Liver magnetic susceptibility differentiated non-significant from significant hepatic fibrosis with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.836 (P=0.004). A highly sensitive diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.933 was obtained using magnetic susceptibility and PDFF together (P<0.001). Conclusions A noninvasive liver QSM-based evaluation promises an accurate assessment of significant fibrosis in patients with CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuohui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xing
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiling Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yan
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefanie Hectors
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Gillen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songhua Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Zou LQ, Zhao F, Zhang H, Zhang K, Xing W. Staging liver fibrosis on multiparametric MRI in a rabbit model with elastography, susceptibility-weighted imaging and T1ρ imaging: a preliminary study. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:155-163. [PMID: 32326722 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120917117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and T1ρ are three techniques for staging of liver fibrosis (LF). PURPOSE To assess the value of MRE, SWI, and T1ρ imaging in staging LF. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty rabbits were injected with 50% CCl4oil solution, whereas 20 rabbits were given normal saline. All rabbits underwent pathological examination to determine LF stages. The liver stiffness (LS), liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio (SIR), and T1ρ values were measured from MRE, SWI, and T1ρ imaging, respectively. RESULTS The number of rabbits was 14, 11, 10, 9, and 11 for F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. LS (r = 0.91) and T1ρ (r = 0.51) positively correlated with LF stages, while negative correlation was present for SIR (r = -0.81). Among the three parameters, the LS values revealed the best diagnostic efficacy in staging LF, with an AUC value of 0.95 for ≥F1, 0.95 for ≥F2, 0.99 for ≥F3, and 0.98 for ≥F4. The combination of LS and SIR could best predict LF stages ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3 and ≥F4, with AUC values of 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively, which were greater than those of the other two-paired parameters. A multiparametric analysis showed that the combination of all three parameters had AUC values of 0.97, 0.98, 1.00, and 1.00 for staging ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and ≥F4, respectively. CONCLUSION Multiparametric MR imaging was superior to individual imaging for LF staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiu Zou
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University & Changzhou First People’s Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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33
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T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging value as a potential marker to assess the severity of liver fibrosis: A pilot study. Eur J Radiol Open 2021; 8:100321. [PMID: 33490312 PMCID: PMC7806785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Assessment of liver fibrosis is essential for the management of liver disease. Although liver biopsy is the gold-standard modality for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, it has some limitations. Thus, other methods are required to overcome the disadvantages of a liver biopsy. T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) values are potential biomarkers for liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to assess the relationship between T1ρ MRI values and liver fibrosis severity by measuring the correlation between T1ρ values and shear wave elastography (SWE) values, which are routinely used for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Methods T1ρ imaging and SWE values were obtained from four healthy volunteers and 16 patients with chronic liver disease. The regions of interest on MR images were drawn and matched with those of the right liver lobe on SWE images. Results The mean T1ρ values of the right liver lobe correlated positively with the mean SWE values (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.783; p < 0.0001; 95 % confidence interval: 0.623–0.880). Conclusion The mean T1ρ values of the right liver lobe may be correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis.
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Jafari R, Hectors SJ, Koehne de González AK, Spincemaille P, Prince MR, Brittenham GM, Wang Y. Integrated quantitative susceptibility and R 2 * mapping for evaluation of liver fibrosis: An ex vivo feasibility study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4412. [PMID: 32959425 PMCID: PMC7768551 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To develop a method for noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis, we investigated the differential sensitivities of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2 * mapping using corrections for the effects of liver iron. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins. While collagen increases R2 * relaxation, measures of R2 * for fibrosis are confounded by liver iron, which may be present in the liver over a wide range of concentrations. The diamagnetic collagen contribution to susceptibility values measured by QSM is much less than the contribution of highly paramagnetic iron. In 19 ex vivo liver explants with and without fibrosis, QSM (χ), R2 * and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) maps were constructed from multiecho gradient-recalled echo (mGRE) sequence acquisition at 3 T. Median parameter values were recorded and differences between the MRI parameters in nonfibrotic vs. advanced fibrotic/cirrhotic samples were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Logistic regression with stepwise feature selection was employed to evaluate the utility of combined MRI measurements for detection of fibrosis. Median R2 * increased in fibrotic vs. nonfibrotic liver samples (P = .041), while differences in χ and PDFF were nonsignificant (P = .545 and P = .395, respectively). Logistic regression identified the combination of χ and R2 * significant for fibrosis detection (logit [prediction] = -8.45 + 0.23 R2 * - 28.8 χ). For this classifier, a highly significant difference between nonfibrotic vs. advanced fibrotic/cirrhotic samples was observed (P = .002). The model exhibited an AUC of 0.909 (P = .003) for detection of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, which was substantially higher compared with AUCs of the individual parameters (AUC 0.591-0.784). An integrated QSM and R2 * analysis of mGRE 3 T imaging data is promising for noninvasive diagnostic assessment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Jafari
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10021
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Stefanie J Hectors
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10021
| | | | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Gary M Brittenham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 10021
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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35
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Ai QYH, Zhang H, Jiang B, So TY, Mo FKF, Qamar S, Chen W, King AD. Test-retest repeatability of T1rho (T1ρ) MR imaging in the head and neck. Eur J Radiol 2020; 135:109489. [PMID: 33395595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T1rho imaging is a new quantitative MRI sequence for head and neck cancer and the repeatability for this region is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability of quantitative T1rho imaging in the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS T1rho imaging of the head and neck was prospectively performed in 15 healthy participants on three occasions. Scan 1 and 2 were performed with a time interval of 30 minutes (intra-session) and scan 3 was performed 14 days later (inter-session). T1rho values for normal tissues (parotid glands, palatine tonsils, pterygoid muscles, and tongue) were obtained on each scan. Intra-class coefficients (ICCs), within-subject coefficient of variances (wCoVs), and repeatability coefficient (RCs) of the intra-session scan (scan 1 vs 2) and inter-session scan (scan 1 vs 3) for the normal tissues were calculated. RESULTS The ICCs of T1rho values for normal tissues were almost perfect (0.83-0.97) for intra-session scans and were substantial (0.71-0.80) for inter-session scans. The wCoVs showed a small range (2.46%-3.30%) for intra-session scans, and slightly greater range (3.27%-6.51%) for inter-session scan. The greatest and lowest wCoVs of T1rho were found in the parotid gland and muscles, respectively. The T1rho RCs varied for all tissues between intra- and inter- sessions, and the greatest RC of 10.07 msec was observed for parotid gland on inter-session scan. CONCLUSION T1rho imaging is a repeatable quantitative MRI sequence in the head and neck but variances of T1rho values among tissues should be take into account during analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yong H Ai
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Baiyan Jiang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tiffany Y So
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Frankie K F Mo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Sahrish Qamar
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Weitian Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ann D King
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
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Zibetti MVW, Helou ES, Sharafi A, Regatte RR. Fast multicomponent 3D-T 1ρ relaxometry. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4318. [PMID: 32359000 PMCID: PMC7606711 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
NMR relaxometry can provide information about the relaxation of the magnetization in different tissues, increasing our understanding of molecular dynamics and biochemical composition in biological systems. In general, tissues have complex and heterogeneous structures composed of multiple pools. As a result, bulk magnetization returns to its original state with different relaxation times, in a multicomponent relaxation. Recovering the distribution of relaxation times in each voxel is a difficult inverse problem; it is usually unstable and requires long acquisition time, especially on clinical scanners. MRI can also be viewed as an inverse problem, especially when compressed sensing (CS) is used. The solution of these two inverse problems, CS and relaxometry, can be obtained very efficiently in a synergistically combined manner, leading to a more stable multicomponent relaxometry obtained with short scan times. In this paper, we will discuss the details of this technique from the viewpoint of inverse problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo V W Zibetti
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, US
| | - Elias S Helou
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Computation, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Azadeh Sharafi
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, US
| | - Ravinder R Regatte
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, US
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Zhao F, Zhou N, Wang JL, Zhou H, Zou LQ, Zhong WX, He J, Zheng CJ, Yan SX, Wáng YXJ. Collagen deposition in the liver is strongly and positively associated with T1rho elongation while fat deposition is associated with T1rho shortening: an experimental study of methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet rat model. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:2307-2321. [PMID: 33269229 PMCID: PMC7596395 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of questions concerning the histological mechanism of elongated T1rho in liver fibrosis remain unanswered. Using a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced with methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, the primary aim of this study is to clarify whether collagen deposition per se causes liver T1rho elongation. METHODS There were 45 rats in the NAFLD model group and 8 rats in the control group. NAFLD model rats were fed MCD diet for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks, respectively. At the endpoint, the rats had in vivo MRI at 3.0 T and followed by histology. For T1rho data acquisition, a rotary echo spin-lock pulse was implemented in a three-dimensional fast field echo sequence with frequency selective fat suppression. The spin-lock frequency was set to 500 Hz, and the spin-lock times of 5, 10, 40, and 50 ms were used. Liver specimens were processed with hematoxylin-eosin staining for steatosis and inflammation evaluation, and Masson's trichrome staining for collagen visualization. The semiquantitative histopathological evaluation was based on NASH Clinical Research Network criteria. Histomorphometric analysis calculated percentages of fat and collagen accumulations in the livers. RESULTS A strong (r=0.82) and significant (P<0.0001) positive correlation between liver collagen content and liver T1rho was observed. Rats with no or minimal inflammation could have very long T1rho value. Among experimental rats without a positive fibrosis grading, five rats did not have an inflammation score (i.e., had minimal inflammation or no inflammation) while four had a positive inflammation score; the difference in liver T1rho between these two types of rats was minimal. Eight control rat livers and 15 stage-1 fibrosis rat livers were separated by liver T1rho completely. When four subgroups of experiment rats were selected where the liver collagen had a very narrow range within these subgroups, all these four subgroups showed a trend of negative correlation between liver fat and liver T1rho. CONCLUSIONS Collagen deposition in the live strongly contributes to liver T1rho elongation, while fat deposition contributes to T1rho shortening. In a well-controlled experimental setting, T1rho measure alone allows separation of healthy livers and stage-1 liver fibrosis in the MCD rat liver model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiu Zou
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Xiang Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cun-Jing Zheng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yì Xiáng J. Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hectors SJ. Is MRI relaxometry parameter T 1ρ specific to fibrosis or confounded by concomitant pathological features? Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:2408-2410. [PMID: 33269241 PMCID: PMC7596401 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Hectors
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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39
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Marti-Aguado D, Rodríguez-Ortega A, Alberich-Bayarri A, Marti-Bonmati L. Magnetic Resonance imaging analysis of liver fibrosis and inflammation: overwhelming gray zones restrict clinical use. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:3557-3568. [PMID: 32857259 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) identification and grading of subjects with liver fibrosis and inflammation represents a clinical challenge. MR elastography plays a well-defined role in fibrosis estimation, but its use is not widely available in clinical settings. Given that liver MR is becoming the reference standard for fat and iron quantitation, there is a need to clarify whether there is any role for MR imaging in the concomitant evaluation of fibrosis and inflammation in this setting. This review summarizes the diagnostic estimations of different MR imaging parameters obtained from conventional non-contrast-enhanced multiple b values diffusion-weighted acquisitions, variable flip angles T1 relaxation maps and STIR images. Although some derived parameters have shown a significant correlation to histological scores, a small magnitude of effect with wide overlap across severity grades is the rule. Contrary to fat and iron quantification, the low precision and reproducibility of MR imaging metrics limits its clinical relevance in fibrosis and inflammation assessment. In a sequential clinical approach combining different methodologies, MR imaging has no applicability for ruling-out and low accuracy for ruling-in advanced fibrosis. Thereby, MR elastography remains as the only image method with high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of advanced fibrosis. Until date, inflammation remains in a gray zone where biopsy cannot be replaced, and further investigations are needed. The present review offers an in-depth discuss of the MR imaging diagnostic performance for the evaluation of liver fibrosis and inflammation, highlighting the need for scientific improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marti-Aguado
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230 and PREBI), and Imaging La Fe Node at Distributed Network for Biomedical Imaging (ReDIB) Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Ortega
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230 and PREBI), and Imaging La Fe Node at Distributed Network for Biomedical Imaging (ReDIB) Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Alberich-Bayarri
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230 and PREBI), and Imaging La Fe Node at Distributed Network for Biomedical Imaging (ReDIB) Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in Medicine, QUIBIM SL, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Marti-Bonmati
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230 and PREBI), and Imaging La Fe Node at Distributed Network for Biomedical Imaging (ReDIB) Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Radiology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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40
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Zhou IY, Catalano OA, Caravan P. Advances in functional and molecular MRI technologies in chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2020; 73:1241-1254. [PMID: 32585160 PMCID: PMC7572718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MRI has emerged as the most comprehensive non-invasive diagnostic tool for liver diseases. In recent years, the value of MRI in hepatology has been significantly enhanced by a wide range of contrast agents, both clinically available and under development, that add functional information to anatomically detailed morphological images, or increase the distinction between normal and pathological tissues by targeting molecular and cellular events. Several classes of contrast agents are available for contrast-enhanced hepatic MRI, including i) conventional non-specific extracellular fluid contrast agents for assessing tissue perfusion; ii) hepatobiliary-specific contrast agents that are taken up by functioning hepatocytes and excreted through the biliary system for evaluating hepatobiliary function; iii) superparamagnetic iron oxide particles that accumulate in Kupffer cells; and iv) novel molecular contrast agents that are biochemically targeted to specific molecular/cellular processes for staging liver diseases or detecting treatment responses. The use of different functional and molecular MRI methods enables the non-invasive assessment of disease burden, progression, and treatment response in a variety of liver diseases. A high diagnostic performance can be achieved with MRI by combining imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Y. Zhou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Onofrio A. Catalano
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i(3)), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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41
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Ai QYH, Chen W, So TY, Lam WKJ, Jiang B, Poon DMC, Qamar S, Mo FKF, Blu T, Chan Q, Ma BBY, Hui EP, Chan KCA, King AD. Quantitative T1ρ MRI of the Head and Neck Discriminates Carcinoma and Benign Hyperplasia in the Nasopharynx. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:2339-2344. [PMID: 33122214 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE T1ρ imaging is a new quantitative MR imaging pulse sequence with the potential to discriminate between malignant and benign tissue. In this study, we evaluated the capability of T1ρ imaging to characterize tissue by applying T1ρ imaging to malignant and benign tissue in the nasopharynx and to normal tissue in the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and benign hyperplasia of the nasopharynx prospectively underwent T1ρ imaging. T1ρ measurements obtained from the histogram analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 43 participants were compared with those for benign hyperplasia and for normal tissue (brain, muscle, and parotid glands) in 41 participants using the Mann-Whitney U test. The area under the curve of significant T1ρ measurements was calculated and compared using receiver operating characteristic analysis and the Delong test, respectively. A P < . 05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS There were significant differences in T1ρ measurements between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and benign hyperplasia and between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal tissue (all, P < . 05). Compared with benign hyperplasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma showed a lower T1ρ mean (62.14 versus 65.45 × ms), SD (12.60 versus 17.73 × ms), and skewness (0.61 versus 0.76) (all P < .05), but no difference in kurtosis (P = . 18). The T1ρ SD showed the highest area under the curve of 0.95 compared with the T1ρ mean (area under the curve = 0.72) and T1ρ skewness (area under the curve = 0.72) for discriminating nasopharyngeal carcinoma and benign hyperplasia (all, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative T1ρ imaging has the potential to discriminate malignant from benign and normal tissue in the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y H Ai
- From the Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (Q.Y.H.A., W.C., T.Y.S., B.J., S.Q., A.D.K.)
| | - W Chen
- From the Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (Q.Y.H.A., W.C., T.Y.S., B.J., S.Q., A.D.K.)
| | - T Y So
- From the Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (Q.Y.H.A., W.C., T.Y.S., B.J., S.Q., A.D.K.)
| | - W K J Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.).,Department of Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., K.C.A.C.), State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - B Jiang
- From the Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (Q.Y.H.A., W.C., T.Y.S., B.J., S.Q., A.D.K.)
| | - D M C Poon
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.).,Department of Clinical Oncology (D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H.), State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.)
| | - S Qamar
- From the Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (Q.Y.H.A., W.C., T.Y.S., B.J., S.Q., A.D.K.)
| | - F K F Mo
- Department of Clinical Oncology (D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H.), State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.)
| | - T Blu
- Department of Electrical Engineering (T.B.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Q Chan
- Philips Healthcare (Q.C.), Hong Kong, SAR
| | - B B Y Ma
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.).,Department of Clinical Oncology (D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H.), State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.)
| | - E P Hui
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.).,Department of Clinical Oncology (D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H.), State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.)
| | - K C A Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (W.K.J.L., D.M.C.P., F.K.F.M., B.B.Y.M., E.P.H., K.C.A.C.).,Department of Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., K.C.A.C.), State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - A D King
- From the Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (Q.Y.H.A., W.C., T.Y.S., B.J., S.Q., A.D.K.)
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Xiao BH, Huang H, Wang LF, Qiu SW, Guo SW, Wáng YXJ. Diffusion MRI Derived per Area Vessel Density as a Surrogate Biomarker for Detecting Viral Hepatitis B-Induced Liver Fibrosis: A Proof-of-Concept Study. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:474-483. [PMID: 32292088 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320915838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver vessel density can be evaluated by an imaging biomarker diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD): DDVD/area(b0b2) = Sb0/ROIarea0 - Sb2/ROIarea2, where Sb0 and Sb2 refer to the liver signal when b is 0 or 2 (s/mm2); ROIarea0 and ROIarea2 refer to the region of interest (ROI) on b = 0 or 2 images; and Sb2 may be replaced by Sb15 (b = 15). This concept was validated in this study. Liver diffusion images were acquired at 1.5 T. For a scan-rescan repeatability study of six subjects, b values of 0 and 2 were used. The validation study was composed of 26 healthy volunteers and 19 consecutive suspected chronic viral hepatitis B patients, and diffusion images with b values of 0, 2, 15, 20, 30, 45, 50, 60, 80, 100, 200, 300, 600, and 800 were acquired. Four patients did not have liver fibrosis, and the rest were four stage 1, three stage 2, four stage 3, and one stage 4 patients, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for repeatability was 0.994 for DDVD/area(Sb0Sb2) and 0.978 for DDVD/area(Sb0Sb15). In the validation study, DDVD/area(Sb0Sb2) and area(Sb0Sb15) were 14.80 ± 3.06 and 26.58 ± 3.97 for healthy volunteers, 10.51 ± 1.51 and 20.15 ± 2.21 for stage 1-2 fibrosis patients, and 9.42 ± 0.87 and 19.42 ± 1.89 for stage 3-4 fibrosis patients. For 16 patients where IVIM analysis was performed, a combination of DDVD/area, PF, and Dfast achieved the best differentiation for nonfibrotic livers and fibrotic livers. DDVD/area were weakly correlated with PF or Dfast. Both DDVD/area(Sb0Sb2) and area(Sb0Sb15) are useful imaging biomarkers to separate fibrotic and nonfibrotic livers, with fibrotic livers having lower measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Heng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Wen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Hectors SJ, Bane O, Stocker D, Carbonell G, Lewis S, Kennedy P, Schiano TD, Thung S, Fischman A, Taouli B. Splenic T 1ρ as a noninvasive biomarker for portal hypertension. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:787-794. [PMID: 32073207 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for noninvasive methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of portal hypertension (PH). PURPOSE To 1) assess the correlation of liver and spleen T1 and T1ρ measurements with portal pressures in patients with chronic liver disease, and 2) to compare the diagnostic performance of the relaxation parameters with radiological assessment of PH. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Twenty-five patients (M/F 16/9, mean age 56 years, range 21-78 years) undergoing portal pressure (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG]) measurements. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T abdominal MRI scan, including T1ρ and T1 mapping. ASSESSMENT Liver and spleen T1ρ and T1 , radiological PH score, and (normalized) spleen length were evaluated. STATISTICAL TESTS Spearman correlation of all MRI parameters with HVPG was assessed. The diagnostic performance of the assessed parameters for prediction of PH (HVPG ≥5 mmHg) and clinically significant PH (CSPH, HVPG ≥10 mmHg) was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The mean HVPG measurement was 7.8 ± 5.3 mmHg (PH, n = 18 [72%] including CSPH, n = 9 [36%]). PH score, (normalized) spleen length and spleen T1ρ significantly correlated with HVPG, with the strongest correlation found for spleen T1ρ (r = 0.613, P = 0.001). Spleen T1ρ was the only parameter that showed significant diagnostic performance for assessment of PH (area under the curve [AUC] 0.817, P = 0.015) and CSPH (AUC = 0.778, P = 0.024). Normalized spleen length also showed significant diagnostic performance for prediction of CSPH, with a slightly lower AUC (= 0.764, P = 0.031). The radiological PH score, T1ρ and T1 of the liver and T1 of the spleen, did not show significant diagnostic performance for assessment of CSPH (P > 0.075). DATA CONCLUSION Spleen T1ρ showed a significant correlation with portal pressure and showed improved diagnostic performance for prediction of CSPH compared to radiological assessment. These initial results need confirmation in a larger cohort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:787-794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Hectors
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Octavia Bane
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Stocker
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Carbonell
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sara Lewis
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul Kennedy
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas D Schiano
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Swan Thung
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Fischman
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Qi H, Bustin A, Kuestner T, Hajhosseiny R, Cruz G, Kunze K, Neji R, Botnar RM, Prieto C. Respiratory motion-compensated high-resolution 3D whole-heart T1ρ mapping. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:12. [PMID: 32014001 PMCID: PMC6998259 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T1ρ mapping can be used to detect ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy without the need of exogenous contrast agents. Current 2D myocardial T1ρ mapping requires multiple breath-holds and provides limited coverage. Respiratory gating by diaphragmatic navigation has recently been exploited to enable free-breathing 3D T1ρ mapping, which, however, has low acquisition efficiency and may result in unpredictable and long scan times. This study aims to develop a fast respiratory motion-compensated 3D whole-heart myocardial T1ρ mapping technique with high spatial resolution and predictable scan time. METHODS The proposed electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered T1ρ mapping sequence is performed under free-breathing using an undersampled variable-density 3D Cartesian sampling with spiral-like order. Preparation pulses with different T1ρ spin-lock times are employed to acquire multiple T1ρ-weighted images. A saturation prepulse is played at the start of each heartbeat to reset the magnetization before T1ρ preparation. Image navigators are employed to enable beat-to-beat 2D translational respiratory motion correction of the heart for each T1ρ-weighted dataset, after which, 3D translational registration is performed to align all T1ρ-weighted volumes. Undersampled reconstruction is performed using a multi-contrast 3D patch-based low-rank algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed technique was tested in phantoms and in vivo in 11 healthy subjects in comparison with 2D T1ρ mapping. The feasibility of the proposed technique was further investigated in 3 patients with suspected cardiovascular disease. Breath-hold late-gadolinium enhanced (LGE) images were acquired in patients as reference for scar detection. RESULTS Phantoms results revealed that the proposed technique provided accurate T1ρ values over a wide range of simulated heart rates in comparison to a 2D T1ρ mapping reference. Homogeneous 3D T1ρ maps were obtained for healthy subjects, with septal T1ρ of 58.0 ± 4.1 ms which was comparable to 2D breath-hold measurements (57.6 ± 4.7 ms, P = 0.83). Myocardial scar was detected in 1 of the 3 patients, and increased T1ρ values (87.4 ± 5.7 ms) were observed in the infarcted region. CONCLUSIONS An accelerated free-breathing 3D whole-heart T1ρ mapping technique was developed with high respiratory scan efficiency and near-isotropic spatial resolution (1.7 × 1.7 × 2 mm3) in a clinically feasible scan time of ~ 6 mins. Preliminary patient results suggest that the proposed technique may find applications in non-contrast myocardial tissue characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Aurelien Bustin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Thomas Kuestner
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Reza Hajhosseiny
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gastao Cruz
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Karl Kunze
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Siemens Healthcare, MR Research Collaborations, Frimley, UK
| | - Radhouene Neji
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Siemens Healthcare, MR Research Collaborations, Frimley, UK
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Xie S, Qi H, Li Q, Zhang K, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Shen W. Liver injury monitoring, fibrosis staging and inflammation grading using T1rho magnetic resonance imaging: an experimental study in rats with carbon tetrachloride intoxication. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:14. [PMID: 31941457 PMCID: PMC6964054 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-1161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the merit of T1rho relaxation for the evaluation of liver fibrosis, inflammatory activity, and liver injury monitoring in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat model. Methods Model rats from CCl4-induced liver fibrosis (fibrosis group: n = 41; regression group: n = 20) and control (n = 11) groups underwent black blood T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI). Injection of CCl4 was done twice weekly for up to 12 weeks in the fibrosis group and for up to 6 weeks in the regression group. MR scanning time points were at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after CCl4 injection in the fibrosis group and at baseline and at 2, 4, 6 (CCl4 withdrawal), 7, 8, 10 and 12 weeks in the regression group. Results In the fibrosis group, liver T1rho values increased gradually within week 8 and then decreased. In the regression group, T1rho values dropped gradually after the withdrawal of CCl4 and fell below those at baseline. The T1rho values at S0 were lower than those at any other stage (all P < 0.05). The T1rho values at G0 were significantly lower than those at any other grade, and G1 was lower than G2 (all P < 0.01). The T1rho values mildly correlated with fibrosis stages (r = 0.362) and moderately correlated with grades of inflammation (r = 0.568). The T1rho values of rats with the same inflammation grades showed no significant difference among different fibrosis stages, and the T1rho values at S3 showed a significant difference among different grades of inflammation (P = 0.024). Inflammation grade was an independent variable associated with T1rho values (P < 0.001). Conclusion T1rho MRI can be used to monitor CCl4-induced liver injury, and inflammatory activity had a greater impact on liver T1rho values than fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Xie
- Department of Radiology, First Central Hospital Clinical Institute, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hanxiong Qi
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin medical imaging institute, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin medical imaging institute, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin medical imaging institute, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin medical imaging institute, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin medical imaging institute, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Chen F, Chen YL, Chen TW, Li R, Pu Y, Zhang XM, Li HJ, Tang S, Cao JM, Yang JQ. Liver lobe based intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging in hepatitis B related cirrhosis: Association with child-pugh class and esophageal and gastric fundic varices. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18671. [PMID: 31914057 PMCID: PMC6959964 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a common chronic progressive liver disease in clinical practice, and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a promising magnetic resonance method to assess liver cirrhosis, so our purpose was to investigate association of liver-lobe-based IVIM-derived parameters with hepatitis-B-related cirrhosis and its severity, and esophageal and gastric fundic varices. Seventy-four patients with hepatitis-B-related cirrhotic and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled and underwent upper abdominal IVIM diffusion-weighted imaging with b-values of 0, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 s/mm. IVIM-derived parameters (D, pure molecular diffusion; D, pseudo diffusion; and f, perfusion fraction) of left lateral lobe (LLL), left medial lobe (LML), right lobe (RL), and caudate lobe (CL) were assessed statistically to show their associations with cirrhosis and its severity, and esophageal and gastric fundic varices. In this research, we found that D, D, and f values of LLL, LML, RL, and CL were lower in cirrhotic liver than in normal liver (all P-values <.05). D, D, and f values of LLL, LML, RL, and CL were inversely correlated with Child-Pugh class of cirrhosis (r = -0.236 to -0.606, all P-values <.05). D of each liver lobe, D of LLL and CL, and f of LLL, LML, and CL in patients with esophageal and gastric fundic varices were lower than without the varices (all P-values <.05). D values of RL and CL could best identify cirrhosis, and identify esophageal and gastric fundic varices with areas under receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.857 and 0.746, respectively. We concluded that liver-lobe-based IVIM-derived parameters can be associated with cirrhosis, and esophageal and gastric fundic varices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
| | - Yan-li Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
| | - Tian-wu Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
| | - Rui Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
| | - Yu Pu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
| | - Xiao-ming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
| | - Hong-jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Tang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
| | - Jin-ming Cao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
| | - Jian-qiong Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan
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Sharafi A, Baboli R, Zibetti M, Shanbhogue K, Olsen S, Block T, Chandarana H, Regatte R. Volumetric multicomponent T 1ρ relaxation mapping of the human liver under free breathing at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:2042-2050. [PMID: 31724246 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D sequence for T1ρ relaxation mapping using radial volumetric encoding (3D-T1ρ -RAVE) and to evaluate the multi relaxation components in the liver of healthy controls and chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. METHODS Fat saturation and T1ρ preparation modules were followed by a train of gradient-echo acquisitions and T1 restoration delay. The series of T1ρ -weighted images were fitted using mono-exponential, bi-exponential, and stretched-exponential models. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed technique were evaluated on National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom by calculating the coefficient of variation between test-retest scans on the same scanner and between two different 3T scanners, respectively. Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to assess differences in T1ρ components among patients (n = 3) and a control group (n = 10). RESULTS The phantom study showed an error of 8.9% and 11.5% in mono T2 relaxation time measurement relative to the reference on 2 different scanners. The coefficient of variation for test-retest scans performed on the same scanner was 5.7% and 2.4% for scans performed on 2 scanners. The comparison between healthy controls and CLD patients showed a significant difference (P < .05) in mono relaxation time (P = .002), stretched-exponential relaxation parameter (P = .04). The Akaike information criteria C criterion showed 2.53 ± 0.9% (2.3 ± 0.3% for CLD) of the voxels are bi-exponential while in 65.3 ± 5.8% (81.2 ± 0.06% for CLD) of the liver voxels, the stretched-exponential model was preferred. CONCLUSION The 3D-T1ρ -RAVE sequence allows volumetric, multicomponent T1ρ assessment of the liver during free breathing and can distinguish between healthy volunteers and CLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Sharafi
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rahman Baboli
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Marcelo Zibetti
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Krishna Shanbhogue
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sonja Olsen
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tobias Block
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hersh Chandarana
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ravinder Regatte
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Wáng YXJ, Wang X, Wu P, Wang Y, Chen W, Chen H, Li J. Topics on quantitative liver magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1840-1890. [PMID: 31867237 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is subject to continuous technical innovations through advances in hardware, sequence and novel contrast agent development. In order to utilize the abilities of liver MR to its full extent and perform high-quality efficient exams, it is mandatory to use the best imaging protocol, to minimize artifacts and to select the most adequate type of contrast agent. In this article, we review the routine clinical MR techniques applied currently and some latest developments of liver imaging techniques to help radiologists and technologists to better understand how to choose and optimize liver MRI protocols that can be used in clinical practice. This article covers topics on (I) fat signal suppression; (II) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis; (III) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR imaging; (IV) liver fat quantification; (V) liver iron quantification; and (VI) scan speed acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Peng Wu
- Philips Healthcare (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215024, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weibo Chen
- Philips Healthcare, Shanghai 200072, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Combined morphological and functional liver MRI using spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ) in conjunction with Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2083. [PMID: 30765741 PMCID: PMC6375916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive early detection of liver cirrhosis and fibrosis is essential for management and therapy. The aim was to investigated whether a combination of the functional parameter relative enhancement (RE) on Gadoxetic Acid magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI) and the fibrosis parameter T1ρ distinguishes cirrhosis and healthy liver. We analyzed patients with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and T1ρ mapping. Signal intensity was measured before and after contrast; RE was calculated. T1ρ was measured with circular regions of interest (T1ρ-cROI). A quotient of RE and T1ρ-cROI was calculated: the fibrosis function quotient (FFQ). Cirrhosis was evaluated based on morphology and secondary changes. 213 datasets were included. The difference between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver was 51.11 ms vs. 47.56 ms for T1ρ-cROI (p < 0.001), 0.59 vs. 0.70 for RE (p < 0.001), and 89.53 vs. 70.83 for FFQ (p < 0.001). T1ρ-cROI correlated with RE, r = −0.14 (p < 0.05). RE had an AUC of 0.73. The largest AUC had the FFQ with 0.79. The best cutoff value was 48.34 ms for T1ρ-cROI, 0.70 for RE and 78.59 ms for FFQ. In conclusion T1ρ and RE can distinguish between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver. The FFQ, which is the combination of the two, improves diagnostic performance.
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Huang H, Che-Nordin N, Wang LF, Xiao BH, Chevallier O, Yun YX, Guo SW, Wáng YXJ. High performance of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion MRI in detecting viral hepatitis-b induced liver fibrosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:39. [PMID: 30906743 PMCID: PMC6389585 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently a small cohort study demonstrated that intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion MRI can detect early stage liver fibrosis. Using modified IVIM data acquisition parameters, the current study aims to confirm this finding. METHODS Twenty-six healthy volunteers, three patients of chronic viral hepatitis-b but without fibrosis and one mild liver steatosis subject, and 12 viral hepatitis-b patients with fibrosis (stage 1-2=7, stage 3-4=5) were included in this study. With a 1.5-T MR scanner and respiration-gating, IVIM diffusion imaging was acquired using a single-shot echo-planar sequence with a b-value series of 2, 0, 1, 15, 20, 30, 45, 50, 60, 80, 100, 200, 300, 600, 800 s/mm2. Signal measurement was performed on right liver parenchyma. The first three very low b-values were excluded to improve the curve fitting stability, and bi-exponential segmented fitting was performed using the 12 b-values of 15~800 s/mm2. Both threshold b-values of 60 s/mm2 and 200 s/mm2 were tested. With a 3-dimensional tool, Dslow (D), PF (f) and Dfast (D*) values were placed along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, and a plane was defined to separate healthy volunteers from liver fibrosis patients. RESULTS Threshold b-value of 60 s/mm2 was preferred over 200 s/mm2 for separating healthy volunteers and liver fibrosis patients. The IVIM measures of the four patients without fibrosis resembled those of healthy volunteers. When threshold b-value =60 s/mm2 was applied, PF (PF <6.49%) could differentiate healthy livers and all fibrotic livers with 100% sensitivity and specificity. For the patients' measurement, PF and Dfast were highly correlated with a Pearson correlation coefficient r of 0.865 (P<0.001); while the correlations between slow diffusion compartment (Dslow) and fast diffusion compartment (Dfast or PF) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms previous report that IVIM diffusion MRI has high diagnostic performance in detecting viral hepatitis-b induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Nazmi Che-Nordin
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ben-Heng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Olivier Chevallier
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Yong-Xing Yun
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Sheng-Wen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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