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Naji N, Gee M, Jickling GC, Emery DJ, Saad F, McCreary CR, Smith EE, Camicioli R, Wilman AH. Quantifying cerebral microbleeds using quantitative susceptibility mapping from magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5139. [PMID: 38465729 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) is commonly included in brain studies for structural imaging using magnitude images; however, its phase images can provide an opportunity to assess microbleed burden using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). This potential application for MPRAGE-based QSM was evaluated using in vivo and simulated measurements. Possible factors affecting image quality were also explored. Detection sensitivity was evaluated against standard multiecho gradient echo (MEGE) QSM using 3-T in vivo data of 15 subjects with a combined total of 108 confirmed microbleeds. The two methods were compared based on the microbleed size and susceptibility measurements. In addition, simulations explored the detection sensitivity of MPRAGE-QSM at different representative magnetic field strengths and echo times using microbleeds of different size, susceptibility, and location. Results showed that in vivo microbleeds appeared to be smaller (× 0.54) and of higher mean susceptibility (× 1.9) on MPRAGE-QSM than on MEGE-QSM, but total susceptibility estimates were in closer agreement (slope: 0.97, r2: 0.94), and detection sensitivity was comparable. In simulations, QSM at 1.5 T had a low contrast-to-noise ratio that obscured the detection of many microbleeds. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels at 3 T and above resulted in better contrast and increased detection. The detection rates for microbleeds of minimum one-voxel diameter and 0.4-ppm susceptibility were 0.55, 0.80, and 0.88 at SNR levels of 1.5, 3, and 7 T, respectively. Size and total susceptibility estimates were more consistent than mean susceptibility estimates, which showed size-dependent underestimation. MPRAGE-QSM provides an opportunity to detect and quantify the size and susceptibility of microbleeds of at least one-voxel diameter at B0 of 3 T or higher with no additional time cost, when standard T2*-weighted images are not available or have inadequate spatial resolution. The total susceptibility measure is more robust against sequence variations and might allow combining data from different protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwan Naji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Myrlene Gee
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek J Emery
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Feryal Saad
- Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl R McCreary
- Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alan H Wilman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Clancy U, Cheng Y, Brara A, Doubal FN, Wardlaw JM. Occupational and domestic exposure associations with cerebral small vessel disease and vascular dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3021-3033. [PMID: 38270898 PMCID: PMC11032565 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of cerebral smallvessel disease (SVD) and vascular dementia according to workplace or domestic exposure to hazardous substances is unclear. METHODS We included studies assessing occupational and domestic hazards/at-risk occupations and SVD features. We pooled prevalence estimates using random-effects models where possible, or presented a narrative synthesis. RESULTS We included 85 studies (n = 47,743, mean age = 44·5 years). 52/85 reported poolable estimates. SVD prevalence in populations exposed to carbon monoxide was 81%(95% CI = 60-93%; n = 1373; results unchanged in meta-regression), carbon disulfide73% (95% CI = 54-87%; n = 131), 1,2-dichloroethane 88% (95% CI = 4-100%, n = 40), toluene 82% (95% CI = 3-100%, n = 64), high altitude 49% (95% CI = 38-60%; n = 164),and diving 24% (95% CI = 5-67%, n = 172). We narratively reviewed vascular dementia studies and contact sport, lead, military, pesticide, and solvent exposures as estimates were too few/varied to pool. DISCUSSION SVD and vascular dementia may be associated with occupational/domestic exposure to hazardous substances. CRD42021297800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Clancy
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Amrita Brara
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Fergus N. Doubal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Hsu CCT, Sethi SK, Haacke EM. The Current State of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Head Trauma. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:343-356. [PMID: 36965951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a MR imaging technique suited to detect structural and microstructural abnormalities in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This review article provide an insight in to the physics principles of SWI and its clinical application in unraveling the complex interaction of the biophysical mechanisms of head injury. Literature evidences support SWI as the most ideal sequence in detection of microbleeds, which is the "tip of the iceberg" biomarker of microvascular injuries. The review also detailed the emerging advance techniques of Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and artificial intelligence offer the ability to detect and follow the evolution of microbleeds in patient with chronic TBI. These new techniques offers a unique insight into the acute and chronic state of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Lumus Imaging, Varsity Lakes Day Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Sean K Sethi
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
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Sader N, Gobbi D, Goodyear B, Frayne R, Ware AL, Beauchamp MH, Craig WR, Doan Q, Zemek R, Riva-Cambrin J, Yeates KO. Can quantitative susceptibility mapping help diagnose and predict recovery of concussion in children? An A-CAP study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:227-235. [PMID: 36517039 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an MRI technique that is a potential biomarker for concussion. We performed QSM in children following concussion or orthopaedic injury (OI), to assess QSM performance as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. METHODS Children aged 8-17 years with either concussion (N=255) or OI (N=116) were recruited from four Canadian paediatric emergency departments and underwent QSM postacutely (2-33 days postinjury) using 3 Tesla MRI. QSM Z-scores within nine regions of interest (ROI) were compared between groups. QSM Z-scores were also compared with the 5P score, the current clinical benchmark for predicting persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS), at 4 weeks postinjury, with PPCS defined using reliable change methods based on both participant and parent reports. RESULTS Concussion and OI groups did not differ significantly in QSM Z-scores for any ROI. Higher QSM Z-scores within frontal white matter (WM) independently predicted PPCS based on parent ratings of cognitive symptoms (p=0.001). The combination of frontal WM QSM Z-score and 5P score was better at predicting PPCS than 5P score alone (p=0.004). The area under the curve was 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.81) for frontal WM susceptibility, 0.69 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.79) for the 5P score and 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.83) for both. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that QSM is a potential MRI biomarker that can help predict PPCS in children with concussion, over and above the current clinical benchmark, and thereby aid in clinical management. They also suggest a frontal lobe substrate for PPCS, highlighting the potential for QSM to clarify the neurophysiology of paediatric concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sader
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Gobbi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Centre and Calgary Image Processing and Analysis Centre (CIPAC), Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brad Goodyear
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Centre and Calgary Image Processing and Analysis Centre (CIPAC), Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Frayne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Centre and Calgary Image Processing and Analysis Centre (CIPAC), Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley L Ware
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal & CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William R Craig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Quynh Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Riva-Cambrin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Ashina H, Christensen RH, Al-Khazali HM, Iljazi A, Tolnai D, Eigenbrodt AK, Larsson HBW, Schytz HW, Lindberg U, Amin FM. White matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds in persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:15. [PMID: 36823546 PMCID: PMC9951434 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are more prevalent in people with persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), compared with healthy controls. METHODS A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of adults with persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild TBI and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A semi-structured interview and validated self-report instruments were used to record data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities. Imaging data were obtained on a 3T MRI Scanner using a 32-channel head coil. Participants and controls underwent a single MRI session, in which fluid-attenuated inversion recovery was used to visualize WMHs, and susceptibility-weighted imaging was used to detect CMBs. The primary outcomes were (I) the difference in the mean number of WMHs between participants with persistent post-traumatic headache and healthy controls and (II) the difference in the mean number of CMBs between participants with persistent post-traumatic headache and healthy controls. All images were examined by a certified neuroradiologist who was blinded to the group status of the participants and controls. RESULTS A total of 97 participants with persistent post-traumatic headache and 96 age- and gender-matched healthy controls provided imaging data eligible for analyses. Among 97 participants with persistent post-traumatic headache, 43 (44.3%) participants presented with ≥ 1 WMH, and 3 (3.1%) participants presented with ≥ 1 CMB. Compared with controls, no differences were found in the mean number of WMHs (2.7 vs. 2.1, P = 0.58) and the mean number of CMBs (0.03 vs. 0.04, P = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS WMHs and CMBs were not more prevalent in people with persistent post-traumatic headache than observed in healthy controls. Future studies should focus on other MRI techniques to identify radiologic biomarkers of post-traumatic headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Ashina
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475435.4Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune H. Christensen
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haidar Muhsen Al-Khazali
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Afrim Iljazi
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tolnai
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Radiology, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna K. Eigenbrodt
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik B. W. Larsson
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFunctional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik W. Schytz
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFunctional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hutchinson EB, Romero-Lozano A, Johnson HR, Knutsen AK, Bosomtwi A, Korotcov A, Shunmugavel A, King SG, Schwerin SC, Juliano SL, Dardzinski BJ, Pierpaoli C. Translationally Relevant Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers in a Ferret Model of Closed Head Injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:779533. [PMID: 35280340 PMCID: PMC8904401 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.779533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been the primary experimental tool for understanding the potential mechanisms and cellular alterations that follow brain injury, but the human relevance and translational value of these models are often called into question. Efforts to better recapitulate injury biomechanics and the use of non-rodent species with neuroanatomical similarities to humans may address these concerns and promise to advance experimental studies toward clinical impact. In addition to improving translational aspects of animal models, it is also advantageous to establish pre-clinical outcomes that can be directly compared with the same outcomes in humans. Non-invasive imaging and particularly MRI is promising for this purpose given that MRI is a primary tool for clinical diagnosis and at the same time increasingly available at the pre-clinical level. The objective of this study was to identify which commonly used radiologic markers of TBI outcomes can be found also in a translationally relevant pre-clinical model of TBI. The ferret was selected as a human relevant species for this study with folded cortical geometry and relatively high white matter content and the closed head injury model of engineered rotation and acceleration (CHIMERA) TBI model was selected for biomechanical similarities to human injury. A comprehensive battery of MRI protocols based on common data elements (CDEs) for human TBI was collected longitudinally for the identification of MRI markers and voxelwise analysis of T2, contrast enhancement and diffusion tensor MRI values. The most prominent MRI findings were consistent with focal hemorrhage and edema in the brain stem region following high severity injury as well as vascular and meningeal injury evident by contrast enhancement. While conventional MRI outcomes were not highly conspicuous in less severe cases, quantitative voxelwise analysis indicated diffusivity and anisotropy alterations in the acute and chronic periods after TBI. The main conclusions of this study support the translational relevance of closed head TBI models in intermediate species and identify brain stem and meningeal vulnerability. Additionally, the MRI findings highlight a subset of CDEs with promise to bridge pre-clinical studies with human TBI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Hutchinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth B. Hutchinson,
| | | | - Hannah R. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Andrew K. Knutsen
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Asamoah Bosomtwi
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexandru Korotcov
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anandakumar Shunmugavel
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah G. King
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Susan C. Schwerin
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sharon L. Juliano
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bernard J. Dardzinski
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carlo Pierpaoli
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, United States
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The radiological interpretation of possible microbleeds after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study. Neuroradiology 2021; 64:1145-1156. [PMID: 34719725 PMCID: PMC9117345 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In order to augment the certainty of the radiological interpretation of “possible microbleeds” after traumatic brain injury (TBI), we assessed their longitudinal evolution on 3-T SWI in patients with moderate/severe TBI. Methods Standardized 3-T SWI and T1-weighted imaging were obtained 3 and 26 weeks after TBI in 31 patients. Their microbleeds were computer-aided detected and classified by a neuroradiologist as no, possible, or definite at baseline and follow-up, separately (single-scan evaluation). Thereafter, the classifications were re-evaluated after comparison between the time-points (post-comparison evaluation). We selected the possible microbleeds at baseline at single-scan evaluation and recorded their post-comparison classification at follow-up. Results Of the 1038 microbleeds at baseline, 173 were possible microbleeds. Of these, 53.8% corresponded to no microbleed at follow-up. At follow-up, 30.6% were possible and 15.6% were definite. Of the 120 differences between baseline and follow-up, 10% showed evidence of a pathophysiological change over time. Proximity to extra-axial injury and proximity to definite microbleeds were independently predictive of becoming a definite microbleed at follow-up. The reclassification level differed between anatomical locations. Conclusions Our findings support disregarding possible microbleeds in the absence of clinical consequences. In selected cases, however, a follow-up SWI-scan could be considered to exclude evolution into a definite microbleed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00234-021-02839-z.
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Virani S, Barton A, Goodyear BG, Yeates KO, Brooks BL. Susceptibility-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Microbleeds in Pediatric Concussion. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:867-874. [PMID: 33966537 PMCID: PMC8438780 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211002946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term consequences of pediatric concussion on brain structure are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the presence and clinical significance of cerebral microbleeds several years after pediatric concussion. METHODS Children and adolescents 8-19 years of age with either a history of concussion (n = 35), or orthopedic injury (n = 20) participated. Mean time since injury for the sample was 30.4 months (SD = 19.6). Participants underwent susceptibility-weighted imaging, rated their depression and postconcussion symptoms, and completed cognitive testing. Parents of participants also completed symptom ratings for their child. Hypointensities in susceptibility-weighted images indicative of cerebral microbleeds were calculated as a measure of hypointensity burden. RESULTS Hypointensity burden did not differ significantly between participants with a history of concussion and those with a history of orthopedic injury. Depression ratings (self and parent report), postconcussion symptom ratings (self and parent report), and cognitive performance did not significantly correlate with hypointensity burden in the concussion group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that at approximately 2.5 years postinjury, children and adolescents with prior concussion do not have a greater amount of cerebral microbleeds compared to those with orthopedic injury. Future research should use longitudinal study designs and investigate children with persistent postconcussive symptoms to gain better insight into the long-term effects of concussion on cerebral microbleeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Virani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Neurosciences Program, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Barton
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley G. Goodyear
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian L. Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurosciences Program, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Brian L. Brooks, PhD, Alberta Children’s Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.
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Preisner F, Friedmann-Bette B, Wehrstein M, Vollherbst DFJ, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Hilgenfeld T. In Vivo Visualization of Tissue Damage Induced by Percutaneous Muscle Biopsy via Novel High-Resolution MR Imaging. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1367-1374. [PMID: 33449606 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Percutaneous muscle biopsy is the gold standard for tissue assessment in clinical practice and scientific studies. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the ensuing tissue damage by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS In this prospective study, we enrolled 22 healthy participants who underwent MRI of the thigh musculature about 1 wk after a percutaneous muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle. A total of 17 participants also volunteered for a second MR examination 2 wk after biopsy. Volumes of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) lesions and muscle edema were assessed by SWI and T2-weighted MRI, respectively, after manual segmentation by two independent readers. For quantitative in vivo hematoma volume assessment, we additionally determined signal changes induced by experimental hematoma in an ex vivo model. RESULTS Mean overall volume of SWI lesions 1 wk after biopsy was 26.5 ± 21.7 μL, accompanied by a mean perifocal edema volume of 790.1 ± 591.4 μL. In participants who underwent two examinations, mean volume of SWI lesions slightly decreased from 29.8 ± 23.6 to 23.9 ± 16.8 μL within 1 wk (P = 0.13). Muscle edema volume decreased from 820.2 ± 632.4 to 359.6 ± 207.3 μL at the same time (P = 0.006). By calibration with the ex vivo findings, signal alterations on SWI corresponded to a blood volume of approximately 10-50 μL. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular hematoma and accompanying muscle edema after percutaneous biopsy are small and decrease rapidly within the first 2 wk. These in vivo findings underline the limited invasiveness of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Preisner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Birgit Friedmann-Bette
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Michaela Wehrstein
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | | | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Tim Hilgenfeld
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
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Gozt A, Hellewell S, Ward PGD, Bynevelt M, Fitzgerald M. Emerging Applications for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in the Detection of Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology. Neuroscience 2021; 467:218-236. [PMID: 34087394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common but heterogeneous injury underpinned by numerous complex and interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms. An essential trace element, iron is abundant within the brain and involved in many fundamental neurobiological processes, including oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production and maintenance, as well as neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. Excessive levels of iron are neurotoxic and thus iron homeostasis is tightly regulated in the brain, however, many details about the mechanisms by which this is achieved are yet to be elucidated. A key mediator of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory response, iron dysregulation is an important contributor to secondary injury in TBI. Advances in neuroimaging that leverage magnetic susceptibility properties have enabled increasingly comprehensive investigations into the distribution and behaviour of iron in the brain amongst healthy individuals as well as disease states such as TBI. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is an advanced neuroimaging technique that promises quantitative estimation of local magnetic susceptibility at the voxel level. In this review, we provide an overview of brain iron and its homeostasis, describe recent advances enabling applications of QSM within the context of TBI and summarise the current state of the literature. Although limited, the emergent research suggests that QSM is a promising neuroimaging technique that can be used to investigate a host of pathophysiological changes that are associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gozt
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Sarah Hellewell
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia
| | - Phillip G D Ward
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, VIC Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, VIC Australia
| | - Michael Bynevelt
- Neurological Intervention and Imaging Service of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA Australia.
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11
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van der Eerden AW, van den Heuvel TL, Perlbarg V, Vart P, Vos PE, Puybasset L, Galanaud D, Platel B, Manniesing R, Goraj BM. Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds in the Subacute Phase Are Practical and Early Predictors of Abnormality of the Normal-Appearing White Matter in the Chronic Phase. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:861-867. [PMID: 33632731 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the chronic phase after traumatic brain injury, DTI findings reflect WM integrity. DTI interpretation in the subacute phase is less straightforward. Microbleed evaluation with SWI is straightforward in both phases. We evaluated whether the microbleed concentration in the subacute phase is associated with the integrity of normal-appearing WM in the chronic phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty of 211 consecutive patients 18 years of age or older admitted to our emergency department ≤24 hours after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury matched the selection criteria. Standardized 3T SWI, DTI, and T1WI were obtained 3 and 26 weeks after traumatic brain injury in 31 patients and 24 healthy volunteers. At baseline, microbleed concentrations were calculated. At follow-up, mean diffusivity (MD) was calculated in the normal-appearing WM in reference to the healthy volunteers (MDz). Through linear regression, we evaluated the relation between microbleed concentration and MDz in predefined structures. RESULTS In the cerebral hemispheres, MDz at follow-up was independently associated with the microbleed concentration at baseline (left: B = 38.4 [95% CI 7.5-69.3], P = .017; right: B = 26.3 [95% CI 5.7-47.0], P = .014). No such relation was demonstrated in the central brain. MDz in the corpus callosum was independently associated with the microbleed concentration in the structures connected by WM tracts running through the corpus callosum (B = 20.0 [95% CI 24.8-75.2], P < .000). MDz in the central brain was independently associated with the microbleed concentration in the cerebral hemispheres (B = 25.7 [95% CI 3.9-47.5], P = .023). CONCLUSIONS SWI-assessed microbleeds in the subacute phase are associated with DTI-based WM integrity in the chronic phase. These associations are found both within regions and between functionally connected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W van der Eerden
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands .,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T L van den Heuvel
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V Perlbarg
- Inserm, Sorbonne Université (V.P.), CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France.,BrainTale SAS (V.P.), Paris, France
| | - P Vart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.V.), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P E Vos
- Department of Neurology (P.E.V.), Santiz-Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, The Netherlands
| | - L Puybasset
- Department of Neurosurgical ICU (L.P.), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Galanaud
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.G.), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - B Platel
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Manniesing
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Goraj
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging (B.M.G.), Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Haller S, Haacke EM, Thurnher MM, Barkhof F. Susceptibility-weighted Imaging: Technical Essentials and Clinical Neurologic Applications. Radiology 2021; 299:3-26. [PMID: 33620291 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) evolved from simple two-dimensional T2*-weighted sequences to three-dimensional sequences with improved spatial resolution and enhanced susceptibility contrast. SWI is an MRI sequence sensitive to compounds that distort the local magnetic field (eg, calcium and iron), in which the phase information can differentiate. But the term SWI is colloquially used to denote high-spatial-resolution susceptibility-enhanced sequences across different MRI vendors and sequences even when phase information is not used. The imaging appearance of SWI and related sequences strongly depends on the acquisition technique. Initially, SWI and related sequences were mostly used to improve the depiction of findings already known from standard two-dimensional T2*-weighted neuroimaging: more microbleeds in patients who are aging or with dementia or mild brain trauma; increased conspicuity of superficial siderosis in Alzheimer disease and amyloid angiopathy; and iron deposition in neurodegenerative diseases or abnormal vascular structures, such as capillary telangiectasia. But SWI also helps to identify findings not visible on standard T2*-weighted images: the nigrosome 1 in Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, the central vein and peripheral rim signs in multiple sclerosis, the peripheral rim sign in abscesses, arterial signal loss related to thrombus, asymmetrically prominent cortical veins in stroke, and intratumoral susceptibility signals in brain neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- From the CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H.); CIMC Centre d'Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.) Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria (M.M.T.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (F.B.); Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.)
| | - E Mark Haacke
- From the CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H.); CIMC Centre d'Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.) Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria (M.M.T.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (F.B.); Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.)
| | - Majda M Thurnher
- From the CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H.); CIMC Centre d'Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.) Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria (M.M.T.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (F.B.); Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.)
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H.); CIMC Centre d'Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.) Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria (M.M.T.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (F.B.); Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B.)
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13
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Automated detection of cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4004. [PMID: 33597663 PMCID: PMC7889861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds, observed as small, spherical hypointense regions on gradient echo (GRE) or susceptibility weighted (SWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, reflect small hemorrhagic infarcts, and are associated with conditions such as vascular dementia, small vessel disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and Alzheimer’s disease. The current gold standard for detecting and rating cerebral microbleeds in a research context is visual inspection by trained raters, a process that is both time consuming and subject to poor reliability. We present here a novel method to automate microbleed detection on GRE and SWI images. We demonstrate in a community-based cohort of older adults that the method is highly sensitive (greater than 92% of all microbleeds accurately detected) across both modalities, with reasonable precision (fewer than 20 and 10 false positives per scan on GRE and SWI, respectively). We also demonstrate that the algorithm can be used to identify microbleeds over longitudinal scans with a higher level of sensitivity than visual ratings (50% of longitudinal microbleeds correctly labeled by the algorithm, while manual ratings was 30% or lower). Further, the algorithm identifies the anatomical localization of microbleeds based on brain atlases, and greatly reduces time spent completing visual ratings (43% reduction in visual rating time). Our automatic microbleed detection instrument is ideal for implementation in large-scale studies that include cross-sectional and longitudinal scanning, as well as being capable of performing well across multiple commonly used MRI modalities.
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14
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Chary K, Nissi MJ, Nykänen O, Manninen E, Rey RI, Shmueli K, Sierra A, Gröhn O. Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the rat brain after traumatic brain injury. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4438. [PMID: 33219598 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The primary lesion arising from the initial insult after traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a cascade of secondary tissue damage, which may also progress to connected brain areas in the chronic phase. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate variations in the susceptibility distribution related to these secondary tissue changes in a rat model after severe lateral fluid percussion injury. We compared quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2 * measurements with histological analyses in white and grey matter areas outside the primary lesion but connected to the lesion site. We demonstrate that susceptibility variations in white and grey matter areas could be attributed to reduction in myelin, accumulation of iron and calcium, and gliosis. QSM showed quantitative changes attributed to secondary damage in areas located rostral to the lesion site that appeared normal in R2 * maps. However, combination of QSM and R2 * was informative in disentangling the underlying tissue changes such as iron accumulation, demyelination, or calcifications. Therefore, combining QSM with R2 * measurement can provide a more detailed assessment of tissue changes and may pave the way for improved diagnosis of TBI, and several other complex neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chary
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Nykänen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eppu Manninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ramón I Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Shah BR, Holcomb JM, Davenport EM, Lack CM, McDaniel JM, Imphean DM, Xi Y, Rosenbaum DA, Urban JE, Wagner BC, Powers AK, Whitlow CT, Stitzel JD, Maldjian JA. Prevalence and Incidence of Microhemorrhages in Adolescent Football Players. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1263-1268. [PMID: 32661051 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SWI is an advanced imaging modality that is especially useful in cerebral microhemorrhage detection. Such microhemorrhages have been identified in adult contact sport athletes, and the sequelae of these focal bleeds are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration. The purpose of this study was to utilize SWI to determine whether the prevalence and incidence of microhemorrhages in adolescent football players are significantly greater than those of adolescent noncontact athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preseason and postseason SWI was performed and evaluated on 78 adolescent football players. SWI was also performed on 27 adolescent athletes who reported no contact sport history. Two separate one-tailed Fisher exact tests were performed to determine whether the prevalence and incidence of microhemorrhages in adolescent football players are greater than those of noncontact athlete controls. RESULTS Microhemorrhages were observed in 12 football players. No microhemorrhages were observed in any controls. Adolescent football players demonstrated a significantly greater prevalence of microhemorrhages than adolescent noncontact controls (P = .02). Although 2 football players developed new microhemorrhages during the season, microhemorrhage incidence during 1 football season was not statistically greater in the football population than in noncontact control athletes (P = .55). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent football players have a greater prevalence of microhemorrhages compared with adolescent athletes who have never engaged in contact sports. While microhemorrhage incidence during 1 season is not significantly greater in adolescent football players compared to adolescent controls, there is a temporal association between playing football and the appearance of new microhemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Shah
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - J M Holcomb
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - E M Davenport
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - C M Lack
- Departments of Radiology (C.M.L., C.T.W.)
| | - J M McDaniel
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - D M Imphean
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Y Xi
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - J E Urban
- Biomedical Engineering (J.E.U., J.D.S.)
| | - B C Wagner
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A K Powers
- Neurosurgery (A.K.P.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | | | - J A Maldjian
- From the Department of Radiology (B.R.S., J.M.H., E.M.D., J.M.M., D.M.I., Y.X., B.C.W., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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16
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Koch KM, Nencka AS, Swearingen B, Bauer A, Meier TB, McCrea M. Acute Post-Concussive Assessments of Brain Tissue Magnetism Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:848-857. [PMID: 33066712 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the promising capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) in producing biomarkers of brain injury. The present study aims to further explore acute QSM changes in athletes after sports concussion and investigate prognostication capabilities of QSM-derived imaging metrics. The QSM were derived from neurological MRI data acquired on a cohort (n = 78) of concussed male American football athletes within 48 h of injury. The MRI-derived QSM values in subcortical gray and white matter compartments after concussion showed differences relative to a matched uninjured control group (white matter: z = 3.04, p = 0.002, subcortical gray matter: z = -2.07, p = 0.04). Subcortical gray matter QSM MRI measurements also correlated strongly with duration of symptoms (ρ = -0.46, p = 0.002) within a subcohort of subjects who had symptom durations for at least one week (n = 39). The acute QSM MRI metrics showed promising prognostication capabilities, with subcortical gray matter compartment QSM values yielding a mean classification area under the curve performance of 0.78 when predicting symptoms of more than two weeks in duration. The results of the study reproduce previous acute post-concussion group QSM findings and provide promising initial prognostication capabilities of acute QSM measurements in a post-concussion setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Koch
- Department of Radiology and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew S Nencka
- Department of Radiology and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brad Swearingen
- Department of Radiology and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anne Bauer
- Data Science Group, The New York Times, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Yoen H, Yoo RE, Choi SH, Kim E, Oh BM, Yang D, Hwang I, Kang KM, Yun TJ, Kim JH, Sohn CH. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Post-Concussion Syndrome: Evaluation with Region-Based Quantification of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging Parameters Using Automatic Whole-Brain Segmentation. Korean J Radiol 2020; 22:118-130. [PMID: 32783413 PMCID: PMC7772380 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and automatic whole brain segmentation. Materials and Methods Forty-two consecutive mTBI patients with PCS who had undergone post-traumatic MR imaging, including DCE MR imaging, between October 2016 and April 2018, and 29 controls with DCE MR imaging were included in this retrospective study. After performing three-dimensional T1-based brain segmentation with FreeSurfer software (Laboratory for Computational Neuroimaging), the mean Ktrans and vp from DCE MR imaging (derived using the Patlak model and extended Tofts and Kermode model) were analyzed in the bilateral cerebral/cerebellar cortex, bilateral cerebral/cerebellar white matter (WM), and brainstem. Ktrans values of the mTBI patients and controls were calculated using both models to identify the model that better reflected the increased permeability owing to mTBI (tendency toward higher Ktrans values in mTBI patients than in controls). The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman rank correlation test were performed to compare the mean Ktrans and vp between the two groups and correlate Ktrans and vp with neuropsychological tests for mTBI patients. Results Increased permeability owing to mTBI was observed in the Patlak model but not in the extended Tofts and Kermode model. In the Patlak model, the mean Ktrans in the bilateral cerebral cortex was significantly higher in mTBI patients than in controls (p = 0.042). The mean vp values in the bilateral cerebellar WM and brainstem were significantly lower in mTBI patients than in controls (p = 0.009 and p = 0.011, respectively). The mean Ktrans of the bilateral cerebral cortex was significantly higher in patients with atypical performance in the auditory continuous performance test (commission errors) than in average or good performers (p = 0.041). Conclusion BBB disruption, as reflected by the increased Ktrans and decreased vp values from the Patlak model, was observed throughout the bilateral cerebral cortex, bilateral cerebellar WM, and brainstem in mTBI patients with PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Yoen
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roh Eul Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunkyung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongjin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inpyeong Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Utrera Pérez E, Santos Armentia E, Silva Priegue N, Villanueva Campos A, Jurado Basildo C. Should susceptibility-weighted imaging be included in the basic protocol for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain? RADIOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Utrera Pérez E, Santos Armentia E, Silva Priegue N, Villanueva Campos A, Jurado Basildo C. ¿Se debe incluir la secuencia de susceptibilidad magnética en el protocolo de resonancia magnética cerebral básico? RADIOLOGIA 2020; 62:320-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Arnold SA, Platt SR, Gendron KP, West FD. Imaging Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Disease of the Brain in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:279. [PMID: 32528985 PMCID: PMC7266937 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are the most common underlying cause of acute, non-progressive encephalopathy in dogs. In effect, substantial information detailing the underlying causes and predisposing factors, affected vessels, imaging features, and outcomes based on location and extent of injury is available. The features of canine strokes on both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described in numerous studies. This summary article serves as a compilation of these various descriptions. Drawing from the established and emerging stroke evaluation sequences used in the investigation of strokes in humans, this summary describes all theoretically available sequences. Particular detail is given to logistics of image acquisition, description of imaging findings, and each sequence's advantages and disadvantages. As the imaging features of both forms of strokes are highly representative of the underlying pathophysiologic stages in the hours to months following stroke onset, the descriptions of strokes at various stages are also discussed. It is unlikely that canine strokes can be diagnosed within the same rapid time frame as human strokes, and therefore the opportunity for thrombolytic intervention in ischemic strokes is unattainable. However, a thorough understanding of the appearance of strokes at various stages can aid the clinician when presented with a patient that has developed a stroke in the days or weeks prior to evaluation. Additionally, investigation into new imaging techniques may increase the sensitivity and specificity of stroke diagnosis, as well as provide new ways to monitor strokes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Arnold
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Simon R Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Karine P Gendron
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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21
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Griffin AD, Turtzo LC, Parikh GY, Tolpygo A, Lodato Z, Moses AD, Nair G, Perl DP, Edwards NA, Dardzinski BJ, Armstrong RC, Ray-Chaudhury A, Mitra PP, Latour LL. Traumatic microbleeds suggest vascular injury and predict disability in traumatic brain injury. Brain 2020; 142:3550-3564. [PMID: 31608359 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic microbleeds are small foci of hypointensity seen on T2*-weighted MRI in patients following head trauma that have previously been considered a marker of axonal injury. The linear appearance and location of some traumatic microbleeds suggests a vascular origin. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify and characterize traumatic microbleeds in patients with acute traumatic brain injury; (ii) determine whether appearance of traumatic microbleeds predict clinical outcome; and (iii) describe the pathology underlying traumatic microbleeds in an index patient. Patients presenting to the emergency department following acute head trauma who received a head CT were enrolled within 48 h of injury and received a research MRI. Disability was defined using Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended ≤6 at follow-up. All magnetic resonance images were interpreted prospectively and were used for subsequent analysis of traumatic microbleeds. Lesions on T2* MRI were stratified based on 'linear' streak-like or 'punctate' petechial-appearing traumatic microbleeds. The brain of an enrolled subject imaged acutely was procured following death for evaluation of traumatic microbleeds using MRI targeted pathology methods. Of the 439 patients enrolled over 78 months, 31% (134/439) had evidence of punctate and/or linear traumatic microbleeds on MRI. Severity of injury, mechanism of injury, and CT findings were associated with traumatic microbleeds on MRI. The presence of traumatic microbleeds was an independent predictor of disability (P < 0.05; odds ratio = 2.5). No differences were found between patients with punctate versus linear appearing microbleeds. Post-mortem imaging and histology revealed traumatic microbleed co-localization with iron-laden macrophages, predominately seen in perivascular space. Evidence of axonal injury was not observed in co-localized histopathological sections. Traumatic microbleeds were prevalent in the population studied and predictive of worse outcome. The source of traumatic microbleed signal on MRI appeared to be iron-laden macrophages in the perivascular space tracking a network of injured vessels. While axonal injury in association with traumatic microbleeds cannot be excluded, recognizing traumatic microbleeds as a form of traumatic vascular injury may aid in identifying patients who could benefit from new therapies targeting the injured vasculature and secondary injury to parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison D Griffin
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - L Christine Turtzo
- Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gunjan Y Parikh
- R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Program in Trauma, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Zachary Lodato
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Anita D Moses
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Govind Nair
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy A Edwards
- Surgical Neurology Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernard J Dardzinski
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Regina C Armstrong
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhik Ray-Chaudhury
- Surgical Neurology Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Partha P Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence L Latour
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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Panwar J, Hsu CCT, Tator CH, Mikulis D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Criteria for Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Study of 127 Post-Concussion Syndrome Patients. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1190-1196. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Panwar
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Brisbane, Southport, Australia
| | - Charles H. Tator
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Mikulis
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Lee AL. Advanced Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury. Korean J Neurotrauma 2020; 16:3-17. [PMID: 32395447 PMCID: PMC7192808 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2020.16.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socio-economic problem worldwide that mainly affects young adults. Neuroimaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with TBI. Some patients with mild TBI have variable neurological symptoms. In such patients, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can present normal findings. Advanced imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion weighted imaging, or functional MRI, can reveal abnormalities that are not detected using conventional imaging methods. Here, I briefly review current neuroimaging for TBI and survey advanced imaging techniques in terms of structural and functional aspects, which include a few promising areas of TBI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leum Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Korea
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24
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Rizk T, Turtzo LC, Cota M, Van Der Merwe AJ, Latour L, Whiting MD, Chan L. Traumatic microbleeds persist for up to five years following traumatic brain injury despite resolution of other acute findings on MRI. Brain Inj 2020; 34:773-781. [PMID: 32228304 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1725835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to track the incidence and progression of traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) for up to five years following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Thirty patients with mild, moderate, or severe TBI received initial MRI within 48 h of injury and continued in a longitudinal study for up to five years. The incidence and progression of MRI findings was assessed across the five year period. In addition to TMBs, we noted the presence of other imaging findings including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesions, extra-axial and intraventricular hemorrhage, hematoma, traumatic meningeal enhancement (TME), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities, and encephalomalacia. RESULTS TMBs were observed in 60% of patients at initial presentation. At one-year follow-up, TMBs were more persistent than other neuroimaging findings, with 83% remaining visible on MRI. In patients receiving serial MRI 2-5 years post-injury, acute TMBs were visible on all follow-up scans. In contrast, most other imaging markers of TBI had either resolved or evolved into ambiguous abnormalities on imaging by one year post-injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TMBs may serve as a uniquely persistent indicator of TBI and reinforce the importance of acute post-injury imaging for accurate characterization of persistent imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Rizk
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Christine Turtzo
- National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin Cota
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine , Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Latour
- National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine , Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Whiting
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine , Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Leighton Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center , Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine , Rockville, MD, USA
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25
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Shanmuganathan K, Zhuo J, Bodanapally UK, Kuladeep S, Aarabi B, Adams J, Miller C, Gullapallie RP, Menakar J. Comparison of Acute Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Parameters in Predicting Long-Term Outcome after Blunt Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:458-465. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiachen Zhuo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Uttam K. Bodanapally
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sudini Kuladeep
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bizhan Aarabi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason Adams
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catriona Miller
- Aeromedical Research Department, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Center for the Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rao P. Gullapallie
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jay Menakar
- R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Vinayagamani S, Sheelakumari R, Sabarish S, Senthilvelan S, Ros R, Thomas B, Kesavadas C. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications in Neuroimaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:23-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Sheelakumari
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology Trivandrum India
| | - Sekar Sabarish
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology Trivandrum India
| | | | - Roopa Ros
- Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Trivandrum India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology Trivandrum India
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27
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Liu W, Yeh PH, Nathan DE, Song C, Wu H, Bonavia GH, Ollinger J, Riedy G. Assessment of Brain Venous Structure in Military Traumatic Brain Injury Patients using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2213-2221. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- The NorthTide Group LLC, Sterling, Virginia
| | - Ping-Hong Yeh
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- The NorthTide Group LLC, Sterling, Virginia
| | - Dominic E. Nathan
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- The NorthTide Group LLC, Sterling, Virginia
| | - Chihwa Song
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helena Wu
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- The NorthTide Group LLC, Sterling, Virginia
| | - Grant H. Bonavia
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gerard Riedy
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
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28
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Longitudinal Resting State Functional Connectivity Predicts Clinical Outcome in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:650-660. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Morrison MA, Hess CP, Clarke JL, Butowski N, Chang SM, Molinaro AM, Lupo JM. Risk factors of radiotherapy-induced cerebral microbleeds and serial analysis of their size compared with white matter changes: A 7T MRI study in 113 adult patients with brain tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:868-877. [PMID: 30663150 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although radiation therapy (RT) contributes to survival benefit in many brain tumor patients, it has also been associated with long-term brain injury. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) represent an important manifestation of radiation-related injury. PURPOSE To characterize the change in size and number of CMBs over time and to evaluate their relationship to white matter structural integrity as measured using diffusion MRI indices. STUDY TYPE Longitudinal, retrospective, human cohort. POPULATION In all, 113 brain tumor patients including patients treated with focal RT (n = 91, 80.5%) and a subset of nonirradiated controls (n = 22, 19.5%). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Single and multiecho susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and multiband, shell, and direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 7 T. ASSESSMENT Patients were scanned either once or serially. CMBs were detected and quantified on SWI images using a semiautomated approach. Local and global fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured from DTI data for a subset of 35 patients. STATISTICAL TESTS Potential risk factors for CMB development were determined by multivariate linear regression and using linear mixed-effect models. Longitudinal FA was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated for trends. RESULTS All patients scanned at 1 or more years post-RT had CMBs. A history of multiple surgical resections was a risk factor for development of CMBs. The total number and volume of CMBs increased by 18% and 11% per year, respectively, although individual CMBs decreased in volume over time. Simultaneous to these microvascular changes, FA decreased by a median of 6.5% per year. While the majority of nonirradiated controls had no CMBs, four control patients presented with fewer than five CMBs. DATA CONCLUSION Identifying patients who are at the greatest risk for CMB development, with its likely associated long-term cognitive impairment, is an important step towards developing and piloting preventative and/or rehabilitative measures for patients undergoing RT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 4 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:868-877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Morrison
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF/UCB Graduate Group in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Lin F, Prince MR, Spincemaille P, Wang Y. Patents on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) of Tissue Magnetism. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2018; 13:90-113. [PMID: 30556508 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666181217112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) depicts biodistributions of tissue magnetic susceptibility sources, including endogenous iron and calcifications, as well as exogenous paramagnetic contrast agents and probes. When comparing QSM with simple susceptibility weighted MRI, QSM eliminates blooming artifacts and shows reproducible tissue susceptibility maps independent of field strength and scanner manufacturer over a broad range of image acquisition parameters. For patient care, QSM promises to inform diagnosis, guide surgery, gauge medication, and monitor drug delivery. The Bayesian framework using MRI phase data and structural prior knowledge has made QSM sufficiently robust and accurate for routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To address the lack of a summary of US patents that is valuable for QSM product development and dissemination into the MRI community. METHOD We searched the USPTO Full-Text and Image Database for patents relevant to QSM technology innovation. We analyzed the claims of each patent to characterize the main invented method and we investigated data on clinical utility. RESULTS We identified 17 QSM patents; 13 were implemented clinically, covering various aspects of QSM technology, including the Bayesian framework, background field removal, numerical optimization solver, zero filling, and zero-TE phase. CONCLUSION Our patent search identified patents that enable QSM technology for imaging the brain and other tissues. QSM can be applied to study a wide range of diseases including neurological diseases, liver iron disorders, tissue ischemia, and osteoporosis. MRI manufacturers can develop QSM products for more seamless integration into existing MRI scanners to improve medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- School of Law, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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31
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Rostowsky KA, Maher AS, Irimia A. Macroscale White Matter Alterations Due to Traumatic Cerebral Microhemorrhages Are Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Front Neurol 2018; 9:948. [PMID: 30483210 PMCID: PMC6243111 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), the ability to identify cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has become increasingly commonplace. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of post-traumatic CMBs remains controversial partly because it is unclear whether mTBI-related CMBs entail brain circuitry disruptions which, although structurally subtle, are functionally significant. This study combines magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging (MRI and DTI) to map white matter (WM) circuitry differences across 6 months in 26 healthy control volunteers and in 26 older mTBI victims with acute CMBs of traumatic etiology. Six months post-mTBI, significant changes (p < 0.001) in the mean fractional anisotropy of perilesional WM bundles were identified in 21 volunteers, and an average of 47% (σ = 21%) of TBI-related CMBs were associated with such changes. These results suggest that CMBs can be associated with lasting changes in perilesional WM properties, even relatively far from CMB locations. Future strategies for mTBI care will likely rely on the ability to assess how subtle circuitry changes impact neural/cognitive function. Thus, assessing CMB effects upon the structural connectome can play a useful role when studying CMB sequelae and their potential impact upon the clinical outcome of individuals with concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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32
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Zhang Y, Wei H, Sun Y, Cronin MJ, He N, Xu J, Zhou Y, Liu C. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a means to monitor cerebral hematoma treatment. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:907-915. [PMID: 29380461 PMCID: PMC6066470 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) offers a consistent hemorrhage volume measurement independent of imaging parameters. PURPOSE To investigate the magnetic susceptibility of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as a quantitative measurement for monitoring treatment in hematoma patients. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twenty-six patients with acute ICH were recruited and enrolled in treatment including surgery or medication (mannitol) for 1 week. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3D gradient echo sequence at 3.0T. ASSESSMENT The hematoma volumes on computed tomography (CT) and QSM were calculated and used for correlation analysis. Magnetic susceptibility changes from pre- to posttreatment were calculated and compared to the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) measure of neurological deficit for each patient. STATISTICAL TESTS Mean susceptibility values were calculated over each region of interest (ROI). A one-sample t-test was used to assess the changes of total volumes and mean magnetic susceptibility of ICH identified between pre- and posttreatment images (P < 0.05 was considered significant) and the Bland-Altman analysis with 95% limits of agreement (average difference, ±1.96 SD of the difference). Regression of volume measurements on QSM vs. CT and fitted linear regression of mean susceptibility vs. CT signal intensity for hematoma regions were conducted in all patients. RESULTS Good correlation was found between hemorrhage volumes calculated from CT and QSM (CT volume = 0.94*QSM volume, r = 0.98). Comparison of QSM pre- and posttreatment showed that the mean ICH volume was reduced by a statistically insignificant amount from 5.74 cm3 to 5.45 cm3 (P = 0.21), while mean magnetic susceptibility was reduced significantly from 0.48 ppm to 0.38 ppm (P = 0.004). A significant positive association was found between changes in magnetic susceptibility values and NIHSS following hematoma treatment (P < 0.01). DATA CONCLUSIONS QSM in hematoma assessment, as compared with CT, offers a comparably accurate volume measurement; however, susceptibility measurements may enable improved monitoring of ICH treatment compared to volume measurements alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:907-915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew J. Cronin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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33
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Nencka AS, Meier TB, Wang Y, Muftuler LT, Wu YC, Saykin AJ, Harezlak J, Brooks MA, Giza CC, Difiori J, Guskiewicz KM, Mihalik JP, LaConte SM, Duma SM, Broglio S, McAllister T, McCrea MA, Koch KM. Stability of MRI metrics in the advanced research core of the NCAA-DoD concussion assessment, research and education (CARE) consortium. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1121-1140. [PMID: 29064019 PMCID: PMC6445663 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) consortium is performing a large-scale, comprehensive study of sport related concussions in college student-athletes and military service academy cadets. The CARE "Advanced Research Core" (ARC), is focused on executing a cutting-edge investigative protocol on a subset of the overall CARE athlete population. Here, we present the details of the CARE ARC MRI acquisition and processing protocol along with preliminary analyzes of within-subject, between-site, and between-subject stability across a variety of MRI biomarkers. Two experimental datasets were utilized for this analysis. First, two "human phantom" subjects were imaged multiple times at each of the four CARE ARC imaging sites, which utilize equipment from two imaging vendors. Additionally, a control cohort of healthy athletes participating in non-contact sports were enrolled in the study at each CARE ARC site and imaged at four time points. Multiple morphological image contrasts were acquired in each MRI exam; along with quantitative diffusion, functional, perfusion, and relaxometry imaging metrics. As expected, the imaging markers were found to have varying levels of stability throughout the brain. Importantly, between-subject variance was generally found to be greater than within-subject and between-site variance. These results lend support to the expectation that cross-site and cross-vendor advanced quantitative MRI metrics can be utilized to improve analytic power in assessing sensitive neurological variations; such as those effects hypothesized to occur in sports-related-concussion. This stability analysis provides a crucial foundation for further work utilizing this expansive dataset, which will ultimately be freely available through the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research Informatics System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Nencka
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - L Tugan Muftuler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yu-Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - M Alison Brooks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Difiori
- Department of Orthopedics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen M LaConte
- Virginia Tech Carilon Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Stefan M Duma
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Steven Broglio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Koch
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Lotan E, Morley C, Newman J, Qian M, Abu-Amara D, Marmar C, Lui YW. Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhage following Chronic Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Military Service Members Using Susceptibility-Weighted MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1222-1225. [PMID: 29794235 PMCID: PMC7655437 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral microhemorrhages are a known marker of mild traumatic brain injury. Blast-related mild traumatic brain injury relates to a propagating pressure wave, and there is evidence that the mechanism of injury in blast-related mild traumatic brain injury may be different from that in blunt head trauma. Two recent reports in mixed cohorts of blunt and blast-related traumatic brain injury in military personnel suggest that the prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages is lower than in civilian head injury. In this study, we aimed to characterize the prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages in military service members specifically with chronic blast-related mild traumatic brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were prospectively recruited and underwent 3T MR imaging. Susceptibility-weighted images were assessed by 2 neuroradiologists independently for the presence of cerebral microhemorrhages. RESULTS Our cohort included 146 veterans (132 men) who experienced remote blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mean, 9.4 years; median, 9 years after injury). Twenty-one (14.4%) reported loss of consciousness for <30 minutes. Seventy-seven subjects (52.7%) had 1 episode of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury; 41 (28.1%) had 2 episodes; and 28 (19.2%) had >2 episodes. No cerebral microhemorrhages were identified in any subject, as opposed to the frequency of SWI-detectable cerebral microhemorrhages following blunt-related mild traumatic brain injury in the civilian population, which has been reported to be as high as 28% in the acute and subacute stages. CONCLUSIONS Our results may reflect differences in pathophysiology and the mechanism of injury between blast- and blunt-related mild traumatic brain injury. Additionally, the chronicity of injury may play a role in the detection of cerebral microhemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lotan
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.L., C.M., Y.W.L.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.L.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C Morley
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.L., C.M., Y.W.L.)
- Psychiatry (J.N., M.Q., D.A.-A., C.M.), Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - J Newman
- Psychiatry (J.N., M.Q., D.A.-A., C.M.), Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - M Qian
- Psychiatry (J.N., M.Q., D.A.-A., C.M.), Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - D Abu-Amara
- Psychiatry (J.N., M.Q., D.A.-A., C.M.), Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - C Marmar
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.L., C.M., Y.W.L.)
| | - Y W Lui
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.L., C.M., Y.W.L.)
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Koch KM, Meier TB, Karr R, Nencka AS, Muftuler LT, McCrea M. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping after Sports-Related Concussion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1215-1221. [PMID: 29880474 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quantitative susceptibility mapping using MR imaging can assess changes in brain tissue structure and composition. This report presents preliminary results demonstrating changes in tissue magnetic susceptibility after sports-related concussion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Longitudinal quantitative susceptibility mapping metrics were produced from imaging data acquired from cohorts of concussed and control football athletes. One hundred thirty-six quantitative susceptibility mapping datasets were analyzed across 3 separate visits (24 hours after injury, 8 days postinjury, and 6 months postinjury). Longitudinal quantitative susceptibility mapping group analyses were performed on stability-thresholded brain tissue compartments and selected subregions. Clinical concussion metrics were also measured longitudinally in both cohorts and compared with the measured quantitative susceptibility mapping. RESULTS Statistically significant increases in white matter susceptibility were identified in the concussed athlete group during the acute (24 hour) and subacute (day 8) period. These effects were most prominent at the 8-day visit but recovered and showed no significant difference from controls at the 6-month visit. The subcortical gray matter showed no statistically significant group differences. Observed susceptibility changes after concussion appeared to outlast self-reported clinical recovery metrics at a group level. At an individual subject level, susceptibility increases within the white matter showed statistically significant correlations with return-to-play durations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that sports-related concussion can induce physiologic changes to brain tissue that can be detected using MR imaging-based magnetic susceptibility estimates. In group analyses, the observed tissue changes appear to persist beyond those detected on clinical outcome assessments and were associated with return-to-play duration after sports-related concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Koch
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., R.K., A.S.N.)
| | - T B Meier
- Neurosurgery (T.B.M., L.T.M., M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - R Karr
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., R.K., A.S.N.)
| | - A S Nencka
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., R.K., A.S.N.)
| | - L T Muftuler
- Neurosurgery (T.B.M., L.T.M., M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - M McCrea
- Neurosurgery (T.B.M., L.T.M., M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Haller S, Vernooij MW, Kuijer JPA, Larsson EM, Jäger HR, Barkhof F. Cerebral Microbleeds: Imaging and Clinical Significance. Radiology 2018; 287:11-28. [PMID: 29558307 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018170803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), also referred to as microhemorrhages, appear on magnetic resonance (MR) images as hypointense foci notably at T2*-weighted or susceptibility-weighted (SW) imaging. CMBs are detected with increasing frequency because of the more widespread use of high magnetic field strength and of newer dedicated MR imaging techniques such as three-dimensional gradient-echo T2*-weighted and SW imaging. The imaging appearance of CMBs is mainly because of changes in local magnetic susceptibility and reflects the pathologic iron accumulation, most often in perivascular macrophages, because of vasculopathy. CMBs are depicted with a true-positive rate of 48%-89% at 1.5 T or 3.0 T and T2*-weighted or SW imaging across a wide range of diseases. False-positive "mimics" of CMBs occur at a rate of 11%-24% and include microdissections, microaneurysms, and microcalcifications; the latter can be differentiated by using phase images. Compared with postmortem histopathologic analysis, at least half of CMBs are missed with premortem clinical MR imaging. In general, CMB detection rate increases with field strength, with the use of three-dimensional sequences, and with postprocessing methods that use local perturbations of the MR phase to enhance T2* contrast. Because of the more widespread availability of high-field-strength MR imaging systems and growing use of SW imaging, CMBs are increasingly recognized in normal aging, and are even more common in various disorders such as Alzheimer dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, stroke, and trauma. Rare causes include endocarditis, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts, leukoencephalopathy, and radiation therapy. The presence of CMBs in patients with stroke is increasingly recognized as a marker of worse outcome. Finally, guidelines for adjustment of anticoagulant therapy in patients with CMBs are under development. © RSNA, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- From the Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge (CDRC), Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H., E.M.L.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (S.H.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.W.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.A.K., F.B.); Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (H.R.J., F.B.)
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- From the Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge (CDRC), Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H., E.M.L.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (S.H.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.W.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.A.K., F.B.); Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (H.R.J., F.B.)
| | - Joost P A Kuijer
- From the Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge (CDRC), Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H., E.M.L.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (S.H.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.W.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.A.K., F.B.); Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (H.R.J., F.B.)
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- From the Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge (CDRC), Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H., E.M.L.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (S.H.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.W.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.A.K., F.B.); Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (H.R.J., F.B.)
| | - Hans Rolf Jäger
- From the Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge (CDRC), Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H., E.M.L.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (S.H.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.W.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.A.K., F.B.); Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (H.R.J., F.B.)
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge (CDRC), Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (S.H.); Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.H., E.M.L.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (S.H.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.W.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.A.K., F.B.); Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England (H.R.J., F.B.)
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Kee Y, Liu Z, Zhou L, Dimov A, Cho J, de Rochefort L, Seo JK, Wang Y. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) Algorithms: Mathematical Rationale and Computational Implementations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 64:2531-2545. [PMID: 28885147 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2749298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) solves the magnetic field-to-magnetization (tissue susceptibility) inverse problem under conditions of noisy and incomplete field data acquired using magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, sophisticated algorithms are necessary to treat the ill-posed nature of the problem and are reviewed here. The forward problem is typically presented as an integral form, where the field is the convolution of the dipole kernel and tissue susceptibility distribution. This integral form can be equivalently written as a partial differential equation (PDE). Algorithmic challenges are to reduce streaking and shadow artifacts characterized by the fundamental solution of the PDE. Bayesian maximum a posteriori estimation can be employed to solve the inverse problem, where morphological and relevant biomedical knowledge (specific to the imaging situation) are used as priors. As the cost functions in Bayesian QSM framework are typically convex, solutions can be robustly computed using a gradient-based optimization algorithm. Moreover, one can not only accelerate Bayesian QSM, but also increase its effectiveness at reducing shadows using prior knowledge based preconditioners. Improving the efficiency of QSM is under active development, and a rigorous analysis of preconditioning needs to be carried out for further investigation.Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) solves the magnetic field-to-magnetization (tissue susceptibility) inverse problem under conditions of noisy and incomplete field data acquired using magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, sophisticated algorithms are necessary to treat the ill-posed nature of the problem and are reviewed here. The forward problem is typically presented as an integral form, where the field is the convolution of the dipole kernel and tissue susceptibility distribution. This integral form can be equivalently written as a partial differential equation (PDE). Algorithmic challenges are to reduce streaking and shadow artifacts characterized by the fundamental solution of the PDE. Bayesian maximum a posteriori estimation can be employed to solve the inverse problem, where morphological and relevant biomedical knowledge (specific to the imaging situation) are used as priors. As the cost functions in Bayesian QSM framework are typically convex, solutions can be robustly computed using a gradient-based optimization algorithm. Moreover, one can not only accelerate Bayesian QSM, but also increase its effectiveness at reducing shadows using prior knowledge based preconditioners. Improving the efficiency of QSM is under active development, and a rigorous analysis of preconditioning needs to be carried out for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwook Kee
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Liangdong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Alexey Dimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Ludovic de Rochefort
- Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, UMR CNRS 7339, Aix-Marseille University, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Jin Keun Seo
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Cernak I. Understanding blast-induced neurotrauma: how far have we come? Concussion 2017; 2:CNC42. [PMID: 30202583 PMCID: PMC6093818 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast injuries, including blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT), are caused by blast waves generated during an explosion. Accordingly, their history coincides with that of explosives. Hence, it is intriguing that, after more than 1000 years of using explosives, our understanding of the pathological consequences of blast and body/brain interactions is extremely limited. Postconflict recovery mechanisms seemingly include the suppression of painful experiences, such as explosive injuries. Unfortunately, ignoring the knowledge generated by previous generations of scientists retards research progress, leading to superfluous and repetitive studies. This article summarizes clinical and experimental findings published about blast injuries and BINT following the wars of the 20th and 21th centuries. Moreover, it offers a personal view on potential factors interfering with the progress of BINT research working toward providing better diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation for military personnel affected by blast exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolja Cernak
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Corbett Hall 3–48, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G4, Canada
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39
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Haller S. Advance MR imaging in sports-related concussion and mild traumatic brain injury - ready for clinical use? (Commentary on Tremblay et al
. 2017). Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1954-1955. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- Affidea CDRC Centre Diagnostique Radiologique de Carouge Clos de la Fonderie; 1, 1227 Carouge Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology; University Hospital Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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40
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Trifan G, Gattu R, Haacke EM, Kou Z, Benson RR. MR imaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury with persistent neurological impairment. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 37:243-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu S, Buch S, Chen Y, Choi HS, Dai Y, Habib C, Hu J, Jung JY, Luo Y, Utriainen D, Wang M, Wu D, Xia S, Haacke EM. Susceptibility-weighted imaging: current status and future directions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3552. [PMID: 27192086 PMCID: PMC5116013 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a method that uses the intrinsic nature of local magnetic fields to enhance image contrast in order to improve the visibility of various susceptibility sources and to facilitate diagnostic interpretation. It is also the precursor to the concept of the use of phase for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Nowadays, SWI has become a widely used clinical tool to image deoxyhemoglobin in veins, iron deposition in the brain, hemorrhages, microbleeds and calcification. In this article, we review the basics of SWI, including data acquisition, data reconstruction and post-processing. In particular, the source of cusp artifacts in phase images is investigated in detail and an improved multi-channel phase data combination algorithm is provided. In addition, we show a few clinical applications of SWI for the imaging of stroke, traumatic brain injury, carotid vessel wall, siderotic nodules in cirrhotic liver, prostate cancer, prostatic calcification, spinal cord injury and intervertebral disc degeneration. As the clinical applications of SWI continue to expand both in and outside the brain, the improvement of SWI in conjunction with QSM is an important future direction of this technology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifeng Liu
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sagar Buch
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
| | - Hyun-Seok Choi
- Department of Radiology, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongming Dai
- The MRI Institute of Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan, US
| | - Charbel Habib
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
| | - Joon-Yong Jung
- Department of Radiology, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Branch of Shanghai First Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - David Utriainen
- The MRI Institute of Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan, US
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - E. Mark Haacke
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US
- The MRI Institute of Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan, US
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to: E. Mark Haacke, Ph.D., 3990 John R Street, MRI Concourse, Detroit, MI 48201. 313-745-1395,
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Eskreis-Winkler S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, Dimov A, Gupta A, Wang Y. The clinical utility of QSM: disease diagnosis, medical management, and surgical planning. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3668. [PMID: 27906525 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an MR technique that depicts and quantifies magnetic susceptibility sources. Mapping iron, the dominant susceptibility source in the brain, has many important clinical applications. Herein, we review QSM applications in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of disease. To assist in early disease diagnosis, QSM can identify elevated iron levels in the motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, in the globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate of Huntington's disease patients, and in the basal ganglia of Wilson's disease patients. Additionally, QSM can distinguish between hemorrhage and calcification, which could prove useful in tumor subclassification, and can measure microbleeds in traumatic brain injury patients. In guiding medical management, QSM can be used to monitor iron chelation therapy in PD patients, to monitor smoldering inflammation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions after the blood-brain barrier (BBB) seals, to monitor active inflammation of MS lesions before the BBB seals without using gadolinium, and to monitor hematoma volume in intracerebral hemorrhage. QSM can also guide neurosurgical treatment. Neurosurgeons require accurate depiction of the subthalamic nucleus, a tiny deep gray matter nucleus, prior to inserting deep brain stimulation electrodes into the brains of PD patients. QSM is arguably the best imaging tool for depiction of the subthalamic nucleus. Finally, we discuss future directions, including bone QSM, cardiac QSM, and using QSM to map cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexey Dimov
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Deistung A, Schweser F, Reichenbach JR. Overview of quantitative susceptibility mapping. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3569. [PMID: 27434134 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility describes the magnetizability of a material to an applied magnetic field and represents an important parameter in the field of MRI. With the recently introduced method of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and its conceptual extension to susceptibility tensor imaging (STI), the non-invasive assessment of this important physical quantity has become possible with MRI. Both methods solve the ill-posed inverse problem to determine the magnetic susceptibility from local magnetic fields. Whilst QSM allows the extraction of the spatial distribution of the bulk magnetic susceptibility from a single measurement, STI enables the quantification of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, but requires multiple measurements with different orientations of the object relative to the main static magnetic field. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the fundamental theoretical foundation of QSM and STI, as well as computational strategies for the characterization of magnetic susceptibility with MRI phase data. In the second part, we provide an overview of current methodological and clinical applications of QSM with a focus on brain imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Deistung
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA
- MRI Clinical and Translational Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael Stifel Center for Data-driven and Simulation Science Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Wang Y, Spincemaille P, Liu Z, Dimov A, Deh K, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Gillen KM, Wilman AH, Gupta A, Tsiouris AJ, Kovanlikaya I, Chiang GCY, Weinsaft JW, Tanenbaum L, Chen W, Zhu W, Chang S, Lou M, Kopell BH, Kaplitt MG, Devos D, Hirai T, Huang X, Korogi Y, Shtilbans A, Jahng GH, Pelletier D, Gauthier SA, Pitt D, Bush AI, Brittenham GM, Prince MR. Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:951-971. [PMID: 28295954 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vital participants in normal cellular biochemistry, and their dysregulations are manifested in a variety of pathologic processes. Therefore, QSM can be used to assess important tissue functions and disease. To facilitate QSM clinical translation, this review aims to organize pertinent information for implementing a robust automated QSM technique in routine MRI practice and to summarize available knowledge on diseases for which QSM can be used to improve patient care. In brief, QSM can be generated with postprocessing whenever gradient echo MRI is performed. QSM can be useful for diseases that involve neurodegeneration, inflammation, hemorrhage, abnormal oxygen consumption, substantial alterations in highly paramagnetic cellular iron, bone mineralization, or pathologic calcification; and for all disorders in which MRI diagnosis or surveillance requires contrast agent injection. Clinicians may consider integrating QSM into their routine imaging practices by including gradient echo sequences in all relevant MRI protocols. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:951-971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alexey Dimov
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jianqi Li
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Yao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kelly M Gillen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan H Wilman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ilhami Kovanlikaya
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jonathan W Weinsaft
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Kaplitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Toxicology, Public Health and Environment, University of Lille, Lille, France.,INSERM U1171, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Toshinori Hirai
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yukunori Korogi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Alexander Shtilbans
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary M Brittenham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, Children's Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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45
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Bigler ED, Zielinski BA, Goodrich-Hunsaker N, Black GM, Huff BST, Christiansen Z, Wood DM, Abildskov TJ, Dennis M, Taylor HG, Rubin K, Vannatta K, Gerhardt CA, Stancin T, Yeates KO. The Relation of Focal Lesions to Cortical Thickness in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:1302-11. [PMID: 27342577 PMCID: PMC5525324 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816654143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In a sample of children with traumatic brain injury, this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based investigation examined whether presence of a focal lesion uniquely influenced cortical thickness in any brain region. Specifically, the study explored the relation of cortical thickness to injury severity as measured by Glasgow Coma Scale score and length of stay, along with presence of encephalomalacia, focal white matter lesions or presence of hemosiderin deposition as a marker of shear injury. For comparison, a group of children without head injury but with orthopedic injury of similar age and sex were also examined. Both traumatic brain injury and orthopedic injury children had normally reduced cortical thickness with age, assumed to reflect neuronal pruning. However, the reductions observed within the traumatic brain injury sample were similar to those in the orthopedic injury group, suggesting that in this sample traumatic brain injury, per se, did not uniquely alter cortical thickness in any brain region at the group level. Injury severity in terms of Glasgow Coma Scale or longer length of stay was associated with greater reductions in frontal and occipitoparietal cortical thickness. However, presence of focal lesions were not related to unique changes in cortical thickness despite having a prominent distribution of lesions within frontotemporal regions among children with traumatic brain injury. Because focal lesions were highly heterogeneous, their association with cortical thickness and development appeared to be idiosyncratic, and not associated with group level effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Bigler
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brandon A Zielinski
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Garrett M Black
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - B S Trevor Huff
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Dawn-Marie Wood
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Maureen Dennis
- Program in Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Department of Surgery and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth Rubin
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Vannatta
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Center for Behavioral Health, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Center for Behavioral Health, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Terry Stancin
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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46
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Bigler ED. Systems Biology, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychology, Neuroconnectivity and Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:55. [PMID: 27555810 PMCID: PMC4977319 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The patient who sustains a traumatic brain injury (TBI) typically undergoes neuroimaging studies, usually in the form of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In most cases the neuroimaging findings are clinically assessed with descriptive statements that provide qualitative information about the presence/absence of visually identifiable abnormalities; though little if any of the potential information in a scan is analyzed in any quantitative manner, except in research settings. Fortunately, major advances have been made, especially during the last decade, in regards to image quantification techniques, especially those that involve automated image analysis methods. This review argues that a systems biology approach to understanding quantitative neuroimaging findings in TBI provides an appropriate framework for better utilizing the information derived from quantitative neuroimaging and its relation with neuropsychological outcome. Different image analysis methods are reviewed in an attempt to integrate quantitative neuroimaging methods with neuropsychological outcome measures and to illustrate how different neuroimaging techniques tap different aspects of TBI-related neuropathology. Likewise, how different neuropathologies may relate to neuropsychological outcome is explored by examining how damage influences brain connectivity and neural networks. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic changes that occur following TBI and how best to capture those pathologies via different neuroimaging methods. However, traditional clinical neuropsychological techniques are not well suited for interpretation based on contemporary and advanced neuroimaging methods and network analyses. Significant improvements need to be made in the cognitive and behavioral assessment of the brain injured individual to better interface with advances in neuroimaging-based network analyses. By viewing both neuroimaging and neuropsychological processes within a systems biology perspective could represent a significant advancement for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D. Bigler
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young UniversityProvo, UT, USA
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47
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Andrews AM, Lutton EM, Merkel SF, Razmpour R, Ramirez SH. Mechanical Injury Induces Brain Endothelial-Derived Microvesicle Release: Implications for Cerebral Vascular Injury during Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:43. [PMID: 26973460 PMCID: PMC4770030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the endothelium responds to mechanical forces induced by changes in shear stress and strain. However, our understanding of vascular remodeling following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains incomplete. Recently published studies have revealed that lung and umbilical endothelial cells produce extracellular microvesicles (eMVs), such as microparticles, in response to changes in mechanical forces (blood flow and mechanical injury). Yet, to date, no studies have shown whether brain endothelial cells produce eMVs following TBI. The brain endothelium is highly specialized and forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which regulates diffusion and transport of solutes into the brain. This specialization is largely due to the presence of tight junction proteins (TJPs) between neighboring endothelial cells. Following TBI, a breakdown in tight junction complexes at the BBB leads to increased permeability, which greatly contributes to the secondary phase of injury. We have therefore tested the hypothesis that brain endothelium responds to mechanical injury, by producing eMVs that contain brain endothelial proteins, specifically TJPs. In our study, primary human adult brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) were subjected to rapid mechanical injury to simulate the abrupt endothelial disruption that can occur in the primary injury phase of TBI. eMVs were isolated from the media following injury at 2, 6, 24, and 48 h. Western blot analysis of eMVs demonstrated a time-dependent increase in TJP occludin, PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 following mechanical injury. In addition, activation of ARF6, a small GTPase linked to extracellular vesicle production, was increased after injury. To confirm these results in vivo, mice were subjected to sham surgery or TBI and blood plasma was collected 24 h post-injury. Isolation and analysis of eMVs from blood plasma using cryo-EM and flow cytometry revealed elevated levels of vesicles containing occludin following brain trauma. These results indicate that following TBI, the cerebral endothelium undergoes vascular remodeling through shedding of eMVs containing TJPs and endothelial markers. The detection of this shedding potentially allows for a novel methodology for real-time monitoring of cerebral vascular health (remodeling), BBB status and neuroinflammation following a TBI event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan M Lutton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven F Merkel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roshanak Razmpour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA; The Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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