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Althumayri M, Das R, Banavath R, Beker L, Achim AM, Ceylan Koydemir H. Recent Advances in Transparent Electrodes and Their Multimodal Sensing Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405099. [PMID: 39120484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the recent advancements in transparent electrodes and their crucial role in multimodal sensing technologies. Transparent electrodes, notable for their optical transparency and electrical conductivity, are revolutionizing sensors by enabling the simultaneous detection of diverse physical, chemical, and biological signals. Materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers, which offer a balance between optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, are at the forefront of this development. These electrodes are integral in various applications, from healthcare to solar cell technologies, enhancing sensor performance in complex environments. The paper addresses challenges in applying these electrodes, such as the need for mechanical flexibility, high optoelectronic performance, and biocompatibility. It explores new materials and innovative techniques to overcome these hurdles, aiming to broaden the capabilities of multimodal sensing devices. The review provides a comparative analysis of different transparent electrode materials, discussing their applications and the ongoing development of novel electrode systems for multimodal sensing. This exploration offers insights into future advancements in transparent electrodes, highlighting their transformative potential in bioelectronics and multimodal sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Althumayri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ritu Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Ramu Banavath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Levent Beker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Alin M Achim
- School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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2
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Wang R, Fu K, Zhao R, Wang D, Yang Z, Bin W, Gao Y, Ning X. Expanding the clinical application of OPM-MEG using an effective automatic suppression method for the dental brace metal artifact. Neuroimage 2024; 296:120661. [PMID: 38838840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Optically pumped magnetometer magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) holds significant promise for clinical functional brain imaging due to its superior spatiotemporal resolution. However, effectively suppressing metallic artifacts, particularly from devices such as orthodontic braces and vagal nerve stimulators remains a major challenge, hindering the wider clinical application of wearable OPM-MEG devices. A comprehensive analysis of metal artifact characteristics from time, frequency, and time-frequency perspectives was conducted for the first time using an OPM-MEG device in clinical medicine. This study focused on patients with metal orthodontics, examining the modulation of metal artifacts by breath and head movement, the incomplete regular sub-Gaussian distribution, and the high absolute power ratio in the 0.5-8 Hz band. The existing metal artifact suppression algorithms applied to SQUID-MEG, such as fast independent component analysis (FastICA), information maximization (Infomax), and algorithms for multiple unknown signal extraction (AMUSE), exhibit limited efficacy. Consequently, this study introduced the second-order blind identification (SOBI) algorithm, which utilized multiple time delays for the component separation of OPM-MEG measurement signals. We modified the time delays of the SOBI method to improve its efficacy in separating artifact components, particularly those in the ultralow frequency range. This approach employs the frequency-domain absolute power ratio, root mean square (RMS) value, and mutual information methods to automate the artifact component screening process. The effectiveness of this method was validated through simulation experiments involving four subjects in both resting and evoked experiments. In addition, the proposed method was also validated by the actual OPM-MEG evoked experiments of three subjects. Comparative analyses were conducted against the FastICA, Infomax, and AMUSE algorithms. Evaluation metrics included normalized mean square error, normalized delta band power error, RMS error, and signal-to-noise ratio, demonstrating that the proposed method provides optimal suppression of metal artifacts. This advancement holds promise for enhancing data quality and expanding the clinical applications of OPM-MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Large-scale Scientific Facility and Centre for Zero Magnetic Field Science, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Kaiwen Fu
- School of Instrumentation Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Large-scale Scientific Facility and Centre for Zero Magnetic Field Science, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Ruochen Zhao
- School of Instrumentation Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Large-scale Scientific Facility and Centre for Zero Magnetic Field Science, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Innovation Platform for industry-Education Integration in Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary, Shandong Key Laboratory for Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Shandong University, Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Zhimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Health Construction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Wei Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Health Construction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Large-scale Scientific Facility and Centre for Zero Magnetic Field Science, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Xiaolin Ning
- School of Instrumentation Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; National Innovation Platform for industry-Education Integration in Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary, Shandong Key Laboratory for Magnetic Field-free Medicine and Functional Imaging, Shandong University, Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China; National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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Rier L, Rhodes N, Pakenham DO, Boto E, Holmes N, Hill RM, Reina Rivero G, Shah V, Doyle C, Osborne J, Bowtell RW, Taylor M, Brookes MJ. Tracking the neurodevelopmental trajectory of beta band oscillations with optically pumped magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography. eLife 2024; 13:RP94561. [PMID: 38831699 PMCID: PMC11149934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations mediate the coordination of activity within and between brain networks, supporting cognition and behaviour. How these processes develop throughout childhood is not only an important neuroscientific question but could also shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, measuring the neurodevelopmental trajectory of oscillations has been hampered by confounds from instrumentation. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of a disruptive new imaging platform - optically pumped magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) - to study oscillations during brain development. We show how a unique 192-channel OPM-MEG device, which is adaptable to head size and robust to participant movement, can be used to collect high-fidelity electrophysiological data in individuals aged between 2 and 34 years. Data were collected during a somatosensory task, and we measured both stimulus-induced modulation of beta oscillations in sensory cortex, and whole-brain connectivity, showing that both modulate significantly with age. Moreover, we show that pan-spectral bursts of electrophysiological activity drive task-induced beta modulation, and that their probability of occurrence and spectral content change with age. Our results offer new insights into the developmental trajectory of beta oscillations and provide clear evidence that OPM-MEG is an ideal platform for studying electrophysiology in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Rier
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Rhodes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daisie O Pakenham
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United States
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Reina Rivero
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Richard W Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Margot Taylor
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Turk-Browne NB, Aslin RN. Infant neuroscience: how to measure brain activity in the youngest minds. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:338-354. [PMID: 38570212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The functional properties of the infant brain are poorly understood. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience are opening new avenues for measuring brain activity in human infants. These include novel uses of existing technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), the availability of newer technologies including functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and optically pumped magnetometry (OPM), and innovative applications of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake infants during cognitive tasks. In this review article we catalog these available non-invasive methods, discuss the challenges and opportunities encountered when applying them to human infants, and highlight the potential they may ultimately hold for advancing our understanding of the youngest minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Turk-Browne
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Richard N Aslin
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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5
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Tripathy K, Fogarty M, Svoboda AM, Schroeder ML, Rafferty SM, Richter EJ, Tracy C, Mansfield PK, Booth M, Fishell AK, Sherafati A, Markow ZE, Wheelock MD, Arbeláez AM, Schlaggar BL, Smyser CD, Eggebrecht AT, Culver JP. Mapping brain function in adults and young children during naturalistic viewing with high-density diffuse optical tomography. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26684. [PMID: 38703090 PMCID: PMC11069306 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Human studies of early brain development have been limited by extant neuroimaging methods. MRI scanners present logistical challenges for imaging young children, while alternative modalities like functional near-infrared spectroscopy have traditionally been limited by image quality due to sparse sampling. In addition, conventional tasks for brain mapping elicit low task engagement, high head motion, and considerable participant attrition in pediatric populations. As a result, typical and atypical developmental trajectories of processes such as language acquisition remain understudied during sensitive periods over the first years of life. We evaluate high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) imaging combined with movie stimuli for high resolution optical neuroimaging in awake children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. We built an HD-DOT system with design features geared towards enhancing both image quality and child comfort. Furthermore, we characterized a library of animated movie clips as a stimulus set for brain mapping and we optimized associated data analysis pipelines. Together, these tools could map cortical responses to movies and contained features such as speech in both adults and awake young children. This study lays the groundwork for future research to investigate response variability in larger pediatric samples and atypical trajectories of early brain development in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Tripathy
- Division of Biological and Biomedical SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Western Psychiatric HospitalUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Morgan Fogarty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alexandra M. Svoboda
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mariel L. Schroeder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sean M. Rafferty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Edward J. Richter
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Christopher Tracy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Patricia K. Mansfield
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Madison Booth
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Andrew K. Fishell
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Arefeh Sherafati
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Zachary E. Markow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Muriah D. Wheelock
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ana María Arbeláez
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Bradley L. Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Division of Biological and Biomedical SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Rier L, Rhodes N, Pakenham D, Boto E, Holmes N, Hill RM, Rivero GR, Shah V, Doyle C, Osborne J, Bowtell R, Taylor MJ, Brookes MJ. The neurodevelopmental trajectory of beta band oscillations: an OPM-MEG study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.573933. [PMID: 38260246 PMCID: PMC10802362 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.573933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Neural oscillations mediate the coordination of activity within and between brain networks, supporting cognition and behaviour. How these processes develop throughout childhood is not only an important neuroscientific question but could also shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, measuring the neurodevelopmental trajectory of oscillations has been hampered by confounds from instrumentation. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of a disruptive new imaging platform - Optically Pumped Magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) - to study oscillations during brain development. We show how a unique 192-channel OPM-MEG device, which is adaptable to head size and robust to participant movement, can be used to collect high-fidelity electrophysiological data in individuals aged between 2 and 34 years. Data were collected during a somatosensory task, and we measured both stimulus-induced modulation of beta oscillations in sensory cortex, and whole-brain connectivity, showing that both modulate significantly with age. Moreover, we show that pan-spectral bursts of electrophysiological activity drive task-induced beta modulation, and that their probability of occurrence and spectral content change with age. Our results offer new insights into the developmental trajectory of beta oscillations and provide clear evidence that OPM-MEG is an ideal platform for studying electrophysiology in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Rier
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Natalie Rhodes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Diagnostic Imaging,The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Daisie Pakenham
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Rd, Lenton, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ryan M. Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gonzalo Reina Rivero
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vishal Shah
- QuSpin Inc. 331 South 104th Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA
| | - Cody Doyle
- QuSpin Inc. 331 South 104th Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA
| | - James Osborne
- QuSpin Inc. 331 South 104th Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Margot J. Taylor
- Diagnostic Imaging,The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 7-8 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
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Safar K, Vandewouw MM, Sato J, Devasagayam J, Hill RM, Rea M, Brookes MJ, Taylor MJ. Using optically pumped magnetometers to replicate task-related responses in next generation magnetoencephalography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6513. [PMID: 38499615 PMCID: PMC10948796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) offer a new wearable means to measure magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals, with many advantages compared to conventional systems. However, OPMs are an emerging technology, thus characterizing and replicating MEG recordings is essential. Using OPM-MEG and SQUID-MEG, this study investigated evoked responses, oscillatory power, and functional connectivity during emotion processing in 20 adults, to establish replicability across the two technologies. Five participants with dental fixtures were included to assess the validity of OPM-MEG recordings in those with irremovable metal. Replicable task-related evoked responses were observed in both modalities. Similar patterns of oscillatory power to faces were observed in both systems. Increased connectivity was found in SQUID-versus OPM-MEG in an occipital and parietal anchored network. Notably, high quality OPM-MEG data were retained in participants with metallic fixtures, from whom no useable data were collected using conventional MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Safar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marlee M Vandewouw
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jasen Devasagayam
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, UK
| | - Molly Rea
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, UK
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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8
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Schofield H, Hill RM, Feys O, Holmes N, Osborne J, Doyle C, Bobela D, Corvilian P, Wens V, Rier L, Bowtell R, Ferez M, Mullinger KJ, Coleman S, Rhodes N, Rea M, Tanner Z, Boto E, de Tiège X, Shah V, Brookes MJ. A Novel, Robust, and Portable Platform for Magnetoencephalography using Optically Pumped Magnetometers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583313. [PMID: 38558964 PMCID: PMC10979878 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures brain function via assessment of magnetic fields generated by neural currents. Conventional MEG uses superconducting sensors, which place significant limitations on performance, practicality, and deployment; however, the field has been revolutionised in recent years by the introduction of optically-pumped-magnetometers (OPMs). OPMs enable measurement of the MEG signal without cryogenics, and consequently the conception of 'OPM-MEG' systems which ostensibly allow increased sensitivity and resolution, lifespan compliance, free subject movement, and lower cost. However, OPM-MEG remains in its infancy with limitations on both sensor and system design. Here, we report a new OPM-MEG design with miniaturised and integrated electronic control, a high level of portability, and improved sensor dynamic range (arguably the biggest limitation of existing instrumentation). We show that this system produces equivalent measures when compared to an established instrument; specifically, when measuring task-induced beta-band, gamma-band and evoked neuro-electrical responses, source localisations from the two systems were highly comparable and temporal correlation was >0.7 at the individual level and >0.9 for groups. Using an electromagnetic phantom, we demonstrate improved dynamic range by running the system in background fields up to 8 nT. We show that the system is effective in gathering data during free movement (including a sitting-to-standing paradigm) and that it is compatible with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG - the clinical standard). Finally, we demonstrate portability by moving the system between two laboratories. Overall, our new system is shown to be a significant step forward for OPM-MEG technology and offers an attractive platform for next generation functional medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Schofield
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ryan M. Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Odile Feys
- Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Laboratoire de neuroanatomie et neuroimagerie translationelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Department of neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Osborne
- QuSpin Inc. 331 South 104 Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA
| | - Cody Doyle
- QuSpin Inc. 331 South 104 Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA
| | - David Bobela
- QuSpin Inc. 331 South 104 Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA
| | - Pierre Corvilian
- Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Laboratoire de neuroanatomie et neuroimagerie translationelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Laboratoire de neuroanatomie et neuroimagerie translationelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Department of translational neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lukas Rier
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maxime Ferez
- Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Laboratoire de neuroanatomie et neuroimagerie translationelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen J. Mullinger
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sebastian Coleman
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Natalie Rhodes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Molly Rea
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zoe Tanner
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xavier de Tiège
- Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Laboratoire de neuroanatomie et neuroimagerie translationelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Department of translational neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vishal Shah
- QuSpin Inc. 331 South 104 Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA
| | - Matthew J. Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham, NG7 1LD, Nottingham, UK
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9
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Fernández-Martín R, Feys O, Juvené E, Aeby A, Urbain C, De Tiège X, Wens V. Towards the automated detection of interictal epileptiform discharges with magnetoencephalography. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 403:110052. [PMID: 38151188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of clinical magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients with epilepsy traditionally relies on visual identification of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), which is time consuming and dependent on subjective criteria. NEW METHOD Here, we explore the ability of Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and Hidden Markov Modeling (HMM) to automatically detect and localize IEDs. We tested our pipelines on resting-state MEG recordings from 10 school-aged children with (multi)focal epilepsy. RESULTS In focal epilepsy patients, both pipelines successfully detected visually identified IEDs, but also revealed unidentified low-amplitude IEDs. Success was more mitigated in patients with multifocal epilepsy, as our automated pipeline missed IED activity associated with some foci-an issue that could be alleviated by post-hoc manual selection of epileptiform ICs or HMM states. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We compared our results with visual IED detection by an experienced clinical magnetoencephalographer, getting heightened sensitivity and requiring minimal input from clinical practitioners. CONCLUSIONS IED detection based on ICA or HMM represents an efficient way to identify IED localization and timing. The development of these automatic IED detection algorithms provide a step forward in clinical MEG practice by decreasing the duration of MEG analysis and enhancing its sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Martín
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LNbT), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Odile Feys
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LNbT), Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elodie Juvené
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alec Aeby
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LNbT), Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LNbT), Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Hôpital Erasme, Service of translational Neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles (LNbT), Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Hôpital Erasme, Service of translational Neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Feys O, De Tiège X. From cryogenic to on-scalp magnetoencephalography for the evaluation of paediatric epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:298-306. [PMID: 37421175 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neurophysiological technique based on the detection of brain magnetic fields. Whole-head MEG systems typically house a few hundred sensors requiring cryogenic cooling in a rigid one-size-fits-all (commonly adult-sized) helmet to keep a thermal insulation space. This leads to an increased brain-to-sensor distance in children, because of their smaller head circumference, and decreased signal-to-noise ratio. MEG allows detection and localization of interictal and ictal epileptiform discharges, and pathological high frequency oscillations, as a part of the presurgical assessment of children with refractory focal epilepsy, where electroencephalography is not contributive. MEG can also map the eloquent cortex before surgical resection. MEG also provides insights into the physiopathology of both generalized and focal epilepsy. On-scalp recordings based on cryogenic-free sensors have demonstrated their use in the field of childhood focal epilepsy and should become a reference technique for diagnosing epilepsy in the paediatric population. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) contributes to the diagnosis and understanding of paediatric epilepsy. On-scalp MEG recordings demonstrate some advantages over cryogenic MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Feys
- Department of Neurology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
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11
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Feys O, Ferez M, Corvilain P, Schuind S, Rikir E, Legros B, Gaspard N, Holmes N, Brookes M, Wens V, De Tiège X. On-Scalp Magnetoencephalography Based On Optically Pumped Magnetometers Can Detect Mesial Temporal Lobe Epileptiform Discharges. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:620-622. [PMID: 38050959 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Feys
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Ferez
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Corvilain
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Schuind
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Estelle Rikir
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Legros
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Gaspard
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Niall Holmes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew Brookes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Sequeiros P, Hamandi K. Evaluating the performance of optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) in the diagnosis and presurgical workup of focal epilepsy. J Neurol 2024; 271:1492-1494. [PMID: 38345629 PMCID: PMC10896867 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Sequeiros
- The Wales Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF144XW, Wales
| | - Khalid Hamandi
- The Wales Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF144XW, Wales.
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF244HQ, Wales.
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13
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Mellor S, Timms RC, O'Neill GC, Tierney TM, Spedden ME, Brookes MJ, Wagstyl K, Barnes GR. Combining OPM and lesion mapping data for epilepsy surgery planning: a simulation study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2882. [PMID: 38311614 PMCID: PMC10838931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
When planning for epilepsy surgery, multiple potential sites for resection may be identified through anatomical imaging. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) using optically pumped sensors (OP-MEG) is a non-invasive functional neuroimaging technique which could be used to help identify the epileptogenic zone from these candidate regions. Here we test the utility of a-priori information from anatomical imaging for differentiating potential lesion sites with OP-MEG. We investigate a number of scenarios: whether to use rigid or flexible sensor arrays, with or without a-priori source information and with or without source modelling errors. We simulated OP-MEG recordings for 1309 potential lesion sites identified from anatomical images in the Multi-centre Epilepsy Lesion Detection (MELD) project. To localise the simulated data, we used three source inversion schemes: unconstrained, prior source locations at centre of the candidate sites, and prior source locations within a volume around the lesion location. We found that prior knowledge of the candidate lesion zones made the inversion robust to errors in sensor gain, orientation and even location. When the reconstruction was too highly restricted and the source assumptions were inaccurate, the utility of this a-priori information was undermined. Overall, we found that constraining the reconstruction to the region including and around the participant's potential lesion sites provided the best compromise of robustness against modelling or measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mellor
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - Ryan C Timms
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - George C O'Neill
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim M Tierney
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Meaghan E Spedden
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Konrad Wagstyl
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford St, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
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14
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Nous A, Seynaeve L, Feys O, Wens V, De Tiège X, Van Mierlo P, Baroumand AG, Nieboer K, Allemeersch GJ, Mangelschots S, Michiels V, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C, Ribbens A, Houbrechts R, De Witte S, Wittens MMJ, Bjerke M, Vanlersberghe C, Ceyssens S, Nagels G, Smolders I, Engelborghs S. Subclinical epileptiform activity in the Alzheimer continuum: association with disease, cognition and detection method. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:19. [PMID: 38263073 PMCID: PMC10804650 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epileptic seizures are an established comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subclinical epileptiform activity (SEA) as detected by 24-h electroencephalography (EEG) or magneto-encephalography (MEG) has been reported in temporal regions of clinically diagnosed AD patients. Although epileptic activity in AD probably arises in the mesial temporal lobe, electrical activity within this region might not propagate to EEG scalp electrodes and could remain undetected by standard EEG. However, SEA might lead to faster cognitive decline in AD. AIMS 1. To estimate the prevalence of SEA and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) in a well-defined cohort of participants belonging to the AD continuum, including preclinical AD subjects, as compared with cognitively healthy controls. 2. To evaluate whether long-term-EEG (LTM-EEG), high-density-EEG (hd-EEG) or MEG is superior to detect SEA in AD. 3. To characterise AD patients with SEA based on clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging parameters. METHODS Subjects (n = 49) belonging to the AD continuum were diagnosed according to the 2011 NIA-AA research criteria, with a high likelihood of underlying AD pathophysiology. Healthy volunteers (n = 24) scored normal on neuropsychological testing and were amyloid negative. None of the participants experienced a seizure before. Subjects underwent LTM-EEG and/or 50-min MEG and/or 50-min hd-EEG to detect IEDs. RESULTS We found an increased prevalence of SEA in AD subjects (31%) as compared to controls (8%) (p = 0.041; Fisher's exact test), with increasing prevalence over the disease course (50% in dementia, 27% in MCI and 25% in preclinical AD). Although MEG (25%) did not withhold a higher prevalence of SEA in AD as compared to LTM-EEG (19%) and hd-EEG (19%), MEG was significantly superior to detect spikes per 50 min (p = 0.002; Kruskall-Wallis test). AD patients with SEA scored worse on the RBANS visuospatial and attention subset (p = 0.009 and p = 0.05, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test) and had higher left frontal, (left) temporal and (left and right) entorhinal cortex volumes than those without. CONCLUSION We confirmed that SEA is increased in the AD continuum as compared to controls, with increasing prevalence with AD disease stage. In AD patients, SEA is associated with more severe visuospatial and attention deficits and with increased left frontal, (left) temporal and entorhinal cortex volumes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04131491. 12/02/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Nous
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information (FASC), Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Seynaeve
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Odile Feys
- Department of Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Et Neuroanatomie Translationnelles (LN2T), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Et Neuroanatomie Translationnelles (LN2T), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Et Neuroanatomie Translationnelles (LN2T), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Koenraad Nieboer
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert-Jan Allemeersch
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shana Mangelschots
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Michiels
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sara De Witte
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mandy Melissa Jane Wittens
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Biology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vanlersberghe
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ceyssens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Artificial Intelligence Supported Modelling in Clinical Sciences (AIMS) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information (FASC), Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.
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15
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Badier JM, Schwartz D, Bénar CG, Kanzari K, Daligault S, Romain R, Mitryukovskiy S, Fourcault W, Josselin V, Le Prado M, Jung J, Palacios-Laloy A, Romain C, Bartolomei F, Labyt E, Bonini F. Helium Optically Pumped Magnetometers Can Detect Epileptic Abnormalities as Well as SQUIDs as Shown by Intracerebral Recordings. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0222-23.2023. [PMID: 37932045 PMCID: PMC10748329 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0222-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) has been shown to improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment decision for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Still, its use remains limited because of several constraints such as cost, fixed helmet size, and the obligation of immobility. A new generation of sensors, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), could overcome these limitations. In this study, we validate the ability of helium-based OPM (4He-OPM) sensors to record epileptic brain activity thanks to simultaneous recordings with intracerebral EEG [stereotactic EEG (SEEG)]. We recorded simultaneous SQUIDs-SEEG and 4He-OPM-SEEG signals in one patient during two sessions. We show that epileptic activities on intracerebral EEG can be recorded by OPMs with a better signal-to noise ratio than classical SQUIDs. The OPM sensors open new venues for the widespread application of magnetoencephalography in the management of epilepsy and other neurologic diseases and fundamental neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Badier
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Denis Schwartz
- MEG Departement, CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Christian-George Bénar
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Khoubeib Kanzari
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | | | - Rudy Romain
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Sergey Mitryukovskiy
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - William Fourcault
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Vincent Josselin
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Matthieu Le Prado
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Julien Jung
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69002, France
| | - Augustin Palacios-Laloy
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Carron Romain
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 3005, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- Department of Epileptology and Cerebral Rythmology, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 3005, France
| | - Etienne Labyt
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Francesca Bonini
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- MEG Departement, CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon 69003, France
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16
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Bagić AI, Bowyer SM, Burgess RC, Funke ME, Lowden A, Mohamed IS, Wilson T, Zhang W, Zillgitt AJ, Tenney JR. Role of optically pumped magnetometers in presurgical epilepsy evaluation: Commentary of the American Clinical Magnetoencephalography Society. Epilepsia 2023; 64:3155-3159. [PMID: 37728519 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges of modern epileptology is the underutilization of epilepsy surgery for treatment of patients with focal, medication resistant epilepsy (MRE). Aggravating this distressing failure to deliver optimum care to these patients is the underuse of proven localizing tools, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), a clinically validated, non-invasive, neurophysiological method used to directly measure and localize brain activity. A sizable mass of published evidence indicates that MEG can improve identification of surgical candidates and guide pre-surgical planning, increasing the yield of SEEG and improving operative outcomes. However, despite at least 10 common, evidence supported, clinical scenarios in MRE patients where MEG can offer non-redundant information and improve the pre-surgical evaluation, it is regularly used by only a minority of USA epilepsy centers. The current state of the art in MEG sensors employs SQUIDs, which require cooling with liquid helium to achieve superconductivity. This sensor technology has undergone significant generational improvement since whole head MEG scanners were introduced around in 1990s, but still has limitations. Further advances in sensor technology which may make ME G more easily accessible and affordable have been eagerly awaited, and development of new techniques should be encouraged. Of late, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have received considerable attention, even prompting some potential acquisitions of new MEG systems to be put on hold, based on a hope that OPMs will usher in a new generation of MEG equipment and procedures. The development of any new clinical test used to guide intracranial EEG monitoring and/or surgical planning must address several specific issues. The goal of this commentary is to recognize the current state of OPM technology and to suggest a framework for it to advance in the clinical realm where it can eventually be deemed clinically valuable to physicians and patients. The American Clinical MEG Society (ACMEGS) strongly supports more advanced and less expensive technology and looks forward to continuing work with researchers to develop new sensors and clinical devices which will improve the experience and outcome for patients, and perhaps extend the role of MEG. However, currently, there are no OPM devices ready for practical clinical use. Based on the engineering obstacles and the clinical tradeoffs to be resolved, the assessment of experts suggests that there will most likely be another decade relying solely on "frozen SQUIDs" in the clinical MEG field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto I Bagić
- University of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan M Bowyer
- MEG Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard C Burgess
- Magnetoencephalography Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael E Funke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Lowden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ismail S Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tony Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Minnesota Epilepsy Group, Roseville, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew J Zillgitt
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Tenney
- MEG Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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17
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Feys O, Wens V, Corvilain P, Ferez M, Holmes N, Brookes M, De Tiège X. Where do we stand exactly with on-scalp magnetoencephalography in the presurgical evaluation of refractory focal epilepsy? Epilepsia 2023; 64:3414-3417. [PMID: 37863642 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Feys
- Department of Neurology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Corvilain
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Ferez
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niall Holmes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Ltd, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew Brookes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Ltd, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Yao L, Cheng N, Chen AQ, Wang X, Gao M, Kong QX, Kong Y. Advances in Neuroimaging and Multiple Post-Processing Techniques for Epileptogenic Zone Detection of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 38014782 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the approximately 20 million patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) worldwide, the vast majority can benefit from surgery to minimize seizure reduction and neurological impairment. Precise preoperative localization of epileptogenic zone (EZ) and complete resection of the lesions can influence the postoperative prognosis. However, precise localization of EZ is difficult, and the structural and functional alterations in the brain caused by DRE vary by etiology. Neuroimaging has emerged as an approach to identify the seizure-inducing structural and functional changes in the brain, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have become routine noninvasive imaging tools for preoperative evaluation of DRE in many epilepsy treatment centers. Multimodal neuroimaging offers unique advantages in detecting EZ, especially in improving the detection rate of patients with negative MRI or PET findings. This approach can characterize the brain imaging characteristics of patients with DRE caused by different etiologies, serving as a bridge between clinical and pathological findings and providing a basis for individualized clinical treatment plans. In addition to the integration of multimodal imaging modalities and the development of special scanning sequences and image post-processing techniques for early and precise localization of EZ, the application of deep machine learning for extracting image features and deep learning-based artificial intelligence have gradually improved diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. These improvements can provide clinical assistance for precisely outlining the scope of EZ and indicating the relationship between EZ and functional brain areas, thereby enabling standardized and precise surgery and ensuring good prognosis. However, most existing studies have limitations imposed by factors such as their small sample sizes or hypothesis-based study designs. Therefore, we believe that the application of neuroimaging and post-processing techniques in DRE requires further development and that more efficient and accurate imaging techniques are urgently needed in clinical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Medical Imaging Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - An-Qiang Chen
- Medical Imaging Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Medical Imaging Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Medical Imaging Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qing-Xia Kong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Medical Imaging Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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19
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Feys O, Corvilain P, Bertels J, Sculier C, Holmes N, Brookes M, Wens V, De Tiège X. On-scalp magnetoencephalography for the diagnostic evaluation of epilepsy during infancy. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 155:29-31. [PMID: 37673016 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Feys
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN(2)T), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Corvilain
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN(2)T), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Bertels
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN(2)T), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudine Sculier
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niall Holmes
- University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Brookes
- University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Wens
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN(2)T), Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN(2)T), Brussels, Belgium; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Cao F, An N, Xu W, Wang W, Li W, Wang C, Xiang M, Gao Y, Ning X. Optical Co-Registration Method of Triaxial OPM-MEG and MRI. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 42:2706-2713. [PMID: 37015113 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3263167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The advent of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) facilitates the development of on-scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG). In particular, the triaxial OPM emerged recently, making simultaneous measurements of all three orthogonal components of vector fields possible. The detection of triaxial magnetic fields improves the interference suppression capability and achieves higher source localization accuracy using fewer sensors. The source localization accuracy of MEG is based on the accurate co-registration of MEG and MRI. In this study, we proposed a triaxial co-registration method according to combined principal component analysis and iterative closest point algorithms for use of a flexible cap. A reference phantom with known sensor positions and orientations was designed and constructed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. Experiments showed that the average co-registered position errors of all sensors were approximately 1 mm and average orientation errors were less than 2.5° in the X -and Y orientations and less than 1.6° in the Z orientation. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of co-registration errors on the source localization using simulations. The average source localization error of approximately 1 mm reflects the effectiveness of the co-registration method. The proposed co-registration method facilitates future applications of triaxial sensors on flexible caps.
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21
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Mellor S, Tierney TM, Seymour RA, Timms RC, O'Neill GC, Alexander N, Spedden ME, Payne H, Barnes GR. Real-time, model-based magnetic field correction for moving, wearable MEG. Neuroimage 2023; 278:120252. [PMID: 37437702 PMCID: PMC11157691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neuroimaging techniques require the participant to remain still for reliable recordings to be made. Optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) based magnetoencephalography (OP-MEG) however, is a neuroimaging technique which can be used to measure neural signals during large participant movement (approximately 1 m) within a magnetically shielded room (MSR) (Boto et al., 2018; Seymour et al., 2021). Nevertheless, environmental magnetic fields vary both spatially and temporally and OPMs can only operate within a limited magnetic field range, which constrains participant movement. Here we implement real-time updates to electromagnetic coils mounted on-board of the OPMs, to cancel out the changing background magnetic fields. The coil currents were chosen based on a continually updating harmonic model of the background magnetic field, effectively implementing homogeneous field correction (HFC) in real-time (Tierney et al., 2021). During a stationary, empty room recording, we show an improvement in very low frequency noise of 24 dB. In an auditory paradigm, during participant movement of up to 2 m within a magnetically shielded room, introduction of the real-time correction more than doubled the proportion of trials in which no sensor saturated recorded outside of a 50 cm radius from the optimally-shielded centre of the room. The main advantage of such model-based (rather than direct) feedback is that it could allow one to correct field components along unmeasured OPM axes, potentially mitigating sensor gain and calibration issues (Borna et al., 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mellor
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - Tim M Tierney
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Robert A Seymour
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Ryan C Timms
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - George C O'Neill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Nicholas Alexander
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Meaghan E Spedden
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Heather Payne
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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22
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Cao F, Gao Z, Qi S, Chen K, Xiang M, An N, Ning X. Realistic three-layer head phantom for optically pumped magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107318. [PMID: 37595517 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The advent of optically pumped magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) has introduced new tools for neuroscience and clinical research. As it is still under development, the achievable performance of OPM-MEG remains to be tested, particularly in terms of source localization accuracy, which can be influenced by various factors, including software and hardware aspects. A feasible approach to comprehensively test the performance of the OPM-MEG system is to utilize a phantom that simulates the actual electrophysiological properties of the head while ensuring the precise locations of dipole sources. However, conventional water or dry phantoms can only simulate a single-sphere head model. In this work, a more realistic three-layer phantom was designed and fabricated. The proposed phantom included the scalp, skull, and cortex tissues of the head, as well as the simulated dipole sources. The scalp and cortex tissues were simulated using an electrolyte solution, while the dipole source was constructed from a coaxial cable. All main structures in the phantom were produced using 3D printing techniques, making the phantom easy to manufacture. The fabricated phantom was tested on a 36-channel OPM-MEG system, and the results showed that the dipole source inside the phantom could generate a magnetic field distribution on the scalp that was close to its theoretical values. The average source localization accuracy of 5.51 mm verified the effectiveness of the designed phantom and the performance of our OPM-MEG system. This work provides an effective test platform for OPM-MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Hangzhou Institute of National Extremely-weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Zhenfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shengjie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Quanum Life Sciences, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Min Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Hangzhou Institute of National Extremely-weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310028, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Nan An
- Hangzhou Institute of National Extremely-weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310028, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Xiaolin Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Hangzhou Institute of National Extremely-weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310028, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310051, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
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23
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Holmes N, Bowtell R, Brookes MJ, Taulu S. An Iterative Implementation of the Signal Space Separation Method for Magnetoencephalography Systems with Low Channel Counts. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6537. [PMID: 37514831 PMCID: PMC10385807 DOI: 10.3390/s23146537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The signal space separation (SSS) method is routinely employed in the analysis of multichannel magnetic field recordings (such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) data). In the SSS method, signal vectors are posed as a multipole expansion of the magnetic field, allowing contributions from sources internal and external to a sensor array to be separated via computation of the pseudo-inverse of a matrix of the basis vectors. Although powerful, the standard implementation of the SSS method on MEG systems based on optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) is unstable due to the approximate parity of the required number of dimensions of the SSS basis and the number of channels in the data. Here we exploit the hierarchical nature of the multipole expansion to perform a stable, iterative implementation of the SSS method. We describe the method and investigate its performance via a simulation study on a 192-channel OPM-MEG helmet. We assess performance for different levels of truncation of the SSS basis and a varying number of iterations. Results show that the iterative method provides stable performance, with a clear separation of internal and external sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (R.B.); (M.J.B.)
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Unit 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham NG7 1LD, UK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (R.B.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (R.B.); (M.J.B.)
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Unit 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham NG7 1LD, UK
| | - Samu Taulu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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24
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Holmes N, Rea M, Hill RM, Boto E, Leggett J, Edwards LJ, Rhodes N, Shah V, Osborne J, Fromhold TM, Glover P, Montague PR, Brookes MJ, Bowtell R. Naturalistic Hyperscanning with Wearable Magnetoencephalography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5454. [PMID: 37420622 DOI: 10.3390/s23125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of human cognitive function is reliant on complex social interactions which form the behavioural foundation of who we are. These social capacities are subject to dramatic change in disease and injury; yet their supporting neural substrates remain poorly understood. Hyperscanning employs functional neuroimaging to simultaneously assess brain activity in two individuals and offers the best means to understand the neural basis of social interaction. However, present technologies are limited, either by poor performance (low spatial/temporal precision) or an unnatural scanning environment (claustrophobic scanners, with interactions via video). Here, we describe hyperscanning using wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) based on optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs). We demonstrate our approach by simultaneously measuring brain activity in two subjects undertaking two separate tasks-an interactive touching task and a ball game. Despite large and unpredictable subject motion, sensorimotor brain activity was delineated clearly, and the correlation of the envelope of neuronal oscillations between the two subjects was demonstrated. Our results show that unlike existing modalities, OPM-MEG combines high-fidelity data acquisition and a naturalistic setting and thus presents significant potential to investigate neural correlates of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Unit 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham NG7 1LD, UK
| | - Molly Rea
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Unit 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham NG7 1LD, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Unit 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham NG7 1LD, UK
| | - Elena Boto
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Unit 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham NG7 1LD, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James Leggett
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lucy J Edwards
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Natalie Rhodes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vishal Shah
- QuSpin Inc., 331 South 104th Street, Suite 130, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
| | - James Osborne
- QuSpin Inc., 331 South 104th Street, Suite 130, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
| | - T Mark Fromhold
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Glover
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - P Read Montague
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Unit 2 Castlebridge Office Village, Kirtley Drive, Nottingham NG7 1LD, UK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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25
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Roth BJ. Biomagnetism: The First Sixty Years. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094218. [PMID: 37177427 PMCID: PMC10181075 DOI: 10.3390/s23094218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnetism is the measurement of the weak magnetic fields produced by nerves and muscle. The magnetic field of the heart-the magnetocardiogram (MCG)-is the largest biomagnetic signal generated by the body and was the first measured. Magnetic fields have been detected from isolated tissue, such as a peripheral nerve or cardiac muscle, and these studies have provided insights into the fundamental properties of biomagnetism. The magnetic field of the brain-the magnetoencephalogram (MEG)-has generated much interest and has potential clinical applications to epilepsy, migraine, and psychiatric disorders. The biomagnetic inverse problem, calculating the electrical sources inside the brain from magnetic field recordings made outside the head, is difficult, but several techniques have been introduced to solve it. Traditionally, biomagnetic fields are recorded using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers, but recently, new sensors have been developed that allow magnetic measurements without the cryogenic technology required for SQUIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Roth
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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26
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Xiang J, Yu X, Bonnette S, Anand M, Riehm CD, Schlink B, Diekfuss JA, Myer GD, Jiang Y. Improved Biomagnetic Signal-To-Noise Ratio and Source Localization Using Optically Pumped Magnetometers with Synthetic Gradiometers. Brain Sci 2023; 13:663. [PMID: 37190628 PMCID: PMC10136792 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) can capture brain activity but are susceptible to magnetic noise. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel methodology used to reduce magnetic noise in OPM measurements. A portable magnetoencephalography (MEG) prototype was developed with OPMs. The OPMs were divided into primary sensors and reference sensors. For each primary sensor, a synthetic gradiometer (SG) was constructed by computing a secondary sensor that simulated noise with signals from the reference sensors. MEG data from a phantom with known source signals and six human participants were used to assess the efficacy of the SGs. Magnetic noise in the OPM data appeared predominantly in a low frequency range (<4 Hz) and varied among OPMs. The SGs significantly reduced magnetic noise (p < 0.01), enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (p < 0.001) and improved the accuracy of source localization (p < 0.02). The SGs precisely revealed movement-evoked magnetic fields in MEG data recorded from human participants. SGs provided an effective method to enhance SNR and improve the accuracy of source localization by suppressing noise. Software-simulated SGs may provide new opportunities regarding the use of OPM measurements in various clinical and research applications, especially those in which movement is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Scott Bonnette
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Manish Anand
- Emory Sport Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Emory University, Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 45267, USA
| | - Christopher D. Riehm
- Emory Sport Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Emory University, Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 45267, USA
| | - Bryan Schlink
- Emory Sport Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Emory University, Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
| | - Jed A. Diekfuss
- Emory Sport Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Emory University, Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 45267, USA
| | - Gregory D. Myer
- Emory Sport Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Emory University, Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 45267, USA
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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27
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Schofield H, Boto E, Shah V, Hill RM, Osborne J, Rea M, Doyle C, Holmes N, Bowtell R, Woolger D, Brookes MJ. Quantum enabled functional neuroimaging: the why and how of magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers. CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS 2023; 63:161-179. [PMID: 38463461 PMCID: PMC10923587 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2182950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging has transformed neuroscientific discovery and clinical practice, providing a non-invasive window into the human brain. However, whilst techniques like MRI generate ever more precise images of brain structure, in many cases, it's the function within neural networks that underlies disease. Here, we review the potential for quantum-enabled magnetic field sensors to shed light on such activity. Specifically, we describe how optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) enable magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings with higher accuracy and improved practicality compared to the current state-of-the-art. The paper is split into two parts: first, we describe the work to date on OPM-MEG, detailing why this novel biomagnetic imaging technique is proving disruptive. Second, we explain how fundamental physics, including quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, underpins this developing technology. We conclude with a look to the future, outlining the potential for OPM-MEG to initiate a step change in the understanding and management of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Schofield
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elena Boto
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Nottingham, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ryan M Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Molly Rea
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Nottingham, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cerca Magnetics Limited, Nottingham, UK
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28
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Hillebrand A, Holmes N, Sijsma N, O'Neill GC, Tierney TM, Liberton N, Stam AH, van Klink N, Stam CJ, Bowtell R, Brookes MJ, Barnes GR. Non-invasive measurements of ictal and interictal epileptiform activity using optically pumped magnetometers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4623. [PMID: 36944674 PMCID: PMC10030968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) are important techniques for the diagnosis and pre-surgical evaluation of epilepsy. Yet, in current cryogen-based MEG systems the sensors are offset from the scalp, which limits the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thereby the sensitivity to activity from deep structures such as the hippocampus. This effect is amplified in children, for whom adult-sized fixed-helmet systems are typically too big. Moreover, ictal recordings with fixed-helmet systems are problematic because of limited movement tolerance and/or logistical considerations. Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs) can be placed directly on the scalp, thereby improving SNR and enabling recordings during seizures. We aimed to demonstrate the performance of OPMs in a clinical population. Seven patients with challenging cases of epilepsy underwent MEG recordings using a 12-channel OPM-system and a 306-channel cryogen-based whole-head system: three adults with known deep or weak (low SNR) sources of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), along with three children with focal epilepsy and one adult with frequent seizures. The consistency of the recorded IEDs across the two systems was assessed. In one patient the OPMs detected IEDs that were not found with the SQUID-system, and in two patients no IEDs were found with either system. For the other patients the OPM data were remarkably consistent with the data from the cryogenic system, noting that these were recorded in different sessions, with comparable SNRs and IED-yields overall. Importantly, the wearability of OPMs enabled the recording of seizure activity in a patient with hyperkinetic movements during the seizure. The observed ictal onset and semiology were in agreement with previous video- and stereo-EEG recordings. The relatively affordable technology, in combination with reduced running and maintenance costs, means that OPM-based MEG could be used more widely than current MEG systems, and may become an affordable alternative to scalp EEG, with the potential benefits of increased spatial accuracy, reduced sensitivity to volume conduction/field spread, and increased sensitivity to deep sources. Wearable MEG thus provides an unprecedented opportunity for epilepsy, and given its patient-friendliness, we envisage that it will not only be used for presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients, but also for diagnosis after a first seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Hillebrand
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Magnetoencephalography Center, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Brain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Systems and Network Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ndedi Sijsma
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Magnetoencephalography Center, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George C O'Neill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Department of Imaging Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Tim M Tierney
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Department of Imaging Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Niels Liberton
- Department of Medical Technology, 3D Innovation Lab, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anine H Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Magnetoencephalography Center, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Klink
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Magnetoencephalography Center, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Brain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Department of Imaging Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
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29
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Gutteling TP, Bonnefond M, Clausner T, Daligault S, Romain R, Mitryukovskiy S, Fourcault W, Josselin V, Le Prado M, Palacios-Laloy A, Labyt E, Jung J, Schwartz D. A New Generation of OPM for High Dynamic and Large Bandwidth MEG: The 4He OPMs-First Applications in Healthy Volunteers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23052801. [PMID: 36905007 PMCID: PMC10006929 DOI: 10.3390/s23052801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) provides a measure of electrical activity in the brain at a millisecond time scale. From these signals, one can non-invasively derive the dynamics of brain activity. Conventional MEG systems (SQUID-MEG) use very low temperatures to achieve the necessary sensitivity. This leads to severe experimental and economical limitations. A new generation of MEG sensors is emerging: the optically pumped magnetometers (OPM). In OPM, an atomic gas enclosed in a glass cell is traversed by a laser beam whose modulation depends on the local magnetic field. MAG4Health is developing OPMs using Helium gas (4He-OPM). They operate at room temperature with a large dynamic range and a large frequency bandwidth and output natively a 3D vectorial measure of the magnetic field. In this study, five 4He-OPMs were compared to a classical SQUID-MEG system in a group of 18 volunteers to evaluate their experimental performances. Considering that the 4He-OPMs operate at real room temperature and can be placed directly on the head, our assumption was that 4He-OPMs would provide a reliable recording of physiological magnetic brain activity. Indeed, the results showed that the 4He-OPMs showed very similar results to the classical SQUID-MEG system by taking advantage of a shorter distance to the brain, despite having a lower sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk P. Gutteling
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, MEG Departement, 69000 Lyon, France
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | - Tommy Clausner
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - William Fourcault
- CEA LETI, Minatec Campus, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Josselin
- CEA LETI, Minatec Campus, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Julien Jung
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Schwartz
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, MEG Departement, 69000 Lyon, France
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
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30
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Feys O, Corvilain P, Van Hecke A, Sculier C, Rikir E, Legros B, Gaspard N, Leurquin-Sterk G, Holmes N, Brookes M, Goldman S, Wens V, De Tiège X. Recording of Ictal Epileptic Activity Using on-Scalp Magnetoencephalography. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:419-421. [PMID: 36480016 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Feys
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Corvilain
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Van Hecke
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudine Sculier
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Estelle Rikir
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Legros
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Gaspard
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gil Leurquin-Sterk
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Brussels, Belgium.,University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Holmes
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew Brookes
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Brussels, Belgium.,University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Wens
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie et Neuroanatomie translationnelles (LN2T), Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Blank LJ, Jette N. Epilepsy research in 2022: clinical advances. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:15-17. [PMID: 36517157 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Blank
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathalie Jette
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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32
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Aslam N, Zhou H, Urbach EK, Turner MJ, Walsworth RL, Lukin MD, Park H. Quantum sensors for biomedical applications. NATURE REVIEWS. PHYSICS 2023; 5:157-169. [PMID: 36776813 PMCID: PMC9896461 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-023-00558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensors are finding their way from laboratories to the real world, as witnessed by the increasing number of start-ups in this field. The atomic length scale of quantum sensors and their coherence properties enable unprecedented spatial resolution and sensitivity. Biomedical applications could benefit from these quantum technologies, but it is often difficult to evaluate the potential impact of the techniques. This Review sheds light on these questions, presenting the status of quantum sensing applications and discussing their path towards commercialization. The focus is on two promising quantum sensing platforms: optically pumped atomic magnetometers, and nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. The broad spectrum of biomedical applications is highlighted by four case studies ranging from brain imaging to single-cell spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Aslam
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hengyun Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Elana K. Urbach
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Matthew J. Turner
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Ronald L. Walsworth
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | | | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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33
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Rea M, Boto E, Holmes N, Hill R, Osborne J, Rhodes N, Leggett J, Rier L, Bowtell R, Shah V, Brookes MJ. A 90-channel triaxial magnetoencephalography system using optically pumped magnetometers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:107-124. [PMID: 36065147 PMCID: PMC9826099 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the small magnetic fields generated by current flow in neural networks, providing a noninvasive metric of brain function. MEG is well established as a powerful neuroscientific and clinical tool. However, current instrumentation is hampered by cumbersome cryogenic field-sensing technologies. In contrast, MEG using optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) employs small, lightweight, noncryogenic sensors that provide data with higher sensitivity and spatial resolution, a natural scanning environment (including participant movement), and adaptability to any age. However, OPM-MEG is new and the optimum way to design a system is unknown. Here, we construct a novel, 90-channel triaxial OPM-MEG system and use it to map motor function during a naturalistic handwriting task. Results show that high-precision magnetic field control reduced background fields to ∼200 pT, enabling free participant movement. Our triaxial array offered twice the total measured signal and better interference rejection compared to a conventional (single-axis) design. We mapped neural oscillatory activity to the sensorimotor network, demonstrating significant differences in motor network activity and connectivity for left-handed versus right-handed handwriting. Repeatability across scans showed that we can map electrophysiological activity with an accuracy ∼4 mm. Overall, our study introduces a novel triaxial OPM-MEG design and confirms its potential for high-performance functional neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Rea
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Ryan Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Natalie Rhodes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - James Leggett
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Lukas Rier
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Matthew J. Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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34
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Pedersen M, Abbott DF, Jackson GD. Wearable OPM-MEG: A changing landscape for epilepsy. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2745-2753. [PMID: 35841260 PMCID: PMC9805039 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography with optically pumped magnometers (OPM-MEG) is an emerging and novel, cost-effective wearable system that can simultaneously record neuronal activity with high temporal resolution ("when" neuronal activity occurs) and spatial resolution ("where" neuronal activity occurs). This paper will first outline recent methodological advances in OPM-MEG compared to conventional superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-MEG before discussing how OPM-MEG can become a valuable and noninvasive clinical support tool in epilepsy surgery evaluation. Although OPM-MEG and SQUID-MEG share similar data features, OPM-MEG is a wearable design that fits children and adults, and it is also robust to head motion within a magnetically shielded room. This means that OPM-MEG can potentially extend the application of MEG into the neurobiology of severe childhood epilepsies with intellectual disabilities (e.g., epileptic encephalopathies) without sedation. It is worth noting that most OPM-MEG sensors are heated, which may become an issue with large OPM sensor arrays (OPM-MEG currently has fewer sensors than SQUID-MEG). Future implementation of triaxial sensors may alleviate the need for large OPM sensor arrays. OPM-MEG designs allowing both awake and sleep recording are essential for potential long-term epilepsy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangor Pedersen
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceAuckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David F. Abbott
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Graeme D. Jackson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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35
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Cao F, An N, Xu W, Wang W, Li W, Wang C, Yang Y, Xiang M, Gao Y, Ning X. OMMR: Co-registration toolbox of OPM-MEG and MRI. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:984036. [PMID: 36188451 PMCID: PMC9520783 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.984036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) based on optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) has shown better flexibility in sensor configuration compared with the conventional superconducting quantum interference devices-based MEG system while being better suited for all-age groups. However, this flexibility presents challenges for the co-registration of MEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hindering adoption. This study presents a toolbox called OMMR, developed in Matlab, that facilitates the co-registration step for researchers and clinicians. OMMR integrates the co-registration methods of using the electromagnetic digitization system and two types of optical scanners (the structural-light and laser scanner). As the first open-source co-registration toolbox specifically for OPM-MEG, the toolbox aims to standardize the co-registration process and set the ground for future applications of OPM-MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhi Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan An
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Weinan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic-Field Space and Applied Technology, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Gao,
| | - Xiaolin Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Brookes MJ, Leggett J, Rea M, Hill RM, Holmes N, Boto E, Bowtell R. Magnetoencephalography with optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG): the next generation of functional neuroimaging. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:621-634. [PMID: 35779970 PMCID: PMC10465236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures human brain function via assessment of the magnetic fields generated by electrical activity in neurons. Despite providing high-quality spatiotemporal maps of electrophysiological activity, current MEG instrumentation is limited by cumbersome field sensing technologies, resulting in major barriers to utility. Here, we review a new generation of MEG technology that is beginning to lift many of these barriers. By exploiting quantum sensors, known as optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), 'OPM-MEG' has the potential to dramatically outperform the current state of the art, promising enhanced data quality (better sensitivity and spatial resolution), adaptability to any head size/shape (from babies to adults), motion robustness (participants can move freely during scanning), and a less complex imaging platform (without reliance on cryogenics). We discuss the current state of this emerging technique and describe its far-reaching implications for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - James Leggett
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Molly Rea
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Niall Holmes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Elena Boto
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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