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Wu Y, Cao F, Lei H, Zhang S, Mei H, Ni L, Pang J. Interpretable multiphasic CT-based radiomic analysis for preoperatively differentiating benign and malignant solid renal tumors: a multicenter study. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:3096-3106. [PMID: 38733392 PMCID: PMC11335970 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop and compare machine learning models based on triphasic contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) for distinguishing between benign and malignant renal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 427 patients were enrolled from two medical centers: Center 1 (serving as the training set) and Center 2 (serving as the external validation set). First, 1781 radiomic features were individually extracted from corticomedullary phase (CP), nephrographic phase (NP), and excretory phase (EP) CECT images, after which 10 features were selected by the minimum redundancy maximum relevance method. Second, random forest (RF) models were constructed from single-phase features (CP, NP, and EP) as well as from the combination of features from all three phases (TP). Third, the RF models were assessed in the training and external validation sets. Finally, the internal prediction mechanisms of the models were explained by the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach. RESULTS A total of 266 patients with renal tumors from Center 1 and 161 patients from Center 2 were included. In the training set, the AUCs of the RF models constructed from the CP, NP, EP, and TP features were 0.886, 0.912, 0.930, and 0.944, respectively. In the external validation set, the models achieved AUCs of 0.860, 0.821, 0.921, and 0.908, respectively. The "original_shape_Flatness" feature played the most important role in the prediction outcome for the RF model based on EP features according to the SHAP method. CONCLUSIONS The four RF models efficiently differentiated benign from malignant solid renal tumors, with the EP feature-based RF model displaying the best performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohai Wu
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqi Lei
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongbing Mei
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangchao Ni
- Department of Urology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Trovato P, Simonetti I, Morrone A, Fusco R, Setola SV, Giacobbe G, Brunese MC, Pecchi A, Triggiani S, Pellegrino G, Petralia G, Sica G, Petrillo A, Granata V. Scientific Status Quo of Small Renal Lesions: Diagnostic Assessment and Radiomics. J Clin Med 2024; 13:547. [PMID: 38256682 PMCID: PMC10816509 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Small renal masses (SRMs) are defined as contrast-enhanced renal lesions less than or equal to 4 cm in maximal diameter, which can be compatible with stage T1a renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Currently, 50-61% of all renal tumors are found incidentally. Methods: The characteristics of the lesion influence the choice of the type of management, which include several methods SRM of management, including nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, ablation, observation, and also stereotactic body radiotherapy. Typical imaging methods available for differentiating benign from malignant renal lesions include ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Although ultrasound is the first imaging technique used to detect small renal lesions, it has several limitations. CT is the main and most widely used imaging technique for SRM characterization. The main advantages of MRI compared to CT are the better contrast resolution and tissue characterization, the use of functional imaging sequences, the possibility of performing the examination in patients allergic to iodine-containing contrast medium, and the absence of exposure to ionizing radiation. For a correct evaluation during imaging follow-up, it is necessary to use a reliable method for the assessment of renal lesions, represented by the Bosniak classification system. This classification was initially developed based on contrast-enhanced CT imaging findings, and the 2019 revision proposed the inclusion of MRI features; however, the latest classification has not yet received widespread validation. Conclusions: The use of radiomics in the evaluation of renal masses is an emerging and increasingly central field with several applications such as characterizing renal masses, distinguishing RCC subtypes, monitoring response to targeted therapeutic agents, and prognosis in a metastatic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Trovato
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.T.); (I.S.); (S.V.S.); (A.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Igino Simonetti
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.T.); (I.S.); (S.V.S.); (A.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Alessio Morrone
- Division of Radiology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Medical Oncology Division, Igea SpA, 80013 Naples, Italy
- Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), SIRM Foundation, Via della Signora 2, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Venanzio Setola
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.T.); (I.S.); (S.V.S.); (A.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Giuliana Giacobbe
- General and Emergency Radiology Department, “Antonio Cardarelli” Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Brunese
- Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Annarita Pecchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Sonia Triggiani
- Postgraduate School of Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Pellegrino
- Postgraduate School of Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Sica
- Radiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.T.); (I.S.); (S.V.S.); (A.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.T.); (I.S.); (S.V.S.); (A.P.); (V.G.)
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Grand T, Delavaud C, Dariane C, Ramtohul T, Guinebert S, Hélénon O, Mejean A, Timsit MO, Correas JM, Bodard S. Contrast enhancement early after renal malignancy cryoablation: imaging findings associated with benignity. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:8703-8714. [PMID: 37405502 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Contrast enhancement by MRI done early after cryoablation for renal malignancies may suggest residual tumor (RT). However, we have observed MRI enhancement within 48 h of cryoablation in patients who had no contrast enhancement 6 weeks later. Our purpose was to identify features of 48-h contrast enhancement in patients without RT. METHODS This single-center retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous cryoablation of renal malignancies in 2013-2020, exhibited cryoablation-zone MRI contrast enhancement 48 h later, and had available 6-week MRI scans. Persistent or growing CE at 6 weeks vs. 48 h was classified as RT. A washout index was calculated for each 48-h MRI, and its performance for predicting RT was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS We included 60 patients with 72 cryoablation procedures and 83 cryoablation zones exhibiting 48-h contrast enhancement; mean age was 66 ± 17 years. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma accounted for 95% of tumors. Of the 83 48-h enhancement zones, RT was observed in eight while 75 were benign. The 48-h enhancement was consistently visible at the arterial phase. Washout was significantly associated with RT (p < 0.001) and gradually increasing contrast enhancement with benignity (p < 0.009). A washout index below - 1.1 predicted RT with 88% sensitivity and 84% specificity. CONCLUSION MRI contrast enhancement 48 h after cryoablation of renal malignancies was usually benign. Washout was associated with residual tumor, with a washout index value below - 1.1 exhibiting good performance in predicting residual tumor. These findings may help to guide decisions about repeat cryoablation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement 48 h after cryoablation of renal malignancies rarely indicates residual tumor, which is characterized by washout with a washout index lower than - 1.1. KEY POINTS • Contrast enhancement at the arterial phase of magnetic resonance imaging done 48 h after cryoablation of a renal malignancy is usually benign. • Residual tumor manifesting as contrast enhancement at the arterial phase is characterized by subsequent marked washout. • A washout index below - 1.1 has 88% sensitivity and 84% specificity for residual tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Téodor Grand
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Imagerie Adulte, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Adult Radiology Department, Necker University Hospital, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Delavaud
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Imagerie Adulte, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Charles Dariane
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'urologie, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Toulsie Ramtohul
- Institut Curie, Service de Radiologie, PSL Research University, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Guinebert
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Imagerie Adulte, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hélénon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Imagerie Adulte, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mejean
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'urologie, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Olivier Timsit
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'urologie, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Correas
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Imagerie Adulte, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Bodard
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Imagerie Adulte, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
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Shang W, Hong G, Li W. MRI for the detection of small malignant renal masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1194128. [PMID: 37876965 PMCID: PMC10591109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1194128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to review the available evidence on the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating malignant from benign small renal masses. Methods An electronic literature search of Web of Science, MEDLINE (Ovid and PubMed), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed to identify relevant articles up to 31 January 2023. We included studies that reported the diagnostic accuracy of using magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate small (≤4 cm) malignant from benign renal masses. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated using the bivariate model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model. The study quality evaluation was performed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Results A total of 10 studies with 860 small renal masses (815 patients) were included in the current meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the studies for the detection of malignant masses were 0.85 (95% CI 0.79-0.90) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.67-0.92), respectively. Conclusions MRI had a moderate diagnostic performance in differentiating small malignant renal masses from benign ones. Substantial heterogeneity was observed between studies for both sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
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5
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Mohn F, Exner M, Szwargulski P, Möddel M, Knopp T, Graeser M. Saline bolus for negative contrast perfusion imaging in magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:175026. [PMID: 37609892 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ace309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is capable of high temporal resolution measurements of the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles and therefore well suited for perfusion imaging, which is an important tool in medical diagnosis. Perfusion imaging in MPI usually requires a fresh bolus of tracer material to capture the key signal dynamics. Here, we propose a method to decouple the imaging sequence from the injection of additional tracer material, without further increasing the administered iron dose in the body with each image.Approach.A bolus of physiological saline solution without any particles (negative contrast) diminishes the steady-state concentration of a long-circulating tracer during passage. This depression in the measured concentration contributes to the required contrast dynamics. The presence of a long-circulating tracer is therefore a prerequisite to obtain the negative contrast. As a quantitative tracer based imaging method, the signal is linear in the tracer concentration for any location that contains nanoparticles and zero in the surrounding tissue which does not provide any intrinsic signal. After tracer injection, the concentration over time (positive contrast) can be utilized to calculate dynamic diagnostic parameters like perfusion parameters in vessels and organs. Every acquired perfusion image thus requires a new bolus of tracer with a sufficiently large iron dose to be visible above the background.Main results.Perfusion parameters are calculated based on the time response of the proposed negative bolus and compared to a positive bolus. Results from phantom experiments show that normalized signals from positive and negative boli are concurrent and deviations of calculated perfusion maps are low.Significance.Our method opens up the possibility to increase the total monitoring time of a future patient by utilizing a positive-negative contrast sequence, while minimizing the iron dose per acquired image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Mohn
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Exner
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patryk Szwargulski
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Möddel
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Knopp
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-based Medicine, IMTE, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Graeser
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-based Medicine, IMTE, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Huang C, Ying S, Huang M, Qiu C, Lu F, Peng Z, Kong D. Three-Dimensional Voxel-Wise Quantitative Assessment of Imaging Features in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061170. [PMID: 36980478 PMCID: PMC10047821 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Voxel-wise quantitative assessment of typical characteristics in three-dimensional (3D) multiphase computed tomography (CT) imaging, especially arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) and subsequent washout (WO), is crucial for the diagnosis and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, this process is still missing in practice. Radiologists often visually estimate these features, which limit the diagnostic accuracy due to subjective interpretation and qualitative assessment. Quantitative assessment is one of the solutions to this problem. However, performing voxel-wise assessment in 3D is difficult due to the misalignments between images caused by respiratory and other physiological motions. In this paper, based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (v2018), we propose a registration-based quantitative model for the 3D voxel-wise assessment of image characteristics through multiple CT imaging phases. Specifically, we selected three phases from sequential CT imaging phases, i.e., pre-contrast phase (Pre), arterial phase (AP), delayed phase (DP), and then registered Pre and DP images to the AP image to extract and assess the major imaging characteristics. An iterative reweighted local cross-correlation was applied in the proposed registration model to construct the fidelity term for comparison of intensity features across different imaging phases, which is challenging due to their distinct intensity appearance. Experiments on clinical dataset showed that the means of dice similarity coefficient of liver were 98.6% and 98.1%, those of surface distance were 0.38 and 0.54 mm, and those of Hausdorff distance were 4.34 and 6.16 mm, indicating that quantitative estimation can be accomplished with high accuracy. For the classification of APHE, the result obtained by our method was consistent with those acquired by experts. For the WO, the effectiveness of the model was verified in terms of WO volume ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfei Huang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shihong Ying
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Meixiang Huang
- The School of Mathematics and Statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Chenhui Qiu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhiyi Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Dexing Kong
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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7
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Pourvaziri A, Mojtahed A, Hahn PF, Gee MS, Kambadakone A, Sahani DV. Renal lesion characterization: clinical utility of single-phase dual-energy CT compared to MRI and dual-phase single-energy CT. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:1318-1328. [PMID: 36074261 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of dual-energy CT (DECT) utilization in practice by measuring the readers' confidence, the need for additional image requests, and diagnostic performance in renal lesion assessment, compared to single-energy CT (SECT) using contrast-enhanced MRI to establish the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-nine patients (M/F = 47/22) who underwent a dual-phase renal SECT (n = 34) or DECT (n = 35) and had a contrast-enhanced MRI within 180 days were retrospectively collected. Three radiologists assessed images on different sessions (SECT, DECT, and MRI) for (1) likely diagnosis (enhancing/non-enhancing); (2) diagnostic confidence (5-point Likert scale); (3) need for additional imaging test (yes/no); and (4) need for follow-up imaging (yes/no). Diagnostic accuracy was compared using AUC; p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS One hundred fifty-six lesions consisting of 18% enhancing (n = 28/156, mean size: 30.37 mm, range: 9.9-94 mm) and 82% non-enhancing (n = 128/156, mean size: 23.91 mm, range: 5.0-94.2 mm) were included. The confidence level was significantly lower for SECT than their MRI (4.50 vs. 4.80, p value < 0.05) but not significantly different for DECT and the corresponding MRI (4.78 vs. 4.78, p > 0.05). There were significantly more requests for additional imaging in the SECT session than the corresponding MRI (20% vs. 4%), which was not significantly different between DECT and their MRI counterpart session (5.7% vs. 4.9%). Inter-reader agreement was almost perfect for DECT and MRI (kappa: 0.8-1) and substantial in SECT sessions (kappa: 0.6-0.8) with comparable diagnostic accuracy between SECT, DECT, and MRI (p value > 0.05). CONCLUSION Single-phase DECT allows confident and reproducible characterization of renal masses with fewer recommendation for additional and follow-up imaging tests than dual-phase SECT and a performance similar to MRI. KEY POINTS • DECT utilization leads to similar additional image requests to MRI (5.7% vs. 4.9%, p value > 0.05), whereas single-energy CT utilization leads to significantly higher image requests (20% vs. 4%, p value < 0.05). • DECT and MRI utilization bring highly reproducible results with almost perfect inter-reader agreement (kappa: 0.8-1), better than the inter-reader agreement in SECT utilization (kappa: 0.6-0.8). • Readers' confidence was not significantly altered between DECT and their MRI readout session (p value > 0.05). In contrast, confidence in the diagnosis was significantly lower in the SECT session than their MRI readout (p value < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourvaziri
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Amirkasra Mojtahed
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Peter F Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michael S Gee
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Dushyant V Sahani
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Yamada T, Masui T, Sasaki M, Katayama M, Iwadate Y, Takei N, Miyoshi M. Time resolved DCE-MRI of the kidneys: Evaluation of the renal vasculatures and tumors using F-DISCO with and without compressed sensing in normal and wide-bore 3T systems. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29971. [PMID: 35945778 PMCID: PMC9351894 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) has been widely used for the evaluation of renal arteries. This method is also useful for tumor and renal parenchyma characterization. The very fast MRI may provide stable and precise information regarding vasculature and soft tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of DCE-MRI to assess renal vasculatures and tumor perfusions using Differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering with spectrally selected inversion recovery with adiabatic pulses (F-DISCO) with and without compressed sensing (CS) in normal and wide-bore 3T systems. Fifty-one patients who underwent DCE-MRI using F-DISCO with or without CS for evaluation of renal or adrenal regions were included. Image quality, artifacts, fat saturation, and selective visual recognition of renal vasculatures were assessed by using a 5-point scale. Tumor recognition was verified by using a 5-point scale of confidence level. Signal intensities of each structure were also measured. In all cases, the temporal resolution of each phase for DCE-MRI was 1.9 to 2.0 seconds. Image quality, artifacts, fat saturation, and selective visual recognition of vasculatures were all acceptable (mean score 4.2-4.9). The selective visualization of renal arteries and veins was successfully accomplished (mean score 4.0-4.9). Contrast media perfusion for renal vasculature, renal parenchyma, and tumors was also recognized. DCE-MRI for the evaluation of renal vasculatures and tumors using F-DISCO with or without CS can be performed with high temporal and spatial resolutions in normal and wide-bore 3T systems. This information can be obtained in a stable fashion throughout the dynamic contrast study. CS can additionally provide benefits that the total imaging time may be shorter than without CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Masui
- Department of Radiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takayuki Masui, MD, PhD, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-district, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 430-8558, Japan (e-mail )
| | - Masako Sasaki
- Department of Radiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Katayama
- Department of Radiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwadate
- Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare Japan, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takei
- Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare Japan, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Miyoshi
- Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare Japan, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
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Schieda N, Davenport MS, Krishna S, Edney EA, Pedrosa I, Hindman N, Baroni RH, Curci NE, Shinagare A, Silverman SG. Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses, Version 2019: A Pictorial Guide to Clinical Use. Radiographics 2021; 41:814-828. [PMID: 33861647 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cystic renal masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice. In 2019, the Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, originally developed for CT, underwent a major revision to incorporate MRI and is referred to as the Bosniak Classification, version 2019. The proposed changes attempt to (a) define renal masses (ie, cystic tumors with less than 25% enhancing tissue) to which the classification should be applied; (b) emphasize specificity for diagnosis of cystic renal cancers, thereby decreasing the number of benign and indolent cystic masses that are unnecessarily treated or imaged further; (c) improve interobserver agreement by defining imaging features, terms, and classes of cystic renal masses; (d) reduce variation in reported malignancy rates for each of the Bosniak classes; (e) incorporate MRI and to some extent US; and (f) be applicable to all cystic renal masses encountered in clinical practice, including those that had been considered indeterminate with the original classification. The authors instruct how, using CT, MRI, and to some extent US, the revised classification can be applied, with representative clinical examples and images. Practical tips, pitfalls to avoid, and decision tree rules are included to help radiologists and other physicians apply the Bosniak Classification, version 2019 and better manage cystic renal masses. An online resource and mobile application are also available for clinical assistance. An invited commentary by Siegel and Cohan is available online. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Schieda
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Matthew S Davenport
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Satheesh Krishna
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Elizabeth A Edney
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Nicole Hindman
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Ronaldo H Baroni
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Nicole E Curci
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Atul Shinagare
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
| | - Stuart G Silverman
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 1H6 (N.S.); Departments of Radiology (M.S.D., N.E.C.) and Urology (M.S.D.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb (E.A.E.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (I.P.); Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (R.H.B.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.G.S.)
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10
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Cantisani V, Bertolotto M, Clevert DA, Correas JM, Drudi FM, Fischer T, Gilja OH, Granata A, Graumann O, Harvey CJ, Ignee A, Jenssen C, Lerchbaumer MH, Ragel M, Saftoiu A, Serra AL, Stock KF, Webb J, Sidhu PS. EFSUMB 2020 Proposal for a Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-Adapted Bosniak Cyst Categorization - Position Statement. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2021; 42:154-166. [PMID: 33307594 DOI: 10.1055/a-1300-1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The well-established Bosniak renal cyst classification is based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography determining the malignant potential of cystic renal lesions. Ultrasound has not been incorporated into this pathway. However, the development of ultrasound contrast agents coupled with the superior resolution of ultrasound makes it possible to redefine the imaging of cystic renal lesions. In this position statement, an EFSUMB Expert Task Force reviews, analyzes, and describes the accumulated knowledge and limitations and presents the current position on the use of ultrasound contrast agents in the evaluation of cystic renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Cantisani
- Department of Radiology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Bertolotto
- Department of Radiology, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, IT
| | - Dirk-André Clevert
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Munich-Großhadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean-Michel Correas
- Service de Radiologie adultes, Hôpital Necker, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiology, University Berlin, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- Haukeland University Hospital, National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Antonio Granata
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Emergency Hospital "Cannizzaro", Catania - Italy
| | - Ole Graumann
- Research and Innovation Unit of Radiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Christopher J Harvey
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andre Ignee
- Innere Medizin 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany
| | - Markus Herbert Lerchbaumer
- Department of Radiology, Charité Centrum 6 - Diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Ragel
- Radiology Department, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Adrian Saftoiu
- Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania
| | - Andreas L Serra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jolanta Webb
- Radiology Department, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paul S Sidhu
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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11
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Huber S, Balcacer De la Cruz P, Mahan M, Spektor M, Lo R, Block KT, Israel G. Comparison of image quality of subtracted and nonsubtracted breath hold VIBE and free breathing GRASP in the evaluation of renal masses. Clin Imaging 2021; 74:15-18. [PMID: 33421698 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the image quality of subtracted and nonsubtracted images obtained using volumetric interpolated breath-hold exam (VIBE) and free breathing T1 weighted Golden-angle Radial Sparse Parallel (GRASP). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 27 consecutive patients who underwent MRI for the evaluation of renal masses. Contrast enhanced VIBE and free breathing GRASP imaging were performed, and subtraction images generated. Two radiologists performed quantitative and qualitative evaluations of image quality of nonsubtracted and subtracted data sets. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t-test and kappa statistics. RESULTS VIBE images scored statistically higher for the following parameters in the coronal and axial plane: sharpness, streak artifact, image noise, and overall image quality for standard and subtracted images (all P values P < 0.001). GRASP images had significantly less subtraction artifact in the coronal (P = 0.042) plane with a similar trend in the axial plane (P = 0.079). Interreader Kappa values for qualitative images scores were fair to good (0.23-0.71). Quantitative subtracted GRASP images had significant less subtraction artifact compared to VIBE in the anterior-posterior (3.9 mm SD 2.6 mm versus 5.8 mm SD 3.6 mm, P = 0.010), and craniocaudal direction (4.4 mm SD 2.9 mm versus 7.0 mm SD 5.3 mm, P = 0.010); a trend was seen in the left-right direction (2.6 mm SD 1.4 mm versus 4.0 mm SD 3.9 mm, P = 0.084). CONCLUSION VIBE images have significantly better image quality than free breathing GRASP images, however free breathing GRASP images have significantly less subtraction artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Huber
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 333 Cedar St., PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Patricia Balcacer De la Cruz
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 333 Cedar St., PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Mathur Mahan
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 333 Cedar St., PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Michael Spektor
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 333 Cedar St., PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Ryan Lo
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 333 Cedar St., PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Kai Tobias Block
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Diagnostic Imaging, Magnetic Resonance, SHS DI MR DL EPX, Allee am Roethelheimpark 2, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gary Israel
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 333 Cedar St., PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America.
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12
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Wang ZJ, Nikolaidis P, Khatri G, Dogra VS, Ganeshan D, Goldfarb S, Gore JL, Gupta RT, Hartman RP, Heilbrun ME, Lyshchik A, Purysko AS, Savage SJ, Smith AD, Wolfman DJ, Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Lockhart ME. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Indeterminate Renal Mass. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:S415-S428. [PMID: 33153554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal masses are increasingly detected in asymptomatic individuals as incidental findings. CT and MRI with intravenous contrast and a dedicated multiphase protocol are the mainstays of evaluation for indeterminate renal masses. A single-phase postcontrast dual-energy CT can be useful when a dedicated multiphase renal protocol CT is not available. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with microbubble agents is a useful alternative for characterizing renal masses, especially for patients in whom iodinated CT contrast or gadolinium-based MRI contrast is contraindicated. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen J Wang
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
| | | | - Gaurav Khatri
- Panel Vice-Chair, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vikram S Dogra
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Stanley Goldfarb
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; American Society of Nephrology
| | - John L Gore
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; American Urological Association
| | - Rajan T Gupta
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Andrej Lyshchik
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Stephen J Savage
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; American Urological Association
| | - Andrew D Smith
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Darcy J Wolfman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Mark E Lockhart
- Specialty Chair, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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13
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Krishna S, Schieda N, Pedrosa I, Hindman N, Baroni RH, Silverman SG, Davenport MS. Update on MRI of Cystic Renal Masses Including Bosniak Version 2019. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 54:341-356. [PMID: 33009722 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidental cystic renal masses are common, usually benign, and almost always indolent. Since 1986, the Bosniak classification has been used to express the risk of malignancy in a cystic renal mass detected at imaging. Historically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was not included in that classification. The proposed Bosniak v.2019 update has formally incorporated MRI, included definitions of imaging terms designed to improve interobserver agreement and specificity for malignancy, and incorporated a variety of masses that were incompletely defined or not included in the original classification. For example, at unenhanced MRI, homogeneous masses markedly hyperintense at T2 -weighted imaging (similar to cerebrospinal fluid) and homogeneous masses markedly hyperintense at fat suppressed T1 -weighted imaging (approximately ≥2.5 times more intense than adjacent renal parenchyma) are classified as Bosniak II and may be safely ignored, even when they have not been imaged with a complete renal mass MRI protocol. MRI has specific advantages and is recommended to evaluate masses that at computed tomography (CT) 1) have abundant thick or nodular calcifications; 2) are homogeneous, hyperattenuating, ≥3 cm, and nonenhancing; or 3) are heterogeneous and nonenhancing. Although MRI is generally excellent for characterizing cystic renal masses, there are unique weaknesses of MRI that bear consideration. These details and others related to MRI of cystic renal masses are described in this review, with an emphasis on Bosniak v.2019. A website (https://bosniak-calculator.herokuapp.com/) and mobile phone apps named "Bosniak Calculator" have been developed for ease of assignment of Bosniak classes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Krishna
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicola Schieda
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Hindman
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronaldo H Baroni
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stuart G Silverman
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S Davenport
- Departments of Radiology and Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Musaddaq B, Musaddaq T, Gupta A, Ilyas S, von Stempel C. Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Evolving Role of Imaging in the 21st Century. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2020; 41:344-350. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Hemosiderin deposition in papillary renal cell carcinoma and its potential to mask enhancement on MRI: analysis of 110 cases. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:6033-6041. [PMID: 32518984 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between imperceptible T1 enhancement of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) on MR and intratumoral hemosiderin deposition. METHODS One hundred ten pRCCs (≤ 7 cm) were evaluated by MR with in- and opposed-phase spoiled gradient echo (GRE) and T1-weighted spoiled GRE with fat suppression before and after contrast. Hemosiderin deposition was assessed by SIindex and Dindex on in- and opposed-phase images. SIindex and Dindex are calculated as (SIin - SIopp)/(SIin) × 100, where SIin and SIopp are tumor signal intensities on in- and opposed-phase images and (Din)/(Dopp), where Din and Dopp are tumor diameters on in- and opposed-phase images, respectively. The degree of tumor enhancement was classified as grade 1 (no), grade 2 (subtle), or grade 3 (definite). Tumor enhancement on CT was assessed when available. RESULTS Five (5%), 10 (9%), and 95 (86%) tumors were categorized as grades 1, 2, and 3 enhancement, respectively. The mean SIindex was - 33.9, - 25.3, and 1.00, whereas the mean Dindex was 1.26, 1.05, and 1.00 in tumors with grades 1, 2, and 3 enhancement, respectively. Tumors with grade 1 enhancement had significantly lower SIindex (p = 0.001) and higher Dindex (p = 0.005) than those with grade 3 enhancement. Among six tumors with grade 1 or 2 enhancement and available CT, four tumors showed > 20 HU enhancement. CONCLUSIONS pRCC with no subjective enhancement on contrast-enhanced MR showed hemosiderin deposition evident by lower SIindex and higher Dindex. Hemosiderin deposition might mask the tumor enhancement on MR. KEY POINTS • 5% of papillary renal cell carcinoma showed imperceptible enhancement on contrast-enhanced MR. • Hemosiderin deposition in papillary renal cell carcinoma might mask the tumor enhancement on contrast-enhanced MR due to T2/T2*-shortening effects. • A renal lesion with extensive hemosiderin deposition but no perceptible enhancement on MR should be considered suspicious for papillary renal cell carcinoma.
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16
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Patel BN, Boltyenkov AT, Martinez MG, Mastrodicasa D, Marin D, Jeffrey RB, Chung B, Pandharipande P, Kambadakone A. Cost-effectiveness of dual-energy CT versus multiphasic single-energy CT and MRI for characterization of incidental indeterminate renal lesions. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:1896-1906. [PMID: 31894384 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DECT versus multiphasic CT and MRI for characterizing small incidentally detected indeterminate renal lesions using a Markov Monte Carlo decision-analytic model. BACKGROUND Incidental renal lesions are commonly encountered due to the increasing utilization of medical imaging and the increasing prevalence of renal lesions with age. Currently recommended imaging modalities to further characterize incidental indeterminate renal lesions have some inherent drawbacks. Single-phase DECT may overcome these limitations, but its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS A decision-analytic (Markov) model was constructed to estimate life expectancy and lifetime costs for otherwise healthy 64-year-old patients with small (≤ 4 cm) incidentally detected, indeterminate renal lesions on routine imaging (e.g., ultrasound or single-phase CT). Three strategies for evaluating renal lesions for enhancement were compared: multiphase SECT (e.g., true unenhanced and nephrographic phase), multiphasic MRI, and single-phase DECT (nephrographic phase in dual-energy mode). The model incorporated modality-specific diagnostic test performance, incidence, and prevalence of incidental renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), effectiveness, costs, and health outcomes. An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to identify strategy preference at willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed. RESULTS In the base case analysis, expected mean costs per patient undergoing characterization of incidental renal lesions were $2567 for single-phase DECT, $3290 for multiphasic CT, and $3751 for multiphasic MRI. Associated quality-adjusted life-years were the highest for single-phase DECT at 0.962, for multiphasic MRI it was 0.940, and was the lowest for multiphasic CT at 0.925. Because of lower associated costs and higher effectiveness, the single-phase DECT strategy dominated the other two strategies. CONCLUSIONS Single-phase DECT is potentially more cost-effective than multiphasic SECT and MRI for evaluating small incidentally detected indeterminate renal lesions.
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Krishna S, Leckie A, Kielar A, Hartman R, Khandelwal A. Imaging of Renal Cancer. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2020; 41:152-169. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Does quantitative assessment of arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout improve LI-RADS v2018–based classification of liver lesions? Eur Radiol 2020; 30:2922-2933. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Joe WB, Zarzour JG, Gunn AJ. Renal Cell Carcinoma Ablation: Preprocedural, Intraprocedural, and Postprocedural Imaging. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2019; 1:e190002. [PMID: 33778679 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2019190002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rising incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in recent decades necessitates careful consideration of additional treatment options, especially for patients who may be poor surgical candidates. An emerging body of evidence suggests that ablation may be performed effectively and safely even in patients with multiple comorbidities. Accordingly, clinical guidelines now include thermal ablation as an alternative for such patients with localized tumors that are 4.0 cm or smaller. Recent experience with these minimally invasive techniques has led to a greater understanding of the imaging findings that merit close attention when ablation is anticipated, or after it is performed. These imaging findings may guide the interventionalist's perception of the risks, technical challenges, and likelihood of treatment success associated with RCC ablation. The present review provides an overview of clinically relevant radiologic findings during the preprocedural, intraprocedural, and postprocedural period in the context of image-guided renal ablation. Keywords: Interventional-Body, Kidney, Percutaneous, Urinary © RSNA, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston B Joe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (W.B.J.); and Divisions of Abdominal Imaging (J.G.Z.) and Vascular and Interventional Radiology (A.J.G.), Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35249
| | - Jessica G Zarzour
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (W.B.J.); and Divisions of Abdominal Imaging (J.G.Z.) and Vascular and Interventional Radiology (A.J.G.), Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35249
| | - Andrew J Gunn
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (W.B.J.); and Divisions of Abdominal Imaging (J.G.Z.) and Vascular and Interventional Radiology (A.J.G.), Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35249
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An overview of non-invasive imaging modalities for diagnosis of solid and cystic renal lesions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 58:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Lee HJ. Usefulness of subtraction pelvic magnetic resonance imaging for detection of ovarian endometriosis. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2019; 37:90-97. [PMID: 31661751 PMCID: PMC7142026 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To minimize damage to the ovarian reserve, it is necessary to evaluate the follicular density in the ovarian tissue surrounding endometriosis on preoperative imaging. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of subtraction pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect ovarian reserve. Methods A subtracted T1-weighted image (subT1WI) was obtained by subtracting unenhanced T1WI from contrast-enhanced T1WI (ceT1WI) with similar parameters in 22 patients with ovarian endometriosis. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in ovarian endometriosis, which was classified into the high signal intensity and iso-to-low signal intensity groups on the T2-weighted image, was compared to that in normal ovarian tissue. To evaluate the effect of contrast enhancement, a standardization map was obtained by dividing subT1WI by ceT1WI. Results On visual assessment of 22 patients with ovarian endometriosis, 16 patients showed a high signal intensity, and 6 patients showed an iso-to-low signal intensity on T1WI. Although SNR in endometriosis with a high signal intensity was higher than that with an iso-to-low signal intensity, there was no difference in SNR after the subtraction (13.72±77.55 vs. 63.03±43.90, p=0.126). The area of the affected ovary was smaller than that of the normal ovary (121.10±22.48 vs. 380.51±75.87 mm2, p=0.002), but the mean number of pixels in the viable remaining tissue of the affected ovary was similar to that of the normal ovary (0.53±0.09 vs. 0.47±0.09, p=0.682). Conclusion The subtraction technique used with pelvic MRI could reveal the extent of endometrial invasion of the normal ovarian tissue and viable remnant ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Distinguishes Malignancy in T1-Hyperintense Small Renal Masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 214:114-121. [PMID: 31573857 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.21907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Small renal masses (< 4 cm) can be difficult to accurately classify as benign or malignant, particularly when they appear T1 hyperintense on MRI. This intrinsic signal, potentially related to intralesional hemorrhage, may limit evaluation of signal intensity on DWI. The purpose of this study was to test whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements may distinguish malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This single-center retrospective study identified patients with a T1-hyperintense renal mass less than 4 cm on MRI. Malignant lesions were pathologically proven; a benign mass was established by a predefined hierarchy of pathologic proof, follow-up ultrasound, or follow-up imaging showing more than 5 years of stability. T1 hyperintensity, defined as a signal intensity equivalent to or greater than the adjacent renal cortex, was confirmed by a senior abdominal radiologist. Two additional abdominal radiologists independently measured ADC of the lesion, which was normalized to the ADC of the background ipsilateral kidney and represented as ADCratio. RESULTS. The final cohort included 58 benign and 37 malignant renal lesions in 95 patients. Interrater agreement for ADC measurements was almost perfect (κ = 0.836-0.934). ADCratio was significantly lower in malignant compared with benign lesions (0.65 ± 0.29 vs 1.03 ± 0.32; p < 0.001). Malignant lesions were significantly larger than benign lesions (2.66 ± 0.86 cm vs 1.50 ± 0.65 cm; p < 0.001); however, after controlling for lesion size, ADCratio remained a significant predictor of malignancy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION. ADCratio was highly reproducible for T1-hyperintense small renal masses and was significantly lower in malignant compared with benign renal masses.
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Al Salmi IS, Halperin J, Al-Douri F, Leung V, Patlas M, Alabousi A. Validation of Region of Interest Measurements for the Objective Assessment of Post-Contrast Enhancement of Renal Lesions on MRI. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190507. [PMID: 31365281 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate the use of region of interest (ROI) measurements in MRI to objectively assess for enhancement in suspected solid renal masses and to determine a minimum threshold value for true enhancement. METHODS Contrast-enhanced renal MRI studies performed between January 2015 and December 2017 for patients with a known renal mass who had subsequent biopsy, or partial/radical nephrectomy were included. Two body imaging fellows independently measured the mean ROI values of renal masses, normal renal parenchyma, the ipsilateral psoas muscle and external air on the pre- and post-contrast sequences. The absolute and percentage changes in the mean ROI values were calculated. The readers were blinded to the pathology results. RESULTS 104 patients were included in this study (mean age of 65 years; 58 males and 46 females). 74 patients (71%) had a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Pathology showed clear-cell RCC in 55%, papillary RCC in 22%, and other RCC subtypes in 23%. There were 30 non-RCC renal lesions (29%), including oncocytoma, renal papillary adenoma, and renal metastasis.The minimum percentage change in ROI values in the pre- versus post-contrast images for all pathology-proven RCCs was 23% (range: 23-437%, mean: 143%); this represents relative enhancement and was referred to as the Signal Intensity Index (SII). The percentage change for normal renal parenchyma ranged from 32-317%. The maximum percentage change in ROI values for pathology proven renal cysts was 13% (range: -5-13%, mean: 3.5%). There was excellent inter observer agreement between the two readers [Intra-class correlation coefficient (r) 0.81]. CONCLUSION The percentage change in ROI values (SII) can be a helpful tool in the objective assessment of true enhancement of renal masses and can supplement subtraction images. The minimum threshold for enhancement in our study was 23%. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Enhancement of a renal lesion can be determined using the objective tool of ROI measurements in the pre- and post-contrast MR images with a percentage change of 20% or above indicating enhancement. This is an additional objective tool, which in conjunction with the subtraction images may improve detection and appropriate diagnosis of renal lesions. It could also be helpful in cases where the subtraction images are degraded by motion artefact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Sulaiman Al Salmi
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joshua Halperin
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Faten Al-Douri
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vincent Leung
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael Patlas
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Abdullah Alabousi
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
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Leão LRDS, Mussi TC, Yamauchi FI, Baroni RH. Common pitfalls in renal mass evaluation: a practical guide. Radiol Bras 2019; 52:254-261. [PMID: 31435088 PMCID: PMC6696749 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of patients over 50 years of age have had at least one focal renal lesion detected as an incidental finding during an ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Although the majority of such lesions can be easily detected and correctly characterized, misdiagnoses may occur and are often related to methodological limitations, inappropriate imaging protocols, or misinterpretation. This pictorial essay provides recommendations on how to recognize benign and malignant renal processes that can be potentially missed or mischaracterized in imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Caldara Mussi
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ide Yamauchi
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Hueb Baroni
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Update on Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent-Enhanced Imaging in the Genitourinary System. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212:1223-1233. [PMID: 30973785 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA)-enhanced MRI applications in the genitourinary system. CONCLUSION. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is rare or nonexistent with standard dosing of group II GBCAs. Gadolinium retention, cost, and examination times are emerging considerations affecting GBCA use. GBCA is unnecessary to diagnose adrenal adenomas, simple cysts, and some Bosniak category II cysts; however, it is required to determine solid or septal renal mass enhancement. Biparametric prostate MRI requires high-quality and reproducible DWI; therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI remains valuable in selected prostate MRI examinations.
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Evaluation of a free-breathing respiratory-triggered (Navigator) 3-D T1-weighted (T1W) gradient recalled echo sequence (LAVA) for detection of enhancement in cystic and solid renal masses. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:2507-2517. [PMID: 30506224 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate free-breathing Navigator-triggered 3-D T1-weighted MRI (NAV-LAVA) compared to breath-hold (BH)-LAVA among cystic and solid renal masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS With an IRB waiver, 44 patients with 105 renal masses (71 non-enhancing cysts and 14 cystic and 20 solid renal masses) underwent MRI between 2016 and 2017 where BH-LAVA and NAV-LAVA were performed. Subtraction images were generated for BH-LAVA and NAV-LAVA using pre- and 3-min post-gadolinium-enhanced images and were evaluated by two blinded radiologists for overall image quality, image sharpness, motion artifact, and quality of subtraction (using 5-point Likert scales) and presence/absence of enhancement. Percentage signal intensity change (Δ%SI) = ([SI.post-gadolinium-SI.pre-gadolinium]/SI.pre-gadolinium)*100, was measured on BH-LAVA and NAV-LAVA. Likert scores were compared using Wilcoxon's sign-rank test and accuracy for detection of enhancement compared using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Overall image quality (p = 0.002-0.141), image sharpness (p = 0.002-0.031), and motion artifact were better (p = 0.002) comparing BH-LAVA to NAV-LAVA for both radiologists; however, quality of image subtraction did not differ between groups (p = 0.09-0.14). Sensitivity/specificity/area under ROC curve for enhancement in cystic and solid renal masses using subtraction and %SIΔ were (1) BH-LAVA: 64.7%/98.6%/0.82 (radiologist 1), 61.8%/95.8%/0.79 (radiologist 2), and 70.6%/81.7%/0.76 (%SIΔ) versus 2) NAV-LAVA: 58.8%/95.8%/0.79 (radiologist 1, p = 0.16), 58.8%/88.7%/0.73 (radiologist 2, p = 0.37), and 73.5%/76.1%/0.75 (%SIΔ, p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS NAV-LAVA showed similar quality of subtraction and ability to detect enhancement compared to BH-LAVA in renal masses albeit with lower image quality, image sharpness, and increased motion artifact. NAV-LAVA may be considered in renal MRI for patients where BH is suboptimal. KEY POINTS • Free-breathing Navigator (NAV) 3-D subtraction MRI is comparable to breath-hold (BH) images. • Accuracy for subjective and quantitative diagnosis of enhancement in renal masses on NAV 3-D T1W is comparable to BH MRI. • NAV 3-D T1W renal MRI is useful in patients who may not be able to adequately BH.
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Zhou L, Tang L, Yang T, Chen W. Comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with MRI in the diagnosis of complex cystic renal masses: a meta-analysis. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:1254-1263. [PMID: 29363321 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118755575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The differential diagnosis of cystic renal masses still faces great challenges. There has been no systematically assessment to compare the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of cystic renal masses. Purpose To perform a meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic efficacy of CEUS with that of MRI for cystic renal masses. Material and Methods A systematic search was performed for literature evaluating the diagnostic performance of CEUS or MRI in cystic renal masses. Quality assessment of diagnostic studies 2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate the quality of each study included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and the areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUCs-SROC) curve for CEUS and MRI were calculated, respectively. Results Seventeen studies with 1142 lesions were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio for CEUS /MRI were 0.95/0.92, 0.84/0.91, 5.62/6.74, and 0.09/0.13, respectively. The AUCs-SROC curves for the two methods were 95.66% and 94.65%. The subgroup analysis indicated that the scanning slice thickness may influence the diagnostic efficacy of MRI. Conclusion Both CEUS and MRI have good diagnostic performance for cystic renal masses and can provide the reference for clinicians. CEUS is more sensitive but less specific than MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lemin Tang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
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Abstract
Small renal masses are increasingly detected incidentally at imaging. They vary widely in histology and aggressiveness, and include benign renal tumors and renal cell carcinomas that can be either indolent or aggressive. Imaging plays a key role in the characterization of these small renal masses. While a confident diagnosis can be made in many cases, some renal masses are indeterminate at imaging and can present as diagnostic dilemmas for both the radiologists and the referring clinicians. This article will summarize the current evidence of imaging features that correlate with the biology of small solid renal masses, and discuss key approaches in imaging characterization of these masses using CT and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen J Wang
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Antonio C Westphalen
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Ronald J Zagoria
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
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Hassanen O, Ghieda U, Eltomey MA. Contrast enhanced MRI and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma and differentiation of its subtypes. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Galia M, Albano D, Bruno A, Agrusa A, Romano G, Di Buono G, Agnello F, Salvaggio G, La Grutta L, Midiri M, Lagalla R. Imaging features of solid renal masses. Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20170077. [PMID: 28590813 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of abdominal imaging techniques has increased the detection of solid renal masses over the past years. Imaging plays a crucial role in the management and surveillance and in determining which lesions need treatment. The "classical angiomyolipoma" is the only benign solid renal mass that can be characterized with confidence by imaging through the detection of a fat-containing lesion without calcifications. There is a large overlap of imaging features between benign and malignant renal masses that often makes difficult a correct characterization of these lesions. In this review, we discuss the imaging features of the main solid renal masses that may suggest a likely benign diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Galia
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Albano
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Bruno
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Agrusa
- 2 Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Romano
- 2 Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Buono
- 2 Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Agnello
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salvaggio
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ludovico La Grutta
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Midiri
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Lagalla
- 1 Department of Radiology, DIBIMED, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Öztürk M, Ekinci A, Elbir ŞF, Okur A, Doğan S, Karahan ÖI. Usefulness of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Differential Diagnosis of Primary Solid and Cystic Renal Masses. Pol J Radiol 2017; 82:209-215. [PMID: 28469737 PMCID: PMC5398682 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.899984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for distinguishing between benign and malignant renal masses. MATERIAL/METHODS Seventy-five patients with 75 unilateral renal lesions were included, and 75 normal contralateral kidneys served as controls. The lesions were categorized into four groups as malignant cystic, malignant solid, benign cystic and benign solid. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were evaluated for two different b values (b=600 s/mm2 and b=1000 s/mm2). Receiving operating characteristic analysis was performed to identify threshold ADCs. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity were 67% and 77% (p=0.003) at the cutoff value of 1.5 for b=600 s/mm2, and 79% and 62% (p=0.004) at the cutoff value of 1.99 for b=1000 s/mm2 as regards the differentiation between solid benign and malignant renal lesions. Sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 79% (p=0.001) at the cutoff value of 3.1 for b=600 s/mm2, and 86% and 61% (p=0.003) at the cutoff value of 2.9 for b=1000 s/mm2 as regrads the differentiation between benign and malignant cystic renal lesions. CONCLUSIONS DWI can be an effective diagnostic method for distinguishing between benign and malignant renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Öztürk
- Department of Radiology, Diyarbakır Children's Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Afra Ekinci
- Department of Radiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şenol Fatih Elbir
- Department of Radiology, Private Gözde Academy Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aylin Okur
- Department of Radiology, Bozok University Medical Faculty, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Serap Doğan
- Department of Radiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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Digital Subtraction of Magnetic Resonance Images Improves Detection and Characterization of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2017; 41:614-618. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Davarpanah AH, Spektor M, Mathur M, Israel GM. Homogeneous T1 Hyperintense Renal Lesions with Smooth Borders: Is Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging Needed? Radiology 2016; 280:128-36. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.16151240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Elstob A, Gonsalves M, Patel U. Diagnostic modalities. Int J Surg 2016; 36:504-512. [PMID: 27321380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The incidental detection of small renal masses on imaging undertaken to evaluate unrelated symptoms or conditions is an increasingly common occurrence. Accurate imaging characterisation is fundamental to determining optimum patient management. The goals of imaging small renal masses include determining whether a lesion is solid or cystic, if there are signs of biological aggressiveness and whether the lesion is likely benign or malignant. The current imaging practices and the evidence supporting the use of different imaging modalities for the characterisation of small renal masses are discussed. CT remains the primary imaging modality and is able to classify most masses into surgical or non-surgical lesions. MRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound are most often employed to problem solve in lesions deemed indeterminate on contrast enhanced CT or for patients in which CECT is contraindicated. Percutaneous biopsy should be considered in lesions that remain indeterminate after initial imaging investigations. Given the central role of imaging in the management of small renal masses, all multidisciplinary team members involved in renal cancer care should have an understanding of the performance of the different imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Elstob
- Radiology Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
| | - Michael Gonsalves
- Radiology Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Uday Patel
- Radiology Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
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Small Renal Masses: To Biopsy or Not? The Role of Imaging in the Evaluation. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 2:156-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to provide an update on the imaging evaluation of cystic renal masses, to review benign and malignant etiologies of cystic renal masses, and to review current controversies and future directions in the management of these lesions. CONCLUSIONS Cystic renal masses are relatively common in daily practice. The Bosniak classification is a time-proven method for the imaging classification and management of these lesions. Knowledge of the pathognomonic features of certain benign Bosniak 2F/3 lesions is important to avoid surgery on these lesions (e.g., localized cystic disease, renal abscess). For traditionally surgical Bosniak lesions (Classes 3 and 4), there are evolving data that risk stratification based on patient demographics, imaging size, and appearance may allow for expanded management options including tailored surveillance or ablation, along with the traditional surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hindman
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, 660 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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NAKASHIMA KAZUFUMI, KITAGAWA YASUHIDE, IZUMI KOUJI, MIZOKAMI ATSUSHI, GABATA TOSHIFUMI, NAMIKI MIKIO. Diagnostic accuracy of pre-operative imaging findings in presumed clinical T1a renal cell carcinomas. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3189-3193. [PMID: 27123087 PMCID: PMC4840990 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of recent imaging modalities, certain pathological misdiagnoses remain for surgical specimens of presumed small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). In the present study, a retrospective analysis of benign pathological lesions diagnosed as small RCC prior to surgery was performed. In total, the cases of 196 sporadic renal tumors that was surgically treated as clinical T1a RCCs were reviewed, and the accuracy of the pathological diagnoses was calculated. The pre-operative findings for benign pathological lesions was investigated, and the lesions were observed in 13 (6.63%) of the 196 tumors. Pre-operative computed tomography images were obtained in all cases, and magnetic resonance images were available in 10 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities was significantly lower in the tumors with a diameter of ≤20 mm. In all cases, the possible pathological diagnosis of RCC could not be excluded even by retrospective imaging analysis. Several benign pathological lesions were found in small renal masses presumed to be clinical T1a RCC. In conclusion, there may be limitations to the pre-operative imaging for certain types of small renal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- KAZUFUMI NAKASHIMA
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - YASUHIDE KITAGAWA
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - KOUJI IZUMI
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - ATSUSHI MIZOKAMI
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - TOSHIFUMI GABATA
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - MIKIO NAMIKI
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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Abdel Razek AAK, Mousa A, Farouk A, Nabil N. Assessment of Semiquantitative Parameters of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging in Differentiation of Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pol J Radiol 2016; 81:90-4. [PMID: 27026793 PMCID: PMC4782830 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.894707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess semiquantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DCE) in differentiation of subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Material/Methods Prospective study conducted upon 34 patients (27 M, 7 F, aged 25–72 ys: mean 45 ys) with RCC. Abdominal dynamic contrast-enhanced gradient-recalled echo MR sequence after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine was obtained. The time signal intensity curve (TIC) of the lesion was created with calculation of enhancement ratio (ER), and washout ratio (WR). Results The subtypes of RCC were as follows: clear cell carcinomas (n=23), papillary carcinomas (n=6), and chromophobe carcinomas (n=5). The mean ER of clear cell, papillary and chromophobe RCC were 188±49.7, 35±8.9, and 120±41.6 respectively. The mean WR of clear cell, papillary and chromophobe RCCs were 28.6±6.8, 47.6±5.7 and 42.7±10, respectively. There was a significant difference in ER (P=0.001) and WR (P=0.001) between clear cell RCC and other subtypes of RCC. The threshold values of ER and WR used for differentiating clear cell RCC from other subtypes of RCC were 142 and 38 with areas under the curve of 0.937 and 0.895, respectively. Conclusions We concluded that ER and WR are semiquantitative perfusion parameters useful in differentiation of clear cell RCC from chromophobe and papillary RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amani Mousa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura University Hospital of Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farouk
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nancy Nabil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
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Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Multiphase Renal Protocol CT Versus MRI for Diagnosis of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:319-25. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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False-Positive Tumor Enhancement After Cryoablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:332-9. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mileto A, Sofue K, Marin D. Imaging the renal lesion with dual-energy multidetector CT and multi-energy applications in clinical practice: what can it truly do for you? Eur Radiol 2016; 26:3677-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Feng Q, Ma Z, Zhang S, Wu J. Usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging for the differentiation between low-fat angiomyolipoma and clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:12. [PMID: 26759751 PMCID: PMC4700039 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in differentiating clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) from low-fat renal angiomyolipomas (RAML), and to obtain the optimal b value. Fifty patients, including 30 cases of CCRCC and 20 cases of low-fat RAML, were retrospectively recruited to participate in this study. Before renal nephrectomy, all subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. For diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a respiratory-triggered coronal echo planar imaging sequence was performed with three groups of different b values (0 and 400, 600, and 800). The ADC and FA of kidneys were analyzed and compared between different b values using analysis of variance. Receiver operation characteristic analysis was computed to assess the diagnostic performance of ADC and FA in differentiating low-fat RAML from CCRCC and to determine the optimal b values. With either CCRCC or low-fat RAML, the ADC values decreased with increased b values and significant differences were observed (F = 11.34, 23.15, P < 0.05), while the FA values were not significantly different (F = 0.28, 2.80, P > 0.05). The statistical differences in ADC, and the FA values for CCRCC and low-fat RAML were significantly different (P < 0.05). When the b value was 0.800 s/mm2, the cutoff FA value for differentiating CCRCC from low-fat RAML was 0.254 × 10.3 mm2/s, and had a sensitivity of 100 %, and a specificity of 73.3 %. MR-DTI can be used to differentiate CCRCC from low-fat RAML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 262500 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 262500 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 262500 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Affiliated zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, No. 6 jiefang Road, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001 Liaoning People's Republic of China
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Heilbrun ME, Remer EM, Casalino DD, Beland MD, Bishoff JT, Blaufox MD, Coursey CA, Goldfarb S, Harvin HJ, Nikolaidis P, Preminger GM, Raman SS, Sahni A, Vikram R, Weinfeld RM. ACR Appropriateness Criteria indeterminate renal mass. J Am Coll Radiol 2015; 12:333-41. [PMID: 25842014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal masses are increasingly detected in asymptomatic individuals as incidental findings. An indeterminate renal mass is one that cannot be diagnosed confidently as benign or malignant at the time it is discovered. CT, ultrasonography, and MRI of renal masses with fast-scan techniques and intravenous (IV) contrast are the mainstays of evaluation. Dual-energy CT, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, PET/CT, and percutaneous biopsy are all technologies that are gaining traction in the characterization of the indeterminate renal mass. In cases in which IV contrast cannot be used, whether because of IV contrast allergy or renal insufficiency, renal mass classification with CT is markedly limited. In the absence of IV contrast, ultrasonography, MRI, and biopsy have some advantages. Owing to the low malignant and metastatic potential of small renal cell carcinomas (≤4 cm in diameter), active surveillance is additionally emerging as a diagnostic strategy for patients who have high surgical risk or limited life expectancy. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and application by the panel of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures. In those instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stanley Goldfarb
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Steven S Raman
- Universty of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anik Sahni
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Robert M Weinfeld
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Troy, Michigan
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Percutaneous Needle Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Differentiation of Renal Masses: a Pilot Cohort. J Urol 2015; 195:1578-1585. [PMID: 26719027 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determine the ability of percutaneous needle based optical coherence tomography to differentiate renal masses by using the attenuation coefficient (μOCT, mm(-1)) as a quantitative measure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Percutaneous needle based optical coherence tomography of the kidney was performed in patients presenting with a solid renal mass. A pathology specimen was acquired in the form of biopsies and/or a resection specimen. Optical coherence tomography results of 40 patients were correlated to pathology results of the resected specimens in order to derive μOCT values corresponding with oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma, and with the 3 main subgroups of renal cell carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography in differentiating between oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma were assessed through ROC analysis. RESULTS The median μOCT of oncocytoma (3.38 mm(-1)) was significantly lower (p=0.043) than the median μOCT of renal cell carcinoma (4.37 mm(-1)). ROC analysis showed a μOCT cutoff value of greater than 3.8 mm(-1) to yield a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 86%, 75%, 97% and 37%, respectively, to differentiate between oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma. The area under the ROC curve was 0.81. Median μOCT was significantly lower for oncocytoma vs clear cell renal cell carcinoma (3.38 vs 4.36 mm(-1), p=0.049) and for oncocytoma vs papillary renal cell carcinoma (3.38 vs 4.79 mm(-1), p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the μOCT is significantly higher in renal cell carcinoma vs oncocytoma, with ROC analysis showing promising results for their differentiation. This demonstrates the potential of percutaneous needle based optical coherence tomography to help in the differentiation of renal masses, thus warranting ongoing research.
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Abstract
This article illustrates the imaging characteristics of cystic and solid renal masses, along with a summary of identified imaging criteria that may be of use to differentiate masses that are more likely to be benign from those that are more likely to be malignant. In addition, important features of known or suspected renal cancers that should be identified before treatment are summarized, including staging of renal cancer and RENAL nephrometry. Finally, the imaging appearance of patients following treatment of renal cancer, including after partial or total nephrectomy, thermal ablation, or chemotherapy for metastatic disease, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Cohan
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Room B1-D502, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA.
| | - James H Ellis
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Room B1-D502, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA
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Low-dose gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI of the kidney for the differential diagnosis of localized renal lesions. Radiol Med 2015; 120:1100-11. [PMID: 26088468 PMCID: PMC4646924 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-015-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate low-dose gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI for the differential diagnosis of malignant renal tumors. Methods Sixty-two consecutive patients with unclear diagnosis at MDCT/ultrasound underwent dynamic CE-MRI of the kidneys with 0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine. Retrospective image evaluation was performed by two blinded readers. Lesion diagnosis at CE-MRI was correlated with findings from histology following tumor resection or from imaging follow-up after at least 1 year. Assessments were performed of diagnostic quality and level of diagnostic information. Results Thirty-nine (63 %) patients were correctly diagnosed with malignant lesions (36 with RCC, 2 with renal metastases, 1 with lymphoma) while 14 (22.6 %) patients were correctly diagnosed with benign (n = 12) or no (n = 2) lesions. Eight patients were considered false positive (5 with oncocytoma, 3 with atypical AML) and 1 patient false negative (atypical RCC). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of malignant renal lesions were 97.5 % (39/40), 63.6 % (14/22), 85.5 % (53/62), 83.0 % (39/47), and 93.3 % (14/15), respectively. Images were excellent in 60 and good in 2 patients. Minimal artifacts that did not compromise diagnosis were noted in 4/62 patients. Conclusion Low-dose gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI is effective for the differential diagnosis of malignant renal tumors.
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Approach to Very Small (< 1.5 cm) Cystic Renal Lesions: Ignore, Observe, or Treat? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 204:1182-9. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Onur MR, Poyraz AK, Bozgeyik Z, Onur AR, Orhan I. Utility of semiquantitative strain elastography for differentiation between benign and malignant solid renal masses. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2015; 34:639-647. [PMID: 25792579 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.4.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the role of semiquantitative strain elastography for differentiation of benign and malignant solid renal masses. METHODS Seventy-one patients with solid renal masses were prospectively examined with ultrasound elastography after grayscale sonography. Strain elastography was used to compare the stiffness of the renal masses and renal parenchyma. The ratio of strain in a renal mass and nearby renal parenchyma was defined as the strain index value. Mean strain index values for benign masses (n = 29; 24 angiomyolipomas and 5 oncocytomas) and malignant masses (n = 42; 34 renal cell carcinomas, 4 transitional cell carcinomas, 3 metastases, and 1 lymphoma) and mean strain index values for angiomyolipomas and renal cell carcinomas were compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the mean age of the patients, mean diameter of the masses, and mean probe-mass distance between benign and malignant groups. The mean strain index value ± SD for malignant masses (4.05 ± 2.17) was significantly higher than the value for benign masses (1.43 ± 0.94; P < .05). The mean strain index value for renal cell carcinomas (4.30 ± 2.27) was significantly higher than the value for angiomyolipomas (1.28 ± 1.01; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Strain elastography may be a useful imaging technique for differentiation between benign and malignant solid renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ruhi Onur
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Kursad Poyraz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Zulkif Bozgeyik
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Rahmi Onur
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Irfan Orhan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
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