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Liu L, Kryvokhyzha D, Rippe C, Jacob A, Borreguero-Muñoz A, Stenkula KG, Hansson O, Smith CWJ, Fisher SA, Swärd K. Myocardin regulates exon usage in smooth muscle cells through induction of splicing regulatory factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:459. [PMID: 35913515 PMCID: PMC9343278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDifferentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) depends on serum response factor (SRF) and its co-activator myocardin (MYOCD). The role of MYOCD for the SMC program of gene transcription is well established. In contrast, the role of MYOCD in control of SMC-specific alternative exon usage, including exon splicing, has not been explored. In the current work we identified four splicing factors (MBNL1, RBPMS, RBPMS2, and RBFOX2) that correlate with MYOCD across human SMC tissues. Forced expression of MYOCD family members in human coronary artery SMCs in vitro upregulated expression of these splicing factors. For global profiling of transcript diversity, we performed RNA-sequencing after MYOCD transduction. We analyzed alternative transcripts with three different methods. Exon-based analysis identified 1637 features with differential exon usage. For example, usage of 3´ exons in MYLK that encode telokin increased relative to 5´ exons, as did the 17 kDa telokin to 130 kDa MYLK protein ratio. Dedicated event-based analysis identified 239 MYOCD-driven splicing events. Events involving MBNL1, MCAM, and ACTN1 were among the most prominent, and this was confirmed using variant-specific PCR analyses. In support of a role for RBPMS and RBFOX2 in MYOCD-driven splicing we found enrichment of their binding motifs around differentially spliced exons. Moreover, knockdown of either RBPMS or RBFOX2 antagonized splicing events stimulated by MYOCD, including those involving ACTN1, VCL, and MBNL1. Supporting an in vivo role of MYOCD-SRF-driven splicing, we demonstrate altered Rbpms expression and splicing in inducible and SMC-specific Srf knockout mice. We conclude that MYOCD-SRF, in part via RBPMS and RBFOX2, induce a program of differential exon usage and alternative splicing as part of the broader program of SMC differentiation.
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2
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Liu L, Rippe C, Hansson O, Kryvokhyzha D, Fisher S, Ekman M, Swärd K. Regulation of the Muscarinic M 3 Receptor by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710968. [PMID: 34539433 PMCID: PMC8446542 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/MYOCD, MRTF-A/MRTFA, and MRTF-B/MRTFB) are co-factors of serum response factor (SRF) that activate the smooth muscle cell (SMC) gene program and that play roles in cardiovascular development and mechanobiology. Gain and loss of function experiments have defined the SMC gene program under control of MRTFs, yet full understanding of their impact is lacking. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscarinic M3 receptor (CHRM3) is regulated by MRTFs together with SRF. Forced expression of MYOCD (8d) in human coronary artery (SMC) followed by RNA-sequencing showed increased levels of M2, M3, and M5 receptors (CHRM2: 2-fold, CHRM3: 16-fold, and CHRM5: 2-fold). The effect of MYOCD on M3 was confirmed by RT-qPCR using both coronary artery and urinary bladder SMCs, and correlation analyses using human transcriptomic datasets suggested that M3 may also be regulated by MRTF-B. Head-to-head comparisons of MYOCD, MRTF-A and MRTF-B, argued that while all MRTFs are effective, MRTF-B is the most powerful transactivator of CHRM3, causing a 600-fold increase at 120h. Accordingly, MRTF-B conferred responsiveness to the muscarinic agonist carbachol in Ca2+ imaging experiments. M3 was suppressed on treatment with the MRTF-SRF inhibitor CCG-1423 using SMCs transduced with either MRTF-A or MRTF-B and using intact mouse esophagus in culture (by 92±2%). Moreover, silencing of SRF with a short hairpin reduced CHRM3 (by >60%) in parallel with α-actin (ACTA2). Tamoxifen inducible knockout of Srf in smooth muscle reduced Srf (by 54±4%) and Chrm3 (by 41±6%) in the urinary bladder at 10days, but Srf was much less reduced or unchanged in aorta, ileum, colon, trachea, and esophagus. Longer induction (21d) further accentuated the reduction of Chrm3 in the bladder and ileum, but no change was seen in the aorta. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that Mrtfb dominates in ECs, while Myocd dominates in SMCs, raising the possibility that Chrm3 may be driven by Mrtfb-Srf in the endothelium and by Myocd-Srf in SMCs. These findings define a novel transcriptional control mechanism for muscarinic M3 receptors in human cells, and in mice, that could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmytro Kryvokhyzha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Steven Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Rippe C, Morén B, Liu L, Stenkula KG, Mustaniemi J, Wennström M, Swärd K. NG2/CSPG4, CD146/MCAM and VAP1/AOC3 are regulated by myocardin-related transcription factors in smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5955. [PMID: 33727640 PMCID: PMC7966398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work addressed the hypothesis that NG2/CSPG4, CD146/MCAM, and VAP1/AOC3 are target genes of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/MYOCD, MRTF-A/MKL1, MRTF-B/MKL2) and serum response factor (SRF). Using a bioinformatics approach, we found that CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 correlate with MYOCD, MRTF-A/MKL1, and SRF across human tissues. No other transcription factor correlated as strongly with these transcripts as SRF. Overexpression of MRTFs increased both mRNA and protein levels of CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 in cultured human smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Imaging confirmed increased staining for CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 in MRTF-A/MKL1-transduced cells. MRTFs exert their effects through SRF, and the MCAM and AOC3 gene loci contained binding sites for SRF. SRF silencing reduced the transcript levels of these genes, and time-courses of induction paralleled the direct target ACTA2. MRTF-A/MKL1 increased the activity of promoter reporters for MCAM and AOC3, and transcriptional activation further depended on the chromatin remodeling enzyme KDM3A. CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 responded to the MRTF-SRF inhibitor CCG-1423, to actin dynamics, and to ternary complex factors. Coincidental detection of these proteins should reflect MRTF-SRF activity, and beyond SMCs, we observed co-expression of CD146/MCAM, NG2/CSPG4, and VAP1/AOC3 in pericytes and endothelial cells in the human brain. This work identifies highly responsive vascular target genes of MRTF-SRF signaling that are regulated via a mechanism involving KDM3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Mustaniemi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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Tan PPS, Hall D, Chilian WM, Chia YC, Mohd Zain S, Lim HM, Kumar DN, Ching SM, Low TY, Md Noh MF, Pung YF. Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1486-H1497. [PMID: 33577433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00888.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that are involved in posttranscriptional modifications. These noncoding RNAs are usually ferried by extracellular carriers such as exosomes or other protein and lipid carriers inside a range of body fluids including plasma and urine. Due to their ability to withstand harsh external conditions, exosomal miRNAs possess enormous potential as noninvasive disease biomarkers for, notably hypertension, whereby exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in its pathophysiological processes. More importantly, alterations in the microenvironment as a result of disease progression can induce active and selective loading of miRNAs into exosomes. In this paper, we first review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes, followed by the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of hypertension, and the potentials of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in comparison with other free circulating miRNAs. Finally, challenges and future research surrounding exosomal miRNAs will also be discussed. This review will aid in the understanding of noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hypertension and for probing therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pei Suu Tan
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Deborah Hall
- University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devaraj Navin Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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Wang L, Rice M, Swist S, Kubin T, Wu F, Wang S, Kraut S, Weissmann N, Böttger T, Wheeler M, Schneider A, Braun T. BMP9 and BMP10 Act Directly on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells for Generation and Maintenance of the Contractile State. Circulation 2020; 143:1394-1410. [PMID: 33334130 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) show a remarkable phenotypic plasticity, allowing acquisition of contractile or synthetic states, but critical information is missing about the physiologic signals, promoting formation, and maintenance of contractile VSMCs in vivo. BMP9 and BMP10 (bone morphogenetic protein) are known to regulate endothelial quiescence after secretion from the liver and right atrium, whereas a direct role in the regulation of VSMCs was not investigated. We studied the role of BMP9 and BMP10 for controlling formation of contractile VSMCs. METHODS We generated several cell type-specific loss- and gain-of-function transgenic mouse models to investigate the physiologic role of BMP9, BMP10, ALK1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1), and SMAD7 in vivo. Morphometric assessments, expression analysis, blood pressure measurements, and single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed together with analysis of isolated pulmonary VSMCs to unravel phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in response to absence or presence of BMP9 and BMP10. RESULTS Concomitant genetic inactivation of Bmp9 in the germ line and Bmp10 in the right atrium led to dramatic changes in vascular tone and diminution of the VSMC layer with attenuated contractility and decreased systemic as well as right ventricular systolic pressure. On the contrary, overexpression of Bmp10 in endothelial cells of adult mice dramatically enhanced formation of contractile VSMCs and increased systemic blood pressure as well as right ventricular systolic pressure. Likewise, BMP9/10 treatment induced an ALK1-dependent phenotypic switch from synthetic to contractile in pulmonary VSMCs. Smooth muscle cell-specific overexpression of Smad7 completely suppressed differentiation and proliferation of VSMCs and reiterated defects observed in adult Bmp9/10 double mutants. Deletion of Alk1 in VSMCs recapitulated the Bmp9/10 phenotype in pulmonary but not in aortic and coronary arteries. Bulk expression analysis and single molecule RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization uncovered vessel bed-specific, heterogeneous expression of BMP type 1 receptors, explaining phenotypic differences in different Alk1 mutant vessel beds. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that BMP9 and BMP10 act directly on VSMCs for induction and maintenance of their contractile state. The effects of BMP9/10 in VSMCs are mediated by different combinations of BMP type 1 receptors in a vessel bed-specific manner, offering new opportunities to manipulate blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.)
| | - Megan Rice
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.)
| | - Sandra Swist
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.)
| | | | - Fan Wu
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.)
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Cardiac Surgery (S.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Simone Kraut
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (S.K., N.W.)
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (S.K., N.W.).,German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Partner site Giessen, Germany (N.W.)
| | - Thomas Böttger
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.)
| | - Matthew Wheeler
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.)
| | - Andre Schneider
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- Departments of Cardiac Development and Remodeling (L.W., M.R., S.S., F.W., T.B., M.W., A.S., T.B.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (T.B.)
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6
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Lan S, Albinsson S. Regulation of IRS-1, insulin signaling and glucose uptake by miR-143/145 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:119-125. [PMID: 32560812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of insulin signaling by microRNAs in smooth muscle cells may contribute to diabetic vascular disease. The two smooth muscle enriched miRNAs miR-143 and miR-145 have been reported to target mediators of insulin signaling in non-smooth muscle cells. In this study, we aimed to determine the importance of this regulation in vascular smooth muscle cells, where expression of miR-143/145 is much higher than in other cell types. Smooth muscle cells deficient of the miR-143/145 cluster were used, as well as smooth muscle cells transfected with mimics/inhibitors for either miR-143 or miR-145. We found that deletion of miR-143/145 in smooth muscle results in a dramatic upregulation IRS-1 expression and insulin signaling, and an increased insulin-induced glucose uptake. Furthermore, specific modulation of either miR-145 or miR-143 expression regulated specific targets (IRS-1, ORP8 and the IGF-1 receptor) in the insulin signaling pathway. Consequently, transient inhibition or overexpression of either miR-143 or miR-145 was sufficient to regulate insulin signaling in smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, the results of this study support an important role for both miR-143 and miR-145 in the regulation of insulin signaling and glucose uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Transport, Active
- Cells, Cultured
- Glucose/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lan
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Shen X, Zhao Z, Yang B. MicroRNA-155 promotes apoptosis of colonic smooth muscle cells and aggravates colonic dysmotility by targeting IGF-1. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2725-2732. [PMID: 32256755 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic dysmotility as a complication of diabetes affects public health; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was previously demonstrated to prevent apoptosis of colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and alleviate colonic dysmotility in diabetic rats. However, the regulatory mechanisms upstream of IGF-1 in colonic dysmotility have remained to be determined. The present study reports on microRNA-155 (miR-155), initially identified using bioinformatics, as a direct upstream regulator of IGF-1. In colonic SMCs, miR-155 negatively regulated IGF-1 expression at the post-transcriptional level, as identified through ectopic overexpression and knockdown experiments. A luciferase reporter assay further demonstrated that miR-155 inhibits IGF-1 through binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-155 led to increased apoptosis of colonic SMCs and a decrease in the thickness of colonic smooth muscle tissues of diabetic mice, indicating miR-155 aggravates colonic dysmotility. By contrast, knockdown of miR-155 induced the opposite effect. Overall, the results of the present study suggest a role of miR-155 in colonic dysmotility, thereby providing a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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8
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Sampath C, Kalpana R, Ansah T, Charlton C, Hale A, Channon KM, Srinivasan S, Gangula PR. Impairment of Nrf2- and Nitrergic-Mediated Gastrointestinal Motility in an MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:3502-3517. [PMID: 31187328 PMCID: PMC6858486 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) motility dysfunction is the most common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have indicated that GI motility functions are impaired before the onset of PD. AIMS To investigate the underlying mechanism of PD-induced GI dysmotility in MPTP (1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced animal model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were administered with or without a selective dopamine neurotoxin, MPTP, to induce parkinsonian symptoms. In addition to in vivo studies, in vitro experiments were also conducted in colon specimens using l-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a metabolic product of MPTP. Gastric emptying, colon motility, nitrergic relaxation, and western blot experiments were performed as reported. RESULTS MPTP-induced PD mice showed decreased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and its target phase II genes in gastric and colon neuromuscular tissues. Decreased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, a critical cofactor for nNOS dimerization) associated with uncoupling of nNOS in gastric and colon tissues exposed to MPTP. Impaired enteric nitrergic system led to delayed gastric emptying and slower colonic motility compared to the control mice. In vitro results in colon specimens confirm that activation of Nrf2 restored MPP+-induced suppression of alpha-synuclein, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1. In vitro exposure to L-NAME [N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester], a NOS synthase inhibitor, reduced protein expression of TH in colon tissue homogenates. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Nrf2/BH4/nNOS expression in PD impairs antioxidant gene expression, which deregulates NO synthesis, thereby contributing to the development of GI dysmotility and constipation. Nitric oxide appears to be important to maintain dopamine synthesis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sampath
- Department of ODS and Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - R Kalpana
- Department of ODS and Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - T Ansah
- Department of Cancer Biology Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Charlton
- Department of Cancer Biology Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Hale
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K M Channon
- Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P R Gangula
- Department of ODS and Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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9
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Christensen ST, Johansson SE, Warfvinge K, Braun T, Boettger T, Edvinsson L, Haanes KA. Exploration of Physiological and Pathophysiological Implications of miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 in Cerebral Arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:409-419. [PMID: 31425342 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke with a high short-term mortality rate which leads to cognitive impairments that reduce the quality of life of the majority of patients. The miRNA-143/145 cluster is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and has been shown to be necessary for differentiation and function, as well as an important determinant for phenotypic modulation/switching of VSMCs in response to vascular injury. We aimed to determine whether miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 are important regulators of phenotypical changes of VSMCs in relation to SAH, as well as establishing their physiological role in the cerebral vasculature. We applied quantitative PCR to study ischemia-induced alterations in the expression of miRNA-143 and miRNA-145, for rat cerebral vasculature, in an ex vivo organ culture model and an in vivo SAH model. To determine the physiological importance, we did myograph studies on basilar and femoral arteries from miRNA-143/145 knockout mice. miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 are not upregulated in the vasculature following our SAH model, despite the upregulation of miR-145 in the organ culture model. Regarding physiological function, miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 are very important for general contractility in cerebral vessels in response to depolarization, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1. Applying an anti-miRNA targeting approach in SAH does not seem to be a feasible approach because miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 are not upregulated following SAH. The knockout mouse data suggest that targeting miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 would lead to a general reduced contractility of the cerebral vasculature and unwanted dedifferentiation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Topp Christensen
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sara Ellinor Johansson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Department Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Agmund Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
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10
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Chiba Y, Suto W, Sakai H. Augmented Pla2g4c/Ptgs2/Hpgds axis in bronchial smooth muscle tissues of experimental asthma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202623. [PMID: 30161143 PMCID: PMC6116991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Augmented smooth muscle contractility of the airways is one of the causes of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics. However, the mechanism of the altered properties of airway smooth muscle cells is not well understood. Objectives To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) hyper-contractility in a murine asthma model. Methods The ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized mice were repeatedly challenged with aerosolized OA to induce asthmatic reaction. Transcriptomic profiles were generated by microarray analysis of BSM tissues from the OA-challenged and control animals, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Pathway Analysis was applied. Measurements and main results Tension study showed a BSM hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) in the OA-challenged mice. A total of 770 genes were differentially expressed between the OA-challenged and control animals. Pathway analysis showed a significant change in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathway in BSM tissues of the OA-challenged mice. Validation of DEGs by quantitative RT-PCR showed a significant increase in PLA2 group 4c (Pla2g4c)/COX-2 (Ptgs2)/PGD2 synthase 2 (Hpgds) axis. PGD2 level in bronchoalveolar fluids of the OA-challenged mice was significantly increased. A 24-h incubation of BSM tissues with PGD2 caused a hyperresponsiveness to ACh in naive control mice. Conclusions AA metabolism is shifted towards PGD2 production in BSM tissues of asthma. Increased PGD2 level in the airways might be a cause of the BSM hyperresponsiveness in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Wataru Suto
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Ultimo S, Zauli G, Martelli AM, Vitale M, McCubrey JA, Capitani S, Neri LM. Cardiovascular disease-related miRNAs expression: potential role as biomarkers and effects of training exercise. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17238-17254. [PMID: 29682219 PMCID: PMC5908320 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide, therefore the need of effective preventive strategies is imperative. Aging is associated with significant changes in both cardiovascular structure and function that lower the threshold for clinical signs and symptoms, making older people more susceptible to CVDs morbidity and mortality. microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level and increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs are involved in cardiovascular physiology and in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Physical activity is recommended by the medical community and the cardiovascular benefits of exercise are multifactorial and include important systemic effects on skeletal muscle, the peripheral vasculature, metabolism, and neuroendocrine systems, as well as beneficial modifications within the myocardium itself. In this review we describe the role of miRNAs and their dysregulation in several types of CVDs. We provide an overview of miRNAs in CVDs and of the effects of physical activity on miRNA regulation involved in both cardiovascular pathologies and age-related cardiovascular changes and diseases. Circulating miRNAs in response to acute and chronic sport exercise appear to be modulated following training exercise, and may furthermore serve as potential biomarkers for CVDs and different age-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ultimo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Lin CM, Wang BW, Pan CM, Fang WJ, Chua SK, Hou SW, Chang H, Shyu KG. Effects of flavonoids on MicroRNA 145 regulation through Klf4 and myocardin in neointimal formation in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 52:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Holmberg J, Bhattachariya A, Alajbegovic A, Rippe C, Ekman M, Dahan D, Hien TT, Boettger T, Braun T, Swärd K, Hellstrand P, Albinsson S. Loss of Vascular Myogenic Tone in miR-143/145 Knockout Mice Is Associated With Hypertension-Induced Vascular Lesions in Small Mesenteric Arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:414-424. [PMID: 29217510 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pressure-induced myogenic tone is involved in autoregulation of local blood flow and confers protection against excessive pressure levels in small arteries and capillaries. Myogenic tone is dependent on smooth muscle microRNAs (miRNAs), but the identity of these miRNAs is unclear. Furthermore, the consequences of altered myogenic tone for hypertension-induced damage to small arteries are not well understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS The importance of smooth muscle-enriched microRNAs, miR-143/145, for myogenic tone was evaluated in miR-143/145 knockout mice. Furthermore, hypertension-induced vascular injury was evaluated in mesenteric arteries in vivo after angiotensin II infusion. Myogenic tone was abolished in miR-143/145 knockout mesenteric arteries, whereas contraction in response to calyculin A and potassium chloride was reduced by ≈30%. Furthermore, myogenic responsiveness was potentiated by angiotensin II in wild-type but not in knockout mice. Angiotensin II administration in vivo elevated systemic blood pressure in both genotypes. Hypertensive knockout mice developed severe vascular lesions characterized by vascular inflammation, adventitial fibrosis, and neointimal hyperplasia in small mesenteric arteries. This was associated with depolymerization of actin filaments and fragmentation of the elastic laminae at the sites of vascular lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that miR-143/145 expression is essential for myogenic responsiveness. During hypertension, loss of myogenic tone results in potentially damaging levels of mechanical stress and detrimental effects on small arteries. The results presented herein provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of vascular disease and emphasize the importance of controlling mechanical factors to maintain structural integrity of the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Holmberg
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Anirban Bhattachariya
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Azra Alajbegovic
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Catarina Rippe
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Mari Ekman
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Diana Dahan
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Tran Thi Hien
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Thomas Boettger
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Thomas Braun
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Karl Swärd
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Per Hellstrand
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun).
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Dahan D, Hien TT, Tannenberg P, Ekman M, Rippe C, Boettger T, Braun T, Tran-Lundmark K, Tran PK, Swärd K, Albinsson S. MicroRNA-Dependent Control of Serotonin-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Contraction. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:246-256. [PMID: 28796998 DOI: 10.1159/000478013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-HT) is considered to play a role in pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating vascular remodeling and smooth muscle contractility. Here, arteries from mice with inducible and smooth muscle-specific deletion of Dicer were used to address mechanisms by which microRNAs control 5-HT-induced contraction. METHODS Mice were used 5 weeks after Dicer deletion, and pulmonary artery contractility was analyzed by wire myography. RESULTS No change was seen in right ventricular systolic pressure following dicer deletion, but systemic blood pressure was reduced. Enhanced 5-HT-induced contraction in Dicer KO pulmonary arteries was associated with increased 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression whereas 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptor mRNAs were unchanged. Contraction by the 5-HT2A agonist TCB-2 was increased in Dicer KO as was the response to the 5-HT2B agonist BW723C86. Effects of Src and protein kinase C inhibition were similar in control and KO arteries, but the effect of inhibition of Rho kinase was reduced. We identified miR-30c as a potential candidate for 5-HT2A receptor regulation as it repressed 5-HT2A mRNA and protein. CONCLUSION Our findings show that 5-HT receptor signaling in the arterial wall is subject to regulation by microRNAs and that this entails altered 5-HT2A receptor expression and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dahan
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lacedonia D, Palladino GP, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Scioscia G, Carpagnano GE. Expression profiling of miRNA-145 and miRNA-338 in serum and sputum of patients with COPD, asthma, and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome phenotype. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1811-1817. [PMID: 28694694 PMCID: PMC5491577 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s130616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives A new phenotype with overlapping characteristics between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) called asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) is emerging among inflammation diseases. To date, there is no agreement on specific criteria to define this syndrome, and the current guidelines are insufficient to classify the analogy and differences between overlap and COPD or asthma phenotypes. It would be necessary to identify new biomarkers able to identify these diseases clearly. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify a serum and supernatant of sputum microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of miRNA-145 and miRNA-338 in patients with asthma (n=13), COPD (n=31), and ACOS (n=8) and controls (n=7). Methods The expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). For statistical analysis, the ANOVA test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Spearman’s rank correlation were used. Results The main finding of this work is that the expression of miRNA-338 is higher in the supernatant of different obstructive diseases than in peripheral blood, while miRNA-145 is higher only in the supernatant of asthma patients. The expression of both selected miRNAs is higher in the supernatant of asthma and COPD patients than in controls. Conclusion Differences in sputum miRNA expression profile were observed between patients with ACOS and asthma or COPD, which underline the potential role of miRNA as a biomarker that is able to discriminate patients with ACOS, asthma, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Pia Palladino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino-Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Paul P, Chakraborty A, Sarkar D, Langthasa M, Rahman M, Bari M, Singha RS, Malakar AK, Chakraborty S. Interplay between miRNAs and human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2007-2018. [PMID: 28181241 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which have evoked a great deal of interest due to their importance in many aspects of homeostasis and diseases. MicroRNAs are stable and are essential components of gene regulatory networks. They play a crucial role in healthy individuals and their dysregulations have also been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer. This review summarized the current understanding of interactions between miRNAs and different diseases and their role in disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Debasree Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Musfhia Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Minakshi Bari
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Serum microRNAs are non-invasive biomarkers for the presence and progression of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160480. [PMID: 28115593 PMCID: PMC5322746 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are important regulators of translation and have been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases including stroke and may be possible prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression levels of miRNAs in the sera of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients and to evaluate their relationships with the severity and clinical outcome of SAH. Serum samples on day 3 after the onset of SAH were subjected to microarray analysis with Exqion miRCURYTM LNA array and quantitative PCR analysis. Serum samples from SAH patients (n=60) and healthy controls (n=10) were subjected to quantitative PCR analysis. The severities and clinical outcomes of the SAH patients were evaluated with the WFNS grade and the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Three miRNAs, miR-502-5p, miR-1297 and miR-4320 were significantly up-regulated in the sera of SAH patients when compared with the healthy controls. The serum miR-502-5p and miR-1297 levels were significantly higher in the patients with severe SAH and a poor outcome than in those with mild SAH and a good outcome (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) of miR-502-5p, miR-1297 and miR-4320 to distinguish the SAH patients from the healthy controls were 0.958 (P<0.001), 0.950 (P<0.001) and 0.843 (P<0.001) respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that miR-502-5p and miR-1297 are potentially valuable indicators of the diagnosis, severity and prognosis of SAH, and miR-4320 was a potentially valuable indicator of the diagnosis of SAH.
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Alajbegovic A, Turczyńska KM, Hien TT, Cidad P, Swärd K, Hellstrand P, Della Corte A, Forte A, Albinsson S. Regulation of microRNA expression in vascular smooth muscle by MRTF-A and actin polymerization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:1088-1098. [PMID: 27939432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells play an important role in a number of cardiovascular disease states. The state of actin does not only mediate mechanical stability and contractile function but can also regulate gene expression via myocardin related transcription factors (MRTFs). These transcriptional co-activators regulate genes encoding contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in smooth muscle. Regulation of small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) by actin polymerization may mediate some of these effects. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression by post-transcriptional regulation of target messenger RNA. In this study we aimed to determine a profile of miRNAs that were 1) regulated by actin/MRTF-A, 2) associated with the contractile smooth muscle phenotype and 3) enriched in muscle cells. This analysis was performed using cardiovascular disease-focused miRNA arrays in both mouse and human cells. The potential clinical importance of actin polymerization in aortic aneurysm was evaluated using biopsies from mildly dilated human thoracic aorta in patients with stenotic tricuspid or bicuspid aortic valve. By integrating information from multiple qPCR based miRNA arrays we identified a group of five miRNAs (miR-1, miR-22, miR-143, miR-145 and miR-378a) that were sensitive to actin polymerization and MRTF-A overexpression in both mouse and human vascular smooth muscle. With the exception of miR-22, these miRNAs were also relatively enriched in striated and/or smooth muscle containing tissues. Actin polymerization was found to be dramatically reduced in the aorta from patients with mild aortic dilations. This was associated with a decrease in actin/MRTF-regulated miRNAs. In conclusion, the transcriptional co-activator MRTF-A and actin polymerization regulated a subset of miRNAs in vascular smooth muscle. Identification of novel miRNAs regulated by actin/MRTF-A may provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying vascular disease states, such as aortic aneurysm, as well as novel ideas regarding therapeutic strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Alajbegovic
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Tran Thi Hien
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología and Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Hellstrand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Amalia Forte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Surges R, Kretschmann A, Abnaof K, van Rikxoort M, Ridder K, Fröhlich H, Danis B, Kaminski RM, Foerch P, Elger CE, Weinsberg F, Pfeifer A. Changes in serum miRNAs following generalized convulsive seizures in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:13-18. [PMID: 27833019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and are involved in the pathomechanisms of epilepsy. MiRNAs may also serve as peripheral biomarkers of epilepsy. We investigated the miRNA profile in the blood serum of patients suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) following a single focal seizure evolving to a bilateral convulsive seizure (BCS) during video-EEG monitoring. Data of 15 patients were included in the final analysis. MiRNA expression was determined using Real Time-PCR followed by thorough bioinformatical analysis of expression levels. We found that more than 200 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the serum of patients within 30 min after a single seizure. Validation of the 20 top miRNA candidates confirmed that 4 miRNAs (miR-143, miR-145, miR-532, miR-365a) were significantly deregulated. Interestingly, in a sub-group of patients with seizures occurring during sleep, we found 10 miRNAs to be deregulated up to 20-28 h after the seizure. In this group of patients, miR-663b was significantly deregulated. We conclude that single seizures are associated with detectable transient miRNA alterations in blood serum in the early postictal phase. The significant upregulation of miR-663b following BCS arising during sleep indicates potential suitability of this miRNA as a potential biomarker for seizure diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anita Kretschmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Khalid Abnaof
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), Algorithmic Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Dahlmannstr. 2, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marijke van Rikxoort
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Ridder
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), Algorithmic Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Dahlmannstr. 2, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Danis
- UCB Pharma GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Rafal M Kaminski
- UCB Pharma GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Patrik Foerch
- UCB Pharma GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Christian E Elger
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Weinsberg
- UCB Pharma GmbH, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Nicholson CJ, Seta F, Lee S, Morgan KG. MicroRNA-203 mimics age-related aortic smooth muscle dysfunction of cytoskeletal pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:81-95. [PMID: 27502584 PMCID: PMC5192880 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased aortic stiffness is a biomarker for subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. We have previously reported that vascular smooth muscle Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling, which contributes to aortic plasticity, is impaired with ageing. Here, we use a multi-scale approach to determine the molecular mechanisms behind defective Src-dependent signalling in an aged C57BL/6 male mouse model. Increased aortic stiffness, as measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity, was found to have a comparable time course to that in humans. Bioinformatic analyses predicted several miRs to regulate Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling. qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative levels of predicted miRs in aortas and, notably, the expression of miR-203 increased almost twofold in aged aorta. Increased miR-203 expression was associated with a decrease in both mRNA and protein expression of Src, caveolin-1 and paxillin in aged aorta. Probing with phospho-specific antibodies confirmed that overexpression of miR-203 significantly attenuated Src and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, which we have previously found to regulate vascular smooth muscle stiffness. In addition, transfection of miR-203 into aortic tissue from young mice increased phenylephrine-induced aortic stiffness ex vivo, mimicking the aged phenotype. Upstream of miR-203, we found that DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, 3a, and 3b are also significantly decreased in the aged mouse aorta and that DNMT inhibition significantly increases miR-203 expression. Thus, the age-induced increase in miR-203 may be caused by epigenetic promoter hypomethylation in the aorta. These findings indicate that miR-203 promotes a re-programming of Src/ERK signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle, impairing the regulation of stiffness in aged aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Seta
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Krishna CV, Singh J, Thangavel C, Rattan S. Role of microRNAs in gastrointestinal smooth muscle fibrosis and dysfunction: novel molecular perspectives on the pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G449-59. [PMID: 26822916 PMCID: PMC4824177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00445.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a group of short noncoding RNA molecules with important roles in cellular biology. miRNAs regulate gene expression by repressing translation or degrading the target mRNA. Recently, a growing body of evidence suggests that miRNAs are implicated in many diseases and could be potential biomarkers. Fibrosis and/smooth muscle (SM) dysfunction contributes to the morbidity and mortality associated with several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Currently available therapeutic modalities are unsuccessful in efficiently blocking or reversing fibrosis and/or SM dysfunction. Recent understanding of the role of miRNAs in signaling pathway of fibrogenesis and SM phenotype switch has provided a new insight into translational research. However, much is still unknown about the molecular targets and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in the GIT. This review discusses miRNA biology, pathophysiology of fibrosis, and aging- associated SM dysfunction in relation to the deregulation of miRNAs in the GIT. We also highlight the role of selected miRNAs associated with fibrosis and SM dysfunction-related diseases of the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center (TC), Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satish Rattan
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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22
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Brozovich FV, Nicholson CJ, Degen CV, Gao YZ, Aggarwal M, Morgan KG. Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:476-532. [PMID: 27037223 PMCID: PMC4819215 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Brozovich
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C V Degen
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - M Aggarwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - K G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
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23
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Hien TT, Turczyńska KM, Dahan D, Ekman M, Grossi M, Sjögren J, Nilsson J, Braun T, Boettger T, Garcia-Vaz E, Stenkula K, Swärd K, Gomez MF, Albinsson S. Elevated Glucose Levels Promote Contractile and Cytoskeletal Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle via Rho/Protein Kinase C and Actin Polymerization. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:3552-68. [PMID: 26683376 PMCID: PMC4751395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is in part attributed to the effects of hyperglycemia on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In diabetic animal models, hyperglycemia results in hypercontractility of vascular smooth muscle possibly due to increased activation of Rho-kinase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of contractile smooth muscle markers by glucose and to determine the signaling pathways that are activated by hyperglycemia in smooth muscle cells. Microarray, quantitative PCR, and Western blot analyses revealed that both mRNA and protein expression of contractile smooth muscle markers were increased in isolated smooth muscle cells cultured under high compared with low glucose conditions. This effect was also observed in hyperglycemic Akita mice and in diabetic patients. Elevated glucose activated the protein kinase C and Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathways and stimulated actin polymerization. Glucose-induced expression of contractile smooth muscle markers in cultured cells could be partially or completely repressed by inhibitors of advanced glycation end products, L-type calcium channels, protein kinase C, Rho-kinase, actin polymerization, and myocardin-related transcription factors. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the miR-143/145 cluster prevented the effects of glucose on smooth muscle marker expression. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a possible link between hyperglycemia and vascular disease states associated with smooth muscle contractility.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actin Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Aged
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Contractile Proteins/agonists
- Contractile Proteins/genetics
- Contractile Proteins/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/agonists
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetic Angiopathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Protein Kinase C/chemistry
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/agonists
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rho-Associated Kinases/chemistry
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Hien
- From the Departments of Experimental Medical Sciences and
| | | | - Diana Dahan
- From the Departments of Experimental Medical Sciences and
| | - Mari Ekman
- From the Departments of Experimental Medical Sciences and
| | - Mario Grossi
- From the Departments of Experimental Medical Sciences and
| | - Johan Sjögren
- Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Thomas Braun
- the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany, and
| | - Thomas Boettger
- the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany, and
| | - Eliana Garcia-Vaz
- the Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Stenkula
- From the Departments of Experimental Medical Sciences and
| | - Karl Swärd
- From the Departments of Experimental Medical Sciences and
| | - Maria F Gomez
- the Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Ekman M, Albinsson S, Uvelius B, Swärd K. MicroRNAs in Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Relationship to Growth and Matrix Remodelling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:5-17. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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25
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Jin HY, Xiao C. MicroRNA Mechanisms of Action: What have We Learned from Mice? Front Genet 2015; 6:328. [PMID: 26635864 PMCID: PMC4644800 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA ; Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Abstract
The pathological changes of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contribute to airway remodeling during asthma. Here, we investigated the effect of miR-145 on ASM function. We found that miR-145 was aberrantly more highly expressed in ASM cells exposed to cytokine stimulation that mimic the airway conditions of patients with asthma. Repression of miR-145 resulted in decreased ASM cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner and down-regulation of type I collagen and contractile protein MHC in ASM cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that miR-145 negatively regulated the expression of downstream target Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) protein, and overexpression of KLF4 attenuated the effects of miR-145 on ASM cells. Further studies showed that KLF4 significantly up-regulated the expression of p21 and down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9). In conclusion, miR-145 overexpression in ASM cells significantly inhibited KLF4, and subsequently affected downstream p21, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions, eventually leading to enhanced proliferation and migration of ASM cells in vitro.
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27
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Identification of a microRNA signature for the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121903. [PMID: 25803872 PMCID: PMC4372601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized by generalized body pain, hyperalgesia and other functional and emotional comorbidities, is a challenging process hindered by symptom heterogeneity and clinical overlap with other disorders. No objective diagnostic method exists at present. The aim of this study was to identify changes in miRNA expression profiles (miRNome) of these patients for the development of a quantitative diagnostic method of FM. In addition, knowledge of FM patient miRNomes should lead to a deeper understanding of the etiology and/or symptom severity of this complex disease. Methods Genome-wide expression profiling of miRNAs was assessed in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of FM patients (N=11) and population-age-matched controls (N=10) using human v16-miRbase 3D-Gene microarrays (Toray Industries, Japan). Selected miRNAs from the screen were further validated by RT-qPCR. Participating patients were long term sufferers (over 10 years) diagnosed by more than one specialist under 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Results Microarray analysis of FM patient PBMCs evidenced a marked downregulation of hsa-miR223-3p, hsa-miR451a, hsa-miR338-3p, hsa-miR143-3p, hsa-miR145-5p and hsa-miR-21-5p (4-fold or more). All but the mildest inhibited miRNA, hsa-miR-21-5p, were validated by RT-qPCR. Globally, 20% of the miRNAs analyzed (233/1212) showed downregulation of at least 2-fold in patients. This might indicate a general de-regulation of the miRNA synthetic pathway in FM. No significant correlations between miRNA inhibition and FM cardinal symptoms could be identified. However, the patient with the lowest score for mental fatigue coincided with the mildest inhibition in four of the five miRNAs associated with the FM-group. Conclusions We propose a signature of five strikingly downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR223-3p, hsa-miR451a, hsa-miR338-3p, hsa-miR143-3p and hsa-miR145-5p) to be used as biomarkers of FM. Validation in larger study groups is required before the results can be transferred to the clinic.
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28
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Schulte C, Zeller T. microRNA-based diagnostics and therapy in cardiovascular disease-Summing up the facts. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015; 5:17-36. [PMID: 25774345 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2014.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are discussed as potential disease-specific biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. Their diagnostic value has been examined in numerous studies and animal models with respect to coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) and the prognostic abilities of circulating miRNAs in risk stratification of future disease have been evaluated. Various miRNAs are described to complement protein-based biomarkers or classical risk factors in the diagnosis of CAD or MI and even represent potential new biomarkers in the discrimination of unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Signatures consisting of sets of multiple miRNAs seem to improve the predictive power compared to single miRNAs. Furthermore, the emerging field of miRNA-based therapeutics has reached cardiovascular research. The first promising in vitro results are raising hope for future clinical application. However, methods and material used for RNA isolation, miRNA detection and normalization steps still lack ways of standardization and need to be considered carefully. This article reviews the current knowledge of miRNAs in cardiovascular disease focusing on CAD and MI and will provide an overview regarding the use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the field of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulte
- 1 Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ; 2 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- 1 Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ; 2 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Santulli G. microRNAs Distinctively Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells: Functional Implications in Angiogenesis, Atherosclerosis, and In-Stent Restenosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 887:53-77. [PMID: 26662986 PMCID: PMC4871245 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are the main cell types within the vasculature. We describe here how microRNAs (miRs)--noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression via translational repression and/or post-transcriptional degradation--distinctively modulate EC and VSMC function in physiology and disease. In particular, the specific roles of miR-126 and miR-143/145, master regulators of EC and VSMC function, respectively, are deeply explored. We also describe the mechanistic role of miRs in the regulation of the pathophysiology of key cardiovascular processes including angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and in-stent restenosis post-angioplasty. Drawbacks of currently available therapeutic options are discussed, pointing at the challenges and potential clinical opportunities provided by miR-based treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/genetics
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Stents/adverse effects
- Vascular Remodeling
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