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Guo Y, Hu Z, Chen J, Zhang J, Fan Z, Qu Q, Miao Y. Feasibility of adipose-derived therapies for hair regeneration: Insights based on signaling interplay and clinical overview. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:784-794. [PMID: 34883154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is a dynamic component of the skin and closely interacts with the hair follicle. Interestingly, dWAT envelops the hair follicle during anagen and undergoes fluctuations in volume throughout the hair cycle. dWAT-derived extracellular vesicles can significantly regulate the hair cycle, and this provides a theoretical basis for utilizing adipose tissue as a feasible clinical strategy to treat hair loss. However, the amount and depth of the available literature are far from enough to fully elucidate the prominent role of dWAT in modulating the hair growth cycle. This review starts by investigating the hair cycle-coupled dWAT remodeling and the reciprocal signaling interplay underneath. Then, it summarizes the current literature and assesses the advantages and limitations of clinical research utilizing adipose-derived therapies for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Baptista LS, Silva KR, Jobeili L, Guillot L, Sigaudo-Roussel D. Unraveling White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity and Obesity by Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Biology and 3D Culture Models. Cells 2023; 12:1583. [PMID: 37371053 PMCID: PMC10296800 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune and endocrine dysfunctions of white adipose tissue are a hallmark of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In humans, white adipose tissue comprises distinct depots broadly distributed under the skin (hypodermis) and as internal depots (visceral). Depot-specific ASCs could account for visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue properties, by regulating adipogenesis and immunomodulation. More importantly, visceral and subcutaneous depots account for distinct contributions to obesity and its metabolic comorbidities. Recently, distinct ASCs subpopulations were also described in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Interestingly, the superficial layer closer to the dermis shows hyperplastic and angiogenic capacities, whereas the deep layer is considered as having inflammatory properties similar to visceral. The aim of this focus review is to bring the light of recent discoveries into white adipose tissue heterogeneity together with the biology of distinct ASCs subpopulations and to explore adipose tissue 3D models revealing their advantages, disadvantages, and contributions to elucidate the role of ASCs in obesity development. Recent advances in adipose tissue organoids opened an avenue of possibilities to recreate the main cellular and molecular events of obesity leading to a deep understanding of this inflammatory disease besides contributing to drug discovery. Furthermore, 3D organ-on-a-chip will add reproducibility to these adipose tissue models contributing to their translation to the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra S. Baptista
- Numpex-bio, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Prof Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 25240005, Brazil
| | - Karina R. Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550900, Brazil;
- Teaching and Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940070, Brazil
| | - Lara Jobeili
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France; (L.J.); (L.G.); (D.S.-R.)
| | - Lucile Guillot
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France; (L.J.); (L.G.); (D.S.-R.)
- Urgo Research Innovation and Development, 21300 Chenôve, France
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, 69367 Lyon, France; (L.J.); (L.G.); (D.S.-R.)
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3
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Kolb H. Obese visceral fat tissue inflammation: from protective to detrimental? BMC Med 2022; 20:494. [PMID: 36575472 PMCID: PMC9795790 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity usually is accompanied by inflammation of fat tissue, with a prominent role of visceral fat. Chronic inflammation in obese fat tissue is of a lower grade than acute immune activation for clearing the tissue from an infectious agent. It is the loss of adipocyte metabolic homeostasis that causes activation of resident immune cells for supporting tissue functions and regaining homeostasis. Initially, the excess influx of lipids and glucose in the context of overnutrition is met by adipocyte growth and proliferation. Eventual lipid overload of hypertrophic adipocytes leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and the secretion of a variety of signals causing increased sympathetic tone, lipolysis by adipocytes, lipid uptake by macrophages, matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune cell activation. Pro-inflammatory signaling of adipocytes causes the resident immune system to release increased amounts of pro-inflammatory and other mediators resulting in enhanced tissue-protective responses. With chronic overnutrition, these protective actions are insufficient, and death of adipocytes as well as senescence of several tissue cell types is seen. This structural damage causes the expression or release of immunostimulatory cell components resulting in influx and activation of monocytes and many other immune cell types, with a contribution of stromal cells. Matrix remodeling and angiogenesis is further intensified as well as possibly detrimental fibrosis. The accumulation of senescent cells also may be detrimental via eventual spread of senescence state from affected to neighboring cells by the release of microRNA-containing vesicles. Obese visceral fat inflammation can be viewed as an initially protective response in order to cope with excess ambient nutrients and restore tissue homeostasis but may contribute to tissue damage at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Chen B, Shi Z, Wang Y, Chen M, Yang C, Cui H, Su T, Kwan HY. Discovery of a novel anti-obesity meroterpenoid agent targeted subcutaneous adipose tissue. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154396. [PMID: 36057145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meroterpenoid furanasperterpene A (T2-3) with a novel 6/6/6/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton was isolated from the Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1. Previously, we showed that T2-3 possessed significant lipid-lowering effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at 5 μM concentration. However, its therapeutic effect in metabolic disease and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. METHODS High fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model and 3T3-L1 cell model were used to assess the anti-obesity effects of T2-3. Lipids in the adipocytes were examined by Oil Red O staining. β-catenin expression was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, its activity was assessed by TOPflash/FOPflash assay. RESULTS T2-3 possessed potent anti-obesity effects in DIO mice, it significantly reduced body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass. Mechanistic studies showed that T2-3 significantly inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation as indicated by the reduced number of mature adipocytes. The treatments also reduced the expressions of critical adipogenic transcription factors CEBP-α and PPAR-γ in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SAT in DIO mice. Interestingly, T2-3 increased the cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of β-catenin and the transcriptional activity of β-catenin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; the elevated β-catenin expression was also observed in SAT of the T2-3-treated DIO mice. Indeed, upregulation of β-catenin activity suppressed adipogenesis, while β-catenin inhibitor JW67 reversed the anti-adipogenic effect of T2-3. Taken together, our data suggest that T2-3 inhibits adipogenesis by upregulating β-catenin activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first report demonstrating meroterpenoid furanasperterpene A as a novel 6/6/6/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton (T2-3) that possesses potent anti-adipogenic effect by targeting β-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings drive new anti-obesity drug discovery and provide drug leads for chemists and pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisen Chen
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yechun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minting Chen
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunfang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tao Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Bertran L, Portillo-Carrasquer M, Barrientos-Riosalido A, Aguilar C, Riesco D, Martínez S, Culebradas A, Vives M, Sabench F, Castillo DD, Richart C, Auguet T. Increased Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 mRNA Expression in the Adipose Tissue of Women with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9871. [PMID: 36077270 PMCID: PMC9456439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes that seems to be linked with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the role of the SFRP5-wingless-MMTV integration site family member 5a (WNT5A) pathway, closely related to adipogenesis, in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) and its relationship with obesity-related NAFLD. Our cohort was composed of 60 women with morbid obesity (MO), who underwent hypocaloric diet, subclassified according to their hepatic histopathology and 15 women with normal weight. We observed increased SFRP5 mRNA expression in VAT and lower WNT5A expression in SAT in MO compared to normal weight. We found elevated SFRP5 expression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in SAT and in mild simple steatosis (SS) and NASH in VAT. We observed higher WNT5A expression in SS compared to normal liver in SAT, and a peak of WNT5A expression in mild SS. To conclude, we reported increased SFRP5 mRNA expression in SAT and VAT of NAFLD-related to obesity subjects, suggesting an implication of the SFRP5-WNT5A pathway in NAFLD pathogenesis, probably due to the adipose tissue-liver axis. Since the mechanisms by which this potential interaction takes place remain elusive, more research in this field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bertran
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Portillo-Carrasquer
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Barrientos-Riosalido
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Riesco
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Amada Culebradas
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Margarita Vives
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Kita A, Saito Y, Miura N, Miyajima M, Yamamoto S, Sato T, Yotsuyanagi T, Fujimiya M, Chikenji TS. Altered regulation of mesenchymal cell senescence in adipose tissue promotes pathological changes associated with diabetic wound healing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:310. [PMID: 35383267 PMCID: PMC8983691 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologic diabetic wound healing is caused by sequential and progressive deterioration of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and resolution/remodeling. Cellular senescence promotes wound healing; however, diabetic wounds exhibit low levels of senescent factors and accumulate senescent cells, which impair the healing process. Here we show that the number of p15INK4B + PDGFRα + senescent mesenchymal cells in adipose tissue increases transiently during early phases of wound healing in both non-diabetic mice and humans. Transplantation of adipose tissue from diabetic mice into non-diabetic mice results in impaired wound healing and an altered cellular senescence–associated secretory phenotype (SASP), suggesting that insufficient induction of adipose tissue senescence after injury is a pathological mechanism of diabetic wound healing. These results provide insight into how regulation of senescence in adipose tissue contributes to wound healing and could constitute a basis for developing therapeutic treatment for wound healing impairment in diabetes. Type-2 diabetic adipose tissue impairs transient senescence during wound healing with expression of different components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and this is associated with deteriorated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Kita
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Norihiro Miura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyajima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sena Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yotsuyanagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako S Chikenji
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. .,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Kahn DE, Bergman BC. Keeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2022; 71:599-609. [PMID: 35316835 PMCID: PMC8965661 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in adipose tissue composition and function are associated with obesity and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the significance of this relationship has been cemented, our understanding of the multifaceted role of adipose tissue in metabolic heath and disease continues to evolve and expand. Heterogenous populations of cells that make up adipose tissue throughout the body generate diverse secretomes containing a mosaic of bioactive compounds with vast structural and signaling capabilities. While there are many reports highlighting the important role of adipose tissue endocrine signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the direct, local, paracrine effect of adipose tissue has received less attention. Recent studies have begun to underscore the importance of considering anatomically discrete adipose depots for their specific impact on local microenvironments and metabolic function in neighboring tissues as well as regulation of whole-body physiology. This article highlights the important role of adipose tissue paracrine signaling on metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in nearby tissues and organs, specifically focusing on visceral, pancreatic, subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perivascular adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E. Kahn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Torres JL, Usategui-Martín R, Hernández-Cosido L, Bernardo E, Manzanedo-Bueno L, Hernández-García I, Mateos-Díaz AM, Rozo O, Matesanz N, Salete-Granado D, Chamorro AJ, Carbonell C, Garcia-Macia M, González-Sarmiento R, Sabio G, Muñoz-Bellvís L, Marcos M. PPAR-γ Gene Expression in Human Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:286-297. [PMID: 34882294 PMCID: PMC8821495 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ plays a key role in adipose tissue differentiation and fat metabolism. However, it is unclear which factors may regulate its expression and whether obese patients have changes in adipose tissue expression of PPAR-γor potential regulators such as miR-27. Thus, our aims were to analyze PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients, and to correlate their levels with clinical variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We included 43 morbidly obese subjects who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (31 of them completed 1-year follow-up) and 19 non-obese subjects. mRNA expression of PPAR-γ1 and PPAR-γ2, miR-27a, and miR-27b was measured by qPCR in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clinical variables and serum adipokine and hormone levels were correlated with PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression. In addition, a systematic review of the literature regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients was performed. RESULTS We found no differences in the expression of PPAR-γ and miR-27 in adipose tissue of obese patients vs. controls. The literature review revealed discrepant results regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients. Of note, we described a significant negative correlation between pre-operative PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients and post-operative weight loss, potentially linked with insulin resistance markers. CONCLUSION PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue is associated with weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy and may be used as a biomarker for response to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge-Luis Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora-SACYL, Zamora, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- IOBA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain ,Cooperative Health Network for Research (RETICS), Oftared, National Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Edgar Bernardo
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Manzanedo-Bueno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora-SACYL, Zamora, Spain
| | - Ignacio Hernández-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana-María Mateos-Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Orlando Rozo
- Department of Surgery, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila-SACYL, Ávila, Spain
| | - Nuria Matesanz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio-Javier Chamorro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Garcia-Macia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñoz-Bellvís
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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A novel conjunctive microenvironment derived from human subcutaneous adipose tissue contributes to physiology of its superficial layer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:480. [PMID: 34454629 PMCID: PMC8399854 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In human subcutaneous adipose tissue, the superficial fascia distinguishes superficial and deep microenvironments showing extensions called retinacula cutis. The superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue has been described as hyperplastic and the deep subcutaneous adipose tissue as inflammatory. However, few studies have described stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) content and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) behavior derived from superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue. In this study, we analyzed a third conjunctive microenvironment: the retinacula cutis superficialis derived from superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue. Methods The samples of abdominal human subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained during plastic aesthetic surgery in France (Declaration DC-2008-162) and Brazil (Protocol 145/09). Results The SVF content was characterized in situ by immunofluorescence and ex vivo by flow cytometry revealing a high content of pre-adipocytes rather in superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue microenvironment. Adipogenic assays revealed higher percentage of lipid accumulation area in ASCs from superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with retinacula cutis superficialis (p < 0.0001) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.0001). The high adipogenic potential of superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue was corroborated by an up-regulation of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) compared with retinacula cutis superficialis (p < 0.0001) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.0001) and of C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) compared with retinacula cutis superficialis (p < 0.0001) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.0001) microenvironments. Curiously, ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis showed a higher level of adiponectin receptor gene compared with superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 0.0409), widely known as an anti-inflammatory hormone. Non-induced ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis showed higher secretion of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), compared with superficial (p = 0.0485) and deep (p = 0.0112) subcutaneous adipose tissue and with adipogenic-induced ASCs from superficial (p = 0.0175) and deep (p = 0.0328) subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis showed higher secretion of Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) compared with non-induced (p = 0.0029) and induced (p = 0.0089) superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions This study highlights the contribution to ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis in their angiogenic property previously described for the whole superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue besides supporting its adipogenic potential for superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Kubota Y, Nagano H, Kosaka K, Ogata H, Nakayama A, Yokoyama M, Murata K, Akita S, Kuriyama M, Furuyama N, Kuroda M, Tanaka T, Mitsukawa N. Epigenetic modifications underlie the differential adipogenic potential of preadipocytes derived from human subcutaneous fat tissue. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C596-C606. [PMID: 34319829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00387.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes (ccdPAs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be harvested from human subcutaneous fat tissue using the specific gravity method. Both cell types possess a similar spindle shape without lipid droplets. We previously reported that ccdPAs have a higher adipogenic potential than ASCs, even after a 7-week culture. We performed a genome-wide epigenetic analysis to examine the mechanisms contributing to the adipogenic potential differences between ccdPAs and ASCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylation analysis of cytosines followed by guanine (CpG) using a 450K BeadChip was performed on human ccdPAs and ASCs isolated from three metabolically healthy females. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed to evaluate trimethylation at lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4me3). RESULTS Unsupervised machine learning using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) to interpret 450,000-dimensional methylation assay data showed that the cells were divided into ASC and ccdPA groups. In KEGG pathway analysis of 1,543 genes with differential promoter CpG methylation, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and adipocytokine signaling pathways ranked in the top 10 pathways. In the PPAR gamma gene, H3K4me3 peak levels were higher in ccdPAs than in ASCs, whereas promoter CpG methylation levels were significantly lower in ccdPAs than in ASCs. Similar differences in promoter CpG methylation were also seen in the fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and leptin genes. CONCLUSION We analyzed the epigenetic status of adipogenesis-related genes as a potential mechanism underlying the differences in adipogenic differentiation capability between ASCs and ccdPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nagano
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kosaka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ogata
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murata
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Akita
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motone Kuriyama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Kuroda
- Center for Advanced Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Woeller CF, Lim SA, Roztocil E, Yee M, Beier EE, Puzas JE, O'Reilly MA. Neonatal hyperoxia impairs adipogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fat accumulation in adult mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:287-298. [PMID: 33757863 PMCID: PMC8096722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a risk factor for growth failure and development of respiratory disease in children and young adults. Their early exposure to oxygen may contribute to lung disease because adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates display reduced lung function, changes in the host response to respiratory viral infections, and develop pulmonary hypertension and heart failure that shortens their lifespan. Here, we provide new evidence that neonatal hyperoxia also impairs growth by inhibiting fat accumulation. Failure to accumulate fat may reflect a systemic defect in adipogenic potential of stem cells because bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) isolated from the mice grew slower and were more oxidized compared to controls. They also displayed reduced capacity to accumulate lipid and differentiate into adipocytes. BMSCs from adult mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia express lower levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor that drives adipocyte differentiation. The defect in adipogenesis was rescued by expressing PPARγ in these cells. These findings reveal early life exposure to high levels of oxygen may suppresses fat accumulation and impair adipogenic differentiation upstream of PPARγ signaling, thus potentially contributing to growth failure seen in people born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collynn F Woeller
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Sydney A Lim
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Roztocil
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Min Yee
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eric E Beier
- Departments of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - J Edward Puzas
- Departments of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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12
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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13
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Ceiling Culture-Derived Preadipocytes Cultured from Subcutaneous Fat Tissue Differ in Their Epigenetic Characteristics and Osteogenic Potential. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 144:644-655. [PMID: 31461020 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells and ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes can be harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Little is known about the epigenetic differences, which may contribute to differences in osteogenic potential, between these cell types. The purpose of this study was to address the osteogenic potential and underlying epigenetic status of adipose-derived stem cells and ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells and ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes were cultured from abdominal subcutaneous fat tissues of four metabolically healthy, lean female patients. After 7 weeks of culture, cellular responses to osteogenic differentiation media were examined. To evaluate the osteogenic potentials of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells and ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes, two types of epigenetic assessment were performed using next-generation sequencing: DNA methylation assays with the Human Methylation 450K BeadChip, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays for trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4. RESULTS Human ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes showed greater osteogenic differentiation ability than did adipose-derived stem cells. In an epigenetic survey of the promoters of four osteogenic regulator genes (RUNX2, SP7, ATF4, and BGLAP), the authors found a general trend toward decreased CpG methylation and increased trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 levels in ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes as compared to adipose-derived stem cells, indicating that these genes were more likely to be highly expressed in ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes. CONCLUSIONS The surveyed epigenetic differences between adipose-derived stem cells and ceiling culture-derived preadipocytes were consistent with the observed differences in osteogenic potential. These results enhance the authors' understanding of these cells and will facilitate their further application in regenerative medicine.
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14
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Dermal White Adipose Tissue: A Newly Recognized Layer of Skin Innate Defense. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Stener-Victorin E, Zhang H, Li R, Friden C, Li D, Wang W, Wang H, Chang C, Li S, Huo Z, Zhang H, Ji X, Linden-Hirschberg A, Qiao J. Acupuncture or metformin to improve insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: study protocol of a combined multinational cross sectional case-control study and a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024733. [PMID: 30612112 PMCID: PMC6326273 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance with dysfunctional glucose metabolism. Pilot studies suggests that acupuncture treatment with combined manual and low-frequency electrical stimulation (electroacupuncture (EA)) of the needles decrease circulating glycated haemoglobulin (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance. Therefore, we here aim to investigate if acupuncture treatment or metformin together with lifestyle or lifestyle management alone improves insulin sensitivity and related symptoms in overweight/obese women with PCOS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a two-centre multinational (Sweden and China), cross-sectional case-control study combined with an open-labelled randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants are randomised to one of three groups: (1) EA 2-3 times/week during 4 months+lifestyle management; (2) metformin, 500 mg, three/day during 4 months+lifestyle management; or (3) lifestyle management alone. The primary outcome measure in the RCT is changes in HbA1C. A total of 123 obese overweight women with PCOS will be enrolled and randomised into one of the three groups with a target power of at least 80% and 5% significance level based on two-sided tests. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board of Stockholm and of Peking University Third Hospital, China. Primary outcome data of the RCT will be published in a relevant journal together with supporting secondary outcome measurements. Further, outcome measurements will be published in separate papers as well as case-control data. EXPECTED RESULTS We anticipate that EA and metformin, both with lifestyle management, are equally effective and superior to lifestyle management alone for improvement of glycaemic control. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT02647827 and EudraCT2015-004250-18.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia Friden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiqing Chang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - ZeJun Huo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Ji
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Hausman GJ. The origin and purpose of layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue in pigs and man. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 33:hmbci-2018-0001. [PMID: 29547390 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue exists in many locations or depots that differ from one another based on numerous and various characteristics. The unique "layered" anatomical feature of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in man and the pig is reviewed and discussed. The origin of fetal pig adipose tissue subcutaneous layers is reviewed before the onset of adipogenesis and after the overt adipogenesis. Furthermore, the distinguishing characteristics of developing outer SAT layer (OSQ) and middle SAT layer (MSQ) in pigs are reviewed. These characteristics include adipocyte hypertrophy, metabolism and genetic regulation. The MSQ layer is the major layer in the pig and expands to the greatest degree in obesity and growth. Abdominal SAT in man is composed of deep SAT (dSAT) and superficial SAT (sSAT) layers. Clearly, dSAT expands disproportionally more than sSAT with increasing obesity in Caucasian males which precipitates a number of human pathologies associated with increased adiposity. We reviewed the considerable evidence that demonstrates the distinction between sSAT and dSAT which includes higher levels of saturated fatty acids (FAs) and greater levels of lipolysis in dSAT. Furthermore, dSAT expresses more metabolic and inflammatory genes. Studies comparing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and dSAT indicate that both depots are implicated in insulin resistance (IR) and other human pathologies. Epigenetic studies of MSQ and dSAT have begun to indicate a role for DNA methylation in gene regulation of these depots. Further studies of dSAT and MSQ are warranted as they are clearly a major manifestation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Hausman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 425 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA, Phone: 706-224-4245
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17
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Lecoutre S, Pourpe C, Butruille L, Marousez L, Laborie C, Guinez C, Lesage J, Vieau D, Eeckhoute J, Gabory A, Oger F, Eberlé D, Breton C. Reduced PPARγ2 expression in adipose tissue of male rat offspring from obese dams is associated with epigenetic modifications. FASEB J 2018; 32:2768-2778. [PMID: 29295860 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700997r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, maternal obesity and accelerated growth in neonates program obesity later in life. White adipose tissue (WAT) has been the focus of developmental programming events, although underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In rodents, WAT development primarily occurs during lactation. We previously reported that adult rat offspring from dams fed a high-fat (HF) diet exhibited fat accumulation and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA levels in WAT. We hypothesized that PPARγ down-regulation occurs via epigenetic malprogramming which takes place during adipogenesis. We therefore examined epigenetic modifications in the PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 promoters in perirenal (pWAT) and inguinal fat pads of HF offspring at weaning (postnatal d 21) and in adulthood. Postnatal d 21 is a period characterized by active epigenomic remodeling in the PPARγ2 promoter (DNA hypermethylation and depletion in active histone modification H3ac and H3K4me3) in pWAT, consistent with increased DNA methyltransferase and DNA methylation activities. Adult HF offspring exhibited sustained hypermethylation and histone modification H3ac of the PPARγ2 promoter in both deposits, correlated with persistent decreased PPARγ2 mRNA levels. Consistent with the DOHaD hypothesis, retained epigenetic marks provide a mechanistic basis for the cellular memory linking maternal obesity to a predisposition for later adiposity.-Lecoutre, S., Pourpe, C., Butruille, L., Marousez, L., Laborie, C., Guinez, C., Lesage, J., Vieau, D., Eeckhoute, J., Gabory, A., Oger, F., Eberlé, D., Breton, C. Reduced PPARγ2 expression in adipose tissue of male rat offspring from obese dams is associated with epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlène Pourpe
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laura Butruille
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Marousez
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christine Laborie
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Guinez
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité 1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
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18
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Goossens GH. The Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Adipose Tissue Function. Obes Facts 2017; 10:207-215. [PMID: 28564650 PMCID: PMC5644968 DOI: 10.1159/000471488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current obesity epidemic poses a major public health issue since obesity predisposes towards several chronic diseases. BMI and total adiposity are positively correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk at the population level. However, body fat distribution and an impaired adipose tissue function, rather than total fat mass, better predict insulin resistance and related complications at the individual level. Adipose tissue dysfunction is determined by an impaired adipose tissue expandability, adipocyte hypertrophy, altered lipid metabolism, and local inflammation. Recent human studies suggest that adipose tissue oxygenation may be a key factor herein. A subgroup of obese individuals - the 'metabolically healthy obese' (MHO) - have a better adipose tissue function, less ectopic fat storage, and are more insulin sensitive than obese metabolically unhealthy persons, emphasizing the central role of adipose tissue function in metabolic health. However, controversy has surrounded the idea that metabolically healthy obesity may be considered really healthy since MHO individuals are at increased (cardio)metabolic disease risk and may have a lower quality of life than normal weight subjects due to other comorbidities. Detailed metabolic phenotyping of obese persons will be invaluable in understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic disturbances, and is needed to identify high-risk individuals or subgroups, thereby paving the way for optimization of prevention and treatment strategies to combat cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H. Goossens
- *Gijs H. Goossens, PhD, Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
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