1
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Guan L, Ge R, Ma S. Newsights of endoplasmic reticulum in hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116812. [PMID: 38781866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is important to cells because of its essential functions, including synthesizing three major nutrients and ion transport. When cellular homeostasis is disrupted, ER quality control (ERQC) system is activated effectively to remove misfolded and unfolded proteins through ER-phagy, ER-related degradation (ERAD), and molecular chaperones. When unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress are activated, the cell may be suffering a huge blow, and the most probable consequence is apoptosis. The membrane contact points between the ER and sub-organelles contribute to communication between the organelles. The decrease in oxygen concentration affects the morphology and structure of the ER, thereby affecting its function and further disrupting the stable state of cells, leading to the occurrence of disease. In this study, we describe the functions of ER-, ERQC-, and ER-related membrane contact points and their changes under hypoxia, which will help us further understand ER and treat ER-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guan
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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2
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Tomassini L, Lancia M, Scendoni R, Manta AM, Fruttini D, Terribile E, Gambelunghe C. Dating Skin Lesions of Forensic Interest by Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence Techniques: A Scoping Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:168. [PMID: 38248045 PMCID: PMC10814027 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound age estimation is a significant issue in forensic pathology. Although various methods have been evaluated, no gold standard system or model has been proposed, and accurate injury time estimation is still challenging. The distinction between vital skin wounds-i.e., ante-mortem lesions-and skin alterations that occur after death is a crucial goal in forensic pathology. Once the vitality of the wound has been confirmed, the assessment of the post-trauma interval (PTI) is also fundamental in establishing the causal relationship between the traumatic event and death. The most frequently used techniques in research studies are biochemistry, molecular biology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Biochemical methods take advantage of the chemical and physical techniques. A systematic literature search of studies started on 18 February 2023. The search was conducted in the main databases for biomedical literature, i.e., PubMed and Scopus, for papers published between 1973 and 2022, focusing on different techniques of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (IF) for estimating the PTI of skin wounds. The present study involves a comprehensive and structured analysis of the existing literature to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of the different IHC techniques used to date skin lesions, synthesize the available evidence, critically evaluate the methodologies, and eventually draw meaningful conclusions about the reliability and effectiveness of the different markers that have been discovered and used in wound age estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tomassini
- International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Lancia
- Forensic Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.L.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberto Scendoni
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Manta
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Fruttini
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Erika Terribile
- Forensic Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.L.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristiana Gambelunghe
- Forensic Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.L.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
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3
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Wang JM, Jiang JY, Zhang DL, Du X, Wu T, Du ZX. HYOU1 facilitates proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of papillary thyroid cancer via stabilizing LDHB mRNA. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4814-4825. [PMID: 33792181 PMCID: PMC8107106 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HYOU1 is upregulated in many kinds of cancer cells, and its high expression is associated with tumour invasiveness and poor prognosis. However, the role of HYOU1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) development and progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we reported that HYOU1 was highly expressed in human PTC and associated with poor prognosis. HYOU1 silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells. Mechanistic analyses showed that HYOU1 silencing promoted oxidative phosphorylation while inhibited aerobic glycolysis via downregulating LDHB at the posttranscriptional level. We further confirmed that the 3'UTR of LDHB mRNA is the indirect target of HYOU1 silencing and HYOU1 silencing increased miR‐375‐3p levels. While LDHB overexpression significantly suppressed the inhibitory effects of HYOU1 silencing on aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion in PTC cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that HYOU1 promotes glycolysis and malignant progression in PTC cells via upregulating LDHB expression, providing a potential target for developing novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Clinical medical laboratory, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da-Lin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Xian Du
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Bisphenol A Exposure Changes the Transcriptomic and Proteomic Dynamics of Human Retinoblastoma Y79 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020264. [PMID: 33670352 PMCID: PMC7918513 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen chemical commonly used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin and might affect various human organs. However, the cellular effects of BPA on the eyes have not been widely investigated. This study aimed to investigate the cellular cytotoxicity by BPA exposure on human retinoblastoma cells. BPA did not show cytotoxic effects, such as apoptosis, alterations to cell viability and cell cycle regulation. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome profiles were investigated after long-term exposure of Y79 cells to low doses of BPA. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq revealed that mRNA expression of the post-transcriptional regulation-associated gene sets was significantly upregulated in the BPA-treated group. Cell cycle regulation-associated gene sets were significantly downregulated by exposure to BPA. Interestingly, RNA-seq analysis at the transcript level indicated that alternative splicing events, particularly retained introns, were noticeably altered by low-dose BPA treatment. Additionally, proteome profiling using MALDI-TOF-MS identified a total of nine differentially expressed proteins. These results suggest that alternative splicing events and altered gene/protein expression patterns are critical phenomena affected by long-term low-dose BPA exposure. This represents a novel marker for the detection of various diseases associated with environmental pollutants such as BPA.
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5
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Hao A, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li J, Li Y, Li D, Kulik G, Sui G. Long non-coding antisense RNA HYOU1-AS is essential to human breast cancer development through competitive binding hnRNPA1 to promote HYOU1 expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118951. [PMID: 33422616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor prognosis due to lack of biomarker and therapeutic target. Emerging research has revealed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in breast cancer progression, but their functions and regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially in TNBC. In this study, we performed lncRNA microarray analysis of five TNBC samples and their matched normal tissues, and discovered a number of differentially expressed lncRNAs. We identified an antisense lncRNA, HYOU1-AS, which is transcribed from the opposite strand of the hypoxia up-regulated 1 (HYOU1) gene, enriched in the nucleus and highly expressed in TNBC. HYOU1-AS knockdown could inhibit the proliferation and migration of the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells, and reduce their xenograft tumor formation in nude mice. In mechanistic studies, we found that HYOU1-AS could promote the expression of HYOU1, a proliferative gene, through competitively binding to hnRNPA1, an RNA-binding protein, to relieve its post-transcriptional inhibition of the HYOU1 mRNA. Consistently, increased HYOU1 levels correlated with poor clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients based on our study of the TCGA database. Overall, our data indicated that the lncRNA HYOU1-AS promoted TNBC progression through upregulating HYOU1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dangdang Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - George Kulik
- Department of Life Sciences, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangchao Sui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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6
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Wang F, Yao S, Xia H. SIRT1 is a key regulatory target for the treatment of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related organ damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110601. [PMID: 32784049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive response that contributes to deal with the misfolded or unfolded protein in the lumen of the ER and restore the ER homeostasis. However, excessive and prolonged ER stress can trigger the cell-death signaling pathway which causes cell death, usually in the form of apoptosis. It is generally accepted that inappropriate cellular apoptosis and a series of the subsequent inflammatory response and oxidative stress can cause disturbance of normal physiological functions and organ damage. A lot of evidence shows that the excessive activation of the ER stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many kinds of diseases and inhibiting the inappropriate stress is of great significance for maintaining the normal physiological function. In recent years, Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) has become a research hotspot on ER stress. As a master regulator of ER stress, increasing evidence suggests that SIRT1 plays a positive role in a variety of ER stress-induced organ damage via multiple mechanisms, including inhibiting cellular apoptosis and promoting autophagy. Furthermore, a lot of factors have shown effective regulation of SIRT1, which indicates the feasibility of treating SIRT1 as a target for the treatment of ER stress-related diseases. We summarize and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of SIRT1 in multiple ER stress-mediated organ damage in this review. We also summed up the possible adjustment mechanism of SIRT1, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of ER stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Haifa Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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7
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Zhang L, Luo B, Ting Y, He S, Xie L, Sun S. SIRT1 attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in rat models of COPD. Growth Factors 2020; 38:94-104. [PMID: 32819170 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1810029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and oxygen regulated protein 150 (ORP150) in a rat COPD model by inducing changes in ER stress and apoptosis. We separated 48 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats into four groups randomly: the control group, resveratrol group, COPD group and the resveratrol intervention group. Rats were challenged with cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide with resveratrol (a selective activator of SIRT1). The lung functions of the rats were measured and recorded. The expression levels of SIRT1 and ORP150 in lung tissues were examined by western blot and RTq PCR. The expression levels of the ER stress apoptosis-associated protein were determined .The apoptotic level of lung tissues was analyzed. The results suggest that SIRT1 attenuated apoptosis and ER stress in the lung tissues of rats with COPD. During this process, a positive correlation was identified between SIRT1 and ORP150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Bailing Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ting
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shengyang He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shenghua Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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8
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Rashid MU, Coombs KM. Serum-reduced media impacts on cell viability and protein expression in human lung epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7718-7724. [PMID: 30515823 PMCID: PMC6519280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum starvation is a widely used condition in molecular biology experiments. Opti‐MEM is a serum‐reduced media used during transfection of genetic molecules into mammalian cells. However, the impact of such media on cell viability and protein synthesis is unknown. A549 human lung epithelial cell viability and morphology were adversely affected by growing in Opti‐MEM. The cellular protein levels of chloride intracellular channel protein 1, proteasome subunit alpha Type 2, and heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 were dysregulated in A549 cells after growing in serum‐reduced media. Small interfering RNA transfection was done in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum, and knockdown efficacy was determined compared with Opti‐MEM. Similar amounts of knockdown of the target proteins were achieved in DMEM, and cell viability was higher compared with Opti‐MEM after transfection. Careful consideration of the impact of Opti‐MEM media during the culture or transfection is important for experimental design and results interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamud-Ur Rashid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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9
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Mitochondrial Dysregulation Secondary to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - UMOD (ADTKD-UMOD). Sci Rep 2017; 7:42970. [PMID: 28220896 PMCID: PMC5318959 DOI: 10.1038/srep42970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
‘Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease – UMOD’ (ADTKD-UMOD) is caused by impaired maturation and secretion of mutant uromodulin (UMOD) in thick ascending limb of Henle loop (TAL) cells, resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). To gain insight into pathophysiology, we analysed proteome profiles of TAL-enriched outer renal medulla samples from ADTKD-UMOD and control mice by quantitative LC-MS/MS. In total, 212 differentially abundant proteins were identified. Numerous ER proteins, including BiP (HSPA5), phosphorylated eIF2α (EIF2S1), ATF4, ATF6 and CHOP (DDIT3), were increased abundant, consistent with UPR. The abundance of hypoxia-inducible proteins with stress survival functions, i.e. HYOU1, TXNDC5 and ERO1L, was also increased. TAL cells in ADTKD-UMOD showed a decreased proportion of mitochondria and reduced abundance of multiple mitochondrial proteins, associated with disturbed post-translational processing and activation of the mitochondrial transcription factor NRF1. Impaired fission of organelles, as suggested by reduced abundance of FIS1, may be another reason for disturbed biogenesis of mitochondria and peroxisomes. Reduced amounts of numerous proteins of the OXPHOS and citrate cycle pathways, and activation of the LKB1-AMPK-pathway, a sensor pathway of cellular energy deficits, suggest impaired energy homeostasis. In conclusion, our study revealed secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in ADTKD-UMOD.
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10
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Haapaniemi EM, Fogarty CL, Keskitalo S, Katayama S, Vihinen H, Ilander M, Mustjoki S, Krjutškov K, Lehto M, Hautala T, Eriksson O, Jokitalo E, Velagapudi V, Varjosalo M, Seppänen M, Kere J. Combined immunodeficiency and hypoglycemia associated with mutations in hypoxia upregulated 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1391-1393.e11. [PMID: 27913302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Haapaniemi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Christopher L Fogarty
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mette Ilander
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ove Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Seppänen
- Rare Disease Center, Children's Hospital and Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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11
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Montesi M, Jähn K, Bonewald L, Stea S, Bordini B, Beraudi A. Hypoxia mediates osteocyte ORP150 expression and cell death in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4248-4254. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Chang JW, Kim H, Baek CH, Lee RB, Yang WS, Lee SK. Up-Regulation of SIRT1 Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Renal Fibrosis. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 133:116-28. [DOI: 10.1159/000447067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Krętowski R, Borzym-Kluczyk M, Stypułkowska A, Brańska-Januszewska J, Ostrowska H, Cechowska-Pasko M. Low glucose dependent decrease of apoptosis and induction of autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 417:35-47. [PMID: 27160935 PMCID: PMC4887537 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have developed a number of adaptation mechanisms involving the signal activation of the transduction pathways, which promotes the progression and metastasis. Our results showed that the percentage of apoptotic MCF-7 cells incubated in the low glucose medium for 48 h was lower in comparison to those cultured in the high glucose medium, despite the high expression of the proapoptotic transcription factor-CHOP. Furthermore, the MCF-7 cells incubated in the low glucose medium for 48 h showed a higher expression of NF-κB p100/p52 subunits compared to cells incubated in the high glucose medium. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that the shortage of glucose strongly induces autophagy in MCF-7 cells. The activation of this process is not associated with the changes in the expression of mTOR kinase. We suggest, that the antiapoptotic chaperone ORP150 induction, transcription factor NF-κB2 activation, and increased autophagy constitute mechanisms protecting the MCF-7 cells against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Krętowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borzym-Kluczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Stypułkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Halina Ostrowska
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
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14
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Cangemi A, Fanale D, Rinaldi G, Bazan V, Galvano A, Perez A, Barraco N, Massihnia D, Castiglia M, Vieni S, Bronte G, Mirisola M, Russo A. Dietary restriction: could it be considered as speed bump on tumor progression road? Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7109-18. [PMID: 27043958 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restrictions, including fasting (or long-term starvation), calorie restriction (CR), and short-term starvation (STS), are considered a strong rationale that may protect against various diseases, including age-related diseases and cancer. Among dietary approaches, STS, in which food is not consumed during designed fasting periods but is typically not restricted during designated feeding periods, seems to be more suitable, because other dietary regimens involving prolonged fasting periods could worsen the health conditions of cancer patients, being they already naturally prone to weight loss. Until now, the limited amount of available data does not point to a single gene, pathway, or molecular mechanism underlying the benefits to the different dietary approaches. It is well known that the healthy effect is mediated in part by the reduction of nutrient-related pathways. The calorie restriction and starvation (long- and short-term) also suppress the inflammatory response reducing the expression, for example, of IL-10 and TNF-α, mitigating pro-inflammatory gene expression and increasing anti-inflammatory gene expression. The dietary restriction may regulate both genes involved in cellular proliferation and factors associated to apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. Finally, dietary restriction is an important tool that may influence the response to chemotherapy in preclinical models. However, further data are needed to correlate dietary approaches with chemotherapeutic treatments in human models. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of various dietary approaches on the cancer progression and therapy response, mainly in preclinical models, describing some signaling pathways involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Cangemi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Rinaldi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Massihnia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Castiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Mirisola
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Zuo D, Subjeck J, Wang XY. Unfolding the Role of Large Heat Shock Proteins: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 26973652 PMCID: PMC4771732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of eukaryotes are evolutionarily conserved molecules present in all the major intracellular organelles. They mainly function as molecular chaperones and participate in maintenance of protein homeostasis in physiological state and under stressful conditions. Despite their relative abundance, the large HSPs, i.e., Hsp110 and glucose-regulated protein 170 (Grp170), have received less attention compared to other conventional HSPs. These proteins are distantly related to the Hsp70 and belong to Hsp70 superfamily. Increased sizes of Hsp110 and Grp170, due to the presence of a loop structure, result in their exceptional capability in binding to polypeptide substrates or non-protein ligands, such as pathogen-associated molecules. These interactions that occur in the extracellular environment during tissue injury or microbial infection may lead to amplification of an immune response engaging both innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review the current advances in understanding these large HSPs as molecular chaperones in proteostasis control and immune modulation as well as their therapeutic implications in treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. Given their unique immunoregulatory activities, we also discuss the emerging evidence of their potential involvement in inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Wang ZS, Xiong F, Xie XH, Chen D, Pan JH, Cheng L. Astragaloside IV attenuates proteinuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:44. [PMID: 25886386 PMCID: PMC4387678 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease throughout the world; however, the reversibility of diabetic nephropathy remains controversial. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is derived from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, a widely used traditional herbal medicine in China, and has diverse pharmacological activities including the attenuation of podocyte injury and amelioration of proteinuria in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of AS-IV on proteinuria in the rat streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of diabetes. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (Normal group), diabetic nephropathy (Model group), diabetic nephropathy plus AS-IV treatment (AS-IV group) and diabetic nephropathy plus 4-phenyl butyric acid treatment (PBA group). ER stress was induced in cultured human podocytes, pretreated with or without AS-IV, with tunicamycin (TM). At the end of 8 weeks, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24-hour urinary protein excretion rate (UAER) were determined. Renal morphology was examined after periodic acid-Schiff staining of kidney sections. Apoptosis of podocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The total expression and phosphorylation of eIF2α, PERK and JNK, and the expression of CHOP and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by western blotting. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) mRNA and protein was determined by real-time PCR and western blotting respectively. Results AS-IV treatment significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, and prevented the mesangial matrix expansion and increase in mean mesangial induced by STZ. AS-IV also prevented the phosphorylation of eIF2α, PERK and JNK, and inhibited the expression of GRP78 and ORP150 markedly, both in vivo and in vitro. AS-IV inhibited the TM-induced apoptosis of podocytes, concomitant with decreased CHOP expression and cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that AS-IV reduces proteinuria and attenuates diabetes, which is associated with decreased ER stress. This might be an important mechanism in the renoprotective function of AS-IV in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Si Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xiao Hang Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Jian Hua Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Chiu HC, Hannemann H, Heesom KJ, Matthews DA, Davidson AD. High-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis of dengue virus type 2 infected A549 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93305. [PMID: 24671231 PMCID: PMC3966871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease caused by dengue virus is a global health concern with up to 390 million individuals infected annually worldwide. There are no vaccines or antiviral compounds available to either prevent or treat dengue disease which may be fatal. To increase our understanding of the interaction of dengue virus with the host cell, we analyzed changes in the proteome of human A549 cells in response to dengue virus type 2 infection using stable isotope labelling in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS). Mock and infected A549 cells were fractionated into nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts before analysis to identify proteins that redistribute between cellular compartments during infection and reduce the complexity of the analysis. We identified and quantified 3098 and 2115 proteins in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions respectively. Proteins that showed a significant alteration in amount during infection were examined using gene enrichment, pathway and network analysis tools. The analyses revealed that dengue virus infection modulated the amounts of proteins involved in the interferon and unfolded protein responses, lipid metabolism and the cell cycle. The SILAC-MS results were validated for a select number of proteins over a time course of infection by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Our study demonstrates for the first time the power of SILAC-MS for identifying and quantifying novel changes in cellular protein amounts in response to dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chen Chiu
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Hannemann
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J. Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Pánico P, Salazar AM, Burns AL, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Role of calpain-10 in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:103-15. [PMID: 24508288 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calpain activity has been implicated in several cellular processes such as cell signaling, apoptosis, exocytosis, mitochondrial metabolism and cytoskeletal remodeling. Evidence has indicated that the impairment of calpain expression and the activity of different calpain family members are involved in diverse pathologies. Calpain-10 has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes, and polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing this disease. The present work focused on the molecular biology of calpain-10, supporting its key participation in glucose metabolism. Current knowledge regarding the role of calpain-10 in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related diseases is additionally reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Anna L Burns
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico.
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Mathieu-Rivet E, Scholz M, Arias C, Dardelle F, Schulze S, Le Mauff F, Teo G, Hochmal AK, Blanco-Rivero A, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Fufezan C, Burel C, Lerouge P, Martinez F, Bardor M, Hippler M. Exploring the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii unravels novel complex structures. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3160-83. [PMID: 23912651 PMCID: PMC3820931 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green unicellular eukaryotic model organism for studying relevant biological and biotechnological questions. The availability of genomic resources and the growing interest in C. reinhardtii as an emerging cell factory for the industrial production of biopharmaceuticals require an in-depth analysis of protein N-glycosylation in this organism. Accordingly, we used a comprehensive approach including genomic, glycomic, and glycoproteomic techniques to unravel the N-glycosylation pathway of C. reinhardtii. Using mass-spectrometry-based approaches, we found that both endogenous soluble and membrane-bound proteins carry predominantly oligomannosides ranging from Man-2 to Man-5. In addition, minor complex N-linked glycans were identified as being composed of partially 6-O-methylated Man-3 to Man-5 carrying one or two xylose residues. These findings were supported by results from a glycoproteomic approach that led to the identification of 86 glycoproteins. Here, a combination of in-source collision-induced dissodiation (CID) for glycan fragmentation followed by mass tag-triggered CID for peptide sequencing and PNGase F treatment of glycopeptides in the presence of (18)O-labeled water in conjunction with CID mass spectrometric analyses were employed. In conclusion, our data support the notion that the biosynthesis and maturation of N-linked glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus occur via a GnT I-independent pathway yielding novel complex N-linked glycans that maturate differently from their counterparts in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Mathieu-Rivet
- From the ‡Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Martin Scholz
- ¶Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, University of Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Carolina Arias
- ‖Comisión Docente de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Flavien Dardelle
- From the ‡Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Schulze
- ¶Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, University of Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - François Le Mauff
- ‡‡Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore, 138668
| | - Gavin Teo
- ‡‡Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore, 138668
| | - Ana Karina Hochmal
- ¶Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, University of Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Amaya Blanco-Rivero
- ‖Comisión Docente de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne Loutelier-Bourhis
- §§Université de Rouen, Laboratoire COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, INSA de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- From the ‡Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Christian Fufezan
- ¶Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, University of Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Carole Burel
- From the ‡Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- From the ‡Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Flor Martinez
- ‖Comisión Docente de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Muriel Bardor
- From the ‡Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Michael Hippler
- ¶Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, University of Münster, D-48143, Germany
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Smith MA, McInnes C, Whitaker RM, Lindsey CC, Comer RF, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Calpain 10 homology modeling with CYGAK and increased lipophilicity leads to greater potency and efficacy in cells. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1410-9. [PMID: 22612451 DOI: 10.1021/cb300219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calpain 10 is a ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+)-regulated cysteine protease in which overexpression or knockdown leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. We previously identified a potent and specific calpain 10 peptide inhibitor (CYGAK), but it was not efficacious in cells. Therefore, we created a homology model using the calpain 10 amino acid sequence and calpain 1 3-D structure and docked CYGAK in the active site. Using this model we modified the inhibitor to improve potency 2-fold (CYGAbuK). To increase cellular efficacy, we created CYGAK-S-phenyl-oleic acid heterodimers. Using renal mitochondrial matrix CYGAK, CYGAK-OC, and CYGAK-ON had IC(50)'s of 70, 90, and 875 nM, respectively. Using isolated whole renal mitochondria CYGAK, CYGAK-OC, and CYGAK-ON had IC(50)'s of 95, 196, and >10,000 nM, respectively. Using renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) in primary culture, 30 min exposures to CYGAK-OC and CYGAbuK-OC decreased cellular calpain activity approximately 20% at 1 μM, and concentrations up to 100 μM had no additional effect. RPTC treated with 10 μM CYGAK-OC for 24 h induced accumulation of ATP synthase β and NDUFB8, two calpain 10 substrates. In summary, we used molecular modeling to improve the potency of CYGAK, while creating CYGAK-oleic acid heterodimers to improve efficacy in cells. Since calpain 10 has been implicated in type 2 diabetes and renal aging, the use of this inhibitor may contribute to elucidating the role of calpain 10 in these and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Smith
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
| | - Ryan M. Whitaker
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Christopher C. Lindsey
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Richard F. Comer
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Craig C. Beeson
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration,
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425, United States
- Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South
Carolina 29401, United States
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Muratsu-Ikeda S, Nangaku M, Ikeda Y, Tanaka T, Wada T, Inagi R. Downregulation of miR-205 modulates cell susceptibility to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses in renal tubular cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41462. [PMID: 22859986 PMCID: PMC3408438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play a crucial role in tubular damage in both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the pathophysiological contribution of microRNAs (miRNA) to renal damage has also been highlighted, the effect of miRNA on renal damage under oxidative and ER stresses conditions remains elusive. METHODS We assessed changes in miRNA expression in the cultured renal tubular cell line HK-2 under hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress or ER stress using miRNA microarray assay and real-time RT-PCR. The pathophysiological effect of miRNA was evaluated by cell survival rate, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and anti-oxidant enzyme expression in miRNA-inhibited HK-2 or miRNA-overexpressed HK-2 under these stress conditions. The target gene of miRNA was identified by 3'-UTR-luciferase assay. RESULTS We identified 8 and 10 miRNAs whose expression was significantly altered by oxidative and ER stresses, respectively. Among these, expression of miR-205 was markedly decreased in both stress conditions. Functional analysis revealed that decreased miR-205 led to an increase in cell susceptibility to oxidative and ER stresses, and that this increase was associated with the induction of intracellular ROS and suppression of anti-oxidant enzymes. While increased miR-205 by itself made no change in cell growth or morphology, cell viability under oxidative or ER stress conditions was partially restored. Further, miR-205 bound to the 3'-UTR of the prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1/EGLN2) gene and suppressed the transcription level of EGLN2, which modulates both intracellular ROS level and ER stress state. CONCLUSIONS miR-205 serves a protective role against both oxidative and ER stresses via the suppression of EGLN2 and subsequent decrease in intracellular ROS. miR-205 may represent a novel therapeutic target in AKI and CKD associated with oxidative or ER stress in tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyo Muratsu-Ikeda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MN); (RI)
| | - Yoichiro Ikeda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MN); (RI)
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Chen CY, Hsu HC, Lee AS, Tang D, Chow LP, Yang CY, Chen H, Lee YT, Chen CH. The most negatively charged low-density lipoprotein L5 induces stress pathways in vascular endothelial cells. J Vasc Res 2012; 49:329-41. [PMID: 22627396 DOI: 10.1159/000337463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS L5, the most negatively charged species of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), has been implicated in atherogenesis by inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) and inhibiting the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we compared the effects of LDL charge on cellular stress pathways leading to atherogenesis. METHODS We isolated L5 and L1 (the least negatively charged LDL) from the plasma of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and used JC-1 staining to examine the effects of L5 and L1 on the mitochondrial membrane potential (DCm) in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Additionally, we characterized the gene expression profiles of 7 proteins involved in various types of cellular stress. RESULTS The DCm was severely compromised in HUVECs treated with L5. Furthermore, compared with L1, L5 induced a decrease in mRNA and protein expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone proteins ORP150, Grp94, and Grp58, mitochondrial proteins Prdx3 and ATP synthase, and an increase in the expression of the pro-inflammatory protein hnRNP C1/C2. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that L5, but not L1, may promote the destruction of ECs that occurs during atherogenesis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and modulating the expression of key proteins to promote inflammation, ER dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Ouattara DA, Prot JM, Bunescu A, Dumas ME, Elena-Herrmann B, Leclerc E, Brochot C. Metabolomics-on-a-chip and metabolic flux analysis for label-free modeling of the internal metabolism of HepG2/C3A cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1908-20. [PMID: 22618574 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro microfluidic systems are increasingly used as an alternative to standard Petri dishes in bioengineering and metabolomic investigations, as they are expected to provide cellular environments close to the in vivo conditions. In this work, we combined the recently developed "metabolomics-on-a-chip" approach with metabolic flux analysis to model the metabolic network of the hepatoma HepG2/C3A cell line and to infer the distribution of intracellular metabolic fluxes in standard Petri dishes and microfluidic biochips. A high pyruvate reduction to lactate was observed in both systems, suggesting that the cells operate in oxygen-limited environments. Our results also indicate that HepG2/C3A cells in the biochip are characterized by a higher consumption rate of oxygen, presumably due to a higher oxygenation rate in the microfluidic environment. This leads to a higher entry of the ultimate glycolytic product, acetyl-CoA, into the Krebs cycle. These findings are supported by the transcriptional activity of HepG2/C3A cells in both systems since we observed that genes regulated by a HIF-1 (hypoxia-regulated factor-1) transcriptional factor were over expressed under the Petri conditions, but to a lesser extent in the biochip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djomangan Adama Ouattara
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèle pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
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SIRT1 attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via induction of oxygen-regulated protein 150. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:229-32. [PMID: 22564731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although SIRT1 has a therapeutic effect on T2DM, the mechanisms by which SIRT1 ameliorates insulin resistance (IR) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of SIRT1 on palmitate-induced ER stress in HepG2 cells and its underlying signal pathway. Treatment with resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator significantly inhibited palmitate-induced ER stress, leading to the protection against palmitate-induced ER stress and insulin resistance. Resveratrol and SIRT1 overexpression induced the expression of oxygen-regulated protein (ORP) 150 in HepG2 cells. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was involved in the regulation of ORP150 expression because suppression of FOXO1 inhibited the induction of ORP150 by SIRT1. Our results indicate a novel mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates ER stress by overexpression of ORP150, and suggest that SIRT1 ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via regulation of ER stress.
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Smith MA, Schnellmann RG. Mitochondrial calpain 10 is degraded by Lon protease after oxidant injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 517:144-52. [PMID: 22179018 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 10 is ubiquitously expressed and is one of four mitochondrial matrix proteases. We determined that over-expression or knock-down of mitochondrial calpain 10 results in cell death, demonstrating that mitochondrial calpain 10 is required for viability. Thus, we studied calpain 10 degradation in isolated mitochondrial matrix, mitochondria and in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) under control and toxic conditions. Using isolated renal cortical mitochondria and mitochondrial matrix, calpain 10 underwent rapid degradation at 37°C that was blocked with Lon inhibitors but not by calpain or proteasome inhibitors. While exogenous Ca(2+) addition, Ca(2+) chelation or exogenous ATP addition had no effect on calpain 10 degradation, the oxidants tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or H(2)O(2) increased the rate of degradation. Using RPTC, mitochondrial and cytosolic calpain 10 increased in the presence of MG132 (Lon/proteasome inhibitor) but only cytosolic calpain 10 increased in the presence of epoxomicin (proteasome inhibitor). Furthermore, TBHP and H(2)O(2) oxidized mitochondrial calpain 10, decreased mitochondrial, but not cytosolic calpain 10, and pretreatment with MG132 blocked TBHP-induced degradation of calpain 10. In summary, mitochondrial calpain 10 is selectively degraded by Lon protease under basal conditions and is enhanced under and oxidizing conditions, while cytosolic calpain 10 is degraded by the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Smith
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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26
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Abstract
Serum starvation is one of the most frequently performed procedures in molecular biology and there are literally thousands of research papers reporting its use. In fact, this method has become so ingrained in certain areas of research that reports often simply state that cells were serum starved without providing any factual details as to how the procedure was carried out. Even so, we quite obviously lack unequivocal terminology, standard protocols, and perhaps most surprisingly, a common conceptual basis when performing serum starvation. Such inconsistencies not only hinder interstudy comparability but can lead to opposing and inconsistent experimental results. Although it is frequently assumed that serum starvation reduces basal activity of cells, available experimental data do not entirely support this notion. To address this important issue, we studied primary human myotubes, rat L6 myotubes and human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells under different serum starvation conditions and followed time-dependent changes in important signaling pathways such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, the AMP-activated protein kinase, and the mammalian target of rapamycin. Serum starvation induced a swift and dynamic response, which displayed obvious qualitative and quantitative differences across different cell types and experimental conditions despite certain unifying features. There was no uniform reduction in basal signaling activity. Serum starvation clearly represents a major event that triggers a plethora of divergent responses and has therefore great potential to interfere with the experimental results and affect subsequent conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Pirkmajer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Henderson P, van Limbergen JE, Wilson DC, Satsangi J, Russell RK. Genetics of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:346-61. [PMID: 20839313 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nearly a third of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients present in childhood or adolescence, with epidemiological and natural history studies clearly demonstrating a rising incidence in this population. Although early-onset disease has a distinct phenotype, such as more extensive disease at onset and rapid progression, two recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) carried out exclusively in this age group have demonstrated marked genetic similarities to adult disease. Although these parallels exist, this review will focus on the novel regions associated with early-onset IBD susceptibility identified by these early-onset GWAS. These new loci reaffirm the dysregulated pathways previously implicated in adult IBD pathogenesis and provide further insight into the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation. The newly identified loci and expression data suggest mutations in genes encoding IL-27, which is involved in Th17 effector cell physiology; MTMR3, which we demonstrate is an essential component of autophagy; and CAPN10, which is necessary in regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, the roles of PSMG1, TNFRSF6B, ZMIZ1 and SMAD3 are also discussed in relation to abnormal protein degradation and the secondary immune response. It is clear that with increasing technology our understanding of IBD pathogenesis is deepening at the genomic level and that the use of early patient selection coupled with ongoing work on therapeutic targets will lead to improved disease-modifying treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK.
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Nicolaz CN, Zhadobov M, Desmots F, Ansart A, Sauleau R, Thouroude D, Michel D, Le Drean Y. Study of narrow band millimeter-wave potential interactions with endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor genes. Bioelectromagnetics 2010; 30:365-73. [PMID: 19274636 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to study potential biological effects of low-power millimeter waves (MMWs) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle sensitive to a wide variety of environmental insults and involved in a number of pathologies. We considered exposure frequencies around 60 GHz in the context of their near-future applications in wireless communication systems. Radiations within this frequency range are strongly absorbed by oxygen molecules, and biological species have never been exposed to such radiations in natural environmental conditions. A set of five discrete frequencies has been selected; three of them coincide with oxygen spectral lines (59.16, 60.43, and 61.15 GHz) and two frequencies correspond to the spectral line overlap regions (59.87 and 60.83 GHz). Moreover, we used a microwave spectroscopy approach to select eight frequencies corresponding to the spectral lines of various molecular groups within 59-61 GHz frequency range. The human glial cell line, U-251 MG, was exposed or sham-exposed for 24 h with a peak incident power density of 0.14 mW/cm(2). The average specific absorption rate (SAR) within the cell monolayer ranges from 2.64 +/- 0.08 to 3.3 +/- 0.1 W/kg depending on the location of the exposed well. We analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the level of expression of two endogenous ER-stress biomarkers, namely, the chaperones BiP/GRP78 and ORP150/GRP170. It was found that exposure to low-power MMW does not significantly modify the mRNA levels of these stress-sensitive genes suggesting that ER homeostasis is not altered by low-power MMW at the considered frequencies.
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Covington MD, Arrington DD, Schnellmann RG. Calpain 10 is required for cell viability and is decreased in the aging kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F478-86. [PMID: 19144693 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90477.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with abnormalities in kidney function, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. We examined calpains 1, 2, and 10 protein levels in kidneys from rats, mice, and humans of various ages and determined whether calpain 10 is required for cell viability. Calpain 10 protein expression decreased in the kidney, but not in the liver, of aging Fischer 344 rats, and this decrease was attenuated with caloric restriction. There was no change in calpains 1 or 2 levels in the kidney or liver in control and caloric-restricted aging rats. Aging mice also exhibited decreased calpain 10 protein levels. Calpain 10 protein and mRNA levels decreased linearly in human kidney samples with age in the absence of changes in calpains 1 or 2. Our laboratory previously found calpain 10 to be expressed in both the cytosol and mitochondria of rabbit renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC). Adenoviral-delivered shRNA to rabbit RPTC decreased mitochondrial calpain 10 expression below detectable levels by 3 days while cytosolic calpain 10 levels remained unchanged at 3 days and decreased to approximately 20% of control by 5 days. Knockdown of mitochondrial calpain 10 resulted in nuclear condensation and cleaved procaspase 3, markers of apoptosis. In summary, mitochondrial calpain 10 is required for cell viability and calpain 10 levels specifically decrease in aging rat, mice, and human kidney tissues when renal function decreases, suggesting that calpain 10 is required for renal function and is a biomarker of the aging kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D Covington
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Payne CM, Bernstein C, Dvorak K, Bernstein H. Hydrophobic bile acids, genomic instability, Darwinian selection, and colon carcinogenesis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2008; 1:19-47. [PMID: 21677822 PMCID: PMC3108627 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic colon cancer is caused predominantly by dietary factors. We have selected bile acids as a focus of this review since high levels of hydrophobic bile acids accompany a Western-style diet, and play a key role in colon carcinogenesis. We describe how bile acid-induced stresses cause cell death in susceptible cells, contribute to genomic instability in surviving cells, impose Darwinian selection on survivors and enhance initiation and progression to colon cancer. The most likely major mechanisms by which hydrophobic bile acids induce stresses on cells (DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage) are described. Persistent exposure of colon epithelial cells to hydrophobic bile acids can result in the activation of pro-survival stress-response pathways, and the modulation of numerous genes/proteins associated with chromosome maintenance and mitosis. The multiple mechanisms by which hydrophobic bile acids contribute to genomic instability are discussed, and include oxidative DNA damage, p53 and other mutations, micronuclei formation and aneuploidy. Since bile acids and oxidative stress decrease DNA repair proteins, an increase in DNA damage and increased genomic instability through this mechanism is also described. This review provides a mechanistic explanation for the important link between a Western-style diet and associated increased levels of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Payne
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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