1
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Lu DD, Huang N, Li SWA, Fang JR, Lai CH, Wang JK, Chan KS, Johnson MD, Lin CY. HAI-1 is required for the novel role of FGFBP1 in maintenance of cell morphology and F-actin rearrangement in human keratinocytes. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00906-6. [PMID: 37076641 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Formation and maintenance of skin barrier function require tightly controlled membrane-associated proteolysis, in which the integral membrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, functions as the primary inhibitor of the membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin. Previously, HAI-1 loss in HaCaT human keratinocytes resulted in an expected increase in prostasin proteolysis but a paradoxical decrease in matriptase proteolysis. The paradoxical decrease in shed active matriptase is further investigated in this study with an unexpected discovery of novel functions of fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1 (FGFBP1), which acts as an extracellular ligand that can rapidly elicit F-actin rearrangement and subsequently affect the morphology of human keratinocytes. This novel growth factor-like function is in stark contrast to the canonical activity of this protein through interactions with FGFs for its pathophysiological functions. This discovery began with the observation that HAI-1 KO HaCaT cells lose the characteristic cobblestone morphology of the parental cells and exhibit aberrant F-actin formation along with altered subcellular targeting of matriptase and HAI-2. The alterations in cell morphology and F-actin status caused by targeted HAI-1 deletion can be restored by treatment with conditioned medium from parental HaCaT cells, in which FGFBP1 was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Recombinant FGFBP1 down to 1 ng/ml was able to revert the changes caused by HAI-1 loss. Our study reveals a novel function of FGFBP1 in the maintenance of keratinocyte morphology, which depends on HAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun D Lu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nanxi Huang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sheng-Wen A Li
- School of Medicine National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Jessica R Fang
- , Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, MD, 20854, USA
| | - Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, Chung-Hwa Road, Yung-Kang District, Tainan City, 71004, Taiwan.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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2
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Gaymon DO, Barndt R, Stires H, Riggins RB, Johnson MD. ROS is a master regulator of in vitro matriptase activation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0267492. [PMID: 36716335 PMCID: PMC9886240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is widely expressed in normal epithelial cells and epithelial cancers. Studies have shown that regulation of matriptase expression and activation becomes deranged in several cancers and is associated with poor disease-free survival. Although the central mechanism of its activation has remained unknown, our lab has previously demonstrated that inflammatory conditions such as intracellular pH decrease strongly induces matriptase activation. In this investigation, we first demonstrate clear matriptase activation following Fulvestrant (ICI) and Tykerb (Lapatinib) treatment in HER2-amplified, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BT474, MDA-MB-361 and ZR-75-30 or single ER-positive MCF7 cells, respectively. This activation modestly involved Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and occurred as quickly as six hours post treatment. We also demonstrate that matriptase activation is not a universal hallmark of stress, with Etoposide treated cells showing a larger degree of matriptase activation than Lapatinib and ICI-treated cells. While etoposide toxicity has been shown to be mediated through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) activity, MEK activity showed no correlation with matriptase activation. Novelly, we demonstrate that endogenous and exogenous matriptase activation are ROS-mediated in vitro and inhibited by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Lastly, we demonstrate matriptase-directed NAC treatment results in apoptosis of several breast cancer cell lines either alone or in combination with clinically used therapeutics. These data demonstrate the contribution of ROS-mediated survival, its independence of kinase-mediated survival, and the plausibility of using matriptase activation to indicate the potential success of antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius O. Gaymon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Barndt
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Hillary Stires
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rebecca B. Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Michael. D. Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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3
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Downregulation of Matriptase Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Proinflammatory Cytokines by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3865844. [PMID: 36246974 PMCID: PMC9553488 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3865844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Matriptases are cell surface proteolytic enzymes belonging to the type II transmembrane serine protease family that mediate inflammatory skin disorders and cancer progression. Matriptases may affect the development of periodontitis via protease-activated receptor-2 activity. However, the cellular mechanism by which matriptases are involved in periodontitis is unknown. In this study, we examined the antiperiodontitis effects of matriptase on Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Matriptase small interfering RNA-transfected HGFs were treated with PG-LPS. The mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Western blot analyses were performed to measure the levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)/transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), p65, and p50 in PG-LPS-stimulated HGFs. Matriptase downregulation inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression, including the expression of IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-Iβ. Moreover, matriptase downregulation inhibited PG-LPS-stimulated MMP-1 expression. Additionally, we confirmed that the mechanism underlying the effects of matriptase downregulation involves the suppression of PG-LPS-induced IRAK1/TAK1 and NF-κB. These results suggest that downregulation of matriptase PG-LPS-induced MMP-1 and proinflammatory cytokine expression via TLR4-mediated IRAK1/TAK1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in HGFs.
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4
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Ferguson TEG, Reihill JA, Martin SL, Walker B. Novel inhibitors and activity-based probes targeting serine proteases. Front Chem 2022; 10:1006618. [PMID: 36247662 PMCID: PMC9555310 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1006618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases play varied and manifold roles in important biological, physiological, and pathological processes. These include viral, bacterial, and parasitic infection, allergic sensitization, tumor invasion, and metastasis. The use of activity-based profiling has been foundational in pinpointing the precise roles of serine proteases across this myriad of processes. A broad range of serine protease-targeted activity-based probe (ABP) chemotypes have been developed and we have recently introduced biotinylated and "clickable" peptides containing P1 N-alkyl glycine arginine N-hydroxy succinimidyl (NHS) carbamates as ABPs for detection/profiling of trypsin-like serine proteases. This present study provides synthetic details for the preparation of additional examples of this ABP chemotype, which function as potent irreversible inhibitors of their respective target serine protease. We describe their use for the activity-based profiling of a broad range of serine proteases including trypsin, the trypsin-like protease plasmin, chymotrypsin, cathepsin G, and neutrophil elastase (NE), including the profiling of the latter protease in clinical samples obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Walker
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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5
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Liao AH, Chen YC, Chen CY, Chang SC, Chuang HC, Lin DL, Chiang CP, Wang CH, Wang JK. Mechanisms of ultrasound-microbubble cavitation for inducing the permeability of human skin. J Control Release 2022; 349:388-400. [PMID: 35787912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that ultrasound (US)-mediated microbubble (MB) cavitation (US-MB) changed the permeability of the skin and significantly enhanced transdermal drug delivery (TDD) without changing the structure of the skin. In this study we found that US-MB enhanced TDD via disruption of epidermal cell-cell junctions and increased matriptase activity. Matriptase is a membrane-bound serine protease regulated by its inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1), and it is expressed in most epithelial tissues under physiologic conditions. Matriptase is expressed in mice after chronic exposure to UV radiation. This study found that US-MB can be used to monitor active matriptase, which rapidly formed the canonical 120-kDa matriptase-HAI-1 complex. These processes were observed in HaCaT human keratinocytes when matriptase activation was induced by US-MB. The results of immunoblot analysis indicated that the matriptase-HAI-1 complex can be detected from 10 min to 3 h after US-MB. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of human skin revealed that US-MB rapidly increased the activated matriptase, which was observed in the basal layer, with this elevation lasting 3 h. After 3 h, the activated matriptase extended from the basal layer to the granular layer, and then gradually decayed from 6 to 12 h. Moreover, prostasin expression was observed in the epidermal granular layer to the spinous layer, and became more obvious in the granular layer after 3 h. Prostasin was also detected in the cytoplasm or on the cell membrane after 6 h. These results suggest that matriptase plays an important role in recovering from US-MB-induced epidermal cell-cell junction disruption within 6 h. US-MB is therefore a potentially effective method for noninvasive TDD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ho Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Integrated Burn and Wound Care Center, Department of Surgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
| | - Dao-Lung Lin
- Spirit Scientific Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch (Cayman), 12F-8, No. 99, Sec. 1, Xintai 5th Rd., Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221416, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Chiang
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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6
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Sotiropoulou G, Zingkou E, Pampalakis G. Reconstructing the epidermal proteolytic cascades in health and disease. J Pathol 2022; 257:545-560. [PMID: 35218558 DOI: 10.1002/path.5888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outer stratified epithelium of the skin, forming the physical barrier that is indispensable for homeostasis. Epidermal proteolysis, mainly but not exclusively executed by kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), is tightly regulated to ensure maintenance of physiological skin renewal and an intact skin barrier. Perturbation of epidermal proteolytic networks is implicated in a wide array of rare and common skin pathologies of diverse genetic backgrounds. Recent studies of monogenic human skin diseases and newly developed animal models have revealed new mechanisms of regulation of proteolytic pathways in epidermal physiology and in disease states. These new data have challenged some accepted views, for example the role of matriptase in epidermal desquamation, which turned out to be restricted to mouse skin. The significance of PAR2 signaling in skin inflammation should also be reconsidered in the face of recent findings. Cumulatively, recent studies necessitate a sophisticated redefinition of the proteolytic and signaling pathways that operate in human skin. We elaborate how epidermal proteolysis is finely regulated at multiple levels, and in a spatial manner that was not taken into consideration so far, in which specific proteases are confined to distinct epidermal sublayers. Of interest, transglutaminases have emerged as regulators of epidermal proteolysis and desquamation by spatially fixing endogenous protease inhibitors, constituting regulatory factors that were not recognized before. Furthermore, new evidence suggests a link between proteolysis and lipid metabolism. By synthesis of established notions and recent discoveries, we provide an up-to-date critical parathesis of current knowledge and the extended complexity of proteolysis regulation and signaling pathways in skin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, 265 04, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, 265 04, Greece
| | - Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacology-Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece
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7
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The Effects of Matriptase Inhibition on the Inflammatory and Redox Homeostasis of Chicken Hepatic Cell Culture Models. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050450. [PMID: 33919461 PMCID: PMC8143509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the transmembrane serine protease matriptase is well described in mammals, but it has not been elucidated in avian species yet. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the 3-amidinophenylalanine (3-AphA)-type matriptase inhibitors MI432 and MI460 on the inflammatory and oxidative state of chicken primary hepatocyte mono-cultures and hepatocyte-nonparenchymal cell co-cultures, the latter serving as a proper model of hepatic inflammation in birds. Cell cultures were exposed to MI432 and MI460 for 4 and 24 h at 10, 25, and 50 µM concentrations, and thereafter the cellular metabolic activity, extracellular interleukin (IL-)6, IL-8, H2O2 and malondialdehyde concentrations were monitored. Both inhibitors caused a transient moderate reduction in the metabolic activity following 4 h exposure, which was restored after 24 h, reflecting the fast hepatic adaptation potential to matriptase inhibitor administration. Furthermore, MI432 triggered an intense elevation in the cellular proinflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 production after both incubation times in all concentrations, which was not coupled to enhanced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation based on unchanged H2O2 production, malondialdehyde levels and glutathione peroxidase activity. These data suggest that physiological matriptase activities might have a key function in retaining the metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis of the liver in chicken, without being a major modulator of the hepatocellular redox state.
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8
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Murza A, Dion SP, Boudreault PL, Désilets A, Leduc R, Marsault É. Inhibitors of type II transmembrane serine proteases in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract - A review of patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:807-824. [PMID: 32887532 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1817390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) of the human respiratory tract generate high interest owing to their ability, among other roles, to cleave surface proteins of respiratory viruses. This step is critical in the viral invasion of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19, but also influenza viruses and reoviruses. Accordingly, these cell surface enzymes constitute appealing therapeutic targets to develop host-based therapeutics against respiratory viral diseases. Additionally, their deregulated levels or activity has been described in non-viral diseases such as fibrosis, cancer, and osteoarthritis, making them potential targets in these indications. AREAS COVERED Areas covered: This review includes WIPO-listed patents reporting small molecules and peptide-based inhibitors of type II transmembrane serine proteases of the respiratory tract. EXPERT OPINION Expert opinion: Several TTSPs of the respiratory tract represent attractive pharmacological targets in the treatment of respiratory infectious diseases (notably COVID-19 and influenza), but also against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. The current emphasis is primarily on TMPRSS2, matriptase, and hepsin, yet other TTSPs await validation. Compounds listed herein are predominantly peptidomimetic inhibitors, some with covalent reversible mechanisms of action and high potencies. Their selectivity profile, however, are often only partially characterized. Preclinical data are promising and warrant further advancement in the above diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Murza
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Sébastien P Dion
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Antoine Désilets
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
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9
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Jia B, Thompson HA, Barndt RB, Chiu YL, Lee MJ, Lee SC, Wang JK, Tang HJ, Lin CY, Johnson MD. Mild acidity likely accelerates the physiological matriptase autoactivation process: a comparative study between spontaneous and acid-induced matriptase zymogen activation. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1068-1080. [PMID: 32779152 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological functions of matriptase, a type 2 transmembrane serine protease, rely primarily on its enzymatic activity, which is under tight control through multiple mechanisms. Among those regulatory mechanisms, the control of zymogen activation is arguably the most important. Matriptase zymogen activation not only generates the mature active enzyme but also initiates suppressive mechanisms, such as rapid inhibition by HAI-1, and matriptase shedding. These tightly coupled events allow the potent matriptase tryptic activity to fulfill its biological functions at the same time as limiting undesired hazards. Matriptase is converted to the active enzyme via a process of autoactivation, in which the activational cleavage is thought to rely on the interactions of matriptase zymogen molecules and other as yet identified proteins. Matriptase autoactivation can occur spontaneously and is rapidly followed by the formation and then shedding of matriptase-HAI-1 complexes, resulting in the presence of relatively low levels of the complex on cells. Activation can also be induced by several non-protease factors, such as the exposure of cells to a mildly acidic buffer, which rapidly causes high-level matriptase zymogen activation in almost all cell lines tested. In the current study, the structural requirements for this acid-induced zymogen activation are compared with those required for spontaneous activation through a systematic analysis of the impact of 18 different mutations in various structural domains and motifs on matriptase zymogen activation. Our study reveals that both acid-induced matriptase activation and spontaneous activation depend on the maintenance of the structural integrity of the serine protease domain, non-catalytic domains, and posttranslational modifications. The common requirements of both modes of activation suggest that acid-induced matriptase activation may function as a physiological mechanism to induce pericellular proteolysis by accelerating matriptase autoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Hamishi A Thompson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Robert B Barndt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan
| | - See-Chi Lee
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, No.901, Chung-Hwa Rd. Yung-Kang Dist., Tainan City, 71004, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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10
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Chang SC, Chiang CP, Lai CH, Du PWA, Hung YS, Chen YH, Yang HY, Fang HY, Lee SP, Tang HJ, Wang JK, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Matriptase and prostasin proteolytic activities are differentially regulated in normal and wounded skin. Hum Cell 2020; 33:990-1005. [PMID: 32617892 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Orchestrated control of multiple overlapping and sequential processes is required for the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis and the response to and recovery from a variety of skin insults. Previous studies indicate that membrane-associated serine protease matriptase and prostasin play essential roles in epidermal development, differentiation, and barrier formation. The control of proteolysis is a highly regulated process, which depends not only on gene expression but also on zymogen activation and the balance between protease and protease inhibitor. Subcellular localization can affect the accessibility of protease inhibitors to proteases and, thus, also represents an integral component of the control of proteolysis. To understand how membrane-associated proteolysis is regulated in human skin, these key aspects of matriptase and prostasin were determined in normal and injured human skin by immunohistochemistry. This staining shows that matriptase is expressed predominantly in the zymogen form at the periphery of basal and spinous keratinocytes, and prostasin appears to be constitutively activated at high levels in polarized organelle-like structures of the granular keratinocytes in the adjacent quiescent skin. The membrane-associated proteolysis appears to be elevated via an increase in matriptase zymogen activation and prostasin protein expression in areas of skin recovering from epidermal insults. There was no noticeable change observed in other regulatory aspects, including the expression and tissue distribution of their cognate inhibitors HAI-1 and HAI-2. This study reveals that the membrane-associated proteolysis may be a critical epidermal mechanism involved in responding to, and recovering from, damage to human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Cheng Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Integrated Burn and Wound Care Center, Department of Surgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Chiang
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Ming-Chung E. Rd, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen A Du
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yu-Sin Hung
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Ming-Chung E. Rd, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Ming-Chung E. Rd, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Ming-Chung E. Rd, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Ming-Chung E. Rd, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Pieng Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, No.901, Chung-Hwa Rd., Yung-Kang Dist., Tainan City, 71004, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Ming-Chung E. Rd, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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11
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Poreba M. Protease-activated prodrugs: strategies, challenges, and future directions. FEBS J 2020; 287:1936-1969. [PMID: 31991521 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play critical roles in virtually all biological processes, including proliferation, cell death and survival, protein turnover, and migration. However, when dysregulated, these enzymes contribute to the progression of multiple diseases, with cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and blood disorders being the most prominent examples. For a long time, disease-associated proteases have been used for the activation of various prodrugs due to their well-characterized catalytic activity and ability to selectively cleave only those substrates that strictly correspond with their active site architecture. To date, versatile peptide sequences that are cleaved by proteases in a site-specific manner have been utilized as bioactive linkers for the targeted delivery of multiple types of cargo, including fluorescent dyes, photosensitizers, cytotoxic drugs, antibiotics, and pro-antibodies. This platform is highly adaptive, as multiple protease-labile conjugates have already been developed, some of which are currently in clinical use for cancer treatment. In this review, recent advancements in the development of novel protease-cleavable linkers for selective drug delivery are described. Moreover, the current limitations regarding the selectivity of linkers are discussed, and the future perspectives that rely on the application of unnatural amino acids for the development of highly selective peptide linkers are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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12
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Lin CY, Wang JK, Johnson MD. The spatiotemporal control of human matriptase action on its physiological substrates: a case against a direct role for matriptase proteolytic activity in profilaggrin processing and desquamation. Hum Cell 2020; 33:459-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Rather GM, Lin SY, Lin H, Szekely Z, Bertino JR. A Novel Antibody-Toxin Conjugate to Treat Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:258. [PMID: 31024856 PMCID: PMC6467949 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriptase is a transmembrane serine protease, synthesized as an inactive single-chain zymogen on the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the plasma membrane. Matriptase is activated in different epithelial and some B-cell malignancies and changes its conformation and activity is inhibited mainly by its endogenous inhibitor HAI-1. Activated matriptase plays a key role in tumor initiation as well as tumor progression, including invasiveness, and metastasis. To target the anti-mitotic toxin (monomethyl auristatin-E) to activated matriptase, a novel antibody to activated matriptase was conjugated with this toxin via a valine-citrulline-PABA linker. In a previous study, this antibody-toxin conjugate was found to be effective against triple negative breast cancer cell lines and xenografts, alone, or in combination with cisplatin (1). In this study, we examined the anti-tumor effect of the antibody toxin conjugate (ADC) against activated matriptase positive mantle cell lymphoma cell lines (JeKo-1, Maver, Mino, and Z138). This ADC was cytotoxic to these cell lines with IC50s between 5 and 14 μg/mL. The ADC also showed a dose dependent anti-tumor effect on the JeKo-1 xenograft in mice without toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam M Rather
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Siang-Yo Lin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Hongxia Lin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Zoltan Szekely
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Joseph R Bertino
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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14
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Yan R, Liu M, Hu Y, Wang L, Wang C, Jiang Y, Zhou Q, Qi X, Dong N, Wu Q. Ectopic expression of human airway trypsin-like protease 4 in acute myeloid leukemia promotes cancer cell invasion and tumor growth. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2348-2359. [PMID: 30843660 PMCID: PMC6537003 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane serine proteases have been implicated in the development and progression of solid and hematological cancers. Human airway trypsin-like protease 4 (HAT-L4) is a transmembrane serine protease expressed in epithelial cells and exocrine glands. In the skin, HAT-L4 is important for normal epidermal barrier function. Here, we report an unexpected finding of ectopic HAT-L4 expression in neutrophils and monocytes from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Such expression was not detected in bone marrow cells from normal individuals or patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In AML patients who underwent chemotherapy, persistent HAT-L4 expression in bone marrow cells was associated with minimal residual disease and poor prognostic outcomes. In culture, silencing HAT-L4 expression in AML-derived THP-1 cells by short hairpin RNAs inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation and Matrigel invasion. In mouse xenograft models, inhibition of HAT-L4 expression reduced the proliferation and growth of THP-1 cell-derived tumors. Our results indicate that ectopic HAT-L4 expression is a pathological mechanism in AML and that HAT-L4 may be used as a cell surface marker for AML blast detection and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhong Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yae Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Jiang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China.,Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine of Geriatric Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine of Geriatric Disease, Suzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Activated matriptase as a target to treat breast cancer with a drug conjugate. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25983-25992. [PMID: 29899836 PMCID: PMC5995259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effects of a novel antibody drug conjugate (ADC) was tested against human solid tumor cell lines and against human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts in immunosuppressed mice. The ADC targeting activated matriptase of tumor cells was synthesized by using the potent anti-tubulin toxin, monomethyl auristatin-E linked to the activated matriptase-specific monoclonal antibody (M69) via a lysosomal protease-cleavable dipeptide linker. This ADC was found to be cytotoxic against multiple activated matriptase-positive epithelial carcinoma cell lines in vitro and markedly inhibited growth of triple negative breast cancer xenografts and a primary human TNBC (PDX) in vivo. Overexpression of activated matriptase may be a biomarker for response to this ADC. The ADC had potent anti-tumor activity, while the unconjugated M69 antibody was ineffective in a mouse model study using MDA-MB-231 xenografts in mice. Treatment of a human TNBC (MDA-MB-231) showed potent anti-tumor effects in combination with cisplatin in mice. This ADC alone or in combination with cisplatin has the potential to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with TNBC as well as other tumors overexpressing activated matriptase.
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16
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Gaweł‐Bęben K, Ali N, Ellis V, Velasco G, Poghosyan Z, Ager A, Knäuper V. TMEFF2 shedding is regulated by oxidative stress and mediated by ADAMs and transmembrane serine proteases implicated in prostate cancer. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:273-280. [PMID: 28762604 PMCID: PMC5836882 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TMEFF2 is a type I transmembrane protein with two follistatin (FS) and one EGF-like domain over-expressed in prostate cancer; however its biological role in prostate cancer development and progression remains unclear, which may, at least in part, be explained by its proteolytic processing. The extracellular part of TMEFF2 (TMEFF2-ECD) is cleaved by ADAM17 and the membrane-retained fragment is further processed by the gamma-secretase complex. TMEFF2 shedding is increased with cell crowding, a condition associated with the tumour microenvironment, which was mediated by oxidative stress signalling, requiring jun-kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, we have identified that TMEFF2 is also a novel substrate for other proteases implicated in prostate cancer, including two ADAMs (ADAM9 and ADAM12) and the type II transmembrane serine proteinases (TTSPs) matriptase-1 and hepsin. Whereas cleavage by ADAM9 and ADAM12 generates previously identified TMEFF2-ECD, proteolytic processing by matriptase-1 and hepsin produced TMEFF2 fragments, composed of TMEFF2-ECD or FS and/or EGF-like domains as well as novel membrane retained fragments. Differential TMEFF2 processing from a single transmembrane protein may be a general mechanism to modulate transmembrane protein levels and domains, dependent on the repertoire of ADAMs or TTSPs expressed by the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweł‐Bęben
- School of MedicineUniversity of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow2 Sucharskiego Str.35‐225 RzeszowPoland
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Nazim Ali
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
- School of MedicineUniversity of KeeleKeeleST5 5BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincent Ellis
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUnited Kingdom
| | - Gloria Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain
| | - Zaruhi Poghosyan
- School of MedicineCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ann Ager
- School of MedicineCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Vera Knäuper
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
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17
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Lee SP, Kao CY, Chang SC, Chiu YL, Chen YJ, Chen MHG, Chang CC, Lin YW, Chiang CP, Wang JK, Lin CY, Johnson MD. Tissue distribution and subcellular localizations determine in vivo functional relationship among prostasin, matriptase, HAI-1, and HAI-2 in human skin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192632. [PMID: 29438412 PMCID: PMC5811018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound serine proteases prostasin and matriptase and the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors HAI-1 and HAI-2 are all expressed in human skin and may form a tightly regulated proteolysis network, contributing to skin pathophysiology. Evidence from other systems, however, suggests that the relationship between matriptase and prostasin and between the proteases and the inhibitors can be context-dependent. In this study the in vivo zymogen activation and protease inhibition status of matriptase and prostasin were investigated in the human skin. Immunohistochemistry detected high levels of activated prostasin in the granular layer, but only low levels of activated matriptase restricted to the basal layer. Immunoblot analysis of foreskin lysates confirmed this in vivo zymogen activation status and further revealed that HAI-1 but not HAI-2 is the prominent inhibitor for prostasin and matriptase in skin. The zymogen activation status and location of the proteases does not support a close functional relation between matriptase and prostasin in the human skin. The limited role for HAI-2 in the inhibition of matriptase and prostasin is the result of its primarily intracellular localization in basal and spinous layer keratinocytes, which probably prevents the Kunitz inhibitor from interacting with active prostasin or matriptase. In contrast, the cell surface expression of HAI-1 in all viable epidermal layers renders it an effective regulator for matriptase and prostasin. Collectively, our study suggests the importance of tissue distribution and subcellular localization in the functional relationship between proteases and protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Pieng Lee
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Chia Chang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Chien-Ping Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Reihill JA, Walker B, Hamilton RA, Ferguson TEG, Elborn JS, Stutts MJ, Harvey BJ, Saint-Criq V, Hendrick SM, Martin SL. Inhibition of Protease-Epithelial Sodium Channel Signaling Improves Mucociliary Function in Cystic Fibrosis Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:701-10. [PMID: 27014936 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201511-2216oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In cystic fibrosis (CF) a reduction in airway surface liquid (ASL) height compromises mucociliary clearance, favoring mucus plugging and chronic bacterial infection. Inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) have therapeutic potential in CF airways to reduce hyperstimulated sodium and fluid absorption to levels that can restore airway hydration. OBJECTIVES To determine whether a novel compound (QUB-TL1) designed to inhibit protease/ENaC signaling in CF airways restores ASL volume and mucociliary function. METHODS Protease activity was measured using fluorogenic activity assays. Differentiated primary airway epithelial cell cultures (F508del homozygotes) were used to determined ENaC activity (Ussing chamber recordings), ASL height (confocal microscopy), and mucociliary function (by tracking the surface flow of apically applied microbeads). Cell toxicity was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS QUB-TL1 inhibits extracellularly located channel activating proteases (CAPs), including prostasin, matriptase, and furin, the activities of which are observed at excessive levels at the apical surface of CF airway epithelial cells. QUB-TL1-mediated CAP inhibition results in diminished ENaC-mediated Na(+) absorption in CF airway epithelial cells caused by internalization of a prominent pool of cleaved (active) ENaCγ from the cell surface. Importantly, diminished ENaC activity correlates with improved airway hydration status and mucociliary clearance. We further demonstrate QUB-TL1-mediated furin inhibition, which is in contrast to other serine protease inhibitors (camostat mesylate and aprotinin), affords protection against neutrophil elastase-mediated ENaC activation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS QUB-TL1 corrects aberrant CAP activities, providing a mechanism to delay or prevent the development of CF lung disease in a manner independent of CF transmembrane conductance regulator mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Reihill
- 1 Biomolecular Sciences Research Group, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Brian Walker
- 1 Biomolecular Sciences Research Group, School of Pharmacy, and
| | | | | | - J Stuart Elborn
- 2 School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - M Jackson Stutts
- 3 Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Brian J Harvey
- 4 Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI-ERC Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vinciane Saint-Criq
- 4 Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI-ERC Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan M Hendrick
- 4 Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI-ERC Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Fanton N, Santoro D, Cornegliani L, Marsella R. Increased filaggrin-metabolizing enzyme activity in atopic skin: a pilot study using a canine model of atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:479-e111. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fanton
- Clinica Veterinaria San Siro; via Lampugnano 99 Milano 20151 Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16 Ave. Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | | | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16 Ave. Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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20
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Ko CJ, Lan SW, Lu YC, Cheng TS, Lai PF, Tsai CH, Hsu TW, Lin HY, Shyu HY, Wu SR, Lin HH, Hsiao PW, Chen CH, Huang HP, Lee MS. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2-mediated matriptase activation contributes to the suppression of prostate cancer cell motility and metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4597-4609. [PMID: 28368394 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in generating prostaglandins causing inflammation, is often found to be overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is correlated with PCa cell invasion and metastasis. We aim to investigate the molecular mechanism of how COX-2 promotes PCa cell invasion and metastasis and to evaluate the effect of COX-2 inhibitors in a selected model of PCa progression. Our results showed that the expression of COX-2 and Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) was upregulated in highly invasive PCa cells and was correlated with the activated levels of membrane-anchored serine protease matriptase. The expression levels of COX-2 were increased and were correlated with matriptase levels in PCa specimens. Moreover, results showed that COX-2 overexpression or a COX-2 product Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) caused an increase in matriptase activation and PCa cell invasion, whereas COX-2 silencing antagonized matriptase activation and cell invasion. In addition, the inhibition of COX-2-mediated matriptase activation by Celebrex and sulindac sulfide suppressed the androgen-independent and COX2-overexpressing PCa PC-3 cell invasion, tumor growth and lung metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft model. Our results indicate that COX-2/matriptase signaling contributes to the invasion, tumor growth and metastasis of COX-2-overexpressing and androgen-independent PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-W Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-S Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-F Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Tsai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-W Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Shyu
- Bureau of Investigation, Ministry of Justice, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-R Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-H Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-W Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-P Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Shiao F, Liu LCO, Huang N, Lai YJJ, Barndt RJ, Tseng CC, Wang JK, Jia B, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Selective Inhibition of Prostasin in Human Enterocytes by the Integral Membrane Kunitz-Type Serine Protease Inhibitor HAI-2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170944. [PMID: 28125689 PMCID: PMC5268426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-2 in humans cause sodium loss in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in patients with syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea (SCSD). Aberrant regulation of HAI-2 target protease(s) was proposed as the cause of the disease. Here functional linkage of HAI-2 with two membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin was analyzed in Caco-2 cells and the human GI tract. Immunodepletion-immunoblot analysis showed that significant proportion of HAI-2 is in complex with activated prostasin but not matriptase. Unexpectedly, prostasin is expressed predominantly in activated forms and was also detected in complex with HAI-1, a Kunitz inhibitor highly related to HAI-2. Immunohistochemistry showed a similar tissue distribution of prostasin and HAI-2 immunoreactivity with the most intense labeling near the brush borders of villus epithelial cells. In contrast, matriptase was detected primarily at the lateral plasma membrane, where HAI-1 was also detected. The tissue distribution profiles of immunoreactivity against these proteins, when paired with the species detected suggests that prostasin is under tight control by both HAI-1 and HAI-2 and matriptase by HAI-1 in human enterocytes. Furthermore, HAI-1 is a general inhibitor of prostasin in a variety of epithelial cells. In contrast, HAI-2 was not found to be a significant inhibitor for prostasin in mammary epithelial cells or keratinocytes. The high levels of constitutive prostasin zymogen activation and the selective prostasin inhibition by HAI-2 in enterocytes suggest that dysregulated prostasin proteolysis may be particularly important in the GI tract when HAI-2 function is lost and/or dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Shiao
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Li-Ching O. Liu
- College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nanxi Huang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Ying-Jung J. Lai
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Barndt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Chun-Che Tseng
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JKW); (CYL)
| | - Bailing Jia
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JKW); (CYL)
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22
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Natural Endogenous Human Matriptase and Prostasin Undergo Zymogen Activation via Independent Mechanisms in an Uncoupled Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167894. [PMID: 27936035 PMCID: PMC5148038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-associated serine proteases matriptase and prostasin are believed to function in close partnership. Their zymogen activation has been reported to be tightly coupled, either as a matriptase-initiated proteolytic cascade or through a mutually dependent mechanism involving the formation of a reciprocal zymogen activation complex. Here we show that this putative relationship may not apply in the context of human matriptase and prostasin. First, the tightly coupled proteolytic cascade between matriptase and prostasin might not occur when modest matriptase activation is induced by sphingosine 1-phospahte in human mammary epithelial cells. Second, prostasin is not required and/or involved in matriptase autoactivation because matriptase can undergo zymogen activation in cells that do not endogenously express prostasin. Third, matriptase is not required for and/or involved in prostasin activation, since activated prostasin can be detected in cells expressing no endogenous matriptase. Finally, matriptase and prostasin both undergo zymogen activation through an apparently un-coupled mechanism in cells endogenously expressing both proteases, such as in Caco-2 cells. In these human enterocytes, matriptase is detected primarily in the zymogen form and prostasin predominantly as the activated form, either in complexes with protease inhibitors or as the free active form. The negligible levels of prostasin zymogen with high levels of matriptase zymogen suggests that the reciprocal zymogen activation complex is likely not the mechanism for matriptase zymogen activation. Furthermore, high level prostasin activation still occurs in Caco-2 variants with reduced or absent matriptase expression, indicating that matriptase is not required and/or involved in prostasin zymogen activation. Collectively, these data suggest that any functional relationship between natural endogenous human matriptase and prostasin does not occur at the level of zymogen activation.
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Lai CH, Chang SC, Chen YJ, Wang YJJ, Lai YJJ, Chang HHD, Berens EB, Johnson MD, Wang JK, Lin CY. Matriptase and prostasin are expressed in human skin in an inverse trend over the course of differentiation and are targeted to different regions of the plasma membrane. Biol Open 2016; 5:1380-1387. [PMID: 27543057 PMCID: PMC5087689 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Matriptase and prostasin, acting as a tightly coupled proteolytic cascade, were reported to be required for epidermal barrier formation in mouse skin. Here we show that, in human skin, matriptase and prostasin are expressed with an inverse pattern over the course of differentiation. Matriptase was detected primarily in epidermal basal keratinocytes and the basaloid cells in the outer root sheath of hair follicles and the sebaceous gland, where prostasin was not detected. In contrast, prostasin was detected primarily in differentiated cells in the epidermal granular layer, the inner root sheath of hair follicles, and the sebaceous gland, where matriptase expression is negligible. While co-expressed in the middle stage of differentiation, prostasin was detected as polarized patches, and matriptase at intercellular junctions. Targeting to different subcellular localizations is also observed in HaCaT human keratinocytes, in which matriptase was detected primarily at intercellular junctions, and prostasin primarily on membrane protrusion. Furthermore, upon induction of zymogen activation, free active prostasin remains cell-associated and free active matriptase is rapidly shed into the extracellular milieu. Our data suggest that matriptase and prostasin likely function as independent entities in human skin rather than as a tightly coupled proteolytic cascade as observed in mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital. School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie J Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jun J Lai
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Hsiang-Hua D Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric B Berens
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC 20057, USA
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Chen CY, Chen CJ, Lai CH, Wu BY, Lee SP, Johnson MD, Lin CY, Wang JK. Increased matriptase zymogen activation by UV irradiation protects keratinocyte from cell death. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Chen YW, Yin S, Lai YJJ, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Plasminogen-Dependent Matriptase Activation Accelerates Plasmin Generation by Differentiating Primary Human Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1210-1218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maiwald A, Hammami M, Wagner S, Heine A, Klebe G, Steinmetzer T. Changing the selectivity profile – from substrate analog inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa to potent matriptase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:89-97. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1172574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maiwald
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maya Hammami
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heine
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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Changes in the distribution of type II transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2 and in paracellular permeability in IPEC-J2 cells exposed to oxidative stress. Inflammation 2015; 38:775-83. [PMID: 25097076 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oxidative stress on barrier integrity and localization of transmembrane serine proteinase 2 (TMPRSS2) were studied using porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells on membrane inserts. Increased paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran 4 kDa (fluorescence intensity 43,508 ± 2,391 versus 3,550 ± 759) and that of gentamicin (3.41 ± 0.06 % increase to controls) were measured parallel with the reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (23.3 ± 4.06 % decrease) of cell layers 6 h after 1 h 1 mM H2O2 treatment. The immunohistochemical localization of adherens junctional β-catenin was not affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 4 mM H2O2. Peroxide-triggered enhanced paracellular permeability of IPEC-J2 cell layer was accompanied by predominantly cytoplasmic occurrence of TMPRSS2 embedded in cell membrane under physiological conditions. These results support that ROS can influence paracellular gate opening via multifaceted mode of action without involvement of β-catenin redistribution in adherens junction. Altered distribution pattern of TMPRSS2 and relocalized transmembrane serine protease activity may contribute to weakening of epithelial barrier integrity under acute oxidative stress.
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Goswami R, Wohlfahrt G, Mukherjee S, Ghadiyaram C, Nagaraj J, Satyam LK, Subbarao K, Gopinath S, Krishnamurthy NR, Subramanya HS, Ramachandra M. Discovery of O-(3-carbamimidoylphenyl)-l-serine amides as matriptase inhibitors using a fragment-linking approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:616-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chou FP, Chen YW, Zhao XF, Xu-Monette ZY, Young KH, Gartenhaus RB, Wang JK, Kataoka H, Zuo AH, Barndt RJ, Johnson M, Lin CY. Imbalanced matriptase pericellular proteolysis contributes to the pathogenesis of malignant B-cell lymphomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 183:1306-17. [PMID: 24070417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-associated serine protease matriptase is widely expressed by epithelial/carcinoma cells in which its proteolytic activity is tightly controlled by the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI-1). We demonstrate that, although matriptase is not expressed in lymphoid hyperplasia, roughly half of the non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas analyzed express significant amounts of matriptase. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these tumors express matriptase in the absence of HAI-1. Aggressive Burkitt lymphoma was more likely than indolent follicular lymphoma to express matriptase alone (86% versus 36%). In the absence of significant HAI-1 expression, the lymphoma cells activate and shed active matriptase when the cells are stimulated with mildly acidic buffer or the hypoxia-mimicking agent, CoCl2. The shed active matriptase can initiate pericellular proteolytic cascades by activating urokinase-type plasminogen activator on the cell surface of monocytes, and it can activate prohepatocyte growth factor. In addition, matriptase knockdown suppressed proliferation and colony-forming ability of neoplastic B cells in culture and growth as tumor xenografts in mice. Furthermore, exogenous expression of HAI-1 significantly suppressed proliferation of neoplastic B cells. These studies suggest that dysregulated pericellular proteolysis as a result of unregulated matriptase expression with limited HAI-1 may contribute to the pathological characteristics of several human B-cell lymphomas through modulation of the tumor microenvironment and enhanced tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Pai Chou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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HAI-2 suppresses the invasive growth and metastasis of prostate cancer through regulation of matriptase. Oncogene 2013; 33:4643-52. [PMID: 24121274 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell surface proteolysis has been strongly implicated in tumorigenicity and metastasis. In this study, we delineated the role of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) in prostate cancer (PCa) cell migration, invasion, tumorigenicity and metastasis using a human PCa progression model (103E, N1, and N2 cells) and xenograft models. N1 and N2 cells were established through serial intraprostatic propagation of 103E human PCa cells and isolation of the metastatic cells from nearby lymph nodes. The invasion capability of these cells was revealed to gradually increase throughout the serial isolations (103E<N1<N2). In this series of cells, the expression of HAI-2 but not HAI-1 was significantly decreased throughout the progression and occurred in parallel with increased activation of matriptase. The expression level and activity of matriptase increased whereas the HAI-2 protein level decreased over the course of orthotopic tumor growth in mice, which was consistent with the immunohistochemical profiles of matriptase and HAI-2 in archival PCa specimens. Knockdown of matriptase reduced the PCa cell invasion induced by HAI-2 knockdown. HAI-2 overexpression or matriptase silencing in N2 cells downregulated matriptase activity and significantly decreased tumorigenicity and metastatic capability in orthotopically xenografted mice. These results suggest that during the progression of human PCa, matriptase activity is primarily controlled by HAI-2 expression. The imbalance between HAI-2 and matriptase expression led to matriptase activation, thereby increasing cell migration, invasion, tumorigenicity and metastasis.
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Wu BY, Lee SP, Hsiao HC, Chiu H, Chen CY, Yeo YH, Lee HS, Chen YW, Kaul M, Kataoka H, Johnson MD, Wang JK, Lin CY. Matriptase expression and zymogen activation in human pilosebaceous unit. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 62:50-9. [PMID: 24004857 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413505599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of human genetic disorders and mouse models reveal the important roles of matriptase in hair growth. Here, we investigate matriptase expression and zymogen activation in hair follicles. We show: 1) layer-dependent distribution patterns, with much higher matriptase expression in cells of the outer root sheath and matrix cells of the hair bulb than in cells of the inner root sheath; 2) cycle-dependent expression patterns, with matriptase expressed in the anagen and catagen phases of the hair lifecycle, but not in the telogen phase; 3) reduced expression of the matriptase inhibitor, HAI-1, in the catagen phase, suggesting increased proteolytic activity in this phase; and 4) definitive matriptase zymogen activation patterns, with the highest matriptase activation observed in matrix cells and outer root sheath cells in the isthmus/bulge region. In sebaceous glands, matriptase is highly expressed in basal and ductal cells, with much lower expression in the differentiated, lipid-filled cells of the interior. We also show that matriptase potently activates hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in vitro, and that the HGF receptor, c-Met, is co-expressed in those cells that express activated matriptase. Our observations suggest that the matriptase-HGF-c-MET pathway has the potential to be engaged, primarily in proliferative cells rather than terminally differentiated epithelial cells of the human pilosebaceous unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, (BYW), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Matriptase regulates proliferation and early, but not terminal, differentiation of human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:405-414. [PMID: 23900022 PMCID: PMC3925676 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic defects in matriptase are linked to two congenital ichthyoses: autosomal recessive ichthyosis with hypotrichosis (ARIH, OMIM 610765) and ichthyosis, follicular atrophoderma, hypotrichosis, and hypohidrosis (IFAH, OMIM 602400). Mouse models with matriptase deficiency indicate an involvement of matriptase in suprabasal keratinocytes in the maintenance of the epidermal barrier. In contrast to what has been reported for mouse skin, we show that in human skin matriptase is primarily expressed in the basal and spinous keratinocytes, but not in the more differentiated keratinocytes of the granular layer. In addition, matriptase zymogen activation was predominantly detected in the basal cells. Furthermore, by using skin organotypic cultures as a model system to monitor the course of human epidermal differentiation, we found elevated matriptase zymogen activation during early stages of epidermal differentiation, coupled with a loss of matriptase expression in the late stages of this process. We also show here that matriptase deficiency in HaCaT cells modestly reduces cell proliferation and temporally affects calcium-induced expression of differentiation markers. These collective data suggest that, unlike mouse matriptase, human matriptase may be involved in the regulation of keratinocyte growth and early differentiation, rather than terminal differentiation, providing mechanistic insights into the pathology of the two congenital ichthyoses: ARIH and IFAH.
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Antithrombin regulates matriptase activity involved in plasmin generation, syndecan shedding, and HGF activation in keratinocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62826. [PMID: 23675430 PMCID: PMC3652837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriptase, a membrane-associated serine protease, plays an essential role in epidermal barrier function through activation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored serine protease prostasin. The matriptase-prostasin proteolytic cascade is tightly regulated by hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1 such that matriptase autoactivation and prostasin activation occur simultaneously and are followed immediately by the inhibition of both enzymes by HAI-1. However, the mechanisms whereby matriptase acts on extracellular substrates remain elusive. Here we report that some active matriptase can escape HAI-1 inhibition by being rapidly shed from the cell surface. In the pericellular environment, shed active matriptase is able to activate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), accelerate plasminogen activation, and shed syndecan 1. The amount of active matriptase shed is inversely correlated with the amount of antithrombin (AT) bound to the surface of the keratinocytes. Binding of AT to the surface of keratinocytes is dependent on a functional heparin binding site, Lys-125, and that the N-glycosylation site Asn-135 be unglycosylated. This suggests that β-AT, and not α-AT, is responsible for regulation of pericellular matriptase activity in keratinocytes. Keratinocytes appear to rely on AT to regulate the level of pericellular active matriptase much more than breast and prostate epithelial cells in which AT regulation of matriptase activity occurs at much lower levels than keratinocytes. These results suggest that keratinocytes employ two distinct serine protease inhibitors to control the activation and processing of two different sets of matriptase substrates leading to different biological events: 1) HAI-1 for prostasin activation/inhibition, and 2) AT for the pericellular proteolysis involved in HGF activation, accelerating plasminogen activation, and shedding of syndecans.
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The matriptase-prostasin proteolytic cascade in epithelial development and pathology. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:245-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chou FP, Xu H, Lee MS, Chen YW, Richards OXD, Swanson R, Olson ST, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Matriptase is inhibited by extravascular antithrombin in epithelial cells but not in most carcinoma cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C1093-103. [PMID: 21795523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00122.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin, a major anticoagulant, is robustly transported into extravascular compartments where its target proteases are largely unknown. This serpin was previously detected in human milk as complexes with matriptase, a membrane-bound serine protease broadly expressed in epithelial and carcinoma cells, and under tight regulation by hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1, a transmembrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor that forms heat-sensitive complexes with active matriptase. In the current study, we detect, in addition to matriptase-HAI-1 complexes, heat-resistant matriptase complexes generated by nontransformed mammary, prostate, and epidermal epithelial cells that we show to be matriptase-antithrombin complexes. These findings suggest that in addition to HAI-1, interstitial antithrombin participates in the regulation of matriptase activity in epithelial cells. This physiological mechanism appears, however, to largely be lost in cancer cells since matriptase-antithrombin complexes were not detected in all but two of a panel of seven breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer cell lines. Using purified active matriptase, we further characterize the formation of matriptase-antithrombin complex and show that heparin can significantly potentiate the inhibitory potency of antithrombin against matriptase. Second-order rate constants for the inhibition were determined to be 3.9 × 10(3) M(-1)s(-1) in the absence of heparin and 1.2 × 10(5) M(-1)s(-1) in the presence of heparin, a 30-fold increase, consistent with the established role of heparin in activating antithrombin function. Taken together these data suggest that normal epithelial cells employ a dual mechanism involving HAI-1 and antithrombin to control matriptase and that the antithrombin-based mechanism appears lost in the majority of carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Pai Chou
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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