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Bellissimo CA, Gandhi S, Castellani LN, Murugathasan M, Delfinis LJ, Thuhan A, Garibotti MC, Seo Y, Rebalka IA, Hsu HH, Sweeney G, Hawke TJ, Abdul-Sater AA, Perry CGR. The slow-release adiponectin analog ALY688-SR modifies early-stage disease development in the D2. mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1011-C1026. [PMID: 38145301 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00638.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is associated with respiratory and limb muscle atrophy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Current standard of care partially delays the progression of this myopathy but there remains an unmet need to develop additional therapies. Adiponectin receptor agonism has emerged as a possible therapeutic target to lower inflammation and improve metabolism in mdx mouse models of DMD but the degree to which fibrosis and atrophy are prevented remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the recently developed slow-release peptidomimetic adiponectin analog, ALY688-SR, remodels the diaphragm of murine model of DMD on DBA background (D2.mdx) mice treated from days 7-28 of age during early stages of disease. ALY688-SR also lowered interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA but increased IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein contents in diaphragm, suggesting dynamic inflammatory remodeling. ALY688-SR alleviated mitochondrial redox stress by decreasing complex I-stimulated H2O2 emission. Treatment also attenuated fibrosis, fiber type-specific atrophy, and in vitro diaphragm force production in diaphragm suggesting a complex relationship between adiponectin receptor activity, muscle remodeling, and force-generating properties during the very early stages of disease progression in murine model of DMD on DBA background (D2.mdx) mice. In tibialis anterior, the modest fibrosis at this young age was not altered by treatment, and atrophy was not apparent at this young age. These results demonstrate that short-term treatment of ALY688-SR in young D2.mdx mice partially prevents fibrosis and fiber type-specific atrophy and lowers force production in the more disease-apparent diaphragm in relation to lower mitochondrial redox stress and heterogeneous responses in certain inflammatory markers. These diverse muscle responses to adiponectin receptor agonism in early stages of DMD serve as a foundation for further mechanistic investigations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There are limited therapies for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. As fibrosis involves an accumulation of collagen that replaces muscle fibers, antifibrotics may help preserve muscle function. We report that the novel adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688-SR prevents fibrosis in the diaphragm of D2.mdx mice with short-term treatment early in disease progression. These responses were related to altered inflammation and mitochondrial functions and serve as a foundation for the development of this class of therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Diaphragm/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Atrophy/metabolism
- Atrophy/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Bellissimo
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shivam Gandhi
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura N Castellani
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mayoorey Murugathasan
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luca J Delfinis
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arshdeep Thuhan
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison C Garibotti
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeji Seo
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry H Hsu
- Allysta Pharmaceuticals Inc, Bellevue, Washington, United States
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Cho S, Dadson K, Sung HK, Ayansola O, Mirzaesmaeili A, Noskovicova N, Zhao Y, Cheung K, Radisic M, Hinz B, Sater AAA, Hsu HH, Lopaschuk GD, Sweeney G. Cardioprotection by the adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688 in a preclinical mouse model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116119. [PMID: 38181714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adiponectin has been shown to mediate cardioprotective effects and levels are typically reduced in patients with cardiometabolic disease. Hence, there has been intense interest in developing adiponectin-based therapeutics. The aim of this translational research study was to examine the functional significance of targeting adiponectin signaling with the adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688 in a mouse model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and the mechanisms of cardiac remodeling leading to cardioprotection. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce left ventricular pressure overload (PO), or sham surgery, with or without daily subcutaneous ALY688-SR administration. Temporal analysis of cardiac function was conducted via weekly echocardiography for 5 weeks and we observed that ALY688 attenuated the PO-induced dysfunction. ALY688 also reduced cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, assessed via LV mass, heart weight to body weight ratio, cardiomyocyte cross sectional area, ANP and BNP levels. ALY688 also attenuated PO-induced changes in myosin light and heavy chain expression. Collagen content and myofibroblast profile indicated that fibrosis was attenuated by ALY688 with TIMP1 and scleraxis/periostin identified as potential mechanistic contributors. ALY688 reduced PO-induced elevation in circulating cytokines including IL-5, IL-13 and IL-17, and the chemoattractants MCP-1, MIP-1β, MIP-1alpha and MIP-3α. Assessment of myocardial transcript levels indicated that ALY688 suppressed PO-induced elevations in IL-6, TLR-4 and IL-1β, collectively indicating anti-inflammatory effects. Targeted metabolomic profiling indicated that ALY688 increased fatty acid mobilization and oxidation, increased betaine and putrescine plus decreased sphingomyelin and lysophospholipids, a profile indicative of improved insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the adiponectin mimetic peptide ALY688 reduced PO-induced fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction and represents a promising therapeutic approach for treating HFrEF in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungji Cho
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Dadson
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ali Mirzaesmaeili
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina Noskovicova
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E2, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Krisco Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E2, Canada; Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henry H Hsu
- Allysta Pharmaceuticals Inc. Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Guo L, Quan M, Pang W, Yin Y, Li F. Cytokines and exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle-adipose crosstalk. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:666-681. [PMID: 37599201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues (ATs) are secretory organs that release secretory factors including cytokines and exosomes. These factors mediate muscle-adipose crosstalk to regulate systemic metabolism via paracrine and endocrine pathways. Myokines and adipokines are cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle and ATs, respectively. Exosomes loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, lipid droplets, and organelles can fuse with the cytoplasm of target cells to perform regulatory functions. A major regulatory component of exosomes is miRNA. In addition, numerous novel myokines and adipokines have been identified through technological innovations. These discoveries have identified new biomarkers and sparked new insights into the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle growth and adipose deposition. The knowledge may contribute to potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Zangiabadi S, Chamoun KP, Nguyen K, Tang Y, Sweeney G, Abdul-Sater AA. Copper infused fabric attenuates inflammation in macrophages. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287741. [PMID: 37713400 PMCID: PMC10503751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While inflammation is an important immune response for protection from infections, excessive or prolonged inflammation can lead to a variety of debilitating diseases including skin disease, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Inflammation is a graded response that is typically initiated when resident macrophages sense the presence of pathogens or damage in the tissue and produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to kill the pathogen, clear debris and dead tissue, and initiate tissue repair. Here we show that copper-infused fabrics can prevent inflammation by blocking the production of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages after being exposed to LPS, a component of bacterial cell wall. Mechanistically, we show that copper-infused fabrics can significantly reduce the NF-κB and IRF3 activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Given the importance of excessive inflammation in diabetes, we show that copper can reduce insulin resistance mediated by inflammatory cytokines in muscle cells. Our data show that copper infused fabrics may be useful to reduce excessive inflammation in macrophages and improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Zangiabadi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Khalil P. Chamoun
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Khang Nguyen
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yitian Tang
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A. Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Bellissimo CA, Castellani LN, Finch MS, Murugathasan M, Gandhi S, Sweeney G, Abdul‐Sater AA, MacPherson REK, Perry CGR. Memory impairment in the D2.mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is prevented by the adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1108-1117. [PMID: 37415288 PMCID: PMC10988430 DOI: 10.1113/ep091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Can adiponectin receptor agonism improve recognition memory in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? What is the main finding and its importance? Short-term treatment with the new adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688 improves recognition memory in D2.mdx mice. This finding suggests that further investigation into adiponectin receptor agonism is warranted, given that there remains an unmet need for clinical approaches to treat this cognitive dysfunction in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ABSTRACT Memory impairments have been well documented in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and there is an unmet need to develop new therapies to treat this condition. Using a novel object recognition test, we show that recognition memory impairments in D2.mdx mice are completely prevented by daily treatment with the new adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688 from day 7 to 28 of age. In comparison to age-matched wild-type mice, untreated D2.mdx mice demonstrated lower hippocampal mitochondrial respiration (carbohydrate substrate), greater serum interleukin-6 cytokine content and greater hippocampal total tau and Raptor protein contents. Each of these measures was partly or fully preserved after treatment with ALY688. Collectively, these results indicate that adiponectin receptor agonism improves recognition memory in young D2.mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Bellissimo
- School of Kinesiology & Health ScienceYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoCanada
| | - Laura N. Castellani
- School of Kinesiology & Health ScienceYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoCanada
| | - Michael S. Finch
- Department of Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesONCanada
| | - Mayoorey Murugathasan
- School of Kinesiology & Health ScienceYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoCanada
| | - Shivam Gandhi
- School of Kinesiology & Health ScienceYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoCanada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoCanada
- Department of BiologyYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ali A. Abdul‐Sater
- School of Kinesiology & Health ScienceYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoCanada
| | | | - Christopher G. R. Perry
- School of Kinesiology & Health ScienceYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoCanada
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6
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Dubuisson N, Versele R, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA, Selvais CM, Noel L, Planchon C, Van den Bergh PYK, Brichard SM, Abou-Samra M. The Adiponectin Receptor Agonist, ALY688: A Promising Therapeutic for Fibrosis in the Dystrophic Muscle. Cells 2023; 12:2101. [PMID: 37626911 PMCID: PMC10453606 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most devastating myopathies, where severe inflammation exacerbates disease progression. Previously, we demonstrated that adiponectin (ApN), a hormone with powerful pleiotropic effects, can efficiently improve the dystrophic phenotype. However, its practical therapeutic application is limited. In this study, we investigated ALY688, a small peptide ApN receptor agonist, as a potential novel treatment for DMD. Four-week-old mdx mice were subcutaneously treated for two months with ALY688 and then compared to untreated mdx and wild-type mice. In vivo and ex vivo tests were performed to assess muscle function and pathophysiology. Additionally, in vitro tests were conducted on human DMD myotubes. Our results showed that ALY688 significantly improved the physical performance of mice and exerted potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic actions on the dystrophic muscle. Additionally, ALY688 hampered myonecrosis, partly mediated by necroptosis, and enhanced the myogenic program. Some of these effects were also recapitulated in human DMD myotubes. ALY688's protective and beneficial properties were mainly mediated by the AMPK-PGC-1α axis, which led to suppression of NF-κβ and TGF-β. Our results demonstrate that an ApN mimic may be a promising and effective therapeutic prospect for a better management of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubuisson
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Romain Versele
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Maria A. Davis-López de Carrizosa
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Camille M. Selvais
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Laurence Noel
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Chloé Planchon
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Peter Y. K. Van den Bergh
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Sonia M. Brichard
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Michel Abou-Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (N.D.); (R.V.); (M.A.D.-L.d.C.); (C.M.S.); (L.N.); (C.P.); (S.M.B.)
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Gong Q, Yin J, Wang M, Zha C, Yu D, Yang S, Feng Y, Li J, Du L. Anemoside B4 Exerts Hypoglycemic Effect by Regulating the Expression of GLUT4 in HFD/STZ Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030968. [PMID: 36770636 PMCID: PMC9921942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemoside B4 (B4) is a saponin that is extracted from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.), and Regel exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. However, its hypoglycemic activity in diabetes mellitus has not been evaluated. Here, we explored the effect of B4 on hyperglycemia and studied its underlying mechanism of lowering blood glucose based on hyperglycemic rats in vivo and L6 skeletal muscle cells (L6) in vitro. The rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for one month, combined with an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to construct the animal model, and the drug was administrated for two weeks. Blood glucose was detected and the proteins and mRNA were expressed. Our study showed that B4 significantly diminished fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improved glucose metabolism. In addition, B4 facilitated glucose utilization in L6 cells. B4 could enhance the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in rat skeletal muscle and L6 cells. Mechanistically, B4 elevated the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Furthermore, we confirmed the effect of B4 on glucose uptake involved in the enhancement of GLUT4 expression in part due to PI3K/AKT signaling by using a small molecule inhibitor assay and constructing a GLUT4 promoter plasmid. Taken together, our study found that B4 ameliorates hyperglycemia through the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes GLUT4 initiation, showing a new perspective of B4 as a potential agent against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gong
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jilei Yin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Union Technical Institute Lianyungang Branch, Lianyungang 222007, China
| | - Mulan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chengliang Zha
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dong Yu
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.D.); Tel.:+86-180-7009-0101 (J.L.); +791-8711-9785 (L.D.)
| | - Lijun Du
- School of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation, Nanchang 330006, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.D.); Tel.:+86-180-7009-0101 (J.L.); +791-8711-9785 (L.D.)
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8
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Xu Y, Zhu H, Li W, Chen D, Xu Y, Xu A, Ye D. Targeting adipokines in polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic disorders: from experimental insights to clinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108284. [PMID: 36162728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 15% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It is the most prevalent endocrine disorder with marked risks for female infertility, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), psychiatric disorders and gynecological cancers. Although the pathophysiology of PCOS remains largely elusive, growing evidence suggests a close link with obesity and its related metabolic disorders. As a highly active endocrine cell population, hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity have disturbed production of a vast array of adipokines, biologically active peptides that exert pleiotropic effects on homeostatic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In parallel with their crucial roles in the pathophysiology of obesity-induced metabolic diseases, adipokines have recently been identified as promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases. Current treatments for PCOS are suboptimal with insufficient alleviation of all symptoms. Novel findings in adipokine-targeted agents may provide important insight into the development of new drugs for PCOS. This Review presents an overview of the current understanding of mechanisms that link PCOS to obesity and highlights emerging evidence of adipose-ovary crosstalk as a pivotal mediator of PCOS pathogenesis. We summarize recent findings of preclinical and clinical studies that reveal the therapeutic potential of adipokine-targeted novel approaches to PCOS and its related metabolic disorders. We also discuss the critical gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to guide the development of adipokine-based novel therapies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chronic Central Leptin Infusion Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Related to the Activation of Insulin Signaling in the Gastrocnemius of Male Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071465. [PMID: 35884769 PMCID: PMC9312815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is involved in the modulation of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, being closely associated with changes in lipid metabolism. This adipokine modifies inflammatory pathways that can interact with insulin targets in peripheral organs; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Inflammatory and insulin signaling targets, cytokines, adiponectin, irisin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and enzymes of fatty acid anabolism were studied in the gastrocnemius of chronic centrally infused leptin (L), pair-fed and control rats. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was reduced in L rats (59% and 58%, respectively). The phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and Akt and adiponectin and irisin content was increased in L rats (154%, 157%, 308% and 329%, respectively). The levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the mRNA content of acetyl Co-A carboxylase and NEFA concentrations were diminished in the muscles of L rats (59%, 50% and 61%, respectively). The activation of JNK correlated positively with STAT3 phosphorylation, tumoral necrosis factor-α and NEFA and negatively with irisin and Akt phosphorylation. These data suggest that the activation of insulin signaling targets and a decrease in NEFA content are associated with a reduction in muscle inflammation parameters, suggesting that leptin may integrate these pathways.
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