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Dong L, Zhang N, Chen J, Dong P, Mao N, Li H, Wang A. Triiodothyronine (T3) suppresses hepatic tumorigenesis and development by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1988-2000. [PMID: 39031486 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the phosphorylation of ERK and the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial and remains to be clarified. In the present study, both in vitro (hepatoma cell lines) and in vivo (wild-type mice [WT] and mouse models of HCC [HrasG12Vand KrasG12Dtransgenic mice (Hras-Tg and Kras-Tg)]) systems were used to investigate the effect of T3 on p-ERK and hepatocarcinogenesis. The results showed that, in vitro, T3 treatment elevated the levels of p-ERK in hepatoma cells within 30 min. However, p-ERK levels returned to normal after 1 h with no significant effects on cellular proliferation or apoptosis. Interestingly, in vivo, T3 induced early rapid and transient activation of ERK and later persistent downregulation of p-ERK in liver tissues of WT. In Hras-Tg, liver weight, liver/body weight ratio, hepatic tumor numbers and sizes were significantly reduced withT3treatment compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, the levels of albumin, HrasG12V, and p-ERK in hepatic precancerous and tumor tissues were all significantly downregulated with T3 treatment; however, the levels of endogenous Hras were not affected. In WT, T3 also induced downregulation of Albumin in liver tissues, but without influence on the expression of endogenous Hras and p-MEK. Especially, the inhibitory effect of T3 on p-ERK and hepatic tumorigenesis and development without influence on the levels of KrasG12D and p-MEK was further confirmed in Kras-Tg. In conclusion, T3 suppresses hepatic tumorigenesis and development by independently and substantially inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Dong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Penghui Dong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Mao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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2
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Martin JV, Sarkar PK. Nongenomic roles of thyroid hormones and their derivatives in adult brain: are these compounds putative neurotransmitters? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210540. [PMID: 37701902 PMCID: PMC10494427 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the evidence regarding the nongenomic (or non-canonical) actions of thyroid hormones (thyronines) and their derivatives (including thyronamines and thyroacetic acids) in the adult brain. The paper seeks to evaluate these compounds for consideration as candidate neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are defined by their (a) presence in the neural tissue, (b) release from neural tissue or cell, (c) binding to high-affinity and saturable recognition sites, (d) triggering of a specific effector mechanism and (e) inactivation mechanism. Thyronines and thyronamines are concentrated in brain tissue and show distinctive patterns of distribution within the brain. Nerve terminals accumulate a large amount of thyroid hormones in mature brain, suggesting a synaptic function. However, surprisingly little is known about the potential release of thyroid hormones at synapses. There are specific binding sites for thyroid hormones in nerve-terminal fractions (synaptosomes). A notable cell-membrane binding site for thyroid hormones is integrin αvβ3. Furthermore, thyronines bind specifically to other defined neurotransmitter receptors, including GABAergic, catecholaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic and cholinergic systems. Here, the thyronines tend to bind to sites other than the primary sites and have allosteric effects. Thyronamines also bind to specific membrane receptors, including the trace amine associated receptors (TAARs), especially TAAR1. The thyronines and thyronamines activate specific effector mechanisms that are short in latency and often occur in subcellular fractions lacking nuclei, suggesting nongenomic actions. Some of the effector mechanisms for thyronines include effects on protein phosphorylation, Na+/K+ ATPase, and behavioral measures such as sleep regulation and measures of memory retention. Thyronamines promptly regulate body temperature. Lastly, there are numerous inactivation mechanisms for the hormones, including decarboxylation, deiodination, oxidative deamination, glucuronidation, sulfation and acetylation. Therefore, at the current state of the research field, thyroid hormones and their derivatives satisfy most, but not all, of the criteria for definition as neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V. Martin
- Biology Department, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Pradip K. Sarkar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Parker University, Dallas, TX, United States
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3
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Borowczyk M, Dobosz P, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Budny B, Dębicki S, Filipowicz D, Wrotkowska E, Oszywa M, Verburg FA, Janicka-Jedyńska M, Ziemnicka K, Ruchała M. Follicular Thyroid Adenoma and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma-A Common or Distinct Background? Loss of Heterozygosity in Comprehensive Microarray Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:638. [PMID: 36765597 PMCID: PMC9913827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre- and postsurgical differentiation between follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) represents a significant diagnostic challenge. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether they share a common or distinct background and what the mechanisms underlying follicular thyroid lesions malignancy are. The study aimed to compare FTA and FTC by the comprehensive microarray and to identify recurrent regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples acquired from 32 Caucasian patients diagnosed with FTA (16) and FTC (16). We used the OncoScan™ microarray assay (Affymetrix, USA), using highly multiplexed molecular inversion probes for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The total number of LOH was higher in FTC compared with FTA (18 vs. 15). The most common LOH present in 21 cases, in both FTA (10 cases) and FTC (11 cases), was 16p12.1, which encompasses many cancer-related genes, such as TP53, and was followed by 3p21.31. The only LOH present exclusively in FTA patients (56% vs. 0%) was 11p11.2-p11.12. The alteration which tended to be detected more often in FTC (6 vs. 1 in FTA) was 12q24.11-q24.13 overlapping FOXN4, MYL2, PTPN11 genes. FTA and FTC may share a common genetic background, even though differentiating rearrangements may also be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Medical Simulation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paula Dobosz
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Dębicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Filipowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michalina Oszywa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Frederik A. Verburg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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4
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KAPLAN İ, CAN C, KÖMEK H, KEPENEK F, SOYLU H, ERDUR E, AGÜLOĞLU N, GÜNDOĞAN C. Is there an association between thyroid function tests and 18F FDG PET/CT parameters in untreated cancer patients? JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between the extent of disease, 18F FDG PET/CT parameters (SUVmax and the highest SUVmax) and thyroid function tests (TFT) (TSH, FT4, FT3, FT3/FT4 ratio, AntiTG, and AntiTPO) in untreated cancer patients.
Material and Method: One hundred and seventy-nine patients who underwent FDG PET/CT for metabolic characterization and staging in our clinic between May 2020 and November 2020 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as malignant and benign according to histopathology findings. Thyroid function tests were ordered from all patients at the time of PET/CT imaging. The association between the presence of local lymph node metastasis, distant metastases and thyroid function tests as well as the association between PET/CT parameters and thyroid function tests in benign and malignant groups were statistically analyzed.
Results: Thyroid function tests did not exhibit a significant difference between patients with malignant and benign disease (p> 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, FT4 value, and the FT3/F4 ratio were significant parameters in predicting distant metastases. These parameters were also significant in predicting mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was an independent prognostic factor predicting mortality.
Conclusion: Thyroid function tests are not decisive in differentiating malignant and benign lesions. While no statistically significant correlation was observed between thyroid function tests and PET/CT parameters, univariate analyses revealed that especially FT4 and FT3/FT4 ratio were significant in predicting disease extent and mortality in malignant disease. Age was found to be an independent prognostic factor in predicting mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan KAPLAN
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DİYARBAKIR GAZİ YAŞARGİL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
| | - Canan CAN
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DİYARBAKIR GAZİ YAŞARGİL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
| | - Halil KÖMEK
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DİYARBAKIR GAZİ YAŞARGİL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
| | - Ferat KEPENEK
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DİYARBAKIR GAZİ YAŞARGİL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
| | - Hikmet SOYLU
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DİYARBAKIR GAZİ YAŞARGİL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLIC DISEASES
| | - Erkan ERDUR
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DİYARBAKIR GAZİ YAŞARGİL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, ONCOLOGY
| | - Nurşin AGÜLOĞLU
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İZMİR DR. SUAT SEREN HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
| | - Cihan GÜNDOĞAN
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DİYARBAKIR GAZİ YAŞARGİL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
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5
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Lee PHU, Chung M, Ren Z, Mair DB, Kim DH. Factors mediating spaceflight-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C567-C580. [PMID: 35171699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00203.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a well-known consequence of spaceflight. Because of the potential significant impact of muscle atrophy and muscle dysfunction on astronauts and to their mission, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of this atrophy and the development of effective countermeasures is critical. Spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy is similar to atrophy seen in many terrestrial conditions, and therefore our understanding of this form of atrophy may also contribute to the treatment of atrophy in humans on Earth. The unique environmental features humans encounter in space include the weightlessness of microgravity, space radiation, and the distinctive aspects of living in a spacecraft. The disuse and unloading of muscles in microgravity are likely the most significant factors that mediate spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy, and have been extensively studied and reviewed. However, there are numerous other direct and indirect effects on skeletal muscle that may be contributing factors to the muscle atrophy and dysfunction seen as a result of spaceflight. This review offers a novel perspective on the issue of muscle atrophy in space by providing a comprehensive overview of the unique aspects of the spaceflight environment and the various ways in which they can lead to muscle atrophy. We systematically review the potential contributions of these different mechanisms of spaceflight-induced atrophy and include findings from both actual spaceflight and ground-based models of spaceflight in humans, animals, and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H U Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Zhanping Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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6
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Selivanova EK, Gaynullina DK, Tarasova OS. Thyroxine Induces Acute Relaxation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Arteries via Integrin αvβ3, ERK1/2 and Integrin-Linked Kinase. Front Physiol 2021; 12:726354. [PMID: 34594239 PMCID: PMC8477044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hyperthyroidism is associated with a decreased peripheral vascular resistance, which could be caused by the vasodilator genomic or non-genomic effects of thyroid hormones (TH). Non-genomic, or acute, effects develop within several minutes and involve a wide tissue-specific spectrum of molecular pathways poorly studied in vasculature. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of acute effects of TH on rat skeletal muscle arteries. Methods: Sural arteries from male Wistar rats were used for isometric force recording (wire myography) and phosphorylated protein content measurement (Western blotting). Results: Both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) reduced contractile response of sural arteries to α1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine. The effect of T4 was more prominent than T3 and not affected by iopanoic acid, an inhibitor of deiodinase 2. Endothelium denudation abolished the effect of T3, but not T4. Integrin αvβ3 inhibitor tetrac abolished the effect of T4 in endothelium-denuded arteries. T4 weakened methoxamine-induced elevation of phospho-MLC2 (Ser19) content in arterial samples. The effect of T4 in endothelium-denuded arteries was abolished by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation with U0126 as well as by ILK inhibitor Cpd22 but persisted in the presence of Src- or Rho-kinase inhibitors (PP2 and Y27632, respectively). Conclusion: Acute non-genomic relaxation of sural arteries induced by T3 is endothelium-dependent and that induced by T4 is endothelium-independent. The effect of T4 on α1-adrenergic contraction is stronger compared to T3 and involves the suppression of extracellular matrix signaling via integrin αvβ3, ERK1/2 and ILK with subsequent decrease of MLC2 (Ser19) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina K Selivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina K Gaynullina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Tarasova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Juhl OJ, Buettmann EG, Friedman MA, DeNapoli RC, Hoppock GA, Donahue HJ. Update on the effects of microgravity on the musculoskeletal system. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:28. [PMID: 34301942 PMCID: PMC8302614 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the reignited push for manned spaceflight and the development of companies focused on commercializing spaceflight, increased human ventures into space are inevitable. However, this venture would not be without risk. The lower gravitational force, known as microgravity, that would be experienced during spaceflight significantly disrupts many physiological systems. One of the most notably affected systems is the musculoskeletal system, where exposure to microgravity causes both bone and skeletal muscle loss, both of which have significant clinical implications. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in our understanding of how exposure to microgravity affects the musculoskeletal system. We will focus on the catabolic effects microgravity exposure has on both bone and skeletal muscle cells, as well as their respective progenitor stem cells. Additionally, we report on the mechanisms that underlie bone and muscle tissue loss resulting from exposure to microgravity and then discuss current countermeasures being evaluated. We reveal the gaps in the current knowledge and expound upon how current research is filling these gaps while also identifying new avenues of study as we continue to pursue manned spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto J Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rachel C DeNapoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Hoppock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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8
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Candelotti E, De Luca R, Megna R, Maiolo M, De Vito P, Gionfra F, Percario ZA, Borgatti M, Gambari R, Davis PJ, Lin HY, Polticelli F, Persichini T, Colasanti M, Affabris E, Pedersen JZ, Incerpi S. Inhibition by Thyroid Hormones of Cell Migration Activated by IGF-1 and MCP-1 in THP-1 Monocytes: Focus on Signal Transduction Events Proximal to Integrin αvβ3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651492. [PMID: 33898447 PMCID: PMC8060509 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between thyroid hormones and the immune system is reported in the literature. Thyroid hormones, thyroxine, T4, but also T3, act non-genomically through mechanisms that involve a plasma membrane receptor αvβ3 integrin, a co-receptor for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Previous data from our laboratory show a crosstalk between thyroid hormones and IGF-1 because thyroid hormones inhibit the IGF-1-stimulated glucose uptake and cell proliferation in L-6 myoblasts, and the effects are mediated by integrin αvβ3. IGF-1 also behaves as a chemokine, being an important factor for tissue regeneration after damage. In the present study, using THP-1 human leukemic monocytes, expressing αvβ3 integrin in their cell membrane, we focused on the crosstalk between thyroid hormones and either IGF-1 or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), studying cell migration and proliferation stimulated by the two chemokines, and the role of αvβ3 integrin, using inhibitors of αvβ3 integrin and downstream pathways. Our results show that IGF-1 is a potent chemoattractant in THP-1 monocytes, stimulating cell migration, and thyroid hormone inhibits the effect through αvβ3 integrin. Thyroid hormone also inhibits IGF-1-stimulated cell proliferation through αvβ3 integrin, an example of a crosstalk between genomic and non-genomic effects. We also studied the effects of thyroid hormone on cell migration and proliferation induced by MCP-1, together with the pathways involved, by a pharmacological approach and docking simulation. Our findings show a different downstream signaling for IGF-1 and MCP-1 in THP-1 monocytes mediated by the plasma membrane receptor of thyroid hormones, integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roberto Megna
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo De Vito
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Gionfra
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.,Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Tan B, Babur E, Aşçıoğlu M, Süer C. Effect of L-thyroxine administration on long-term potentiation and accompanying mitogen-activated protein kinases in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:259-269. [PMID: 33576121 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the differences in the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK ), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) 1 hr after the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) between rats with hyperthyroidism that was produced at two different stages of development. Hyperthyroidism was produced in rats by daily injections of L-thyroxine (T4, ip., 0.2 mg/kg) to their dams for lactation period or to the rats itself during the young adult period. LTP was induced by application of high-frequency stimulation protocol. Five-min averages of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slopes and population spike (PS) amplitudes at the end of recording were averaged to measure the magnitude of LTP. Total and phosphorylated levels of Erk1/2, JNK, and P38-MAPK were assessed via western blotting in these hippocampi. LTP was found to be impaired in both groups of hyperthyroidisms, but this impairment observed together with increased expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and increased phosphorylation of JNK in rats treated maternally with T4 compared to those treated adultly. These results suggest that excessiveness of thyroid hormone has longstanding effects on hippocampal function and may account for failed LTP in both early and relatively late stage of development depending on various molecular pathways, such as ERK1/2 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Tan
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ercan Babur
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Meral Aşçıoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cem Süer
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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10
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Maternal L-thyroxine treatment during lactation affects learning and anxiety-like behaviors but not spatial memory in adult rat progeny. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:454-463. [PMID: 33481209 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study compared behavioral and molecular indicators of hippocampal function in L-thyroxine treated rats to determine whether thyroid hormone excessiveness produces relatively stable lifelong changes. METHODS Hyperthyroidism was induced in rats by daily injections of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg/kg) to their dams for lactation period (MOH: maternal-onset hyperthyroidism) or to the rats itself during the young adult period (AOH: adult-onset hyperthyroidism; between the day 39-60). Spatial learning was assessed in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Levels of type 2 and type 3 deiodinases, Erk1/2, JNK and P38MAPK were assessed via western blotting in the hippocampus of trained rats. Measurements were all done in rats aged 60-66 days. RESULTS In MWM, maternally treated rats with L-thyroxine swam more away from the hidden platform, with showing more anxiety-like behavior, as compared to the rats treated or no treated with L-thyroxine in young adulthood. In spite of impaired acquisition, MOH group was not significantly different from the other groups in probe trial. In Western blot of the hippocampus, a decreased the expression of P38MAPK was found in rats treated with L-thyroxine in young adulthood period. However, maternal treatment with L-thyroxine resulted in an increased expression of Type 2 deiodinase and a tendency toward decreased expression of total and phosphorylated ERK1/2. No detectable band for type 3 deiodinase, p-JNK and p-P38MAPK was observed in all three groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that perinatal excessiveness of thyroid hormone has longstanding effects on hippocampal function and may account for memory problems experienced by adolescents with lactational hyperthyroidism.
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11
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De Luca R, Davis PJ, Lin HY, Gionfra F, Percario ZA, Affabris E, Pedersen JZ, Marchese C, Trivedi P, Anastasiadou E, Negro R, Incerpi S. Thyroid Hormones Interaction With Immune Response, Inflammation and Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:614030. [PMID: 33553149 PMCID: PMC7859329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.614030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interdependence between thyroid hormones (THs), namely, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and immune system is nowadays well-recognized, although not yet fully explored. Synthesis, conversion to a bioactive form, and release of THs in the circulation are events tightly supervised by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Newly synthesized THs induce leukocyte proliferation, migration, release of cytokines, and antibody production, triggering an immune response against either sterile or microbial insults. However, chronic patho-physiological alterations of the immune system, such as infection and inflammation, affect HPT axis and, as a direct consequence, THs mechanism of action. Herein, we revise the bidirectional crosstalk between THs and immune cells, required for the proper immune system feedback response among diverse circumstances. Available circulating THs do traffic in two distinct ways depending on the metabolic condition. Mechanistically, internalized THs form a stable complex with their specific receptors, which, upon direct or indirect binding to DNA, triggers a genomic response by activating transcriptional factors, such as those belonging to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Alternatively, THs engage integrin αvβ3 receptor on cell membrane and trigger a non-genomic response, which can also signal to the nucleus. In addition, we highlight THs-dependent inflammasome complex modulation and describe new crucial pathways involved in microRNA regulation by THs, in physiological and patho-physiological conditions, which modify the HPT axis and THs performances. Finally, we focus on the non-thyroidal illness syndrome in which the HPT axis is altered and, in turn, affects circulating levels of active THs as reported in viral infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Center for Life Science, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fabio Gionfra
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jens Z. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Negro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Rome, Italy
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12
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Higher thyroid hormone levels and cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:808-821. [PMID: 32944783 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This narrative review aims to summarize the relationship between hyperthyroidism, upper reference range thyroid hormone (TH) levels, and cancer, and to address the clinical management of hyperthyroidism in cancer patients. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed by an independent reviewer through Google Scholar and PubMed Electronic databases. All searches were restricted to English language manuscripts published between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and population-based studies suggest cancer-stimulating effect of triiodothyronine and thyroxin. THs are presented as mediators for tumor growth, proliferation, and progression. Many population and case-control studies suggest an increased risk of several solid but also hematologic malignancies in relation to hyperthyroidism and upper normal range TH levels. However, results are not unambiguous. In this review, we will summarize population and case-control studies that investigated the relationship between hyperthyroidism, upper reference range TH levels, lower thyrotropin (TSH) levels, lower reference range TSH levels with cancer risk, cancer prognosis, and cancer outcome. The vast majority of evidence suggests an association between clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism with the risk of developing several types of cancer. Furthermore, hyperthyroidism is also linked with a poorer cancer prognosis. In this review, we will also discuss the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in patients with pre-existing cancer and cover the management of hyperthyroidism in cancer patients, with special attention on the role of nuclear medicine. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to emphasize the importance of the rapid establishment of euthyroidism, and consequently, the importance of radioiodine therapy, as the therapy of choice in most cancer patients. We want to show that in this day and age there still is a high relevance for I-131 to achieve a permanent solution and thus likely reduce the risk of adverse influence of hyperthyroidism on the occurrence of new and course of existing cancer cases.
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13
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Davis PJ, Mousa SA, Lin HY. Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone: The Integrin Component. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:319-352. [PMID: 32584192 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3 contains a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone analogues. The receptor is largely expressed and activated in tumor cells and rapidly dividing endothelial cells. The principal ligand for this receptor is l-thyroxine (T4), usually regarded only as a prohormone for 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), the hormone analogue that expresses thyroid hormone in the cell nucleus via nuclear receptors that are unrelated structurally to integrin αvβ3. At the integrin receptor for thyroid hormone, T4 regulates cancer and endothelial cell division, tumor cell defense pathways (such as anti-apoptosis), and angiogenesis and supports metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. The molecular mechanisms involve signal transduction via mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, differential expression of multiple genes related to the listed cell processes, and regulation of activities of other cell surface proteins, such as vascular growth factor receptors. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is derived from T4 and competes with binding of T4 to the integrin. In the absence of T4, tetrac and chemically modified tetrac also have anticancer effects that culminate in altered gene transcription. Tumor xenografts are arrested by unmodified and chemically modified tetrac. The receptor requires further characterization in terms of contributions to nonmalignant cells, such as platelets and phagocytes. The integrin αvβ3 receptor for thyroid hormone offers a large panel of cellular actions that are relevant to cancer biology and that may be regulated by tetrac derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Narici M, Vito GD, Franchi M, Paoli A, Moro T, Marcolin G, Grassi B, Baldassarre G, Zuccarelli L, Biolo G, di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Dela F, Greenhaff P, Maganaris C. Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:614-635. [PMID: 32394816 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1761076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis as entire populations have been asked to self-isolate and live in home-confinement for several weeks to months, which in itself represents a physiological challenge with significant health risks. This paper describes the impact of sedentarism on the human body at the level of the muscular, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine and nervous systems and is based on evidence from several models of inactivity, including bed rest, unilateral limb suspension, and step-reduction. Data form these studies show that muscle wasting occurs rapidly, being detectable within two days of inactivity. This loss of muscle mass is associated with fibre denervation, neuromuscular junction damage and upregulation of protein breakdown, but is mostly explained by the suppression of muscle protein synthesis. Inactivity also affects glucose homeostasis as just few days of step reduction or bed rest, reduce insulin sensitivity, principally in muscle. Additionally, aerobic capacity is impaired at all levels of the O2 cascade, from the cardiovascular system, including peripheral circulation, to skeletal muscle oxidative function. Positive energy balance during physical inactivity is associated with fat deposition, associated with systemic inflammation and activation of antioxidant defences, exacerbating muscle loss. Importantly, these deleterious effects of inactivity can be diminished by routine exercise practice, but the exercise dose-response relationship is currently unknown. Nevertheless, low to medium-intensity high volume resistive exercise, easily implementable in home-settings, will have positive effects, particularly if combined with a 15-25% reduction in daily energy intake. This combined regimen seems ideal for preserving neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-MYO Myology Center, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-MYO Myology Center, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Martino Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marcolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Fiotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Greenhaff
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Barreto-Chaves MLM, Senger N, Fevereiro MR, Parletta AC, Takano APC. Impact of hyperthyroidism on cardiac hypertrophy. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:EC-19-0543.R1. [PMID: 32101527 PMCID: PMC7159257 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac growth process (hypertrophy) is a crucial phenomenon conserved across a wide array of species and it is critically involved in maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. This process enables organism adaptation to changes of systemic demand and occurs due to a plethora of responses, depending on the type of signal or stimuli received. The growth of cardiac muscle cells in response to environmental conditions depends on the type, strength and duration of stimuli, and results in adaptive physiologic response or non-adaptive pathologic response. Thyroid hormones (TH) have a direct effect on the heart and induce a cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, which may evolve to heart failure. In this review, we summarize the literature on TH function in heart presenting results from experimental studies. We discuss the mechanistic aspects of TH associated with cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, increased cardiac myocyte contractility and electrical remodeling as well as the signaling pathways associated. In addition to classical crosstalk with the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), emerging work points to the new endocrine interaction between TH and Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is also explored. Given the inflammatory potential of the angiotensin II peptide, this new interaction may open the door for new therapeutic approaches that target key mechanisms responsible for TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Barreto-Chaves
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Fevereiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Parletta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P C Takano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Nicolini G, Forini F, Kusmic C, Iervasi G, Balzan S. Angiopoietin 2 signal complexity in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Life Sci 2019; 239:117080. [PMID: 31756341 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The angiopoietin signal transduction system is a complex of vascular-specific kinase pathways that plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Angiopoietin1 (Ang1) and 2 (Ang2), the ligand proteins of the pathway, belong to a family of glycoproteins that signal primarily through the transmembrane Tyrosine-kinase-2 receptor. Despite a considerable sequence homology, Ang1 and Ang2 manifest antagonistic effects in pathophysiological conditions. While Ang1 promotes the activation of survival pathways and the stabilization of the normal mature vessels, Ang2 can either favor vessel destabilization and leakage or promote abnormal EC proliferation in a context-dependent manner. Altered Ang1/Ang2 balance has been reported in various pathological conditions in association with inflammation and deregulated angiogenesis. In particular, increased Ang2 levels have been documented in human cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including ischemic myocardial injury, heart failure and other cardiovascular complications secondary to diabetes, chronic renal damage and hypertension. Despite the obvious phenotypic differences, CVD and cancer share some common Ang2-dependent etiopathological mechanisms such as inflammation, epithelial (or endothelial) to mesenchymal transition, and adverse vascular network remodeling. Interestingly, both cancer and CVD are negatively affected by thyroid hormone dyshomeostasis. This review provides an overview of the complex Ang2-dependent signaling involved in CVD and cancer, as well as a survey of the related clinical literature. Moreover, on the basis of recent molecular acquisitions in an experimental model of post ischemic cardiac disease, the putative novel role of the thyroid hormone in the regulation of Ang1/Ang2 balance is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Forini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvana Balzan
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Talhada D, Santos CRA, Gonçalves I, Ruscher K. Thyroid Hormones in the Brain and Their Impact in Recovery Mechanisms After Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31681160 PMCID: PMC6814074 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are of fundamental importance for brain development and essential factors to warrant brain functions throughout life. Their actions are mediated by binding to specific intracellular and membranous receptors regulating genomic and non-genomic mechanisms in neurons and populations of glial cells, respectively. Among others, mechanisms include the regulation of neuronal plasticity processes, stimulation of angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well modulating the dynamics of cytoskeletal elements and intracellular transport processes. These mechanisms overlap with those that have been identified to enhance recovery of lost neurological functions during the first weeks and months after ischemic stroke. Stimulation of thyroid hormone signaling in the postischemic brain might be a promising therapeutic strategy to foster endogenous mechanisms of repair. Several studies have pointed to a significant association between thyroid hormones and outcome after stroke. With this review, we will provide an overview on functions of thyroid hormones in the healthy brain and summarize their mechanisms of action in the developing and adult brain. Also, we compile the major thyroid-modulated molecular pathways in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke that can enhance recovery, highlighting thyroid hormones as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
- LUBIN Lab-Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecília Reis Alves Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- LUBIN Lab-Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Peyneau M, Kavian N, Chouzenoux S, Nicco C, Jeljeli M, Toullec L, Reboul-Marty J, Chenevier-Gobeaux C, Reis FM, Santulli P, Doridot L, Chapron C, Batteux F. Role of thyroid dysimmunity and thyroid hormones in endometriosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11894-11899. [PMID: 31142643 PMCID: PMC6575600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820469116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity. Thyroid autoimmunity has been associated with endometriosis. This work investigated the potential pathophysiological link between endometriosis and thyroid disorders. Transcripts and proteins involved in thyroid metabolism are dysregulated in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of endometriotic patients, leading to resistance of ectopic endometrium to triiodothyronine (T3) action and local accumulation of thyroxine (T4). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) acts as a proliferative and prooxidative hormone on all endometria of endometriosis patients and controls, whereas T3 and T4 act to specifically increase ectopic endometrial cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mouse studies confirmed the data gained in vitro since endometriotic implants were found to be bigger when thyroid hormones increased. A retrospective analysis of endometriosis patients with or without a thyroid disorder revealed an increased chronic pelvic pain and disease score in endometriotic patients with a thyroid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Peyneau
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Niloufar Kavian
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
- Service d'immunologie biologique, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
- HKU Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
- Service d'immunologie biologique, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Laurie Toullec
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Reboul-Marty
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
- Département d'Information Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Camille Chenevier-Gobeaux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
- Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Pietro Santulli
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
- Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Charles Chapron
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
- Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
- Service d'immunologie biologique, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75679 Paris, France
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19
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Krashin E, Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. Thyroid Hormones and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30814976 PMCID: PMC6381772 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones take major part in normal growth, development and metabolism. Over a century of research has supported a relationship between thyroid hormones and the pathophysiology of various cancer types. In vitro studies as well as research in animal models demonstrated an effect of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 on cancer proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Thyroid hormones mediate their effects on the cancer cell through several non-genomic pathways including activation of the plasma membrane receptor integrin αvβ3. Furthermore, cancer development and progression are affected by dysregulation of local bioavailability of thyroid hormones. Case-control and population-based studies provide conflicting results regarding the association between thyroid hormones and cancer. However, a large body of evidence suggests that subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism increase the risk of several solid malignancies while hypothyroidism may reduce aggressiveness or delay the onset of cancer. Additional support is provided from studies in which dysregulation of the thyroid hormone axis secondary to cancer treatment or thyroid hormone supplementation was shown to affect cancer outcomes. Recent preclinical and clinical studies in various cancer types have further shown promising outcomes following chemical reduction of thyroid hormones or inhibition or their binding to the integrin receptor. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical research conducted so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Krashin
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Meir Medical Center, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Osnat Ashur-Fabian
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20
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Ortega-Olvera C, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Ángeles-Llerenas A, Mainero-Ratchelous FE, González-Acevedo CE, Hernández-Blanco MDL, Ziv E, Avilés-Santa L, Pérez-Rodríguez E, Torres-Mejía G. Thyroid hormones and breast cancer association according to menopausal status and body mass index. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:94. [PMID: 30092822 PMCID: PMC6085630 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroxine (T4) has been positively associated with tumor cell proliferation, while the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on cell proliferation has not been well-established because it differs according to the type of cell line used. In Mexico, it has been reported that 14.5% of adult women have some type of thyroid dysfunction and abnormalities in thyroid function tests have been observed in a variety of non-thyroidal illnesses, including breast cancer (BC). These abnormalities might change with body mass index (BMI) because thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of various metabolic pathways and probably by menopausal status because obesity has been negatively associated with BC in premenopausal women and has been positively associated with BC in postmenopausal women. METHODS To assess the association between serum thyroid hormone concentration (T4 and T3) and BC and the influence of obesity as an effect modifier of this relationship in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, we measured serum thyroid hormone and thyroid antibody levels in 682 patients with incident breast cancer (cases) and 731 controls, who participated in a population-based case-control study performed from 2004 to 2007 in three states of Mexico. We tested the association of total T4 (TT4) and total T3 (TT3) stratifying by menopausal status and body mass index (BMI), and adjusted for other health and demographic risk factors using logistic regressions models. RESULTS Higher serum total T4 (TT4) concentrations were associated with BC in both premenopausal (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation = 5.98, 95% CI 3.01-11.90) and postmenopausal women (OR per standard deviation = 2.81, 95% CI 2.17-3.65). In premenopausal women, the effect of TT4 decreased as BMI increased while the opposite was observed in postmenopausal women. The significance of the effect modification was marginal (p = 0.059) in postmenopausal women and was not significant in premenopausal women (p = 0.22). Lower TT3 concentrations were associated with BC in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and no effect modification was observed. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between BC and serum concentrations of TT3 and TT4; this needs to be further investigated to understand why it happens and how important it is to consider these alterations in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortega-Olvera
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Niño Artillero #130, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78240 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, calle Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angélica Ángeles-Llerenas
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62100 Morelos México
| | - Fernando Enrique Mainero-Ratchelous
- Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Río Magdalena No. 289, Col. Tizapán, San Angel, Ciudad de México, C.P. 01090 México
| | - Claudia Elena González-Acevedo
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Niño Artillero #130, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78240 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Ma. de Lourdes Hernández-Blanco
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Niño Artillero #130, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78240 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd St, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd St, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Larissa Avilés-Santa
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge, Room 10188, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Edelmiro Pérez-Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitario “Dr José Eleuterio González”. Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño, Col. Mitras, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, N.L. México
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejía
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62100 Morelos México
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Avenida Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos México
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21
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Abstract
Micronutrients are indispensable for adequate metabolism, such as biochemical function and cell production. The production of blood cells is named haematopoiesis and this process is highly consuming due to the rapid turnover of the haematopoietic system and consequent demand for nutrients. It is well established that micronutrients are relevant to blood cell production, although some of the mechanisms of how micronutrients modulate haematopoiesis remain unknown. The aim of the present review is to summarise the effect of Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Co, iodine, P, Se, Cu, Li and Zn on haematopoiesis. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of selected micronutrients to haematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements, deficiency or excess of these minerals on haematopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in animal models and human subjects. In circumstances where these minerals have not been studied for a given condition, no information was used. All the selected minerals have an important role in haematopoiesis by influencing the quality and quantity of blood cell production. In addition, it is highly recommended that the established nutrition recommendations for these minerals be followed, because cases of excess or deficient mineral intake can affect the haematopoiesis process.
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22
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Goemann IM, Romitti M, Meyer ELS, Wajner SM, Maia AL. Role of thyroid hormones in the neoplastic process: an overview. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R367-R385. [PMID: 28928142 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical regulators of several physiological processes, which include development, differentiation and growth in virtually all tissues. In past decades, several studies have shown that changes in TH levels caused by thyroid dysfunction, disruption of deiodinases and/or thyroid hormone receptor (TR) expression in tumor cells, influence cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and invasion in a variety of neoplasms in a cell type-specific manner. The function of THs and TRs in neoplastic cell proliferation involves complex mechanisms that seem to be cell specific, exerting effects via genomic and nongenomic pathways, repressing or stimulating transcription factors, influencing angiogenesis and promoting invasiveness. Taken together, these observations indicate an important role of TH status in the pathogenesis and/or development of human neoplasia. Here, we aim to present an updated and comprehensive picture of the accumulated knowledge and the current understanding of the potential role of TH status on the different hallmarks of the neoplastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Martin Goemann
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Romitti
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erika L Souza Meyer
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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23
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Tascher G, Brioche T, Maes P, Chopard A, O'Gorman D, Gauquelin-Koch G, Blanc S, Bertile F. Proteome-wide Adaptations of Mouse Skeletal Muscles during a Full Month in Space. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2623-2638. [PMID: 28590761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The safety of space flight is challenged by a severe loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and endurance that may compromise the health and performance of astronauts. The molecular mechanisms underpinning muscle atrophy and decreased performance have been studied mostly after short duration flights and are still not fully elucidated. By deciphering the muscle proteome changes elicited in mice after a full month aboard the BION-M1 biosatellite, we observed that the antigravity soleus incurred the greatest changes compared with locomotor muscles. Proteomics data notably suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and fiber type switching toward glycolytic type II fibers, structural alterations, and calcium signaling-related defects to be the main causes for decreased muscle performance in flown mice. Alterations of the protein balance, mTOR pathway, myogenesis, and apoptosis were expected to contribute to muscle atrophy. Moreover, several signs reflecting alteration of telomere maintenance, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance were found as possible additional deleterious effects. Finally, 8 days of recovery post flight were not sufficient to restore completely flight-induced changes. Thus in-depth proteomics analysis unraveled the complex and multifactorial remodeling of skeletal muscle structure and function during long-term space flight, which should help define combined sets of countermeasures before, during, and after the flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Tascher
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France.,Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES , 75039 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Pauline Maes
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Donal O'Gorman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology and the School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
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24
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Flamini MI, Uzair ID, Pennacchio GE, Neira FJ, Mondaca JM, Cuello-Carrión FD, Jahn GA, Simoncini T, Sanchez AM. Thyroid Hormone Controls Breast Cancer Cell Movement via Integrin αV/β3/SRC/FAK/PI3-Kinases. Discov Oncol 2017; 8:16-27. [PMID: 28050799 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a fundamental role in diverse processes, including cellular movement. Cell migration requires the integration of events that induce changes in cell structure towards the direction of migration. These actions are driven by actin remodeling and stabilized by the development of adhesion sites to extracellular matrix via transmembrane receptors linked to the actin cytoskeleton. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cell migration and invasion through the control of focal adhesion turnover. In this work, we demonstrate that the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) regulates actin remodeling and cell movement in breast cancer T-47D cells through the recruitment of FAK. T3 controls FAK phosphorylation and translocation at sites where focal adhesion complexes are assembled. This process is triggered via rapid signaling to integrin αV/β3, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K), and FAK. In addition, we established a cellular model with different concentration of T3 levels: normal, absence, and excess in T-47D breast cancer cells. We found that the expression of Src, FAK, and PI3K remained at normal levels in the excess of T3 model, while it was significantly reduced in the absence model. In conclusion, these results suggest a novel role for T3 as an important modulator of cell migration, providing a starting point for the development of new therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Inés Flamini
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ivonne Denise Uzair
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n. Parque Gral. San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gisela Erika Pennacchio
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Lactancia. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Flavia Judith Neira
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n. Parque Gral. San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Joselina Magali Mondaca
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n. Parque Gral. San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fernando Dario Cuello-Carrión
- Laboratorio de Oncología. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alma Jahn
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Lactancia. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angel Matías Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n. Parque Gral. San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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25
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Indo HP, Majima HJ, Terada M, Suenaga S, Tomita K, Yamada S, Higashibata A, Ishioka N, Kanekura T, Nonaka I, Hawkins CL, Davies MJ, Clair DKS, Mukai C. Changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in astronauts following long stays in space. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39015. [PMID: 27982062 PMCID: PMC5159838 DOI: 10.1038/srep39015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of long-term exposure to extreme space conditions on astronauts were investigated by analyzing hair samples from ten astronauts who had spent six months on the International Space Station (ISS). Two samples were collected before, during and after their stays in the ISS; hereafter, referred to as Preflight, Inflight and Postflight, respectively. The ratios of mitochondrial (mt) to nuclear (n) DNA and mtRNA to nRNA were analyzed via quantitative PCR. The combined data of Preflight, Inflight and Postflight show a significant reduction in the mtDNA/nDNA in Inflight, and significant reductions in the mtRNA/nRNA ratios in both the Inflight and Postflight samples. The mtRNA/mtDNA ratios were relatively constant, except in the Postflight samples. Using the same samples, the expression of redox and signal transduction related genes, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, Nrf2, Keap1, GPx4 and Catalase was also examined. The results of the combined data from Preflight, Inflight and Postflight show a significant decrease in the expression of all of the redox-related genes in the samples collected Postflight, with the exception of Catalase, which show no change. This decreased expression may contribute to increased oxidative stress Inflight resulting in the mitochondrial damage that is apparent Postflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko P Indo
- Department of Oncology and Space Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Department of Oncology and Space Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Divison of Aerospace Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.,Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.,Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - Shigeaki Suenaga
- Department of Oncology and Space Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Oncology and Space Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shin Yamada
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Higashibata
- Department of Oncology and Space Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ishioka
- Department of Oncology and Space Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, School of Physical Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ikuya Nonaka
- National Center Hospital for Mental Nervous and Muscular Disorders, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.,Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan
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26
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Abstract
The hypermetabolic effects of thyroid hormones (THs), the major endocrine regulators of metabolic rate, are widely recognized. Although, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have been extensively investigated, much has yet to be learned about how TH regulates diverse cellular functions. THs have a profound impact on mitochondria, the organelles responsible for the majority of cellular energy production, and several studies have been devoted to understand the respective importance of the nuclear and mitochondrial pathways for organelle activity. During the last decades, several new aspects of both THs (i.e., metabolism, transport, mechanisms of action, and the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and mitochondria (i.e., dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes, and the discovery of uncoupling proteins other than uncoupling protein 1) have emerged, thus opening new perspectives to the investigation of the complex relationship between thyroid and the mitochondrial compartment. In this review, in the light of an historical background, we attempt to point out the present findings regarding thyroid physiology and the emerging recognition that mitochondrial dynamics as well as the arrangement of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial cristae contribute to the mitochondrial activity. We unravel the genomic and nongenomic mechanisms so far studied as well as the effects of THs on mitochondrial energetics and, principally, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation via various mechanisms involving uncoupling proteins. The emergence of new approaches to the question as to what extent and how the action of TH can affect mitochondria is highlighted. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1591-1607, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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27
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Lee YS, Chin YT, Yang YCSH, Wei PL, Wu HC, Shih A, Lu YT, Pedersen JZ, Incerpi S, Liu LF, Lin HY, Davis PJ. The combination of tetraiodothyroacetic acid and cetuximab inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancers with different K-ras status. Steroids 2016; 111:63-70. [PMID: 26980146 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone induces cancer cell proliferation through its cell surface receptor integrin αvβ3. Acting via integrin αvβ3, the deaminated T4 analog tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), and its nanoparticle formulation nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) could inhibit cell proliferation and xenograft growth. In this study, we investigated the T4 effects on proliferation in colorectal cancer cell lines based on the proliferation marker expressions at both mRNA and protein levels. The effects of tetrac/NDAT, the monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, and their combinations on colorectal cancer cell proliferation were examined according to the relevant gene expression profiles and cell count analysis. The results showed that T4 significantly enhanced PCNA, Cyclin D1 and c-Myc levels in both K-ras wild type HT-29 and mutant HCT 116 cells. In HCT 116 cells, the combination of NDAT and cetuximab significantly suppressed the mRNA expressions of proliferative genes PCNA, Cyclin D1, c-Myc and RRM2 raised by T4 compared to cetuximab alone. In addition, T4-suppressed mRNA expressions of pro-apoptotic genes p53 and RRM2B could be significantly elevated by the combination of NDAT and cetuximab compared to cetuximab alone. In the K-ras mutant HCT 116 cells, but not in the K-ras wild type COLO 205 cells, the combinations of tetrac/NDAT and cetuximab significantly reduced cell proliferation compared to cetuximab alone. In conclusion, T4 promoted colorectal cancer cell proliferation which could be repressed by tetrac and NDAT. The combinations of tetrac/NDAT and cetuximab potentiated cetuximab actions in K-ras mutant colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shin Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Division of General Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai Shih
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tong Lu
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy F Liu
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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28
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Delgado-González E, Sánchez-Tusie AA, Morales G, Aceves C, Anguiano B. Triiodothyronine Attenuates Prostate Cancer Progression Mediated by β-Adrenergic Stimulation. Mol Med 2016; 22:1-11. [PMID: 26928389 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells are responsive to adrenergic and thyroid stimuli. It is well established that β-adrenergic activation (protein kinase A [PKA]/cAMP response element binding protein [CREB]) promotes cancer progression, but the role of thyroid hormones is poorly understood. We analyzed the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation (isoproterenol [ISO]) and/or thyroid hormone on neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and cell invasion, using in vivo (LNCaP tumor) and in vitro models (LNCaP and DU145 human cells). Nude mice were inoculated with LNCaP cells and were treated for 6 wks with ISO (200 μg/d), triiodothyronine (T3, 2.5 μg/d) or both. ISO alone reduced tumor growth but increased tumor expression of cAMP response element (CRE)-dependent genes (real-time polymerase chain reaction, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], urokinase plasmin activator [uPA] and metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9]) and some proteins related to NE differentiation and/or invasiveness (synaptophysin, VEGF, pCREB). T3 reduced tumor growth and prevented the overexpression of ISO-stimulated factors through a pCREB-independent mechanism. In low invasive LNCaP cells, 50 μmol/L ISO or 100 nmol/L thyroxine (T4) induced the acquisition of NE-like morphology (phase-contrast microscopy), increased VEGF secretion (ELISA) and invasive capacity (Transwell assay), but no synergistic effects were observed after the coadministration of ISO + T4. In contrast, 10 nmol/L T3 alone had no effect, but it prevented the NE-like morphology and invasiveness stimulated by ISO. None of these treatments had any effect on highly invasive DU145 cells. In summary, this study showed that ISO and T4 increase cancer progression, and T3 attenuates ISO-stimulated progression. Further studies are required to determine if changes in the ratio of T4/T3 could be relevant for prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Delgado-González
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Ana Alicia Sánchez-Tusie
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Giapsy Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Aceves
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Brenda Anguiano
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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29
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Abstract
The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone begin at receptors in the plasma membrane, mitochondria or cytoplasm. These receptors can share structural homologies with nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) that mediate transcriptional actions of T3, or have no homologies with TR, such as the plasma membrane receptor on integrin αvβ3. Nongenomic actions initiated at the plasma membrane by T4 via integrin αvβ3 can induce gene expression that affects angiogenesis and cell proliferation, therefore, both nongenomic and genomic effects can overlap in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, a truncated TRα isoform mediates T4-dependent regulation of intracellular microfilament organization, contributing to cell and tissue structure. p30 TRα1 is another shortened TR isoform found at the plasma membrane that binds T3 and mediates nongenomic hormonal effects in bone cells. T3 and 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine are important to the complex nongenomic regulation of cellular respiration in mitochondria. Thus, nongenomic actions expand the repertoire of cellular events controlled by thyroid hormone and can modulate TR-dependent nuclear events. Here, we review the experimental approaches required to define nongenomic actions of the hormone, enumerate the known nongenomic effects of the hormone and their molecular basis, and discuss the possible physiological or pathophysiological consequences of these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy &Health Sciences, One Discovery Drive, Rennselaer, New York 12144, USA
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Jack L Leonard
- Department of Microbiology &Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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DiSilvestro D, Petrosino J, Aldoori A, Melgar-Bermudez E, Wells A, Ziouzenkova O. Enzymatic intracrine regulation of white adipose tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 19:39-55. [PMID: 25390015 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal fat formation has become a permanent risk factor for metabolic syndrome and various cancers in one-third of the world's population of obese and even lean patients. Formation of abdominal fat involves additional mechanisms beyond an imbalance in energy intake and expenditure, which explains systemic obesity. In this review, we briefly summarized autonomous regulatory circuits that locally produce hormones from inactive precursors or nutrients for intra-/auto-/paracrine signaling in white adipose depots. Enzymatic pathways activating steroid and thyroid hormones in adipose depots were compared with enzymatic production of retinoic acid from vitamin A. We discussed the role of intracrine circuits in fat-depot functions and strategies to reduce abdominal adiposity through thermogenic adipocytes with interrupted generation of retinoic acid.
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31
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Cohen K, Ellis M, Shinderman E, Khoury S, Davis PJ, Hercbergs A, Ashur-Fabian O. Relevance of the thyroid hormones-αvβ3 pathway in primary myeloma bone marrow cells and to bortezomib action. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1107-14. [PMID: 25058375 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.947612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) induce proliferation in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines via the αvβ3 integrin-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We further show in primary MM bone marrow (BM) samples (n = 9) induction of cell viability by 1 nM T3 (13%, p < 0.002) and more potently by 100 nM T4 (21-45%, p < 0.0002) and a quick (1 h) and long-lasting (24 h) pERK activation, which was inhibited in the presence of β3 but not β1 blocking antibodies. Involvement of the integrin was further shown by two disintegrins, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and echistatin peptides, which occluded the effects of T3/T4 on viability, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (proliferation marker) and apoptotic gene expression. Lastly, T3/T4 significantly opposed bortezomib (25 nM) cytotoxicy, as confirmed by several methods. In summary, our results imply that endogenous thyroid hormones in myeloma are factors that may support cell growth, with relevance to bortezomib action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Cohen
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center , Kfar-Saba , Israel
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32
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Incerpi S, Hsieh MT, Lin HY, Cheng GY, De Vito P, Fiore AM, Ahmed RG, Salvia R, Candelotti E, Leone S, Luly P, Pedersen JZ, Davis FB, Davis PJ. Thyroid hormone inhibition in L6 myoblasts of IGF-I-mediated glucose uptake and proliferation: new roles for integrin αvβ3. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C150-61. [PMID: 24808494 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00308.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) have been shown to initiate short- and long-term effects via a plasma membrane receptor site located on integrin αvβ3. Also insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) activity is known to be subject to regulation by this integrin. To investigate the possible cross-talk between T4 and IGF-I in rat L6 myoblasts, we have examined integrin αvβ3-mediated modulatory actions of T4 on glucose uptake, measured through carrier-mediated 2-deoxy-[3H]-D-glucose uptake, and on cell proliferation stimulated by IGF-I, assessed by cell counting, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. IGF-I stimulated glucose transport and cell proliferation via the cell surface IGF-I receptor (IGFIR) and, downstream of the receptor, by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal transduction pathway. Addition of 0.1 nM free T4 caused little or no cell proliferation but prevented both glucose uptake and proliferative actions of IGF-I. These actions of T4 were mediated by an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-sensitive pathway, suggesting the existence of crosstalk between IGFIR and the T4 receptor located near the RGD recognition site on the integrin. An RGD-sequence-containing integrin inhibitor, a monoclonal antibody to αvβ3, and the T4 metabolite tetraiodothyroacetic acid all blocked the inhibition by T4 of IGF-I-stimulated glucose uptake and cell proliferation. Western blotting confirmed roles for activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the effects of IGF-I and also showed a role for ERK1/2 in the actions of T4 that modified the effects of IGF-I. We conclude that thyroid hormone inhibits IGF-I-stimulated glucose uptake and cell proliferation in L6 myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy;
| | - Meng-Ti Hsieh
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Yun Cheng
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paolo De Vito
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - R G Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Luly
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Faith B Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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Davis PJ, Lin HY, Tang HY, Davis FB, Mousa SA. Adjunctive input to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor from the cell surface receptor for the hormone. Thyroid 2013; 23:1503-9. [PMID: 24011085 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
At thyroid hormone response elements on specific genes, complexes of nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T(3)), coactivator or corepressor nucleoproteins, and histone acetylases or deacetylases mediate genomic effects of the hormone. Nongenomic effects of the hormone are those whose initiation does not primarily depend upon formation of the TR-T(3) complex. Among the nongenomic effects of thyroid hormone are a set of actions initiated at a cell surface receptor on integrin αvβ3 that are relevant to a) intracellular trafficking of proteins, including TRβ1, b) serine phosphorylation and acetylation of this nuclear receptor, c) assembly within the nucleus of complexes of coactivators and corepressor, and d) transcription of specific genes, including that for TRβ1. These actions initiated at αvβ3 are reviewed here and appear to be adjunctive to the genomic actions of the TR-T(3) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Davis
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Albany, New York
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34
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Chronic nicotine treatment reverses hypothyroidism-induced impairment of L-LTP induction phase: critical role of CREB. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1245-55. [PMID: 24277525 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that adult onset hypothyroidism impairs late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) and reduces basal protein levels of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB), mutagen-activated protein kinase (MAPKp42/44), and calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) in area Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) of the hippocampus. These changes were reversed by chronic nicotine treatment. In the present study, levels of signaling molecules important for L-LTP were determined in CA1 area of the hippocampus during the induction phase. Standard multiple high-frequency stimulation (MHFS) was used to evoke L-LTP in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of hypothyroid, nicotine-treated hypothyroid, nicotine, and sham control anaesthetized adult rats. Chronic nicotine treatment reversed hypothyroidism-induced impairment of L-LTP at the induction phase. Five minutes after MHFS, Western blotting showed an increase in the levels of P-CREB, and P-MAPKp42/44 in sham-operated control, nicotine, and nicotine-treated hypothyroid animals, but not in hypothyroid animals. The protein levels of total CREB, total MAPK p42/44, BDNF, and CaMKIV were not altered in all groups 5 min after MHFS. Therefore, normalized phosphorylation of essential kinases such as P-CREB and P-MAPK p42/44 in the CA1 area of nicotine-treated hypothyroid animals plays a crucial role in nicotine-induced rescue of L-LTP induction during hypothyroidism.
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35
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Alzoubi KH, Alkadhi KA. Levothyroxin replacement therapy restores hypothyroidism induced impairment of L-LTP induction: critical role of CREB. Brain Res Bull 2013; 100:29-37. [PMID: 24216002 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor crucial for late phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) induction and maintenance. Upon multiple high frequency stimulation (MHFS), large Ca(2+) influx activates adenylyl cyclase. This, in turn, activates PKA, which by itself or through MAPK p42/p44 can activate (phosphorylate) CREB. Upon phosphorylation, P-CREB activates multiple genes essential for L-LTP generation. Calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) is also activated by calcium and can directly activate CREB. We have shown previously that hypothyroidism impairs L-LTP and reduces the basal protein levels of CREB, MAPK p42/p44, and CaMKIV in area CA1 of the hippocampus. In the present study, levels of these signaling molecules were determined in area CA1 during the induction and maintenance phases of L-LTP. Standard MHFS was used to evoke L-LTP in the CA1 area of hypothyroid, levothyroxin treated hypothyroid and sham control anesthetized adult rats. Chronic levothyroxin treatment reversed hypothyroidism-induced L-LTP impairment. Five minutes after MHFS, western blotting showed an increase in the levels of P-CREB, and P-MAPK p42/p44 in sham-operated control, and levothyroxin treated hypothyroid animals, but not in hypothyroid animals. The protein levels of total CREB, total MAPK p42/p44, BDNF and CaMKIV were not altered in all groups five minutes after MHFS. Four hours after MHFS, the levels of P-CREB, and P-MAPK p42/p44 remained unchanged in hypothyroid animals, while they were elevated in sham-operated control, and levothyroxin treated hypothyroid animals. We conclude that respective normalized phosphorylation of essential kinases such as P-CREB and P-MAPK p42/p44 is correlated with restoration of normal L-LTP induction and maintenance in the CA1 area of levothyroxin-treated hypothyroid animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - K A Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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36
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Lin HY, Delmas D, Vang O, Hsieh TC, Lin S, Cheng GY, Chiang HL, Chen CE, Tang HY, Crawford DR, Whang-Peng J, Hwang J, Liu LF, Wu JM. Mechanisms of ceramide-induced COX-2-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells partially overlapped with resveratrol. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1940-54. [PMID: 23495037 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a member of the sphingolipid family of bioactive molecules demonstrated to have profound, diverse biological activities. Ceramide is a potential chemotherapeutic agent via the induction of apoptosis. Exposure to ceramide activates extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2- and p38 kinase-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells, concomitant with an increase in the expression of COX-2 and p53 phosphorylation. Blockade of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity by siRNA or NS398 correspondingly inhibited ceramide-induced p53 Ser-15 phosphorylation and apoptosis; thus COX-2 appears at the apex of the p38 kinase-mediated signaling cascade induced by ceramide. Induction of apoptosis by ceramide or resveratrol was inhibited by the endocytosis inhibitor, cytochalasin D (CytD); however, cells exposed to resveratrol showed greater sensitivity than ceramide-treated cells. Ceramide-treated cells underwent a dose-dependent reduction in trans-membrane potential. Although both ceramide and resveratrol induced the expressions of caspase-3 and -7, the effect of inducible COX-2 was different in caspase-7 expression induced by ceramide compared to resveratrol. In summary, resveratrol and ceramide converge on an endocytosis-requiring, ERK1/2-dependent signal transduction pathway and induction of COX-expression as an essential molecular antecedent for subsequent p53-dependent apoptosis. In addition, expressions of caspase-3 and -7 are observed. However, a p38 kinase-dependent signal transduction pathway and change in mitochondrial potential are also involved in ceramide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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37
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Dentice M, Antonini D, Salvatore D. Type 3 deiodinase and solid tumors: an intriguing pair. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1369-79. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.833189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Lee PHU, Vandenburgh HH. Skeletal muscle atrophy in bioengineered skeletal muscle: a new model system. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2147-55. [PMID: 23574457 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy has been well characterized in various animal models, and while certain pathways that lead to disuse atrophy and its associated functional deficits have been well studied, available drugs to counteract these deficiencies are limited. An ex vivo tissue-engineered skeletal muscle offers a unique opportunity to study skeletal muscle physiology in a controlled in vitro setting. Primary mouse myoblasts isolated from adult muscle were tissue engineered into bioartificial muscles (BAMs) containing hundreds of aligned postmitotic muscle fibers expressing sarcomeric proteins. When electrically stimulated, BAMs generated measureable active forces within 2-3 days of formation. The maximum isometric tetanic force (Po) increased for ∼3 weeks to 2587±502 μN/BAM and was maintained at this level for greater than 80 days. When BAMs were reduced in length by 25% to 50%, muscle atrophy occurred in as little as 6 days. Length reduction resulted in significant decreases in Po (50.4%), mean myofiber cross-sectional area (21.7%), total protein synthesis rate (22.0%), and noncollagenous protein content (6.9%). No significant changes occurred in either the total metabolic activity or protein degradation rates. This study is the first in vitro demonstration that length reduction alone can induce skeletal muscle atrophy, and establishes a novel in vitro model for the study of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H U Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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39
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Lin HY, Su YF, Hsieh MT, Lin S, Meng R, London D, Lin C, Tang HY, Hwang J, Davis FB, Mousa SA, Davis PJ. Nuclear monomeric integrin αv in cancer cells is a coactivator regulated by thyroid hormone. FASEB J 2013; 27:3209-16. [PMID: 23640055 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-227132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone induces tumor cell and blood vessel cell proliferation via a cell surface receptor on heterodimeric integrin αvβ3. We investigated the role of thyroid hormone-induced internalization of nuclear integrin αv monomer. Physiological concentration of thyroxine (free T4, 10(-10) M), but not 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), induced cellular internalization and nuclear translocation of integrin αv monomer in human non-small-cell lung cancer (H522) and ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cells. T4 did not complex with integrin αv monomer during its internalization. The αv monomer was phosphorylated by activated ERK1/2 when it heterodimerized with integrin β3 in vitro. Nuclear αv complexed with transcriptional coactivator proteins, p300 and STAT1, and with corepressor proteins, NCoR and SMRT. Nuclear αv monomer in T4-exposed cells, but not integrin β3, bound to promoters of specific genes that have important roles in cancer cells, including estrogen receptor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and thyroid hormone receptor β1 in chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In summary, monomeric αv is a novel coactivator regulated from the cell surface by thyroid hormone for the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. This study also offers a mechanism for modulation of gene expression by thyroid hormone that is adjunctive to the nuclear hormone receptor (TR)-T3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shin St., Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Genovese T, Impellizzeri D, Ahmad A, Cornelius C, Campolo M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Post-ischaemic thyroid hormone treatment in a rat model of acute stroke. Brain Res 2013; 1513:92-102. [PMID: 23500636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating brain injury that is a leading cause of adult disability with limited treatment options. We examined the effects of prohormone thyroxine (T4) and the underlying mechanisms in the post-ischaemic rat brain after transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury. Ischaemic injury was induced for 2h by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 24-h reperfusion. T4 (1.1μg/100g BW) was administered by intraperitoneally injection twice, at 1 after the onset of ischemia and 6h after reperfusion. Cerebral infarct area and infarct volume were measured 24h after MCAo. Furthermore, the mechanism of neuroprotective effect of T4 was investigated with a focus on inflammatory cells, neurotrophins, and transcriptional factors. T4 significantly reduced cerebral infarction, which were accompanied by decreased expression of proapotptic Bax and increased antiapoaptotic Bcl-2 protein. T4 suppressed the activation of astrocytes and microglia, increased the expression of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF), and altered inflammatory-related prooxidative enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) in ischaemic brain. Moreover, T4 downregulated the phosphorylation of p38 and prevented injury-induced increase of PKCδ. These results revealed that T4 has a promising therapeutic effect in ischaemic stroke treatment protecting the brain from I/R injury, probably by its anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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41
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Chen CY, Tsai MM, Chi HC, Lin KH. Biological significance of a thyroid hormone-regulated secretome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2271-84. [PMID: 23429180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone, 3,3,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), modulates several physiological processes, including cellular growth, differentiation, metabolism and proliferation, via interactions with thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the regulatory regions of target genes. Several intracellular and extracellular protein candidates are regulated by T3. Moreover, T3-regulated secreted proteins participate in physiological processes or cellular transformation. T3 has been employed as a marker in several disorders, such as cardiovascular disorder in chronic kidney disease, as well as diseases of the liver, immune system, endocrine hormone metabolism and coronary artery. Our group subsequently showed that T3 regulates several tumor-related secretory proteins, leading to cancer progression via alterations in extracellular matrix proteases and tumor-associated signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinomas. Therefore, elucidation of T3/thyroid hormone receptor-regulated secretory proteins and their underlying mechanisms in cancers should facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets. This review provides a detailed summary on the known secretory proteins regulated by T3 and their physiological significance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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42
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Crupi R, Paterniti I, Campolo M, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Exogenous T3 administration provides neuroprotection in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. Pharmacol Res 2013; 70:80-9. [PMID: 23313345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces primary and secondary damage in both the endothelium and the brain parenchyma. While neurons die quickly by necrosis, a vicious cycle of secondary injury in endothelial cells exacerbates the initial injury. Thyroid hormones are reported to be decreased in patients with brain injury. Controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) is a widely used, clinically relevant model of TBI. Here, using CCI in adult male mice, we set to determine whether 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) attenuates posttraumatic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in an experimental model of TBI. Treatment with T3 (1.2μg/100g body weight, i.p.) 1h after TBI resulted in a significant improvement in motor and cognitive recovery after CCI, as well as in marked reduction of lesion volumes. Mouse model for brain injury showed reactive astrocytes with increased glial fibrillary acidic protein, and formation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Western blot analysis revealed the ability of T3 to reduce brain trauma through modulation of cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Twenty-four hours after brain trauma, T3-treated mice also showed significantly lower number of TUNEL(+) apoptotic neurons and curtailed induction of Bax, compared to vehicle control. In addition, T3 significantly enhanced the post-TBI expression of the neuroprotective neurotrophins (BDNF and GDNF) compared to vehicle. Our data provide an additional mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of thyroid hormone with critical implications in immunopathology at the cross-roads of the immune-endocrine circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
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Abstract
Space flight is a new experience for humans. Humans adapt if not perfectly, rather well to life without gravity. There is a reductive remodeling of the musculo-skeletal system. Protein is lost from muscles and calcium from bones with anti-gravity functions. The observed biochemical and physiological changes reflect this accommodative process. The two major direct effects of the muscle loss are weakness post-flight and the increased incidence of low back ache pre- and post-flight. The muscle protein losses are compromised by the inability to maintain energy balance inflight. Voluntary dietary intake is reduced during space flight by ~20 %. These adaptations to weightlessness leave astronauts ill-equipped for life with gravity. Exercise, the obvious counter-measure has been repeatedly tried and since the muscle and bone losses persist it is not unreasonable to assume that success has been limited at best. Nevertheless, more than 500 people have now flown in space for up to 1 year and have done remarkably well. This review addresses the question of whether enough is now known about these three problems (negative energy balance, muscle loss and bone loss) for to the risks to be considered either acceptable or correctible enough to meet the requirements for a Mars mission.
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Hackenmueller SA, Marchini M, Saba A, Zucchi R, Scanlan TS. Biosynthesis of 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) is dependent on the sodium-iodide symporter and thyroperoxidase but does not involve extrathyroidal metabolism of T4. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5659-67. [PMID: 22948220 PMCID: PMC3473208 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
3-Iodothyronamine (T(1)AM) is an endogenous thyroid hormone derivative with unknown biosynthetic origins. Structural similarities have led to the hypothesis that T(1)AM is an extrathyroidal metabolite of T(4). This study uses an isotope-labeled T(4) [heavy-T(4) (H-T(4))] that can be distinguished from endogenous T(4) by mass spectrometry, which allows metabolites to be identified based on the presence of this unique isotope signature. Endogenous T(1)AM levels depend upon thyroid status and decrease upon induction of hypothyroidism. However, in hypothyroid mice replaced with H-T(4), the isotope-labeled H-T(3) metabolite is detected, but no isotope-labeled T(1)AM is detected. These data suggest that T(1)AM is not an extrathyroidal metabolite of T(4), yet is produced by a process that requires the same biosynthetic factors necessary for T(4) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hackenmueller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, 97239, USA
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Hargens AR, Bhattacharya R, Schneider SM. Space physiology VI: exercise, artificial gravity, and countermeasure development for prolonged space flight. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:2183-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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De Vito P, Balducci V, Leone S, Percario Z, Mangino G, Davis PJ, Davis FB, Affabris E, Luly P, Pedersen JZ, Incerpi S. Nongenomic effects of thyroid hormones on the immune system cells: New targets, old players. Steroids 2012; 77:988-95. [PMID: 22414628 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that thyroid hormones, l-thyroxine (T(4)) and 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T(3)), act as modulators of the immune response. Immune functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and cytokine synthesis and release, are altered in hypo- and hyper-thyroid conditions, even though for many immune cells no clear correlation has been found between altered levels of T(3) or T(4) and effects on the immune responses. Integrins are extracellular matrix proteins that are important modulators of many cellular responses, and the integrin αvβ3 has been identified as a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormones. Rapid signaling via this plasma membrane binding site appears to be responsible for many nongenomic effects of thyroid hormones, independent of the classic nuclear receptors. Through the integrin αvβ3 receptor the hormone can activate both the ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways, with downstream effects including intracellular protein trafficking, angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. It has recently become clear that an important downstream target of the thyroid hormone nongenomic pathway may be the mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR. New results demonstrate the capability of T(3) or T(4) to induce in the short time range important responses related to the immune function, such as reactive oxygen species production and cell migration in THP-1 monocytes. Thus thyroid hormones seem to be able to modulate the immune system by a combination of rapid nongenomic responses interacting with the classical nuclear response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Vito
- Dept. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Liu C, Wang Y, Quan C, Yan M, Zhou J, Wang C, Yang K. Raf-1 is dually down regulated by p,p′-DDE via reduced thyroid hormone and activated ERK. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 103:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
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Gnoni GV, Rochira A, Leone A, Damiano F, Marsigliante S, Siculella L. 3,5,3'triiodo-L-thyronine induces SREBP-1 expression by non-genomic actions in human HEP G2 cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2388-97. [PMID: 21826653 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver is an important target for thyroid hormone actions. T(3) exerts its effects by two mechanisms: (i) Genomic actions consisting of T(3) link to nuclear receptors that bind responsive elements in the promoter of target genes, (ii) non-genomic actions including integrin αvb3 receptor-mediated MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-C1 activation. SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 are transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipogenic genes. We show in Hep G2 cells that T(3) determined a dose- and time-dependent increase in the level of the precursor form of SREBP-1 without affecting SREBP-1 mRNA abundance. T(3) also induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt and of mTOR-C1 target S6K-P70, and the cytosol-to-membrane translocation of PKC-α. Modulation of SREBP-1 protein level by T(3) was dependent on MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR-C1 pathway activation since the MEK inhibitor PD98059 or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abolished the stimulatory effect of T(3) . Conversely, the effect of T(3) on SREBP-1 level was enhanced by using rapamycin, mTOR-C1 inhibitor. These data suggest a negative control of mTOR-C1 target S6K-P70 on PI3K/Akt pathway. The effect of T(3) on SREBP-1 content increased also by using PKC inhibitors. These inhibitors increased the action of T(3) on Akt phosphorylation suggesting that conventional PKCs may work as negative regulators of the T(3) -dependent SREBP-1 increase. T(3) effects were partially abrogated by tetrac, an inhibitor of the T(3) -αvβ3 receptor interaction and partially evoked by T(3) analog T(3) -agarose. These findings support a model in which T(3) activates intracellular signaling pathways which may be involved in the increment of SREBP-1 level through an IRES-mediated translation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele V Gnoni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy.
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The Mediator complex in thyroid hormone receptor action. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:3867-75. [PMID: 22402254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit complex that plays an essential regulatory role in eukaryotic transcription of protein-encoding genes. The human complex was first isolated as a transcriptional coactivator bound to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and has since been shown to play a key coregulatory role for a broad range of nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) as well as other signal-activated transcription factors. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide a general overview of Mediator structure and function, summarize the mechanisms by which Mediator is targeted to NRs, and outline recent evidence revealing Mediator as a regulatory axis for other distinct coregulatory factors, chromatin modifying enzymes and cellular signal transduction pathways. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Besides serving as a functional interface with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery, Mediator plays a more versatile role in regulating transcription including the ability to: a) facilitate gene-specific chromatin looping events; b) coordinate chromatin modification events with preinitiation complex assembly; and c) regulate critical steps that occur during transcriptional elongation. The variably associated MED1 subunit continues to emerge as a pivotal player in Mediator function, not only as the primary interaction site for NRs, but also as a crucial interaction hub for other coregulatory factors, and as an important regulatory target for signal-activated kinases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Mediator plays an integral coregulatory role at NR target genes by functionally interacting with the basal transcription apparatus and by coordinating the action of chromatin modifying enzymes and transcription elongation factors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Thyroid hormone signalling.
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Stein TP, Blanc S. Does Protein Supplementation Prevent Muscle Disuse Atrophy and Loss of Strength? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:828-34. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.482679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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