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Gasser B, Frey WO, Valdivieso P, Scherr J, Kopf J, Spörri J, Flück M. Are the Positions in the Word Ranking of Competitive Alpine Skiers Explainable by Prominent Polymorphisms in Regulatory Genes of Mechanical and Metabolic Muscle Functioning? RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39173035 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2387040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Background: The success of competitive alpine skiers with respective to their world ranking (WR) positions might be associated with prominent gene polymorphisms. Methods: Twenty-six competitive alpine skiers were followed from 2015 to 2019 for their WR positions (FIS-ranking). Using PCR, the genotypes of ACE-I/D, TNC, ACTN3, and PTK2 were identified. The correlations between the discipline-specific WR position (slalom-SL, giant slalom-GS, super G-SG, downhill-DH, and alpine combined-AC) and gene polymorphisms were analyzed concerning an influence with multivariate regression models. Results: The WR position and the ACE gene as well as the copy number of the ACE I-allele exhibited reciprocal relationships for speed specialists (SG and DH) but not for technical specialists (SL and GS). Similarly, the gene polymorphisms ACTN3 and (partly) PTK2 were associated with the WR position in disciplines characterized by a high number of turns (technical specialists-SL and GS) and speed (speed-specialists-SG and DH), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the contributions of aerobic and cardiovascular metabolism in fueling muscle work and recovering from muscle fatigue for competitive success in slalom-driven skiing disciplines and highlight the contributions of sequence variants in the genes ACE, TNC, and ACTN3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juana Kopf
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich
| | - Jörg Spörri
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich
| | - Martin Flück
- University of Zurich
- University of Fribourg
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport - BASPO
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Meng S, Xing S, Xu H, Li J, Jiang Y, He H, Cai H, Li M. Integrated analysis of intestinal microbial community and muscle transcriptome profile in rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2024:2387015. [PMID: 39145993 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2387015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal microbial community plays an important part in maintaining health and skeletal muscle development in livestock. This study is the first of its kind in the world. In order to better understand the relationship between gut microbiota and gene expression in skeletal muscle of rabbits, caecum contents and longissimus dorsi tissues of rabbits at 0 d (S1), 35 d (S2) and 70d (S3) were collected and subjected for 16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. Our results showed that, among three groups of rabbits, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla at the phylum level, while Akmansia, Bacteroides and Ruminobacter were the dominant genera at the genus level, and the relative abundance of Akmansia and Bacteroides increased firstly and then decreased from 0 d to 70 d. By analyzing the transcriptome sequencing data, we identified 2866, 2446 and 4541 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S1 vs S2, S2 vs S3 and S1 vs S3 groups, respectively. Finally, we performed correlation analysis between gut microbiota and the expression levels of muscle development-related genes of rabbits at 0 d and 70 d. Compared with 0 day old rabbits, in 70 day old rabbits Acinetobacter and Cronbacter with decreased abundance, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcus_1 with increase abundance is beneficial to caecum health in rabbits. These results will lay a foundation for further re-searches about the relationship between caecum microflora and muscle development in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Biyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hanfang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Golding AE, Li W, Blank PS, Cologna SM, Zimmerberg J. Relative quantification of progressive changes in healthy and dysferlin-deficient mouse skeletal muscle proteomes. Muscle Nerve 2023; 68:805-816. [PMID: 37706611 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Individuals with dysferlinopathies, a group of genetic muscle diseases, experience delay in the onset of muscle weakness. The cause of this delay and subsequent muscle wasting are unknown, and there are currently no clinical interventions to limit or prevent muscle weakness. To better understand molecular drivers of dysferlinopathies, age-dependent changes in the proteomic profile of skeletal muscle (SM) in wild-type (WT) and dysferlin-deficient mice were identified. METHODS Quadriceps were isolated from 6-, 18-, 42-, and 77-wk-old C57BL/6 (WT, Dysf+/+ ) and BLAJ (Dysf-/- ) mice (n = 3, 2 male/1 female or 1 male/2 female, 24 total). Whole-muscle proteomes were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with relative quantification using TMT10plex isobaric labeling. Principle component analysis was utilized to detect age-dependent proteomic differences over the lifespan of, and between, WT and dysferlin-deficient SM. The biological relevance of proteins with significant variation was established using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Over 3200 proteins were identified between 6-, 18-, 42-, and 77-wk-old mice. In total, 46 proteins varied in aging WT SM (p < .01), while 365 varied in dysferlin-deficient SM. However, 569 proteins varied between aged-matched WT and dysferlin-deficient SM. Proteins with significant variation in expression across all comparisons followed distinct temporal trends. DISCUSSION Proteins involved in sarcolemma repair and regeneration underwent significant changes in SM over the lifespan of WT mice, while those associated with immune infiltration and inflammation were overly represented over the lifespan of dysferlin-deficient mice. The proteins identified herein are likely to contribute to our overall understanding of SM aging and dysferlinopathy disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Golding
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul S Blank
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Vanmunster M, Rojo-Garcia AV, Pacolet A, Jonkers I, Koppo K, Lories R, Suhr F. Prolonged mechanical muscle loading increases mechanosensor gene and protein levels and causes a moderate fast-to-slow fiber type switch in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:918-931. [PMID: 37675473 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00204.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing and subsequent mechanotransduction are indispensable for muscle plasticity. Nevertheless, a scarcity of literature exists regarding an all-encompassing understanding of the muscle mechanosensing machinery's response to prolonged loading, especially in conditions that resemble a natural physiological state of skeletal muscle. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of prolonged mechanical loading on mechanosensitive components, skeletal muscle characteristics, and metabolism-related gene clusters. Twenty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: control and prolonged mechanical loading. To induce prolonged mechanical loading on the triceps brachii (TRI) and biceps brachii (BIC) muscles, a 14-day period of tail suspension was implemented. In TRI only, prolonged mechanical loading caused a mild fast-to-slow fiber type shift together with increased mechanosensor gene and protein levels. It also increased transcription factors associated with slow muscle fibers while decreasing those related to fast-type muscle gene expression. Succinate dehydrogenase activity, a marker of muscle oxidative capacity, and genes involved in oxidative and mitochondrial turnover increased, whereas glycolytic-related genes decreased. Moreover, prolonged mechanical loading stimulated markers of muscle protein synthesis. Taken together, our data show a collective muscle-specific increase in mechanosensor gene and protein levels upon a period of prolonged mechanical loading in conditions that reflect a more natural physiological state of skeletal muscle in mice. We provide additional proof-of-concept that prolonged tail suspension-induced loading of the forelimbs triggers a muscle-specific fast-to-slow fiber type switch, and this coincides with increased protein synthesis-related signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of prolonged loading on mechanosensitive components in conditions that better reflect the natural physiological state of skeletal muscle. Although the muscle mechanosensing machinery has been widely acknowledged for its responsiveness to altered loading, an inclusive understanding of its response to prolonged loading remains scarce. Our results show a fast-to-slow fiber type shift and an upregulation of mechanosensor gene and protein levels following prolonged loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vanmunster
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Alexander Pacolet
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Suhr
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Vanmunster M, Rojo Garcia AV, Pacolet A, Dalle S, Koppo K, Jonkers I, Lories R, Suhr F. Mechanosensors control skeletal muscle mass, molecular clocks, and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:321. [PMID: 35622133 PMCID: PMC11072145 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscles (SkM) are mechanosensitive, with mechanical unloading resulting in muscle-devastating conditions and altered metabolic properties. However, it remains unexplored whether these atrophic conditions affect SkM mechanosensors and molecular clocks, both crucial for their homeostasis and consequent physiological metabolism. METHODS We induced SkM atrophy through 14 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) in 10 male C57BL/6J mice and 10 controls (CTR). SkM histology, gene expressions and protein levels of mechanosensors, molecular clocks and metabolism-related players were examined in the m. Gastrocnemius and m. Soleus. Furthermore, we genetically reduced the expression of mechanosensors integrin-linked kinase (Ilk1) and kindlin-2 (Fermt2) in myogenic C2C12 cells and analyzed the gene expression of mechanosensors, clock components and metabolism-controlling genes. RESULTS Upon hindlimb suspension, gene expression levels of both core molecular clocks and mechanosensors were moderately upregulated in m. Gastrocnemius but strongly downregulated in m. Soleus. Upon unloading, metabolism- and protein biosynthesis-related genes were moderately upregulated in m. Gastrocnemius but downregulated in m. Soleus. Furthermore, we identified very strong correlations between mechanosensors, metabolism- and circadian clock-regulating genes. Finally, genetically induced downregulations of mechanosensors Ilk1 and Fermt2 caused a downregulated mechanosensor, molecular clock and metabolism-related gene expression in the C2C12 model. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data shed new lights on mechanisms that control muscle loss. Mechanosensors are identified to crucially control these processes, specifically through commanding molecular clock components and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vanmunster
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Victoria Rojo Garcia
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Pacolet
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Dalle
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Suhr
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Transcriptomic Hallmarks of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071838. [PMID: 34360008 PMCID: PMC8305649 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a broad array of life-threatening medical conditions including myocardial infarct, cerebral stroke, and organ transplant. Although the pathobiology and clinical manifestations of IRI are well reviewed by previous publications, IRI-related transcriptomic alterations are less studied. This study aimed to reveal a transcriptomic hallmark for IRI by using the RNA-sequencing data provided by several studies on non-human preclinical experimental models. In this regard, we focused on the transcriptional responses of IRI in an acute time-point up to 48 h. We compiled a list of highly reported genes in the current literature that are affected in the context of IRI. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and found many of the up-regulated genes to be involved in cell survival, cell surface signaling, response to oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, while down-regulated genes were predominantly involved in ion transport. Furthermore, by GO analysis, we found that multiple inflammatory and stress response processes were affected after IRI. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways were also highlighted in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. In the last section, we discuss the treatment approaches and their efficacy for IRI by comparing RNA sequencing data from therapeutic interventions with the results of our cross-comparison of differentially expressed genes and pathways across IRI.
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Gene Expression and Carcass Traits Are Different between Different Quality Grade Groups in Red-Faced Hereford Steers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071910. [PMID: 34198984 PMCID: PMC8300355 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Producing a consistent and positive experience for beef consumers is challenging. The gene expression in muscle at harvest may provide insight into better prediction of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quality grade. In this pilot study muscle samples were collected at harvest on sixteen steers with a similar background and identical management. Muscle transcripts were sequenced to determine gene expression. Transcripts related to the extracellular matrix, stem cell differentiation, and focal cell adhesions were differentially expressed in muscle tissue from carcasses with differing USDA quality grades. This confirmed the application of this technique to provide insight into muscle development and fat deposition necessary for better prediction and selection to improve consistency and consumer experience. Abstract Fat deposition is important to carcass value and some palatability characteristics. Carcasses with higher USDA quality grades produce more value for producers and processors in the US system and are more likely to have greater eating satisfaction. Using genomics to identify genes impacting marbling deposition provides insight into muscle biochemistry that may lead to ways to better predict fat deposition, especially marbling and thus quality grade. Hereford steers (16) were managed the same from birth through harvest after 270 days on feed. Samples were obtained for tenderness and transcriptome profiling. As expected, steaks from Choice carcasses had a lower shear force value than steaks from Select carcasses; however, steaks from Standard carcasses were not different from steaks from Choice carcasses. A significant number of differentially expressed (DE) genes was observed in the longissimus lumborum between Choice and Standard carcass RNA pools (1257 genes, p < 0.05), but not many DE genes were observed between Choice and Select RNA pools. Exploratory analysis of global muscle tissue transcriptome from Standard and Choice carcasses provided insight into muscle biochemistry, specifically the upregulation of extracellular matrix development and focal adhesion pathways and the downregulation of RNA processing and metabolism in Choice versus Standard. Additional research is needed to explore the function and timing of gene expression changes.
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Aránega AE, Lozano-Velasco E, Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Ramírez de Acuña F, Franco D, Hernández-Torres F. MiRNAs and Muscle Regeneration: Therapeutic Targets in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084236. [PMID: 33921834 PMCID: PMC8072594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs required for the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. MicroRNAs play a critical role in modulating muscle regeneration and stem cell behavior. Muscle regeneration is affected in muscular dystrophies, and a critical point for the development of effective strategies for treating muscle disorders is optimizing approaches to target muscle stem cells in order to increase the ability to regenerate lost tissue. Within this framework, miRNAs are emerging as implicated in muscle stem cell response in neuromuscular disorders and new methodologies to regulate the expression of key microRNAs are coming up. In this review, we summarize recent advances highlighting the potential of miRNAs to be used in conjunction with gene replacement therapies, in order to improve muscle regeneration in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Eva Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Felicitas Ramírez de Acuña
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Torres
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Kim H, Jeong JH, Fendereski M, Lee HS, Kang DY, Hur SS, Amirian J, Kim Y, Pham NT, Suh N, Hwang NSY, Ryu S, Yoon JK, Hwang Y. Heparin-Mimicking Polymer-Based In Vitro Platform Recapitulates In Vivo Muscle Atrophy Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052488. [PMID: 33801235 PMCID: PMC7957884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions between myoblasts and their extracellular microenvironment have been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of in vitro myogenic differentiation and in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study, by harnessing the heparin-mimicking polymer, poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), which has a negatively charged surface, we engineered an in vitro cell culture platform for the purpose of recapitulating in vivo muscle atrophy-like phenotypes. Our initial findings showed that heparin-mimicking moieties inhibited the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes, as indicated by the decreased gene and protein expression levels of myogenic factors, myotube fusion-related markers, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). We further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism via transcriptome analyses, observing that the insulin/PI3K/mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways were significantly downregulated by heparin-mimicking moieties through the inhibition of FAK/Cav3. Taken together, the easy-to-adapt heparin-mimicking polymer-based in vitro cell culture platform could be an attractive platform for potential applications in drug screening, providing clear readouts of changes in insulin/PI3K/mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbum Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Mona Fendereski
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Hyo-Shin Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Sung Sik Hur
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Jhaleh Amirian
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea;
| | - Yunhye Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Nghia Thi Pham
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Nayoung Suh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nathaniel Suk-Yeon Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.Y.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5016 (J.K.Y.); +82-41-413-5017 (Y.H.)
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.Y.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5016 (J.K.Y.); +82-41-413-5017 (Y.H.)
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11
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Hu Z, Cao J, Zhang J, Ge L, Zhang H, Liu X. Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Analysis of Hanzhong Ma Duck at Different Growth Stages Using RNA-Seq. Biomolecules 2021; 11:315. [PMID: 33669581 PMCID: PMC7927120 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important poultry worldwide, ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) are raised mainly for meat and egg products, and muscle development in ducks is important for meat production. Therefore, an investigation of gene expression in duck skeletal muscle would significantly contribute to our understanding of muscle development. In this study, twenty-four cDNA libraries were constructed from breast and leg muscles of Hanzhong Ma ducks at day 17, 21, 27 of the embryo and postnatal at 6-month-old. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics were used to determine the abundances and characteristics of transcripts. A total of 632,172,628 (average 52,681,052) and 637,213,938 (average 53,101,162) reads were obtained from the sequencing data of breast and leg muscles, respectively. Over 71.63% and 77.36% of the reads could be mapped to the Anas platyrhynchos genome. In the skeletal muscle of Hanzhong duck, intron variant (INTRON), synonymous variant (SYNONYMOUS_CODING), and prime 3' UTR variant (UTR_3_PRIME) were the main single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) annotation information, and "INTRON", "UTR_3_PRIME", and downstream-gene variant (DOWNSTREAM) were the main insertion-deletion (InDel) annotation information. The predicted number of alternative splicing (AS) in all samples were mainly alternative 5' first exon (transcription start site)-the first exon splicing (TSS) and alternative 3' last exon (transcription terminal site)-the last exon splicing (TTS). Besides, there were 292 to 2801 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast muscle and 304 to 1950 annotated DEGs in leg muscle from different databases. It is worth noting that 75 DEGs in breast muscle and 49 DEGs in leg muscle were co-expressed at all developmental points of comparison, respectively. The RNA-Seq data were confirmed to be reliable by qPCR. The identified DEGs, such as CREBL2, RHEB, GDF6, SHISA2, MYLK2, ACTN3, RYR3, and STMN1, were specially highlighted, indicating their strong associations with muscle development in the Hanzhong Ma duck. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that regulation of actin cytoskeleton, oxidative phosphorylation, and focal adhesion were involved in the development of skeletal muscle. The findings from this study can contribute to future investigations of the growth and development mechanism in duck skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (Z.H.); (J.C.); (J.Z.); (L.G.); (H.Z.)
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12
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Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
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13
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Kumar A, Xie L, Ta CM, Hinton AO, Gunasekar SK, Minerath RA, Shen K, Maurer JM, Grueter CE, Abel ED, Meyer G, Sah R. SWELL1 regulates skeletal muscle cell size, intracellular signaling, adiposity and glucose metabolism. eLife 2020; 9:58941. [PMID: 32930093 PMCID: PMC7541086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle is beneficial in obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Mechanical stimulation can regulate skeletal muscle differentiation, growth and metabolism; however, the molecular mechanosensor remains unknown. Here, we show that SWELL1 (Lrrc8a) functionally encodes a swell-activated anion channel that regulates PI3K-AKT, ERK1/2, mTOR signaling, muscle differentiation, myoblast fusion, cellular oxygen consumption, and glycolysis in skeletal muscle cells. LRRC8A over-expression in Lrrc8a KO myotubes boosts PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling to supra-normal levels and fully rescues myotube formation. Skeletal muscle-targeted Lrrc8a KO mice have smaller myofibers, generate less force ex vivo, and exhibit reduced exercise endurance, associated with increased adiposity under basal conditions, and glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when raised on a high-fat diet, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. These results reveal that the LRRC8 complex regulates insulin-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle to influence skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro and skeletal myofiber size, muscle function, adiposity and systemic metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chau My Ta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iowa City, United States
| | - Susheel K Gunasekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Rachel A Minerath
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, United States.,Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Karen Shen
- Program in Physical Therapy and Departments of Neurology, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Joshua M Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chad E Grueter
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, United States.,Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iowa City, United States
| | - Gretchen Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy and Departments of Neurology, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
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14
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Selig M, Lauer JC, Hart ML, Rolauffs B. Mechanotransduction and Stiffness-Sensing: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Control Multiple Molecular Aspects of Cell Phenotype as a Design Cornerstone of Cell-Instructive Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5399. [PMID: 32751354 PMCID: PMC7432012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since material stiffness controls many cell functions, we reviewed the currently available knowledge on stiffness sensing and elucidated what is known in the context of clinical and experimental articular cartilage (AC) repair. Remarkably, no stiffness information on the various biomaterials for clinical AC repair was accessible. Using mRNA expression profiles and morphology as surrogate markers of stiffness-related effects, we deduced that the various clinically available biomaterials control chondrocyte (CH) phenotype well, but not to equal extents, and only in non-degenerative settings. Ample evidence demonstrates that multiple molecular aspects of CH and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) phenotype are susceptible to material stiffness, because proliferation, migration, lineage determination, shape, cytoskeletal properties, expression profiles, cell surface receptor composition, integrin subunit expression, and nuclear shape and composition of CHs and/or MSCs are stiffness-regulated. Moreover, material stiffness modulates MSC immuno-modulatory and angiogenic properties, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced lineage determination, and CH re-differentiation/de-differentiation, collagen type II fragment production, and TGF-β1- and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)-induced changes in cell stiffness and traction force. We then integrated the available molecular signaling data into a stiffness-regulated CH phenotype model. Overall, we recommend using material stiffness for controlling cell phenotype, as this would be a promising design cornerstone for novel future-oriented, cell-instructive biomaterials for clinical high-quality AC repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin C. Lauer
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
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15
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Luca E, Turcekova K, Hartung A, Mathes S, Rehrauer H, Krützfeldt J. Genetic deletion of microRNA biogenesis in muscle cells reveals a hierarchical non-clustered network that controls focal adhesion signaling during muscle regeneration. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100967. [PMID: 32240622 PMCID: PMC7139120 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreased muscle mass is a major contributor to age-related morbidity, and strategies to improve muscle regeneration during ageing are urgently needed. Our aim was to identify the subset of relevant microRNAs (miRNAs) that partake in critical aspects of muscle cell differentiation, irrespective of computational predictions, genomic clustering or differential expression of the miRNAs. METHODS miRNA biogenesis was deleted in primary myoblasts using a tamoxifen-inducible CreLox system and combined with an add-back miRNA library screen. RNA-seq experiments, cellular signalling events, and glycogen synthesis, along with miRNA inhibitors, were performed in human primary myoblasts. Muscle regeneration in young and aged mice was assessed using the cardiotoxin (CTX) model. RESULTS We identified a hierarchical non-clustered miRNA network consisting of highly (miR-29a), moderately (let-7) and mildly active (miR-125b, miR-199a, miR-221) miRNAs that cooperate by directly targeting members of the focal adhesion complex. Through RNA-seq experiments comparing single versus combinatorial inhibition of the miRNAs, we uncovered a fundamental feature of this network, that miRNA activity inversely correlates to miRNA cooperativity. During myoblast differentiation, combinatorial inhibition of the five miRNAs increased activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), AKT, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and improved myotube formation and insulin-dependent glycogen synthesis. Moreover, antagonizing the miRNA network in vivo following CTX-induced muscle regeneration enhanced muscle mass and myofiber formation in young and aged mice. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel insights into the dynamics of miRNA cooperativity and identify a miRNA network as therapeutic target for impaired focal adhesion signalling and muscle regeneration during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edlira Luca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Katarina Turcekova
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Switzerland; Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Hartung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mathes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich UZH/ETH, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Switzerland; Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
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16
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Kyei B, Li L, Yang L, Zhan S, Zhang H. CDR1as/miRNAs-related regulatory mechanisms in muscle development and diseases. Gene 2020; 730:144315. [PMID: 31904497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscles are critical tissues for mammals due to their close association with movement and physiology. Myogenesis involves proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of myoblast, in which many well-known protein-coding genes, as well as linear non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted much attention since several circRNAs are known to play significant roles in muscle development and diseases through limited mechanisms, particularly through sponging miRNAs. Through advanced researches, increasing evidence suggests that Cerebellar Degeneration-Related protein 1 antisense (CDR1as) is an important circRNA that regulates the levels of mRNAs expression via competitively sponged miRNAs. Here, we reviewed the robust expression and base pairing relationships of CDR1as and several myogenic miRNAs, as well as these miRNAs and their targeted genes in muscles or some muscle-related diseases. These potential CDR1as/miRNAs/mRNA pathways will provide the basis for further research on the function of CDR1as in muscle development, and eventually extend the versatile roles of CDR1as in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismark Kyei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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17
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Hall TE, Wood AJ, Ehrlich O, Li M, Sonntag CS, Cole NJ, Huttner IG, Sztal TE, Currie PD. Cellular rescue in a zebrafish model of congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:21. [PMID: 31754462 PMCID: PMC6858319 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins comprise structural components of basement membranes, critical in the regulation of differentiation, survival and migration of a diverse range of cell types, including skeletal muscle. Mutations in one muscle enriched Laminin isoform, Laminin alpha2 (Lama2), results in the most common form of congenital muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A). However, the exact cellular mechanism by which Laminin loss results in the pathological spectrum associated with MDC1A remains elusive. Here we show, via live tracking of individual muscle fibres, that dystrophic myofibres in the zebrafish model of MDC1A maintain sarcolemmal integrity and undergo dynamic remodelling behaviours post detachment, including focal sarcolemmal reattachment, cell extension and hyper-fusion with surrounding myoblasts. These observations imply the existence of a window of therapeutic opportunity, where detached cells may be “re-functionalised” prior to their delayed entry into the cell death program, a process we show can be achieved by muscle specific or systemic Laminin delivery. We further reveal that Laminin also acts as a pro-regenerative factor that stimulates muscle stem cell-mediated repair in lama2-deficient animals in vivo. The potential multi-mode of action of Laminin replacement therapy suggests it may provide a potent therapeutic axis for the treatment for MDC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Hall
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia.,2Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067 Australia
| | - A J Wood
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - O Ehrlich
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - M Li
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - C S Sonntag
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - N J Cole
- 3Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 Australia.,4Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Science, Anderson Stuart Building, Eastern Avenue, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - I G Huttner
- 3Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 Australia
| | - T E Sztal
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia.,5Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - P D Currie
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia.,6EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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18
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Ferrié C, Kasper S, Wanivenhaus F, Flück M. Time course of costamere-related alterations in focal adhesion signaling and composition of rat soleus muscle after achilles tenotomy. Data Brief 2019; 25:103999. [PMID: 31463339 PMCID: PMC6706776 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcolemma-based focal adhesions (costameres) are a central hub for the cytoskeletal anchoring of myofibrils and mechano-regulated signaling. Here we report the time course of alterations in focal adhesion-associated signaling and fiber composition in rat soleus muscle after Achilles tenotomy. The report includes data from tenotomized muscles and contralateral mock controls to expose whether muscle degeneration after tenotomy is due to the transection of the Achilles tendon, or circumjacent surgical manipulations of the tendon. With respect to the interpretation of the data regarding mechanistic implications of costamere-associated processes for surgical repair of the detached muscle-tendon complex the reader is referred to the accompanying research article 'Focal adhesion kinase coordinates costamere-related JNK signaling with muscle fiber transformation after Achilles tenotomy and tendon reconstruction' Ferrié et al., 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ferrié
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kasper
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wanivenhaus
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Boppart MD, Mahmassani ZS. Integrin signaling: linking mechanical stimulation to skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C629-C641. [PMID: 31314586 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00009.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The α7β1-integrin is a transmembrane adhesion protein that connects laminin in the extracellular matrix (ECM) with actin in skeletal muscle fibers. The α7β1-integrin is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is concentrated at costameres and myotendious junctions, providing the opportunity to transmit longitudinal and lateral forces across the membrane. Studies have demonstrated that α7-integrin subunit mRNA and protein are upregulated following eccentric contractions as a mechanism to reinforce load-bearing structures and resist injury with repeated bouts of exercise. It has been hypothesized for many years that the integrin can also promote protein turnover in a manner that can promote beneficial adaptations with resistance exercise training, including hypertrophy. This review provides basic information about integrin structure and activation and then explores its potential to serve as a critical mechanosensor and activator of muscle protein synthesis and growth. Overall, the hypothesis is proposed that the α7β1-integrin can contribute to mechanical-load induced skeletal muscle growth via an mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ziad S Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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20
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Ferrié C, Kasper S, Wanivenhaus F, Flück M. Focal adhesion kinase coordinates costamere-related JNK signaling with muscle fiber transformation after Achilles tenotomy and tendon reconstruction. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:42-56. [PMID: 30879953 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture necessitates rapid tendon reattachment to reinstate plantar flexion before affected muscles deteriorate through muscle fiber atrophy and transformation. The implicated process may involve alterations in sarcolemmal sites of myofibril attachment (costameres), which control myofibrillogenesis via a mechano-regulated mechanism through integrin-associated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). We assessed the contribution of FAK to alterations in fiber type composition and expression of costamere-associated structural proteins, the phosphorylation status of Y397-FAK and downstream mTOR/JNK-P70S6K hypertrophy signaling in rat soleus muscle after Achilles tenotomy and tendon repair. Achilles tenotomy induced a profound deterioration of muscle composition 14 days, but not 4 days, following tendon release, comprising specifically increased area percentages of fast type fibers, fibers with internal nuclei, and connective tissue. Concomitantly, expression of costameric proteins FAK and meta-vinculin, and phosphorylation of T421/S424-P70S6K and T183/Y185-JNK was elevated, all of which was mitigated by tendon reattachment immediately after release. Overexpression of FAK in soleus muscle fibers and reattachment corrected the expression of meta- and gamma-vinculin isoforms to the lower levels in mock controls while further enhancing T183/Y185-JNK phosphorylation and levels of FAK C-terminus-related inhibitory proteins. Co-overexpression of the FAK inhibitor, FRNK, lowered FAK-overexpression driven Y397-FAK phosphorylation and T183/Y185-JNK phosphorylation. FAK levels correlated to molecular and cellular hallmarks of fiber degeneration. The findings demarcate the window between 4 and 14 days after tenotomy as costamere-dependent muscle transformation process, and expose that FAK overexpression prevents molecular aspects of the pathology which within the study limitations does not result in the mitigation of muscle fiber degeneration.250 words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ferrié
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kasper
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wanivenhaus
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Ruoss S, Kindt P, Oberholzer L, Rohner M, Jungck L, Abdel‐Aziz S, Fitze D, Rosskopf AB, Klein K, von Rechenberg B, Gerber C, Wieser K, Flück M. Inhibition of calpain delays early muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tendon release in sheep. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13833. [PMID: 30393967 PMCID: PMC6215759 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rotator cuff (RC) tears are characterized by retraction, fat accumulation, and atrophy of the affected muscle. These features pose an intractable problem for surgical repair and subsequent recovery, and their prevention may be easier than reversal. Using an established ovine model, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of the protease calpain mitigates m. infraspinatus atrophy by preservation of the myofibers' structural anchors in the sarcolemma (the costameres). Already 2 weeks of distal tendon release led to a reduction in muscle volume (-11.6 ± 9.1 cm3 , P = 0.038) and a 8.3% slow-to-fast shift of the fiber area (P = 0.046), which were both entirely abolished by chronic local administration of the calpain inhibitor calpeptin alone, and in combination with sildenafil. Calpain inhibition blunted the retraction of the muscle-tendon unit by 0.8-1.0 cm (P = 0.020) compared with the control group, and prevented cleavage of the costameric protein talin. Calpain 1 and 2 protein levels increased in the medicated groups after 4 weeks, counteracting the efficacy of calpeptin. Hence atrophic changes emerged after 4 weeks despite ongoing treatment. These findings suggest that the early muscular adaptations in the specific case of RC tear in the ovine model are indistinguishable from the atrophy and slow-to-fast fiber transformation observed with conventional unloading and can be prevented for 2 weeks. Concluding, calpain is a potential target to extend the temporal window for reconstruction of the ruptured RC tendon before recovery turns impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Ruoss
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Kindt
- Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Linus Oberholzer
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marco Rohner
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ladina Jungck
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sara Abdel‐Aziz
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Fitze
- Laboratory for Muscle PlasticityUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andrea B. Rosskopf
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Radiology DepartmentBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Karina Klein
- Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM)University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Gerber
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM)University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of OrthopaedicsBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- Department of OrthopaedicsBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM)University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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22
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Exercise and the control of muscle mass in human. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:397-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Flück M, Viecelli C, Bapst AM, Kasper S, Valdivieso P, Franchi MV, Ruoss S, Lüthi JM, Bühler M, Claassen H, Hoppeler H, Gerber C. Knee Extensors Muscle Plasticity Over a 5-Years Rehabilitation Process After Open Knee Surgery. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1343. [PMID: 30337877 PMCID: PMC6178139 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated molecular and cellular parameters which set metabolic and mechanical functioning of knee extensor muscles in the operated and contralateral control leg of 9 patients with a chronically insufficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL; 26.6 ± 8.3 years, 8 males, 1 female) after open reconstructive surgery (week 0), after ambulant physiotherapy under cast immobilization (week 9), succeeding rehabilitation training (up to week 26), and subsequent voluntary physical activity (week 260). Clinical indices of knee function in the operated leg were improved at 52 weeks and remained at a comparable level at week 260. CSA of the quadriceps (-18%), MCSA of muscle fibers (-24%), and capillary-to-fiber ratio (-24%) in m. vastus lateralis from the ACL insufficient leg were lower at week 0 than reference values in the contralateral leg at week 260. Slow type fiber percentage (-35%) and mitochondrial volume density (-39%) were reduced in m. vastus lateralis from the operated leg at weeks 9 and 26. Composition alterations in the operated leg exceeded those in the contralateral leg and, with the exception of the volume density of subsarcolemmal mitochondria, returned to the reference levels at week 260. Leg-specific deterioration of metabolic characteristics in the vasti from the operated leg was reflected by the down-regulation of mitochondrial respiration complex I-III markers (-41-57%) at week 9. After rehabilitation training at week 26, the specific Y397 phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is a proxy for mechano-regulation, was elevated by 71% in the operated leg but not in the contralateral leg, which had performed strengthening type exercise during ambulant physiotherapy. Total FAK protein and Y397 phosphorylation levels were lowered in both legs at week 26 resulting in positive correlations with mitochondrial volume densities and mitochondrial protein levels. The findings emphasize that a loss of mechanical and metabolic characteristics in knee extensor muscle remains detectable years after untreated ACL rupture, which may be aggravated in the post-operative phase by the deterioration of slow-oxidative characteristics after reconstruction due to insufficient load-bearing muscle activity. The reestablishment of muscle composition subsequent to years of voluntary physical activity reinforces that slow-to-fast fiber transformation is reversible in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Flück
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Viecelli
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Bapst
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kasper
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martino V Franchi
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Ruoss
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Lüthi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bühler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Hoppeler
- Department of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gerber
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Rittweger J, Albracht K, Flück M, Ruoss S, Brocca L, Longa E, Moriggi M, Seynnes O, Di Giulio I, Tenori L, Vignoli A, Capri M, Gelfi C, Luchinat C, Francheschi C, Bottinelli R, Cerretelli P, Narici M. Sarcolab pilot study into skeletal muscle's adaptation to long-term spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30246141 PMCID: PMC6141586 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-018-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight causes muscle wasting. The Sarcolab pilot study investigated two astronauts with regards to plantar flexor muscle size, architecture, and function, and to the underlying molecular adaptations in order to further the understanding of muscular responses to spaceflight and exercise countermeasures. Two crew members (A and B) spent 6 months in space. Crew member A trained less vigorously than B. Postflight, A showed substantial decrements in plantar flexor volume, muscle architecture, in strength and in fiber contractility, which was strongly mitigated in B. The difference between these crew members closely reflected FAK-Y397 abundance, a molecular marker of muscle's loading history. Moreover, crew member A showed downregulation of contractile proteins and enzymes of anaerobic metabolism, as well as of systemic markers of energy and protein metabolism. However, both crew members exhibited decrements in muscular aerobic metabolism and phosphate high energy transfer. We conclude that countermeasures can be effective, particularly when resistive forces are of sufficient magnitude. However, to fully prevent space-related muscular deterioration, intersubject variability must be understood, and intensive exercise countermeasures programs seem mandatory. Finally, proteomic and metabolomic analyses suggest that exercise benefits in space may go beyond mere maintenance of muscle mass, but rather extend to the level of organismic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Rittweger
- 1Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,2Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Albracht
- 3Faculty of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen University of Applied Science Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,4Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Flück
- 5Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Ruoss
- 5Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenza Brocca
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Longa
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Seynnes
- 8Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- 9Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- 10Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Vignoli
- CERM Centro di Ricerca di Risonanze Magnetiche, Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- 12Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- 13Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Francheschi
- 12Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,14Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCSS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Narici
- 15Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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25
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Dieffenbach PB, Maracle M, Tschumperlin DJ, Fredenburgh LE. Mechanobiological Feedback in Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:951. [PMID: 30090065 PMCID: PMC6068271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular stiffening in the pulmonary arterial bed is increasingly recognized as an early disease marker and contributor to right ventricular workload in pulmonary hypertension. Changes in pulmonary artery stiffness throughout the pulmonary vascular tree lead to physiologic alterations in pressure and flow characteristics that may contribute to disease progression. These findings have led to a greater focus on the potential contributions of extracellular matrix remodeling and mechanical signaling to pulmonary hypertension pathogenesis. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the cellular response to vascular stiffness includes upregulation of signaling pathways that precipitate further vascular remodeling, a process known as mechanobiological feedback. The extracellular matrix modifiers, mechanosensors, and mechanotransducers responsible for this process have become increasingly well-recognized. In this review, we discuss the impact of vascular stiffening on pulmonary hypertension morbidity and mortality, evidence in favor of mechanobiological feedback in pulmonary hypertension pathogenesis, and the major contributors to mechanical signaling in the pulmonary vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marcy Maracle
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Roberts MD, Haun CT, Mobley CB, Mumford PW, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Vann CG, McCarthy JJ. Physiological Differences Between Low Versus High Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophic Responders to Resistance Exercise Training: Current Perspectives and Future Research Directions. Front Physiol 2018; 9:834. [PMID: 30022953 PMCID: PMC6039846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports suggest there are low and high skeletal muscle hypertrophic responders following weeks to months of structured resistance exercise training (referred to as low and high responders herein). Specifically, divergent alterations in muscle fiber cross sectional area (fCSA), vastus lateralis thickness, and whole body lean tissue mass have been shown to occur in high versus low responders. Differential responses in ribosome biogenesis and subsequent protein synthetic rates during training seemingly explain some of this individual variation in humans, and mechanistic in vitro and rodent studies provide further evidence that ribosome biogenesis is critical for muscle hypertrophy. High responders may experience a greater increase in satellite cell proliferation during training versus low responders. This phenomenon could serve to maintain an adequate myonuclear domain size or assist in extracellular remodeling to support myofiber growth. High responders may also express a muscle microRNA profile during training that enhances insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression, although more studies are needed to better validate this mechanism. Higher intramuscular androgen receptor protein content has been reported in high versus low responders following training, and this mechanism may enhance the hypertrophic effects of testosterone during training. While high responders likely possess “good genetics,” such evidence has been confined to single gene candidates which typically share marginal variance with hypertrophic outcomes following training (e.g., different myostatin and IGF-1 alleles). Limited evidence also suggests pre-training muscle fiber type composition and self-reported dietary habits (e.g., calorie and protein intake) do not differ between high versus low responders. Only a handful of studies have examined muscle biomarkers that are differentially expressed between low versus high responders. Thus, other molecular and physiological variables which could potentially affect the skeletal muscle hypertrophic response to resistance exercise training are also discussed including rDNA copy number, extracellular matrix and connective tissue properties, the inflammatory response to training, and mitochondrial as well as vascular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cody T Haun
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Petey W Mumford
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Matthew A Romero
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Paul A Roberson
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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27
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Abstract
Muscle cells are designed to generate force and movement. There are three types of mammalian muscles-skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and move them relative to each other. Cardiac muscle comprises the heart, which pumps blood through the vasculature. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are known as striated muscles, because the filaments of actin and myosin that power their contraction are organized into repeating arrays, called sarcomeres, that have a striated microscopic appearance. Smooth muscle does not contain sarcomeres but uses the contraction of filaments of actin and myosin to constrict blood vessels and move the contents of hollow organs in the body. Here, we review the principal molecular organization of the three types of muscle and their contractile regulation through signaling mechanisms and discuss their major structural and functional similarities that hint at the possible evolutionary relationships between the cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267
| | - David W Hammers
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267
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28
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Wang D, Gao CQ, Chen RQ, Jin CL, Li HC, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Focal adhesion kinase and paxillin promote migration and adhesion to fibronectin by swine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30845-54. [PMID: 27127174 PMCID: PMC5058722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway contributes to the cell migration and adhesion that is critical for wound healing and regeneration of damaged muscle, but its function in skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) is less clear. We compared the migration and adhesion of SCs derived from two species of pig (Lantang and Landrace) in vitro, and explored how FAK signaling modulates the two processes. The results showed that Lantang SCs had greater ability to migrate and adhere to fibronection (P < 0.05) than Landrace SCs. Compared to Landrace SCs, Lantang SCs expressed many more focal adhesion (FA) sites, which were indicated by the presence of p-paxillin (Tyr118), and exhibited less F-actin reorganization 24 h after seeding onto fibronectin. Levels of p-FAK (Tyr397) and p-paxillin (Tyr118) were greater (P < 0.05) in Lantang SCs than Landrace SCs after migration for 24 h. Similarly, Lantang SCs showed much higher levels of p-FAK (Tyr397), p-paxillin (Tyr118) and p-Akt (Ser473) than Landrace SCs 2 h after adhesion. Treatment with the FAK inhibitor PF-573228 (5 or 10 μmol/L) inhibited Lantang SC migration and adhesion to fibronectin (P < 0.05), decreased levels of p-paxillin (Tyr118) and p-Akt (Ser473) (P < 0.05), and suppressed the formation of FA sites on migrating SCs. Thus FAK appears to play a key role in the regulation of SC migration and adhesion necessary for muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong-Qiang Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Long Jin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Chang Li
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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29
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Li C, Li X, Yao Y, Ma Q, Ni W, Zhang X, Cao Y, Hazi W, Wang D, Quan R, Hou X, Liu Z, Zhan Q, Liu L, Zhang M, Yu S, Hu S. Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs in prenatal and postnatal muscle of sheep. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97165-97177. [PMID: 29228601 PMCID: PMC5722553 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA with circular structure, were generated by back splicing and widely expressed in animals and plants. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs extensively participate in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell autophagy and other biological processes. However, the role and expression of circRNAs in the development and growth of muscle have not been studied in sheep. In our study, we first used RNA-seq to study the circRNAs in prenatal and postnatal longissimus dorsi muscle of sheep. A total of 6113 circRNAs were detected from the RNA-seq data. Several circRNAs were identified using reverse transcription PCR, DNA sequencing and RNase R digestion experiments. The expression levels of several circRNAs in prenatal and postnatal muscle were confirmed by Real-Time RT-PCR. The gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis of the host gene of the circRNAs showed that these circRNAs were mainly involved in the growth and development of muscle related signaling pathways. These circRNAs might sponge microRNAs (miRNAs) in predicted circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. The circRNAs expression profiles in muscle provided an important reference for the study of circRNAs in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Yang Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Qiman Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Wureli Hazi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Renzhe Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Xiaoxu Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Zhijin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Qianqian Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Mengdan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Shuting Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
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30
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Fortes MAS, Scervino MVM, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Vitzel KF, da Justa Pinheiro CH, Curi R. Hypertrophy Stimulation at the Onset of Type I Diabetes Maintains the Soleus but Not the EDL Muscle Mass in Wistar Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:830. [PMID: 29123487 PMCID: PMC5662641 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus induces a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Strength training is prescribed as part of treatment since it improves glycemic control and promotes increase of skeletal muscle mass. The mechanisms involved in overload-induced muscle hypertrophy elicited at the establishment of the type I diabetic state was investigated in Wistar rats. The purpose was to examine whether the overload-induced hypertrophy can counteract the hypotrophy associated to the diabetic state. The experiments were performed in oxidative (soleus) or glycolytic (EDL) muscles. PI3K/Akt/mTOR protein synthesis pathway was evaluated 7 days after overload-induced hypertrophy of soleus and of EDL muscles. The mRNA expression of genes associated with different signaling pathways that control muscle hypertrophy was also evaluated: mechanotransduction (FAK), Wnt/β-catenin, myostatin, and follistatin. The soleus and EDL muscles when submitted to overload had similar hypertrophic responses in control and diabetic animals. The increase of absolute and specific twitch and tetanic forces had the same magnitude as muscle hypertrophic response. Hypertrophy of the EDL muscle from diabetic animals mostly involved mechanical loading-stimulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway besides the reduced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decrease of myostatin expression. Hypertrophy was more pronounced in the soleus muscle of diabetic animals due to a more potent activation of rpS6 and increased mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), mechano-growth factor (MGF) and follistatin, and decrease of myostatin, MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 contents. The signaling changes enabled the soleus muscle mass and force of the diabetic rats to reach the values of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A S Fortes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria V M Scervino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Marzuca-Nassr
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kaio F Vitzel
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
| | - Carlos H da Justa Pinheiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Kasper AM, Turner DC, Martin NRW, Sharples AP. Mimicking exercise in three-dimensional bioengineered skeletal muscle to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of physiological adaptation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1985-1998. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Kasper
- Stem Cells, Ageing, and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - Daniel C. Turner
- Stem Cells, Ageing, and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - Neil R. W. Martin
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences; Loughborough University; Loughborough UK
| | - Adam P. Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing, and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
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32
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Stebbings GK, Williams AG, Morse CI, Day SH. Polymorphisms in PTK2 are associated with skeletal muscle specific force: an independent replication study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:713-720. [PMID: 28251396 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in PTK2 for associations with human muscle strength phenotypes in healthy men. METHODS Measurement of maximal isometric voluntary knee extension (MVCKE) torque, net MVCKE torque and vastus lateralis (VL) specific force, using established techniques, was completed on 120 Caucasian men (age = 20.6 ± 2.3 year; height = 1.79 ± 0.06 m; mass = 75.0 ± 10.0 kg; mean ± SD). All participants provided either a blood (n = 96) or buccal cell sample, from which DNA was isolated and genotyped for the PTK2 rs7843014 A/C and rs7460 A/T SNPs using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Genotype frequencies for both SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X 2 ≤ 1.661, P ≥ 0.436). VL specific force was 8.3% higher in rs7843014 AA homozygotes than C-allele carriers (P = 0.017) and 5.4% higher in rs7460 AA homozygotes than T-allele carriers (P = 0.029). No associations between either SNP and net MVCKE torque (P ≥ 0.094) or peak MVCKE torque (P ≥ 0.107) were observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify a genetic contribution to the inter-individual variability within muscle specific force and provides the first independent replication, in a larger Caucasian cohort, of an association between these PTK2 SNPs and muscle specific force, thus extending our understanding of the influence of genetic variation on the intrinsic strength of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Stebbings
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK.
| | - A G Williams
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C I Morse
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK
| | - S H Day
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK
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Jia X, Ouyang H, Abdalla BA, Xu H, Nie Q, Zhang X. miR-16 controls myoblast proliferation and apoptosis through directly suppressing Bcl2 and FOXO1 activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:674-684. [PMID: 28258011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis mainly involves several steps including myoblast proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and fusion. Except for muscle specific regulators, few miRNAs were proved to coordinate this complex process. Here, we reported that miR-16 inhibited myoblast proliferation and promoted myoblast apoptosis by directly targeting Bcl2 and FOXO1. The expression level of miR-16 was significantly decreased in the hypertrophic pectoral muscle compared to the normal pectoral muscle in chicken. In vitro, elevating miR-16 significantly inhibited myoblast proliferation and promoted myoblast apoptosis, resulting in about 11.2% cells arrested in G1 phase and 12.3% apoptotic cells in the early stage. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses revealed Bcl2 and FOXO1 as direct targets of miR-16. Consist to the effect of miR-16 on myogenesis, specific inhibition of Bcl2 or FOXO1 significantly suppressed myoblast proliferation and induced myoblast apoptosis, indicating that both Bcl2 and FOXO1 contributed to miR-16 regulatory function in myogenesis. Interestingly, FOXO1, as the core target, mediated multiple growth-related pathways induced by miR-16 such as PI3K-AKT-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed that 234 annotated genes bound by FOXO1 in the early-differentiated myoblasts, which were significantly enriched in myogenic proliferation, death and hypotrophy. Altogether, we proposed that miR-16 acted as a coordinated mediator to suppress myogenesis in avian through the control of myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. These findings have provided a novel mechanism whereby miR-16 represses Bcl2 and FOXO1 expression to maintain myoblast growth and skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzheng Jia
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Bahareldin Ali Abdalla
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Haiping Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Deletion of the Ste20-like kinase SLK in skeletal muscle results in a progressive myopathy and muscle weakness. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28153048 PMCID: PMC5288853 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ste20-like kinase, SLK, plays an important role in cell proliferation and cytoskeletal remodeling. In fibroblasts, SLK has been shown to respond to FAK/Src signaling and regulate focal adhesion turnover through Paxillin phosphorylation. Full-length SLK has also been shown to be essential for embryonic development. In myoblasts, the overexpression of a dominant negative SLK is sufficient to block myoblast fusion. Methods In this study, we crossed the Myf5-Cre mouse model with our conditional SLK knockout model to delete SLK in skeletal muscle. A thorough analysis of skeletal muscle tissue was undertaken in order to identify defects in muscle development caused by the lack of SLK. Isometric force analysis was performed on adult knockout mice and compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Furthermore, cardiotoxin injections were performed followed by immunohistochemistry for myogenic markers to assess the efficiency muscle regeneration following SLK deletion. Results We show here that early deletion of SLK from the myogenic lineage does not markedly impair skeletal muscle development but delays the regenerative process. Interestingly, adult mice (~6 months) display an increase in the proportion of central nuclei and increased p38 activation. Furthermore, mice as young as 3 months old present with decreased force generation, suggesting that the loss of SLK impairs myofiber stability and function. Assessment of structural components revealed aberrant localization of focal adhesion proteins, such as FAK and paxillin. Our data show that the loss of SLK results in unstable myofibers resulting in a progressive myopathy. Additionally, the loss of SLK resulted in a delay in muscle regeneration following cardiotoxin injections. Conclusions Our results show that SLK is dispensable for muscle development and regeneration but is required for myofiber stability and optimal force generation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0119-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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35
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Mirzoev TM, Tyganov SA, Petrova IO, Shenkman BS. The realization of a mechanical signal during gravitational unloading: The response of mTORC1 targets to eccentric contractions. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916050213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Narici M, Franchi M, Maganaris C. Muscle structural assembly and functional consequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:276-84. [PMID: 26792340 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.128017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between muscle structure and function has been a matter of investigation since the Renaissance period. Extensive use of anatomical dissections and the introduction of the scientific method enabled early scholars to lay the foundations of muscle physiology and biomechanics. Progression of knowledge in these disciplines led to the current understanding that muscle architecture, together with muscle fibre contractile properties, has a major influence on muscle mechanical properties. Recently, advances in laser diffraction, optical microendoscopy and ultrasonography have enabled in vivo investigations into the behaviour of human muscle fascicles and sarcomeres with varying joint angle and muscle contraction intensity. With these technologies it has become possible to identify the length region over which fascicles and sarcomeres develop maximum isometric force in vivo as well as the operating ranges of fascicles and sarcomeres during real-life activities such as walking. Also, greater insights into the remodelling of muscle architecture in response to overloading and unloading, and in ageing, have been obtained by the use of ultrasonography; these have led to the identification of clinical biomarkers of disuse atrophy and sarcopenia. Recent evidence also shows that the pattern of muscle hypertrophy in response to chronic loading is contraction-mode dependent (eccentric versus concentric), as similar gains in muscle mass, but through differing addition of sarcomeres in series and in parallel (as indirectly inferred from changes in fascicle length and pennation angle), have been found. These innovative observations prompted a new set of investigations into the molecular mechanisms regulating this contraction-specific muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Narici
- University of Nottingham, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Derby Royal Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Martino Franchi
- University of Nottingham, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Derby Royal Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Constantinos Maganaris
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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37
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Hoon JL, Tan MH, Koh CG. The Regulation of Cellular Responses to Mechanical Cues by Rho GTPases. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020017. [PMID: 27058559 PMCID: PMC4931666 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPases regulate many cellular signaling cascades that modulate cell motility, migration, morphology and cell division. A large body of work has now delineated the biochemical cues and pathways, which stimulate the GTPases and their downstream effectors. However, cells also respond exquisitely to biophysical and mechanical cues such as stiffness and topography of the extracellular matrix that profoundly influence cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. As these cellular responses are mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, an involvement of Rho GTPases in the transduction of such cues is not unexpected. In this review, we discuss an emerging role of Rho GTPase proteins in the regulation of the responses elicited by biophysical and mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ling Hoon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Mei Hua Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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38
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mRNA expression characteristics are different in irreversibly atrophic intrinsic muscles of the forepaw compared with reversibly atrophic biceps in a rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2016; 37:17-25. [PMID: 26902607 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-016-9442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), irreversible muscle atrophy occurs much faster in intrinsic muscles of the hand than in the biceps. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, mRNA expression profiles of denervated intrinsic muscles of the forepaw (IMF) and denervated biceps were determined by microarray using the rat model of OBPP where atrophy of IMF is irreversible while atrophy of biceps is reversible. Relative to contralateral control, 446 dysregulated mRNAs were detected in denervated IMF and mapped to 51 KEGG pathways, and 830 dysregulated mRNAs were detected in denervated biceps and mapped to 52 KEGG pathways. In denervated IMF, 10 of the pathways were related to muscle regulation; six with down-regulated and one with up-regulated mRNAs. The remaining three pathways had both up- and down-regulated mRNAs. In denervated biceps, 13 of the pathways were related to muscle regulation, six with up-regulated and seven with down-regulated mRNAs. Five of the pathways with up-regulated mRNAs were related to regrowth and differentiation of muscle cells. Among the 23 pathways with dysregulated mRNAs, 13 were involved in regulation of neuromuscular junctions. Our results demonstrated that mRNAs expression characteristics in irreversibly atrophic denervated IMF were different from those in reversibly atrophic denervated biceps; dysregulated mRNAs in IMF were associated with inactive pathways of muscle regulation, and in biceps they were associated with active pathways of regrowth and differentiation. Lack of self-repair potential in IMF may be a major reason why atrophy of IMF becomes irreversible much faster than atrophy of biceps after denervation.
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Rao RT, Browe DP, Lowe CJ, Freeman JW. An overview of recent patents on musculoskeletal interface tissue engineering. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:53-67. [PMID: 26577344 PMCID: PMC5867895 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1089866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interface tissue engineering involves the development of engineered grafts that promote integration between multiple tissue types. Musculoskeletal tissue interfaces are critical to the safe and efficient transmission of mechanical forces between multiple musculoskeletal tissues, e.g., between ligament and bone tissue. However, these interfaces often do not physiologically regenerate upon injury, resulting in impaired tissue function. Therefore, interface tissue engineering approaches are considered to be particularly relevant for the structural restoration of musculoskeletal tissues interfaces. In this article, we provide an overview of the various strategies used for engineering musculoskeletal tissue interfaces with a specific focus on the recent important patents that have been issued for inventions that were specifically designed for engineering musculoskeletal interfaces as well as those that show promise to be adapted for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit T. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Daniel P. Browe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Christopher J. Lowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Joseph W. Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,Corresponding Author
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40
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Graham ZA, Qin W, Harlow LC, Ross NH, Bauman WA, Gallagher PM, Cardozo CP. Focal adhesion kinase signaling is decreased 56 days following spinal cord injury in rat gastrocnemius. Spinal Cord 2015; 54:502-9. [PMID: 26481700 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on aspects of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway 56 days post injury in rat gastrocnemius. SETTING This study was conducted in Bronx, NY, USA. METHODS Three-month-old male Wistar rats were exposed to either a sham surgery (n=10) or complete T4 spinal cord transection (n=10). Rats were killed 56 days following surgery and the muscle was collected. Following homogenization, proteins of the FAK pathway were analyzed by western immunoblotting or reverse transcription-qPCR. In addition, cellular markers for proteins that target the degradation of FAK were investigated. RESULTS SCI resulted in significantly lower levels of total and phosphorylated FAK, cSrc and p70S6k, and a trend for increased FRNK protein expression. SCI did not change levels of the α7 or β1 integrin subunits, total or phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated Akt and TSC2 or total p70S6k. SCI resulted in a greater expression of total Akt. mRNA expression of FAK and the α7 or β1 integrins remained unchanged between sham and SCI groups. Caspase-3/7 activity and Trim72 mRNA and protein expression remained unchanged following SCI. CONCLUSION SCI results in diminished FAK signaling and is independent of ERK1/2 and Akt. SCI has no effect on mRNA levels for genes encoding components of the focal adhesion 56 days after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Graham
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Qin
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L C Harlow
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - N H Ross
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - W A Bauman
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P M Gallagher
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - C P Cardozo
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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41
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Graham ZA, Gallagher PM, Cardozo CP. Focal adhesion kinase and its role in skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:305-15. [PMID: 26142360 PMCID: PMC4659753 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to respond to different physical stresses. Loading muscle through exercise, either anaerobic or aerobic, can lead to increases in muscle size and function while, conversely, the absence of muscle loading stimulates rapid decreases in size and function. A principal mediator of this load-induced change is focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a downstream non-receptor tyrosine kinase that translates the cytoskeletal stress and strain signals transmitted across the cytoplasmic membrane by integrins to activate multiple anti-apoptotic and cell growth pathways. Changes in FAK expression and phosphorylation have been found to correlate to specific developmental states in myoblast differentiation, muscle fiber formation and muscle size in response to loading and unloading. With the capability to regulate costamere formation, hypertrophy and glucose metabolism, FAK is a molecule with diverse functions that are important in regulating muscle cell health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Graham
- Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Rd., Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christopher P Cardozo
- Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Rd., Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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42
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McGlory C, Phillips SM. Exercise and the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:153-73. [PMID: 26477914 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a critical organ serving as the primary site for postprandial glucose disposal and the generation of contractile force. The size of human skeletal muscle mass is dependent upon the temporal relationship between changes in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown. The aim of this chapter is to review our current understanding of how resistance exercise influences protein turnover with a specific emphasis on the molecular factors regulating MPS. We also will discuss recent data relating to the prescription of resistance exercise to maximize skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Finally, we evaluate the impact of age and periods of disuse on the loss of muscle mass and the controversy surround the etiology of muscle disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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43
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Fortes MAS, Pinheiro CHJ, Guimarães-Ferreira L, Vitzel KF, Vasconcelos DAA, Curi R. Overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy is not impaired in STZ-diabetic rats. Physiol Rep 2015. [PMID: 26197932 PMCID: PMC4552534 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of overload-induced hypertrophy on extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The overload-induced hypertrophy and absolute tetanic and twitch forces increases in EDL and soleus muscles were not different between diabetic and control rats. Phospho-Akt and rpS6 contents were increased in EDL muscle after 7 days of overload and returned to the pre-overload values after 30 days. In the soleus muscle, the contents of total and phospho-Akt and total rpS6 were increased in both groups after 7 days. The contents of total Akt in controls and total rpS6 and phospho-Akt in the diabetic rats remained increased after 30 days. mRNA expression after 7 days of overload in the EDL muscle of control and diabetic animals showed an increase in MGF and follistatin and a decrease in myostatin and Axin2. The expression of FAK was increased and of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 decreased only in the control group, whereas Ankrd2 expression was enhanced only in diabetic rats. In the soleus muscle caused similar changes in both groups: increase in FAK and MGF and decrease in Wnt7a, MuRF-1, atrogin-1, and myostatin. Differences between groups were observed only in the increased expression of follistatin in diabetic animals and decreased Ankrd2 expression in the control group. So, insulin deficiency does not impair the overload-induced hypertrophic response in soleus and EDL muscles. However, different mechanisms seem to be involved in the comparable hypertrophic responses of skeletal muscle in control and diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio S Fortes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Hermano J Pinheiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Kaio F Vitzel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo A A Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Muscle fibres are very specialised cells with a complex structure that requires a high level of organisation of the constituent proteins. For muscle contraction to function properly, there is a need for not only sarcomeres, the contractile structures of the muscle fibre, but also costameres. These are supramolecular structures associated with the sarcolemma that allow muscle adhesion to the extracellular matrix. They are composed of protein complexes that interact and whose functions include maintaining cell structure and signal transduction mediated by their constituent proteins. It is important to improve our understanding of these structures, as mutations in various genes that code for costamere proteins cause many types of muscular dystrophy. In this review, we provide a description of costameres detailing each of their constituent proteins, such as dystrophin, dystrobrevin, syntrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycans, vinculin, talin, integrins, desmin, plectin, etc. We describe as well the diseases associated with deficiency thereof, providing a general overview of their importance.
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Graham ZA, Touchberry CD, Gupte AA, Bomhoff GL, Geiger PC, Gallagher PM. Changes in α7β1 integrin signaling after eccentric exercise in heat-shocked rat soleus. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:562-8. [PMID: 24956997 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α7β1 integrin links the extracellular matrix to the focal adhesion (FA) in skeletal muscle and serves as a stabilizing and signal relayer. Heat shock (HS) induces expression of proteins that interact with the FA. METHODS Male Wistar rats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (CON); eccentric exercise (EE); or EE+HS (HS). Soleus muscle was analyzed at 2 h and 48 h post-exercise. RESULTS The 120-kDa α7 integrin decreased in the EE and HS groups, and the 70-kDa peptide decreased in the EE group at 2 h post-exercise. Total expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and RhoA were decreased in EE and HS at 2 h post-exercise. Expression of phosphorylated FAK(397) decreased in the EE group but not the HS group at 2 h post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS Long-duration EE may cause alterations in the FA in rat soleus muscle through the α7 integrin subunit and FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Graham
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 101DJ Robinson Center, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
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Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ. Exercise and Regulation of Protein Metabolism. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:75-98. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Etheridge T, Rahman M, Gaffney CJ, Shaw D, Shephard F, Magudia J, Solomon DE, Milne T, Blawzdziewicz J, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL, Vanapalli SA, Szewczyk NJ. The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB J 2014; 29:1235-46. [PMID: 25491313 PMCID: PMC4396603 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The integrin-adhesome network, which contains >150 proteins, is mechano-transducing and located at discreet positions along the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interface. A small subset of the integrin-adhesome is known to maintain normal muscle morphology. However, the importance of the entire adhesome for muscle structure and function is unknown. We used RNA interference to knock down 113 putative Caenorhabditis elegans homologs constituting most of the mammalian adhesome and 48 proteins known to localize to attachment sites in C. elegans muscle. In both cases, we found >90% of components were required for normal muscle mitochondrial structure and/or proteostasis vs. empty vector controls. Approximately half of these, mainly proteins that physically interact with each other, were also required for normal sarcomere and/or adhesome structure. Next we confirmed that the dystrophy observed in adhesome mutants associates with impaired maximal mitochondrial ATP production (P < 0.01), as well as reduced probability distribution of muscle movement forces compared with wild-type animals. Our results show that the integrin-adhesome network as a whole is required for maintaining both muscle structure and function and extend the current understanding of the full complexities of the functional adhesome in vivo.—Etheridge, T., Rahman, M., Gaffney, C. J., Shaw, D., Shephard, F., Magudia, J., Solomon, D. E., Milne, T., Blawzdziewicz, J., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P. L., Vanapalli, S. A., Szewczyk, N. J. The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Etheridge
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Shaw
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Shephard
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jignesh Magudia
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak E Solomon
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Milne
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Siva A Vanapalli
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- *Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, and College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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mTOR and the health benefits of exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Blaauw B, Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. Mechanisms modulating skeletal muscle phenotype. Compr Physiol 2014; 3:1645-87. [PMID: 24265241 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of a variety of highly specialized fibers whose selective recruitment allows muscles to fulfill their diverse functional tasks. In addition, skeletal muscle fibers can change their structural and functional properties to perform new tasks or respond to new conditions. The adaptive changes of muscle fibers can occur in response to variations in the pattern of neural stimulation, loading conditions, availability of substrates, and hormonal signals. The new conditions can be detected by multiple sensors, from membrane receptors for hormones and cytokines, to metabolic sensors, which detect high-energy phosphate concentration, oxygen and oxygen free radicals, to calcium binding proteins, which sense variations in intracellular calcium induced by nerve activity, to load sensors located in the sarcomeric and sarcolemmal cytoskeleton. These sensors trigger cascades of signaling pathways which may ultimately lead to changes in fiber size and fiber type. Changes in fiber size reflect an imbalance in protein turnover with either protein accumulation, leading to muscle hypertrophy, or protein loss, with consequent muscle atrophy. Changes in fiber type reflect a reprogramming of gene transcription leading to a remodeling of fiber contractile properties (slow-fast transitions) or metabolic profile (glycolytic-oxidative transitions). While myonuclei are in postmitotic state, satellite cells represent a reserve of new nuclei and can be involved in the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Early changes in costameric and mitochondrial protein expression with unloading are muscle specific. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:519310. [PMID: 25313365 PMCID: PMC4182083 DOI: 10.1155/2014/519310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that load-sensitive expression of costameric proteins, which hold the sarcomere in place and position the mitochondria, contributes to the early adaptations of antigravity muscle to unloading and would depend on muscle fibre composition and chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis (VL) and soleus (SOL) muscles of eight men before and after 3 days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) and subjected to fibre typing and measures for costameric (FAK and FRNK), mitochondrial (NDUFA9, SDHA, UQCRC1, UCP3, and ATP5A1), and MHCI protein and RNA content. Mean cross-sectional area (MCSA) of types I and II muscle fibres in VL and type I fibres in SOL demonstrated a trend for a reduction after ULLS (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10). FAK phosphorylation at tyrosine 397 showed a 20% reduction in VL muscle (P = 0.029). SOL muscle demonstrated a specific reduction in UCP3 content (−23%; P = 0.012). Muscle-specific effects of ULLS were identified for linear relationships between measured proteins, chymotrypsin activity and fibre MCSA. The molecular modifications in costamere turnover and energy homoeostasis identify that aspects of atrophy and fibre transformation are detectable at the protein level in weight-bearing muscles within 3 days of unloading.
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