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Napoli M, Bauer J, Bonod C, Goff SVL, Moali C. PCPE-2 (procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-2): the NON-IDENTICAL twin of PCPE-1. Matrix Biol 2024:S0945-053X(24)00113-6. [PMID: 39251075 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
PCPE-2 was discovered at the beginning of this century, and was soon identified as a close homolog of PCPE-1 (procollagen C-proteinase enhancer 1). After the demonstration that it could also stimulate the proteolytic maturation of fibrillar procollagens by BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases (BTPs), PCPE-2 did not attract much attention as it was thought to fulfill the same functions as PCPE-1 which was already well-described. However, the tissue distribution of PCPE-2 shows both common points and significant differences with PCPE-1, suggesting that their activities are not fully overlapping. Also, the recently established connections between PCPE-2 (gene name PCOLCE2) and several important diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases and cancer have highlighted the need for a thorough reappraisal of the in vivo roles of this regulatory protein. In this context, the recent finding that, while retaining the ability to bind fibrillar procollagens and to activate their C-terminal maturation, PCPE-2 can also bind BTPs and inhibit their activity has substantially extended its potential functions. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about PCPE-2 with a focus on collagen fibrillogenesis, lipid metabolism and inflammation, and discuss how we could further advance our understanding of PCPE-2-dependent biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Napoli
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Bauer
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Bonod
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Moali
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69367 Lyon, France.
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2
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An W, Hall C, Li J, Hung A, Wu J, Park J, Wang L, Bai XC, Choi E. Activation of the insulin receptor by insulin-like growth factor 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2609. [PMID: 38521788 PMCID: PMC10960814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) controls growth and metabolism. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has different binding properties on two IR isoforms, mimicking insulin's function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IGF2-induced IR activation remains unclear. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of full-length human long isoform IR (IR-B) in both the inactive and IGF2-bound active states, and short isoform IR (IR-A) in the IGF2-bound active state. Under saturated IGF2 concentrations, both the IR-A and IR-B adopt predominantly asymmetric conformations with two or three IGF2s bound at site-1 and site-2, which differs from that insulin saturated IR forms an exclusively T-shaped symmetric conformation. IGF2 exhibits a relatively weak binding to IR site-2 compared to insulin, making it less potent in promoting full IR activation. Cell-based experiments validated the functional importance of IGF2 binding to two distinct binding sites in optimal IR signaling and trafficking. In the inactive state, the C-terminus of α-CT of IR-B contacts FnIII-2 domain of the same protomer, hindering its threading into the C-loop of IGF2, thus reducing the association rate of IGF2 with IR-B. Collectively, our studies demonstrate the activation mechanism of IR by IGF2 and reveal the molecular basis underlying the different affinity of IGF2 to IR-A and IR-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong An
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Catherine Hall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Albert Hung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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3
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Geiger M, Gorica E, Mohammed SA, Mongelli A, Mengozi A, Delfine V, Ruschitzka F, Costantino S, Paneni F. Epigenetic Network in Immunometabolic Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300211. [PMID: 37794610 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a large amount of data consistently shows that genes affect immunometabolic characteristics and outcomes, epigenetic mechanisms are also heavily implicated. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, determine gene activity by altering the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors. Various factors influence these alterations, including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental cues. Moreover, acquired epigenetic signals can be transmitted across generations, thus contributing to early disease traits in the offspring. A closer investigation is critical in this aspect as it can help to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms further and gain insights into potential therapeutic targets for preventing and treating diseases arising from immuno-metabolic dysregulation. In this review, the role of chromatin alterations in the transcriptional modulation of genes involved in insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, macrophage polarization, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic cardiomyopathy, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is discussed. An overview of emerging chromatin-modifying drugs and the importance of the individual epigenetic profile for personalized therapeutic approaches in patients with immuno-metabolic disorders is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Geiger
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Era Gorica
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq Ahmed Mohammed
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Mengozi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Delfine
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
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4
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Winans T, Oaks Z, Choudhary G, Patel A, Huang N, Faludi T, Krakko D, Nolan J, Lewis J, Blair S, Lai Z, Landas SK, Middleton F, Asara JM, Chung SK, Wyman B, Azadi P, Banki K, Perl A. mTOR-dependent loss of PON1 secretion and antiphospholipid autoantibody production underlie autoimmunity-mediated cirrhosis in transaldolase deficiency. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103112. [PMID: 37742509 PMCID: PMC10957505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Transaldolase deficiency predisposes to chronic liver disease progressing from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transition from cirrhosis to hepatocarcinogenesis depends on mitochondrial oxidative stress, as controlled by cytosolic aldose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Progression to HCC is critically dependent on NADPH depletion and polyol buildup by aldose reductase (AR), while this enzyme protects from carbon trapping in the PPP and growth restriction in TAL deficiency. Although AR inactivation blocked susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis, it enhanced growth restriction, carbon trapping in the non-oxidative branch of the PPP and failed to reverse the depletion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and liver cirrhosis. Here, we show that inactivation of the TAL-AR axis results in metabolic stress characterized by reduced mitophagy, enhanced overall autophagy, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), diminished glycosylation and secretion of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), production of antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL), loss of CD161+ NK cells, and expansion of CD38+ Ito cells, which are responsive to treatment with rapamycin in vivo. The present study thus identifies glycosylation and secretion of PON1 and aPL production as mTOR-dependent regulatory checkpoints of autoimmunity underlying liver cirrhosis in TAL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Winans
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Z Oaks
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - G Choudhary
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - A Patel
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - N Huang
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - T Faludi
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - D Krakko
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - J Nolan
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - J Lewis
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sarah Blair
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Z Lai
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - S K Landas
- Departments of Pathology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - F Middleton
- Departments of Neuroscience, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - J M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S K Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - B Wyman
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - P Azadi
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - K Banki
- Departments of Pathology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - A Perl
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Nutrient intake is obligatory for animal growth and development, but nutrients alone are not sufficient. Indeed, insulin and homologous hormones are required for normal growth even in the presence of nutrients. These hormones communicate nutrient status between organs, allowing animals to coordinate growth and metabolism with nutrient supply. Insulin and related hormones, such as insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like peptides, play important roles in development and metabolism, with defects in insulin production and signaling leading to hyperglycemia and diabetes. Here, we describe the insulin hormone family and the signal transduction pathways activated by these hormones. We highlight the roles of insulin signaling in coordinating maternal and fetal metabolism and growth during pregnancy, and we describe how secretion of insulin is regulated at different life stages. Additionally, we discuss the roles of insulin signaling in cell growth, stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation. We provide examples of the role of insulin in development across multiple model organisms: Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Suzawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michelle L. Bland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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6
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Johnson K, Leary PJ, Govaere O, Barter MJ, Charlton SH, Cockell SJ, Tiniakos D, Zatorska M, Bedossa P, Brosnan MJ, Cobbold JF, Ekstedt M, Aithal GP, Clément K, Schattenberg JM, Boursier J, Ratziu V, Bugianesi E, Anstee QM, Daly AK. Increased serum miR-193a-5p during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression: Diagnostic and mechanistic relevance. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100409. [PMID: 35072021 PMCID: PMC8762473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Serum microRNA (miRNA) levels are known to change in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may serve as useful biomarkers. This study aimed to profile miRNAs comprehensively at all NAFLD stages. METHODS We profiled 2,083 serum miRNAs in a discovery cohort (183 cases with NAFLD representing the complete NAFLD spectrum and 10 population controls). miRNA libraries generated by HTG EdgeSeq were sequenced by Illumina NextSeq. Selected serum miRNAs were profiled in 372 additional cases with NAFLD and 15 population controls by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS Levels of 275 miRNAs differed between cases and population controls. Fewer differences were seen within individual NAFLD stages, but miR-193a-5p consistently showed increased levels in all comparisons. Relative to NAFL/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with mild fibrosis (stage 0/1), 3 miRNAs (miR-193a-5p, miR-378d, and miR378d) were increased in cases with NASH and clinically significant fibrosis (stages 2-4), 7 (miR193a-5p, miR-378d, miR-378e, miR-320b, miR-320c, miR-320d, and miR-320e) increased in cases with NAFLD activity score (NAS) 5-8 compared with lower NAS, and 3 (miR-193a-5p, miR-378d, and miR-378e) increased but 1 (miR-19b-3p) decreased in steatosis, activity, and fibrosis (SAF) activity score 2-4 compared with lower SAF activity. The significant findings for miR-193a-5p were replicated in the additional cohort with NAFLD. Studies in Hep G2 cells showed that following palmitic acid treatment, miR-193a-5p expression decreased significantly. Gene targets for miR-193a-5p were investigated in liver RNAseq data for a case subgroup (n = 80); liver GPX8 levels correlated positively with serum miR-193a-5p. CONCLUSIONS Serum miR-193a-5p levels correlate strongly with NAFLD activity grade and fibrosis stage. MiR-193a-5p may have a role in the hepatic response to oxidative stress and is a potential clinically tractable circulating biomarker for progressive NAFLD. LAY SUMMARY MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small pieces of nucleic acid that may turn expression of genes on or off. These molecules can be detected in the blood circulation, and their levels in blood may change in liver disease including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To see if we could detect specific miRNA associated with advanced stages of NAFLD, we carried out miRNA sequencing in a group of 183 patients with NAFLD of varying severity together with 10 population controls. We found that a number of miRNAs showed changes, mainly increases, in serum levels but that 1 particular miRNA miR-193a-5p consistently increased. We confirmed this increase in a second group of cases with NAFLD. Measuring this miRNA in a blood sample may be a useful way to determine whether a patient has advanced NAFLD without an invasive liver biopsy.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic
- Biomarker
- CPM, counts per million
- Ct, cycle threshold
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FC, fold change
- FIB-4, fibrosis-4
- FLIP, fatty liver inhibition of progression
- GTEx, Genotype-Tissue Expression
- MicroRNA
- NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PCA, principal component analysis
- SAF, steatosis–activity–fibrosis
- Sequencing
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- logFC, log2 fold change
- miRNA, microRNA
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Johnson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter J. Leary
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew J. Barter
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah H. Charlton
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon J. Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michalina Zatorska
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M. Julia Brosnan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy F. Cobbold
- Oxford Liver Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karine Clément
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jörn M. Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jerome Boursier
- Hepatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K. Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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7
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Chang T, Li M, An X, Bai F, Wang F, Yu J, Lei C, Dang R. Association analysis of IGF2 gene polymorphisms with growth traits of Dezhou donkey. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34935579 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2013860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
IGF2 is an insulin-like growth factor that plays an important role in the development of animal embryos. In order to determine whether IGF2 gene is associated with important economic characteristics of donkeys, we investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IGF2 gene and body size traits of Chinese Dezhou donkeys and analyzed the expression level of IGF2 gene in different tissues of juvenile and adult Dezhou donkeys. In this study, two SNPs (g.281766 G > A and g.291322 C > T) were detected in IGF2 gene, both of which were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05) and were moderately polymorphic (0.25 < PIC < 0.50). Association analysis showed that the two SNP loci were significantly correlated with body length and rump height (p < 0.05) of female Dezhou donkeys. Quantitative results showed that the expression of IGF2 gene was higher in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach and muscle tissues of juvenile donkeys than that of adult donkeys. Together, IGF2 can be considered as a candidate gene for growth and development of female Dezhou donkey, and its polymorphism can be used as a molecular marker for the Dezhou donkey breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoya An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fuxia Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-EE-Jiao Co. Ltd, Dong-E, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruihua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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8
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Warner DR, Warner JB, Hardesty JE, Song YL, Chen CY, Chen Z, Kang JX, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Beneficial effects of an endogenous enrichment in n3-PUFAs on Wnt signaling are associated with attenuation of alcohol-mediated liver disease in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21377. [PMID: 33481293 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001202r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major human health issue for which there are limited treatment options. Experimental evidence suggests that nutrition plays an important role in ALD pathogenesis, and specific dietary fatty acids, for example, n6 or n3-PUFAs, may exacerbate or attenuate ALD, respectively. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the beneficial effects of n3-PUFA enrichment in ALD were mediated, in part, by improvement in Wnt signaling. Wild-type (WT) and fat-1 transgenic mice (that endogenously convert n6-PUFAs to n3) were fed ethanol (EtOH) for 6 weeks followed by a single LPS challenge. fat-1 mice had less severe liver damage than WT littermates as evidenced by reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase, hepatic steatosis, liver tissue neutrophil infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. WT mice had a greater downregulation of Axin2, a key gene in the Wnt pathway, than fat-1 mice in response to EtOH and LPS. Further, there were significant differences between WT and fat-1 EtOH+LPS-challenged mice in the expression of five additional genes linked to the Wnt signaling pathway, including Apc, Fosl1/Fra-1, Mapk8/Jnk-1, Porcn, and Nkd1. Compared to WT, primary hepatocytes isolated from fat-1 mice exhibited more effective Wnt signaling and were more resistant to EtOH-, palmitic acid-, or TNFα-induced cell death. Further, we demonstrated that the n3-PUFA-derived lipid mediators, resolvins D1 and E1, can regulate hepatocyte expression of several Wnt-related genes that were differentially expressed between WT and fat-1 mice. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which n3-PUFAs can ameliorate ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ying L Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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9
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Gui W, Zhu Y, Sun S, Zhu W, Tan B, Zhao H, Shang C, Zheng F, Lin X, Li H. Knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 2 gene disrupts mitochondrial functions in the liver. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:mjab030. [PMID: 33988719 PMCID: PMC8697341 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been reported to be overexpressed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its role in the progression of NAFLD and the potential mechanism remain largely unclear. Using in vitro models, we found that IGF2 was the key overexpressed gene in steatosis, suggesting a possible association between IGF2 and NAFLD. Interestingly, loss-of-function experiments revealed that inhibition of IGF2 protein impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. It additionally disrupted the expression changes of mitochondrial fusion and fission-related proteins necessary in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Consistently, IGF2 knockdown reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, IGF2 regulates mitochondrial functions by modulating the expression of SIRT1 and its downstream gene PGC1α. This research opens a new frontier on the role of IGF2 in energy metabolism, which potentially participates in the development of NAFLD. As such, IGF2 is a potential therapeutic target against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking
Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing,
China
| | - Shuiya Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Tan
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang
Province, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Desoye G, Herrera E. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101082. [PMID: 33383022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - E Herrera
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Expression of genes encoding IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBPs in blood of obese adolescents with insulin resistance. Endocr Regul 2020; 53:34-45. [PMID: 31517621 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of obesity and its metabolic complications is associated with dys-regulation of various intrinsic mechanisms, which control basic metabolic processes via changes in the expression of numerous regulatory genes. The main goal of this work was to study the association between the expression of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and IGF2) and IGF-binding proteins and insulin resistance in obese adolescents for evaluation of possible contribution of these genes in development of insulin resistance. METHODS The expression of IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBPs mRNA was measured in blood of obese adolescents with normal insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance in comparison with the normal (control) individuals. RESULTS In the blood of obese adolescents with normal insulin sensitivity the expression of IGFBP4, IGFBP5 and HTRA1 genes was down-regulated, but IGFBP2 and IGFBP7 genes up-regulated as compared to control (normal) group. At the same time, no significant changes in IGF1 and IGF2 gene expressions in this group of obese adolescents were found. Insulin resistance in obese adolescents led to up-regulation of IGF2, IGFBP2, and IGFBP7 gene expressions as well as to down-regulation of the expression of IGF1, IGFBP5 and HTRA1 genes in the blood in comparison with the obese patients, which have normal insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the level of IGFBP4 gene expression was similar in both groups of obese adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Results of this investigation provide evidence that insulin resistance in obese adolescents is associated with gene specific changes in the expression of IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, and HTRA1 genes and these changes possibly contribute to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
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12
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Shen L, Li C, Wang Z, Zhang R, Shen Y, Miles T, Wei J, Zou Z. Early-life exposure to severe famine is associated with higher methylation level in the IGF2 gene and higher total cholesterol in late adulthood: the Genomic Research of the Chinese Famine (GRECF) study. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:88. [PMID: 31182144 PMCID: PMC6558811 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association of early-life exposure to the Chinese Great Famine (1959–1961) with DNA methylation in IGF2 and its subsequent influence on blood lipid levels in late adulthood among participants of the Genomic Research of the Chinese Famine (GRECF) study. Methods The GRECF study recruited 790 participants born between 1956 and 1964 from 2 neighbor provinces, Anhui and Jiangxi, in China through a multistage, clustered, random sampling. The current study included a random sample of 188 GRECF participants. IGF2 differential methylation region (DMR) is an intragenic DMR located upstream of the imprinted promoters of IGF2 exon 3. DNA methylation were quantified at 8 cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides (CpG) sites at the IGF2 DMR (chr11p15.5) using the Sequenom EpiTYPER method and the MassARRAY system. Multivariate linear regressions were used to evaluate pairwise associations among famine severity, DNA methylation in the IGF2 gene, and lipid levels. We controlled for age and sex in the base model and additionally controlled for education, smoking, and drinking status in the fully adjusted model. Mediation analysis was applied to assess the mediation effect of DNA methylation at the IGF2 gene on the association between early-life exposure to severe famine and adult lipid levels. Results Exposure to severe famine was associated with elevated methylation at CpG1 (chr11: 2126041, build 36) of the IGF2 DMR (β = 0.07; P = 0.0008) and total cholesterol (β = 0.72; P = 1.09 × 10−7). After adjustment for age and sex, each unit increase in methylation of the CpG1 site was associated with 1.09-unit increase in total cholesterol (P = 0.03). After further adjustment for all covariates, these associations were still significant (Pfamine-CpG1 = 0.002, Pfamine-total cholesterol = 1.28 × 10−6, and PCpG1-total cholesterol = 0.05). Conclusion Increased methylation level in the IGF2 gene was associated with early-life exposure to severe famine, and this change was also positively associated with total cholesterol in late adulthood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0676-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Health Sciences Campus, 101 Buck Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Health Sciences Campus, 101 Buck Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Health Sciences Campus, 101 Buck Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Health Sciences Campus, 101 Buck Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Toni Miles
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Health Sciences Campus, 101 Buck Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jingkai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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