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Fleischman JY, Casey JL, Meijer JL, Treutelaar MK, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Evans CR, Burant CF. Sex modulates the diet-induced changes to the plasma lipidome in a rat model of cardiorespiratory fitness. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159451. [PMID: 38191091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with higher intrinsic cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) experience decreased rates of cardiometabolic disease and mortality, and high CRF is associated with increased utilization of fatty acids (FAs) for energy. Studies suggest a complex relationship between CRF, diet, and sex with health outcomes, but this interaction is understudied. We hypothesized that FA utilization differences by fitness and sex could be detected in the plasma metabolome when rats or humans were fed a high carbohydrate (HC) or high fat (HF) diet. METHODS Male and female rats selectively bred for low (LCR) and high (HCR) CRF were fed a chow diet or a sucrose-free HF (45 % fat) or HC (10 % fat) diet. Plasma samples were collected at days 0, 3, and 14. Human plasma data was collected from male and female participants who were randomized into a HC or HF diet for 21 days. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and regression statistics were used to quantify the effect of diet, CRF, and sex on the lipidome. RESULTS In rats, the baseline lipidome is more significantly influenced by sex than by CRF, especially as elevated diglycerides, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylcholines in males. A dynamic response to diet was observed 3 days after diet, but after 14 days of either diet, the lipidome was modulated by sex with a larger effect size than by diet. Data from the human study also suggests a sex-dependent response to diet with opposite directionality of affect compared to rats, highlighting species-dependent responses to dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Y Fleischman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - James L Casey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Weight and Wellness Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America; Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Mary K Treutelaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Charles R Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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Franczak E, Maurer A, Drummond VC, Kugler BA, Wells E, Wenger M, Peelor FF, Crosswhite A, McCoin CS, Koch LG, Britton SL, Miller BF, Thyfault JP. Divergence in aerobic capacity and energy expenditure influence metabolic tissue mitochondrial protein synthesis rates in aged rats. GeroScience 2024; 46:2207-2222. [PMID: 37880490 PMCID: PMC10828174 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated declines in aerobic capacity promote the development of various metabolic diseases. In rats selectively bred for high/low intrinsic aerobic capacity, greater aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to metabolic disease while increasing longevity. However, little remains known how intrinsic aerobic capacity protects against metabolic disease, particularly with aging. Here, we tested the effects of aging and intrinsic aerobic capacity on systemic energy expenditure, metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates using 24-month-old low-capacity (LCR) or high-capacity runner (HCR) rats. Rats were fed low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, with energy expenditure (EE) and metabolic flexibility assessed utilizing indirect calorimetry during a 48 h fast/re-feeding metabolic challenge. Deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling was used to assess mitochondrial protein fraction synthesis rates (FSR) over a 7-day period. HCR rats possessed greater EE during the metabolic challenge. Interestingly, HFD induced changes in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in male and female rats, while HCR female rat RER was largely unaffected by diet. In addition, analysis of protein FSR in skeletal muscle, brain, and liver mitochondria showed tissue-specific adaptations between HCR and LCR rats. While brain and liver protein FSR were altered by aerobic capacity and diet, these effects were less apparent in skeletal muscle. Overall, we provide evidence that greater aerobic capacity promotes elevated EE in an aged state, while also regulating metabolic flexibility in a sex-dependent manner. Modulation of mitochondrial protein FSR by aerobic capacity is tissue-specific with aging, likely due to differential energetic requirements by each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edziu Franczak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Vivien Csikos Drummond
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Emily Wells
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Madi Wenger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | | | - Abby Crosswhite
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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3
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Sadler DG, Treas L, Ross T, Sikes JD, Britton SL, Koch LG, Piccolo BD, Børsheim E, Porter C. Parental cardiorespiratory fitness influences early life energetics and metabolic health. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:145-157. [PMID: 38009224 PMCID: PMC11281807 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00045.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic disease and is linked to superior mitochondrial respiratory function. This study investigated how intrinsic CRF affects bioenergetics and metabolic health in adulthood and early life. Adult rats selectively bred for low and high running capacity [low capacity runners (LCR) and high capacity runners (HCR), respectively] underwent metabolic phenotyping before mating. Weanlings were evaluated at 4-6 wk of age, and whole body energetics and behavior were assessed using metabolic cages. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed in permeabilized tissues through high-resolution respirometry. Proteomic signatures of adult and weanling tissues were determined using mass spectrometry. The adult HCR group exhibited lower body mass, improved glucose tolerance, and greater physical activity compared with the LCR group. The adult HCR group demonstrated higher mitochondrial respiratory capacities in the soleus and heart compared with the adult LCR group, which coincided with a greater abundance of proteins involved in lipid catabolism. HCR and LCR weanlings had similar body mass, but HCR weanlings displayed reduced adiposity. In addition, HCR weanlings exhibited better glucose tolerance and higher physical activity levels than LCR weanlings. Higher respiratory capacities were observed in the soleus, heart, and liver tissues of HCR weanlings compared with LCR weanlings, which were not owed to greater mitochondrial content. Proteomic analyses indicated a greater potential for lipid oxidation in the contractile muscles of HCR weanlings. In conclusion, offspring born to parents with high CRF possess an enhanced capacity for lipid catabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby influencing metabolic health. These findings highlight that intrinsic CRF shapes the bioenergetic phenotype with implications for metabolic resilience in early life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inherited cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) influences early life bioenergetics and metabolic health. Higher intrinsic CRF was associated with reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance in early life. This metabolic phenotype was accompanied by greater mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver tissue. Proteomic profiling of these three tissues further revealed potential mechanisms linking inherited CRF to early life metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sadler
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Lillie Treas
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Taylor Ross
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - James D Sikes
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Craig Porter
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
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Kugler BA, Cao X, Wenger M, Franczak E, McCoin CS, Von Schulze A, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. Divergence in aerobic capacity influences hepatic and systemic metabolic adaptations to bile acid sequestrant and short-term high-fat/sucrose feeding in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R712-R724. [PMID: 37811712 PMCID: PMC11178297 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00133.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
High versus low aerobic capacity significantly impacts the risk for metabolic diseases. Rats selectively bred for high or low intrinsic aerobic capacity differently modify hepatic bile acid metabolism in response to high-fat diets (HFDs). Here we tested if a bile acid sequestrant would alter hepatic and whole body metabolism differently in rats with high and low aerobic capacity fed a 1-wk HFD. Male rats (8 mo of age) that were artificially selected to be high (HCR) and low-capacity runners (LCR) with divergent intrinsic aerobic capacities were transitioned from a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat) to an HFD (45% fat) with or without a bile acid sequestrant (BA-Seq, 2% cholestyramine resin) for 7 days while maintained in an indirect calorimetry system. HFD + BA-Seq increased fecal excretion of lipids and bile acids and prevented weight and fat mass gain in both strains. Interestingly, HCR rats had increased adaptability to enhance fecal bile acid and lipid loss, resulting in more significant energy loss than their LCR counterpart. In addition, BA-Seq induced a greater expression of hepatic CYP7A1 gene expression, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis in HCR rats both on HFD and HFD + BA-Seq diets. HCR displayed a more significant reduction of RQ in response to HFD than LCR, but HFD + BA-Seq lowered RQ in both groups compared with HFD alone, demonstrating a pronounced impact on metabolic flexibility. In conclusion, BA-Seq provides uniform metabolic benefits for metabolic flexibility and adiposity, but rats with higher aerobic capacity display adaptability for hepatic bile acid metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The administration of bile acid sequestrant (BA-Seq) has uniform metabolic benefits in terms of metabolic flexibility and adiposity in rats with high and low aerobic capacity. However, rats with higher aerobic capacity demonstrate greater adaptability in hepatic bile acid metabolism, resulting in increased fecal bile acid and lipid loss, as well as enhanced fecal energy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Madi Wenger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Edziu Franczak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Alex Von Schulze
- Stowers Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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5
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Kugler BA, Thyfault JP, McCoin CS. Sexually dimorphic hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise: a mini-review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:685-691. [PMID: 36701482 PMCID: PMC10027083 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a physiological stress that disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis while enhancing systemic metabolic energy demand mainly through the increased workload of skeletal muscle. Although the extensive focus has been on skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise, the liver senses these disruptions in metabolic energy homeostasis and responds to provide the required substrates to sustain increased demand. Hepatic metabolic flexibility is an energetically costly process that requires continuous mitochondrial production of the cellular currency ATP. To do so, the liver must maintain a healthy functioning mitochondrial pool, attained through well-regulated and dynamic processes. Intriguingly, some of these responses are sex-dependent. This mini-review examines the hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise with a focus on sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Sung HC, Wen YT, Wei L, Huang CC. Low Aerobic Capacity Accelerates Lipid Accumulation and Metabolic Abnormalities Caused by High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Postpartum Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183746. [PMID: 36145123 PMCID: PMC9502809 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Women during pregnancy and postpartum show high rates of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially women with excessive caloric intake. In the past, it was proved that individuals with high intrinsic aerobic exercise capacities showed higher lipid metabolism and lower fat production than those with low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mice with the low-fitness phenotype (LAEC) were more likely to develop metabolic abnormalities and obesity under dietary induction after delivery, and if mice with a high-fitness phenotype (HAEC) had a protective mechanism. After parturition and weaning, postpartum Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice received dietary induction for 12 weeks and were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a normal chow diet (HAEC-ND); high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a high-fat diet (HAEC-HFD); low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a normal chow diet (LAEC-ND); and low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with a high-fat diet (LAEC-HFD). Obesity caused by a high-fat diet led to decreased exercise performance (p < 0.05). Although there were significant differences in body posture under congenital conditions, the LAEC mice gained more weight and body fat after high-fat-diet intake (p < 0.05). Compared with HAEC-HFD, LAEC-HFD significantly increased blood lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and other parameters (p < 0.05), and the content of TG in the liver, as well as inducing poor glucose tolerance (p < 0.05). In addition, after HFD intake, excessive energy significantly increased glycogen storage (p < 0.05), but the LAEC mice showed significantly lower muscle glycogen storage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although we observed significant differences in intrinsic exercise capacity, and body posture and metabolic ability were also different, high-fat-diet intake caused weight gain and a risk of metabolic disorders, especially in postpartum low-fitness mice. However, HAEC mice still showed better lipid metabolism and protection mechanisms. Conversely, LAEC mice might accumulate more fat and develop metabolic diseases compared with their normal rodent chow diet (ND) control counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Wen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116081, Taiwan
| | - Li Wei
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116081, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 6579) (L.W.); +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2619) (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 6579) (L.W.); +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2619) (C.-C.H.)
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7
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Stierwalt HD, Morris EM, Maurer A, Apte U, Phillips K, Li T, Meers GME, Koch LG, Britton SL, Graf G, Rector RS, Mercer K, Shankar K, Thyfault JP. Rats with high aerobic capacity display enhanced transcriptional adaptability and upregulation of bile acid metabolism in response to an acute high-fat diet. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15405. [PMID: 35923133 PMCID: PMC9350427 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats selectively bred for the high intrinsic aerobic capacity runner (HCR) or low aerobic capacity runner (LCR) show pronounced differences in susceptibility for high-fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, replicating the protective effect of high aerobic capacity in humans. We have previously shown multiple systemic differences in energy and substrate metabolism that impacts steatosis between HCR and LCR rats. This study aimed to investigate hepatic-specific mechanisms of action via changes in gene transcription. Livers of HCR rats had a greater number of genes that significantly changed in response to 3-day HFHS compared with LCR rats (171 vs. 75 genes: >1.5-fold, p < 0.05). HCR and LCR rats displayed numerous baseline differences in gene expression while on a low-fat control diet (CON). A 3-day HFHS diet resulted in greater expression of genes involved in the conversion of excess acetyl-CoA to cholesterol and bile acid (BA) synthesis compared with the CON diet in HCR, but not LCR rats. These results were associated with higher fecal BA loss and lower serum BA concentrations in HCR rats. Exercise studies in rats and mice also revealed higher hepatic expression of cholesterol and BA synthesis genes. Overall, these results suggest that high aerobic capacity and exercise are associated with upregulated BA synthesis paired with greater fecal excretion of cholesterol and BA, an effect that may play a role in protection against hepatic steatosis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison D. Stierwalt
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceKansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - E. Matthew Morris
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | | | - Tiangang Li
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Grace M. E. Meers
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Division of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | | | - Greg Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSaha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Division of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Kelly Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Section of Nutrition, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceKansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
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Davis AE, Smyers ME, Beltz L, Mehta DM, Britton SL, Koch LG, Novak CM. Differential weight loss with intermittent fasting or daily calorie restriction in low- and high-fitness phenotypes. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1731-1742. [PMID: 34086376 DOI: 10.1113/ep089434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does intrinsic aerobic capacity impact weight loss with 50% daily caloric restriction and alternate-day fasting? What is the main finding and its importance? Intermittent fasting is effective for weight loss in rats with low fitness, which highlights the importance of how intermittent fasting interacts with aerobic fitness. ABSTRACT Recent interest has focused on the benefits of time-restricted feeding strategies, including intermittent fasting, for weight loss. It is not yet known whether intermittent fasting is more effective than daily caloric restriction at stimulating weight loss and how each is subject to individual differences. Here, rat models of leanness and obesity, artificially selected for intrinsically high (HCR) and low (LCR) aerobic capacity, were subjected to intermittent fasting and 50% calorie restrictive diets in two separate experiments using male rats. The lean, high-fitness HCR and obesity-prone, low-fitness LCR rats underwent 50% caloric restriction while body weight and composition were monitored. The low-fitness LCR rats were better able to retain lean mass than the high-fitness HCR rats, without significantly different proportional loss of weight or fat. In a separate experiment using intermittent fasting in male HCR and LCR rats, alternate-day fasting induced significantly greater loss of weight and fat mass in LCR compared with HCR rats, although the HCR rats had a more marked reduction in ad libitum daily food intake. Altogether, this suggests that intermittent fasting is an effective weight-loss strategy for those with low intrinsic aerobic fitness; however, direct comparison of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting is warranted to determine any differential effects on energy expenditure in lean and obesity-prone phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Davis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark E Smyers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Beltz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Devanshi M Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Colleen M Novak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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9
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Ruan L, Li F, Li S, Zhang M, Wang F, Lv X, Liu Q. Effect of Different Exercise Intensities on Hepatocyte Apoptosis in HFD-Induced NAFLD in Rats: The Possible Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through the Regulation of the IRE1/JNK and eIF2 α/CHOP Signal Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6378568. [PMID: 33815655 PMCID: PMC7987464 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6378568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of different-intensity exercise on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, hepatocyte injury, and apoptosis and the related protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rats. METHOD 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 months old, were randomly divided into the normal control (CON) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, low-intensity exercise (LIE) group, moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) group, and incremental-intensity exercise (IIE) group. Blood lipids were tested by the automatic biochemical analyzer. The changes in liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by the immunohistochemical method. The apoptosis of hepatocytes was detected by the TUNEL method. The protein expression of GRP78, Caspase-3, IRE1, p-IRE1, JNK1, CHOP, PERK, eIF2α, and ATF4 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Our study showed that compared with the HFD group, TG, TC, FFA, and LDL-c were reduced in all exercise groups. The different exercise intensities could reduce the protein expression of ATF4, Bax, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, the antioxidant function and Bcl-2 were increased. However, the moderate-intensity exercise demonstrated more effect on improving the antioxidant capacity and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. Compared with the HFD group, Caspase-3 and JNK were significantly decreased in all exercise groups (P < 0.01) and CHOP was decreased in the LIE and MIE groups (P < 0.05). IRE1, eIF2α, the ratio of p-IRE1/IRE1 (P < 0.01), and ATF4 were decreased (P < 0.05) in the MIE group. Compared with the IIE group, p-IRE1 was decreased (P < 0.05) in the MIE group. GRP78 had no significant difference among the exercise groups. CONCLUSION Exercise at different intensities improved blood lipid and hepatic injury in NAFLD rats. However, the body weight of the rats in each exercise group was not significantly different. Moderate-intensity exercise demonstrated more effect on improving the antioxidant ability and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. The possible mechanism depends on the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways IRE1/JNK and eIF2α/CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ruan
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanghui Li
- School of Sports Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shoubang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- School of Sports and Health Sciences, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianli Lv
- School of Physical Education, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Physical Education, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Maurer A, Ward JL, Dean K, Billinger SA, Lin H, Mercer KE, Adams SH, Thyfault JP. Divergence in aerobic capacity impacts bile acid metabolism in young women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:768-778. [PMID: 32853107 PMCID: PMC7654689 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00577.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver adaptations may be critical for regular exercise and high aerobic capacity to protect against metabolic disease, but mechanisms remain unknown. Bile acids (BAs) synthesized in the liver are bioactive and can putatively modify energy metabolism. Regular exercise influences BA metabolism in rodents, but effects in humans are unknown. This study tested whether female subjects screened for high aerobic capacity (Hi-Fit, n = 19) [peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak) ≥45 mL·kg-1·min-1] have increased hepatic BA synthesis and different circulating BA composition compared with those matched for age and body mass with low aerobic capacity (Lo-Fit, n = 19) (V̇o2peak ≤35 mL·kg-1·min-1). Diet patterns, activity level, stool, and blood were collected at baseline before participants received a 1-wk standardized, eucaloric diet. After the 1-wk standardized diet, stool and blood were again collected and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to assess insulin sensitivity and postprandial BA response. Contrary to our hypothesis, serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a surrogate of BA synthesis, was not different between groups, whereas Hi-Fit women had lower fecal BA concentrations compared with Lo-Fit women. However, Lo-Fit women had a higher and more sustained rise in circulating conjugated BAs during the OGTT. Hi-Fit women showed a significant post-OGTT elevation of the secondary BA, lithocholic acid (a potent TGR5 agonist), in contrast to Lo-Fit women where no response was observed. A 1-wk control diet eliminated most differences in circulating BA species between groups. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of using a standardized diet when evaluating BAs and indicate that regular exercise and aerobic capacity modulate BA metabolism under postprandial conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Women with contrasting exercise and aerobic capacity levels show clear differences in bile acid (BA) metabolism. Women with low aerobic capacity (Lo-Fit) have increased circulating conjugated BAs post oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), whereas women with high aerobic capacity (Hi-Fit) display a transient increase. Hi-Fit women show an increase in the secondary BA, lithocholic acid, during the OGTT not seen in Lo-Fit women. Differences in circulating BA species between Hi- and Lo-Fit women possibly contribute to differences in insulin sensitivity and energy regulation via different signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Maurer
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jaimie L Ward
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kelsey Dean
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Haixia Lin
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
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11
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Fuller KNZ, McCoin CS, Allen J, Bell-Glenn S, Koestler DC, Dorn GW, Thyfault JP. Sex and BNIP3 genotype, rather than acute lipid injection, modulate hepatic mitochondrial function and steatosis risk in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1251-1261. [PMID: 32240015 PMCID: PMC7272752 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00035.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both lipid oversupply and poor mitochondrial function (low respiration and elevated H2O2 emission) have been implicated in the development of hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Mitophagy, the targeted degradation of low-functioning mitochondria, is critical for maintaining mitochondrial quality control. Here, we used intralipid injection combined with acute (4 day) and chronic (4-7wk) high-fat diets (HFD) to examine whether hepatic mitochondrial respiration would decrease and H2O2 emission would increase with lipid overload. We tested these effects in male and female wild type (WT) mice and mice null for a critical mediator of mitophagy, BCL-2/adenovirus EIB 19-kDa interacting protein knockout (BNIP3 KO) housed at thermoneutral temperatures. Intralipid injection was successful in elevating serum triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids but had no impact on hepatic mitochondrial respiratory function or H2O2 emission. However, female mice had greater mitochondrial respiration on the acute HFD and lower H2O2 emission across both HFD durations and were protected against hepatic steatosis. Unexpectedly, BNIP3 KO animals had greater hepatic mitochondrial respiration, better coupled respiration, and increased electron chain protein content after the 4-day HFD, compared with WT animals. Altogether, these data suggest that acute lipid overload delivered by a single intralipid bolus does not alter hepatic mitochondrial outcomes, but rather sex and genotype profoundly impact hepatic mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study focusing on hepatic mitochondrial respiratory outcomes in response to lipid overload via a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with intralipid injection. Novel findings include no effect of intralipid injection on mitochondrial outcomes of interest despite increased circulating lipid concentrations. However, we report pronounced differences in hepatic mitochondrial respiration, complex protein expression, and H2O2 production by sex and BCL-2/adenovirus EIB 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3) genotype. Specifically, female mice had lower H2O2 emission globally and on an acute HFD, females had greater hepatic mitochondrial respiration than males while BNIP3 knockout (KO) animals had greater mitochondrial coupling and complex protein expression than wild-type (WT) animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julie Allen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shelby Bell-Glenn
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
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12
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Thyfault JP, Rector RS. Exercise Combats Hepatic Steatosis: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Diabetes 2020; 69:517-524. [PMID: 32198195 PMCID: PMC7085252 DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, the excess storage of intrahepatic lipids, is a rampant clinical problem associated with the obesity epidemic. Hepatic steatosis is linked to increased risk for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and advanced liver disease. Accumulating evidence shows that physical activity, exercise, and aerobic capacity have profound effects on regulating intrahepatic lipids and mediating susceptibility for hepatic steatosis. Moreover, exercise can effectively reduce hepatic steatosis independent of changes in body mass. In this perspective, we highlight 1) the relationship between obesity and metabolic pathways putatively driving hepatic steatosis compared with changes induced by exercise; 2) the impact of physical activity, exercise, and aerobic capacity compared with caloric restriction on regulating intrahepatic lipids and steatosis risk; 3) the effects of exercise training (modalities, volume, intensity) for treatment of hepatic steatosis, and 4) evidence for a sustained protection against steatosis induced by exercise. Overall, evidence clearly indicates that exercise powerfully regulates intrahepatic storage of fat and risk for steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO
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13
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Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism and Lipogenesis Synergistically Adapt to Mediate Healthy Embryonic-to-Neonatal Transition in Chicken. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20167. [PMID: 31882889 PMCID: PMC6934531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the normal embryonic-to-neonatal development, the chicken liver is subjected to intense lipid burden from high rates of yolk-lipid oxidation and also from the accumulation of the yolk-derived and newly synthesized lipids from carbohydrates. High rates of hepatic lipid oxidation and lipogenesis are also central features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in both rodents and humans, but is associated with impaired insulin signaling, dysfunctional mitochondrial energetics and oxidative stress. However, these adverse effects are not apparent in the liver of embryonic and neonatal chicken, despite lipid burden. Utilizing comprehensive metabolic profiling, we identify that steady induction of hepatic mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipogenesis are central features of embryonic-to-neonatal transition. More importantly, the induction of TCA cycle and lipogenesis occurred together with the downregulation of hepatic β-oxidation and ketogenesis in the neonatal chicken. This synergistic remodeling of hepatic metabolic networks blunted inflammatory onset, prevented accumulation of lipotoxic intermediates (ceramides and diacylglycerols) and reduced reactive oxygen species production during embryonic-to-neonatal development. This dynamic remodeling of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative flux and lipogenesis aids in the healthy embryonic-to-neonatal transition in chicken. This natural physiological system could help identify mechanisms regulating mitochondrial function and lipogenesis, with potential implications towards treatment of NAFLD.
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14
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Watt MJ, Miotto PM, De Nardo W, Montgomery MK. The Liver as an Endocrine Organ-Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1367-1393. [PMID: 31098621 DOI: 10.1210/er.2019-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic lipid metabolism is a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Through the use of advanced mass spectrometry "omics" approaches and detailed experimentation in cells, mice, and humans, we now understand that the liver secretes a wide array of proteins, metabolites, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) and that many of these secreted factors exert powerful effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the rapidly evolving field of "hepatokine" biology with a particular focus on delineating previously unappreciated communication between the liver and other tissues in the body. We describe the NAFLD-induced changes in secretion of liver proteins, lipids, other metabolites, and miRNAs, and how these molecules alter metabolism in liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to induce insulin resistance. We also synthesize the limited information that indicates that extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, may be an important mechanism for intertissue communication in normal physiology and in promoting metabolic dysregulation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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15
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McCoin CS, Von Schulze A, Allen J, Fuller KNZ, Xia Q, Koestler DC, Houchen CJ, Maurer A, Dorn GW, Shankar K, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. Sex modulates hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to high-fat diet and physical activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E298-E311. [PMID: 31039007 PMCID: PMC6732468 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00098.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sexual dimorphism and mitophagy on hepatic mitochondrial adaptations during the treatment of steatosis with physical activity are largely unknown. Here, we tested if deficiencies in liver-specific peroxisome proliferative activated-receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator of biogenesis, and BCL-2/ADENOVIRUS EIB 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3), a mitophagy regulator, would impact hepatic mitochondrial adaptations (respiratory capacity, H2O2 production, mitophagy) to a high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD plus physical activity via voluntary wheel running (VWR) in both sexes. Male and female wild-type (WT), liver-specific PGC-1α heterozygote (LPGC-1α), and BNIP3 null mice were thermoneutral housed (29-31°C) and divided into three groups: sedentary-low-fat diet (LFD), 16 wk of (HFD), or 16 wk of HFD with VWR for the final 8 wk (HFD + VWR) (n = 5-7/sex/group). HFD did not impair mitochondrial respiratory capacity or coupling in any group; however, HFD + VWR significantly increased maximal respiratory capacity only in WT and PGC-1α females. Males required VWR to elicit mitochondrial adaptations that were inherently present in sedentary females including greater mitochondrial coupling control and reduced H2O2 production. Females had overall reduced markers of mitophagy, steatosis, and liver damage. Steatosis and markers of liver injury were present in sedentary male mice on the HFD and were effectively reduced with VWR despite no resolution of steatosis. Overall, reductions in PGC-1α and loss of BNIP3 only modestly impacted mitochondrial adaptations to HFD and HFD + VWR with the biggest effect seen in BNIP3 females. In conclusion, hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to HFD and treatment of HFD-induced steatosis with VWR are more dependent on sex than PGC-1α or BNIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alex Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Julie Allen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Claire J Houchen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arizona
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
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16
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Fuller SE, Huang TY, Simon J, Batdorf HM, Essajee NM, Scott MC, Waskom CM, Brown JM, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Noland RC. Low-intensity exercise induces acute shifts in liver and skeletal muscle substrate metabolism but not chronic adaptations in tissue oxidative capacity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:143-156. [PMID: 31095457 PMCID: PMC6692746 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00820.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptations in hepatic and skeletal muscle substrate metabolism following acute and chronic (6 wk; 5 days/wk; 1 h/day) low-intensity treadmill exercise were tested in healthy male C57BL/6J mice. Low-intensity exercise maximizes lipid utilization; therefore, we hypothesized pathways involved in lipid metabolism would be most robustly affected. Acute exercise nearly depleted liver glycogen immediately postexercise (0 h), whereas hepatic triglyceride (TAG) stores increased in the early stages after exercise (0-3 h). Also, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) gene expression and fat oxidation (mitochondrial and peroxisomal) increased immediately postexercise (0 h), whereas carbohydrate and amino acid oxidation in liver peaked 24-48 h later. Alternatively, skeletal muscle exhibited a less robust response to acute exercise as stored substrates (glycogen and TAG) remained unchanged, induction of PGC-1α gene expression was delayed (up at 3 h), and mitochondrial substrate oxidation pathways (carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid) were largely unaltered. Peroxisomal lipid oxidation exhibited the most dynamic changes in skeletal muscle substrate metabolism after acute exercise; however, this response was also delayed (peaked 3-24 h postexercise), and expression of peroxisomal genes remained unaffected. Interestingly, 6 wk of training at a similar intensity limited weight gain, increased muscle glycogen, and reduced TAG accrual in liver and muscle; however, substrate oxidation pathways remained unaltered in both tissues. Collectively, these results suggest changes in substrate metabolism induced by an acute low-intensity exercise bout in healthy mice are more rapid and robust in liver than in skeletal muscle; however, training at a similar intensity for 6 wk is insufficient to induce remodeling of substrate metabolism pathways in either tissue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Effects of low-intensity exercise on substrate metabolism pathways were tested in liver and skeletal muscle of healthy mice. This is the first study to describe exercise-induced adaptations in peroxisomal lipid metabolism and also reports comprehensive adaptations in mitochondrial substrate metabolism pathways (carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid). Acute low-intensity exercise induced shifts in mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism in both tissues, but training at this intensity did not induce adaptive remodeling of metabolic pathways in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Fuller
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette , Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Tai-Yu Huang
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Simon
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nabil M Essajee
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Matthew C Scott
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Callie M Waskom
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - John M Brown
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Susan J Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Robert C Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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17
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Morris EM, Meers GME, Ruegsegger GN, Wankhade UD, Robinson T, Koch LG, Britton SL, Rector RS, Shankar K, Thyfault JP. Intrinsic High Aerobic Capacity in Male Rats Protects Against Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1179-1192. [PMID: 31144719 PMCID: PMC6482035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low aerobic capacity increases the risk for insulin resistance but the mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we tested susceptibility to acute (3-day) high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in male rats selectively bred for divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity, that is, high-capacity running (HCR) and low-capacity running (LCR) rats. We employed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, tracers, and transcriptome sequencing of skeletal muscle to test whether divergence in aerobic capacity impacted insulin resistance through systemic and tissue-specific metabolic adaptations. An HFD evoked decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in muscle and liver in LCR rats, whereas HCR rats were protected. An HFD led to increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle (twofold) of HCR rats while increasing glucose transport into adipose depots of the LCR rats (twofold). Skeletal muscle transcriptome revealed robust differences in the gene profile of HCR vs LCR on low-fat diet and HFD conditions, including robust differences in specific genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and differentiation. HCR transcriptional adaptations to an acute HFD were more robust than for LCR and included genes driving mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, intrinsic aerobic capacity robustly impacts systemic and skeletal muscle adaptations to HFD-induced alterations in insulin resistance, an effect that is likely driven by baseline differences in oxidative capacity, gene expression profile, and transcriptional adaptations to an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Grace M E Meers
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tommy Robinson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven L Britton
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
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18
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McCommis KS, Finck BN. Treating Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Modulating Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:275-284. [PMID: 30686780 PMCID: PMC6352854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A hepatic comorbidity of metabolic syndrome, known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is increasing in prevalence in conjunction with the pandemics of obesity and diabetes. The spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple hepatic fat accumulation to a more severe disease termed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), involving inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Importantly, NASH is linked to a much higher risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as an increased risk for nonhepatic malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Interest in the understanding of the disease processes and search for treatments for the spectrum of NAFLD-NASH has increased exponentially, but there are no approved pharmacologic therapies. In this review, we discuss the existing literature supporting insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione compounds as potential drug candidates for the treatment of NASH. In addition, we put these results into new context by summarizing recent studies suggesting these compounds alter mitochondrial metabolism by binding and inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Brian N. Finck, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8031, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. fax: (314) 362-8230.
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19
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Baker PR, Friedman JE. Mitochondrial role in the neonatal predisposition to developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3692-3703. [PMID: 30168806 DOI: 10.1172/jci120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global epidemic in obese children and adults, and the onset might have fetal origins. A growing body of evidence supports the role of developmental programming, whereby the maternal environment affects fetal and infant development, altering the risk profile for disease later in life. Human and nonhuman primate studies of maternal obesity demonstrate that risk factors for pediatric obesity and NAFLD begin in utero. The pathologic mechanisms for NAFLD are multifactorial but have centered on altered mitochondrial function/dysfunction that might precede insulin resistance. Compared with the adult liver, the fetal liver has fewer mitochondria, low activity of the fatty acid metabolic enzyme carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1, and little or no gluconeogenesis. Exposure to excess maternal fuels during fetal life uniquely alters hepatic fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, de novo lipogenesis, and mitochondrial health. These events promote increased oxidative stress and excess triglyceride storage, and, together with altered immune function and epigenetic changes, they prime the fetal liver for NAFLD and might drive the risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Baker
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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20
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Wang GE, Li YF, Zhai YJ, Gong L, Tian JY, Hong M, Yao N, Wu YP, Kurihara H, He RR. Theacrine protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating acylcarnitine metabolism. Metabolism 2018; 85:227-239. [PMID: 29727630 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acylcarnitine metabolism disorder contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are, however, few ideal medications for NAFLD, which work by targeting acylcarnitine metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of theacrine, a rare purine alkaloid isolated from Camellia assamica var. kucha, against acylcarnitine metabolism disorder in NAFLD. METHODS The pharmacological activities of theacrine were studied using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mice models. Oleate-treated HepG2 and L-02 cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of theacrine on acylcarnitine metabolism. The target of theacrine was confirmed in vitro as the blockade of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and protein kinase A. RESULTS Theacrine inhibits hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation and improves energy expenditure in HFD-fed mice. Theacrine ameliorates acylcarnitine metabolism disorder in HFD-fed mice and oleate-treated hepatocytes by improving fatty acid oxidation. The underlying mechanism involves theacrine's activation of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 and consequently, the increased activity of long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD) through deacetylation. CONCLUSION Theacrine promotes acylcarnitine metabolism in NAFLD through the SIRT3/LCAD signaling pathway. The target of theacrine's activities on NAFLD is identified as SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-En Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lian Gong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing-Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Mo Hong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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21
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Fletcher JA, Linden MA, Sheldon RD, Meers GM, Morris EM, Butterfield A, Perfield JW, Rector RS, Thyfault JP. Fibroblast growth factor 21 increases hepatic oxidative capacity but not physical activity or energy expenditure in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α-deficient mice. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:408-418. [PMID: 29215172 DOI: 10.1113/ep086629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does a reduction in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which has been observed in an insulin-resistant obese state, impair the ability of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) to modulate metabolism? What is the main finding and its importance? A deficit in hepatic PGC-1α does not compromise the ability of FGF21 to increase hepatic fatty acid oxidation; however, the effects of FGF21 to regulate whole-body metabolism (i.e. total and resting energy expenditure), as well as ambulatory activity, were altered when hepatic PGC-1α was reduced. ABSTRACT Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) treatment drives metabolic improvements, including increased metabolic flux and reduced hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects remain to be elucidated fully. We tested whether a targeted reduction in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which has been shown to occur with obesity, had a negative impact on the metabolic effects of FGF21. We infused FGF21 (1 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or saline in chow-fed wild-type (WT) and liver-specific PGC-1α heterozygous (LPGC-1α) mice for 4 weeks. Administration of FGF21 lowered serum insulin and cholesterol (P ≤ 0.05) and tended to lower free fatty acids (P = 0.057). The LPGC-1α mice exhibited reduced complete hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO; LPGC-1α, 1788 ± 165 nmol g-1 h-1 compared with WT, 2572 ± 437 nmol g-1 h-1 ; P < 0.001), which was normalized by FGF21 treatment (2788 ± 519 nmol g-1 h-1 ; P < 0.001). FGF21 also increased hepatic incomplete FAO by 12% in both groups and extramitochondrial FAO by 89 and 56% in WT and LPGC-1α mice, respectfully (P = 0.001), and lowered hepatic triacylglycerol by 30-40% (P < 0.001). Chronic treatment with FGF21 lowered body weight and fat mass (P < 0.05), while increasing food consumption (P < 0.05), total energy expenditure [7.3 ± 0.60 versus 6.6 ± 0.39 kcal (12 h)-1 in WT mice; P = 0.009] and resting energy expenditure [5.4 ± 0.89 versus 4.6 ± 0.21 kcal (12 h)-1 in WT mice; P = 0.005]. Interestingly, FGF21 only increased ambulatory activity in the WT mice (P = 0.03), without a concomitant increase in non-resting energy expenditure. In conclusion, although reduced hepatic PGC-1α expression was not necessary for FGF21 to increase FAO, it does appear to mediate FGF21-induced changes in total and resting energy expenditure and ambulatory activity in lean mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Fletcher
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melissa A Linden
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Grace M Meers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA.,Medicine - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - James W Perfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA.,Medicine - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Kansas City, MO, USA
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22
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PÄLVE KRISTIINAS, PAHKALA KATJA, SUOMELA EMMI, AATOLA HEIKKI, HULKKONEN JANNE, JUONALA MARKUS, LEHTIMÄKI TERHO, RÖNNEMAA TAPANI, VIIKARI JORMASA, KÄHÖNEN MIKA, HUTRI-KÄHÖNEN NINA, TELAMA RISTO, TAMMELIN TUIJA, RAITAKARI OLLIT. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Fatty Liver. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1834-1841. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Kim ER, Fan S, Akhmedov D, Sun K, Lim H, O'Brien W, Xu Y, Mangieri LR, Zhu Y, Lee CC, Chung Y, Xia Y, Xu Y, Li F, Sun K, Berdeaux R, Tong Q. Red blood cell β-adrenergic receptors contribute to diet-induced energy expenditure by increasing O2 supply. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93367. [PMID: 28724789 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) represents the major cause for the current obesity epidemic, but the mechanism underlying DIO is unclear. β-Adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) play a major role in sympathetic nervous system-mediated (SNS-mediated) diet-induced energy expenditure (EE). Rbc express abundant β-ARs; however, a potential role for rbc in DIO remains untested. Here, we demonstrated that high-fat, high-caloric diet (HFD) feeding increased both EE and blood O2 content, and the HFD-induced increases in blood O2 level and in body weight gain were negatively correlated. Deficiency of β-ARs in rbc reduced glycolysis and ATP levels, diminished HFD-induced increases in both blood O2 content and EE, and resulted in DIO. Importantly, specific activation of cAMP signaling in rbc promoted HFD-induced EE and reduced HFD-induced tissue hypoxia independent of obesity. Both HFD and pharmacological activation cAMP signaling in rbc led to increased glycolysis and ATP levels. These results identify a previously unknown role for rbc β-ARs in mediating the SNS action on HFD-induced EE by increasing O2 supply, and they demonstrate that HFD-induced EE is limited by blood O2 availability and can be augenmented by increased O2 supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ran Kim
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shengjie Fan
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dmitry Akhmedov
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Hoyong Lim
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William O'Brien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Yuanzhong Xu
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leandra R Mangieri
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheng-Chi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Morris EM, McCoin CS, Allen JA, Gastecki ML, Koch LG, Britton SL, Fletcher JA, Fu X, Ding WX, Burgess SC, Rector RS, Thyfault JP. Aerobic capacity mediates susceptibility for the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis. J Physiol 2017; 595:4909-4926. [PMID: 28504310 DOI: 10.1113/jp274281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Low intrinsic aerobic capacity is associated with increased all-cause and liver-related mortality in humans. Low intrinsic aerobic capacity in the low capacity runner (LCR) rat increases susceptibility to acute and chronic high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced steatosis, without observed increases in liver inflammation. Addition of excess cholesterol to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet produced greater steatosis in LCR and high capacity runner (HCR) rats. However, the LCR rat demonstrated greater susceptibility to increased liver inflammatory and apoptotic markers compared to the HCR rat. The progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease observed in the LCR rats following western diet feeding was associated with further declines in liver fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiratory capacity compared to HCR rats. ABSTRACT Low aerobic capacity increases risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver-related disease mortality, but mechanisms mediating these effects remain unknown. We recently reported that rats bred for low aerobic capacity (low capacity runner; LCR) displayed susceptibility to high fat diet-induced steatosis in association with reduced hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory capacity compared to high aerobic capacity (high capacity runner; HCR) rats. Here we tested the impact of aerobic capacity on susceptibility for progressive liver disease following a 16-week 'western diet' (WD) high in fat (45% kcal), cholesterol (1% w/w) and sucrose (15% kcal). Unlike previously with a diet high in fat and sucrose alone, the inclusion of cholesterol in the WD induced hepatomegaly and steatosis in both HCR and LCR rats, while producing greater cholesterol ester accumulation in LCR compared to HCR rats. Importantly, WD-fed low-fitness LCR rats displayed greater inflammatory cell infiltration, serum alanine transaminase, expression of hepatic inflammatory markers (F4/80, MCP-1, TLR4, TLR2 and IL-1β) and effector caspase (caspase 3 and 7) activation compared to HCR rats. Further, LCR rats had greater WD-induced decreases in complete FAO and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Intrinsic aerobic capacity had no impact on WD-induced hepatic steatosis; however, rats bred for low aerobic capacity developed greater hepatic inflammation, which was associated with reduced hepatic mitochondrial FAO and respiratory capacity and increased accumulation of cholesterol esters. These results confirm epidemiological reports that aerobic capacity impacts progression of liver disease and suggest that these effects are mediated through alterations in hepatic mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Julie A Allen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michelle L Gastecki
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Advanced Imaging Research Service, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiarong Fu
- Advanced Imaging Research Service, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Advanced Imaging Research Service, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital-Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Kansas City VA Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, MO, USA
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25
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Falegan OS, Vogel HJ, Hittel DS, Koch LG, Britton SL, Hepple RT, Shearer J. High Aerobic Capacity Mitigates Changes in the Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with Aging. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:798-805. [PMID: 27936752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with declines in maximal oxygen consumption. Declines in aerobic capacity not only contribute to the aging process but also are an independent risk factor for morbidity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Although statistically convincing, the relationships between aerobic capacity, aging, and disease risk remain largely unresolved. To this end, we employed sensitive, system-based metabolomics approach to determine whether enhanced aerobic capacity could mitigate some of the changes seen in the plasma metabolomic profile associated with aging. Metabolomic profiles of plasma samples obtained from young (13 month) and old (26 month) rats bred for low (LCR) or high (HCR) running capacity using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) were examined. Results demonstrated strong profile separation in old and low aerobic capacity rats, whereas young and high aerobic capacity rat models were less predictive. Significantly differential metabolites between the groups include taurine, acetone, valine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide among other metabolites, specifically citrate, succinate, isovalerate, and proline, were differentially increased in older HCR animals compared with their younger counterparts. When interactions between age and aerobic capacity were examined, results demonstrated that enhanced aerobic capacity could mitigate some but not all age-associated alterations in the metabolomic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyemi S Falegan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Dustin S Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Russ T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
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