1
|
Zhang Z, Xie L, Ji H, Chen L, Gao C, He J, Lu M, Yang Q, Sun J, Li D. Effects of different work-to-rest ratios of high-intensity interval training on physical performance and physiological responses in male college judo athletes. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:245-253. [PMID: 38577388 PMCID: PMC10990747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guang Zhou Sport of University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guang Zhou Sport of University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Hongshen Ji
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Lunxin Chen
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guang Zhou Sport of University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Chong Gao
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Min Lu
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Qun Yang
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Duanying Li
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guang Zhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Skattebo Ø, Capelli C, Calbet JAL, Hallén J. Endurance Training Improves Leg Proton Release and Decreases Potassium Release During High-Intensity Exercise in Normoxia and Hypobaric Hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14688. [PMID: 38973702 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of endurance training on skeletal muscle release of H+ and K+. METHODS Nine participants performed one-legged knee extension endurance training at moderate and high intensities (70%-85% of Wpeak), three to four sessions·week-1 for 6 weeks. Post-training, the trained and untrained (control) leg performed two-legged knee extension at low, moderate, and high intensities (40%, 62%, and 83% of Wpeak) in normoxia and hypoxia (~4000 m). The legs were exercised simultaneously to ensure identical arterial inflow concentrations of ions and metabolites, and identical power output was controlled by visual feedback. Leg blood flow was measured (ultrasound Doppler), and acid-base variables, lactate- and K+ concentrations were assessed in arterial and femoral venous blood to study K+ and H+ release. Ion transporter abundances were assessed in muscle biopsies. RESULTS Lactate-dependent H+ release was similar in hypoxia to normoxia (p = 0.168) and was lower in the trained than the control leg at low-moderate intensities (p = 0.060-0.006) but similar during high-intensity exercise. Lactate-independent and total H+ releases were higher in hypoxia (p < 0.05) and increased more with power output in the trained leg (leg-by-power output interactions: p = 0.02). K+ release was similar at low intensity but lower in the trained leg during high-intensity exercise in normoxia (p = 0.024) and hypoxia (p = 0.007). The trained leg had higher abundances of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (p = 0.047) and Na+/K+ pump subunit α (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Moderate- to high-intensity endurance training increases lactate-independent H+ release and reduces K+ release during high-intensity exercise, coinciding with increased Na+/H+ exchanger 1 and Na+/K+ pump subunit α muscle abundances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Skattebo
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlo Capelli
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Education, University of las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jostein Hallén
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Robergs R, O’Malley B, Torrens S, Siegler J. The missing hydrogen ion, part-2: Where the evidence leads to. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:94-100. [PMID: 38463661 PMCID: PMC10918345 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript was to present the evidence for why cells do not produce metabolic acids. In addition, evidence that opposes common viewpoints and arguments used to support the cellular production of lactic acid (HLa) or liver keto-acids have been provided. Organic chemistry reveals that many molecules involved in cellular energy catabolism contain functional groups classified as acids. The two main acidic functional groups of these molecules susceptible to ∼H+ release are the carboxyl and phosphoryl structures, though the biochemistry and organic chemistry of molecules having these structures reveal they are produced in a non-acidic ionic (negatively charged) structure, thereby preventing pH dependent ∼H+ release. Added evidence from the industrial production of HLa further reveals that lactate (La-) is produced followed by an acidification step that converts La- to HLa due to pH dependent ∼H+ association. Interestingly, there is a plentiful list of other molecules that are classified as acids and compared to HLa have similar values for their H+ dissociation constant (pKd). For many metabolic conditions, the cumulative turnover of these molecules is far higher than for La-. The collective evidence documents the non-empirical basis for the construct of the cellular production of HLa, or any other metabolic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Robergs
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Bridgette O’Malley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Sam Torrens
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Jason Siegler
- ASU Health Futures Center, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 6161 East Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, 85054, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Urdampilleta Otegui A, Roche Collado E. Intermittent hypoxia in sport nutrition, performance, health status and body composition. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:224-229. [PMID: 38095103 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intermittent hypoxia refers to the discontinuous use of low oxygen levels in normobaric environment. These conditions can be reproduced in hypoxic tents or chambers while the individual is training in different physical activity protocols. Intermittent hypoxia can affect several body systems, impacting nutrition, physical performance, health status and body composition. Therefore, it is necessary to assess protocols, regarding time and frequency of exposure, passive exposure or training in hypoxia, and the simulated altitude. At the molecular level, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is the primary factor mediating induction of target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. The goal of these molecular changes is to preserve oxygen supply for cardiac and neuronal function. In addition, hypoxia produces a sympathetic adrenal activation that can increase the resting metabolic rate. Altogether, these changes are instrumental in protocols designed to improve physical performance as well as functional parameters for certain pathological disorders. In addition, nutrition must adapt to the increased energy expenditure. In this last context, performing physical activity in intermittent hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity by increasing the presence of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in muscle membranes. These changes could also be relevant for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. Also, the anorectic effect of intermittent hypoxia modulates serotonin and circulating leptin levels, which may contribute to regulate food intake and favor body weight adaptation for optimal sport performance and health. All these actions suggest that intermittent hypoxia can be a very effective tool in sports training as well as in certain clinical protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Roche Collado
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition. Institute of Bioengineering. Universidad Miguel Hernández
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drozdovska S, Zanou N, Lavier J, Mazzolai L, Millet GP, Pellegrin M. Moderate Effects of Hypoxic Training at Low and Supramaximal Intensities on Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Gene Expression in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:1103. [PMID: 37887428 PMCID: PMC10609052 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscle molecular adaptations to different exercise intensities in combination with hypoxia are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of low- and supramaximal-intensity hypoxic training on muscle metabolic gene expression in mice. C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: sedentary and training. Training consisted of 4 weeks at low or supramaximal intensity, either in normoxia or hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.13). The expression levels of genes involved in the hypoxia signaling pathway (Hif1a and Vegfa), the metabolism of glucose (Gys1, Glut4, Hk2, Pfk, and Pkm1), lactate (Ldha, Mct1, Mct4, Pdh, and Pdk4) and lipid (Cd36, Fabp3, Ucp2, Hsl, and Mcad), and mitochondrial energy metabolism and biogenesis (mtNd1, mtNd6, CytC, CytB, Pgc1a, Pgc1β, Nrf1, Tfam, and Cs) were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle. No physical performance improvement was observed between groups. In normoxia, supramaximal intensity training caused upregulation of major genes involved in the transport of glucose and lactate, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, while low intensity training had a minor effect. The exposure to hypoxia changed the expression of some genes in the sedentary mice but had a moderate effect in trained mice compared to respective normoxic mice. In hypoxic groups, low-intensity training increased the mRNA levels of Mcad and Cs, while supramaximal intensity training decreased the mRNA levels of Mct1 and Mct4. The results indicate that hypoxic training, regardless of exercise intensity, has a moderate effect on muscle metabolic gene expression in healthy mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Drozdovska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (N.Z.); (J.L.)
- Biomedical Disciplines Department, Health, Physical Education and Tourism Faculty, National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport, 03150 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (N.Z.); (J.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Lavier
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (N.Z.); (J.L.)
- Angiology Division, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Angiology Division, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (N.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Maxime Pellegrin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (N.Z.); (J.L.)
- Angiology Division, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng YR, Chi CH, Lee CH, Lin SH, Min MY, Chen CC. Probing the Effect of Acidosis on Tether-Mode Mechanotransduction of Proprioceptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12783. [PMID: 37628964 PMCID: PMC10454156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptors are low-threshold mechanoreceptors involved in perceiving body position and strain bearing. However, the physiological response of proprioceptors to fatigue- and muscle-acidosis-related disturbances remains unknown. Here, we employed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to probe the effect of mild acidosis on the mechanosensitivity of the proprioceptive neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in mice. We cultured neurite-bearing parvalbumin-positive (Pv+) DRG neurons on a laminin-coated elastic substrate and examined mechanically activated currents induced through substrate deformation-driven neurite stretch (SDNS). The SDNS-induced inward currents (ISDNS) were indentation depth-dependent and significantly inhibited by mild acidification (pH 7.2~6.8). The acid-inhibiting effect occurred in neurons with an ISDNS sensitive to APETx2 (an ASIC3-selective antagonist) inhibition, but not in those with an ISNDS resistant to APETx2. Detailed subgroup analyses revealed ISDNS was expressed in 59% (25/42) of Parvalbumin-positive (Pv+) DRG neurons, 90% of which were inhibited by APETx2. In contrast, an acid (pH 6.8)-induced current (IAcid) was expressed in 76% (32/42) of Pv+ DRG neurons, 59% (21/32) of which were inhibited by APETx2. Together, ASIC3-containing channels are highly heterogenous and differentially contribute to the ISNDS and IAcid among Pv+ proprioceptors. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of ASIC3-containing ion channels in the physiological response of proprioceptors to acidic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ren Cheng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10090, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Min
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10090, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas C, Delfour‐Peyrethon R, Lambert K, Granata C, Hobbs T, Hanon C, Bishop DJ. The effect of pre-exercise alkalosis on lactate/pH regulation and mitochondrial respiration following sprint-interval exercise in humans. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1073407. [PMID: 36776968 PMCID: PMC9911540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1073407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-exercise alkalosis, induced via ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, on changes to lactate/pH regulatory proteins and mitochondrial function induced by a sprint-interval exercise session in humans. Methods: On two occasions separated by 1 week, eight active men performed a 3 × 30-s all-out cycling test, interspersed with 20 min of recovery, following either placebo (PLA) or sodium bicarbonate (BIC) ingestion. Results: Blood bicarbonate and pH were elevated at all time points after ingestion in BIC vs PLA (p < 0.05). The protein content of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and basigin (CD147), at 6 h and 24 h post-exercise, and sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) 24 h post-exercise, were significantly greater in BIC compared to PLA (p < 0.05), whereas monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC), and carbonic anhydrase isoform II (CAII) content was unchanged. These increases in protein content in BIC vs. PLA after acute sprint-interval exercise may be associated with altered physiological responses to exercise, such as the higher blood pH and bicarbonate concentration values, and lower exercise-induced oxidative stress observed during recovery (p < 0.05). Additionally, mitochondrial respiration decreased after 24 h of recovery in the BIC condition only, with no changes in oxidative protein content in either condition. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that metabolic alkalosis induces post-exercise increases in several lactate/pH regulatory proteins, and reveal an unexpected role for acidosis in mitigating the loss of mitochondrial respiration caused by exercise in the short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Thomas
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, University Paris Saclay, Evry, France,French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Claire Thomas,
| | - Rémi Delfour‐Peyrethon
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance, Paris, France,Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Lambert
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Cesare Granata
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance, Paris, France,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hobbs
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, University Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Christine Hanon
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance, Paris, France,French Athletics Federation, Paris, France
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lemminger AK, Fiorenza M, Eibye K, Bangsbo J, Hostrup M. High-Intensity Exercise Training Alters the Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Exercise-Related Muscle Ionic Shifts in Men. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010053. [PMID: 36670915 PMCID: PMC9855150 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether high-intensity exercise training alters the effect of N-acetylcysteine (a precursor of antioxidant glutathione) on exercise-related muscle ionic shifts. We assigned 20 recreationally-active men to 6 weeks of high-intensity exercise training, comprising three weekly sessions of 4-10 × 20-s all-out bouts interspersed by 2 min recovery (SET, n = 10), or habitual lifestyle maintenance (n = 10). Before and after SET, we measured ionic shifts across the working muscle, using leg arteriovenous balance technique, during one-legged knee-extensor exercise to exhaustion with and without N-acetylcysteine infusion. Furthermore, we sampled vastus lateralis muscle biopsies for analyses of metabolites, mitochondrial respiratory function, and proteins regulating ion transport and antioxidant defense. SET lowered exercise-related H+, K+, lactate-, and Na+ shifts and enhanced exercise performance by ≈45%. While N-acetylcysteine did not affect exercise-related ionic shifts before SET, it lowered H+, HCO3-, and Na+ shifts after SET. SET enhanced muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity and augmented the abundance of Na+/K+-ATPase subunits (α1 and β1), ATP-sensitive K+ channel subunit (Kir6.2), and monocarboxylate transporter-1, as well as superoxide dismutase-2 and glutathione peroxidase-1. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that high-intensity exercise training not only induces multiple adaptations that enhance the ability to counter exercise-related ionic shifts but also potentiates the effect of N-acetylcysteine on ionic shifts during exercise.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaillou T, Treigyte V, Mosely S, Brazaitis M, Venckunas T, Cheng AJ. Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:37. [PMID: 35254558 PMCID: PMC8901468 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of post-exercise cooling (e.g., cold water immersion) and post-exercise heating has become a popular intervention which is assumed to increase functional recovery and may improve chronic training adaptations. However, the effectiveness of such post-exercise temperature manipulations remains uncertain. The aim of this comprehensive review was to analyze the effects of post-exercise cooling and post-exercise heating on neuromuscular function (maximal strength and power), fatigue resistance, exercise performance, and training adaptations. We focused on three exercise types (resistance, endurance and sprint exercises) and included studies investigating (1) the early recovery phase, (2) the late recovery phase, and (3) repeated application of the treatment. We identified that the primary benefit of cooling was in the early recovery phase (< 1 h post-exercise) in improving fatigue resistance in hot ambient conditions following endurance exercise and possibly enhancing the recovery of maximal strength following resistance exercise. The primary negative impact of cooling was with chronic exposure which impaired strength adaptations and decreased fatigue resistance following resistance training intervention (12 weeks and 4–12 weeks, respectively). In the early recovery phase, cooling could also impair sprint performance following sprint exercise and could possibly reduce neuromuscular function immediately after endurance exercise. Generally, no benefits of acute cooling were observed during the 24–72-h recovery period following resistance and endurance exercises, while it could have some benefits on the recovery of neuromuscular function during the 24–48-h recovery period following sprint exercise. Most studies indicated that chronic cooling does not affect endurance training adaptations following 4–6 week training intervention. We identified limited data employing heating as a recovery intervention, but some indications suggest promise in its application to endurance and sprint exercise.
Collapse
|
10
|
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in skeletal muscle and hypothalamus of less or more physically active mice exposed to aerobic training. Life Sci 2022; 307:120872. [PMID: 35948119 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The synthesis of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) can be stimulated by aerobic training, but few is known about this effect associated or not with non-voluntary daily activities. We examined the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training in MCTs on the skeletal muscle and hypothalamus of less or more physically active mice, which can be achieved by keeping them in two different housing models, a small cage (SC) and a large cage (LC). MAIN METHODS Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups. In each housing condition, mice were divided into untrained (N) and trained (T). For 8 weeks, the trained animals ran on a treadmill with an intensity equivalent to 80 % of the individual critical velocity (CV), considered aerobic capacity, 40 min/day, 5 times/week. Protein expression of MCTs was determined with fluorescence Western Blot. KEY FINDINGS T groups had higher hypothalamic MCT2 than N groups (ANOVA, P = 0.032). Significant correlations were detected between hypothalamic MCT2 and CV. There was a difference between the SC and LC groups in relation to MCT4 in the hypothalamus (LC > SC, P = 0.044). Trained mice housed in LC (but not SC-T) exhibited a reduction in MCT4 muscle (P < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that aerobically trained mice increased the expression of MCT2 protein in the hypothalamus, which has been related to the uptake of lactate in neurons. Changes in energy metabolism in physically active mice (kept in LC) may be related to upregulation of hypothalamic MCT4, probably participating in the regulation of satiety.
Collapse
|
11
|
Four Weeks of Intensified Training Enhances On-Ice Intermittent Exercise Performance and Increases Maximal Oxygen Consumption of Youth National-Team Ice Hockey Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1507-1515. [PMID: 35894877 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether 4 weeks of intensified training consisting of speed endurance training (SET) enhanced high-intensity exercise performance in youth national-team ice hockey players. METHODS Utilizing a randomized crossover design, we subjected 17 players to 4 weeks of SET, comprising 6 to 10 × 20 seconds at maximal effort (>95% maximum ice skating speed) with 120-second recovery performed 3 times weekly, or maintenance of regular training (control period). Before and after each period, players completed ice-hockey-specific tests on ice, including a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test, a 30-m sprint test, and an agility test. On a separate day, players were assessed for body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and performed countermovement jump, maximal voluntary isometric knee extensor contraction, a 15-second maximal sprint test, and a submaximal and incremental test on a bike ergometer in which pulmonary oxygen consumption was determined. RESULTS Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test performance increased (P < .001) by 14% (95% CI, 201-496 m) during the SET period. Maximal pulmonary oxygen consumption (P < .05) and time to exhaustion (P < .05) were 4.8% and 6.5% higher, respectively, after the SET period than before. Fat-free mass increased (P < .01) during the SET period by 1.7 kg (95% CI, 1.0-2.5), whereas fat mass remained unchanged. These effects were superior to the control period. CONCLUSIONS These findings underpin the effectiveness of SET for improving on-ice high-intensity performance and highlight that elite ice hockey players can benefit from implementing SET.
Collapse
|
12
|
Panduro J, Vigh-Larsen JF, Ermidis G, Póvoas S, Schmidt JF, Søgaard K, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Randers MB. Acute arm and leg muscle glycogen and metabolite responses to small-sided football games in healthy young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1929-1937. [PMID: 35648211 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have indicated upper body involvement during football, provoking long-term muscular adaptations. This study aimed at examining the acute metabolic response in upper and lower body skeletal muscle to football training organized as small-sided games (SSG). METHODS Ten healthy male recreational football players [age 24 ± 1 (± SD) yrs; height 183 ± 4 cm; body mass 83.1 ± 9.7 kg; body fat 15.5 ± 5.4%] completed 1-h 5v5 SSG (4 × 12 min interspersed with 4-min recovery periods). Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis (VL) and m. deltoideus (DE) pre- and post-SSG for muscle glycogen and metabolite analyses. Blood lactate samples were obtained at rest, middle and end of the SSG. RESULTS Muscle glycogen in VL decreased (P < 0.01) by 21% and tended (P = 0.08) to decrease in DE by 13%. Muscle lactate increased in VL (117%; P < 0.001) and DE (81%; P < 0.001) during the game, while blood lactate rose threefold. Muscle ATP and PCr were unaltered, but intermuscular differences were detected for ATP at both time points (P < 0.001) and for PCr at pre-SSG (P < 0.05) with VL demonstrating higher values than DE, while muscle creatine rose in VL (P < 0.001) by 41% and by 22% in DE (P = 0.02). Baseline citrate synthase maximal activity was higher (P < 0.05) in VL compared to DE, whereas baseline muscle lactate concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in DE than VL. CONCLUSION The upper body may be extensively involved during football play, but besides a rise in muscle lactate in the deltoideus muscle similar to the leg muscles, the present study did not demonstrate acute metabolic changes of an order that may explain the previously reported training effect of football play in the upper extremities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Panduro
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit in Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georgios Ermidis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susana Póvoas
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Jakob Friis Schmidt
- Section for Anaesthesia for ENT, Head Neck & Maxillofacial Surgery and Ortopedi, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Centre of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Morten Bredsgaard Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stecco A, Cowman M, Pirri N, Raghavan P, Pirri C. Densification: Hyaluronan Aggregation in Different Human Organs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:159. [PMID: 35447719 PMCID: PMC9028708 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has complex biological roles that have catalyzed clinical interest in several fields of medicine. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of HA aggregation, also called densification, in human organs. The literature suggests that HA aggregation can occur in the liver, eye, lung, kidney, blood vessel, muscle, fascia, skin, pancreatic cancer and malignant melanoma. In all these organs, aggregation of HA leads to an increase in extracellular matrix viscosity, causing stiffness and organ dysfunction. Fibrosis, in some of these organs, may also occur as a direct consequence of densification in the long term. Specific imaging evaluation, such dynamic ultrasonography, elasto-sonography, elasto-MRI and T1ρ MRI can permit early diagnosis to enable the clinician to organize the treatment plan and avoid further progression of the pathology and dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Stecco
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Mary Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Nina Pirri
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, School of Radiology, Radiology Institute, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Preeti Raghavan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Carmelo Pirri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Monazzami A, Rajabi H, Ghrakhanlou R, Yari K. Endurance training increases skeletal muscle Na/H+ exchanger1 (NHE1) and Na/HCO3 cotransporter1 (NBC1) gene and protein expressions in rats. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Integrated proteomics and metabolomics reveal the variations in the physiological state of spotted seal (Phoca largha) pups following artificial rescue. Genomics 2022; 114:110282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Performance and Recovery of Well-Trained Younger and Older Athletes during Different HIIT Protocols. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10010009. [PMID: 35050974 PMCID: PMC8822894 DOI: 10.3390/sports10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to physiological and morphological differences, younger and older athletes may recover differently from training loads. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are useful for studying the progression of recovery. It was the objective of this study to determine age differences in performance and recovery following different HIIT protocols. Methods: 12 younger (24.5 ± 3.7 years) and 12 older (47.3 ± 8.6 years) well-trained cyclists and triathletes took part in this study. Between the age groups there were no significant differences in relative peak power to fat-free mass, maximal heart rate (HR), training volume, and VO2max-percentiles (%). Participants performed different HIIT protocols consisting of 4 × 30 s Wingate tests with different active rest intervals (1, 3, or 10 min). Peak and average power, lactate, HR, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and recovery (Total Quality Recovery scale, TQR) were assessed. Results: During the different HIIT protocols, metabolic, cardiovascular, and subjective recovery were similar between the two groups. No significant differences were found in average lactate concentration, peak and average power, fatigue (%), %HRmax, RER, RPE, and TQR values between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that recovery following HIIT does not differ between the two age groups. Furthermore, older and younger participants displayed similar lactate kinetics after the intermittent exercise protocols.
Collapse
|
17
|
Aref MS, Abd-Elhady AA, Abd-Elfattah RM, Abdeen HAA. Impact of aerobic versus resistive training on functional capacity in acute myeloid leukemia survivors: a comparative study. FIZJOTERAPIA POLSKA 2021; 21:38-43. [DOI: 10.56984/8zg20986f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background. Cancer-related fatigue is a persistent symptom in acute myeloid leukemia survivors, with associated decreased functional capacity, which further deteriorates their quality of life. The current study aimed to compare between the impact of aerobic training and resistive training on functional capacity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) survivors. Fifty nine patients with AML from both sexes aged between 35 and 45 years,were selected from hematology department in (BLINDED FOR PEER REVIEW), where the study was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups; Group (A) underwent aerobic training in the form of cycling within 50-60% of maximum heart rate. Group (B) underwent resistive training conducted in the form of a series of exercises using free weights, and dumbbells. Sessions were carried out three times per week, for a total of eight weeks period. Six minute walk test (6MWT), 10 repetitions maximum test (10 RM). Ventilatory functions test, fatigue severity assessment (FAS) and quality of life (QoL) scales were measured in both groups before and after the study period. Results. Significant improvement in 6MWT, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and vital capacity in group (A), significant improvement in fatigue and QoL in both groups and significant improvement in 10 RM test in group (B). Conclusion. Both aerobic and resistive training significantly improved functional capacity in acute myeloid leukemia survivors with a more significant improvement due to aerobic training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azza Abdelaziz Abd-Elhady
- Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University Egypt
| | | | - Heba Ahmed Ali Abdeen
- Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kamel NM, Toson RA, Elsayeh SM. Response of Aerobic Capacity to Low-Level Laser Therapy in Burned Patients. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:685-690. [PMID: 34520536 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe burns lead to decreased pulmonary function and impaired aerobic capacity for long periods post-injury. Low-level laser therapy is a modality utilized to improve aerobic capacity, enhance exercise performance and increase time until fatigue when utilized before aerobic exercises. PURPOSE This work aims to determine the impacts of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy on aerobic capacity in burn cases. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Sixty adults burned cases of both sexes, aged from 25 to 40 years, with second-degree healed thermal burns, and the total burned body surface area ranged from 20 to 40% participated in this study after complete wound healing. They were randomly categorized into two groups of equal numbers. The study group received low-level laser therapy before aerobic exercises, three sessions/week for 12 weeks, while the control group performed aerobic exercises three times weekly for 12 weeks. All cases received the routine physical treatment program. Aerobic capacity was assessed for both groups by measuring maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion at baseline and twelve weeks following interventions. FINDINGS There was a statistically significant rise in the mean values of maximum oxygen usage and time to fatigue after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups. However, after comparison, the improvements in the study group were statistically significant than those in the control group with (p < 0.01), (p < 0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION Low-level laser therapy has a beneficial therapeutic impact on promoting aerobic capacity, improving maximum oxygen consumption, and increasing treadmill time in burned cases when preceding aerobic exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokaia Ali Toson
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mohamed Elsayeh
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohr M, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ, Draganidis D, Thomassen M, Ørntoft C, Ermidis G, Loules G, Batsilas D, Poulios A, Papanikolaou K, Randers MB, Krustrup P, Nybo L. Skeletal muscle phenotype and game performance in elite women football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32 Suppl 1:39-53. [PMID: 34427373 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We combined game activity analyses with skeletal muscle phenotypes and comprehensive physiological testing to elucidate factors of importance for physical performance in elite women's football. GPS-data from an experimental game, sprint and endurance testing, and muscle tissue analysis of metabolic enzyme activity, protein expression and fiber type composition were completed for international top-level women players (n = 20; age; 23 ± 4 yrs, height; 166 ± 10 cm, weight; 60 ± 8 kg; VO2max ; 51 ± 6 ml/min/kg). Muscle monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) protein expression explained 46% of the variance in total game distance, while the ability to maintain high-intensity running (HIR) during the final 15 min of the game correlated to myosin heavy chain 1 (MHCI) and Na+ -K+ ATPase β1, FXYD1 (phospholemman) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) protein expression (range: r = 0.51-0.71; all p < 0.05). Total HIR distance correlated with (MHCIIa) protein expression (r = 0.51; p < 0.05), while muscle Na+ /H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) protein explained 36% of the variance in game sprint distance (p < 0.05). Total game accelerations (actions >4 m/s2 ) correlated with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) protein expression (r = 0.51; p < 0.05), while concentric knee flexor strength explained 42-62% of the variance in intense decelerations (>4 m/s2 ). In conclusion, for elite women players' game endurance performance and resistance to end-game fatigue were affected by monocarboxylate transporter expression and myosin heavy chain profile. HIR was also correlated to ion transporter expression and muscle antioxidative capacity. Finally, the importance of functional strength and measures of muscle vascularization in relation to total game decelerations and accelerations, respectively, illustrates the complex physiological demands in elite women's football.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Martin Thomassen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Ørntoft
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Georgios Ermidis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Georgios Loules
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Batsilas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kharaeva Z, Hokonova T, Elmurzaeva J, Dzamihova I, Mayer W, De Luca C, Trakhtman I, Korkina L. Effects of Heavy Isotopes ( 2H 1 and 18O 16) Depleted Water Con-Sumption on Physical Recovery and Metabolic and Immunological Parameters of Healthy Volunteers under Regular Fitness Load. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9080110. [PMID: 34437371 PMCID: PMC8402423 DOI: 10.3390/sports9080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Water depleted of heavy isotopes, such as 2H1 and 18O16 (HIDW), has shown numerous biological/health effects in vitro, in vivo, and in epidemiological studies. Major observations were related to cell growth/differentiation, immune/nervous system responses, endurance/adaptation, mitochondrial electron transfer, energy production, glucose metabolism, etc. No human studies to confirm physiological, metabolic, and immune responses to the consumption of HIDW have been performed. A placebo-controlled study on healthy volunteers (n = 50) under fitness load who consumed 1.5 L HIDW (58 ppm 2H and 1780 ppm 18O) or normal water for 60 days was carried out. Plasma content of 2H1 and 18O16, markers of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, anthropometric, cardio-vascular, oxidant/antioxidant, and immunological parameters were determined. Significant decrease in plasma heavy isotopes in the group consuming HIDW was observed in concomitance with an increase in ATP, insulin, and LDH, and diminished plasma lactate. Several anthropometric and cardio-vascular parameters were improved as compared to placebo group. Lipid markers demonstrated antiatherogenic effects, while oxidant/antioxidant parameters revealed HIDW-induced hormesis. Antibacterial/antiviral immunity was remarkably higher in HIDW versus placebo group. Conclusions: HIDW consumption by humans under fitness load could be a valid approach to improve their adaptation/recovery through several mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Kharaeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, Kabardino-Balkar Berbekov’s State University, 176 Chernishevskogo St., 360000 Nal’chik, Russia; (Z.K.); (T.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Tamara Hokonova
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, Kabardino-Balkar Berbekov’s State University, 176 Chernishevskogo St., 360000 Nal’chik, Russia; (Z.K.); (T.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Jannet Elmurzaeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, Kabardino-Balkar Berbekov’s State University, 176 Chernishevskogo St., 360000 Nal’chik, Russia; (Z.K.); (T.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Irlana Dzamihova
- Fitness Centre “S-Club”, 36 Kuliev Pr., 360030 Nal’chik, Russia;
| | - Wolfgang Mayer
- R&D Department, MEDENA AG, 16 Industriestrasse, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland; (W.M.); (C.D.L.)
| | - Chiara De Luca
- R&D Department, MEDENA AG, 16 Industriestrasse, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland; (W.M.); (C.D.L.)
| | - Ilya Trakhtman
- R&D Department, Swiss DEKOTRA GmbH, 549 Badenerstrasse, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- Centre of Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), 197 Vernadskiy Pr., 119571 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-926-6184086
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Atakan MM, Li Y, Koşar ŞN, Turnagöl HH, Yan X. Evidence-Based Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Exercise Capacity and Health: A Review with Historical Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7201. [PMID: 34281138 PMCID: PMC8294064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engaging in regular exercise results in a range of physiological adaptations offering benefits for exercise capacity and health, independent of age, gender or the presence of chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that lack of time is a major impediment to exercise, causing physical inactivity worldwide. This issue has resulted in momentum for interval training models known to elicit higher enjoyment and induce adaptations similar to or greater than moderate-intensity continuous training, despite a lower total exercise volume. Although there is no universal definition, high-intensity interval exercise is characterized by repeated short bursts of intense activity, performed with a "near maximal" or "all-out" effort corresponding to ≥90% of maximal oxygen uptake or >75% of maximal power, with periods of rest or low-intensity exercise. Research has indicated that high-intensity interval training induces numerous physiological adaptations that improve exercise capacity (maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic endurance, anaerobic capacity etc.) and metabolic health in both clinical and healthy (athletes, active and inactive individuals without any apparent disease or disorder) populations. In this paper, a brief history of high-intensity interval training is presented, based on the novel findings of some selected studies on exercise capacity and health, starting from the early 1920s to date. Further, an overview of the mechanisms underlying the physiological adaptations in response to high-intensity interval training is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Hüseyin Hüsrev Turnagöl
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hostrup M, Cairns SP, Bangsbo J. Muscle Ionic Shifts During Exercise: Implications for Fatigue and Exercise Performance. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1895-1959. [PMID: 34190344 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise causes major shifts in multiple ions (e.g., K+ , Na+ , H+ , lactate- , Ca2+ , and Cl- ) during muscle activity that contributes to development of muscle fatigue. Sarcolemmal processes can be impaired by the trans-sarcolemmal rundown of ion gradients for K+ , Na+ , and Ca2+ during fatiguing exercise, while changes in gradients for Cl- and Cl- conductance may exert either protective or detrimental effects on fatigue. Myocellular H+ accumulation may also contribute to fatigue development by lowering glycolytic rate and has been shown to act synergistically with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to compromise cross-bridge function. In addition, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release function is severely affected by fatiguing exercise. Skeletal muscle has a multitude of ion transport systems that counter exercise-related ionic shifts of which the Na+ /K+ -ATPase is of major importance. Metabolic perturbations occurring during exercise can exacerbate trans-sarcolemmal ionic shifts, in particular for K+ and Cl- , respectively via metabolic regulation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP ) and the chloride channel isoform 1 (ClC-1). Ion transport systems are highly adaptable to exercise training resulting in an enhanced ability to counter ionic disturbances to delay fatigue and improve exercise performance. In this article, we discuss (i) the ionic shifts occurring during exercise, (ii) the role of ion transport systems in skeletal muscle for ionic regulation, (iii) how ionic disturbances affect sarcolemmal processes and muscle fatigue, (iv) how metabolic perturbations exacerbate ionic shifts during exercise, and (v) how pharmacological manipulation and exercise training regulate ion transport systems to influence exercise performance in humans. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1895-1959, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simeon Peter Cairns
- SPRINZ, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hyaluronan and the Fascial Frontier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136845. [PMID: 34202183 PMCID: PMC8269293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology to orthopedics. HA is the most abundant polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. HA can impact cell behavior in specific ways by binding cellular HA receptors, which can influence signals that facilitate cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, as well as migration. Characteristics of HA, such as its abundance in a variety of tissues and its responsiveness to chemical, mechanical and hormonal modifications, has made HA an attractive molecule for a wide range of applications. Despite being discovered over 80 years ago, its properties within the world of fascia have only recently received attention. Our fascial system penetrates and envelopes all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, providing the body with a functional structure and an environment that enables all bodily systems to operate in an integrated manner. Recognized interactions between cells and their HA-rich extracellular microenvironment support the importance of studying the relationship between HA and the body’s fascial system. From fasciacytes to chronic pain, this review aims to highlight the connections between HA and fascial health.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ko YJ, Kim JS. Effects of Kinesio taping on blood fatigue factors after isokinetic exercise. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:145-149. [PMID: 34012941 PMCID: PMC8103188 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142186.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of Kinesio taping on recovery from fatigue induced by an exercise of concentric contraction using an isokinetic machine. Eight healthy collegiate students participated in two experiments: the Kinesio taping application condition and the no Kinesio taping application condition. The fatigue was induced by concentric exercise at 60°/sec, 50 repetitions for one session, and repeated 3 sessions. Changes of blood ammonia, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine kinase (CK) were monitored. Blood was collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, 24 hr after exercise, and 72 hr after exercise. Blood ammonia tended to reduce during the recovery process, but no differences were found between conditions. Blood lactate tended to reduce during the recovery process, but no differences were found between conditions. In the blood LDH, no differences were found between conditions. Blood creatine kinase tended to reduce during the recovery process, but no differences were found between conditions. The present results showed that Kinesio taping did not affect the recovery phase of blood ammonia, lactate concentration, LDH, and CK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Ko
- Major in Sport Service Practice, College of Welfare Convergence, Kangnam University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jun-Su Kim
- Department of Sports and Outdoors, College of Bio Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Age- and Sex-Related Differences in Recovery From High-Intensity and Endurance Exercise: A Brief Review. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:752-762. [PMID: 33883293 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postexercise recovery is a fundamental component for continuous performance enhancement. Due to physiological and morphological changes in aging and alterations in performance capacity, athletes of different ages may recover at different rates from physical exercise. Differences in body composition, physiological function, and exercise performance between men and women may also have a direct influence on restoration processes. PURPOSE This brief review examines current research to indicate possible differences in recovery processes between male and female athletes of different age groups. The paper focuses on postexercise recovery following sprint and endurance tests and tries to identify determinants that modulate possible differences in recovery between male and female subjects of different age groups. RESULTS The literature analysis indicates age- and sex-dependent differences in short- and long-term recovery. Short-term recovery differs among children, adults, and masters. Children have shorter lactate half-life and a faster cardiac and respiratory recovery compared to adults. Additionally, children and masters require shorter recovery periods during interval bouts than trained adults. Trained women show a slower cardiac and respiratory recovery compared to trained men. Long-term recovery is strongly determined by the extent of muscle damage. Trained adults tend to have more extensive muscle damage compared to masters and children. CONCLUSION The influence of age and sex on the recovery process varies among the different functional systems and depends on the time of the recovery processes. Irrespective of age and sex, the performance capacity of the individual determines the recovery process after high-intensity and endurance exercise.
Collapse
|
26
|
Robergs RA. Quantifying H + exchange from muscle cytosolic energy catabolism using metabolite flux and H + coefficients from multiple competitive cation binding: New evidence for consideration in established theories. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14728. [PMID: 33904663 PMCID: PMC8077081 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to present calculations of fractional H+ exchange (~H+e ) from the chemical reactions of non-mitochondrial energy catabolism. Data of muscle pH and metabolite accumulation were based on published research for intense exercise to contractile failure within ~3 min, from which capacities and time profiles were modeled. Data were obtained from prior research for multiple competitive cation dissociation constants of metabolites and the chemical reactions of non-mitochondrial energy catabolism, and pH dependent calculations of ~H+e from specific chemical reactions. Data revealed that the 3 min of intense exercise incurred a total ATP turnover of 142.5 mmol L-1 , with a total intramuscular ~H+ exchange (-'ve = release) of -187.9 mmol L-1 . Total ~H+ metabolic consumption was 130.6 mmol L-1 , revealing a net total ~H+e (~H+te ) of -57.3 mmol L-1 . Lactate production had a ~H+te of 44.2 mmol L-1 (for a peak accumulation = 45 mmol L-1 ). The net ~H+te for the sum of the CK, AK, and AMPD reactions was 36.33 mmol L-1 . The ~H+te from ATP turnover equaled -47.5 mmol L-1 . The total ~H+ release to lactate ratio was 4.3 (187.9/44). Muscle ~H+ release during intense exercise is up to ~4-fold larger than previously assumed based on the lactic acid construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Robergs
- School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesFaculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQLDAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Christiansen D, Eibye K, Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. The effect of blood-flow-restricted interval training on lactate and H + dynamics during dynamic exercise in man. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13580. [PMID: 33222371 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess how blood-flow-restricted (BFR) interval-training affects the capacity of the leg muscles for pH regulation during dynamic exercise in physically trained men. METHODS Ten men (age: 25 ± 4y; V ˙ O 2 max : 50 ± 5 mL∙kg-1 ∙min-1 ) completed a 6-wk interval-cycling intervention (INT) with one leg under BFR (BFR-leg; ~180 mmHg) and the other without BFR (CON-leg). Before and after INT, thigh net H+ -release (lactate-dependent, lactate-independent and sum) and blood acid/base variables were measured during knee-extensor exercise at 25% (Ex25) and 90% (Ex90) of incremental peak power output. A muscle biopsy was collected before and after Ex90 to determine pH, lactate and density of H+ -transport/buffering systems. RESULTS After INT, net H+ release (BFR-leg: 15 ± 2; CON-leg: 13 ± 3; mmol·min-1 ; Mean ± 95% CI), net lactate-independent H+ release (BFR-leg: 8 ± 1; CON-leg: 4 ± 1; mmol·min-1 ) and net lactate-dependent H+ release (BFR-leg: 9 ± 3; CON-leg: 10 ± 3; mmol·min-1 ) were similar between legs during Ex90 (P > .05), despite a ~142% lower muscle intracellular-to-interstitial lactate gradient in BFR-leg (-3 ± 4 vs 6 ± 6 mmol·L-1 ; P < .05). In recovery from Ex90, net lactate-dependent H+ efflux decreased in BFR-leg with INT (P < .05 vs CON-leg) owing to lowered muscle lactate production (~58% vs CON-leg, P < .05). Net H+ gradient was not different between legs (~19%, P > .05; BFR-leg: 48 ± 30; CON-leg: 44 ± 23; mmol·L-1 ). In BFR-leg, NHE1 density was higher than in CON-leg (~45%; P < .05) and correlated with total-net H+ -release (r = 0.71; P = .031) and lactate-independent H+ release (r = 0.74; P = .023) after INT, where arterial [ HCO 3 - ] and standard base excess in Ex25 were higher in BFR-leg than CON-leg. CONCLUSION Compared to a training control, BFR-interval training increases the capacity for pH regulation during dynamic exercise mainly via enhancement of muscle lactate-dependent H+ -transport function and blood H+ -buffering capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Kasper Eibye
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Stretching exercises are integral part of the rehabilitation and sport. Despite this, the mechanism behind its proposed effect remains ambiguous. It is assumed that flexibility increases, e.g., action on muscle and tendon, respectively, but this is not always present in the stretching protocol of the exercises used. Recently, the fasciae have increased popularity and seems that they can have a role to define the flexibility and the perception of the limitation of the maximal range of motion (ROM). Deep fascia is also considered a key element to transmit load in parallel bypassing the joints, transmitting around 30% of the force generated during a muscular contraction. So, it seems impossible dividing the action of the muscles from the fasciae, but they have to be considered as a “myofascial unit”. The purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate the mechanical behavior of muscles, tendons, and fasciae to better understand how they can interact during passive stretching. Stress-strain values of muscle, tendon and fascia demonstrate that during passive stretching, the fascia is the first tissue that limit the elongation, suggesting that fascial tissue is probably the major target of static stretching. A better understanding of myofascial force transmission, and the study of the biomechanical behavior of fasciae, with also the thixotropic effect, can help to design a correct plan of stretching.
Collapse
|
29
|
de Asís-Fernández F, Del Corral T, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I. Effects of inspiratory muscle training versus high intensity interval training on the recovery capacity after a maximal dynamic apnoea in breath-hold divers. A randomised crossover trial. Diving Hyperb Med 2020; 50:318-324. [PMID: 33325010 DOI: 10.28920/dhm50.4.318-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After a maximal apnoea, breath-hold divers must restore O2 levels and clear CO2 and lactic acid produced. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) could be employed with the aim of increasing recovery capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the relative effects of IMT versus HIIT on recovery of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and also on pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle strength, lactate and heart rate recovery after a maximal dynamic apnoea in breath-hold divers. METHODS Fifteen breath-hold divers performed two training interventions (IMT and HIIT) for 20 min, three days per week over four weeks in randomised order with a two week washout period. RESULTS IMT produced a > 3 s reduction in SpO2 recovery time compared to HIIT. The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) were significantly increased in the IMT group compared to HIIT. The magnitude of these differences in favour of IMT was large in both cases. Neither training intervention was superior to the other for heart rate recovery time, nor in peak- and recovery- lactate. CONCLUSIONS IMT produced a reduction in SpO2 recovery time compared to HIIT after maximal dynamic apnoea. Even a 3 s improvement in recovery could be important in scenarios like underwater hockey where repetitive apnoeas during high levels of exercise are separated by only seconds. IMT also improved FEV1 and MIP, but no differences in lactate and heart rate recovery were found post-apnoea between HIIT and IMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Asís-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Breatherapy Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Del Corral
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Breatherapy Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Corresponding author: Professor Tamara del Corral, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain,
| | - Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Merlet AN, Féasson L, Bartolucci P, Hourdé C, Schwalm C, Gellen B, Galactéros F, Deldicque L, Francaux M, Messonnier LA. Muscle structural, energetic and functional benefits of endurance exercise training in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:1257-1268. [PMID: 32681734 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients display skeletal muscle hypotrophy, altered oxidative capacity, exercise intolerance and poor quality of life. We previously demonstrated that moderate-intensity endurance training is beneficial for improving muscle function and quality of life of patients. The present study evaluated the effects of this moderate-intensity endurance training program on skeletal muscle structural and metabolic properties. Of the 40 randomized SCD patients, complete data sets were obtained from 33. The training group (n = 15) followed a personalized moderate-intensity endurance training program, while the non-training (n = 18) group maintained a normal lifestyle. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle and submaximal incremental cycling tests were performed before and after the training program. Endurance training increased type I muscle fiber surface area (P = .038), oxidative enzyme activity [citrate synthase, P < .001; β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, P = .009; type-I fiber cytochrome c oxidase, P = .042; respiratory chain complex IV, P = .017] and contents of respiratory chain complexes I (P = .049), III (P = .005), IV (P = .003) and V (P = .002). Respiratory frequency, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion were all lower at a given submaximal power output after training vs non-training group (all P < .05). The muscle content of proteins involved in glucose transport and pH regulation were unchanged in the training group relative to the non-training group. The moderate-intensity endurance exercise program improved exercise capacity and muscle structural and oxidative properties. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02571088.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angèle N. Merlet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint‐Etienne France
- Unité de Myologie, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice Hôpital Universitaire de Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- Service de Médecine Interne Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (AP‐HP), Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
- Service de Santé Publique Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (AP‐HP), Université Paris‐Est Créteil Créteil France
| | - Christophe Hourdé
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
| | - Céline Schwalm
- Institute of Neuroscience Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- Service de Réhabilitation Cardiaque Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris [APHP]) Créteil France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Service de Santé Publique Hôpital Henri‐Mondor (AP‐HP), Université Paris‐Est Créteil Créteil France
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Laurent A. Messonnier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Université Savoie Mont Blanc Chambéry France
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Ultra Short Race Pace training (USRPT) is an emerging training modality devised in 2011 to deviate from high-volume swimming training that is typically prescribed. USRPT aims to replicate the exact demands of racing, through its unique prescription of race-pace velocity sets with short rest intervals. It has been surmised, with little physiological evidence, that USRPT provides swimmers with the best opportunity to optimize the conditioning, technique, and psychology aspects of racing at the most specific velocity of the relevant event, with low blood lactate concentration. The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses of USRPT. Fourteen swimmers were recruited to perform a USRPT set: 20 x 25 m freestyle with a 35-s rest interval. Swimmers were required to maintain the velocity of their 100 m personal best time for each sprint. Sprint performance, blood lactate, heart rate and the RPE were measured. Blood lactate was taken before, during (after every 4 sprints) and 3 minutes after the USRPT protocol. Heart rate monitors were used to profile the heart rate. Athletes reported the RPE before- and after completion of the USRPT set. Sprint times increased by 3.3-10.8% when compared to the first sprint (p < 0.01). There was high blood lactate concentration (13.6 ± 3.1mmol/l), a significant change in the RPE from 8 ± 1.6 to 18 ± 1.6 (p < 0.01) and a substantially high heart rate profile with an average HRmax of 188 ± 9 BPM. The results show the maximal intensity nature of USRPT and portray it as an anaerobic style of training.
Collapse
|
32
|
Forte LDM, Rodrigues NA, Cordeiro AV, de Fante T, Simino LAP, Torsoni AS, Torsoni MA, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Periodized versus non-periodized swimming training with equal total training load: Physiological, molecular and performance adaptations in Wistar rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239876. [PMID: 32997706 PMCID: PMC7526899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of non-periodized training performed at 80, 100 and 120% of the anaerobic threshold intensity (AnT) and a linear periodized training model adapted for swimming rats on the gene expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and 4, in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles), protein contents, blood biomarkers, tissue glycogen, body mass, and aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group): a baseline (BL; euthanized before training period), a control group (GC; not exercised during the training period), three groups exercised at intensities equivalent to 80, 100 and 120% of the AnT (G80, G100 and G120, respectively) at the equal workload and a linear periodized training group (GPE). Each training program lasted 12 weeks subdivided into three periods: basic mesocycle (6 weeks), specific mesocycle (5 weeks) and taper (1 week). Although G80, G100 and G120 groups were submitted to monotony workload (i.e. non-modulation at intensity or volume throughout the training program), rodents were evaluated during the same experimental timepoints as GPE to be able comparisons. Our main results showed that all training programs were capable to minimize the aerobic capacity decrease promoted by age, which were compared to control group. Rats trained in periodization model had reduced levels of lipid blood biomarkers and increased hepatic glycogen stores compared to all other trained groups. At the molecular level, only expressions of MCT1 in the muscle were modified by different training regimens, with MCT1 mRNA increasing in rats trained at lower intensities (G80), and MCT1 protein content showed higher values in non-periodized groups compared to pre-training and GPE. Here, training at different intensities but at same total workload promoted similar adaptations in rats. Nevertheless, our results suggested that periodized training seems to be optimize the physiological responses of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D. M. Forte
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália A. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André V. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais de Fante
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Laís A. P. Simino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adriana S. Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Márcio A. Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Claudio A. Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvia B. Manchado-Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mohamed D, Abd Alazim F, Salem E, Ali N, Elgalaly D. Aerobic training versus strength exercises on muscle strength and quality of life for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-020-00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The treatment for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can lead to multiple adverse effects, including poor physical capacity and muscle weakness. This study aimed to determine which is more effective, aerobic exercises or modified strength training program, on muscle strength and quality of life (QOL) for children with ALL.
Results
In terms of muscle strength, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in selected group of muscles elbow flexors, shoulder abductors, hip flexors, knee extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors at both sides in group B compared with group A, whereas there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between groups on QOL.
Conclusion
The outcomes of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the selected group of muscles at both sides in group B compared with group A; thus, the modified strength training program is more effective for muscle strength of children with ALL than aerobic training, but there was no significant difference between them on QOL.
Trial registration
The clinical trial registered in clinicaltrials.gov with an identifier number NCT03147365
Collapse
|
34
|
Cerullo G, Parimbelli M, Perna S, Pecoraro M, Liguori G, Negro M, D’Antona G. Sodium citrate supplementation: An updated revision and practical recommendations on exercise performance, hydration status, and potential risks. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences University of Naples, Parthenope Naples Italy
| | | | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Bahrain
| | | | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences University of Naples, Parthenope Naples Italy
| | - Massimo Negro
- CRIAMS‐Sport Medicine Centre University of Pavia Voghera Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- CRIAMS‐Sport Medicine Centre University of Pavia Voghera Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schmitz B, Niehues H, Thorwesten L, Klose A, Krüger M, Brand SM. Sex Differences in High-Intensity Interval Training-Are HIIT Protocols Interchangeable Between Females and Males? Front Physiol 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 32063866 PMCID: PMC7000457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a well-established training modality to improve aerobic and anaerobic capacity. However, sex-specific aspects of different HIIT protocols are incompletely understood. This study aimed to compare two HIIT protocols with different recovery periods in moderately trained females and males and to investigate whether sex affects high-intensity running speed and speed decrement. Methods: Fifty moderately trained participants (30 females and 20 males) performed an exercise field test and were randomized by lactate threshold (LT) to one of two time- and workload-matched training groups. Participants performed a 4-week HIIT intervention with two exercise sessions/week: Group 1 (4 × 30,180 HIIT), 30-s all-out runs, 180-s active recovery and Group 2 (4 × 30,30 HIIT), 30-s all-out runs, 30-s active recovery. High-intensity runs were recorded, and speed per running bout, average speed per session, and speed decrement were determined. Blood lactate measurements were performed at baseline and follow-up at rest and immediately post-exercise. Results: Females and males differed in running speed at LT and maximal running speed determined during exercise field test (speed at LT, females: 10.65 ± 0.84 km h−1, males: 12.41 ± 0.98 km h−1, p < 0.0001; maximal speed, females: 14.55 ± 1.05 km h−1, males: 17.41 ± 0.68 km h−1, p < 0.0001). Estimated maximal oxygen uptake was ~52.5 ml kg−1 min−1 for females and 62.6 ml kg−1 min−1 for males (p < 0.0001). Analysis of HIIT protocols revealed an effect of sex on change in speed decrement (baseline vs. follow-up) in that females showed significant improvements only in the 4 × 30:30 HIIT group (p = 0.0038). Moreover, females performing the 4 × 30:30 protocol presented increased speed per bout and average speed per session at follow-up (all p ≤ 0.0204), while no effect was detected for females performing the 4 × 30:180 protocol. Peak blood lactate levels increased in all HIIT groups (all p < 0.05, baseline vs. follow-up), but males performing the 4 × 30:180 protocol showed no difference in lactate levels. Conclusions: If not matched for physical performance, females, but not males, performing a 4 × 30 HIIT protocol with shorter recovery periods (30 s) present increased average high-intensity running speed and reduced speed decrement compared to longer recovery periods (180 s). We conclude that female- and male-specific HIIT protocols should be established since anthropometric and physiological differences across sexes may affect training performance in real-world settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hannah Niehues
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lothar Thorwesten
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Klose
- Department of Physical Education and Sports History, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Krüger
- Department of Physical Education and Sports History, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Keytsman C, Hansen D, Wens I, Eijnde BO. Exercise-induced lactate responses in Multiple Sclerosis: A retrospective analysis. NeuroRehabilitation 2019; 45:99-106. [PMID: 31403957 DOI: 10.3233/nre-192740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with Multiple Sclerosis have elevated resting serum lactate concentrations compared to healthy controls (HC). OBJECTIVE To evaluate lactate concentrations during acute exercise and/or following training in MS compared to HC. METHODS In this retrospective study, blood lactate concentrations (mmol/l) originating from two previous studies were analyzed. Lactate concentrations originated from acute submaximal (MSsubmax; HC, n = 11; MS, n = 32) or maximal (MSmax; HC, n = 20; MS, n = 24) exercise tests and following a 24-week mild to moderate intensity (MSsubmax, n = 12) or 12-week high intensity interval (MSmax, n = 13) exercise intervention. RESULTS Under submaximal conditions in MS and compared to HC, lactaterest (MS: 2.7±0.6 vs HC: 2.3±0.7 was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated. After 24 weeks of mild-to-moderate-intensity exercise training and compared to PRE-values, lactatebout2 (2.5±0.7 vs 3.4±1.1) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased during submaximal testing in MSsubmax. Under maximal conditions, lactatestart (2.3±1.0 vs 1.7±0.9) was significantly (p > 0.05) elevated in MS. Twelve weeks of high intensity interval training did not improve this (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this retrospective analysis we conclude that lactate concentrations during acute submaximal and maximal exercise in persons with MS are similar compared to healthy controls. Moderate intensity exercise therapy appeared to improve lactate accumulation but high intensity exercise therapy did not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Keytsman
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Inez Wens
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- ADLON - Sportsmedical Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pedersen SF, Counillon L. The SLC9A-C Mammalian Na +/H + Exchanger Family: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:2015-2113. [PMID: 31507243 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an ancient family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins, and they play essential physiological roles in all phyla. In this review, we focus on the mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), the solute carrier (SLC) 9 family. This family of electroneutral transporters constitutes three branches: SLC9A, -B, and -C. Within these, each isoform exhibits distinct tissue expression profiles, regulation, and physiological roles. Some of these transporters are highly studied, with hundreds of original articles, and some are still only rudimentarily understood. In this review, we present and discuss the pioneering original work as well as the current state-of-the-art research on mammalian NHEs. We aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of core knowledge and recent insights into each family member, from gene organization over protein structure and regulation to physiological and pathophysiological roles. Particular attention is given to the integrated physiology of NHEs in the main organ systems. We provide several novel analyses and useful overviews, and we pinpoint main remaining enigmas, which we hope will inspire novel research on these highly versatile proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - L Counillon
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Singla D, Shareef M, Hussain M. Blood lactate responses to plyometric training in cricket players of different maturity level: a randomised controlled trial. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/cep180054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies commonly examined the acute effect of plyometric exercise on blood lactate. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the effect of short-term plyometric training on blood lactate levels of cricket players. To investigate the effect of an 8 week plyometric training program on blood lactate concentration in cricket players of different maturity level. 55 healthy male cricket players (aged 14-35 years) were categorised into 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups. Blood lactate concentration (BLAC) was assessed before and after 8 weeks of the intervention period. Regardless of the maturity level, a significant reduction in BLAC was observed in the experimental cricketers (P<0.05) in response to 8 weeks of training. Blood lactate responses did not vary significantly in 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups of cricket players following plyometric training. Plyometric training significantly reduced BLAC in cricket players despite non-significant differences amongst 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups. Plyometric training could be recommended for adolescent (14-17) and adult cricketers (18-25 and 26-35) for improving their physiological capacities so as to develop optimal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Singla
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - M.Y. Shareef
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - M.E. Hussain
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs Reveals the Metabolic Specialization in Oxidative and Glycolytic Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122855. [PMID: 31212733 PMCID: PMC6627206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical and functional differences between oxidative and glycolytic muscles could affect human muscle health and animal meat quality. However, present understanding of the epigenetic regulation with respect to lncRNAs and circRNAs is rudimentary. Here, porcine oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles, which were at the growth curve inflection point, were sampled to survey variant global expression of lncRNAs and circRNAs using RNA-seq. A total of 4046 lncRNAs were identified, including 911 differentially expressed lncRNAs (p < 0.05). The cis-regulatory analysis identified target genes that were enriched for specific GO terms and pathways (p < 0.05), including the oxidation-reduction process, glycolytic process, and fatty acid metabolic. All these were closely related to different phenotypes between oxidative and glycolytic muscles. Additionally, 810 circRNAs were identified, of which 137 were differentially expressed (p < 0.05). Interestingly, some circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were found, which were closely linked to muscle fiber-type switching and mitochondria biogenesis in muscles. Furthermore, 44.69%, 39.19%, and 54.01% of differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs respectively were significantly enriched in pig quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for growth and meat quality traits. This study reveals a mass of candidate lncRNAs and circRNAs involved in muscle physiological functions, which may improve understanding of muscle metabolism and development from an epigenetic perspective.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wolff CA, Konopka AR, Suer MK, Trappe TA, Kaminsky LA, Harber MP. Increased cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle size following single-leg knee extension exercise training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:934-940. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
41
|
Robergs RA. Invited review: Quantifying proton exchange from chemical reactions - Implications for the biochemistry of metabolic acidosis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:29-45. [PMID: 31071454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Given that the chemistry of lactate production disproves the existence of a lactic acidosis, there is a need to further reveal and explain the importance of the organic and computational chemistry of pH dependent competitive cation fractional (~) proton (H+) exchange (~H+e). An additional importance of this knowledge is that it could potentially contradict the assumption of the Stewart approach to the physico-chemical theory of acid-base balance. For example, Stewart proposed that chemical reaction and pH dependent H+ dissociation and association do not directly influence the pH of cellular and systemic body fluids. Yet at the time of Stewart's work, there were no data that quantified the H+ exchange during chemical reactions, or from pH dependent metabolite H+ association or dissociation. Consequently, the purpose of this review and commentary was three-fold; 1) to provide explanation of pH dependent competitive cation ~H+e exchange; 2) develop a model of and calculate new data of substrate flux in skeletal muscle during intense exercise; and 3) then combine substrate flux data with the now known ~H+e from chemical reactions of non-mitochondrial energy catabolism to quantify chemical reaction and metabolic pathway ~H+e. The results of purpose 3 were that ~H+ release for the totality of cytosolic energy catabolism = -187.2 mmol·L-1, where total glycolytic ~H+te = -85.0 mmol·L-1. ATP hydrolysis had a ~H+te = -43.1 mmol·L-1. Lactate production provided the largest metabolic ~H+ buffering with a ~H+te = 44.5 mmol·L-1. The total ~H+ release to La ratio = 4.25. The review content and research results of this manuscript should direct science towards new approaches to understanding the cause and source of H+e during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Robergs
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oza PD, Dudley-Javoroski S, Shields RK. Sustained submaximal contraction yields biphasic modulation of soleus Post-activation depression in healthy humans. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:944-951. [PMID: 30892718 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The amplitude of the H-reflex during the development and progression of fatigue reflects a complex interplay between central and peripheral factors. The purpose of this study is to characterize H-reflex homosynaptic post-activation depression (PAD) in an online fashion during a sustained submaximal fatigue task. The task required a high motor output in order to increase the likelihood of creating partial muscle ischemia with accumulation of fatigue metabolites, an important potential inhibitory influence upon the H-reflex during the progression of fatigue. Eleven subjects without neurologic impairment maintained volitional, isometric plantar flexion at 60% of maximal voluntary contraction until exhaustion. A paired-pulse stimulus (2 Hz) was delivered to the tibial nerve to elicit paired H-reflexes before, during, and after the fatigue protocol. The normalized amplitude of the second H-reflex (depression ratio) served as an estimate of PAD. Depression ratio increased during the first half of the fatigue protocol (P < 0.001), indicating a diminution of PAD, and then returned as exhaustion approached. The biphasic behavior of homosynaptic H-reflex depression during fatigue to exhaustion suggests a role for metabolic mediators of post-activation depression during fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti D Oza
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California
| | - Shauna Dudley-Javoroski
- Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cavar M, Marsic T, Corluka M, Culjak Z, Cerkez Zovko I, Müller A, Tschakert G, Hofmann P. Effects of 6 Weeks of Different High-Intensity Interval and Moderate Continuous Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:44-56. [PMID: 30142132 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cavar, M, Marsic, T, Corluka, M, Culjak, Z, Cerkez Zovko, I, Müller, A, Tschakert, G, and Hofmann, P. Effects of 6 weeks of different high-intensity interval and moderate continuous training on aerobic and anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 44-56, 2019-To provide practical data, we compared the training effects of 3 different programs, using a shuttle run stimulus, on aerobic and anaerobic performance, measured using the 20-m maximal shuttle run (Beep) test and 300-yd shuttle run, respectively. Forty-five physically trained men, with a mean age of 21.1 ± 1.8 years, participated. The 6-week, 12-session training programs included 2 high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols, with either a short (SH) or long (LH) shuttle run interval, and a continuous shuttle run (CON), which was used as a control. The training intensity was based on the maximal shuttle run speed (MASS), measured on the Beep test, to elicit the relevant values of the time to exhaustion (TTE). Short (SH) training was performed at 115-120%(MASS), with a 10-second work to 10-second rest scheme, and the number of repetitions to be completed set to 70% of each participant's maximum (∼15 repetitions). LH training was performed at an intensity of 90-95%(MASS), with the duration set to 70%(TTE) (∼4 minutes). For both SH and LH, 3 sets were completed at each session, with a 2-3 minutes of rest between sets. CON training consisted of continuous shuttle running for 35 minutes at an intensity of 70%(MASS). Both SH and LH yielded a large training effect (p < 0.01), with SH preferentially improving anaerobic performance and LH preferentially improving aerobic performance. No effect of CON training was identified. Our findings indicate that these different training protocols cannot be used interchangeably and that the Beep test is useful in prescribing the intensity and duration of HIIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mile Cavar
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Toso Marsic
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Faculty of Kineseology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Corluka
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zoran Culjak
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivana Cerkez Zovko
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alex Müller
- Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Tschakert
- Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Polysaccharides from the Edible Mushroom Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam Show Anti-hypoxia Activities in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030637. [PMID: 30717240 PMCID: PMC6387285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three kinds of new water-soluble polysaccharides (FA, FB and FC) were isolated from wild mushroom Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam by the classical method “water extraction and alcohol precipitation” and purified by column chromatography. The Mw of FA, FB and FC ranged from 5690 Da to 38,340 Da. The three polysaccharide fractions in the fruiting body were mainly composed of 4 kinds of monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, mannose, and arabinose, among which glucose and galactose were the major monosaccharides. The FTIR and NMR spectroscopy indicated that the skeleton of three fractions composed of a (1→4)-α-D-glycosidic backbone containing α-D-mannopyranose. In vitro anti-hypoxia activity data showed that three polysaccharide fractions possessed a significant effect on inhibiting PASM cells apoptosis under hypoxia. Among them, FC at the concentration of 200 µg/mL revealed a significant anti-hypoxia effect. These results revealed that the intracellular polysaccharides possessed potent anti-hypoxic activity, which might be related to inhibiting LDH and NADPH oxidase expression and promoting the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, endothelins, acetylcholine. More importantly, FC showed good performance inducing KV1.5 expression and prohibiting KIR6.2 formation at protein level.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tsukamoto S, Shibasaki A, Naka A, Saito H, Iida K. Lactate Promotes Myoblast Differentiation and Myotube Hypertrophy via a Pathway Involving MyoD In Vitro and Enhances Muscle Regeneration In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113649. [PMID: 30463265 PMCID: PMC6274869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a metabolic substrate mainly produced in muscles, especially during exercise. Recently, it was reported that lactate affects myoblast differentiation; however, the obtained results are inconsistent and the in vivo effect of lactate remains unclear. Our study thus aimed to evaluate the effects of lactate on myogenic differentiation and its underlying mechanism. The differentiation of C2C12 murine myogenic cells was accelerated in the presence of lactate and, consequently, myotube hypertrophy was achieved. Gene expression analysis of myogenic regulatory factors showed significantly increased myogenic determination protein (MyoD) gene expression in lactate-treated cells compared with that in untreated ones. Moreover, lactate enhanced gene and protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC). In particular, lactate increased gene expression of specific MHC isotypes, MHCIIb and IId/x, in a dose-dependent manner. Using a reporter assay, we showed that lactate increased promoter activity of the MHCIIb gene and that a MyoD binding site in the promoter region was necessary for the lactate-induced increase in activity. Finally, peritoneal injection of lactate in mice resulted in enhanced regeneration and fiber hypertrophy in glycerol-induced regenerating muscles. In conclusion, physiologically high lactate concentrations modulated muscle differentiation by regulating MyoD-associated networks, thereby enhancing MHC expression and myotube hypertrophy in vitro and, potentially, in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakuka Tsukamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Ayako Shibasaki
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Ayano Naka
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan..
| | - Hazuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
- The Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sheykhlouvand M, Khalili E, Gharaat M, Arazi H, Khalafi M, Tarverdizadeh B. Practical Model of Low-Volume Paddling-Based Sprint Interval Training Improves Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances in Professional Female Canoe Polo Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2375-2382. [PMID: 29239986 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sheykhlouvand, M, Khalili, E, Gharaat, M, Arazi, H, Khalafi, M, and Tarverdizadeh, B. Practical model of low-volume paddling-based sprint interval training improves aerobic and anaerobic performances in professional female canoe polo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2375-2382, 2018-Brief, intense exercise training using running and cycling as exercise interventions may induce aerobic and anaerobic adaptations in athletes from a wide range of sports. However, this has not been studied extensively for those sports in which the upper body is predominantly involved. Our purpose was to examine the effects of kayak paddling-based sprint interval training (SIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic performance. Sixteen professional female canoe polo athletes (age = 27.6 ± 1.9 years; height = 165.7 ± 5.2 cm; body mass = 62.6 ± 8.5 kg; body mass index = 22.8 kg·m; body fat = 23.8 ± 4.9%) were randomized to either an intense exercise training consisting of sets of 5 × 5-second maximum sprint efforts interspersed by a 10-second recovery between each sprint (3, 4, 5, and 6 sets/session from first to fourth week, respectively, with 3 minutes of rest between each set), performed 3 times per week for 4 weeks (n = 8), or a usual training control group (n = 8). Before and after the training period, aerobic and anaerobic measurements were assessed using a kayak specific test and Wingate protocol, respectively. Training increased V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak, O2 pulse, anaerobic threshold, peak, and mean power output in the SIT group compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05) who showed no changes in these variables when tested 4 weeks apart without SIT. Paddling-based SIT was a potent stimulus and time-efficient strategy to induce rapid adaptations in aerobic and anaerobic performances in professional female canoe polo athletes who can use this training method to achieve fitness in a short period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sheykhlouvand
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Erfan Khalili
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Gharaat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Tarverdizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Elbaky NAA, El-Orabi NF, Fadda LM, Abd-Elkader OH, Ali HM. Role of N-Acetylcysteine and Coenzyme Q10 in the Amelioration of Myocardial Energy Expenditure and Oxidative Stress, Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication in Rats. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818790158. [PMID: 30116167 PMCID: PMC6088489 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818790158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate the potential impact of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) each alone or in combination against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cardiac damage in rats. Animals were treated with CCl4 in single intraperitoneal dose of 1 mL/Kg body weight; CCl4-intoxicated animals were pretreated with 20 mg/kg/d NAC or pretreated with 200 mg/kg/d CoQ10 or NAC and CoQ10 with the same previously mentioned doses. Carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats showed a significant elevation in nitric oxide and lipid peroxides and downregulation in reduced glutathione level and calcium adenosine triphosphatase. Cardiac glycolytic enzymes levels such as lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and hexokinase were declined coupled with a reduction in glucose content after CCl4 treatment. Moreover, myocardial hydroxyproline level was significantly increased after CCl4-treatment indicating accumulation of interstitial collagen. N-acetyl cysteine and/or CoQ10 effectively alleviated the disturbances in myocardial oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. These antioxidants effectively upregulated the reduction in cardiac energetic biomarkers due to CCl4 treatment. N-acetyl cysteine and/or CoQ10 significantly decreased hydroxyproline level compared to that of CCl4-treated rats. The current data showed that the aforementioned antioxidants have a remarkable cardioprotective effect, suggesting that they may be useful as prophylactic agents against the detrimental effects of cardiotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A. Abd Elbaky
- Department of Pharmacology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F. El-Orabi
- Department of Pharmacology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Laila M. Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar H. Abd-Elkader
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Electron Microscope and Thin Films Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M. Ali
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kay JC, Ramirez J, Contreras E, Garland T. Reduced non-bicarbonate skeletal muscle buffering capacity in mice with the mini-muscle phenotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.172478. [PMID: 29650754 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.172478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscle pH decreases during exercise, which may impair function. Endurance training typically reduces muscle buffering capacity as a result of changes in fiber-type composition, but existing comparisons of species that vary in activity level are ambiguous. We hypothesized that high-runner (HR) lines of mice from an experiment that breeds mice for voluntary wheel running would have altered muscle buffering capacity as compared with their non-selected control counterparts. We also expected that 6 days of wheel access, as used in the selection protocol, would reduce buffering capacity, especially for HR mice. Finally, we expected a subset of HR mice with the 'mini-muscle' phenotype to have relatively low buffering capacity as a result of fewer type IIb fibers. We tested non-bicarbonate buffering capacity of thigh muscles. Only HR mice expressing the mini-muscle phenotype had significantly reduced buffering capacity, females had lower buffering capacity than males, and wheel access had no significant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarren C Kay
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jocelyn Ramirez
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Erick Contreras
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Heibel AB, Perim PHL, Oliveira LF, McNaughton LR, Saunders B. Time to Optimize Supplementation: Modifying Factors Influencing the Individual Responses to Extracellular Buffering Agents. Front Nutr 2018; 5:35. [PMID: 29868599 PMCID: PMC5951986 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood alkalosis, as indicated by an increased blood bicarbonate concentration and pH, has been shown to be beneficial for exercise performance. Sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, and sodium or calcium lactate, can all result in increased circulating bicarbonate and have all independently been shown to improve exercise capacity and performance under various circumstances. Although there is considerable evidence demonstrating the efficacy of these supplements in several sports-specific situations, it is commonly acknowledged that their efficacy is equivocal, due to contrasting evidence. Herein, we discuss the physiological and environmental factors that may modify the effectiveness of these supplements including, (i) absolute changes in circulating bicarbonate; (ii) supplement timing, (iii) the exercise task performed, (iv) monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) activity; (v) training status, and (vi) associated side-effects. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the factors which may modify the response to these supplements, so that individuals can use this information to attempt to optimize supplementation and allow the greatest possibility of an ergogenic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André B Heibel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pedro H L Perim
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Camilo University Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana F Oliveira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars R McNaughton
- Sports Nutrition and Performance Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom.,Department of Sport and Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Allard B, Fuster C. When muscle Ca 2+ channels carry monovalent cations through gating pores: insights into the pathophysiology of type 1 hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. J Physiol 2018; 596:2019-2027. [PMID: 29572832 DOI: 10.1113/jp274955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from type 1 hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP1) experience attacks of muscle paralysis associated with hypokalaemia. The disease arises from missense mutations in the gene encoding the α1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), a protein complex anchored in the tubular membrane of skeletal muscle fibres which controls the release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum and also functions as a Ca2+ channel. The vast majority of mutations consist of the replacement of one of the outer arginines in S4 segments of the α1 subunit by neutral residues. Early studies have shown that muscle fibres from HypoPP1 patients are abnormally depolarized at rest in low K+ to the point of inducing muscle inexcitability. The relationship between HypoPP1 mutations and depolarization has long remained unknown. More recent investigations conducted in the closely structurally related voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels have shown that comparable S4 arginine substitutions gave rise to elevated inward currents at negative potentials called gating pore currents. Experiments performed in muscle fibres from different models revealed such an inward resting current through HypoPP1 mutated Ca2+ channels. In mouse fibres transfected with HypoPP1 mutated channels, the elevated resting current was found to carry H+ for the R1239H arginine-to-histidine mutation in a S4 segment and Na+ for the V876E HypoPP1 mutation, which has the peculiarity of not being located in S4 segments. Muscle paralysis probably results from the presence of a gating pore current associated with hypokalaemia for both mutations, possibly aggravated by external acidosis for the R1239H mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Allard
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5310, Inserm U1217, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clarisse Fuster
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5310, Inserm U1217, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|