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Zheng H, Zhang D, Gan Y, Peng Z, Wu Y, Xiang W. Identification of potential biomarkers for cerebral palsy and the development of prediction models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10101. [PMID: 39045601 PMCID: PMC11263922 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent motor disorder originating from early brain injury or malformation, with significant variability in its clinical presentation and etiology. Early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic interventions are hindered by the lack of reliable biomarkers. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for cerebral palsy and develop predictive models to enhance early diagnosis and prognosis. We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles in muscle samples from CP patients to identify candidate biomarkers. Six key genes (CKMT2, TNNT2, MYH4, MYH1, GOT1, and LPL) were validated in an independent cohort, and potential biological pathways and molecular networks involved in CP pathogenesis were analyzed. The importance of processes such as functional regulation, energy metabolism, and cell signaling pathways in the muscles of CP patients was emphasized. Predictive models of muscle sample biomarkers related to CP were developed and visualized. Calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the predictive models exhibit high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing individuals at risk of CP. The identified biomarkers and developed prediction models offer significant potential for early diagnosis and personalized management of CP. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in larger cohorts and integrating them into clinical practice to improve outcomes for individuals with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zesheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Panduro J, Vigh-Larsen JF, Ermidis G, Póvoas S, Schmidt JF, Søgaard K, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Randers MB. Acute arm and leg muscle glycogen and metabolite responses to small-sided football games in healthy young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1929-1937. [PMID: 35648211 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have indicated upper body involvement during football, provoking long-term muscular adaptations. This study aimed at examining the acute metabolic response in upper and lower body skeletal muscle to football training organized as small-sided games (SSG). METHODS Ten healthy male recreational football players [age 24 ± 1 (± SD) yrs; height 183 ± 4 cm; body mass 83.1 ± 9.7 kg; body fat 15.5 ± 5.4%] completed 1-h 5v5 SSG (4 × 12 min interspersed with 4-min recovery periods). Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis (VL) and m. deltoideus (DE) pre- and post-SSG for muscle glycogen and metabolite analyses. Blood lactate samples were obtained at rest, middle and end of the SSG. RESULTS Muscle glycogen in VL decreased (P < 0.01) by 21% and tended (P = 0.08) to decrease in DE by 13%. Muscle lactate increased in VL (117%; P < 0.001) and DE (81%; P < 0.001) during the game, while blood lactate rose threefold. Muscle ATP and PCr were unaltered, but intermuscular differences were detected for ATP at both time points (P < 0.001) and for PCr at pre-SSG (P < 0.05) with VL demonstrating higher values than DE, while muscle creatine rose in VL (P < 0.001) by 41% and by 22% in DE (P = 0.02). Baseline citrate synthase maximal activity was higher (P < 0.05) in VL compared to DE, whereas baseline muscle lactate concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in DE than VL. CONCLUSION The upper body may be extensively involved during football play, but besides a rise in muscle lactate in the deltoideus muscle similar to the leg muscles, the present study did not demonstrate acute metabolic changes of an order that may explain the previously reported training effect of football play in the upper extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Panduro
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit in Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georgios Ermidis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susana Póvoas
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Jakob Friis Schmidt
- Section for Anaesthesia for ENT, Head Neck & Maxillofacial Surgery and Ortopedi, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Centre of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Morten Bredsgaard Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway.
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3
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Akberdin IR, Kiselev IN, Pintus SS, Sharipov RN, Vertyshev AY, Vinogradova OL, Popov DV, Kolpakov FA. A Modular Mathematical Model of Exercise-Induced Changes in Metabolism, Signaling, and Gene Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10353. [PMID: 34638694 PMCID: PMC8508736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the principal contributor to exercise-induced changes in human metabolism. Strikingly, although it has been demonstrated that a lot of metabolites accumulating in blood and human skeletal muscle during an exercise activate different signaling pathways and induce the expression of many genes in working muscle fibres, the systematic understanding of signaling-metabolic pathway interrelations with downstream genetic regulation in the skeletal muscle is still elusive. Herein, a physiologically based computational model of skeletal muscle comprising energy metabolism, Ca2+, and AMPK (AMP-dependent protein kinase) signaling pathways and the expression regulation of genes with early and delayed responses was developed based on a modular modeling approach and included 171 differential equations and more than 640 parameters. The integrated modular model validated on diverse including original experimental data and different exercise modes provides a comprehensive in silico platform in order to decipher and track cause-effect relationships between metabolic, signaling, and gene expression levels in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya R. Akberdin
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Kiselev
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Pintus
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan N. Sharipov
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Olga L. Vinogradova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daniil V. Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Physiological responses to moderate intensity continuous and high-intensity interval exercise in persons with paraplegia. Spinal Cord 2020; 59:26-33. [PMID: 32681118 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-0520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Randomized crossover. OBJECTIVES To test differences in the duration and magnitude of physiological response to isocaloric moderate intensity continuous (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Academic medical center in Miami, FL, USA. METHODS Ten adult men (mean ± s.d.; 39 ± 10 year old) with chronic (13.2 ± 8.8 year) paraplegia (T2-T10) completed a graded exercise test. Then, in a randomized order, participants completed MICE and HIIE for a cost of 120 kcal. MICE was performed at 24.6% POpeak. During HIIE, exercise was completed in 2 min work and recovery phases at 70%:10% POpeak. RESULTS MICE and HIIE were isocaloric (115.9 ± 21.8 and 116.6 ± 35.0 kcal, respectively; p = 0.903), but differed in duration (39.8 ± 4.6 vs 32.2 ± 6.2 min; p < 0.001) and average respiratory exchange ratio (RER; 0.90 ± 0.08 vs 1.01 ± 0.07; p = 0.002). During MICE, a workrate of 24.6 ± 6.7% POpeak elicited a V̇O2 of 53.1 ± 6.5% V̇O2peak (10.1 ± 2.2 ml kg-1 min-1). During HIIE, a workrate at 70% POpeak elicited 88.3 ± 6.7% V̇O2peak (16.9 ± 4.2 ml kg-1 min-1), and 29.4 ± 7.7% of the session was spent at or above 80% V̇O2peak. During HIIE working phase, RER declined from the first to last interval (1.08 ± 0.07 vs 0.98 ± 0.09; p < 0.001), reflecting an initially high but declining glycolytic rate. CONCLUSIONS Compared with MICE, HIIE imposed a greater physiological stimulus while requiring less time to achieve a target caloric expenditure. Thus, exercise intensity might be an important consideration in the tailoring of exercise prescription to address the cardiometabolic comorbidities of SCI.
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Influence of Equimolar Doses of Beetroot Juice and Sodium Nitrate on Time Trial Performance in Handcycling. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071642. [PMID: 31323779 PMCID: PMC6683039 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of a single dose of either beetroot juice (BR) or sodium nitrate (NIT) on performance in a 10 km handcycling time trial (TT) in able-bodied individuals and paracyclists. In total, 14 able-bodied individuals [mean ± SD; age: 28 ± 7 years, height: 183 ± 5 cm, body mass (BM): 82 ± 9 kg, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak): 33.9 ± 4.2 mL/min/kg] and eight paracyclists (age: 40 ± 11 years, height: 176 ± 9cm, BM: 65 ± 9 kg, VO2peak: 38.6 ± 10.5 mL/min/kg) participated in the study. All participants had to perform three TT on different days, receiving either 6 mmol nitrate as BR or NIT or water as a placebo. Time-to-complete the TT, power output (PO), as well as oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured. No significant differences in time-to-complete the TT were found between the three interventions in able-bodied individuals (p = 0.80) or in paracyclists (p = 0.61). Furthermore, VO2 was not significantly changed after the ingestion of BR or NIT in either group (p < 0.05). The PO to VO2 ratio was significantly higher in some kilometers of the TT in able-bodied individuals (p < 0.05). The ingestion of BR or NIT did not increase handcycling performance in able-bodied individuals or in paracyclists.
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Morales-Alamo D, Guerra B, Santana A, Martin-Rincon M, Gelabert-Rebato M, Dorado C, Calbet JAL. Skeletal Muscle Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphorylation and Lactate Accumulation During Sprint Exercise in Normoxia and Severe Acute Hypoxia: Effects of Antioxidants. Front Physiol 2018; 9:188. [PMID: 29615918 PMCID: PMC5867337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to normoxia, during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia the glycolytic rate is increased leading to greater lactate accumulation, acidification, and oxidative stress. To determine the role played by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) in muscle lactate accumulation, nine volunteers performed a single 30-s sprint (Wingate test) on four occasions: two after the ingestion of placebo and another two following the intake of antioxidants, while breathing either hypoxic gas (PIO2 = 75 mmHg) or room air (PIO2 = 143 mmHg). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before, immediately after, 30 and 120 min post-sprint. Antioxidants reduced the glycolytic rate without altering performance or VO2. Immediately after the sprints, Ser293- and Ser300-PDH-E1α phosphorylations were reduced to similar levels in all conditions (~66 and 91%, respectively). However, 30 min into recovery Ser293-PDH-E1α phosphorylation reached pre-exercise values while Ser300-PDH-E1α was still reduced by 44%. Thirty minutes after the sprint Ser293-PDH-E1α phosphorylation was greater with antioxidants, resulting in 74% higher muscle lactate concentration. Changes in Ser293 and Ser300-PDH-E1α phosphorylation from pre to immediately after the sprints were linearly related after placebo (r = 0.74, P < 0.001; n = 18), but not after antioxidants ingestion (r = 0.35, P = 0.15). In summary, lactate accumulation during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia is not caused by a reduced activation of the PDH. The ingestion of antioxidants is associated with increased PDH re-phosphorylation and slower elimination of muscle lactate during the recovery period. Ser293 re-phosphorylates at a faster rate than Ser300-PDH-E1α during the recovery period, suggesting slightly different regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Borja Guerra
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Clinical Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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7
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Mohr M, Nielsen TS, Weihe P, Thomsen JA, Aquino G, Krustrup P, Nordsborg NB. Muscle ion transporters and antioxidative proteins have different adaptive potential in arm than in leg skeletal muscle with exercise training. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/19/e13470. [PMID: 29038365 PMCID: PMC5641943 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It was evaluated whether upper‐body compared to lower‐body musculature exhibits a different phenotype in relation to capacity for handling reactive oxygen species (ROS), H+, La−, Na+, K+ and also whether it differs in adaptive potential to exercise training. Eighty‐three sedentary premenopausal women aged 45 ± 6 years (mean ± SD) were randomized into a high‐intensity intermittent swimming group (HIS, n = 21), a moderate‐intensity swimming group (MOS, n = 21), a soccer group (SOC, n = 21), or a control group (CON, n = 20). Intervention groups completed three weekly training sessions for 15 weeks, and pre‐ and postintervention biopsies were obtained from deltoideus and vastus lateralis muscle. Before training, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), Na+/K+ pump α2, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expressions were lower (P < 0.05) in m. deltoideus than in m. vastus lateralis, whereas deltoid had higher (P < 0.05) Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) expression. As a result of training, Na+/K+ pump α2 isoform expression was elevated only in deltoideus muscle, while upregulation (P < 0.05) of the α1 and β1 subunits, phospholemman (FXYD1), NHE1, and superoxide dismutase 1 expression occurred exclusively in vastus lateralis muscle. The increased (P < 0.05) expression of MCT4 and SOD2 in deltoid muscle after HIS and vastus lateralis muscle after SOC were similar. In conclusion, arm musculature displays lower basal ROS, La−, K+ handling capability but higher Na+‐dependent H+ extrusion capacity than leg musculature. Training‐induced changes in the ion‐transporting and antioxidant proteins clearly differed between muscle groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magni Mohr
- Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Center for Health and Human Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Schmidt Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Jákup A Thomsen
- Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Giovanna Aquino
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness (DiSMEB), University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC) University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolai B Nordsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Gudiksen A, Bertholdt L, Stankiewicz T, Tybirk J, Plomgaard P, Bangsbo J, Pilegaard H. Effects of training status on PDH regulation in human skeletal muscle during exercise. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1615-1630. [PMID: 28801776 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the gateway enzyme for carbohydrate-derived pyruvate feeding into the TCA cycle. PDH may play a central role in regulating substrate shifts during exercise, but the influence of training state on PDH regulation during exercise is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of training state on post-translational regulation of PDHa activity during submaximal and exhaustive exercise. Eight untrained and nine endurance exercise-trained healthy male subjects performed incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer: 40 min at 50% incremental peak power output (IPPO), 10 min at 65% (IPPO), followed by 80% (IPPO) until exhaustion. Trained subjects had higher (P < 0.05) PDH-E1α, PDK1, PDK2, PDK4, and PDP1 protein content as well as PDH phosphorylation and PDH acetylation. Exercising at the same relative intensity led to similar muscle PDH activation in untrained and trained subjects, whereas PDHa activity at exhaustion was higher (P < 0.05) in trained than untrained. Furthermore, exercise induced similar PDH dephosphorylation in untrained and trained subjects, while PDH acetylation was increased (P < 0.05) only in trained subjects. In conclusion, PDHa activity and PDH dephosphorylation were well adjusted to the relative exercise intensity during submaximal exercise. In addition, higher PDHa activity in trained than untrained at exhaustion seemed related to differences in glycogen utilization rather than differences in PDH phosphorylation and acetylation state, although site-specific contributions cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Gudiksen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Bertholdt
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Stankiewicz
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Tybirk
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Christensen PM, Petersen NK, Friis SN, Weitzberg E, Nybo L. Effects of nitrate supplementation in trained and untrained muscle are modest with initial high plasma nitrite levels. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:1616-1626. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Team Danmark (Danish elite sport organization); Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N. K. Petersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. N. Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - L. Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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10
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Gudiksen A, Schwartz CL, Bertholdt L, Joensen E, Knudsen JG, Pilegaard H. Lack of Skeletal Muscle IL-6 Affects Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity at Rest and during Prolonged Exercise. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156460. [PMID: 27327080 PMCID: PMC4915712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) plays a key role in the regulation of skeletal muscle substrate utilization. IL-6 is produced in skeletal muscle during exercise in a duration dependent manner and has been reported to increase whole body fatty acid oxidation, muscle glucose uptake and decrease PDHa activity in skeletal muscle of fed mice. The aim of the present study was to examine whether muscle IL-6 contributes to exercise-induced PDH regulation in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle-specific IL-6 knockout (IL-6 MKO) mice and floxed littermate controls (control) completed a single bout of treadmill exercise for 10, 60 or 120 min, with rested mice of each genotype serving as basal controls. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was overall higher (P<0.05) in IL-6 MKO than control mice during the 120 min of treadmill exercise, while RER decreased during exercise independent of genotype. AMPK and ACC phosphorylation also increased with exercise independent of genotype. PDHa activity was in control mice higher (P<0.05) at 10 and 60 min of exercise than at rest but remained unchanged in IL-6 MKO mice. In addition, PDHa activity was higher (P<0.05) in IL-6 MKO than control mice at rest and 60 min of exercise. Neither PDH phosphorylation nor acetylation could explain the genotype differences in PDHa activity. Together, this provides evidence that skeletal muscle IL-6 contributes to the regulation of PDH at rest and during prolonged exercise and suggests that muscle IL-6 normally dampens carbohydrate utilization during prolonged exercise via effects on PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Gudiksen
- Section for cell biology and physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Camilla Lindgren Schwartz
- Section for cell biology and physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Bertholdt
- Section for cell biology and physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ella Joensen
- Section for cell biology and physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob G. Knudsen
- Section for cell biology and physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for cell biology and physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Effect of regional muscle location but not adiposity on mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating proteins. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 116:11-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Nordsborg NB, Connolly L, Weihe P, Iuliano E, Krustrup P, Saltin B, Mohr M. Oxidative capacity and glycogen content increase more in arm than leg muscle in sedentary women after intense training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:116-23. [PMID: 26023221 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00101.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that the adaptive capacity is higher in human upper- than lower-body skeletal muscle was tested. Furthermore, the hypothesis that more pronounced adaptations in upper-body musculature can be achieved by "low-volume high-intensity" compared with "high-volume low-intensity" exercise training was evaluated. A group of sedentary premenopausal women aged 45 ± 6 yr (± SD) with expected high adaptive potential in both upper- and lower-extremity muscle groups participated. After random allocation to high-intensity swimming (HIS, n = 21), moderate-intensity swimming (MOS, n = 21), soccer (SOC, n = 21) or a nontraining control group (CON, n = 20), the training groups completed three workouts per week for 15 wk. Resting muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle and deltoideus muscle before and after the intervention. After the training intervention, a larger (P < 0.05) increase existed in deltoideus muscle of the HIS group compared with vastus lateralis muscle of the SOC group for citrate synthase maximal activity (95 ± 89 vs. 27 ± 34%), citrate synthase protein expression (100 ± 29 vs. 31 ± 44%), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase maximal activity (35 ± 43 vs. 3 ± 25%), muscle glycogen content (63 ± 76 vs. 20 ± 51%), and expression of mitochondrial complex II, III, and IV. Additionally, HIS caused higher (P < 0.05) increases than MOS in deltoideus muscle citrate synthase maximal activity, citrate synthase protein expression, and muscle glycogen content. In conclusion, the deltoideus muscle has a higher adaptive potential than the vastus lateralis muscle in sedentary women, and "high-intensity low-volume" training is a more efficient regime than "low-intensity high-volume" training for increasing the aerobic capacity of the deltoideus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai B Nordsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luke Connolly
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Enzo Iuliano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Molise, Italy
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Saltin
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshopsitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; and Center of Health and Human Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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13
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Beneke R, Alkhatib A. High cycling cadence reduces carbohydrate oxidation at given low intensity metabolic rate. Biol Sport 2015; 32:27-33. [PMID: 25729147 PMCID: PMC4314601 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1126325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling cadence (RPM)-related differences in blood lactate concentration (BLC) increase with increasing exercise intensity, whilst corresponding divergences in oxygen uptake (V.O2) and carbon dioxide production (V.CO2) decrease. Aim of the present study was to test whether a higher RPM reduces the fraction (%) of the V.O2 used for carbohydrate oxidation (relCHO) at a given BLC. Eight males (23.9 ± 1.6 yrs; 177 ± 3 cm; 70.3 ± 3.4 kg) performed incremental load tests at 50 and 100 RPM. BLC, V.O2 and V.CO2 were measured. At respiratory exchange ratios (RER) < 1, relCHO were calculated and the constant determining 50 % relCHO (kCHO) was approximated as a function of the BLC. At submaximal workload V.O2, V.CO2, and relCHO were lower (all p < 0.002; η2 > 0.209) at 50 than at 100 RPM. No differences were observed in V.O2peak (3.96 ± 0.22 vs. 4.00 ± 0.25 l · min−1) and RERpeak (1.18 ± 0.02 vs. 1.15 ± 0.02). BLC was lower (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.680) at 50 than at 100 RPM irrespective of cycling intensity. At 50 RPM, kCHO (4.2 ± 1.4 (mmol · l−1)3) was lower (p = 0.043; η2 = 0.466) than at 100 RPM (5.9 ± 1.9 (mmol · l−1)3). This difference in kCHO reflects a reduced CHO oxidation at a given BLC at 100 than at 50 RPM. At a low exercise intensity, a higher cycling cadence can substantially reduce the reliance on CHO at a given metabolic rate and/or BLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beneke
- Abt. Medizin, Training und Gesundheit, Inst. Sportwissenschaft und Motologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Germany
| | - A Alkhatib
- Academy of Sport and Sport & Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom
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14
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Nogiec C, Burkart A, Dreyfuss JM, Lerin C, Kasif S, Patti ME. Metabolic modeling of muscle metabolism identifies key reactions linked to insulin resistance phenotypes. Mol Metab 2015; 4:151-63. [PMID: 25737951 PMCID: PMC4338313 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysregulated muscle metabolism is a cardinal feature of human insulin resistance (IR) and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, specific reactions contributing to abnormal energetics and metabolic inflexibility in IR are unknown. Methods We utilize flux balance computational modeling to develop the first systems-level analysis of IR metabolism in fasted and fed states, and varying nutrient conditions. We systematically perturb the metabolic network to identify reactions that reproduce key features of IR-linked metabolism. Results While reduced glucose uptake is a major hallmark of IR, model-based reductions in either extracellular glucose availability or uptake do not alter metabolic flexibility, and thus are not sufficient to fully recapitulate IR-linked metabolism. Moreover, experimentally-reduced flux through single reactions does not reproduce key features of IR-linked metabolism. However, dual knockdowns of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), in combination with reduced lipid uptake or lipid/amino acid oxidation (ETFDH), does reduce ATP synthesis, TCA cycle flux, and metabolic flexibility. Experimental validation demonstrates robust impact of dual knockdowns in PDH/ETFDH on cellular energetics and TCA cycle flux in cultured myocytes. Parallel analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomics data in humans with IR and T2D demonstrates downregulation of PDH subunits and upregulation of its inhibitory kinase PDK4, both of which would be predicted to decrease PDH flux, concordant with the model. Conclusions Our results indicate that complex interactions between multiple biochemical reactions contribute to metabolic perturbations observed in human IR, and that the PDH complex plays a key role in these metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Burkart
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carles Lerin
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Kasif
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA ; Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Paulson TA, Bishop NC, Eston RG, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Differentiated perceived exertion and self-regulated wheelchair exercise. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:2269-76. [PMID: 23562415 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of the differentiated rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for the self-regulation of submaximal wheelchair propulsion in novice users. DESIGN Each participant completed a submaximal incremental test and a graded test to exhaustion to determine peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)peak) on a wheelchair ergometer. On a separate day, two 12-minute intermittent bouts consisting of three 4-minute stages were completed at individualized imposed power outputs equating to light (40% Vo(2)peak) and moderate (60% Vo(2)peak) intensity exercise. On a third occasion, participants were assigned to either the overall group or the peripheral group and were required to self-regulate 12-minute intermittent exercise according to either overall RPE or peripheral RPE reported during the corresponding imposed intensity trial. SETTING Laboratory facilities at a university. PARTICIPANTS Preliminary population of able-bodied participants with no prior experience of wheelchair propulsion (N=18). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in oxygen consumption (Vo(2)), heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and power output between the imposed and self-regulated exercise trials. RESULTS No difference was found in physiological responses between the moderate-intensity imposed and RPE-regulated trials in the peripheral group, whereas a significant (P<.05) underproduction in Vo(2) (1.76±.31 vs 1.59±.25L/min) and blood lactate concentration (2.8±0.90 vs 2.21±.83mmol/L) was seen in the overall group. In contrast, a significant (P<.05) overproduction was seen in the peripheral group at a light exercise intensity, whereas no difference was found between all variables during the light-intensity imposed and RPE-regulated trials in the overall group. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral RPE enabled a more precise self-regulation during moderate-intensity wheelchair exercise in novice users. In contrast, overall RPE provided a more accurate stimulus when performing light-intensity propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Paulson
- The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
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16
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Exercise training and work task induced metabolic and stress-related mRNA and protein responses in myalgic muscles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:984523. [PMID: 23509827 PMCID: PMC3591204 DOI: 10.1155/2013/984523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess mRNA and/or protein levels of heat shock proteins, cytokines, growth regulating, and metabolic proteins in myalgic muscle at rest and in response to work tasks and prolonged exercise training. A randomized controlled trial included 28 females with trapezius myalgia and 16 healthy controls. Those with myalgia performed ~7 hrs repetitive stressful work and were subsequently randomized to 10 weeks of specific strength training, general fitness training, or reference intervention. Muscles biopsies were taken from the trapezius muscle at baseline, after work and after 10 weeks intervention. The main findings are that the capacity of carbohydrate oxidation was reduced in myalgic compared with healthy muscle. Repetitive stressful work increased mRNA content for heat shock proteins and decreased levels of key regulators for growth and oxidative metabolism. In contrast, prolonged general fitness as well as specific strength training decreased mRNA content of heat shock protein while the capacity of carbohydrate oxidation was increased only after specific strength training.
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17
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Turcotte LP, Abbott MJ. Contraction-induced signaling: evidence of convergent cascades in the regulation of muscle fatty acid metabolism. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23181271 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of fatty acid utilization during muscle contraction and exercise remains to be fully elucidated. Evidence suggests that the metabolic responses of skeletal muscle induced by the contraction-induced changes in energy demand are mediated by the activation of a multitude of intracellular signaling cascades. This review addresses the roles played by 3 intracellular signaling cascades of interest in the regulation of fatty acid uptake and oxidation in contracting skeletal muscle; namely, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling cascades. Data delineating the potential role of AMPK in cross-talk with CaMKII, CaMK kinase (CaMKK), and ERK1/2 are presented. Collectively, data show that in perfused rodent muscle, regulation of fatty acid uptake and oxidation occurs via (i) CaMKII signaling via both AMPK-dependent and -independent cascades, (ii) CaMKK signaling via both AMPK-dependent and -independent cascades, (iii) AMPK signaling in a time- and intensity-dependent manner, and (iv) ERK1/2 signaling in an intensity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine P Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA.
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18
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Kiilerich K, Ringholm S, Biensø RS, Fisher JP, Iversen N, van Hall G, Wojtaszewski JFP, Saltin B, Lundby C, Calbet JAL, Pilegaard H. Exercise-induced pyruvate dehydrogenase activation is not affected by 7 days of bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:751-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00063.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that physical inactivity impairs the exercise-induced modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), six healthy normally physically active male subjects completed 7 days of bed rest. Before and immediately after the bed rest, the subjects completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a one-legged knee extensor exercise bout [45 min at 60% maximal load (Wmax)] with muscle biopsies obtained from vastus lateralis before, immediately after exercise, and at 3 h of recovery. Blood samples were taken from the femoral vein and artery before and after 40 min of exercise. Glucose intake elicited a larger ( P ≤ 0.05) insulin response after bed rest than before, indicating glucose intolerance. There were no differences in lactate release/uptake across the exercising muscle before and after bed rest, but glucose uptake after 40 min of exercise was larger ( P ≤ 0.05) before bed rest than after. Muscle glycogen content tended to be higher (0.05< P ≤ 0.10) after bed rest than before, but muscle glycogen breakdown in response to exercise was similar before and after bed rest. PDH-E1α protein content did not change in response to bed rest or in response to the exercise intervention. Exercise increased ( P ≤ 0.05) the activity of PDH in the active form (PDHa) and induced ( P ≤ 0.05) dephosphorylation of PDH-E1α on Ser293, Ser295 and Ser300, with no difference before and after bed rest. In conclusion, although 7 days of bed rest induced whole body glucose intolerance, exercise-induced PDH regulation in skeletal muscle was not changed. This suggests that exercise-induced PDH regulation in skeletal muscle is maintained in glucose-intolerant (e.g., insulin resistant) individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kiilerich
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism,
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Ringholm
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism,
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus S. Biensø
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism,
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James P. Fisher
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ninna Iversen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism,
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Metabolic Mass-Spectrometry Facility, Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Bengt Saltin
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Jose A. L. Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism,
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, and
- Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Iversen N, Krustrup P, Rasmussen HN, Rasmussen UF, Saltin B, Pilegaard H. Mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle of the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:670-8. [PMID: 21504786 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) skeletal muscles of elderly subjects can adapt to a single endurance exercise bout and 2) endurance trained elderly subjects have higher expression/activity of oxidative and angiogenic proteins in skeletal muscle than untrained elderly people. To investigate this, lifelong endurance trained elderly (ET; n = 8) aged 71.3 ± 3.4 years and untrained elderly subjects (UT; n = 7) aged 71.3 ± 4 years, performed a cycling exercise bout at 75% VO(2max) with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies obtained before (Pre), immediately after exercise (0 h) and at 2 h of recovery. Capillarization was detected histochemically and oxidative enzyme activities were determined on isolated mitochondria. GLUT4, HKII, Cyt c and VEGF protein expression was measured on muscle lysates from Pre-biopsies, phosphorylation of AMPK and P38 on lysates from Pre and 0 h biopsies, while PGC-1α, VEGF, HKII and TFAM mRNA content was determined at all time points. ET had ~40% higher PDH, CS, SDH, α-KG-DH and ATP synthase activities and 27% higher capillarization than UT, reflecting increased skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with lifelong endurance exercise training. In addition, acute exercise increased in UT PGC-1α mRNA 11-fold and VEGF mRNA 4-fold at 2 h of recovery, and AMPK phosphorylation ~5-fold immediately after exercise, relative to Pre, indicating an ability to adapt metabolically and angiogenically to endurance exercise. However, in ET PGC-1α mRNA only increased 5 fold and AMPK phosphorylation ~2-fold, while VEGF mRNA remained unchanged after the acute exercise bout. P38 increased similarly in ET and UT after exercise. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that lifelong endurance exercise training ensures an improved oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, and that skeletal muscle of elderly subjects maintains the ability to respond to acute endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna Iversen
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Nielsen J, Holmberg HC, Schrøder HD, Saltin B, Ortenblad N. Human skeletal muscle glycogen utilization in exhaustive exercise: role of subcellular localization and fibre type. J Physiol 2011; 589:2871-85. [PMID: 21486810 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.204487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although glycogen is known to be heterogeneously distributed within skeletal muscle cells, there is presently little information available about the role of fibre types, utilization and resynthesis during and after exercise with respect to glycogen localization. Here, we tested the hypothesis that utilization of glycogen with different subcellular localizations during exhaustive arm and leg exercise differs and examined the influence of fibre type and carbohydrate availability on its subsequent resynthesis. When 10 elite endurance athletes (22 ± 1 years, VO2 max = 68 ± 5 ml kg-1 min-1, mean ± SD) performed one hour of exhaustive arm and leg exercise, transmission electron microscopy revealed more pronounced depletion of intramyofibrillar than of intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal glycogen. This phenomenon was the same for type I and II fibres, although at rest prior to exercise, the former contained more intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal glycogen than the latter. In highly glycogen-depleted fibres, the remaining small intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal glycogen particles were often found to cluster in groupings. In the recovery period, when the athletes received either a carbohydrate-rich meal or only water the impaired resynthesis of glycogen with water alone was associated primarily with intramyofibrillar glycogen. In conclusion, after prolonged high-intensity exercise the depletion of glycogen is dependent on subcellular localization. In addition, the localization of glycogen appears to be influenced by fibre type prior to exercise, as well as carbohydrate availability during the subsequent period of recovery. These findings provide insight into the significance of fibre type-specific compartmentalization of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise and subsequent recovery. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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21
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Dunford EC, Herbst EA, Jeoung NH, Gittings W, Inglis JG, Vandenboom R, LeBlanc PJ, Harris RA, Peters SJ. PDH activation during in vitro muscle contractions in PDH kinase 2 knockout mice: effect of PDH kinase 1 compensation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R1487-93. [PMID: 21411764 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00498.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate oxidation in skeletal muscle. PDH is deactivated by a set of PDH kinases (PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, PDK4), with PDK2 and PDK4 being the most predominant isoforms in skeletal muscle. Although PDK2 is the most abundant isoform, few studies have examined its physiological role. The role of PDK2 on PDH activation (PDHa) at rest and during muscle stimulation at 10 and 40 Hz (eliciting low- and moderate-intensity muscle contractions, respectively) in isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles was studied in PDK2 knockout (PDK2KO) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 5 per group). PDHa activity was unexpectedly 35 and 77% lower in PDK2KO than WT muscle (P = 0.043), while total PDK activity was nearly fourfold lower in PDK2KO muscle (P = 0.006). During 40-Hz contractions, initial force was lower in PDK2KO than WT muscle (P < 0.001) but fatigued similarly to ∼75% of initial force by 3 min. There were no differences in initial force or rate of fatigue during 10-Hz contractions. PDK1 compensated for the lack of PDK2 and was 1.8-fold higher in PDK2KO than WT muscle (P = 0.019). This likely contributed to ensuring that resting PDHa activity was similar between the groups and accounts for the lower PDH activation during muscle contraction, as PDK1 is a very potent inhibitor of the PDH complex. Increased PDK1 expression appears to be regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1α, which was 3.5-fold higher in PDK2KO muscle. It is clear that PDK2 activity is essential, even at rest, in regulation of carbohydrate oxidation and production of reducing equivalents for the electron transport chain. In addition, these results underscore the importance of the overall kinetics of the PDK isoform population, rather than total PDK activity, in determining transformation of the PDH complex and PDHa activity during muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Dunford
- Centre for Muscle Metabolism and Biophysics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Gandra PG, Valente RH, Perales J, Pacheco AG, Macedo DV. Proteomic analysis of rat skeletal muscle submitted to one bout of incremental exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 22:207-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Kiilerich K, Adser H, Jakobsen AH, Pedersen PA, Hardie DG, Wojtaszewski JFP, Pilegaard H. PGC-1alpha increases PDH content but does not change acute PDH regulation in mouse skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1350-9. [PMID: 20720174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00400.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC)1α regulates the content of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1α and influences PDH activity through regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) expression and subsequently PDH phosphorylation. PGC-1α whole body knockout (KO), muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpressing mice (MCK PGC-1α), and littermate wild-type (WT) mice underwent two interventions known to affect PDH. Quadriceps muscles were removed from fed and 24-h fasted mice as well as at 6 h of recovery after 1-h running and from mice that did not run acutely. PDH-E1α protein content and PDH-E1α phosphorylation were lower in PGC-1α KO and higher in MCK PGC-1α mice at rest, but, while MCK PGC-1α had higher PDK4 protein content, KO of PGC-1α had no effect on PDK4 protein content. The differences in phosphorylation partly vanished when expressing phosphorylation relative to the PDH-E1α content with only a maintained elevated phosphorylation in MCK PGC-1α mice. Fasting upregulated PDK4 protein in PGC-1α KO, MCK PGC-1α and WT mice, but this was not consistently associated with increased PDH-E1α phosphorylation. Downregulation of the activity of PDH in the active form (PDHa) at 6-h recovery from exercise in both the PGC-1α KO and MCK PGC-1α mice and the association between PDH-E1α phosphorylation and PDHa activity in PGC-1α KO mice indicate that PGC-1α is not required for these responses. In conclusion, PGC-1α regulates PDH-E1α protein content in parallel with mitochondrial oxidative proteins, but does not seem to influence PDH regulation in mouse skeletal muscle in response to fasting and in recovery from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kiilerich
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, August Krogh Bldg., Dept. of Biology, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Helge JW. Arm and leg substrate utilization and muscle adaptation after prolonged low-intensity training. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 199:519-28. [PMID: 20345410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on current data where substrate metabolism in arm and leg muscle is investigated and discuss the presence of higher carbohydrate oxidation and lactate release observed during arm compared with leg exercise. Furthermore, a basis for a possible difference in substrate partitioning between endogenous and exogenous substrate during arm and leg exercise will be debated. Moreover the review will probe if differences between arm and leg muscle are merely a result of different training status rather than a qualitative difference in limb substrate regulation. Along this line the review will address the available studies on low-intensity training performed separately with arm or legs or as whole-body training to evaluate if this leads to different adaptations in arm and leg muscle resulting in different substrate utilization patterns during separate arm or leg exercise at comparable workloads. Finally, the influence and capacity of low-intensity training to influence metabolic fitness in the face of a limited effect on aerobic fitness will be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Tremblay JH, Péronnet F, Lavoie C, Massicotte D. Fuel selection during prolonged arm and leg exercise with 13C-glucose ingestion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 41:2151-7. [PMID: 19915504 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ab2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare fuel selection during prolonged arm (AE) and leg exercise (LE) with water or glucose ingestion. METHODS Ten subjects (VO2max: 4.77 +/- 0.20 and 3.36 +/- 0.15 L x min(-1) for LE and AE, respectively) completed 120 min of LE and AE at 50% of the mode-specific maximal power output (353 +/- 18 and 160 +/- 9 W, respectively) with ingestion of water (20 mL x kg(-1)) or 13C-glucose (2 g x kg(-1)). Substrate oxidation was measured using indirect respiratory calorimetry corrected for urea excretion and 13CO2 production at the mouth. RESULTS The contribution of protein oxidation to the energy yield (%En) was higher during AE than LE (approximately 8% vs approximately 4%) because of the lower energy expenditure and was not significantly modified with glucose ingestion. With water ingestion, the %En from CHO oxidation was not significantly different during LE and AE (64 +/- 2% and 66 +/- 2%, respectively). Glucose ingestion significantly increased the %En from total CHO oxidation during AE (78 +/- 3%) but not during LE (71 +/- 2%). Exogenous glucose oxidation was not significantly different in AE and LE (56 +/- 4 and 65 +/- 3 g, respectively), but the %En from exogenous glucose was higher during AE than LE (30 +/- 1% and 24 +/- 1%) because of the lower energy expenditure. When glucose was ingested, the %En from endogenous CHO oxidation was significantly reduced during both AE (66 +/- 2% to 48 +/- 3%) and LE (64 +/- 2% to 47 +/- 3%) and was not significantly different in the two modes of exercise. CONCLUSIONS The difference in fuel selection between AE and LE when water was ingested was modest with a slightly higher reliance on CHO oxidation during AE. The amount of exogenous glucose oxidized was lower but its %En was higher during AE because of the lower energy expenditure.
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Kiilerich K, Gudmundsson M, Birk JB, Lundby C, Taudorf S, Plomgaard P, Saltin B, Pedersen PA, Wojtaszewski JFP, Pilegaard H. Low muscle glycogen and elevated plasma free fatty acid modify but do not prevent exercise-induced PDH activation in human skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2010; 59:26-32. [PMID: 19833896 PMCID: PMC2797931 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that free fatty acid (FFA) and muscle glycogen modify exercise-induced regulation of PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) in human skeletal muscle through regulation of PDK4 expression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS On two occasions, healthy male subjects lowered (by exercise) muscle glycogen in one leg (LOW) relative to the contra-lateral leg (CON) the day before the experimental day. On the experimental days, plasma FFA was ensured normal or remained elevated by consuming breakfast rich (low FFA) or poor (high FFA) in carbohydrate, 2 h before performing 20 min of two-legged knee extensor exercise. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained before and after exercise. RESULTS PDK4 protein content was approximately 2.2- and approximately 1.5-fold higher in LOW than CON leg in high FFA and low FFA, respectively, and the PDK4 protein content in the CON leg was approximately twofold higher in high FFA than in low FFA. In all conditions, exercise increased PDHa (PDH in the active form) activity, resulting in similar levels in LOW leg in both trials and CON leg in high FFA, but higher level in CON leg in low FFA. PDHa activity was closely associated with the PDH-E1alpha phosphorylation level. CONCLUSIONS Muscle glycogen and plasma FFA attenuate exercise-induced PDH regulation in human skeletal muscle in a nonadditive manner. This might be through regulation of PDK4 expression. The activation of PDH by exercise independent of changes in muscle glycogen or plasma FFA suggests that exercise overrules FFA-mediated inhibition of PDH (i.e., carbohydrate oxidation), and this may thus be one mechanism behind the health-promoting effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kiilerich
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Munkvik M, Lunde PK, Sejersted OM. Causes of fatigue in slow-twitch rat skeletal muscle during dynamic activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R900-10. [PMID: 19625691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.91043.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fatigue is most often studied in vitro at room temperature and is classically defined as a decline in maximum force production or power output, exclusively linked to repeated isometric contractions. However, most muscles shorten during normal use, and we propose that both the functional correlate of fatigue, as well as the fatigue mechanism, will be different during dynamic contractions compared with static contractions. Under isoflurane anesthesia, fatigue was induced in rat soleus muscles in situ by isotonic shortening contractions at 37 degrees C. Muscles were stimulated repeatedly for 1 s at 30 Hz every 2 s for a total of 15 min. The muscles were allowed to shorten isotonically against a load corresponding to one-third of maximal isometric force. Maximal unloaded shortening velocity (V(0)), maximum force production (F(max)), and isometric relaxation rate (-dF/dt) was reduced after 100 s but returned to almost initial values at the end of the stimulation protocol. Likewise, ATP and creatine phosphate (CrP) were reduced after 100 s, but the level of CrP was partially restored to initial values after 15 min. The rate of isometric force development, the velocity of shortening, and isotonic shortening were also reduced at 100 s, but in striking contrast, did not recover during the remainder of the stimulation protocol. The regulatory myosin light chain (MLC2s) was dephosphorylated after 100 s and did not recover. Although metabolic changes may account for the changes of F(max), -dF/dt, and V(0), dephosphorylation of MLC2s may be involved in the fatigue seen as sustained slower contraction velocities and decreased muscle shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Munkvik
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo Univ. Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
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