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Ye X, Chen W, Huang XF, Yan FJ, Deng SG, Zheng XD, Shan PF. Anti-diabetic effect of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: data from insulin resistant hepatocyte and diabetic mouse. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38429305 PMCID: PMC10907696 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are a group of natural products widely found in plants. They have been found to alleviate the disorders of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS HepG2 and L02 cells were incubated with 0.2 mM PA and 30 mM glucose for 24 h to induce IR, and cells treated with 5 mM glucose were used as the control. C57BL/6 J male mice and db/db male mice were fed with a chow diet and gavaged with pure water or cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) solution (150 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. RESULTS In this study, the anthocyanin C3G, extracted from red bayberry, was found to alleviate disorders of glucose metabolism, which resulted in increased insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes, and achieved by enhancing the glucose consumption as well as glycogen synthesis in insulin resistance (IR) hepatpcytes. Subsequently, the expression of key proteins involved in IR was detected by western blotting analysis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling, could reduce cellular sensitivity to insulin by inhibiting the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2). Results of this study showed that C3G inhibited the increase in PTP1B after high glucose and palmitic acid treatment. And this inhibition was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of IRS proteins. Furthermore, the effect of C3G on improving IR in vivo was validated by using a diabetic db/db mouse model. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that C3G could alleviate IR in vitro and in vivo to increase insulin sensitivity, which may offer a new insight for regulating glucose metabolism during T2DM by using the natural dietary bioactive components. C3G promotes the phosphorylation of IRS-2 proteins by suppressing the expression of PTP1B, and then enhances the sensitivity of hepatocyte to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Fan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Jie Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Guang Deng
- Advanced Computing and System Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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Li L, Xie J, Zhang Z, Xia B, Li Y, Lin Y, Li M, Wu P, Lin L. Recent advances in medicinal and edible homologous plant polysaccharides: Preparation, structure and prevention and treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128873. [PMID: 38141704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and edible homologs (MEHs) can be used in medicine and food. The National Health Commission announced that a total of 103 kinds of medicinal and edible homologous plants (MEHPs) would be available by were available in 2023. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the third most common chronic metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health worldwide. Polysaccharides, the main component isolated from MEHPs, have significant antidiabetic effects with few side effects. Based on a literature search, this paper summarizes the preparation methods, structural characterization, and antidiabetic functions and mechanisms of MEHPs polysaccharides (MEHPPs). Specifically, MEHPPs mainly regulate PI3K/Akt, AMPK, cAMP/PKA, Nrf2/Keap1, NF-κB, MAPK and other signaling pathways to promote insulin secretion and release, improve glycolipid metabolism, inhibit the inflammatory response, decrease oxidative stress and regulate intestinal flora. Among them, 16 kinds of MEHPPs were found to have obvious anti-diabetic effects. This article reviews the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications by MEHPPs and provides a basis for the development of safe and effective MEHPP-derived health products and new drugs to prevent and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingchen Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Limei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China.
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Luo S, Ye D, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Xie L, Ji Y. Roles of Protein S-Nitrosylation in Endothelial Homeostasis and Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:186-205. [PMID: 37742108 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nitric oxide (NO) plays several distinct roles in endothelial homeostasis. Except for activating the guanylyl cyclase enzyme-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway, NO can bind reactive cysteine residues in target proteins, a process known as S-nitrosylation (SNO). SNO is proposed to explain the multiple biological functions of NO in the endothelium. Investigating the targets and mechanism of protein SNO in endothelial cells (ECs) can provide new strategies for treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. Recent Advances: In response to different environments, proteomics has identified multiple SNO targets in ECs. Functional studies confirm that SNO regulates NO bioavailability, inflammation, permeability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity in ECs. It also influences EC proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and transdifferentiation. Critical Issues: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of ECs isolated from different mouse tissues showed heterogeneous gene signatures. However, litter research focuses on the heterogeneous properties of SNO proteins in ECs derived from different tissues. Although metabolism reprogramming plays a vital role in endothelial functions, little is known about how protein SNO regulates metabolism reprogramming in ECs. Future Directions: Precisely deciphering the effects of protein SNO in ECs isolated from different tissues under different conditions is necessary to further characterize the relationship between protein SNO and endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. In addition, identifying SNO targets that can influence endothelial metabolic reprogramming and the underlying mechanism can offer new views on the crosstalk between metabolism and post-translational protein modification. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 186-205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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Vasamsetti BMK, Kim YJ, Kang JH, Choi JW. Analysis of Phosphatase Activity in a Droplet-Based Microfluidic Chip. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090740. [PMID: 36140125 PMCID: PMC9496282 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report analysis of phosphatase activity and inhibition on droplet-based microfluidic chips. Phosphatases are such attractive potential drug targets because abnormal phosphatase activity has been implicated in a variety of diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, diabetes, osteoporosis, and obesity. So far, several methods for assessing phosphatase activity have been reported. However, they require a large sample volume and additional chemical modifications such as fluorescent dye conjugation and nanomaterial conjugation, and are not cost-effective. In this study, we used an artificial phosphatase substrate 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate as a fluorescent reporter and dual specificity phosphatase 22. Using these materials, the phosphatase assay was performed from approximately 340.4 picoliter (pL) droplets generated at a frequency of ~40 hertz (Hz) in a droplet-based microfluidic chip. To evaluate the suitability of droplet-based platform for screening phosphatase inhibitors, a dose–response inhibition study was performed with ethyl-3,4-dephostatin and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated as 5.79 ± 1.09 μM. The droplet-based results were compared to microplate-based experiments, which showed agreement. The droplet-based phosphatase assay proposed here is simple, reproducible, and generates enormous data sets within the limited sample and reagent volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
- Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
- Department of Bioindustrial Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-43-229-8528
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Dou JY, Jiang YC, Cui ZY, Lian LH, Nan JX, Wu YL. Acanthoic acid, unique potential pimaradiene diterpene isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae): A review on its pharmacology, molecular mechanism, and structural modification. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113247. [PMID: 35597316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acanthoic acid (AA) is a pimaradiene diterpene isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae) with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, liver protection, gastrointestinal protection, and cardiovascular protection. In addition, AA promotes its pharmacological effects by targeting liver X receptors (LXRs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) signaling pathways, or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, etc. Also, some studies focus on the structural modification of AA to improve its pharmacological activities. The review summarizes the pharmacological activities, molecular mechanism, and the structural modification of AA, which might supply information for the development of AA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Dou
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China.
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Computational Methods in Cooperation with Experimental Approaches to Design Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Drug Design: A Review of the Achievements of This Century. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070866. [PMID: 35890163 PMCID: PMC9322956 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) dephosphorylates phosphotyrosine residues and is an important regulator of several signaling pathways, such as insulin, leptin, and the ErbB signaling network, among others. Therefore, this enzyme is considered an attractive target to design new drugs against type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer. To date, a wide variety of PTP1B inhibitors that have been developed by experimental and computational approaches. In this review, we summarize the achievements with respect to PTP1B inhibitors discovered by applying computer-assisted drug design methodologies (virtual screening, molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, and quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR)) as the principal strategy, in cooperation with experimental approaches, covering articles published from the beginning of the century until the time this review was submitted, with a focus on studies conducted with the aim of discovering new drugs against type 2 diabetes. This review encourages the use of computational techniques and includes helpful information that increases the knowledge generated to date about PTP1B inhibition, with a positive impact on the route toward obtaining a new drug against type 2 diabetes with PTP1B as a molecular target.
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Suresh P, Miller WT, London E. Phospholipid exchange shows insulin receptor activity is supported by both the propensity to form wide bilayers and ordered raft domains. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101010. [PMID: 34324831 PMCID: PMC8379460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) is a membrane tyrosine kinase that mediates the response of cells to insulin. IR activity has been shown to be modulated by changes in plasma membrane lipid composition, but the properties and structural determinants of lipids mediating IR activity are poorly understood. Here, using efficient methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange, we studied the effect of altering plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipid composition upon the activity of IR in mammalian cells. After substitution of endogenous lipids with lipids having an ability to form liquid ordered (Lo) domains (sphingomyelins) or liquid disordered (Ld) domains (unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs)), we found that the propensity of lipids to form ordered domains is required for high IR activity. Additional substitution experiments using a series of saturated PCs showed that IR activity increased substantially with increasing acyl chain length, which increases both bilayer width and the propensity to form ordered domains. Incorporating purified IR into alkyl maltoside micelles with increasing hydrocarbon lengths also increased IR activity, but more modestly than by increasing lipid acyl chain length in cells. These results suggest that the ability to form Lo domains as well as wide bilayer width contributes to increased IR activity. Inhibition of phosphatases showed that some of the lipid dependence of IR activity upon lipid structure reflected protection from phosphatases by lipids that support Lo domain formation. These results are consistent with a model in which a combination of bilayer width and ordered domain formation modulates IR activity via IR conformation and accessibility to phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavana Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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Saeed M, Shoaib A, Tasleem M, Alabdallah NM, Alam MJ, Asmar ZE, Jamal QMS, Bardakci F, Alqahtani SS, Ansari IA, Badraoui R. Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of the Shikonin by Allosteric Inhibition of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Using State of Art: An In Silico and In Vitro Tactics. Molecules 2021; 26:3996. [PMID: 34208908 PMCID: PMC8271486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that affects both developing and developed countries and is a major public health concern. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market, which counteracts the associated pathologies. However, due to the propensity of side effects, there is an unmet need for the investigation of safe and effective drugs. This research aims to find a novel phytoconstituent having diminished action on blood glucose levels with the least side effects. Shikonin is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone dying pigment obtained by the roots of the Boraginaceae family. Besides its use as pigments, it can be used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. This research aimed to hypothesize the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of Shikonin's in silico interaction with protein tyrosine phosphate 1B, as well as it's in vitro studies, in order to determine its potential anti-diabetic impact. To do so, molecular docking experiments with target proteins were conducted to assess their anti-diabetic ability. Analyzing associations with corresponding amino acids revealed the significant molecular interactions between Shikonin and diabetes-related target proteins. In silico pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of Shikonin using ADMET Descriptor, Toxicity Prediction, and Calculate Molecular Properties tools from Biovia Discovery Studio v4.5. Filter by Lipinski and Veber Rule's module from Biovia Discovery Studio v4.5 was applied to assess the drug-likeness of Shikonin. The in vitro studies exposed that Shikonin shows an inhibitory potential against the PTP1B with an IC50 value of 15.51 µM. The kinetics studies revealed that it has a competitive inhibitory effect (Ki = 7.5 M) on the enzyme system, which could be useful in the production of preventive and therapeutic agents. The findings of this research suggested that the Shikonin could be used as an anti-diabetic agent and can be used as a novel source for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box No. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 383, Dammam 31113, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Zeina El Asmar
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box No. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis 1007, Tunisia
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Sun YZ, Wu JW, Du S, Ma YC, Zhou L, Ma Y, Wang RL. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics of LAR inhibitors. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 92:107481. [PMID: 33838390 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, firstly, the pharmacophore model was established based on LAR inhibitors. ZINC database and drug-like database were screened by Hypo-1-LAR model, and the embryonic compound ZINC71414996 was obtained. Based on this compound, we designed 9 compounds. Secondly, the synthetic route of the compound was determined by consulting Reaxys and Scifinder databases, and 9 compounds (1a-1i) were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution, Suzuki reaction and so on. Meanwhile, their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Thirdly, the Enzymatic assays was carried out, the biological evaluation of compounds 1a-1i led to the identification of a novel PTP-LAR inhibitor 1c, which displayed an IC50 value of 4.8 μM. At last, molecular dynamics simulation showed that compounds could interact strongly with the key amino acids LYS1350, LYS1352, ARG1354, TYR1355, LYS1433, ASP1435, TRP1488, ASP1490, VAL1493, SER1523, ARG1528, ARG1561, GLN1570, LYS1681, thereby inhibiting the protein activity. This study constructed the pharmacophore model of LAR protein, designed small-molecule inhibitors, conducted compound synthesis and enzyme activity screening, so as to provide a basis for searching for drug-capable lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Wei Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang-Chun Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Run-Ling Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Ajebli M, Khan H, Eddouks M. Natural Alkaloids and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:111-130. [PMID: 32955004 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200821124817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of herbal therapies for treatment and management of diabetes mellitus and complications associated with this chronic condition is increasing. Plants contain a bounty of phytochemicals that have been proven to be protective by reducing the risk of various ailments and diseases, including alkaloids. Moreover, alkaloids are known to be among the oldest natural products used by humans for highlighting drugs that play crucial roles as therapeutic agents. The reason for this expanding interest and uses of alkaloids as a part of plant natural compounds-based treatments is that a significant proportion of diabetic patients do not respond very well to conventional therapeutic medication. Furthermore, other explanations to this fact are the cost of medication, side-effects, accessibility, and availability of health facilities and drugs and the inefficiency of these medicines in certain cases. OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to review the literature on the valuable effects of herbs and plants and their isolated alkaloids compounds as medication for management of diabetes, a prevalent risk factor for several other disorders and illnesses. METHODS In the current review, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer and google scholar databases were used and the criterion for inclusion was based on the following keywords and phrases: diabetes, hyperglycemia, complications of diabetes, alkaloids, antidiabetic alkaloids, hypoglycemic alkaloids, alkaloids and complications of diabetes mellitus, mechanisms of action and alkaloids. RESULTS In the current review, we demonstrate that alkaloids in the form of extracts and isolated molecules obtained from a large variety of species demonstrated their efficiency for improving raises in blood glucose either in animal models via experimental studies or in human subjects via clinical trials. Medicinal species as chillies (Capsicum annuum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and cress (Lepidium sativum) are among the most common and therapeutic plants used for controlling diabetes that were the subject of several experimental and clinical investigations. Whereas, isolated alkaloids such as berberine, capsaicin and trigonelline have received more interest in this field. Interestingly, the therapeutic impact of alkaloids against blood glucose pathogenesis is mediated through a variety of signaling cascades and pathways, via inhibiting or stimulating diversity of systems such as inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme, blockade of PTP- 1B, deactivation of DPP-IV, increasing insulin sensitivity and modulating the oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the present review, alkaloids could be used as preventive and curative agents in the case of endocrine disorders, particularly diabetes and could play a promoting function for the discovery of new antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Haroun Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
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11
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Yue X, Han T, Hao W, Wang M, Fu Y. SHP2 knockdown ameliorates liver insulin resistance by activating IRS-2 phosphorylation through the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2578-2587. [PMID: 33012117 PMCID: PMC7714075 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance (IR). SHP2 has previously been identified as a potential target to reduce IR in diabetes. Here, we examined the effects of SHP2 on glucose consumption (GC), IR level and the expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS), AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 proteins in a cellular and animal model of diabetes. IR was induced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and SHP2 was up-regulated or down-regulated in cells. Diabetic rats were treated with SHP2 inhibitor. GC of cells, and the weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-IR index and insulin sensitivity (ISI) of the rats were analyzed. The levels of SHP2 and the activation of IRS-2, AKT and ERK1/2 in cells and rats were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blot. GC was reduced, but expression of SHP2 was enhanced in IR HCC cells. Phosphorylation of IRS-2 and AKT in IR HCC cells and diabetic rats was decreased, whereas phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was enhanced. In both the cell and animal models, SHP2 knockdown enhanced GC, ameliorated IR, activated IRS-2 and AKT, and inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in contrast with the effects of SHP2 overexpression. SHP2 knockdown may enhance GC and ameliorate IR through phosphorylation of IRS-2 via regulating AKT and ERK1/2 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yue
- Department of Clinic CollegeHe UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tao Han
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Clinic CollegeHe UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinic CollegeHe UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
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12
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Dong H, Dong S, Erik Hansen P, Stagos D, Lin X, Liu M. Progress of Bromophenols in Marine Algae from 2011 to 2020: Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E411. [PMID: 32759739 PMCID: PMC7459620 DOI: 10.3390/md18080411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae contain various bromophenols that have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities, including antiradical, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory effects, and so on. Here, we briefly review the recent progress of these marine algae biomaterials and their derivatives from 2011 to 2020, with respect to structure, bioactivities, and their potential application as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.D.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Songtao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.D.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.D.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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13
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Chatham JC, Zhang J, Wende AR. Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:427-493. [PMID: 32730113 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O-linkage overturned the widely held assumption that glycosylation only occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory pathways. In contrast to traditional glycosylation, the O-GlcNAc modification does not lead to complex, branched glycan structures and is rapidly cycled on and off proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including signaling, protein localization and stability, transcription, chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. Dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will outline our current understanding of the processes involved in regulating O-GlcNAc turnover, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cellular physiology, and how dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Perez Gutierrez RM, Baez EG. Diterpenes from seeds of Phalaris canariensis and their PTP1B inhibitory activity and hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:603-617. [PMID: 31322002 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1636786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This present study was to evaluate the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity of nine diterpenes isolated from seeds of Phalaris canariensis, as well as their effect on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses. Diterpenes, 1, 4, and 2 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity on PTP1B with IC50 values of 6.9, 7.3, and 6.5 µM, respectively, The administration of 1-9 showed significant effect on hyperglycemia, among them 1, 4, and 2 reduced fasting glucose levels (55.65%, 54.27%, and 51.22%, respectively). Results revealed that diterpenes performed potential antidiabetic activity via inhibition of PTP1B.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos S/N Av, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Efren Garcia Baez
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Nanosciences, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticoman, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Lotufo GR, Gust KA, Ballentine ML, Moores LC, Kennedy AJ, Barker ND, Ji Q, Chappell P. Comparative Toxicological Evaluation of UV-Degraded versus Parent-Insensitive Munition Compound 1-Methyl-3-Nitroguanidine in Fathead Minnow. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:612-622. [PMID: 31845397 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The US Army is replacing traditional munitions with insensitive munitions resistant to accidental detonation. Although the parent insensitive munition compound nitroguanidine (NQ) is generally not acutely toxic at concentrations >1000 mg/L in aquatic exposures, products formed by intensive ultraviolet (UV) degradation resulted in multiple-order of magnitude increases in toxicity. A methylated congener of NQ, 1-methyl-3-nitroguanidine (MeNQ), is also being assessed for potential use in insensitive munition explosive formulations; therefore, the present study investigated the hazard of parent versus UV-degraded MeNQ using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Although up to 716 mg/L parent MeNQ caused no significant mortality or effects on growth in larval P. promelas fish in 7-d exposures, a similar concentration of MeNQ subjected to UV treatment resulted in 85% mortality. The UV treatment degraded only 3.3% of the MeNQ (5800 mg/L stock, UV-treated for 6 h), indicating that MeNQ degradation products have potentially high toxicity. The parent MeNQ exposure caused significantly decreased transcriptional expression of genes within the significantly enriched insulin metabolic pathway, suggesting antagonism of bioenergetics pathways, which complements observed, although nonsignificant, decreases in body weight. Significant differential transcriptional expression in the UV-degraded MeNQ treatments resulted in significant enrichment of pathways and functions related to the cell cycle, as well as erythrocyte function involved in O2 /CO2 exchange. These functions represent potential mechanistic sources of increased toxicity observed in the UV-degraded MeNQ exposures, which are distinct from previously observed mechanisms underlying increased toxicity of UV-degraded NQ in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:612-622. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Lotufo
- US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Kurt A Gust
- US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Mark L Ballentine
- US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Lee C Moores
- US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Alan J Kennedy
- US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | | | - Qing Ji
- Bennett Aerospace, Cary, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Chang BH, Cui B, Ullah H, Li S, Hao K, Tu X, Wang G, Nong X, McNeill MR, Huang X, Zhang Z. Role of PTP/PTK trans activated insulin-like signalling pathway in regulation of grasshopper (Oedaleus asiaticus) development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8312-8324. [PMID: 30706274 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) genes are responsible for the regulation of insect insulin-like pathway (ILP), cells growth, metabolism initiation, gene transcription and observing immune response. Signal transduction in insect cell is also associated with PTPs and PTKs. The grasshopper (Oedaleus asiaticus) 'Bey-Bienko' were treated with dsRNA of protein tyrosine non-receptor type 4 (PTPN4) and protein tyrosine kinase 5 (PTK5) along with control (water). Applying dsPTK5 treatments in 5th instar of Oedaleus asiaticus, significant reduction was recorded in body dry mass, growth rate and overall performance except survival rate. Whereas with PTPN4, no such significant impact on all of these growth parameters was recorded. Expression of genes in ILP 5th instar of Oedaleus asiaticus by the application of dsPTPN4 and dsPTK5 revealed that PTK, INSR (insulin receptor), IRS (insulin receptor substrate), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), PDK (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase), Akt (protein kinase B) and FOXO (forkhead transcription factor) significantly expressed with downregulation except PTPN4, which remained non-significant. On the other hand, the phosphorylation level of ILP four proteins in O. asiaticus with the treatment of dsPTPN4 and dsPTK5 significantly affected P-IRS and P-FOXO, while P-INSR and P-AKT remained stable at the probability level of 5%. This indicated that the stress response in the O. asiaticus insulin-like signalling pathway (ILP) reduced. Regarding association of protective enzymatic activities, ROS (relative oxygen species), CAT (catalase) and PO (phenol oxidase) increased significantly with exposure to dsPTK5 as compared to dsPTPN4 and control, while exposure of 5th instar of O. asiaticus to dsPTPN4 treatment slightly raised CAT and PO activities with but significant contribution. No such significant effect on MFO and POD was seen using dsPTPN4 and dsPTK5. This showed that in the ILP of O. asiaticus, PTK5 was detrimental to growth, body mass and overall performance, which ultimately benefited insect detoxification with high-energy cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Hussain Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | - Boyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | - Xiangqun Nong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China
| | | | - Xunbing Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, China.
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17
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Alam F, Shafique Z, Amjad ST, Bin Asad MHH. Enzymes inhibitors from natural sources with antidiabetic activity: A review. Phytother Res 2018; 33:41-54. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Zainab Shafique
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan
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Sarabia-Sánchez MJ, Trejo-Soto PJ, Velázquez-López JM, Carvente-García C, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Avitia-Domínguez C, Enríquez-Mendiola D, Sierra-Campos E, Valdez-Solana M, Salas-Pacheco JM, Téllez-Valencia A. Novel Mixed-Type Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. Kinetic and Computational Studies. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122262. [PMID: 29261102 PMCID: PMC6150025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlas of Diabetes reports 415 million diabetics in the world, a number that has surpassed in half the expected time the twenty year projection. Type 2 diabetes is the most frequent form of the disease; it is characterized by a defect in the secretion of insulin and a resistance in its target organs. In the search for new antidiabetic drugs, one of the principal strategies consists in promoting the action of insulin. In this sense, attention has been centered in the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a protein whose overexpression or increase of its activity has been related in many studies with insulin resistance. In the present work, a chemical library of 250 compounds was evaluated to determine their inhibition capability on the protein PTP1B. Ten molecules inhibited over the 50% of the activity of the PTP1B, the three most potent molecules were selected for its characterization, reporting Ki values of 5.2, 4.2 and 41.3 µM, for compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed that the three inhibitors made interactions with residues at the secondary binding site to phosphate, exclusive for PTP1B. The data reported here support these compounds as hits for the design more potent and selective inhibitors against PTP1B in the search of new antidiabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jazmín Sarabia-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango, Durango C.P. 34000, Mexico.
| | - Pedro Josué Trejo-Soto
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - José Miguel Velázquez-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Carvente-García
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Avitia-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango, Durango C.P. 34000, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Enríquez-Mendiola
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango, Durango C.P. 34000, Mexico.
| | - Erick Sierra-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango C.P. 35010, Mexico.
| | - Mónica Valdez-Solana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango C.P. 35010, Mexico.
| | - José Manuel Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad S/N, Durango, Durango C.P. 34000, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango, Durango C.P. 34000, Mexico.
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19
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Xu Q, Luo J, Wu N, Zhang R, Shi D. BPN, a marine-derived PTP1B inhibitor, activates insulin signaling and improves insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:379-386. [PMID: 28811203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by defects in insulin signaling. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of insulin signaling cascade and has attracted intensive investigation in recent T2DM therapy study. BPN, a marine-derived bromophenol compound, was isolated from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. This study investigated the effects of BPN on the insulin signaling pathway in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes by inhibiting PTP1B. Molecular docking study and analysis of small- molecule interaction with PTP1B all showed BPN inhibited PTP1B activity via binding to the catalytic site through hydrogen bonds. We then found that BPN permeated into C2C12 myotubes, on the one hand, activated insulin signaling in an insulin-independent manner in C2C12 cells; on the other hand, ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance through augmenting insulin sensitivity. Moreover, our studies also showed that PTP1B inhibition by BPN increased glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes through glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Taken together, BPN activates insulin signaling and alleviates insulin resistance and represents a potential candidate for further development as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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20
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Mi Y, Qi G, Fan R, Qiao Q, Sun Y, Gao Y, Liu X. EGCG ameliorates high‐fat– and high‐fructose‐induced cognitive defects by regulating the IRS/AKT and ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways in the CNS. FASEB J 2017; 31:4998-5011. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700400rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Rong Fan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Qinglian Qiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yali Sun
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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Cellular Dynamics Controlled by Phosphatases. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-016-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether neonatal maternal separation (MS) - chronic stress experience in early life - affects the anorectic efficacy of leptin in the offspring at adolescence. Sprague-Dawley pups were separated from the dam daily for 3 h during postnatal day 1-14 or left undisturbed as non-handled controls (NH). NH and MS male pups received an intraperitoneal leptin (100 μg/kg) or saline on postnatal day (PND) 28, and then food intake and body weight gain were recorded. The hypothalamic levels of leptin-signalling-related genes, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were examined at 40 min after a single injection of leptin on PND 39 by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Leptin-induced suppressions in food intake and weight gain was observed in NH pups, but not in MS. Leptin increased pSTAT3 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of NH pups, but not of MS. Interestingly, basal levels of the hypothalamic PTP1B and pSTAT3 were increased in MS pups compared with NH controls. The results suggest that neonatal MS experience may blunt the anorectic efficacy of leptin later in life, possibly in relation with increased expressions of PTP1B and/or pSTAT3 in the hypothalamus.
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Jia Y, Lu L, Zhu M, Yuan C, Xing S, Fu X. A dioxidovanadium (V) complex of NNO-donor Schiff base as a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B: Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:287-292. [PMID: 28199951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new dioxidovanadium (V) complex, VO2(HPPCH) (1) (H2PPCH = N'-picolinoylpyridin-1-ium-2-carbohydrazonate) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X-ray diffraction analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectra. Complex 1 crystallized in the monoclinic system with space group P21/c. It potently inhibited PTP1B with IC50 of 0.13 μM, about 7, 15 and 125-fold stronger against PTP1B than over TCPTP, SHP-1 and SHP-2, displaying obvious selectivity against PTP1B. Western blotting analysis indicated that complex 1 effectively increased the phosphorylation of PTP1B substrates, especially the phosphorylation of IR/IGF 1R and IRS-1. It exhibited lower cytotoxicity than positive control VOSO4. These results make complex 1 a promising candidate for novel anti-diabetic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Jia
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miaoli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Xing
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
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24
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Shin SY, Nguyen LK. Dissecting Cell-Fate Determination Through Integrated Mathematical Modeling of the ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1487:409-432. [PMID: 27924583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6424-6_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past three decades have witnessed an enormous progress in the elucidation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and its involvement in various cellular processes. Because of its importance and complex wiring, the ERK pathway has been an intensive subject for mathematical modeling, which facilitates the unraveling of key dynamic properties and behaviors of the pathway. Recently, however, it became evident that the pathway does not act in isolation but closely interacts with many other pathways to coordinate various cellular outcomes under different pathophysiological contexts. This has led to an increasing number of integrated, large-scale models that link the ERK pathway to other functionally important pathways. In this chapter, we first discuss the essential steps in model development and notable models of the ERK pathway. We then use three examples of integrated, multipathway models to investigate how crosstalk of ERK signaling with other pathways regulates cell-fate decision-making in various physiological and disease contexts. Specifically, we focus on ERK interactions with the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling pathways. We conclude that integrated modeling in combination with wet-lab experimentation have been and will be instrumental in gaining an in-depth understanding of ERK signaling in multiple biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Hwang SH, Wang Z, Yoon HN, Lim SS. Xanthium strumarium as an Inhibitor of α-Glucosidase, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1β, Protein Glycation and ABTS⁺ for Diabetic and Its Complication. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091241. [PMID: 27649132 PMCID: PMC6273932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the natural products from Xanthium strumarium led to the isolation of fourteen compounds including seven caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives. The individual compounds were screened for inhibition of α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1β (PTP1β), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity using in vitro assays. Among the isolated compounds, methyl-3,5-di-caffeoyquinic acid exhibited significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (18.42 μM), PTP1β (1.88 μM), AGEs (82.79 μM), and ABTS+ (6.03 μM). This effect was marked compared to that of the positive controls (acarbose 584.79 μM, sumarin 5.51 μM, aminoguanidine 1410.00 μM, and trolox 29.72 μM respectively). In addition, 3,5-di-O-CQA (88.14 μM) and protocatechuic acid (32.93 μM) had a considerable inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase and ABTS+. Based on these findings, methyl-3,5-di-caffeoyquinic acid was assumed to be potentially responsible for the anti-diabetic actions of X. strumarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Ha Na Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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26
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Optimization of extraction parameters of PTP1β (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1β), inhibitory polyphenols, and anthocyanins from Zea mays L. using response surface methodology (RSM). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:317. [PMID: 27561370 PMCID: PMC5000470 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues (such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue) has a key role in the regulation of insulin signaling and pathway activation, making protein tyrosine phosphatase a promising target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity and response surface methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical technique for optimizing complex processes using a multi-variant approach. Methods In this study, Zea mays L. (Purple corn kernel, PCK) and its constituents were investigated for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1β (PTP1β) inhibitory activity including enzyme kinetic study and to improve total yields of anthocyanins and polyphenols, four extraction parameters, including temperature, time, solid-liquid ratio, and solvent volume, were optimized by RSM. Results Isolation of seven polyphenols and five anthocyanins was achieved by PTP1β assay. Among them, cyanidin-3-(6”malonylglucoside) and 3′-methoxyhirsutrin showed the highest PTP1β inhibition with IC50 values of 54.06 and 64.04 μM, respectively and 4.52 mg gallic acid equivalent/g (GAE/g) of total polyphenol content (TPC) and 43.02 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/100 g (C3GE/100g) of total anthocyanin content (TAC) were extracted at 40 °C for 8 h with a 33 % solid-liquid ratio and a 1:15 solvent volume. Yields were similar to predictions of 4.58 mg GAE/g of TPC and 42.28 mg C3GE/100 g of TAC. Conclusion These results indicated that PCK and 3′-methoxyhirsutrin and cyanidin-3-(6”malonylglucoside) might be active natural compounds and could be apply by optimizing of extraction process using response surface methodology.
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Cieniewicz AM, Cooper PR, McGehee J, Lingham RB, Kihm AJ. Novel method demonstrates differential ligand activation and phosphatase-mediated deactivation of insulin receptor tyrosine-specific phosphorylation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1037-47. [PMID: 27155325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin receptor signaling is a complex cascade leading to a multitude of intracellular functional responses. Three natural ligands, insulin, IGF1 and IGF2, are each capable of binding with different affinities to the insulin receptor, and result in variable biological responses. However, it is likely these affinity differences alone cannot completely explain the myriad of diverse cellular outcomes. Ligand binding initiates activation of a signaling cascade resulting in phosphorylation of the IR itself and other intracellular proteins. The direct catalytic activity along with the temporally coordinated assembly of signaling proteins is critical for insulin receptor signaling. We hypothesized that determining differential phosphorylation among individual tyrosine sites activated by ligand binding or dephosphorylation by phosphatases could provide valuable insight into insulin receptor signaling. Here, we present a sensitive, novel immunoassay adapted from Meso Scale Discovery technology to quantitatively measure changes in site-specific phosphorylation levels on endogenous insulin receptors from HuH7 cells. We identified insulin receptor phosphorylation patterns generated upon differential ligand activation and phosphatase-mediated deactivation. The data demonstrate that insulin, IGF1 and IGF2 elicit different insulin receptor phosphorylation kinetics and potencies that translate to downstream signaling. Furthermore, we show that insulin receptor deactivation, regulated by tyrosine phosphatases, occurs distinctively across specific tyrosine residues. In summary, we present a novel, quantitative and high-throughput assay that has uncovered differential ligand activation and site-specific deactivation of the insulin receptor. These results may help elucidate some of the insulin signaling mechanisms, discriminate ligand activity and contribute to a better understanding of insulin receptor signaling. We propose this methodology as a powerful approach to characterize agonists and antagonists of the insulin receptor and can be adapted to serve as a platform to evaluate ligands of alternate receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Cieniewicz
- Biologics Research, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen R & D Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Philip R Cooper
- Biologics Research, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen R & D Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jennifer McGehee
- Biologics Research, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen R & D Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Russell B Lingham
- Biologics Research, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen R & D Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Anthony J Kihm
- Biologics Research, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen R & D Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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Silva FSG, Oliveira PJ, Duarte MF. Oleanolic, Ursolic, and Betulinic Acids as Food Supplements or Pharmaceutical Agents for Type 2 Diabetes: Promise or Illusion? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2991-3008. [PMID: 27012451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic (OA), ursolic (UA), and betulinic (BA) acids are three triterpenic acids (TAs) with potential effects for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Mechanistic studies showed that these TAs act as hypoglycemic and antiobesity agents mainly through (i) reducing the absorption of glucose; (ii) decreasing endogenous glucose production; (iii) increasing insulin sensitivity; (iv) improving lipid homeostasis; and (v) promoting body weight regulation. Besides these promising beneficial effects, it is believed that OA, UA, and BA protect against diabetes-related comorbidities due to their antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We also highlight the protective effect of OA, UA, and BA against oxidative damage, which may be very relevant for the treatment and/or prevention of T2DM. In the present review, we provide an integrative description of the antidiabetic properties of OA, UA, and BA, evaluating the potential use of these TAs as food supplements or pharmaceutical agents to prevent and/or treat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena S G Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrı́cola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja) , Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra , 3060-107 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrı́cola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja) , Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
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Krüger J, Wellnhofer E, Meyborg H, Stawowy P, Östman A, Kintscher U, Kappert K. Inhibition of Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 increases insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:179-89. [PMID: 27047746 PMCID: PMC4794785 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Insulin receptor signalling is antagonized and tightly controlled by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). However, the precise role of the PTP src homology 2 domain‐containing phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1) in insulin resistance has not been explored. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat), to induce insulin resistance, or a low‐fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal from fat) for 10 weeks. Afterwards, HFD‐fed mice were pharmacologically treated with the SHP‐1 (Ptpn6) inhibitor sodium stibogluconate and the broad spectrum pan‐PTP inhibitor bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV). Both inhibitors ameliorated the metabolic phenotype, as evidenced by reduced body weight, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, which was not due to altered PTP gene expression. In parallel, phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and of the insulin signalling key intermediate Akt was enhanced, and both PTP inhibitors and siRNA‐mediated SHP‐1 downregulation resulted in an increased glucose uptake in vitro. Finally, recombinant SHP‐1 was capable of dephosphorylating the ligand‐induced tyrosine‐phosphorylated insulin receptor. These results indicate a central role of SHP‐1 in insulin signalling during obesity, and SHP‐1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Krüger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR Institute of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Charité - Universitätsmedizin Germany
| | | | - Heike Meyborg
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Deutsches Herzzentrum Germany
| | - Philipp Stawowy
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Deutsches Herzzentrum Germany
| | - Arne Östman
- Cancer Center Karolinska Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR Institute of Pharmacology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR Institute of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Charité - Universitätsmedizin Germany
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Lasram MM, Dhouib IB, Annabi A, El Fazaa S, Gharbi N. A review on the possible molecular mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine against insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes development. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1200-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Inhibitory potential of polyhydroxylated fullerenes against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015; 87:24-31. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj87.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Du Y, Ling H, zhang M, Shen J, Li Q. Discovery of novel, potent, selective and cellular active ADC type PTP1B inhibitors via fragment-docking-oriented de novel design. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4891-4898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nguyen PH, Ji DJ, Han YR, Choi JS, Rhyu DY, Min BS, Woo MH. Selaginellin and biflavonoids as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from Selaginella tamariscina and their glucose uptake stimulatory effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3730-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors from the Roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. Molecules 2015; 20:11173-83. [PMID: 26091075 PMCID: PMC6272669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemical investigation of the methanol extract from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata resulted in the isolation of 16 compounds, including prenylated xanthones 1-9 and flavonoids 10-16. Their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and comparisons with published data. Compounds 1-9 and 13-16 significantly inhibited PTP1B activity in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 1.9-13.6 μM. Prenylated xanthones showed stronger PTP1B inhibitory effects than the flavonoids, suggesting that they may be promising targets for the future discovery of novel PTP1B inhibitors. Furthermore, kinetic analyses indicated that compounds 1 and 13 inhibited PTP1B in a noncompetitive manner; therefore, they may be potential lead compounds in the development of anti-obesity and -diabetic agents.
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Kobzar OL, Trush VV, Tanchuk VY, Voronov II, Peregudov AS, Troshin PA, Vovk AI. Polycarboxylic fullerene derivatives as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arrighi N, Moratal C, Clément N, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Peraldi P, Loubat A, Kurzenne JY, Dani C, Chopard A, Dechesne CA. Characterization of adipocytes derived from fibro/adipogenic progenitors resident in human skeletal muscle. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1733. [PMID: 25906156 PMCID: PMC4650547 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A population of fibro/adipogenic but non-myogenic progenitors located between skeletal muscle fibers was recently discovered. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which these progenitors differentiate into fully functional adipocytes. The characterization of muscle progenitor-derived adipocytes is a central issue in understanding muscle homeostasis. They are considered as being the cellular origin of intermuscular adipose tissue that develops in several pathophysiological situations. Here fibro/adipogenic progenitors were isolated from a panel of 15 human muscle biopsies on the basis of the specific cell-surface immunophenotype CD15+/PDGFRα+CD56−. This allowed investigations of their differentiation into adipocytes and the cellular functions of terminally differentiated adipocytes. Adipogenic differentiation was found to be regulated by the same effectors as those regulating differentiation of progenitors derived from white subcutaneous adipose tissue. Similarly, basic adipocyte functions, such as triglyceride synthesis and lipolysis occurred at levels similar to those observed with subcutaneous adipose tissue progenitor-derived adipocytes. However, muscle progenitor-derived adipocytes were found to be insensitive to insulin-induced glucose uptake, in association with the impairment of phosphorylation of key insulin-signaling effectors. Our findings indicate that muscle adipogenic progenitors give rise to bona fide white adipocytes that have the unexpected feature of being insulin-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arrighi
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM U1091, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - C Moratal
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM U1091, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - N Clément
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM U1091, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - S Giorgetti-Peraldi
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] INSERM U 1065, Mediterranean Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Team: Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
| | - P Peraldi
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM U1091, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - A Loubat
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM U1091, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - J-Y Kurzenne
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - C Dani
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM U1091, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - A Chopard
- UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France
| | - C A Dechesne
- 1] UFR Sciences, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06108, France [2] CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM U1091, F-06108 Nice, France
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Liu ZQ, Liu T, Chen C, Li MY, Wang ZY, Chen RS, Wei GX, Wang XY, Luo DQ. Fumosorinone, a novel PTP1B inhibitor, activates insulin signaling in insulin-resistance HepG2 cells and shows anti-diabetic effect in diabetic KKAy mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:61-70. [PMID: 25796170 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by defects in insulin signaling. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathways, and its increased activity and expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Therefore, the inhibition of PTP1B is anticipated to become a potential therapeutic strategy to treat T2DM. Fumosorinone (FU), a new natural product isolated from insect fungi Isaria fumosorosea, was found to inhibit PTP1B activity in our previous study. Herein, the effects of FU on insulin resistance and mechanism in vitro and in vivo were investigated. FU increased the insulin-provoked glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, and also reduced blood glucose and lipid levels of type 2 diabetic KKAy mice. FU decreased the expression of PTP1B both in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and in liver tissues of diabetic KKAy mice. Furthermore, FU increased the phosphorylation of IRβ, IRS-2, Akt, GSK3β and Erk1/2 in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, as well as the phosphorylation of IRβ, IRS-2, Akt in liver tissues of diabetic KKAy mice. These results showed that FU increased glucose uptake and improved insulin resistance by down-regulating the expression of PTP1B and activating the insulin signaling pathway, suggesting that it may possess antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, key laboratory of pharmaceutical quality control of Hebei province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Chuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Ming-Yan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, key laboratory of pharmaceutical quality control of Hebei province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, key laboratory of pharmaceutical quality control of Hebei province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Ruo-Song Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, key laboratory of pharmaceutical quality control of Hebei province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Gui-Xiang Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, key laboratory of pharmaceutical quality control of Hebei province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, key laboratory of pharmaceutical quality control of Hebei province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Du-Qiang Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
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Krüger J, Brachs S, Trappiel M, Kintscher U, Meyborg H, Wellnhofer E, Thöne-Reineke C, Stawowy P, Östman A, Birkenfeld AL, Böhmer FD, Kappert K. Enhanced insulin signaling in density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) knockout mice. Mol Metab 2015; 4:325-36. [PMID: 25830095 PMCID: PMC4354926 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin resistance can be triggered by enhanced dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor or downstream components in the insulin signaling cascade through protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Downregulating density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) resulted in an improved metabolic status in previous analyses. This phenotype was primarily caused by hepatic DEP-1 reduction. Methods Here we further elucidated the role of DEP-1 in glucose homeostasis by employing a conventional knockout model to explore the specific contribution of DEP-1 in metabolic tissues. Ptprj−/− (DEP-1 deficient) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat or high-fat diet. Metabolic phenotyping was combined with analyses of phosphorylation patterns of insulin signaling components. Additionally, experiments with skeletal muscle cells and muscle tissue were performed to assess the role of DEP-1 for glucose uptake. Results High-fat diet fed-Ptprj−/− mice displayed enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance. Furthermore, leptin levels and blood pressure were reduced in Ptprj−/− mice. DEP-1 deficiency resulted in increased phosphorylation of components of the insulin signaling cascade in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue after insulin challenge. The beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis in vivo was corroborated by increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells in which DEP-1 was downregulated, and in skeletal muscle of Ptprj−/− mice. Conclusion Together, these data establish DEP-1 as novel negative regulator of insulin signaling.
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Key Words
- DEP-1, density-enhanced phosphatase-1
- Density-enhanced phosphatase-1
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- Glucose homeostasis
- HFD, high-fat diet
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin receptor
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Insulin resistance
- Insulin signaling
- KO, knockout
- LFD, low-fat diet
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- Phosphorylation
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Krüger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Trappiel
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR, Institute of Pharmacology, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Meyborg
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst Wellnhofer
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Thöne-Reineke
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR, Department of Experimental Medicine, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Stawowy
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Östman
- Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:03, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank D Böhmer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/CCR, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Desbuquois B, Authier F. [Involvement of the endosomal compartment in cellular insulin signaling]. Biol Aujourdhui 2014; 208:137-150. [PMID: 25190573 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2014016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor and insulin signaling proteins downstream the receptor reside in different subcellular compartments and undergo redistribution within the cell upon insulin activation. Endocytosis of the insulin-receptor complex, by mediating ligand degradation and receptor dephosphorylation, is generally viewed as a mechanism which attenuates or arrests insulin signal transduction. However, several observations suggest that insulin receptor endocytosis and/or recruitement of insulin signaling proteins to endosomes are also involved in a positive regulation of insulin signaling: (1) upon internalization, the insulin receptor remains transiently phosphorylated and activated; (2) in insulin-stimulated cells or tissues, signaling proteins of the PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathways are recruited to endosomes or other intracellular compartments, in which they undergo phosphorylation and/or activation; and (3) depletion or overexpression of proteins involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking and endocytosis interfere with insulin signaling. These observations support a spatial and temporal regulation of insulin signal transduction and reinforce the concept that, as for other membrane signaling receptors, endocytosis and signaling are functionally linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Desbuquois
- Inserm U1016 et CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, et Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - François Authier
- Service Information Scientifique et Technique (IST) de l'Inserm, Délégation Régionale Inserm Paris V, 2 rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
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Gondoin A, Morzyglod L, Desbuquois B, Burnol AF. [Control of insulin signalisation and action by the Grb14 protein]. Biol Aujourdhui 2014; 208:119-36. [PMID: 25190572 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2014013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The action of insulin on metabolism and cell growth is mediated by a specific receptor tyrosine kinase, which, through phosphorylation of several substrates, triggers the activation of two major signaling pathways, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway and the Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Insulin-induced activation of the receptor and downstream signaling is also subjected to a negative feedback control involving several mechanisms, among which the interaction of the insulin receptor and its substrates with inhibitory proteins. After summarizing the major mechanisms underlying the activation and attenuation of insulin signaling, this review focuses on its control by the Grb14 adaptor protein. Grb14 has been identif-ied as an inhibitor of insulin signaling and action, and is involved in insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Studies on the molecular mechanism of action of Grb14 have shown that, through interaction with the activated insulin receptor, Grb14 inhibits its catalytic activity and the activation of downstream signaling. However, the consequences of Grb14 gene invalidation are complex and tissue-specific, and some effects of Grb14 on insulin signaling appear to be linked to its interaction with effector proteins downstream the insulin receptor. Pharmacological inhibition of Grb14 should allow to enhance insulin sensitivity and improve energy homeostasis in insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Gondoin
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - CNRS, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Morzyglod
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - CNRS, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Desbuquois
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - CNRS, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - CNRS, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Lasram MM, Dhouib IB, Annabi A, El Fazaa S, Gharbi N. A review on the molecular mechanisms involved in insulin resistance induced by organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicology 2014; 322:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kitazawa T, Yoshino Y, Suzuki S, Koga I, Ota Y. Lopinavir inhibits insulin signaling by promoting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:851-855. [PMID: 25120613 PMCID: PMC4113574 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with antiretroviral therapy, including protease inhibitors (PIs), may result in metabolic side-effects, for example insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of the dysregulation of insulin signaling by two PIs, lopinavir and darunavir, by analyzing changes in the expression or activity of proteins associated with insulin signaling. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were pretreated with lopinavir or darunavir for 48 h and then stimulated with insulin for 30 min. The cell lysates were subjected to western blotting with anti-phospho-insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1, anti-IRS1, anti-suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, anti-SOCS3 and anti-protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B antibodies and to immunoprecipitation with anti-IRS1 antibody. Translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) following treatment with lopinavir or darunavir was observed using immunofluorescence. While GLUT4 was recruited to the cellular membrane in control adipocytes following insulin stimulation, it was diffusely distributed in the cytosol in lopinavir-treated adipocytes. In darunavir-treated adipocytes, GLUT4 was mainly recruited to the cellular membrane, but some GLUT4 remained in the cytosol. After insulin stimulation, IRS1 was tyrosine-phosphorylated to a greater extent in control adipocytes compared with darunavir-treated adipocytes. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 was inhibited in lopinavir-treated adipocytes. The expression of PTP1B was upregulated in adipocytes pretreated with the PIs, particularly lopinavir, compared with those pretreated with a vehicle control. The degree of regulation in insulin signaling differs between lopinavir and darunavir. One mechanism by which lopinavir regulates insulin signaling is by the promotion of PTP1B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Kitazawa
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshino
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ichiro Koga
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ota
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play essential roles in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, communication, and adhesion. The dysregulated activities of PTPs are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. RECENT ADVANCES Many PTPs have emerged as potential new targets for novel drug discovery. PTP inhibitors have attracted much attention. Many PTP inhibitors have been developed. Some of them have been proven to be efficient in lowering blood glucose levels in vivo or inhibiting tumor xenograft growth. CRITICAL ISSUES Some metal ions and metal complexes potently inhibit PTPs. The metal atoms within metal complexes play an important role in PTP binding, while ligand structures influence the inhibitory potency and selectivity. Some metal complexes can penetrate the cell membrane and selectively bind to their targeting PTPs, enhancing the phosphorylation of the related substrates and influencing cellular metabolism. PTP inhibition is potentially involved in the pathophysiological and toxicological processes of metals and some PTPs may be cellular targets of certain metal-based therapeutic agents. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigating the structural basis of the interactions between metal complexes and PTPs would facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship and accelerate the development of promising metal-based drugs targeting specific PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important enzymes that are involved in the regulation of cellular signaling. Evidence accumulated over the years has indicated that PTPs present exciting opportunities for drug discovery against diseases such as diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and tuberculosis. However, the highly conserved and partially positive charge of the catalytic sites of PTPs is a major challenge in the development of potent and highly selective PTP inhibitors. RECENT ADVANCES Here, we examine the strategy of developing bidentate inhibitors for selective inhibition of PTPs. Bidentate inhibitors are small-molecular-weight compounds with the ability to bind to both the active site and a non-conserved secondary phosphate binding site. This secondary phosphate binding site was initially discovered in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and, hence, most of the bidentate inhibitors reported in this review are PTP1B inhibitors. CRITICAL ISSUES Although bidentate inhibition is a good strategy for developing potent and selective inhibitors, the cell membrane permeability and pharmacokinetic properties of the inhibitors are also important for successful drug development. In this review, we will also summarize the various efforts made toward the development of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) mimetics for increasing cellular permeability. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Even though the secondary phosphate binding site was initially found in PTP1B, structural data have shown that a secondary binding site can also be found in other PTPs, albeit with varying degrees of accessibility. Along with improvements in pTyr mimetics, we believe that the future will see an increase in the number of orally bioavailable bidentate inhibitors against the various classes of PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Leng Low
- 1 Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences , Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Panzhinskiy E, Hua Y, Lapchak PA, Topchiy E, Lehmann TE, Ren J, Nair S. Novel curcumin derivative CNB-001 mitigates obesity-associated insulin resistance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:248-57. [PMID: 24549372 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.208728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is growing at epidemic proportions, and pharmacological interventions are being actively sought. This study examined the effect of a novel neuroprotective curcuminoid, CNB-001 [4-((1E)-2-(5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl-)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazoyl-3-yl)vinyl)-2-methoxy-phenol], on glucose intolerance and insulin signaling in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. C57BL6 mice (5-6 weeks old) were randomly assigned to receive either a HFD (45% fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat) for 24 weeks, together with CNB-001 (40 mg/kg i.p. per day). Glucose tolerance test revealed that the area under the curve of postchallenge glucose concentration was elevated on HF-feeding, which was attenuated by CNB-001. CNB-001 attenuated body weight gain, serum triglycerides, and IL-6, and augmented insulin signaling [elevated phosphoprotein kinase B (p-Akt), and phosphoinsulin receptor (p-IR)β, lowered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)] and glucose uptake in gastrocnemius muscle of HFD-fed mice. Respiratory quotient, measured using a metabolic chamber, was elevated in HFD-fed mice, which was unaltered by CNB-001, although CNB-001 treatment resulted in higher energy expenditure. In cultured myotubes, CNB-001 reversed palmitate-induced impairment of insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Docking studies suggest a potential interaction between CNB-001 and PTP1B. Taken together, CNB-001 alleviates obesity-induced glucose intolerance and represents a potential candidate for further development as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming (E.P., Y.H., J.R., S.N.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California (P.A.L.); and Chemistry Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming (E.T., T.E.L.)
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Effects of C-glycosylation on anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease and anti-inflammatory potential of apigenin. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 64:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The liver is a vital organ responsible for maintaining nutrient homeostasis. After a meal, insulin stimulates glycogen and lipid synthesis in the liver; in the fasted state, glucagon induces gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis, which produce glucose and ketone bodies for other tissues to use as energy sources. These metabolic changes involve spatiotemporally co-ordinated signaling cascades. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification has been recognized as a nutrient sensor and regulatory molecular switch. This review highlights mechanistic insights into spatiotemporal regulation of liver metabolism by O-GlcNAc modification and discusses its pathophysiological implications in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruonan Yin
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyong Yang, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 329C, New Haven, CT 06519, USA e-mail:
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Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of the leptin and insulin signaling pathways. The important roles of PTP1B related to obesity and diabetes were confirmed by a deletion of PTP1B gene in mice. Mice with the whole body deletion of PTP1B were protected against the development of obesity and diabetes. When PTP1B gene was deleted selectively in the brain of mice, the major effects on weight and glucose control were consistent with the whole body deletion of PTP1B. This is in contrast to the muscle-, liver-, and adipocyte-specific deletion, which had no beneficial effects on obesity. While these results indicate the importance of neuronal PTP1B in maintaining energy homeostasis, the peripheral PTP1B is also being investigated for their potential roles in the control of energy balance. Validation of PTP1B as a therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes prompted efforts to develop potent and selective inhibitors of PTP1B. Among the small molecule inhibitors investigated, trodusquemine, which acts both centrally and peripherally, is currently in phase 2 clinical trials. An approach using PTP1B-directed antisense oligonucleotides is also in phase 2 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
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Krüger J, Trappiel M, Dagnell M, Stawowy P, Meyborg H, Böhm C, Bhanot S, Ostman A, Kintscher U, Kappert K. Targeting density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) with antisense oligonucleotides improves the metabolic phenotype in high-fat diet-fed mice. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:49. [PMID: 23889985 PMCID: PMC3734182 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin signaling is tightly controlled by tyrosine dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor through protein-tyrosine-phosphatases (PTPs). DEP-1 is a PTP dephosphorylating tyrosine residues in a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases. Here, we analyzed whether DEP-1 activity is differentially regulated in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue under high-fat diet (HFD), examined the role of DEP-1 in insulin resistance in vivo, and its function in insulin signaling. Results Mice were fed an HFD for 10 weeks to induce obesity-associated insulin resistance. Thereafter, HFD mice were subjected to systemic administration of specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), highly accumulating in hepatic tissue, against DEP-1 or control ASOs. Targeting DEP-1 led to improvement of insulin sensitivity, reduced basal glucose level, and significant reduction of body weight. This was accompanied by lower insulin and leptin serum levels. Suppression of DEP-1 in vivo also induced hyperphosphorylation in the insulin signaling cascade of the liver. Moreover, DEP-1 physically associated with the insulin receptor in situ, and recombinant DEP-1 dephosphorylated the insulin receptor in vitro. Conclusions These results indicate that DEP-1 acts as an endogenous antagonist of the insulin receptor, and downregulation of DEP-1 results in an improvement of insulin sensitivity. DEP-1 may therefore represent a novel target for attenuation of metabolic diseases.
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Panzhinskiy E, Hua Y, Culver B, Ren J, Nair S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress upregulates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and impairs glucose uptake in cultured myotubes. Diabetologia 2013; 56. [PMID: 23178931 PMCID: PMC3568946 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been recognised as a common pathway in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of insulin signalling and is localised on the ER membrane. The aim of the study was to investigate the cross-talk between ER stress and PTP1B. METHODS Leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob), Ptp1b (also known as Ptpn1) knockout and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a high-fat or normal-chow diet for 20 weeks. ER stress was induced in cultured myotubes by treatment with tunicamycin. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to assess proteins involved in the ER stress response. Myotube glucose uptake was determined by measuring 2-deoxy[(3)H]glucose incorporation. RESULTS A high-fat diet induced ER stress and PTP1B expression in the muscle tissue of mice and these responses were attenuated by treatment with the ER chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Cultured myotubes exhibited increased levels of PTP1B in response to tunicamycin treatment. Silencing of Ptp1b with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or overexpression of Ptp1b with adenovirus construct failed to alter the levels of ER stress. Ptp1b knockout mice did not differ from the wild-type mice in the extent of tunicamycin-induced upregulation of glucose-regulated protein-78. However, tunicamycin-induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase-2 were significantly attenuated in the Ptp1b knockout mice. Treatment with TUDCA or silencing of PTP1B reversed tunicamycin-induced blunted myotube glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that PTP1B is activated by ER stress and is required for full-range activation of ER stress pathways in mediating insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Panzhinskiy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Y. Hua
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - B. Culver
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - J. Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - S. Nair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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