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Nishida R, Nukaga S, Kawahara I, Miyagawa Y, Goto K, Nakashima C, Luo Y, Sasaki T, Fujii K, Ohmori H, Ogata R, Mori S, Fujiwara-Tani R, Kuniyasu H. Differential Effects of Three Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Mitochondrial Quality Control and Skeletal Muscle Maturation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:821. [PMID: 39061890 PMCID: PMC11273902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions are one focus of sarcopenia treatment. As medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are oxidized in the mitochondria and produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), they are key parts of nutritional interventions. We investigated the in vitro effects of three types of MCFA, caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), and lauric acid (C12), in skeletal muscle cells. Compared with C10 and C12, C8 promoted mitophagy through the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1-Parkin pathway and increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α and dynamin-related protein 1 to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and promote OXPHOS. Furthermore, the expression of myogenic differentiation 1 and myosin heavy chain increased in myotubes, thus promoting muscle differentiation and maturation. These results suggest that C8 improves mitochondrial quality and promotes skeletal muscle maturation; in contrast, C10 and C12 poorly promoted mitochondrial quality control and oxidative stress and suppressed energy production. Future animal experiments are required to establish the usefulness of C8 for nutritional interventions for sarcopenia.
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Grants
- 23K16547 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K17655 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 19K16564 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K06926 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K11423 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (R.N.); (S.N.); (I.K.); (Y.M.); (K.G.); (C.N.); (Y.L.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (H.O.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.)
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2
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Williams MJ, Halabi CM, Patel HM, Joseph Z, McCommis K, Weinheimer C, Kovacs A, Lima F, Finck B, Malluche H, Hruska KA. In chronic kidney disease altered cardiac metabolism precedes cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F751-F767. [PMID: 38385175 PMCID: PMC11386984 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00416.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Conduit arterial disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of cardiac complications. Cardiac function in CKD has not been studied in the absence of arterial disease. In an Alport syndrome model bred not to have conduit arterial disease, mice at 225 days of life (dol) had CKD equivalent to humans with CKD stage 4-5. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and FGF23 levels were one log order elevated, circulating sclerostin was elevated, and renal activin A was strongly induced. Aortic Ca levels were not increased, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transdifferentiation was absent. The CKD mice were not hypertensive, and cardiac hypertrophy was absent. Freshly excised cardiac tissue respirometry (Oroboros) showed that ADP-stimulated O2 flux was diminished from 52 to 22 pmol/mg (P = 0.022). RNA-Seq of cardiac tissue from CKD mice revealed significantly decreased levels of cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes. To examine the effect of activin A signaling, some Alport mice were treated with a monoclonal Ab to activin A or an isotype-matched IgG beginning at 75 days of life until euthanasia. Treatment with the activin A antibody (Ab) did not affect cardiac oxidative phosphorylation. However, the activin A antibody was active in the skeleton, disrupting the effect of CKD to stimulate osteoclast number, eroded surfaces, and the stimulation of osteoclast-driven remodeling. The data reported here show that cardiac mitochondrial respiration is impaired in CKD in the absence of conduit arterial disease. This is the first report of the direct effect of CKD on cardiac respiration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart disease is an important morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypertension, vascular stiffness, and vascular calcification all contribute to cardiac pathophysiology. However, cardiac function in CKD devoid of vascular disease has not been studied. Here, in an animal model of human CKD without conduit arterial disease, we analyze cardiac respiration and discover that CKD directly impairs cardiac mitochondrial function by decreasing oxidative phosphorylation. Protection of cardiac oxidative phosphorylation may be a therapeutic target in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Williams
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hiral M Patel
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Zachary Joseph
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kyle McCommis
- Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carla Weinheimer
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Florence Lima
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Brian Finck
- Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hartmut Malluche
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Keith A Hruska
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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3
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García-Roche M, Talmón D, Cañibe G, Astessiano AL, Mendoza A, Cassina A, Quijano C, Carriquiry M. Hepatic metabolism of grazing cows of two Holstein strains under two feeding strategies with different levels of pasture inclusion. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290551. [PMID: 37883506 PMCID: PMC10602316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to characterize adaptations of hepatic metabolism of dairy cows of two Holstein strains with varying proportions of grazing in the feeding strategy. Multiparous autumn calving Holstein cows of New Zealand (NZH) and North American (NAH) strains were assigned to a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two feeding strategies that varied in the proportions of pasture and supplementation: maximum pasture and supplementation with a pelleted concentrate (MaxP) or fixed pasture and supplementation with a total mixed ration (FixP) from May through November of 2018. Hepatic biopsies were taken at - 45 ± 17, 21 ± 7, 100 ± 23 and 180 ± 23 days in milk (DIM), representing prepartum, early lactation, early mid-lactation and late mid-lactation. The effects of DIM, feeding strategy (FS), strain and their interactions were analyzed with mixed models using repeated measures. Cows of both strains had similar triglyceride levels, mitochondrial function and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in liver during lactation. However, there was an effect of DIM and FS as liver triglyceride was higher for the MaxP strategy at 21 DIM and both mitochondrial function and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in liver were lower for the MaxP strategy at 21 DIM. Hepatic mitochondrial function and acetylation levels were affected by the interaction between strain and feeding strategy as both variables were higher for NAH cows in the MaxP strategy. Mid-lactation hepatic gene expression of enzymes related to fatty acid metabolism and nuclear receptors was higher for NZH than NAH cows. This work confirms the association between liver triglyceride, decreased hepatic mitochondrial function and greater mitochondrial acetylation levels in cows with a higher inclusion of pasture and suggests differential adaptative mechanisms between NAH and NZH cows to strategies with varying proportions of grazing in the feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes García-Roche
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Talmón
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Cañibe
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Laura Astessiano
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Programa Nacional de Producción de Leche, Ruta, Semillero, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Celia Quijano
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Carriquiry
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Fleischman JY, Van den Bergh F, Collins NL, Bowers M, Beard DA, Burant CF. Higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity is the primary molecular differentiator in muscle of rats with high and low intrinsic cardiorespiratory fitness. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101793. [PMID: 37625738 PMCID: PMC10480665 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is tightly linked with health and longevity and is implicated in metabolic flexibility and substrate metabolism. The high capacity runner (HCR) and low capacity runner (LCR) rat lines are a genetically heterogeneous rat model selected and bred for CRF that reflect CRF in humans by exhibiting differences in nutrient handling. This study aims to differentiate the intrinsic substrate preference of the HCR compared to LCR rats to better understand the intersection of mitochondrial respiration and intrinsic CRF. METHODS We performed bulk skeletal muscle RNA-Sequencing on male and female HCR and LCR rats and assessed the effect of rat line on mitochondrial gene expression pathways using the MitoCarta3.0 database. In a separate cohort of rats, mitochondria were isolated from skeletal and cardiac muscle and maximal oxidation rates were measured using an Oroboros O2k when provided either pyruvate or fatty acid substrates. RESULTS The expression of mitochondrial genes are significantly upregulated in HCR skeletal muscle in both male and female rats. In respirometry experiments, fatty acid oxidative capacities were greater in HCR compared to LCR, and male compared to female rats, as a function of both mitochondrial quality and mitochondrial density. This effect was greater in the skeletal muscle than in the heart. Pyruvate oxidation did not differ significantly between lines. CONCLUSIONS The capacity for increased fatty acid oxidation in the HCR rat is a result of selection for running capacity and is likely a key contributor to the healthy metabolic phenotype of individuals with high CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Y Fleischman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Nicole L Collins
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Madelyn Bowers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Diao H, Gu H, Chen QM. Hyperkalemic or Low Potassium Cardioplegia Protects against Reduction of Energy Metabolism by Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:452. [PMID: 36830011 PMCID: PMC9952220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-heart surgery is often an unavoidable option for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and prevention of cardiomyopathy. Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery requires manipulating cardiac contractile function via the perfusion of a cardioplegic solution. Procedure-associated ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, a major source of oxidative stress, affects postoperative cardiac performance and long-term outcomes. Using large-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics, we addressed whether cardioplegic solutions affect the baseline cellular metabolism and prevent metabolic reprogramming by oxidative stress. AC16 cardiomyocytes in culture were treated with commonly used cardioplegic solutions, High K+ (HK), Low K+ (LK), Del Nido (DN), histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK), or Celsior (CS). The overall metabolic profile shown by the principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap revealed that HK or LK had a minimal impact on the baseline 78 metabolites, whereas HTK or CS significantly repressed the levels of multiple amino acids and sugars. H2O2-induced sublethal mild oxidative stress causes decreases in NAD, nicotinamide, or acetylcarnitine, but increases in glucose derivatives, including glucose 6-P, glucose 1-P, fructose, mannose, and mannose 6-P. Additional increases include metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway, D-ribose-5-P, L-arabitol, adonitol, and xylitol. Pretreatment with HK or LK cardioplegic solution prevented most metabolic changes and increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) elicited by H2O2. Our data indicate that HK and LK cardioplegic solutions preserve baseline metabolism and protect against metabolic reprogramming by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Diao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Qin M. Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Diaz EC, Adams SH, Weber JL, Cotter M, Børsheim E. Elevated LDL-C, high blood pressure, and low peak V ˙ O 2 associate with platelet mitochondria function in children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1136975. [PMID: 37033448 PMCID: PMC10073692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1136975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association of platelet (PL) mitochondria respiration with markers of cardiovascular health in children ages 7-10 years. Methods: PL mitochondrial respiration (n = 91) was assessed by high resolution respirometry (HRR): Routine (R) respiration, complex (C) I linked respiration (CI), and maximal uncoupled electron transport capacity of CII (CIIE) were measured. The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was calculated as the ratio of maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of CI and CI leak respiration (PCI/LCI). Peak V ˙ O2 (incremental bike test) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. Multiple generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the association of measures by HRR with variables of interest: adiposity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) status (normal vs. elevated) HOMA2-IR, blood pressure status (normal vs. high), and demographics. Results: R and CI-linked respiration positively associated with adiposity, high blood pressure (HBP), and peak V ˙ O2. R and CI-linked respiration had inverse association with age and elevated LDL-C. CIIE was higher in children with elevated LDL-C (log-β = -0.54, p = 0.010). HBP and peak V ˙ O2 interacted in relation to RCR (log-β = -0.01, p = 0.028). Specifically, RCR was lowest among children with HBP and low aerobic capacity (i.e., mean peak V ˙ O2 -1SD). HOMA2-IR did not associate with measures of PL mitochondria respiration. Conclusion: In PL, R and CI-linked mitochondrial respiration directly associate with adiposity, peak V ˙ O2 and HBP. Elevated LDL-C associates with lower CI-linked respiration which is compensated by increasing CII respiration. PL bioenergetics phenotypes in children associate with whole-body metabolic health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Diaz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Eva C. Diaz,
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, and Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Judith L. Weber
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Long-Chain and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Energy Metabolism of Murine Kidney Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010379. [PMID: 36613826 PMCID: PMC9820327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have long established that fatty acids are the primary substrates for kidney mitochondria. However, to date we still do not know how long-chain and middle-chain fatty acids are oxidized at the mitochondrial level. Our previous research has shown that mitochondria from the heart, brain, and kidney oxidize palmitoylcarnitine at a high rate only in the presence of succinate, glutamate, or pyruvate. In this paper, we report properties of the isolated kidney mitochondria and how malate and succinate affect the oxidation of C16 and C8 acylcarnitines. The isolated kidney mitochondria contain very few endogenous substrates and require malate to oxidize pyruvate, glutamate, and C16 or C8 acylcarnitines. We discovered that with 10 µM of C16 or C8 acylcarnitines, low concentrations of malate (0.2 mM) or succinate (0.5 mM) enhance the States 4 and 3 respiratory rates several times. The highest respiration rates were observed with C16 or C8 acylcarnitines and 5 mM succinate mixtures. Results show that kidney mitochondria, unlike the heart and brain mitochondria, lack the intrinsic inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Additionally, results show that the oxidation of fatty acid by the small respirasome's supercomplex generates a high level of CoQH2, and this makes SDH in the presence of succinate reverse the flow of electrons from CoQH2 to reduce fumarate to succinate. Finally, we report evidence that succinate dehydrogenase is a key mitochondrial enzyme that allows fast oxidation of fatty acids and turns the TCA cycle function from the catabolic to the anabolic and anaplerotic metabolic pathways.
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Legaki AI, Moustakas II, Sikorska M, Papadopoulos G, Velliou RI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Obesity-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:126-143. [PMID: 35501558 PMCID: PMC9399061 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a considerable number of disorders, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify their formation through biogenesis and the opposite processes of fission and fusion, the fragmentation, and connection of mitochondrial network areas respectively. Herein, we review and discuss the current literature on the significance of mitochondrial adaptations in obesity and metabolic dysregulation, emphasizing on the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial flexibility in obesity and NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics dysregulations to the emergence of NAFLD and its progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Most relevant data suggests that changes in liver mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics hold a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. During obesity and NAFLD, oxidative stress occurs due to the excessive production of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondria become incompetent and uncoupled from respiratory chain activities, further promoting hepatic fat accumulation, while leading to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and disease's deterioration. Elucidation of the mechanisms leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial activity of the hepatocytes during NAFLD is of predominant importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalina Sikorska
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Kurchaba N, Charette JM, LeMoine CMR. Metabolic consequences of PGC-1α dysregulation in adult zebrafish muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R319-R330. [PMID: 35670765 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00188.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is central to the regulation of cellular and mitochondrial energy homeostasis in mammals, but its role in other vertebrates remains unclear. Indeed, previous work suggests extensive structural and functional divergence of PGC-1α in teleosts but this remains to be directly tested. Here, we describe the initial characterization of heterozygous PGC-1α mutant zebrafish lines created by CRISPR-Cas9 disruptions of an evolutionarily conserved regulatory region of the PGC-1α proximal promoter. Using qPCR, we confirmed the disruption of PGC-1α gene expression in striated muscle, leading to a simultaneous 4-fold increase in mixed skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA levels and an opposite 4-fold downregulation in cardiac muscle. In mixed skeletal muscle, most downstream effector genes were largely unaffected yet two mitochondrial lipid transporters, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2, were strongly induced. Conversely, PGC-1α depression in cardiac muscle reduced the expression of several transcriptional regulators (estrogen related receptor alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and PGC-1β) without altering metabolic gene expression. Using high resolution respirometry, we determined that white muscle exhibited increased lipid oxidative capacity with little difference in markers of mitochondrial abundance. Finally, using whole animal intermittent respirometry, we show that mutant fish exhibit a 2-fold higher basal metabolism than their wildtype counterparts. Altogether, this new model confirms a central but complex role for PGC-1α in mediating energy utilization in zebrafish and we propose its use as a valuable tool to explore the intricate regulatory pathways of energy homeostasis in a popular biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Michael Charette
- Department of Chemistry, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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10
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Okoye CN, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Factors affecting liver mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 259:110713. [PMID: 35026417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contain at least 12 known sites on multiple enzymes that convert molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Quantitation of site-specific ROS emission is critical to understand the relative contribution of different sites and the pathophysiologic importance of mitochondrial ROS. However, factors that affect mitochondrial ROS emission are not well understood. We characterized and optimized conditions for maximal total and site-specific H2O2 emission during oxidation of standard substrates and probed the source of the high H2O2 emission in unenergized rainbow trout liver mitochondria. We found that mitochondrial H2O2 emission capacity depended on the substrate being oxidized, mitochondrial protein concentration, and composition of the ROS detection system. Contrary to our expectation, addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase reduced H2O2 emission. Titration of conventional mitochondrial electron transfer system (ETS) inhibitors over a range of conditions revealed that one size does not fit all; inhibitor concentrations evoking maximal responses varied with substrate and were moderated by the presence of other inhibitors. Moreover, the efficacy of suppressors of electron leak (S1QEL1.1 and S3QEL2) was low and depended on the substrate being oxidized. We found that H2O2 emission in unenergized rainbow trout liver mitochondria was suppressed by GKT136901 suggesting that it is associated with NADPH oxidase activity. We conclude that optimization of assay conditions is critical for quantitation of maximal H2O2 emission and would facilitate more valid comparisons of mitochondrial total and site-specific H2O2 emission capacities between studies, tissues, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Tsilingiris D, Tzeravini E, Koliaki C, Dalamaga M, Kokkinos A. The Role of Mitochondrial Adaptation and Metabolic Flexibility in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Insulin Resistance: an Updated Overview. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:191-213. [PMID: 33840072 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The term "metabolic flexibility" denotes the dynamic responses of the cellular oxidative machinery in order to adapt to changes in energy substrate availability. A progressive loss of this adaptive capacity has been implicated in the development of obesity-related comorbidities. Mitochondria are dynamic intracellular organelles which play a fundamental role in energy metabolism, and the mitochondrial adaptation to environmental challenges may be viewed as the functional component of metabolic flexibility. Herein, we attempt to comprehensively review the available evidence regarding the role of mitochondrial adaptation and metabolic flexibility in the pathogenesis of obesity and related morbidities, namely insulin resistance states and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RECENT FINDINGS Overall, there is a concrete body of evidence to support the presence of impaired mitochondrial adaptation as a principal component of systemic metabolic inflexibility in conditions related to obesity. There are still many unresolved questions regarding the relationship between the gradual loss of mitochondrial adaptability and the progression of obesity-related complications, such as causality issues, the timely appearance and reversibility of the described disturbances, and the generalizability of the findings to the mitochondrial content of every affected tissue or organ. The evidence regarding the causality between the observed associations remains inconclusive, although most of the available data points towards a bidirectional, potentially mutually amplifying relationship. The spectrum of NAFLD is of particular interest, since functional and pathological changes in the course of its development closely mirror the progression of dysmetabolism, if not constituting a dynamic component of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Evangelia Tzeravini
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Tardo-Dino PE, Taverny C, Siracusa J, Bourdon S, Baugé S, Koulmann N, Malgoyre A. Effect of heat acclimation on metabolic adaptations induced by endurance training in soleus rat muscle. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14686. [PMID: 34405575 PMCID: PMC8371354 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic training leads to well‐known systemic metabolic and muscular alterations. Heat acclimation may also increase mitochondrial muscle mass. We studied the effects of heat acclimation combined with endurance training on metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle. Thirty‐two rats were divided into four groups: control (C), trained (T), heat‐acclimated (H), and trained with heat acclimation (H+T) for 6 weeks. Soleus muscle metabolism was studied, notably by the in situ measurement of mitochondrial respiration with pyruvate (Pyr) or palmitoyl‐coenzyme A (PCoA), under phosphorylating conditions (V˙max) or not (V˙0). Aerobic performance increased, and retroperitoneal fat mass decreased with training, independently of heat exposure (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Citrate synthase and hydroxyl‐acyl‐dehydrogenase activity increased with endurance training (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), without any effect of heat acclimation. Training induced an increase of the V˙0 and V˙max for PCoA (p < .001 and p < .01, respectively), without interference with heat acclimation. The training‐induced increase of V˙0 (p < 0.01) for pyruvate oxidation was limited when combined with heat acclimation (−23%, p < 0.01). Training and heat acclimation independently increased the V˙max for pyruvate (+60% p < 0.001 and +50% p = 0.01, respectively), without an additive effect of the combination. Heat acclimation doubled the training effect on muscle glycogen storage (p < 0.001). Heat acclimation did not improve mitochondrial adaptations induced by endurance training in the soleus muscle, possibly limiting the alteration of carbohydrate oxidation while not facilitating fatty‐acid utilization. Furthermore, the increase in glycogen storage observed after HA combined with endurance training, without the improvement of pyruvate oxidation, appears to be a hypoxic metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Cindy Taverny
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Stéphanie Bourdon
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Stéphane Baugé
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
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13
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Prieto-Carrasco R, Silva-Palacios A, Rojas-Morales P, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Medina-Reyes EI, Hernández-Cruz EY, Sánchez-Garibay C, Salinas-Lara C, Pavón N, Roldán FJ, Zazueta C, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction for 28 Days in Rats Is Not Associated with Changes in Cardiac Function or Alterations in Mitochondrial Function. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:671. [PMID: 34356526 PMCID: PMC8301354 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our work evaluated cardiac function and mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters in hearts from male Wistar rats subjected to the UUO model during 28 days of progression. We measured markers of kidney damage and inflammation in plasma and renal fibrosis by histological analysis and Western blot. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and proteins involved in cardiac damage by Western blot. Oxygen consumption and transmembrane potential were monitored in cardiac mitochondria using high-resolution respirometry. We also determined the activity of ATP synthase and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase. Our results show that, although renal dysfunction is established in animals subjected to ureteral obstruction, cardiac function is maintained along with mitochondrial function and antioxidant enzymes activity after 28 days of injury evolution. Our results suggest that renocardiac syndrome might develop but belatedly in obstruction-induced renal damage, opening the opportunity for treatment to prevent this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prieto-Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (P.R.-M.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.I.M.-R.); (E.Y.H.-C.)
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (P.R.-M.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.I.M.-R.); (E.Y.H.-C.)
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (P.R.-M.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.I.M.-R.); (E.Y.H.-C.)
| | - Estefany Ingrid Medina-Reyes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (P.R.-M.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.I.M.-R.); (E.Y.H.-C.)
| | - Estefani Yaquelin Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (P.R.-M.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.I.M.-R.); (E.Y.H.-C.)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.S.-G.); (C.S.-L.)
| | - Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.S.-G.); (C.S.-L.)
| | - Natalia Pavón
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Javier Roldán
- Department of External Consultation, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.P.-C.); (P.R.-M.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.I.M.-R.); (E.Y.H.-C.)
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14
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Very long chain fatty acid metabolism is required in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2021; 137:3518-3532. [PMID: 33720355 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have an atypical metabolic phenotype characterized by increased mitochondrial mass, as well as a greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for survival. To exploit this altered metabolism, we assessed publicly available databases to identify FAO enzyme overexpression. Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD; ACADVL) was found to be overexpressed and critical to leukemia cell mitochondrial metabolism. Genetic attenuation or pharmacological inhibition of VLCAD hindered mitochondrial respiration and FAO contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in decreased viability, proliferation, clonogenic growth, and AML cell engraftment. Suppression of FAO at VLCAD triggered an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity that was insufficient to increase glycolysis but resulted in adenosine triphosphate depletion and AML cell death, with no effect on normal hematopoietic cells. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of VLCAD in AML cell biology and highlight a novel metabolic vulnerability for this devastating disease.
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15
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Perks KL, Ferreira N, Ermer JA, Rudler DL, Richman TR, Rossetti G, Matthews VB, Ward NC, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Reduced mitochondrial translation prevents diet-induced metabolic dysfunction but not inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19677-19700. [PMID: 33024056 PMCID: PMC7732297 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of dysregulated mitochondrial gene expression and consequent imbalance in biogenesis is not well understood in metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity. The ribosomal RNA maturation protein PTCD1 is essential for mitochondrial protein synthesis and its reduction causes adult-onset obesity and liver steatosis. We used haploinsufficient Ptcd1 mice fed normal or high fat diets to understand how changes in mitochondrial biogenesis can lead to metabolic dysfunction. We show that Akt-stimulated reduction in lipid content and upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis effectively protected mice with reduced mitochondrial protein synthesis from excessive weight gain on a high fat diet, resulting in improved glucose and insulin tolerance and reduced lipid accumulation in the liver. However, inflammation of the white adipose tissue and early signs of fibrosis in skeletal muscle, as a consequence of reduced protein synthesis, were exacerbated with the high fat diet. We identify that reduced mitochondrial protein synthesis and OXPHOS biogenesis can be recovered in a tissue-specific manner via Akt-mediated increase in insulin sensitivity and transcriptional activation of the mitochondrial stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Perks
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola Ferreira
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Judith A. Ermer
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danielle L. Rudler
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tara R. Richman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vance B. Matthews
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie C. Ward
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,School of Public Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Rojas-Morales P, Avila-Rojas SH, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Prieto-Carrasco R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Temporal Alterations in Mitochondrial β-Oxidation and Oxidative Stress Aggravate Chronic Kidney Disease Development in 5/6 Nephrectomy Induced Renal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186512. [PMID: 32899919 PMCID: PMC7555424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-sixths nephrectomy (5/6Nx) model is widely used for studying the mechanisms involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, a kidney pathology that has increased dramatically in recent years. Mitochondrial impairment is a key mechanism that aggravates CKD progression; however, the information on mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox alterations along a time course in a 5/6Nx model is still limited and in some cases contradictory. Therefore, we performed for the first time a time-course study of mitochondrial alterations by high-resolution respirometry in the 5/6Nx model. Our results show a decrease in mitochondrial β-oxidation at early times, as well as a permanent impairment in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in CI-linked respiration, a permanent oxidative state in mitochondria and decoupling of these organelles. These pathological alterations are linked to the early decrease in complex I and ATP synthase activities and to the further decrease in complex III activity. Therefore, our results may suggest that mitochondrial bioenergetics impairment is an early event in renal damage, whose persistence in time aggravates CKD development in the 5/6Nx model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Sabino Hazael Avila-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14000, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Alexis Paulina Jiménez-Uribe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Rodrigo Prieto-Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.H.A.-R.); (A.P.J.-U.); (R.P.-C.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (P.R.-M.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Zheng F, Zhou YT, Li PF, Hu E, Li T, Tang T, Luo JK, Zhang W, Ding CS, Wang Y. Metabolomics Analysis of Hippocampus and Cortex in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Subacute Phase. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:876. [PMID: 33013291 PMCID: PMC7499474 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and serious disease as its multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms remain vague. The molecular changes of hippocampal and cortical dysfunction in the process of TBI are poorly understood, especially their chronic effects on metabolic profiles. Here we utilize metabolomics-based liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry coupled with bioinformatics method to assess the perturbation of brain metabolism in rat hippocampus and cortex on day 7. The results revealed a signature panel which consisted of 13 identified metabolites to facilitate targeted interventions for subacute TBI discrimination. Purine metabolism change in cortical tissue and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism change in hippocampal tissue were detected. Furthermore, the associations between the metabolite markers and the perturbed pathways were analyzed based on databases: 64 enzyme and one pathway were evolved in TBI. The findings represented significant profiling changes and provided unique metabolite-protein information in a rat model of TBI following the subacute phase. This study may inspire scientists and doctors to further their studies and provide potential therapy targets for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Tao Zhou
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En Hu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie-Kun Luo
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Song Ding
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Briones-Herrera A, Ramírez-Camacho I, Zazueta C, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Altered proximal tubule fatty acid utilization, mitophagy, fission and supercomplexes arrangement in experimental Fanconi syndrome are ameliorated by sulforaphane-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:54-70. [PMID: 32315768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The kidney proximal tubule function relies on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thus mitochondrial dysfunction is characteristic of acute kidney injury (AKI). Maleic acid (MA) can induce an experimental model of Fanconi syndrome that is associated to oxidative stress and decreased oxygen consumption. Sulforaphane (SF) is an antioxidant known to protect against MA-induced AKI. The molecular basis by which SF maintains the bioenergetics in MA-induced AKI is not fully understood. To achieve it, rats were submitted to a protective scheme: SF (1 mg/kg/day i.p.) for four days and, at the fourth day, they received a single dose of MA (400 mg/kg i.p.), getting four main experimental groups: (1) control (CT), (2) MA-nephropathy (MA), (3) SF-protected and (4) SF-control (SF). Additionally, a similar protective schema was tested in cultured NRK-52E cells with different concentrations of SF and MA. In the animal model, SF prevented the MA-induced alterations: decrease in fatty acid-related oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψmt), and the activity of complex I (CI) as its monomeric and supercomplexes forms; the antioxidant also increased the activity of cytochrome c oxidase as well as mitochondrial biogenesis markers. Thus, SF prevented the MA-induced increase in fission, mitophagy and autophagy markers. In NRK-52E cells, we found that SF prevented the MA-induced cell death, increased mitochondrial mass and ameliorated the loss of Ψmt. We concluded that SF-induced biogenesis protects against mitochondrial dysfunction maintaining Ψmt, activities of mitochondrial complexes and supercomplexes, and prevents the extensive fission and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ixchel Ramírez-Camacho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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19
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Gonzalez-Armenta JL, Gao Z, Appt SE, Vitolins MZ, Michalson KT, Register TC, Shively CA, Molina AJA. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration Is Elevated in Female Cynomolgus Macaques Fed a Western Compared with a Mediterranean Diet. J Nutr 2019; 149:1493-1502. [PMID: 31112997 PMCID: PMC6736071 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western diets are associated with increased incidences of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, whereas Mediterranean diets, richer in polyphenols, monounsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, poultry, and fish, appear to have cardiometabolic health benefits. Previous work has included population-based studies with limited evidence for causation or animal studies focused on single macro- or micronutrients; therefore, primate animal models provide an opportunity to determine potential mechanisms underlying the effects of dietary patterns on health and disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of whole dietary patterns, either a Western or Mediterranean diet, on skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in cynomolgus macaques. METHODS In this study, 22 adult female cynomolgus macaques (∼11-14 y by dentition) were fed either a Western or Mediterranean diet for 30 mo. The Western diet was designed to mimic the diet of a middle-aged American woman and the Mediterranean diet included key aspects of Mediterranean diets studied in humans, such as plant-based proteins and fat, complex carbohydrates, and fiber. Diets were matched on macronutrient composition (16% protein, 54% carbohydrate, and 31% fat) and cholesterol content. Skeletal muscle was collected for high-resolution respirometry, citrate synthase activity, and western blot measurements. Pearson correlation analysis between respirometry measures and measures of carbohydrate metabolism was also performed. RESULTS We found that consumption of a Western diet resulted in significantly higher mitochondrial respiration with fatty acid oxidation (FAO) (53%), FAO + complex I (52%), complex I + II (31%), max electron transport system (ETS) (31%), and ETS rotenone sensitive (31%) than did consumption of a Mediterranean diet. In addition, measures of respiration in response to fatty acids were significantly and positively correlated with both insulin resistance and plasma insulin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of dietary composition in mitochondrial bioenergetics and that diet can influence skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration independently of other factors such as macronutrient composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Gonzalez-Armenta
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Susan E Appt
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Thomas C Register
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC,Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Carol A Shively
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC,Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA,Address correspondence to AJAM (e-mail: )
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Tardo-Dino PE, Touron J, Baugé S, Bourdon S, Koulmann N, Malgoyre A. The effect of a physiological increase in temperature on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in rat myofibers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:312-319. [PMID: 31161881 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00652.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of temperature increase on mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) and carbohydrate oxidation in the slow-oxidative skeletal muscles (soleus) of rats. We measured mitochondrial respiration at 35°C and 40°C with the physiological substrates pyruvate + 4 mM malate (Pyr) and palmitoyl-CoA (PCoA) + 0.5 mM malate + 2 mM carnitine in permeabilized myofibers under nonphosphorylating (V˙0) or phosphorylating (V˙max) conditions. Mitochondrial efficiency was calculated by the respiratory control ratio (RCR = V˙max/V˙0). We used guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an inhibitor of uncoupling protein (UCP), to study the mechanisms responsible for alterations of mitochondrial efficiency. We measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production under nonphosphorylating and phosphorylating conditions at both temperatures and substrates. We studied citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyl acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (3-HAD) activities at both temperatures. Elevating the temperature from 35°C to 40°C increased PCoA-V˙0 and decreased PCoA-RCR, corresponding to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). GTP blocked the heat-induced increase of PCoA-V˙0. Rising temperature moved toward a Pyr-V˙0 increase, without significance. Heat did not alter H2O2 production, resulting from either PCoA or Pyr oxidation. Heat induced an increase in 3-HAD but not in CS activities. In conclusion, heat induced OXPHOS uncoupling for PCoA oxidation, which was at least partially mediated by UCP and independent of oxidative stress. The classically described heat-induced glucose shift may actually be mostly due to a less efficient FA oxidation. These findings raise questions concerning the consequences of heat-induced alterations in mitochondrial efficiency of FA metabolism on thermoregulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ex vivo exposure of skeletal myofibers to heat uncouples substrate oxidation from ADP phosphorylation, decreasing the efficiency of mitochondria to produce ATP. This heat effect alters fatty acids (FAs) more than carbohydrate oxidation. Alteration of FA oxidation involves uncoupling proteins without inducing oxidative stress. This alteration in lipid metabolism may underlie the preferential use of carbohydrates in the heat and could decrease aerobic endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julianne Touron
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Stéphane Baugé
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Stéphanie Bourdon
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
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The Metabolomic Signatures of Weight Change. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9040067. [PMID: 30987392 PMCID: PMC6523676 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major health concern, not just in the West but increasingly in low and middle income countries. In order to develop successful strategies for losing weight, it is essential to understand the molecular pathogenesis of weight change. A number of pathways, implicating oxidative stress but also the fundamental regulatory of insulin, have been implicated in weight gain and in the regulation of energy expenditure. In addition, a considerable body of work has highlighted the role of metabolites generated by the gut microbiome, in particular short chain fatty acids, in both processes. The current review provides a brief understanding of the mechanisms underlying the associations of weight change with changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, dietary composition and insulin dynamics, as well as the influence of the gut microbiome. The changes in metabolomic profiles and the models outlined can be used as an accurate predictor for obesity and obesity related disorders.
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Ost M, Doerrier C, Gama-Perez P, Moreno-Gomez S. Analysis of mitochondrial respiratory function in tissue biopsies and blood cells. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:336-342. [PMID: 29939971 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review provides an overview on latest methodological strategies to assess mitochondrial respiratory function in tissue biopsies or blood cells. In addition, it summarizes the recent literature related to this topic. RECENT FINDINGS Today, the study of mitochondrial function in key metabolic active tissues has been become more relevant, with increasing focus in clinical applications. In addition, assessment of mitochondrial function in blood cells by respirometry might be a sensitive biomarker of disease progression. High-Resolution Respirometry provides a modern tool to study mitochondrial respiratory physiology which allows direct measurement of cellular metabolic function during health and disease. Moreover, standard operating procedures are required regarding instrumental settings, sample collection and preparation, protocol design and respirometric data analysis of mitochondrial respiratory function in tissue biopsies (such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue), as well as isolated blood cells. SUMMARY Mitochondrial function is a key factor in many metabolic diseases. Although various analytical approaches are available, certain well-established protocols for isolated mitochondria are limited for the analysis of mitochondrial function in tissue biopsies or blood cells. Thus, cautious considerations in selecting appropriate protocols and analytical endpoints are crucial for the interpretation of the gained data and to draw robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ost
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Gomez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Defects in the mitochondrial-tRNA modification enzymes MTO1 and GTPBP3 promote different metabolic reprogramming through a HIF-PPARγ-UCP2-AMPK axis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1163. [PMID: 29348686 PMCID: PMC5773609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human proteins MTO1 and GTPBP3 are thought to jointly catalyze the modification of the wobble uridine in mitochondrial tRNAs. Defects in each protein cause infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are mostly unknown. Using fibroblasts from an MTO1 patient and MTO1 silenced cells, we found that the MTO1 deficiency is associated with a metabolic reprogramming mediated by inactivation of AMPK, down regulation of the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and transcription factor PPARγ, and activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). As a result, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are uncoupled, while fatty acid metabolism is altered, leading to accumulation of lipid droplets in MTO1 fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, this response is different from that triggered by the GTPBP3 defect, as GTPBP3-depleted cells exhibit AMPK activation, increased levels of UCP2 and PPARγ, and inactivation of HIF-1. In addition, fatty acid oxidation and respiration are stimulated in these cells. Therefore, the HIF-PPARγ-UCP2-AMPK axis is operating differently in MTO1- and GTPBP3-defective cells, which strongly suggests that one of these proteins has an additional role, besides mitochondrial-tRNA modification. This work provides new and useful information on the molecular basis of the MTO1 and GTPBP3 defects and on putative targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Baati N, Feillet-Coudray C, Fouret G, Vernus B, Goustard B, Coudray C, Lecomte J, Blanquet V, Magnol L, Bonnieu A, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C. Myostatin deficiency is associated with lipidomic abnormalities in skeletal muscles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1044-1055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Weaver RJ, Betts C, Blomme EAG, Gerets HHJ, Gjervig Jensen K, Hewitt PG, Juhila S, Labbe G, Liguori MJ, Mesens N, Ogese MO, Persson M, Snoeys J, Stevens JL, Walker T, Park BK. Test systems in drug discovery for hazard identification and risk assessment of human drug-induced liver injury. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:767-782. [PMID: 28604124 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1341489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The liver is an important target for drug-induced toxicities. Early detection of hepatotoxic drugs requires use of well-characterized test systems, yet current knowledge, gaps and limitations of tests employed remains an important issue for drug development. Areas Covered: The current state of the science, understanding and application of test systems in use for the detection of drug-induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial toxicity, cholestasis and inflammation is summarized. The test systems highlighted herein cover mostly in vitro and some in vivo models and endpoint measurements used in the assessment of small molecule toxic liabilities. Opportunities for research efforts in areas necessitating the development of specific tests and improved mechanistic understanding are highlighted. Expert Opinion: Use of in vitro test systems for safety optimization will remain a core activity in drug discovery. Substantial inroads have been made with a number of assays established for human Drug-induced Liver Injury. There nevertheless remain significant gaps with a need for improved in vitro tools and novel tests to address specific mechanisms of human Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Progress in these areas will necessitate not only models fit for application, but also mechanistic understanding of how chemical insult on the liver occurs in order to identify translational and quantifiable readouts for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Weaver
- a Research & Biopharmacy, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier , Suresnes , France
| | - Catherine Betts
- b Pathology Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism , AstraZeneca R&D , Cambridge , UK
| | | | - Helga H J Gerets
- d Non Clinical Development, Chemin du Foriest , UCB BioPharma SPRL , Braine L'Alleud , Belgium
| | | | - Philip G Hewitt
- f Non-Clinical Development, Merck KGaA , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Satu Juhila
- g In Vitro Biology , Orion Pharma , Espoo , Finland
| | - Gilles Labbe
- h Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety , Sanofi R&D , Paris , France
| | | | - Natalie Mesens
- i Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen (Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson) Turnhoutseweg 30 , Beerse , Belgium
| | - Monday O Ogese
- j Pathology Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism , AstraZeneca R&D , Cambridge , UK
| | - Mikael Persson
- k Innovative Medicines and Early Clinical Development, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Discovery Safety , AstraZeneca R&D , Mölndal , Sweden
| | - Jan Snoeys
- l Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Janssen (Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson) Turnhoutseweg 30 , Beerse , Belgium
| | - James L Stevens
- m Dept of Toxicology , Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - Tracy Walker
- n Investigative Safety & Drug Metabolism , GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for Research and Development , Ware , Herts , Hertfordshire, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- o Institute of Translational Medicine , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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Zhang Y, Avalos JL. Traditional and novel tools to probe the mitochondrial metabolism in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9. [PMID: 28067471 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism links energy production to other essential cellular processes such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition to producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source, mitochondria are responsible for the synthesis of a myriad of important metabolites and cofactors such as tetrahydrofolate, α-ketoacids, steroids, aminolevulinic acid, biotin, lipoic acid, acetyl-CoA, iron-sulfur clusters, heme, and ubiquinone. Furthermore, mitochondria and their metabolism have been implicated in aging and several human diseases, including inherited mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, heart failure, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, there is great interest in understanding mitochondrial metabolism and the complex relationship it has with other cellular processes. A large number of studies on mitochondrial metabolism have been conducted in the last 50 years, taking a broad range of approaches. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most commonly used tools that have been used to study different aspects of the metabolism of mitochondria: ranging from dyes that monitor changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and pharmacological tools to study respiration or ATP synthesis, to more modern tools such as genetically encoded biosensors and trans-omic approaches enabled by recent advances in mass spectrometry, computation, and other technologies. These tools have allowed the large number of studies that have shaped our current understanding of mitochondrial metabolism. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1373. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1373 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - José L Avalos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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