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Hussain S, Mursal M, Verma G, Hasan SM, Khan MF. Targeting oncogenic kinases: Insights on FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176484. [PMID: 38467235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases play pivotal roles in various biological functions, influencing cell differentiation, promoting survival, and regulating the cell cycle. The disruption of protein kinase activity is intricately linked to pathways in tumor development. This manuscript explores the transformative impact of protein kinase inhibitors on cancer therapy, particularly their efficacy in cases driven by targeted mutations. Focusing on key tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Bcr-Abl, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), it targets critical kinase families in cancer progression. Clinical trial details of these TKIs offer insights into their therapeutic potentials. Learning from FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, the review dissects trends in kinase drug development since imatinib's paradigm-shifting approval in 2001. TKIs have evolved into pivotal drugs, extending beyond oncology. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel kinase targets, revealing the vast potential within the human kinome. The manuscript provides a detailed analysis of advancements until 2022, discussing the roles of specific oncogenic protein kinases in cancer development and carcinogenesis. Our exploration on PubMed for relevant and significant TKIs undergoing pre-FDA approval phase III clinical trials enriches the discussion with valuable findings. While kinase inhibitors exhibit lower toxicity than traditional chemotherapy in cancer treatment, challenges like resistance and side effects emphasize the necessity of understanding resistance mechanisms, prompting the development of novel inhibitors like osimertinib targeting specific mutant proteins. The review advocates thorough research on effective combination therapies, highlighting the future development of more selective RTKIs to optimize patient-specific cancer treatment and reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohd Mursal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Garima Verma
- RWE Specialist, HealthPlix Technologies, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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2
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Chakraborty S, Bhat AM, Mushtaq I, Luan H, Kalluchi A, Mirza S, Storck MD, Chaturvedi N, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Llombart-Bosch A, Machado I, Scotlandi K, Meza JL, Ghosal G, Coulter DW, Jordan Rowley M, Band V, Mohapatra BC, Band H. EHD1-dependent traffic of IGF-1 receptor to the cell surface is essential for Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:758. [PMID: 37474760 PMCID: PMC10359273 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the EPS15 Homology Domain containing 1 (EHD1) protein has been linked to tumorigenesis but whether its core function as a regulator of intracellular traffic of cell surface receptors plays a role in oncogenesis remains unknown. We establish that EHD1 is overexpressed in Ewing sarcoma (EWS), with high EHD1 mRNA expression specifying shorter patient survival. ShRNA-knockdown and CRISPR-knockout with mouse Ehd1 rescue established a requirement of EHD1 for tumorigenesis and metastasis. RTK antibody arrays identified IGF-1R as a target of EHD1 regulation in EWS. Mechanistically, we demonstrate a requirement of EHD1 for endocytic recycling and Golgi to plasma membrane traffic of IGF-1R to maintain its surface expression and downstream signaling. Conversely, EHD1 overexpression-dependent exaggerated oncogenic traits require IGF-1R expression and kinase activity. Our findings define the RTK traffic regulation as a proximal mechanism of EHD1 overexpression-dependent oncogenesis that impinges on IGF-1R in EWS, supporting the potential of IGF-1R and EHD1 co-targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Chakraborty
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aaqib M Bhat
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Achyuth Kalluchi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagendra Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - Antonio Llombart-Bosch
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Avd. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isidro Machado
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Avd. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jane L Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gargi Ghosal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - M Jordan Rowley
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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3
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Sun Y, Gao Y, Dong M, Li J, Li X, He N, Song H, Zhang M, Ji K, Wang J, Gu Y, Wang Y, Du L, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhai H, Sun D, Liu Q, Xu C. Kremen2 drives the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by preventing SOCS3-mediated degradation of EGFR. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:140. [PMID: 37270563 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane receptor Kremen2 has been reported to participate in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. However, the role of Kremen2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of Kremen2 in NSCLC. METHODS The correlation between Kremen2 expression and NSCLC was assessed by analyzing the public database and clinical tissue samples. Colony formation and EdU assays were performed to examine cell proliferation. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to observe cell migration ability. Tumor-bearing nude mice and metastatic tumor models were used to detect the in vivo tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of the NSCLC cells. An immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression of proliferation-related proteins in tissues. Western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were conducted to elucidate the Kremen2 regulatory mechanisms in NSCLC. RESULTS Kremen2 was highly expressed in tumor tissues from NSCLC patients and was positively correlated with a poor patient prognosis. Knockout or knockdown of Kremen2 inhibited cell proliferation and migration ability of NSCLC cells. In vivo knockdown of Kremen2 inhibited the tumorigenicity and number of metastatic nodules of NSCLC cells in nude mice. Mechanistically, Kremen2 interacted with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) to maintain the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein levels by preventing SOCS3-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of EGFR, which, in turn, promoted activation of the PI3K-AKT and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified Kremen2 as a candidate oncogene in NSCLC and may provide a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jiuzhen Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xin Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hezheng Zhai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
- School of Precision Instruments and OPTO-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Chakraborty S, Bhat AM, Mushtaq I, Luan H, Kalluchi A, Mirza S, Storck MD, Chaturvedi N, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Llombart-Bosch A, Machado I, Scotlandi K, Meza JL, Ghosal G, Coulter DW, Rowley JM, Band V, Mohapatra BC, Band H. EHD1-dependent traffic of IGF-1 receptor to the cell surface is essential for Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.15.524130. [PMID: 36711452 PMCID: PMC9882098 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.15.524130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of EPS15 Homology Domain containing 1 (EHD1) has been linked to tumorigenesis but whether its core function as a regulator of intracellular traffic of cell surface receptors plays a role in oncogenesis remains unknown. We establish that EHD1 is overexpressed in Ewing sarcoma (EWS), with high EHD mRNA expression specifying shorter patient survival. ShRNA and CRISPR-knockout with mouse Ehd1 rescue established a requirement of EHD1 for tumorigenesis and metastasis. RTK antibody arrays identified the IGF-1R as a target of EHD1 regulation in EWS. Mechanistically, we demonstrate a requirement of EHD1 for endocytic recycling and Golgi to plasma membrane traffic of IGF-1R to maintain its surface expression and downstream signaling. Conversely, EHD1 overexpression-dependent exaggerated oncogenic traits require IGF-1R expression and kinase activity. Our findings define the RTK traffic regulation as a proximal mechanism of EHD1 overexpression-dependent oncogenesis that impinges on IGF-1R in EWS, supporting the potential of IGF-1R and EHD1 co-targeting.
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5
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Ebrahimi N, Fardi E, Ghaderi H, Palizdar S, Khorram R, Vafadar R, Ghanaatian M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Baziyar P, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:104. [PMID: 36947256 PMCID: PMC11073124 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new cancer treatment approach, involving drugs that particularly target specific proteins in cancer cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which are involved in promoting growth and proliferation, Therefore inhibiting these proteins could impede cancer progression. An understanding of RTKs and the relevant signaling cascades, has enabled the development of many targeted drug therapies employing RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) some of which have entered clinical application. Here we discuss RTK structures, activation mechanisms and functions. Moreover, we cover the potential effects of combination drug therapy (including chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents with one RTKI or multiple RTKIs) especially for drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elmira Fardi
- Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajarossadat Ghaderi
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Medical Innovation, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Palizdar
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Tehran East Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vafadar
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghanaatian
- Master 1 Bio-Santé-Parcours Toulouse Graduate School of Cancer, Ageing and Rejuvenation (CARe), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Uinversity of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Translational Medicine Group, Xsphera Biosciences, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
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Rigby M, Bennett G, Chen L, Mudd GE, Harrison H, Beswick PJ, Van Rietschoten K, Watcham SM, Scott HS, Brown AN, Park PU, Campbell C, Haines E, Lahdenranta J, Skynner MJ, Jeffrey P, Keen N, Lee K. BT8009; A Nectin-4 Targeting Bicycle Toxin Conjugate for Treatment of Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1747-1756. [PMID: 36112771 PMCID: PMC9940631 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple tumor types overexpress Nectin-4 and the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), enfortumab vedotin (EV) shows striking efficacy in clinical trials for metastatic urothelial cancer, which expresses high levels of Nectin-4, validating Nectin-4 as a clinical target for toxin delivery in this indication. Despite excellent data in urothelial cancer, little efficacy data are reported for EV in other Nectin-4 expressing tumors and EV therapy can produce significant toxicities in many patients, frequently leading to discontinuation of treatment. Thus, additional approaches to this target with the potential to extend utility and reduce toxicity are warranted. We describe the preclinical development of BT8009, a "Bicycle Toxin Conjugate" (BTC) consisting of a Nectin-4-binding bicyclic peptide, a cleavable linker system and the cell penetrant toxin mono-methylauristatin E (MMAE). BT8009 shows significant antitumor activity in preclinical tumor models, across a variety of cancer indications and is well tolerated in preclinical safety studies. In several models, it shows superior or equivalent antitumor activity to an EV analog. As a small hydrophilic peptide-based drug BT8009 rapidly diffuses from the systemic circulation, through tissues to penetrate the tumor and target tumor cells. It is renally eliminated from the circulation, with a half-life of 1-2 hours in rat and non-human primate. These physical and PK characteristics differentiate BT8009 from ADCs and may provide benefit in terms of tumor penetration and reduced systemic exposure. BT8009 is currently in a Phase 1/2 multicenter clinical trial across the US, Canada, and Europe, enrolling patients with advanced solid tumors associated with Nectin-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rigby
- Bicycle TX Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Author: Michael Rigby, Bicycle TX Ltd., Blocks A & B, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, UK. Phone: 44-012-2326-1512; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Helen Harrison
- Amphista Therapeutics, The Cori Building, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sophie M. Watcham
- Kymab Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas Keen
- Bicycle Therapeutics, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Lee
- Bicycle TX Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Alternative ANKHD1 transcript promotes proliferation and inhibits migration in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:56. [PMID: 36171217 PMCID: PMC9519915 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is common in gene expression, and abnormal splicing often results in several cancers. Overall survival-associated splicing events (OS-SEs) have been used to predict prognosis in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and function of OS-SEs in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Based on TCGA and TCGASpliceSeq databases, gene expression and the AS data of UCEC samples were retrieved. An alternate terminator of ANKHD1 transcripts named ANKHD1-BP3 was found to be significantly related to metastasis and OS in UCEC and significantly associated with HSPB1. The upregulated expression of HSPB1 induced downregulation of ANKHD1-BP3 and promoted tumor metastasis. These findings indicate that HSPB1, a splicing factor, regulates the expression of ANKHD1-BP3 to promote metastasis in UCEC.
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8
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Huang Q, Wang K, Wanggou S, Tian J, Li X. A novel co-targeting strategy of EGFR/SEC61G for multi-modality fluorescence/MR/photoacoustic imaging of glioblastoma. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 40:102509. [PMID: 34915180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection is often the first choice and cornerstone therapy of glioblastoma; the degree of complete resection, as an important prognostic factor, is directly related to individuals' long-term outcomes. However, current imaging approaches, subjected to its single-function and poor targeting affinity, used to have disappointing performance on preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative positioning. Herein, we have designed a nanoparticle for triple-modality NIF/MR/photoacoustic imaging and brought in a dual-targeting strategy with co-expressed EGFR and SEC61G in glioblastoma. In comparison with the dual-negative nanocarrier, the EGFR/SEC61G biotargeting nanoprobe presented a significantly enhanced contrast and durability in vivo. Furthermore, we have evaluated the safety and biocompatibility using a CCK-8 assay ex vivo, which showed negligible toxicity. Therefore, the dual-target probes hold great potentials for a comprehensive preoperative plan and durable intraoperative navigation in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Hammood M, Craig AW, Leyton JV. Impact of Endocytosis Mechanisms for the Receptors Targeted by the Currently Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)-A Necessity for Future ADC Research and Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070674. [PMID: 34358100 PMCID: PMC8308841 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically-based therapies increasingly rely on the endocytic cycle of internalization and exocytosis of target receptors for cancer therapies. However, receptor trafficking pathways (endosomal sorting (recycling, lysosome localization) and lateral membrane movement) are often dysfunctional in cancer. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revitalized the concept of targeted chemotherapy by coupling inhibitory antibodies to cytotoxic payloads. Significant advances in ADC technology and format, and target biology have hastened the FDA approval of nine ADCs (four since 2019). Although the links between aberrant endocytic machinery and cancer are emerging, the impact of dysregulated internalization processes of ADC targets and response rates or resistance have not been well studied. This is despite the reliance on ADC uptake and trafficking to lysosomes for linker cleavage and payload release. In this review, we describe what is known about all the target antigens for the currently approved ADCs. Specifically, internalization efficiency and relevant intracellular sorting activities are described for each receptor under normal processes, and when complexed to an ADC. In addition, we discuss aberrant endocytic processes that have been directly linked to preclinical ADC resistance mechanisms. The implications of endocytosis in regard to therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic are also described. Unexpectedly, information on endocytosis is scarce (absent for two receptors). Moreover, much of what is known about endocytosis is not in the context of receptor-ADC/antibody complexes. This review provides a deeper understanding of the pertinent principles of receptor endocytosis for the currently approved ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Hammood
- Departément de Medécine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Medécine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Andrew W. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey V. Leyton
- Departément de Medécine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Medécine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre d’Imagerie Moleculaire, Centre de Recherche, CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-346-1110
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10
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LC3C-Mediated Autophagy Selectively Regulates the Met RTK and HGF-Stimulated Migration and Invasion. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4053-4068.e6. [PMID: 31851933 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Met/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is deregulated in many cancers and is a recognized target for cancer therapies. Following HGF stimulation, the signaling output of Met is tightly controlled by receptor internalization and sorting for degradation or recycling. Here, we uncover a role for autophagy in selective degradation of Met and regulation of Met-dependent cell migration and invasion. Met engagement with the autophagic pathway is dependent on complex formation with the mammalian ATG8 family member MAP1LC3C. LC3C deletion abrogates Met entry into the autophagy-dependent degradative pathway, allowing identification of LC3C domains required for rescue. Cancer cells with low LC3C levels show enhanced Met stability, signaling, and cell invasion. These findings provide mechanistic insight into RTK recruitment to autophagosomes and establish distinct roles for ATG8 proteins in this process, supporting that differential expression of ATG8 proteins can shape the functional consequences of autophagy in cancer development and progression.
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11
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Crizotinib inhibits activation of MET pathway caused by MET extracellular SEMA domain duplication. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:64-70. [PMID: 32673828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant MET activation, which promotes cell proliferation and tumor metastasis, occurs in many types of cancer and results from multiple mechanisms. A novel MET duplication mutation was found in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient. The clinical response to crizotinib was investigated and the functional relevance was characterized in cellular models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on the tumor tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) of a patient with advanced NSCLC. In vitro studies including western blot, proliferation assays and colony formation assays were used to confirm the clinical observations. RESULTS The patient was identified to harbor a duplication of the MET SEMA domain. After a month of treatment, the patient showed a marked response to crizotinib, a multikinase inhibitor with potent activity against MET. Functional in vitro studies demonstrated that expression of MET SEMA duplication in NIH-3T3 cells stimulated the activation of MET signaling. Crizotinib treatment obviously repressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and MET signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Crizotinib treatment resulted in a clinical response in a patient with MET SEMA duplication. Results of cellular analyses together with the clinical data suggest that this novel alteration may represent an actionable target in NSCLC patients.
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12
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Taskaeva I, Bgatova N, Gogaeva I. Lithium effects on vesicular trafficking in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 43:301-311. [PMID: 31826700 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1701167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly malignant tumors worldwide, characterized by the presence of many heterogeneous molecular cell events that contribute to tumor growth and progression. Endocytic processes are intimately involved in various pathological conditions, including cancer, since they interface with various cellular signaling programs. The ability of lithium to induce cell death and autophagy and affect cell proliferation and intracellular signaling has been shown in various experimental tumor models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lithium on vesicular transport in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Using transmission electron microscopy we have characterized the endocytic apparatus in hepatocellular carcinoma-29 (HCC-29) cells in vivo and detailed changes in endocytotic vesicles after 20 mM lithium carbonate administration. Immunofluorescent analysis was used to quantify cells positive for EEA1-positive early endosomes, Rab11-positive recycling endosomes and Rab7-positive late endosomes. Lithium treatment caused an increase in EEA1- and Rab11-positive structures and a decrease in Rab7-positive vesicles. Thus, lithium affects diverse endocytic pathways in HCC-29 cells which may modulate growth and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Taskaeva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Laboratory of Boron-Neutron Capture Therapy, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya Bgatova
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Izabella Gogaeva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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13
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Federici G, Varricchio L, Martelli F, Falchi M, Picconi O, Francescangeli F, Contavalli P, Girelli G, Tafuri A, Petricoin EF, Mazzarini M, Zeuner A, Migliaccio AR. Phosphoproteomic Landscaping Identifies Non-canonical cKIT Signaling in Polycythemia Vera Erythroid Progenitors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1245. [PMID: 31824842 PMCID: PMC6883719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stem cell factor (SCF)/cKIT interaction plays key functions in erythropoiesis, cKIT signaling in human erythroid cells is still poorly defined. To provide new insights into cKIT-mediated erythroid expansion in development and disease, we performed phosphoproteomic profiling of primary erythroid progenitors from adult blood (AB), cord blood (CB), and Polycythemia Vera (PV) at steady-state and upon SCF stimulation. While AB and CB, respectively, activated transient or sustained canonical cKIT-signaling, PV showed a non-canonical signaling including increased mTOR and ERK1 and decreased DEPTOR. Accordingly, screening of FDA-approved compounds showed increased PV sensitivity to JAK, cKIT, and MEK inhibitors. Moreover, differently from AB and CB, in PV the mature 145kDa-cKIT constitutively associated with the tetraspanin CD63 and was not endocytosed upon SCF stimulation, contributing to unrestrained cKIT signaling. These results identify a clinically exploitable variegation of cKIT signaling/metabolism that may contribute to the great erythroid output occurring during development and in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Varricchio
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National HIV/AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orietta Picconi
- National HIV/AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Contavalli
- Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Girelli
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Sant'Andrea Hospital-La Sapienza, Department of Clinic and Molecular Medicine "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Maria Mazzarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Research Consortium, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Dash S, Aydin Y, Moroz K. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Liver: Good or Bad? Cells 2019; 8:E1308. [PMID: 31652893 PMCID: PMC6912708 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection triggers autophagy processes, which help clear out the dysfunctional viral and cellular components that would otherwise inhibit the virus replication. Increased cellular autophagy may kill the infected cell and terminate the infection without proper regulation. The mechanism of autophagy regulation during liver disease progression in HCV infection is unclear. The autophagy research has gained a lot of attention recently since autophagy impairment is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) are three autophagy processes involved in the lysosomal degradation and extracellular release of cytosolic cargoes under excessive stress. Autophagy processes compensate for each other during extreme endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to promote host and microbe survival as well as HCC development in the highly stressed microenvironment of the cirrhotic liver. This review describes the molecular details of how excessive cellular stress generated during HCV infection activates CMA to improve cell survival. The pathological implications of stress-related CMA activation resulting in the loss of hepatic innate immunity and tumor suppressors, which are most often observed among cirrhotic patients with HCC, are discussed. The oncogenic cell programming through autophagy regulation initiated by a cytoplasmic virus may facilitate our understanding of HCC mechanisms related to non-viral etiologies and metabolic conditions such as uncontrolled type II diabetes. We propose that a better understanding of how excessive cellular stress leads to cancer through autophagy modulation may allow therapeutic development and early detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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15
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Fu W, Sun H, Zhao Y, Chen M, Yang X, Liu Y, Jin W. BCAP31 drives TNBC development by modulating ligand-independent EGFR trafficking and spontaneous EGFR phosphorylation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6468-6484. [PMID: 31588230 PMCID: PMC6771250 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an urgent task as targeted therapies have increased the lifespans of Oestrogen Receptor +/ Progesterone Receptor + and HER2+ cancer patients. Methods: genes involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, which have been reported to be key players in cancer, were used in loss-of-function screening to evaluate the oncogenic roles of these genes to identify candidate target genes in TNBC. In vitro and in vivo function assays as well as clinical prognostic analysis were used to study the oncogenic role of the gene. Molecular and cell based assays were further employed to investigate the mechanisms. Results: B Cell Receptor Associated Protein 31 (BCAP31), the expression of which is correlated with early recurrence and poor survival among patients, was identified an oncogene in our assay. In vitro studies further suggested that BCAP31 acts as a key oncogene by promoting TNBC development. We also showed that BCAP31 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and serves as an inhibitor of ligand-independent EGFR recycling, sustaining EGFR autophosphorylation and activation of downstream signalling. Conclusion: These findings reveal the functional role of BCAP31, an ER-related protein, in EGFR dysregulation and TNBC development.
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16
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Shen H, He M, Lin R, Zhan M, Xu S, Huang X, Xu C, Chen W, Yao Y, Mohan M, Wang J. PLEK2 promotes gallbladder cancer invasion and metastasis through EGFR/CCL2 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:247. [PMID: 31182136 PMCID: PMC6558801 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an extremely malignant tumor with a high mortality rate. Little is known about its invasion and metastasis mechanism so far. METHODS To identify the driver genes in GBC metastasis, we performed a mRNA microarray of metastatic GBC and paired non-tumor samples, and found PLEK2 was markedly upregulated in GBC tissues. Next, the expression of PLEK2 in GBC were examined in a larger cohort of patients by qRT-PCR, western blot and IHC staining. The clinicopathologic correlation of PLEK2 was determined by statistical analyses. The biological involvement of PLEK2 in GBC metastasis and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS In this study, we found that PLEK2 had higher expression in GBC tumor tissues compared to non-cancerous adjacent tissues and cholecystolithiasis tissues. The clinicopathologic analyses showed PLEK2 expression was positively correlated with tumor TNM stage, distant metastasis and PLEK2 was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) in GBC patients. The cellular function assays showed PLEK2 promoted GBC cells migration, invasion and liver metastasis in mouse model via the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Our mass spectrum and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays demonstrated that PLEK2 could interact with the kinase domain of EGFR and suppress EGFR ubiquitination mediated by c-CBL, leading to constitutive activation of EGFR signaling. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR results demonstrated chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a target gene downstream of PLEK2/EGFR signaling, mediated the motility-promoting function of PLEK2. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these collective data, we propose that PLEK2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of GBC by EGFR/CCL2 pathway and PLEK2 can serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruirong Lin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sunwang Xu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xince Huang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanhua Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Man Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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17
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Zaoui K, Duhamel S, Parachoniak CA, Park M. CLIP-170 spatially modulates receptor tyrosine kinase recycling to coordinate cell migration. Traffic 2019; 20:187-201. [PMID: 30537020 PMCID: PMC6519375 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic sorting of activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), alternating between recycling and degradative processes, controls signal duration, location and surface complement of RTKs. The microtubule (MT) plus‐end tracking proteins (+TIPs) play essential roles in various cellular activities including translocation of intracellular cargo. However, mechanisms through which RTKs recycle back to the plasma membrane following internalization in response to ligand remain poorly understood. We report that net outward‐directed movement of endocytic vesicles containing the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) Met RTK, requires recruitment of the +TIP, CLIP‐170, as well as the association of CLIP‐170 to MT plus‐ends. In response to HGF, entry of Met into Rab4‐positive endosomes results in Golgi‐localized γ‐ear‐containing Arf‐binding protein 3 (GGA3) and CLIP‐170 recruitment to an activated Met RTK complex. We conclude that CLIP‐170 co‐ordinates the recycling and the transport of Met‐positive endocytic vesicles to plus‐ends of MTs towards the cell cortex, including the plasma membrane and the lamellipodia, thereby promoting cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kossay Zaoui
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Duhamel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine A Parachoniak
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Abstract
Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab, for hematological malignancies, almost 30 additional mAbs have been approved in oncology. Despite remarkable advances, relatively weak responses and resistance to antibody monotherapy remain major open issue. Overcoming resistance might require combinations of drugs blocking both the major target and the emerging secondary target. We review clinically approved combinations of antibodies and either cytotoxic regimens (chemotherapy and irradiation) or kinase inhibitors. Thereafter, we focus on the most promising and currently very active arena that combines mAbs inhibiting immune checkpoints or growth factor receptors. Clinically approved and experimental oligoclonal mixtures of mAbs targeting different antigens (hetero-combinations) or different epitopes of the same antigen (homo-combinations) are described. Effective oligoclonal mixtures of antibodies that mimic the polyclonal immune response will likely become a mainstay of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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19
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Porębska N, Latko M, Kucińska M, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Targeting Cellular Trafficking of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors as a Strategy for Selective Cancer Treatment. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010007. [PMID: 30577533 PMCID: PMC6352210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) in response to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) transmit signals across the cell membrane, regulating important cellular processes, like differentiation, division, motility, and death. The aberrant activity of FGFRs is often observed in various diseases, especially in cancer. The uncontrolled FGFRs' function may result from their overproduction, activating mutations, or generation of FGFRs' fusion proteins. Besides their typical subcellular localization on the cell surface, FGFRs are often found inside the cells, in the nucleus and mitochondria. The intracellular pool of FGFRs utilizes different mechanisms to facilitate cancer cell survival and expansion. In this review, we summarize the current stage of knowledge about the role of FGFRs in oncogenic processes. We focused on the mechanisms of FGFRs' cellular trafficking-internalization, nuclear translocation, and mitochondrial targeting, as well as their role in carcinogenesis. The subcellular sorting of FGFRs constitutes an attractive target for anti-cancer therapies. The blocking of FGFRs' nuclear and mitochondrial translocation can lead to the inhibition of cancer invasion. Moreover, the endocytosis of FGFRs can serve as a tool for the efficient and highly selective delivery of drugs into cancer cells overproducing these receptors. Here, we provide up to date examples how the cellular sorting of FGFRs can be hijacked for selective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Latko
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marika Kucińska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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20
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Yan G, Ru Y, Wu K, Yan F, Wang Q, Wang J, Pan T, Zhang M, Han H, Li X, Zou L. GOLM1 promotes prostate cancer progression through activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. Prostate 2018; 78:166-177. [PMID: 29181846 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Various molecular mechanisms account for PCa progression and elucidation of these mechanisms is key for selection of optimal therapies and improvement of patient outcome. Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) has been identified as a novel biomarker for PCa, but its biological functions and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHOD GOLM1 expression was determined in PCa by tissue microarrays (TMAs) and real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. To investigate GOLM1 functions in vitro and in vivo, we overexpressed and knocked down GOLM1 in PCa cell lines and established xenograft mice models. A series of cytological function assays were used to determine the role of GOLM1 in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway downstream of GOLM1 was detected by Western blot and IHC analyses. RESULT GOLM1 expression is up-regulated in PCa of all stages and grades. GOLM1 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits apoptosis in PCa cell lines (DU145, PC3, and CWR22Rv1) and xenograft mice models. Moreover, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling is positively regulated by GOLM1, whereas PI3 K inhibitor BKM120 significantly abrogates the oncogenic functions of GOLM1. CONCLUSION GOLM1 acts as a critical oncogene by promoting PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibiting apoptosis. GOLM1 plays oncogenic functions mainly through activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, agents that block PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway could be used in PCa patients with GOLM1 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yan
- College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Rocket Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Kerong Wu
- College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Fengqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zou
- College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Rocket Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
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Differential responsiveness of MET inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer with altered CBL. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9192. [PMID: 28835699 PMCID: PMC5569108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a molecule of adaptor that we have shown is important for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated if MET is a target of CBL and if enhanced in CBL-altered NSCLC. We showed that CBL wildtype cells have lower MET expression than CBL mutant cells. Ubiquitination of MET was also decreased in CBL mutant cells compared to wildtype cells. Mutant cells were also more sensitive to MET inhibitor SU11274 than wild-type cells. sh-RNA-mediated knockdown of CBL enhanced cell motility and colony formation in NSCLC cells, and these activities were inhibited by SU11274. Assessment of the phospho-kinome showed decreased phosphorylation of pathways involving MET, paxillin, EPHA2, and VEGFR. When CBL was knocked down in the mutant cell line H1975 (erlotinib-resistant), it became sensitive to MET inhibition. Our findings suggest that CBL status is a potential positive indicator for MET-targeted therapeutics in NSCLC.
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22
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Hwang G, Kim H, Yoon H, Song C, Lim DK, Sim T, Lee J. In situ imaging of quantum dot-AZD4547 conjugates for tracking the dynamic behavior of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5345-5357. [PMID: 28794627 PMCID: PMC5536236 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play an important role in determining cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. Although a variety of small-molecule FGFR inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapeutics, the interaction between FGFRs and FGFR inhibitors has not been well characterized. The FGFR–inhibitor interaction can be characterized using a new imaging probe that has strong, stable signal properties for in situ cellular imaging of the interaction without quenching. We developed a kinase–inhibitor-modified quantum dot (QD) probe to investigate the interaction between FGFR and potential inhibitors. Especially, turbo-green fluorescent protein-FGFR3s were overexpressed in HeLa cells to investigate the colocalization of FGFR3 and AZD4547 using the QD-AZD4547 probe. The result indicates that this probe is useful for investigating the binding behaviors of FGFR3 with the FGFR inhibitor. Thus, this new inhibitor-modified QD probe is a promising tool for understanding the interaction between FGFR and inhibitors and for creating future high-content, cell-based drug screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyoyeon Hwang
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul.,Bio-Med, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Hyeonhye Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Hojong Yoon
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Chiman Song
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul.,Bio-Med, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
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23
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Li Z, Sun Q, Shi Y. Recent perspectives of molecular aberrations in pediatric high-grade glioma. Minerva Pediatr 2017. [PMID: 28643992 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.17.04823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are highly aggressive tumors with no effective cures. Lack of understanding of the molecular biology of these tumors, in part due to lack of well-characterized pre-clinical models, is a great challenge in the development of novel therapies. Recent studies have shown that pediatric HGG short-term cell cultures retain many of the tumor characteristics in vivo and at present one of the best choices for in-vivo experimental studies. The present review article would put light on novel genetic and epigenetic changes in pediatric HGG that might, act as a gold standard potential biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingzeng Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China -
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24
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Ferreira PMP, Pessoa C. Molecular biology of human epidermal receptors, signaling pathways and targeted therapy against cancers: new evidences and old challenges. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000216076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Ye QH, Zhu WW, Zhang JB, Qin Y, Lu M, Lin GL, Guo L, Zhang B, Lin ZH, Roessler S, Forgues M, Jia HL, Lu L, Zhang XF, Lian BF, Xie L, Dong QZ, Tang ZY, Wang XW, Qin LX. GOLM1 Modulates EGFR/RTK Cell-Surface Recycling to Drive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:444-458. [PMID: 27569582 PMCID: PMC5021625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Using gene profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, we have identified GOLM1 as a leading gene relating to HCC metastasis. GOLM1 expression is correlated with early recurrence, metastasis, and poor survival of HCC patients. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies determine that GOLM1 acts as a key oncogene by promoting HCC growth and metastasis. It selectively interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and serves as a specific cargo adaptor to assist EGFR/RTK anchoring on the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and recycling back to the plasma membrane, leading to prolonged activation of the downstream kinases. These findings reveal the functional role of GOLM1, a Golgi-related protein, in EGFR/RTK recycling and metastatic progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ju-Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guo-Ling Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marshonna Forgues
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hu-Liang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bao-Feng Lian
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformatics Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformatics Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-You Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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26
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Carvalho S, Levi‐Schaffer F, Sela M, Yarden Y. Immunotherapy of cancer: from monoclonal to oligoclonal cocktails of anti-cancer antibodies: IUPHAR Review 18. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1407-24. [PMID: 26833433 PMCID: PMC4831314 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapy of cancer employs monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to soluble ligands, membrane antigens of T-lymphocytes or proteins located at the surface of cancer cells. The latter mAbs are often combined with cytotoxic regimens, because they block survival of residual fractions of tumours that evade therapy-induced cell death. Antibodies, along with kinase inhibitors, have become in the last decade the mainstay of oncological pharmacology. However, partial and transient responses, as well as emergence of tumour resistance, currently limit clinical application of mAbs. To overcome these hurdles, oligoclonal antibody mixtures are being tested in animal models and in clinical trials. The first homo-combination of two mAbs, each engaging a distinct site of HER2, an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), has been approved for treatment of breast cancer. Likewise, a hetero-combination of antibodies to two distinct T-cell antigens, PD1 and CTLA4, has been approved for treatment of melanoma. In a similar vein, additive or synergistic anti-tumour effects observed in animal models have prompted clinical testing of hetero-combinations of antibodies simultaneously engaging distinct RTKs. We discuss the promise of antibody cocktails reminiscent of currently used mixtures of chemotherapeutics and highlight mechanisms potentially underlying their enhanced clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Francesca Levi‐Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Michael Sela
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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27
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Mutational and network level mechanisms underlying resistance to anti-cancer kinase inhibitors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:164-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Inverse regulation of bridging integrator 1 and BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:217-25. [PMID: 26194865 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is the major regulator process of tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) functional activities. Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) is a key protein involved in RTK intracellular trafficking. Here, we report, by studying 34 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at diagnosis, that BIN1 gene is downregulated in CML as compared to healthy controls, suggesting an altered endocytosis of RTKs. Rab interactor 1 (RIN1), an activator of BIN1, displayed a similar behavior. Treatment of 57 patients by tyrosine kinase inhibitors caused, along with BCR-ABL1 inactivation, an increase of BIN1 and RIN1 expression, potentially restoring endocytosis. There was a significant inverse correlation between BIN1-RIN1 and BCR-ABL1 expression. In vitro experiments on both CML and nontumorigenic cell lines treated with Imatinib confirmed these results. In order to provide another proof in favor of BIN1 and RIN1 endocytosis function in CML, we demonstrated that Imatinib induced, in K562 cell line, BIN1-RIN1 upregulation accompanied by a parallel AXL receptor internalization into cytoplasmic compartment. This study shows a novel deregulated mechanism in CML patients, indicating BIN1 and RIN1 as players in the maintenance of the abnormal RTK signaling in this hematological disease.
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29
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So J, Pasculescu A, Dai AY, Williton K, James A, Nguyen V, Creixell P, Schoof EM, Sinclair J, Barrios-Rodiles M, Gu J, Krizus A, Williams R, Olhovsky M, Dennis JW, Wrana JL, Linding R, Jorgensen C, Pawson T, Colwill K. Integrative analysis of kinase networks in TRAIL-induced apoptosis provides a source of potential targets for combination therapy. Sci Signal 2015; 8:rs3. [PMID: 25852190 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an endogenous secreted peptide and, in preclinical studies, preferentially induces apoptosis in tumor cells rather than in normal cells. The acquisition of resistance in cells exposed to TRAIL or its mimics limits their clinical efficacy. Because kinases are intimately involved in the regulation of apoptosis, we systematically characterized kinases involved in TRAIL signaling. Using RNA interference (RNAi) loss-of-function and cDNA overexpression screens, we identified 169 protein kinases that influenced the dynamics of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1. We classified the kinases as sensitizers or resistors or modulators, depending on the effect that knockdown and overexpression had on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Two of these kinases that were classified as resistors were PX domain-containing serine/threonine kinase (PXK) and AP2-associated kinase 1 (AAK1), which promote receptor endocytosis and may enable cells to resist TRAIL-induced apoptosis by enhancing endocytosis of the TRAIL receptors. We assembled protein interaction maps using mass spectrometry-based protein interaction analysis and quantitative phosphoproteomics. With these protein interaction maps, we modeled information flow through the networks and identified apoptosis-modifying kinases that are highly connected to regulated substrates downstream of TRAIL. The results of this analysis provide a resource of potential targets for the development of TRAIL combination therapies to selectively kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan So
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anna Y Dai
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kelly Williton
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrew James
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Pau Creixell
- Cellular Signal Integration Group (C-SIG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Cellular Signal Integration Group (C-SIG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Sinclair
- Cell Communication Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jun Gu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Aldis Krizus
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ryan Williams
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Marina Olhovsky
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rune Linding
- Cellular Signal Integration Group (C-SIG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Claus Jorgensen
- Cell Communication Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Tony Pawson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
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30
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Cai Y, Nagel DJ, Zhou Q, Cygnar KD, Zhao H, Li F, Pi X, Knight PA, Yan C. Role of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 1C signaling in regulating growth factor receptor stability, vascular smooth muscle cell growth, migration, and neointimal hyperplasia. Circ Res 2015; 116:1120-32. [PMID: 25608528 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neointimal hyperplasia characterized by abnormal accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a hallmark of occlusive disorders such as atherosclerosis, postangioplasty restenosis, vein graft stenosis, and allograft vasculopathy. Cyclic nucleotides are vital in SMC proliferation and migration, which are regulated by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). OBJECTIVE Our goal is to understand the regulation and function of PDEs in SMC pathogenesis of vascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed screening for genes differentially expressed in normal contractile versus proliferating synthetic SMCs. We observed that PDE1C expression was low in contractile SMCs but drastically elevated in synthetic SMCs in vitro and in various mouse vascular injury models in vivo. In addition, PDE1C was highly induced in neointimal SMCs of human coronary arteries. More importantly, injury-induced neointimal formation was significantly attenuated by PDE1C deficiency or PDE1 inhibition in vivo. PDE1 inhibition suppressed vascular remodeling of human saphenous vein explants ex vivo. In cultured SMCs, PDE1C deficiency or PDE1 inhibition attenuated SMC proliferation and migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that PDE1C plays a critical role in regulating the stability of growth factor receptors, such as PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ) known to be important in pathological vascular remodeling. PDE1C interacts with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and PDGFRβ, thus regulating PDGFRβ endocytosis and lysosome-dependent degradation in an low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1-dependent manner. A transmembrane adenylyl cyclase cAMP-dependent protein kinase cascade modulated by PDE1C is critical in regulating PDGFRβ degradation. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that PDE1C is an important regulator of SMC proliferation, migration, and neointimal hyperplasia, in part through modulating endosome/lysosome-dependent PDGFRβ protein degradation via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Cai
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - David J Nagel
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - Qian Zhou
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - Katherine D Cygnar
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - Haiqing Zhao
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - Faqian Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - Xinchun Pi
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - Peter A Knight
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.)
| | - Chen Yan
- From the Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.C., D.J.N., Q.Z., C.Y.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.L.), and Department of Surgery (P.A.K.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (K.D.C., H.Z.); and Department of Medicine, Athero and Lipo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P.).
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Gaziova I, Davey RA, Elferink LA. Identification of factors regulating MET receptor endocytosis by high-throughput siRNA screening. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1270:381-394. [PMID: 25702130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2309-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase MET, a receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, is a key regulator for normal development and organ renewal via stem cell maintenance. Dysregulated MET signaling contributes to tumor progression and metastasis and is considered a potent therapeutic target for a growing number of malignancies. Toward that goal it is critical to develop high-throughput assays to identify candidate regulators for the termination of MET signaling. We describe here a rapid and efficient method for identifying cellular factors required for MET ubiquitination, which utilizes high-throughput RNA interference screening (HT-siRNA) with a receptor internalization assay and an In-Cell ELISA in a 96-well format. The assay is amenable to a large array of cell surface proteins as well as genome-wide siRNA libraries, with high signal-to-background ratio and low well-to-well variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gaziova
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0620, USA,
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32
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St-Germain JR, Taylor P, Zhang W, Li Z, Ketela T, Moffat J, Neel BG, Trudel S, Moran MF. Differential regulation of FGFR3 by PTPN1 and PTPN2. Proteomics 2014; 15:419-33. [PMID: 25311528 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression and activation of FGFR3 is associated with disease states including bone dysplasia and malignancies of bladder, cervix, and bone marrow. MS analysis of protein-phosphotyrosine in multiple myeloma cells revealed a prevalent phosphorylated motif, D/EYYR/K, derived from the kinase domain activation loops of tyrosine kinases including FGFR3 corresponding to a recognition sequence of protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN1. Knockdown of PTPN1 or the related enzyme PTPN2 by RNAi resulted in ligand-independent activation of FGFR3. Modulation of FGFR3 activation loop phosphorylation by both PTPN1 and PTPN2 was a function of receptor trafficking and phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP) compartmentalization. The FGFR3 activation loop motif DYYKK(650) is altered to DYYKE(650) in the oncogenic variant FGFR3(K650E) , and consequently it is constitutively fully activated and unaffected by activation loop phosphorylation. FGFR3(K650E) was nevertheless remarkably sensitive to negative regulation by PTPN1 and PTPN2. This suggests that in addition to modulating FGFR3 phosphorylation, PTPN1 and PTPN2 constrain the kinase domain by fostering an inactive-state. Loss of this constraint in response to ligand or impaired PTPN1/N2 may initiate FGFR3 activation. These results suggest a model wherein PTP expression levels may define conditions that select for ectopic FGFR3 expression and activation during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R St-Germain
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
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Cui L, Tse K, Zahedi P, Harding SM, Zafarana G, Jaffray DA, Bristow RG, Allen C. Hypoxia and cellular localization influence the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in breast cancer cells. Radiat Res 2014; 182:475-88. [PMID: 25361396 DOI: 10.1667/rr13642.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia exists in all solid tumors and leads to clinical radioresistance and adverse prognosis. We hypothesized that hypoxia and cellular localization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be modifiers of AuNP-mediated radiosensitization. The possible mechanistic effect of AuNPs on cell cycle distribution and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair postirradiation were also studied. Clonogenic survival data revealed that internalized and extracellular AuNPs at 0.5 mg/mL resulted in dose enhancement factors of 1.39 ± 0.07 and 1.09 ± 0.01, respectively. Radiosensitization by AuNPs was greatest in cells under oxia, followed by chronic and then acute hypoxia. The presence of AuNPs inhibited postirradiation DNA DSB repair, but did not lead to cell cycle synchronization. The relative radiosensitivity of chronic hypoxic cells is attributed to defective DSB repair (homologous recombination) due to decreased (RAD51)-associated protein expression. Our results support the need for further study of AuNPs for clinical development in cancer therapy since their efficacy is not limited in chronic hypoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- a Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Allonby O, El Zawily AM, Freywald T, Mousseau DD, Chlan J, Anderson D, Benmerah A, Sidhu V, Babu M, DeCoteau J, Freywald A. Ligand stimulation induces clathrin- and Rab5-dependent downregulation of the kinase-dead EphB6 receptor preceded by the disruption of EphB6-Hsp90 interaction. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2645-57. [PMID: 25152371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-induced internalisation and subsequent downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) serve to determine biological outputs of their signalling. Intrinsically kinase-deficient RTKs control a variety of biological responses, however, the mechanism of their downregulation is not well understood and its analysis is focused exclusively on the ErbB3 receptor. The Eph group of RTKs is represented by the EphA and EphB subclasses. Each bears one kinase-inactive member, EphA10 and EphB6, respectively, suggesting an important role for these molecules in the Eph signalling network. While EphB6 effects on cell behaviour have been assessed, the mechanism of its downregulation remains elusive. Our work reveals that EphB6 and its kinase-active relative, and signalling partner, EphB4, are downregulated in a similar manner in response to their common ligand, ephrin-B2. Following stimulation, both receptors are internalised through clathrin-coated pits and are degraded in lysosomes. Their targeting for lysosomal degradation relies on the activity of an early endosome regulator, the Rab5 GTPase, as this process is inhibited in the presence of a Rab5 dominant-negative mutant. EphB6 also interacts with the Hsp90 chaperone and EphB6 downregulation is preceded by their rapid dissociation. Moreover, the inhibition of Hsp90 results in EphB6 degradation, mimicking its ligand-induced downregulation. These processes appear to rely on overlapping mechanisms, since Hsp90 inhibition does not significantly enhance ligand-induced EphB6 elimination. Taken together, our observations define a novel mechanism for intrinsically kinase-deficient RTK downregulation and support an intriguing model, where Hsp90 dissociation acts as a trigger for ligand-induced receptor removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Allonby
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Amr M El Zawily
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Tanya Freywald
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Chlan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Deborah Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; Cancer Research Unit, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Vishaldeep Sidhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK,S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK,S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - John DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Hojjat-Farsangi M. Small-molecule inhibitors of the receptor tyrosine kinases: promising tools for targeted cancer therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13768-801. [PMID: 25110867 PMCID: PMC4159824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic and cytotoxic drugs are widely used in the treatment of cancer. In spite of the improvements in the life quality of patients, their effectiveness is compromised by several disadvantages. This represents a demand for developing new effective strategies with focusing on tumor cells and minimum side effects. Targeted cancer therapies and personalized medicine have been defined as a new type of emerging treatments. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are among the most effective drugs for targeted cancer therapy. The growing number of approved SMIs of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) i.e., tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the clinical oncology imply the increasing attention and application of these therapeutic tools. Most of the current approved RTK-TKIs in preclinical and clinical settings are multi-targeted inhibitors with several side effects. Only a few specific/selective RTK-TKIs have been developed for the treatment of cancer patients. Specific/selective RTK-TKIs have shown less deleterious effects compared to multi-targeted inhibitors. This review intends to highlight the importance of specific/selective TKIs for future development with less side effects and more manageable agents. This article provides an overview of: (1) the characteristics and function of RTKs and TKIs; (2) the recent advances in the improvement of specific/selective RTK-TKIs in preclinical or clinical settings; and (3) emerging RTKs for targeted cancer therapies by TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
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Hojjat-Farsangi M, Moshfegh A, Daneshmanesh AH, Khan AS, Mikaelsson E, Osterborg A, Mellstedt H. The receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1--an oncofetal antigen for targeted cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:21-31. [PMID: 25068995 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies have emerged as new treatment options for various cancer types. Among targets, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the most promising. ROR1 is a transmembrane RTK of importance during the normal embryogenesis for the central nervous system, heart, lung and skeletal systems, but is not expressed in normal adult tissues. However, ROR1 is overexpressed in several human malignancies and may act as a survival factor for tumor cells. Its unique expression by malignant cells may provide a target for novel therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKI) for the treatment of cancer. Promising preclinical results have been reported in e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia, pancreatic carcinoma, lung and breast cancer. ROR1 might also be an interesting oncofetal antigen for active immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the ROR1 structure and functions in cancer and highlight emerging therapeutic options of interest for targeting ROR1 in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Salam Khan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Mikaelsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Osterborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Truscott M, Islam ABMMK, Lightfoot J, López-Bigas N, Frolov MV. An intronic microRNA links Rb/E2F and EGFR signaling. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004493. [PMID: 25058496 PMCID: PMC4109884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of microRNAs in the regulation of various aspects of biology and disease is well recognized. However, what remains largely unappreciated is that a significant number of miRNAs are embedded within and are often co-expressed with protein-coding host genes. Such a configuration raises the possibility of a functional interaction between a miRNA and the gene it resides in. This is exemplified by the Drosophila melanogaster dE2f1 gene that harbors two miRNAs, mir-11 and mir-998, within its last intron. miR-11 was demonstrated to limit the proapoptotic function of dE2F1 by repressing cell death genes that are directly regulated by dE2F1, however the biological role of miR-998 was unknown. Here we show that one of the functions of miR-998 is to suppress dE2F1-dependent cell death specifically in rbf mutants by elevating EGFR signaling. Mechanistically, miR-998 operates by repressing dCbl, a negative regulator of EGFR signaling. Significantly, dCbl is a critical target of miR-998 since dCbl phenocopies the effects of miR-998 on dE2f1-dependent apoptosis in rbf mutants. Importantly, this regulation is conserved, as the miR-998 seed family member miR-29 repressed c-Cbl, and enhanced MAPK activity and wound healing in mammalian cells. Therefore, the two intronic miRNAs embedded in the dE2f1 gene limit the apoptotic function of dE2f1, but operate in different contexts and act through distinct mechanisms. These results also illustrate that examining an intronic miRNA in the context of its host's function can be valuable in elucidating the biological function of the miRNA, and provide new information about the regulation of the host gene itself. Animal genomes encode hundreds of microRNA genes that impact all areas of biology by limiting the expression of their targets. What remains largely unappreciated is that a significant proportion of microRNA genes are embedded within protein-coding genes, and are often co-expressed with their hosts, which raises the possibility of a functional interaction between them. The mir-998 gene is located within an intron of the gene encoding Drosophila E2F1 transcription factor. E2F1 can induce the expression of cell death genes, and its activity is negatively regulated by the pRB tumour suppressor protein. In certain settings, unrestrained E2F1 activity is sufficient to induce cell death in cells lacking functional pRB. Here, we show that miR-998 limits cell death in Rb-deficient cells by repressing dCbl, a negative regulator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor signaling (EGFR). miR-998 also augments EGFR signaling in differentiating photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, we show that the interaction between miR-998 and Cbl is conserved: in human cells, miR-29, a mir-29/998 seed family member, enhances EGFR signaling by targeting c-Cbl. Therefore, by examining the role of an intronic microRNA in the context of its host's function, we identified an important microRNA target and uncovered a biological function of the microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Truscott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Abul B. M. M. K. Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Lightfoot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maxim V. Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tiong KH, Mah LY, Leong CO. Functional roles of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) signaling in human cancers. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1447-68. [PMID: 23900974 PMCID: PMC3825415 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) regulate important biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation during development and tissue repair. Over the past decades, numerous pathological conditions and developmental syndromes have emerged as a consequence of deregulation in the FGFRs signaling network. This review aims to provide an overview of FGFR family, their complex signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, and the current development and application of therapeutics targeting the FGFRs signaling for treatment of refractory human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hung Tiong
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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39
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Zhang X, Simons M. Receptor tyrosine kinases endocytosis in endothelium: biology and signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1831-7. [PMID: 24925972 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in regulation of key processes in endothelial biology, including proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. It is now generally accepted that receptor tyrosine kinase signaling occurs intracellularly and on the plasma membrane, although many important details remain to be worked out. Endocytosis and subsequent intracellular trafficking spatiotemporally regulate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, whereas signaling endosomes provide a platform for the compartmentalization of signaling events. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase endocytosis and signaling using vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 as a paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- From the Department of Cell Biology, and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Simons
- From the Department of Cell Biology, and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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40
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Tomiyama A, Uekita T, Kamata R, Sasaki K, Takita J, Ohira M, Nakagawara A, Kitanaka C, Mori K, Yamaguchi H, Sakai R. Flotillin-1 regulates oncogenic signaling in neuroblastoma cells by regulating ALK membrane association. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3790-801. [PMID: 24830726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas harbor mutations in the nonreceptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in 8% to 9% of cases where they serve as oncogenic drivers. Strategies to reduce ALK activity offer clinical interest based on initial findings with ALK kinase inhibitors. In this study, we characterized phosphotyrosine-containing proteins associated with ALK to gain mechanistic insights in this setting. Flotillin-1 (FLOT1), a plasma membrane protein involved in endocytosis, was identified as a binding partner of ALK. RNAi-mediated attenuation of FLOT1 expression in neuroblastoma cells caused ALK dissociation from endosomes along with membrane accumulation of ALK, thereby triggering activation of ALK and downstream effector signals. These features enhanced the malignant properties of neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, oncogenic ALK mutants showed less binding affinity to FLOT1 than wild-type ALK. Clinically, lower expression levels of FLOT1 were documented in highly malignant subgroups of human neuroblastoma specimens. Taken together, our findings suggest that attenuation of FLOT1-ALK binding drives malignant phenotypes of neuroblastoma by activating ALK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Tomiyama
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Takamasa Uekita
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Kanagawa
| | - Reiko Kamata
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine, Graduate School of medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | | | - Akira Nakagawara
- Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba; and
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute;
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41
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Tushar MD, Ramanathan A. Tyrosine 1045 codon mutations in exon 27 of EGFR are infrequent in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4279-82. [PMID: 23991943 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation and inactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases are tightly regulated to ensure faithful replication of cells. After having transduced extracellular growth activating signals, activated EGFR is subjected to downregulation either by clathrin mediated endocytosis or c-Cbl mediated proteasome degradation depending on the ligand concentration. c-Cbl is an ubiquitin ligase which requires a phosphorylated tyrosine residue at position 1045 in the cytoplasmic domain of EGFR to interact and add ubiquitin molecules. While activating mutations in exons 19 and 21 have been associated with the development of several cancers, the status of mutations at tyrosine 1045 coding exon 27 of EGFR remain to be investigated. Consistently, defective phosphorylation at 1045 has been associated with sustained phosphorylation of EGFR in non-small lung carcinomas. Hence in the present study we investigated the genetic status of the tyrosine 1045 coding site within exon 27 of EGFR gene to explore for possible occurrence of mutations in this region, especially since no studies have addressed this issue so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor chromosomal DNA isolated from thirty five surgically excised oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues was subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers flanking the tyrosine 1045 coding exon 27 of EGFR gene. The PCR amplicons were subsequently subjected to direct sequencing to elucidate the mutation status. RESULTS Sequence analysis identified no mutations in the tyrosine 1045 codon of EGFR in any of the thirty five samples that were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The lack of identification of mutation in the tyrosine 1045 codon of EGFR suggests that mutations in this region may be relatively rare in oral squamous cell carcinomas. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to have explored the genetic status of exon 27 of EGFR in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Dhaval Tushar
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Sree Balaji Medical and Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, India.
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42
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Bernardes N, Ribeiro AS, Abreu S, Vieira AF, Carreto L, Santos M, Seruca R, Paredes J, Fialho AM. High-throughput molecular profiling of a P-cadherin overexpressing breast cancer model reveals new targets for the anti-cancer bacterial protein azurin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:1-9. [PMID: 24509127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azurin is a bacterial protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which exerts an inhibitory activity in cancer cells. In P-cadherin-overexpressing models, a bad prognosis marker in breast cancer increasing invasion and other malignant features, azurin decreases the invasion of cancer cells. We performed a microarray analysis to compare the expression profile of azurin treated cells with different P-cadherin expression levels. Azurin up-regulated apoptosis mediated by p53 protein, endocytosis and vesicle-mediated transport. In the contrary, in invasive MCF-7/AZ.Pcad cells, azurin decreased the expression of genes associated with cell surface receptors and signal transduction, as well as biological adhesion. Further, azurin decreased adhesion of cells to proteins from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and altered protein expression of integrins α6, β4 and β1 and interfered with the ability of these cells to form mammospheres. Altogether, our results further enlighten the anti-cancer effects mediated by azurin in P-cadherin overexpression breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Bernardes
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Abreu
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André F Vieira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Carreto
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Santos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Arsenio M Fialho
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Nakayama A, Nakayama M, Turner CJ, Höing S, Lepore JJ, Adams RH. Ephrin-B2 controls PDGFRβ internalization and signaling. Genes Dev 2014; 27:2576-89. [PMID: 24298057 PMCID: PMC3861671 DOI: 10.1101/gad.224089.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin-B2 is essential for supporting mural cells; namely, pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Nakayama et al. find that ephrin-B2 controls platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) distribution in the VSMC plasma membrane, endocytosis, and signaling. VSMCs lacking ephrin-B2 exhibited a redistribution of PDGFRβ from caveolin-positive to clathrin-associated membrane fractions and enhanced PDGF-B-induced PDGFRβ internalization. Mice lacking ephrin-B2 in vascular smooth muscle developed vessel wall defects and aortic aneurysms. These results suggest that ephrin-B2 is an important regulator of PDGFRβ endocytosis in mural cells. B-class ephrins, ligands for EphB receptor tyrosine kinases, are critical regulators of growth and patterning processes in many organs and species. In the endothelium of the developing vasculature, ephrin-B2 controls endothelial sprouting and proliferation, which has been linked to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor endocytosis and signaling. Ephrin-B2 also has essential roles in supporting mural cells (namely, pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells [VSMCs]), but the underlying mechanism is not understood. Here, we show that ephrin-B2 controls platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) distribution in the VSMC plasma membrane, endocytosis, and signaling in a fashion that is highly distinct from its role in the endothelium. Absence of ephrin-B2 in cultured VSMCs led to the redistribution of PDGFRβ from caveolin-positive to clathrin-associated membrane fractions, enhanced PDGF-B-induced PDGFRβ internalization, and augmented downstream mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation but impaired Tiam1–Rac1 signaling and proliferation. Accordingly, mutant mice lacking ephrin-B2 expression in vascular smooth muscle developed vessel wall defects and aortic aneurysms, which were associated with impaired Tiam1 expression and excessive activation of MAP kinase and JNK. Our results establish that ephrin-B2 is an important regulator of PDGFRβ endocytosis and thereby acts as a molecular switch controlling the downstream signaling activity of this receptor in mural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakayama
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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44
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Miaczynska M. Effects of membrane trafficking on signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a009035. [PMID: 24186066 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular trafficking machinery contributes to the spatial and temporal control of signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The primary role in this process is played by endocytic trafficking, which regulates the localization of RTKs and their downstream effectors, as well as the duration and the extent of their activity. The key regulatory points along the endocytic pathway are internalization of RTKs from the plasma membrane, their sorting to degradation or recycling, and their residence in various endosomal compartments. Here I will review factors and mechanisms that modulate RTK signaling by (1) affecting receptor internalization, (2) regulating the balance between degradation and recycling of RTK, and (3) compartmentalization of signals in endosomes and other organelles. Cumulatively, these mechanisms illustrate a multilayered control of RTK signaling exerted by the trafficking machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miaczynska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Talati R, Vanderpoel A, Eladdadi A, Anderson K, Abe K, Barroso M. Automated selection of regions of interest for intensity-based FRET analysis of transferrin endocytic trafficking in normal vs. cancer cells. Methods 2013; 66:139-52. [PMID: 23994873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of certain membrane-bound receptors is a hallmark of cancer progression and it has been suggested to affect the organization, activation, recycling and down-regulation of receptor-ligand complexes in human cancer cells. Thus, comparing receptor trafficking pathways in normal vs. cancer cells requires the ability to image cells expressing dramatically different receptor expression levels. Here, we have presented a significant technical advance to the analysis and processing of images collected using intensity based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) confocal microscopy. An automated Image J macro was developed to select region of interests (ROI) based on intensity and statistical-based thresholds within cellular images with reduced FRET signal. Furthermore, SSMD (strictly standardized mean differences), a statistical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) evaluation parameter, was used to validate the quality of FRET analysis, in particular of ROI database selection. The Image J ROI selection macro together with SSMD as an evaluation parameter of SNR levels, were used to investigate the endocytic recycling of Tfn-TFR complexes at nanometer range resolution in human normal vs. breast cancer cells expressing significantly different levels of endogenous TFR. Here, the FRET-based assay demonstrates that Tfn-TFR complexes in normal epithelial vs. breast cancer cells show a significantly different E% behavior during their endocytic recycling pathway. Since E% is a relative measure of distance, we propose that these changes in E% levels represent conformational changes in Tfn-TFR complexes during endocytic pathway. Thus, our results indicate that Tfn-TFR complexes undergo different conformational changes in normal vs. cancer cells, indicating that the organization of Tfn-TFR complexes at the nanometer range is significantly altered during the endocytic recycling pathway in cancer cells. In summary, improvements in the automated selection of FRET ROI datasets allowed us to detect significant changes in E% with potential biological significance in human normal vs. cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Talati
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Andrew Vanderpoel
- Department of Mathematics, The College of Saint Rose, 432 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Amina Eladdadi
- Department of Mathematics, The College of Saint Rose, 432 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Kate Anderson
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Ken Abe
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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46
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Haglund K, Dikic I. The role of ubiquitylation in receptor endocytosis and endosomal sorting. J Cell Sci 2013; 125:265-75. [PMID: 22357968 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-induced activation of transmembrane receptors activates intracellular signaling cascades that control vital cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Receptor signaling is modulated by several mechanisms to ensure that the correct biological outcome is achieved. One such mechanism, which negatively regulates receptor signaling, involves the modification of receptors with ubiquitin. This post-translational modification can promote receptor endocytosis and targets receptors for lysosomal degradation, thereby ensuring termination of receptor signaling. In this Commentary, we review the roles of ubiquitylation in receptor endocytosis and degradative endosomal sorting by drawing on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a well-studied example. Furthermore, we elaborate on the molecular basis of ubiquitin recognition along the endocytic pathway through compartment-specific ubiquitin-binding proteins and highlight how endocytic sorting machineries control these processes. In addition, we discuss the importance of ubiquitin-dependent receptor endocytosis for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and in the prevention of diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Haglund
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
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47
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Ultrasonic gene and drug delivery using eLiposomes. J Control Release 2013; 167:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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48
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Gaffney DC, Soyer HP, Simpson F. The epidermal growth factor receptor in squamous cell carcinoma: An emerging drug target. Australas J Dermatol 2013; 55:24-34. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Gaffney
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Department of Dermatology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Department of Dermatology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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49
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Fu HL, Valiathan RR, Arkwright R, Sohail A, Mihai C, Kumarasiri M, Mahasenan KV, Mobashery S, Huang P, Agarwal G, Fridman R. Discoidin domain receptors: unique receptor tyrosine kinases in collagen-mediated signaling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7430-7437. [PMID: 23335507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.444158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) are receptor tyrosine kinases that recognize collagens as their ligands. DDRs display unique structural features and distinctive activation kinetics, which set them apart from other members of the kinase superfamily. DDRs regulate cell-collagen interactions in normal and pathological conditions and thus are emerging as major sensors of collagen matrices and potential novel therapeutic targets. New structural and biological information has shed light on the molecular mechanisms that regulate DDR signaling, turnover, and function. This minireview provides an overview of these areas of DDR research with the goal of fostering further investigation of these intriguing and unique receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Liang Fu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Rajeshwari R Valiathan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Richard Arkwright
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Anjum Sohail
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Cosmin Mihai
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Malika Kumarasiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Kiran V Mahasenan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Paul Huang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Gunjan Agarwal
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Rafael Fridman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
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50
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Cortese K, Howes MT, Lundmark R, Tagliatti E, Bagnato P, Petrelli A, Bono M, McMahon HT, Parton RG, Tacchetti C. The HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin perturbs endosomal structure and drives recycling ErbB2 and transferrin to modified MVBs/lysosomal compartments. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 24:129-44. [PMID: 23154999 PMCID: PMC3541960 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ErbB2 receptor is a validated cancer target whose internalization and trafficking remain poorly understood. The authors propose that ErbB2 internalization upon geldanamycin (GA) occurs predominantly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and that GA affects endosomal structure and sorting, forcing recycling cargoes toward mixed endo/lysosomal compartments, irrespective of their HSP90 interaction. The ErbB2 receptor is a clinically validated cancer target whose internalization and trafficking mechanisms remain poorly understood. HSP90 inhibitors, such as geldanamycin (GA), have been developed to target the receptor to degradation or to modulate downstream signaling. Despite intense investigations, the entry route and postendocytic sorting of ErbB2 upon GA stimulation have remained controversial. We report that ErbB2 levels inversely impact cell clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) capacity. Indeed, the high levels of the receptor are responsible for its own low internalization rate. GA treatment does not directly modulate ErbB2 CME rate but it affects ErbB2 recycling fate, routing the receptor to modified multivesicular endosomes (MVBs) and lysosomal compartments, by perturbing early/recycling endosome structure and sorting capacity. This activity occurs irrespective of the cargo interaction with HSP90, as both ErbB2 and the constitutively recycled, HSP90-independent, transferrin receptor are found within modified endosomes, and within aberrant, elongated recycling tubules, leading to modified MVBs/lysosomes. We propose that GA, as part of its anticancer activity, perturbs early/recycling endosome sorting, routing recycling cargoes toward mixed endosomal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cortese
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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