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Almutairi S, Kalloush HM, Manoon NA, Bardaweel SK. Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment: An Updated Review (2013-2023). Molecules 2023; 28:5567. [PMID: 37513440 PMCID: PMC10384300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are identifiable members of proteolytic enzymes that can degrade a wide range of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs can be categorized into six groups based on their substrate specificity and structural differences: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, metalloelastase, and membrane-type MMPs. MMPs have been linked to a wide variety of biological processes, such as cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Over time, MMPs have been evaluated for their role in cancer progression, migration, and metastasis. Accordingly, various MMPs have become attractive therapeutic targets for anticancer drug development. The first generations of broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors displayed effective inhibitory activities but failed in clinical trials due to poor selectivity. Thanks to the evolution of X-ray crystallography, NMR analysis, and homology modeling studies, it has been possible to characterize the active sites of various MMPs and, consequently, to develop more selective, second-generation MMP inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the computational and synthesis approaches used in the development of MMP inhibitors and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriefa Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hanin Moh'd Kalloush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Nour A Manoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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2
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Liu S, Deng Z, Zhu J, Ma Z, Tuo B, Li T, Liu X. Gastric immune homeostasis imbalance: An important factor in the development of gastric mucosal diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114338. [PMID: 36905807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastric mucosal immune system is a unique immune organ independent of systemic immunity that not only maintains nutrient absorption but also plays a role in resisting the external environment. Gastric mucosal immune disorder leads to a series of gastric mucosal diseases, including autoimmune gastritis (AIG)-related diseases, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced diseases, and various types of gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, understanding the role of gastric mucosal immune homeostasis in gastric mucosal protection and the relationship between mucosal immunity and gastric mucosal diseases is very important. This review focuses on the protective effect of gastric mucosal immune homeostasis on the gastric mucosa, as well as multiple gastric mucosal diseases caused by gastric immune disorders. We hope to offer new prospects for the prevention and treatment of gastric mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zilin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
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3
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Xu X, Lu X, Chen L, Peng K, Ji F. Downregulation of MMP1 functions in preventing perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer through blocking the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24719. [PMID: 36181286 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a fatal malignancy that frequently involves perineural invasion (PNI). This study aims to investigate the function and underlying mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) in PNI of PC. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were co-cultured with dorsal root ganglion in vitro. The expression of MMP1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was measured by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. In vivo model of PNI was established via inoculating PANC-1 cells into mice. PANC-1 cells and mice were also treated with LM22B-10 (an activator of TrkC) to confirm the mechanisms involving NT-3/TrkC in PNI of PC both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The expression of MMP1 was significantly higher in PDAC tissues than non-cancerous tissues, which was positively associated with PNI. MMP1 knockdown repressed the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Except for E-cadherin, the expression of EMT markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was inhibited by MMP1 silencing. The same effects of MMP1 knockdown on the above factors were also observed in the PNI model. Moreover, MMP1 knockdown elevated the sciatic nerve function and reduced PNI in the model mice. LM22B-10 partially abolished the effects of MMP1 knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of MMP1 prevents PC cells from EMT and Schwann-like cell differentiation via inhibiting the activation of the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway, thus alleviating the PNI of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pain Medicine, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Liu Y, Gao M, An J, Wang X, Jia Y, Xu J, Zhu J, Cui J, Li W, Xing R, Song L, Liu K, He Y, Sheng J, Qi S, Pan Y, Lu Y. Dysregulation of MiR-30a-3p/Gastrin Enhances Tumor Growth and Invasion throughSTAT3/MMP11 Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8475-8493. [PMID: 32922036 PMCID: PMC7457738 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrin (GAST) is a well-known hormone regulating gastric biofunctions in the secretion of acid and maintaining its structural integrity. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GAST is also involved in the development of various forms of cancer. However, there are some limitations for illustrating the cellular regulation of GAST and its regulatory mechanisms in gastric malignant transformation and the potential epigenetic regulators systematically. Methods We explored the role of GAST expression in gastric cancer (GC) and normal tissues with the clinical features and investigated the potential relationship between GAST and STAT3/MMP11 pathway by gain or loss of function analyses. Besides, based on our microRNA/mRNA expression profiles, miR-30a-3p was the potential epigenetic regulator and additional experiments were performed to identify the hypothesis. Results Elevated GAST expression was frequently detected in GC and was associated with worse outcomes (p<0.001). And we firstly demonstrated that GAST was negatively regulated by miR-30a-3p. Moreover, GAST induced GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion mediating STAT3/MMP11 pathway in this study. Conclusion MiR-30a-3p was the promising suppressor gene through negatively regulating the expression of GAST, and dysregulation of GAST was a prognostic signature associated cell proliferation and metastasis through STAT3/MMP11 pathway in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital/Institute, School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, Haidian District 100142, People's Republic of China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining City, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Gao
- OnkoRx Ltd. Beijing, Beijing, Haidian District 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan An
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining City, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Dongcheng District 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Dongcheng District 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Dongcheng District 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihai Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining City, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital/Institute, School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, Haidian District 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmei Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital/Institute, School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, Haidian District 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital/Institute, School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, Haidian District 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. 8F, Health Work, Beijing, Haidian District 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejia Liu
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. 8F, Health Work, Beijing, Haidian District 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Dongcheng District 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Dongcheng District 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmei Qi
- OnkoRx Ltd. Beijing, Beijing, Haidian District 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital/Institute, School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, Haidian District 100142, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Dongcheng District 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital/Institute, School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, Haidian District 100142, People's Republic of China
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5
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Roztocil E, Hammond CL, Gonzalez MO, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway controls matrix metalloproteinase-1 and collagen levels in human orbital fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8477. [PMID: 32439897 PMCID: PMC7242326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) affects 25–50% of patients with Graves’ Disease. In TED, collagen accumulation leads to an expansion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which causes destructive tissue remodeling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to limit ECM accumulation in vitro. The ability of AHR to control expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) was analyzed. MMP1 degrades collagen to prevent excessive ECM. Human orbital fibroblasts (OFs) were treated with the pro-scarring cytokine, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) to induce collagen production. The AHR ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2b]carbazole (FICZ) was used to activate the AHR pathway in OFs. MMP1 protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by immunosorbent assay, Western blotting and quantitative PCR. MMP1 activity was detected using collagen zymography. AHR and its transcriptional binding partner, ARNT were depleted using siRNA to determine their role in activating expression of MMP1. FICZ induced MMP1 mRNA, protein expression and activity. MMP1 expression led to a reduction in collagen 1A1 levels. Furthermore, FICZ-induced MMP1 expression required both AHR and ARNT, demonstrating that the AHR-ARNT transcriptional complex is necessary for expression of MMP1 in OFs. These data show that activation of the AHR by FICZ increases MMP1 expression while leading to a decrease in collagen levels. Taken together, these studies suggest that AHR activation could be a promising target to block excessive collagen accumulation and destructive tissue remodeling that occurs in fibrotic diseases such as TED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roztocil
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Christine L Hammond
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Mithra O Gonzalez
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Steven E Feldon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA. .,Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
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6
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Lloyd KA, Parsons BN, Burkitt MD, Moore AR, Papoutsopoulou S, Boyce M, Duckworth CA, Exarchou K, Howes N, Rainbow L, Fang Y, Oxvig C, Dodd S, Varro A, Hall N, Pritchard DM. Netazepide Inhibits Expression of Pappalysin 2 in Type 1 Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:113-132. [PMID: 32004755 PMCID: PMC7215182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia is associated with the development of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). Twelve months of treatment with netazepide (YF476), an antagonist of the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR or CCK2R), eradicated some type 1 gNETs in patients. We investigated the mechanisms by which netazepide induced gNET regression using gene expression profiling. METHODS We obtained serum samples and gastric corpus biopsy specimens from 8 patients with hypergastrinemia and type 1 gNETs enrolled in a phase 2 trial of netazepide. Control samples were obtained from 10 patients without gastric cancer. We used amplified and biotinylated sense-strand DNA targets from total RNA and Affymetrix (Thermofisher Scientific, UK) Human Gene 2.0 ST microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes in stomach tissues from patients with type 1 gNETs before, during, and after netazepide treatment. Findings were validated in a human AGSGR gastric adenocarcinoma cell line that stably expresses human CCK2R, primary mouse gastroids, transgenic hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice, and patient samples. RESULTS Levels of pappalysin 2 (PAPPA2) messenger RNA were reduced significantly in gNET tissues from patients receiving netazepide therapy compared with tissues collected before therapy. PAPPA2 is a metalloproteinase that increases the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) by cleaving IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). PAPPA2 expression was increased in the gastric corpus of patients with type 1 gNETs, and immunohistochemistry showed localization in the same vicinity as CCK2R-expressing enterochromaffin-like cells. Up-regulation of PAPPA2 also was found in the stomachs of INS-GAS mice. Gastrin increased PAPPA2 expression with time and in a dose-dependent manner in gastric AGSGR cells and mouse gastroids by activating CCK2R. Knockdown of PAPPA2 in AGSGR cells with small interfering RNAs significantly decreased their migratory response and tissue remodeling in response to gastrin. Gastrin altered the expression and cleavage of IGFBP3 and IGFBP5. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of human gNETS and mice, we found that gastrin up-regulates the expression of gastric PAPPA2. Increased PAPPA2 alters IGF bioavailability, cell migration, and tissue remodeling, which are involved in type 1 gNET development. These effects are inhibited by netazepide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Lloyd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony N Parsons
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool University Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Boyce
- Trio Medicines, Ltd, Hammersmith Medicines Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Klaire Exarchou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool University Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Howes
- Liverpool University Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucille Rainbow
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steven Dodd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Hall
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Earlham Institute, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool University Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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7
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Garalla HM, Lertkowit N, Tiszlavicz L, Reisz Z, Holmberg C, Beynon R, Simpson D, Varga A, Kumar JD, Dodd S, Pritchard DM, Moore AR, Rosztóczy AI, Wittman T, Simpson A, Dockray GJ, Varro A. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: expression, metabolism, and functional significance. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13683. [PMID: 29845775 PMCID: PMC5974721 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, unlike many MMPs, is typically expressed in epithelial cells. It has been linked to epithelial responses to infection, injury, and tissue remodeling including the progression of a number of cancers. We have now examined how MMP-7 expression changes in the progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and have studied mechanisms regulating its expression and its functional significance. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MMP-7 was weakly expressed in normal squamous epithelium adjacent to EAC but was abundant in epithelial cells in both preneoplastic lesions of Barrett's esophagus and EAC particularly at the invasive front. In the stroma, putative myofibroblasts expressing MMP-7 were abundant at the invasive front but were scarce or absent in adjacent tissue. Western blot and ELISA revealed high constitutive secretion of proMMP-7 in an EAC cell line (OE33) that was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C, or MAP kinase activation. There was detectable proMMP-7 in cultured esophageal myofibroblasts but it was undetectable in media. Possible metabolism of MMP-7 by myofibroblasts studied by proteomic analysis indicated degradation via extensive endopeptidase, followed by amino- and carboxpeptidase, cleavages. Myofibroblasts exhibited increased migration and invasion in response to conditioned media from OE33 cells that was reduced by MMP-7 knockdown and immunoneutralization. Thus, MMP-7 expression increases at the invasive front in EAC which may be partly attributable to activation of PI 3-kinase. Secreted MMP-7 may modify the tumor microenvironment by stimulating stromal cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M. Garalla
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Nantaporn Lertkowit
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | | | - Zita Reisz
- Department of PathologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Chris Holmberg
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Rob Beynon
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Deborah Simpson
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Akos Varga
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Jothi Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Steven Dodd
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - David Mark Pritchard
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Moore
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | | | - Tibor Wittman
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Alec Simpson
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Graham J. Dockray
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Andrea Varro
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
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8
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Lloyd KA, Moore AR, Parsons BN, O'Hara A, Boyce M, Dockray GJ, Varro A, Pritchard DM. Gastrin-induced miR-222 promotes gastric tumor development by suppressing p27kip1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45462-45478. [PMID: 27323780 PMCID: PMC5216734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Elevated circulating concentrations of the hormone gastrin contribute to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and types-1 and 2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate proteins which in turn influence various biological processes. We hypothesised that gastrin induces the expression of specific gastric miRNAs within CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) expressing cells and that these mediate functionally important actions of gastrin. Results Gastrin increased miR-222 expression in AGSGR cells, with maximum changes observed at 10 nM G17 for 24 h. Signalling occurred via CCK2R and the PKC and PI3K pathways. miR-222 expression was increased in the serum and gastric corpus mucosa of hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice and hypergastrinemic patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and type 1 gastric NETs; it decreased in patients following treatment with the CCK2R antagonist netazepide (YF476). Gastrin-induced miR-222 overexpression resulted in reduced expression and cytoplasmic mislocalisation of p27kip1, which in turn caused actin remodelling and increased migration in AGSGR cells. Materials and Methods miRNA PCR arrays were used to identify changes in miRNA expression following G17 treatment of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells stably transfected with CCK2R (AGSGR). miR-222 was further investigated using primer assays and samples from hypergastrinemic mice and humans. Chemically synthesised mimics and inhibitors were used to assess cellular phenotypical changes associated with miR-222 dysregulation. Conclusions These data indicate a novel mechanism contributing to gastrin-associated gastric tumor development. miR-222 may also be a promising biomarker for monitoring gastrin induced premalignant changes in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Lloyd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Gastroenterology Directorate, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony N Parsons
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian O'Hara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Gastroenterology Directorate, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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9
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Kowalski-Chauvel A, Teissier G, Toulas C, Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal E, Seva C. By modulating α2β1 integrin signalling, gastrin increases adhesion oF AGS-GR gastric cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 362:498-503. [PMID: 29253536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a major cause of recurrence of gastric cancer and integrins are key molecules involved in gastric cancer cells attachment to the peritoneum. The peptide hormone, gastrin, initially identified for its role in gastric acid secretion is also a growth factor for gastric mucosa. Gastrin has also been shown to contribute to gastric cancers progression. Here, we provide the first evidence that gastrin increases the adhesion of gastric cancer cells. Gastrin treatment induces the expression of α2 integrin subunit through a mechanism that involves the ERK pathway. We also observed in response to gastrin an increase in the amount of α2 integrin associated with β1subunit. In addition, gastrin-stimulated cell adhesion was blocked with an anti-α2β1 integrin neutralizing antibody. We also show that gastrin activates the integrin pathway via the phosphorylation of β1 integrin by a Src family kinase. This mechanism may contribute to the enhancement of cell adhesion observed in response to gastrin since we found an inhibition of gastrin-mediated cell adhesion when cells were treated with a Src inhibitor. By regulating one of the key step of the metastatic process gastrin might contribute to increase the aggressive behaviour of human gastric tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Kowalski-Chauvel
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Teissier
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; IUCT-oncopole Toulouse, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; IUCT-oncopole Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Seva
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France.
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10
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Parsons BN, Ijaz UZ, D'Amore R, Burkitt MD, Eccles R, Lenzi L, Duckworth CA, Moore AR, Tiszlavicz L, Varro A, Hall N, Pritchard DM. Comparison of the human gastric microbiota in hypochlorhydric states arising as a result of Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis and proton pump inhibitor use. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006653. [PMID: 29095917 PMCID: PMC5667734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several conditions associated with reduced gastric acid secretion confer an altered risk of developing a gastric malignancy. Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis predisposes to gastric adenocarcinoma, autoimmune atrophic gastritis is a precursor of type I gastric neuroendocrine tumours, whereas proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use does not affect stomach cancer risk. We hypothesised that each of these conditions was associated with specific alterations in the gastric microbiota and that this influenced subsequent tumour risk. 95 patients (in groups representing normal stomach, PPI treated, H. pylori gastritis, H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis and autoimmune atrophic gastritis) were selected from a cohort of 1400. RNA extracted from gastric corpus biopsies was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing (MiSeq). Samples from normal stomachs and patients treated with PPIs demonstrated similarly high microbial diversity. Patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis also exhibited relatively high microbial diversity, but with samples dominated by Streptococcus. H. pylori colonisation was associated with decreased microbial diversity and reduced complexity of co-occurrence networks. H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis resulted in lower bacterial abundances and diversity, whereas autoimmune atrophic gastritis resulted in greater bacterial abundance and equally high diversity compared to normal stomachs. Pathway analysis suggested that glucose-6-phospahte1-dehydrogenase and D-lactate dehydrogenase were over represented in H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis versus autoimmune atrophic gastritis, and that both these groups showed increases in fumarate reductase. Autoimmune and H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis were associated with different gastric microbial profiles. PPI treated patients showed relatively few alterations in the gastric microbiota compared to healthy subjects. Different conditions such as autoimmune atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori associated atrophic gastritis are associated with different types of gastric cancer, specifically neuroendocrine tumours and adenocarcinoma. Both conditions result in reduced gastric acid secretion, potentially allowing non-H. pylori bacteria to colonise the stomach. However patients receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPI) experience similar levels of acid secretion, but do not develop gastric cancer. The aims of this study were to investigate the contribution of non-H. pylori microbiota to gastric tumour development in the presence of reduced gastric acid secretion. 16S rRNA sequencing identified relatively few alterations in the gastric microbiota in patients receiving PPI therapy, despite reduced acid secretion, but more substantial alterations in those patents who had atrophic gastritis. Significant differences were also found between the patients who had atrophic gastritis of autoimmune and H. pylori associated types. Differences in biochemical pathways that potentially contribute to gastric tumorigenesis were also predicted. This work increases understanding of the mechanisms involved in gastric tumour development, and demonstrates how non-H. pylori bacteria may be important. This work may eventually lead to the development of novel chemopreventive therapies for stomach cancer that are based on altering the composition of the gastric microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony N Parsons
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment University of Glasgow, School of Engineering, Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Rosalinda D'Amore
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Richard Eccles
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andrew R Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Neil Hall
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UNITED KINGDOM.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
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11
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Varga A, Kumar JD, Simpson AWM, Dodd S, Hegyi P, Dockray GJ, Varro A. Cell cycle dependent expression of the CCK2 receptor by gastrointestinal myofibroblasts: putative role in determining cell migration. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/19/e13394. [PMID: 29038353 PMCID: PMC5641928 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The well‐known action of the gastric hormone gastrin in stimulating gastric acid secretion is mediated by activation of cholecystokinin‐2 receptors (CCK2R). The latter are expressed by a variety of cell types suggesting that gastrin is implicated in multiple functions. During wound healing in the stomach CCK2R may be expressed by myofibroblasts. We have now characterized CCK2R expression in cultured myofibroblasts. Immunocytochemistry showed that a relatively small proportion (1–6%) of myofibroblasts expressed the receptor regardless of the region of the gut from which they were derived, or whether from cancer or control tissue. Activation of CCK2R by human heptadecapeptide gastrin (hG17) increased intracellular calcium concentrations in a small subset of myofibroblasts indicating the presence of a functional receptor. Unexpectedly, we found over 80% of cells expressing CCK2R were also labeled with 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) which is incorporated into DNA during S‐phase of the cell cycle. hG17 did not stimulate EdU incorporation but increased migration of both EdU‐labeled and unlabelled myofibroblasts; the migratory response was inhibited by a CCK2R antagonist and by an inhibitor of IGF receptor tyrosine kinase; hG17 also increased IGF‐2 transcript abundance. The data suggest myofibroblasts express CCK2R in a restricted period of the cell cycle during S‐phase, and that gastrin accelerates migration of these cells; it also stimulates migration of adjacent cells probably through paracrine release of IGF. Together with previous findings, the results raise the prospect that gastrin controls the position of dividing myofibroblasts which may be relevant in wound healing and cancer progression in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Varga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jothi Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alec W M Simpson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Dodd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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12
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Lim Y, Lee M, Jeong H, Kim H. Involvement of PI3K and MMP1 in PDGF-induced Migration of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:167-180. [PMID: 28785738 PMCID: PMC5532309 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human adult stem cells have widely been examined for their clinical application including their wound healing effect in vivo. To function as therapeutic cells, however, cells must represent the ability of directed migration in response to signals. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced migration of the human abdominal adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in vitro. A general matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor or a MMP2 inhibitor significantly inhibited the PDGF-induced migration. PDGF treatment exhibited greater mRNA level and denser protein level of MMP1. The conditioned medium of PDGF-treated cells showed a caseinolytic activity of MMP1. Transfection of cells with siRNA against MMP1 significantly inhibited MMP1 expression, its caseinolytic activity, and cell migration following PDGF treatment. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor reduced the migration by about 50% without affecting ERK and MLC proteins. Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor mostly abolished the migration and MLC proteins. The results suggest that PDGF might signal hADSCs through PI3K, and MMP1 activity could play an important role in this PDGF-induced migration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhwa Lim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Hyeju Jeong
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Haekwon Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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13
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Zhuang K, Zhang L, Zhang X, Tang H, Zhang J, Yan Y, Han K, Guo H. Gastrin induces multidrug resistance via the degradation of p27Kip1 in the gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2091-2100. [PMID: 28498440 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major reasons for the failure of chemotherapy-based gastric carcinoma (GC) treatments, hence, biologically based therapies are urgently needed. Gastrin (GAS), a key gastrointestinal (GI) hormone, was found to be involved in tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining analysis revealed a high level of expression of GAS in drug-insensitive GC tissues (P<0.01) and similar results were revealed in GC cell lines SGC7901 and its multidrug-resistant variants SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR. We constructed a eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1(+)/GAS for GAS overexpression and recombinant lentiviral vectors for specific siRNA (siGAS). Transfection of pCDNA3.1(+)/GAS increased (P<0.05) while transfection of siGAS (P<0.05) and co-treated with paclitaxel (TAX) and vincristine (VCR) combination (TAX-VCR) decreased (P<0.01) the cell viability of SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR. Apoptosis rates of SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR were reduced by pCDNA3.1(+)/GAS and increased by siGAS (P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of SGC7901/VCR, SGC7901/ADR and SGC7901 were all upregulated (P<0.01) when cells were co-treated with a combination of siGAS and TAX-VCR. Additionally, siGAS significantly downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and multidrug-resistant associate protein (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) (P<0.05) in SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR cells. Moreover, GAS overexpression in SGC7901 cells significantly inhibited p27Kip1 expression but increased phosphorylation levels of p27Kip1 on Thr (187) and Ser (10) sites (P<0.05), as well as increasing nuclear accumulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) and cytoplasmic accumulation of the Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex (KPC) (P<0.05). Silencing of Skp2 blocked the promoting effects of pCDNA3.1(+)/GAS on viability, the expression of MRP1 and Pgp and the inhibitory effects of pCDNA3.1(+)/GAS on apoptosis. In conclusion, we suggest that GAS contributes to the emergence of MDR of SGC7901 cells via the degradation of p27Kip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhuang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Kun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
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14
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Shawe-Taylor M, Kumar JD, Holden W, Dodd S, Varga A, Giger O, Varro A, Dockray GJ. Glucagon-like petide-2 acts on colon cancer myofibroblasts to stimulate proliferation, migration and invasion of both myofibroblasts and cancer cells via the IGF pathway. Peptides 2017; 91:49-57. [PMID: 28363795 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 stimulates intestinal epithelial proliferation by acting, in part, via IGF release from sub-epithelial myofibroblasts. The response of myofibroblasts to GLP-2 remains incompletely understood. We studied the action of GLP-2 on myofibroblasts from colon cancer and adjacent tissue, and the effects of conditioned medium from these cells on epithelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion. GLP-2 stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion of myofibroblasts and the proliferative and invasive responses of cancer-associated myofibroblasts were greater than those of myofibroblasts from adjacent tissue. The responses were inhibited by an IGF receptor inhibitor, AG1024. Conditioned medium from GLP-2 treated myofibroblasts increased proliferation, migration and invasion of SW480, HT29, LoVo epithelial cells and these responses were inhibited by AG1024; GLP-2 alone had no effect on these cells. In addition, when myofibroblasts and epithelial cells were co-cultured in Ibidi chambers there was mutual stimulation of migration in response to GLP-2. The latter increased both IGF-1 and IGF-2 transcript abundance in myofibroblasts. Moreover, a number of IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-4, -5, -7) were identified in myofibroblast medium; in the presence of GLP-2 there was increased abundance of the cleavage products of IGBBP-4 and IGFBP-5 suggesting activation of a degradation mechanism that might increase IGF bioavailability. The data suggest that GLP-2 stimulates cancer myofibroblast proliferation, migration and invasion; GLP-2 acts indirectly on epithelial cells partly via increased IGF expression in myofibroblasts and partly, perhaps, by increased bioavailability through degradation of IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Shawe-Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Whitney Holden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Dodd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Akos Varga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Olivier Giger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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15
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Proteolysis in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040134. [PMID: 28398251 PMCID: PMC5408208 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections with the human pathogen and class-I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are closely associated with the development of acute and chronic gastritis, ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) system. Disruption and depolarization of the epithelium is a hallmark of H. pylori-associated disorders and requires extensive modulation of epithelial cell surface structures. Hence, the complex network of controlled proteolysis which facilitates tissue homeostasis in healthy individuals is deregulated and crucially contributes to the induction and progression of gastric cancer through processing of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell surface receptors, membrane-bound cytokines, and lateral adhesion molecules. Here, we summarize the recent reports on mechanisms how H. pylori utilizes a variety of extracellular proteases, involving the proteases Hp0169 and high temperature requirement A (HtrA) of bacterial origin, and host matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). H. pylori-regulated proteases represent predictive biomarkers and attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer.
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16
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Interacting post-muscarinic receptor signaling pathways potentiate matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression and invasion of human colon cancer cells. Biochem J 2017; 474:647-665. [PMID: 28008134 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R) expression is increased in colon cancer; M3R activation stimulates colon cancer cell invasion via cross-talk with epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), post-EGFR activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) expression. MMP1 expression is strongly associated with tumor metastasis and adverse outcomes. Here, we asked whether other MAPKs regulate M3R agonist-induced MMP1 expression. In addition to activating ERK1/2, we found that treating colon cancer cells with acetylcholine (ACh) stimulated robust time- and dose-dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Unlike ERK1/2 activation, ACh-induced p38 phosphorylation was EGFR-independent and blocked by inhibiting protein kinase C-α (PKC-α). Inhibiting activation of PKC-α, EGFR, ERK1/2, or p38-α/β alone attenuated, but did not abolish ACh-induced MMP1 expression, a finding that predicted potentiating interactions between these pathways. Indeed, ACh-induced MMP1 expression was abolished by incubating cells with either an EGFR or MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor combined with a p38-α/β inhibitor. Activating PKC-α and EGFR directly with the combination of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and EGF potentiated MMP1 gene and protein expression, and cell invasion. PMA- and ACh-induced MMP1 expression were strongly diminished by inhibiting Src and abolished by concurrently inhibiting both p38-α/β and Src, indicating that Src mediates the cross-talk between PKC-α and EGFR signaling. Using siRNA knockdown, we identified p38-α as the relevant p38 isoform. Collectively, these studies uncover novel functional interactions between post-muscarinic receptor signaling pathways that augment MMP1 expression and drive colon cancer cell invasion; targeting these potentiating interactions has therapeutic potential.
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17
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Jiang H, Ma N, Shang Y, Zhou W, Chen T, Guan D, Li J, Wang J, Zhang E, Feng Y, Yin F, Yuan Y, Fang Y, Qiu L, Xie D, Wei D. Triosephosphate isomerase 1 suppresses growth, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1048-1053. [PMID: 27908734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is one of the most common and recognizable features of cancer. Triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), which catalyzes the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) during glycosis and gluconeogenesis, is a crucial enzyme in the carbohydrate metabolism. However, the biological function and mechanism of TPI1 in cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we have found that TPI1 expression was greatly decreased in clinical HCC samples, positively correlated with overall survival, and negatively associated with histological differentiation, tumor size and organ metastasis. Forced expression of TPI1 in HCC cells inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Consistently, knockdown of TPI1 by shRNA promoted cell growth, migration and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of TPI1 led to slowed tumor growth and decreased tumor weight in vivo. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest was induced by TPI1 overexpression. These phenotypes were associated with altered expression of β-catenin, Vimentin, P53, P27 and CyclinD1. Therefore, our data suggested that TPI1 functioned as a tumor suppressor in HCC and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Shang
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianwei Chen
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxian Guan
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erbin Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Yin
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Boyce M, Moore AR, Sagatun L, Parsons BN, Varro A, Campbell F, Fossmark R, Waldum HL, Pritchard DM. Netazepide, a gastrin/cholecystokinin-2 receptor antagonist, can eradicate gastric neuroendocrine tumours in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:466-475. [PMID: 27704617 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Netazepide, a gastrin/cholecystokinin 2 receptor antagonist, once daily for 12 weeks reduced the number of tumours and size of the largest one in 16 patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), achlorhydria, hypergastrinaemia and multiple gastric neuroendocrine tumours (type 1 gastric NETs), and normalized circulating chromogranin A (CgA) produced by enterochromaffin-like cells, the source of the tumours. The aim was to assess whether longer-term netazepide treatment can eradicate type 1 gastric NETs. METHODS After a mean 14 months off netazepide, 13 of the 16 patients took it for another 52 weeks. Assessments were: gastroscopy; gene-transcript expression in corpus biopsies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; blood CgA and gastrin concentrations; and safety assessments. RESULTS While off-treatment, the number of tumours, the size of the largest one, and CgA all increased again. Netazepide for 52 weeks: cleared all tumours in 5 patients; cleared all but one tumour in one patient; reduced the number of tumours and size of the largest one in the other patients; normalized CgA in all patients; and reduced mRNA abundances of CgA and histidine decarboxylase in biopsies. Gastrin did not increase further, confirming that the patients had achlorhydria. Netazepide was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A gastrin/cholecystokinin 2 receptor antagonist is a potential medical and targeted treatment for type 1 gastric NETs, and an alternative to regular gastroscopy or surgery. Treatment should be continuous because the tumours will regrow if it is stopped. Progress can be monitored by CgA in blood or biomarkers in mucosal biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Boyce
- Hammersmith Medicines Research, Cumberland Avenue, London, NW10 7EW, UK
| | - Andrew R Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Liv Sagatun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's Hospital, and the Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bryony N Parsons
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Reidar Fossmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's Hospital, and the Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helge L Waldum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's Hospital, and the Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
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Jiang YH, Fu P, Zou XR. Gastroscopic features and serum gastrin in schizophrenics taking long-term medication. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3325-3328. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i21.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the gastroscopic features and serum gastrin in schizophrenics taking long-term medication.
METHODS: Sixty schizophrenics with digestive diseases treated at our hospital were divided randomly and equally into two groups according to medication course (group A: < 0.5 year; group C (> 1 year). Diabetes or high blood pressure patients taking long-term medication were included as controls (group B). All patients underwent painless gastroscopy and examination of fasting serum gastrin.
RESULTS: The rates of bile reflux gastritis and gastric stasis were significantly higher in group C (34.37% and 30.21%, respectively) than in groups A and B (P < 0.05). The level of serum gastrin was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B (78.43 pg/mL ± 10.68 pg/mL vs 88.72 pg/mL ± 11.35 pg/mL, 90.14 pg/mL ± 9.57 pg/mL; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Schizophrenics taking long-term medication tend to develop bile reflux gastritis, gastric stasis and lowered serum gastrin.
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Bhandari S, Bakke I, Kumar J, Beisvag V, Sandvik AK, Thommesen L, Varro A, Nørsett KG. Connective tissue growth factor is activated by gastrin and involved in gastrin-induced migration and invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:119-24. [PMID: 27179776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been reported in gastric adenocarcinoma and in carcinoid tumors. The aim of this study was to explore a possible link between CTGF and gastrin in gastric epithelial cells and to study the role of CTGF in gastrin induced migration and invasion of AGS-GR cells. The effects of gastrin were studied using RT-qPCR, Western blot and assays for migration and invasion. We report an association between serum gastrin concentrations and CTGF abundancy in the gastric corpus mucosa of hypergastrinemic subjects and mice. We found a higher expression of CTGF in gastric mucosa tissue adjacent to tumor compared to normal control tissue. We showed that gastrin induced expression of CTGF in gastric epithelial AGS-GR cells via MEK, PKC and PKB/AKT pathways. CTGF inhibited gastrin induced migration and invasion of AGS-GR cells. We conclude that CTGF expression is stimulated by gastrin and involved in remodeling of the gastric epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Bhandari
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vidar Beisvag
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne K Sandvik
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Thommesen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin G Nørsett
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, Norway.
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The role of chemerin and ChemR23 in stimulating the invasion of squamous oesophageal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1152-9. [PMID: 27092781 PMCID: PMC4865978 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal cells, including cancer-associated myofibroblasts (CAMs), are recognised to be determinants of cancer progression, but the mechanisms remain uncertain. The chemokine-like protein, chemerin, is upregulated in oesophageal squamous cancer (OSC) CAMs compared with adjacent tissue myofibroblasts (ATMs). In this study, we hypothesised that chemerin stimulates OSC cell invasion. METHODS Expression of the chemerin receptor, ChemR23, in OSC was examined by immunohistochemistry. The invasion of OSC cells was studied using Boyden chambers and organotypic assays, and the role of chemerin was explored using siRNA, immunoneutralisation and a ChemR23 receptor antagonist. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were detected by western blot, enzyme assays or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry indicated expression of the putative chemerin receptor ChemR23 in OSC. It was also expressed in the OSC cell line, OE21. Chemerin stimulated OE21 cell migration and invasion in Boyden chambers. Conditioned medium (CM) from OSC CAMs also stimulated OE21 cell invasion and this was inhibited by chemerin immunoneutralisation, the ChemR23 antagonist CCX832, and by pretreatment of CAMs with chemerin siRNA. In organotypic cultures of OE21 cells on Matrigel seeded with either CAMs or ATMs, there was increased OE21 cell invasion by CAMs that was again inhibited by CCX832. Chemerin increased MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-3 abundance, and activity in OE21 cell media, and this was decreased by inhibiting protein kinase C and p44/42 MAPK kinase but not PI-3 kinase. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that OSC myofibroblasts release chemerin that stimulates OSC cell invasion. Treatments directed at inhibiting chemerin-ChemR23 interactions might be therapeutically useful in delaying progression in OSC.
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