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Fuke N, Yamashita T, Shimizu S, Matsumoto M, Sawada K, Jung S, Tokuda I, Misawa M, Suzuki S, Ushida Y, Mikami T, Itoh K, Suganuma H. Association of Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Concentration with Dietary Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Health Status in the Japanese General Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020250. [PMID: 36837869 PMCID: PMC9965710 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The influx of intestinal bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the blood has attracted attention as a cause of diseases. The aim of this study is investigating the associations between the influx of LPS, dietary factors, gut microbiota, and health status in the general adult population. Food/nutrient intake, gut microbiota, health status and plasma LPS-binding protein (LBP; LPS exposure indicator) were measured in 896 residents (58.1% female, mean age 54.7 years) of the rural Iwaki district of Japan, and each correlation was analyzed. As the results, plasma LBP concentration correlated with physical (right/left arms' muscle mass [β = -0.02, -0.03]), renal (plasma renin activity [β = 0.27], urine albumin creatinine ratio [β = 0.50]), adrenal cortical (cortisol [β = 0.14]), and thyroid function (free thyroxine [β = 0.05]), iron metabolism (serum iron [β = -0.14]), and markers of lifestyle-related diseases (all Qs < 0.20). Plasma LBP concentration were mainly negatively correlated with vegetables/their nutrients intake (all βs ≤ -0.004, Qs < 0.20). Plasma LBP concentration was positively correlated with the proportion of Prevotella (β = 0.32), Megamonas (β = 0.56), and Streptococcus (β = 0.65); and negatively correlated with Roseburia (β = -0.57) (all Qs < 0.20). Dietary factors correlated with plasma LBP concentration correlated with positively (all βs ≥ 0.07) or negatively (all βs ≤ -0.07) the proportion of these bacteria (all Qs < 0.20). Our results suggested that plasma LBP concentration in the Japanese general adult population was associated with various health issues, and that dietary habit was associated with plasma LBP concentration in relation to the intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Fuke
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-1573-5815
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Songee Jung
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Digital Nutrition and Health Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Itoyo Tokuda
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mina Misawa
- Center of Innovation Research Initiatives Organization, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shigenori Suzuki
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, KAGOME Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
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Chirumbolo S. May the concurrent use of indomethacin and an anti-oxidant in the SARS-CoV2 infection treatment induce an exacerbation of COVID-19? J Med Virol 2022; 94:4061-4062. [PMID: 35585007 PMCID: PMC9348426 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
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3
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Speisky H, Shahidi F, Costa de Camargo A, Fuentes J. Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010133. [PMID: 35052636 PMCID: PMC8772813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids display a broad range of health-promoting bioactivities. Among these, their capacity to act as antioxidants has remained most prominent. The canonical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mode of the antioxidant action of flavonoids relies on the high susceptibility of their phenolic moieties to undergo oxidation. As a consequence, upon reaction with ROS, the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids is severely compromised. Other phenol-compromising reactions, such as those involved in the biotransformation of flavonoids, can also markedly affect their antioxidant properties. In recent years, however, increasing evidence has indicated that, at least for some flavonoids, the oxidation of such residues can in fact markedly enhance their original antioxidant properties. In such apparent paradoxical cases, the antioxidant activity arises from the pro-oxidant and/or electrophilic character of some of their oxidation-derived metabolites and is exerted by activating the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, which upregulates the cell’s endogenous antioxidant capacity, and/or, by preventing the activation of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. This review focuses on the effects that the oxidative and/or non-oxidative modification of the phenolic groups of flavonoids may have on the ability of the resulting metabolites to promote direct and/or indirect antioxidant actions. Considering the case of a metabolite resulting from the oxidation of quercetin, we offer a comprehensive description of the evidence that increasingly supports the concept that, in the case of certain flavonoids, the oxidation of phenolics emerges as a mechanism that markedly amplifies their original antioxidant properties. An overlooked topic of great phytomedicine potential is thus unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
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4
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Fuentes J, Brunser O, Atala E, Herranz J, de Camargo AC, Zbinden-Foncea H, Speisky H. Protection against indomethacin-induced loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function by a quercetin oxidation metabolite present in onion peel: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108886. [PMID: 34670110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is directly implicated in the loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function (IEBF) induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Previous studies by our research team demonstrated that 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone (BZF), a quercetin oxidation metabolite that naturally occurs in onion peels, exhibits an antioxidant potency notably higher than quercetin. Thus, we assessed the potential of BZF and a BZF-rich onion peel aqueous extract (OAE) to protect against the loss of IEBF in Caco-2 cell monolayers and in rats exposed to indomethacin. In vitro, pure BZF and OAE standardized in BZF (100 nM), protected against the drop in transepithelial electrical resistance by 70 - 73%. Likewise, it prevented the increase in fluorescein-isothiocyanate labelled dextran (FITC-dextran) paracellular transport by 74% and oxidative stress by 84 - 86%. In vivo, BZF, given orally at a dose 80 µg/Kg bw as OAE, totally abolished a 30-fold increase in FITC-dextran serum concentration induced by indomethacin. This effect was dose-dependent and largely conserved (85%) when OAE was given 180-min prior to indomethacin. The IEBF-protective effect of OAE was accompanied by a full prevention of the NF-ĸB activation, and the increases in interleukine-8 secretion and myeloperoxidase activity induced by indomethacin. The protection was also associated with a 21-fold increase in Nrf2, and a 7-fold and 9-fold increase in heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1, respectively. The IEBF-protecting effect of OAE involves, most likely, its dual capacity to activate Nrf2 while inhibiting NF-ĸB activation. The extremely low doses of BZF needed to promote such actions warrants extending its IEBF-protective effects to other NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Fuentes
- School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Oscar Brunser
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elías Atala
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Herranz
- Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Hernán Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Fuentes J, de Camargo AC, Atala E, Gotteland M, Olea-Azar C, Speisky H. Quercetin Oxidation Metabolite Present in Onion Peel Protects Caco-2 Cells against the Oxidative Stress, NF-kB Activation, and Loss of Epithelial Barrier Function Induced by NSAIDs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2157-2167. [PMID: 33591188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone (BZF), a quercetin oxidation metabolite, and that of a BZF-rich onion peel aqueous extract (OAE) to protect Caco-2 monolayers against the oxidative stress (OS) and an increased permeability (IP) induced by five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (indomethacin, diclofenac, piroxicam, ibuprofen, and metamizole) were investigated. Under identical OS conditions, the NSAIDs substantially differed in their ability to induce an IP and/or NF-kB activation. The OAE (100 nM BZF) protected in identical magnitude (84-86%) against OS but in a highly dissimilar manner against the IP (18-73%). While all NSAIDs activated NF-kB, the OAE prevented only that induced by indomethacin. Results reveal that the IP has no direct relationship with the OS and that with the exception of indomethacin, the prevention of NSAIDs-induced OS and/or NF-kB activation plays no fundamental role in the IP-protecting effect of OAE. These results warrant the in vivo evaluation of OAE against indomethacin-induced loss of intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Elías Atala
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Claudio Olea-Azar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Hernán Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
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Zhang W, Gan D, Jian J, Huang C, Luo F, Wan S, Jiang M, Wan Y, Wang A, Li B, Zhu X. Protective Effect of Ursolic Acid on the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in a Rat Model of Liver Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:956. [PMID: 31417419 PMCID: PMC6682626 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) plays an important role in intestinal mucosal barrier damage in various disease states. Recent evidence suggests that intestinal mucosal barrier damage and intestinal dysbiosis occur in mice with hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 or bile duct ligation. Another study showed that ursolic acid (UA) attenuates experimental colitis via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of UA on the intestinal mucosal barrier in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and identify its associated mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 3 groups (n = 10/group): the control, CCl4 model and UA treatment groups. Rats were sacrificed at 72 h after the hepatic fibrosis model was established and assessed for liver fibrosis, intestinal injury, enterocyte apoptosis, bacterial translocation, system inflammation, intestinal oxidative stress, and tight junction protein and NOX protein expression. The results demonstrated that UA attenuated the following: (i) liver and intestinal pathological injury; (ii) cleaved caspase-3 expression in the ileal epithelial cells; (iii) serum lipopolysaccharide and procalcitonin levels; (iv) intestinal malondialdehyde levels; and (v) the expression of the NOX protein components NOX2 and P67phox in ileal tissues. Furthermore, our results suggested that UA improved intestinal dysbiosis and the expression of the tight junction proteins Claudin 1 and Occludin in the ileum of rats. These results indicate that UA has protective effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting intestinal NOX-mediated oxidative stress. Our findings may provide a basis for further clinical studies of UA as a novel and adjuvant treatment to cure liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dakai Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Liver Disease, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Jian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fangyun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sizhe Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meichun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yipeng Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Anjiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bimin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Puerari RC, Ferrari E, de Cezar MG, Gonçalves RA, Simioni C, Ouriques LC, Vicentini DS, Matias WG. Investigation of toxicological effects of amorphous silica nanostructures with amine-functionalized surfaces on Vero cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:679-687. [PMID: 30292050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous silica (SiO2) nanostructures are described in the literature as having low toxicity and are widely used in many industrial products. However, surface modifications, such as amine-functionalization, can result in increased cytotoxicity. In this study, amorphous SiO2 nanostructures (SiO2 NS) were synthesized and amine-functionalized with two different amine molecules: primary (SiO2 NS@1) and tri-amine (SiO2 NS@3). The materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential (ZP), effective diameter (ED) and surface area measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The toxicity of the three SiO2 NS samples toward Vero cells was evaluated. According to the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, the IC50,24h was 1.477 ± 0.12 g L-1 for SiO2 NS, 0.254 ± 0.07 g L-1 for SiO2 NS@1 and 0.117 ± 0.05 g L-1 for SiO2 NS@3. The order of cytotoxicity was SiO2 NS@3 > SiO2 NS@1 » SiO2 NS. There was an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and ROS productions in the cells exposed to all three materials. Also, TEM images showed damage on the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa Puerari
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Emeline Ferrari
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Martina Garcia de Cezar
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Renata Amanda Gonçalves
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luciane Cristina Ouriques
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Denice Schulz Vicentini
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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8
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The relationship between vitamin C status, the gut-liver axis, and metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101091. [PMID: 30640128 PMCID: PMC6327911 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors, which together predict increased risk of more serious chronic diseases. We propose that one consequence of dietary overnutrition is increased abundance of Gram-negative bacteria in the gut that cause increased inflammation, impaired gut function, and endotoxemia that further dysregulate the already compromised antioxidant vitamin status in MetS. This discussion is timely because "healthy" individuals are no longer the societal norm and specialized dietary requirements are needed for the growing prevalence of MetS. Further, these lines of evidence provide the foundational basis for investigation that poor vitamin C status promotes endotoxemia, leading to metabolic dysfunction that impairs vitamin E trafficking through a mechanism involving the gut-liver axis. This report will establish a critical need for translational research aimed at validating therapeutic approaches to manage endotoxemia-an early, but inflammation-inducing phenomenon, which not only occurs in MetS, but is also prognostic of more advanced metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the increasing severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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9
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Sharkey KA, Beck PL, McKay DM. Neuroimmunophysiology of the gut: advances and emerging concepts focusing on the epithelium. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:765-784. [PMID: 30069036 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract serves as the interface for digestion and absorption of nutrients and water and as a defensive barrier. The defensive functions of the intestinal epithelium are remarkable considering that the gut lumen is home to trillions of resident bacteria, fungi and protozoa (collectively, the intestinal microbiota) that must be prevented from translocation across the epithelial barrier. Imbalances in the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the host lead to the manifestation of diseases that range from disorders of motility and sensation (IBS) and intestinal inflammation (IBD) to behavioural and metabolic disorders, including autism and obesity. The latest discoveries shed light on the sophisticated intracellular, intercellular and interkingdom signalling mechanisms of host defence that involve epithelial and enteroendocrine cells, the enteric nervous system and the immune system. Together, they maintain homeostasis by integrating luminal signals, including those derived from the microbiota, to regulate the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease. Therapeutic strategies are being developed that target these signalling systems to improve the resilience of the gut and treat the symptoms of gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Paul L Beck
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek M McKay
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Ganda Mall JP, Löfvendahl L, Lindqvist CM, Brummer RJ, Keita ÅV, Schoultz I. Differential effects of dietary fibres on colonic barrier function in elderly individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13404. [PMID: 30194322 PMCID: PMC6128877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal problems are common in elderly and often associated with psychological distress and increased levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone, a hormone known to cause mast cell (MC) degranulation and perturbed intestinal barrier function. We investigated if dietary fibres (non-digestible polysaccharides [NPS]) could attenuate MC-induced colonic hyperpermeability in elderly with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Colonic biopsies from elderly with diarrhoea and/or constipation (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 19) were mounted in Ussing chambers and pre-stimulated with a yeast-derived beta (β)-glucan (0.5 mg/ml) or wheat-derived arabinoxylan (0.1 mg/ml) before the addition of the MC-degranulator Compound (C) 48/80 (10 ng/ml). Permeability markers were compared pre and post exposure to C48/80 in both groups and revealed higher baseline permeability in elderly with GI symptoms. β-glucan significantly attenuated C48/80-induced hyperpermeability in elderly with GI symptoms but not in healthy controls. Arabinoxylan reduced MC-induced paracellular and transcellular hyperpermeability across the colonic mucosa of healthy controls, but did only attenuate transcellular permeability in elderly with GI symptoms. Our novel findings indicate that NPS affect the intestinal barrier differently depending on the presence of GI symptoms and could be important in the treatment of moderate constipation and/or diarrhoea in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Ganda Mall
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Nutrition and physical activity research centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - L Löfvendahl
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - C M Lindqvist
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - R J Brummer
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Å V Keita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - I Schoultz
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Nutrition and physical activity research centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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11
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Rashid S, Idris-Khodja N, Auger C, Kevers C, Pincemail J, Alhosin M, Boehm N, Oswald-Mammosser M, Schini-Kerth VB. Polyphenol-Rich Blackcurrant Juice Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction in the Mesenteric Artery of Cirrhotic Rats with Portal Hypertension: Role of Oxidative Stress and the Angiotensin System. J Med Food 2018; 21:390-399. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sherzad Rashid
- UMR CNRS 7213 Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Noureddine Idris-Khodja
- UMR CNRS 7213 Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Cyril Auger
- UMR CNRS 7213 Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Claire Kevers
- Plant and Biology Institute, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joël Pincemail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and CREDEC, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- UMR CNRS 7213 Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nelly Boehm
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Federation of Translational Medicine in Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Oswald-Mammosser
- UMR CNRS 7213 Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Physiology and Pulmonary Function Tests, Chest Diseases, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie B. Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213 Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Lopes F, Keita ÅV, Saxena A, Reyes JL, Mancini NL, Al Rajabi A, Wang A, Baggio CH, Dicay M, van Dalen R, Ahn Y, Carneiro MBH, Peters NC, Rho JM, MacNaughton WK, Girardin SE, Jijon H, Philpott DJ, Söderholm JD, McKay DM. ER-stress mobilization of death-associated protein kinase-1-dependent xenophagy counteracts mitochondria stress-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3073-3087. [PMID: 29317503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome contributes to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in which bacteria can be present within the epithelium. Epithelial barrier function is decreased in IBD, and dysfunctional epithelial mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been individually associated with IBD. We therefore hypothesized that the combination of ER and mitochondrial stresses significantly disrupt epithelial barrier function. Here, we treated human colonic biopsies, epithelial colonoids, and epithelial cells with an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, dinitrophenol (DNP), with or without the ER stressor tunicamycin and assessed epithelial barrier function by monitoring internalization and translocation of commensal bacteria. We also examined barrier function and colitis in mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or DNP and co-treated with DAPK6, an inhibitor of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). Contrary to our hypothesis, induction of ER stress (i.e. the unfolded protein response) protected against decreased barrier function caused by the disruption of mitochondrial function. ER stress did not prevent DNP-driven uptake of bacteria; rather, specific mobilization of the ATF6 arm of ER stress and recruitment of DAPK1 resulted in enhanced autophagic killing (xenophagy) of bacteria. Of note, epithelia with a Crohn's disease-susceptibility mutation in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 exhibited less xenophagy. Systemic delivery of the DAPK1 inhibitor DAPK6 increased bacterial translocation in DSS- or DNP-treated mice. We conclude that promoting ER stress-ATF6-DAPK1 signaling in transporting enterocytes counters the transcellular passage of bacteria evoked by dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby reducing the potential for metabolic stress to reactivate or perpetuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lopes
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Åsa V Keita
- the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden, and
| | - Alpana Saxena
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Jose Luis Reyes
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Nicole L Mancini
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Ala Al Rajabi
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Arthur Wang
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Cristiane H Baggio
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Michael Dicay
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Rob van Dalen
- the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and
| | - Younghee Ahn
- the Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Matheus B H Carneiro
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Nathan C Peters
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- the Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | | | - Humberto Jijon
- Medicine, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden, and
| | - Derek M McKay
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
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Saxena A, Lopes F, Poon KKH, McKay DM. Absence of the NOD2 protein renders epithelia more susceptible to barrier dysfunction due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G26-G38. [PMID: 28450277 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00070.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Irregular mitochondria structure and reduced ATP in some patients with IBD suggest that metabolic stress contributes to disease. Loss-of-function mutation in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-2 gene is a major susceptibility trait for IBD. Hence, we assessed if loss of NOD2 further impairs the epithelial barrier function instigated by disruption of mitochondrial ATP synthesis via the hydrogen ionophore dinitrophenol (DNP). NOD2 protein (virtually undetectable in epithelia under basal conditions) was increased in T84 (human colon cell line) cells treated with noninvasive Escherichia coli + DNP (16 h). Increased intracellular bacteria in wild-type (WT) and NOD2 knockdown (KD) cells and colonoids from NOD2-/- mice were mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the MAPK ERK1/2 pathways as determined by cotreatment with the antioxidant mitoTEMPO and the ERK inhibitor U0126: ROS was upstream of ERK1/2 activation. Despite increased E. coli in DNP-treated NOD2 KD compared with WT cells, there were no differences in the internalization of fluorescent inert beads or dead E. coli particles. This suggests that lack of killing in the NOD2 KD cells was responsible for the increased numbers of viable intracellular bacteria; a conclusion supported by evidence of reduced autophagy in NOD2 KD T84 epithelia. Thus, in a two-hit hypothesis, decreased barrier function due to dysfunctional mitochondrial is amplified by lack of NOD2 in transporting enterocytes: subsequently, greater numbers of bacteria entering the mucosa would be a significant inflammatory threat especially since individuals with NOD2 mutations have compromised macrophage and Paneth cell responses to bacteria.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased internalization of bacteria by epithelia with dysfunctional mitochondria (reduced ATP) is potentiated if the cells lack nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), mutations in which are inflammatory bowel disease-susceptibility traits. Uptake of bacteria was dependent on reactive oxygen species and MAP-kinase activity, and the increased viable intracellular bacteria in NOD2-/- cells likely reflect a reduced ability to recognize and kill bacteria. Thus a significant barrier defect occurs with NOD2 deficiency in conjunction with metabolic stress that could contribute to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Saxena
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fernando Lopes
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen K H Poon
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Ferretti E, Tremblay E, Thibault MP, Grynspan D, Burghardt KM, Bettolli M, Babakissa C, Levy E, Beaulieu JF. The nitric oxide synthase 2 pathway is targeted by both pro- and anti-inflammatory treatments in the immature human intestine. Nitric Oxide 2017; 66:53-61. [PMID: 28315470 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM NO synthase 2 (NOS2) was recently identified as one the most overexpressed genes in intestinal samples of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NOS2 is widely implicated in the processes of epithelial cell injury/apoptosis and host immune defense but its specific role in inflammation of the immature human intestinal mucosa remains unclear. Interestingly, factors that prevent NEC such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuate the inflammatory response in the mid-gestation human small intestine using serum-free organ culture while drugs that are associated with NEC occurrence such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin (INDO), exert multiple detrimental effects on the immature human intestine. In this study we investigate the potential role of NOS2 in modulating the gut inflammatory response under protective and stressful conditions by determining the expression profile of NOS2 and its downstream pathways in the immature intestine. METHODS Gene expression profiles of cultured mid-gestation human intestinal explants were investigated in the absence or presence of a physiological concentration of EGF (50 ng/ml) or 1 μM INDO for 48 h using Illumina whole genome microarrays, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and quantitative PCR to investigate the expression of NOS2 and NOS2-pathway related genes. RESULTS In the immature intestine, NOS2 expression was found to be increased by EGF and repressed by INDO. Bioinformatic analysis identified differentially regulated pathways where NOS2 is known to play an important role including citrulline/arginine metabolism, epithelial cell junctions and oxidative stress. At the individual gene level, we identified many differentially expressed genes of the citrulline/arginine metabolism pathway such as ARG1, ARG2, GLS, OAT and OTC in response to EGF and INDO. Gene expression of tight junction components such as CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN7 and OCN and of antioxidant markers such as DUOX2, GPX2, SOD2 were also found to be differentially modulated by EGF and INDO. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the protective effect of EGF and the deleterious influence of INDO on the immature intestine could be mediated via regulation of NOS2. Pathways downstream of NOS2 involved with these effects include metabolism linked to NO production, epithelial barrier permeability and antioxidant expression. These results suggest that NOS2 is a likely regulator of the inflammatory response in the immature human gut and may provide a mechanistic basis for the protective effect of EGF and the deleterious effects of INDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ferretti
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eric Tremblay
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibault
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karolina M Burghardt
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcos Bettolli
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Corentin Babakissa
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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Rai N, Sarkar M, Raha S. Piroxicam, a traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) causes apoptosis by ROS mediated Akt activation. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1215-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Arrigo T, Leonardi S, Cuppari C, Manti S, Lanzafame A, D’Angelo G, Gitto E, Marseglia L, Salpietro C. Role of the diet as a link between oxidative stress and liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:384-95. [PMID: 25593454 PMCID: PMC4292270 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (free radicals) and the body's ability (antioxidant capacity) to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. An adequate diet, characterized by daily intake of foods associated with improvements in the total antioxidant capacity of individuals and reduced incidence of diseases related to oxidation, can modulate the degree of oxidative stress. In fact, diet-derived micronutrients may be direct antioxidants, or are components of antioxidant enzymes, leading to improvement of some indicators of hepatic function. However, although their increased dietary intake might be beneficial, literature data are still controversial. This review summarizes what is known about the effects of diet nutrients on oxidative stress, inflammation and liver function. Moreover, we have analyzed: (1) the main nutritional components involved in the production and/or removal of free radicals; and (2) the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of several hepatic diseases and related comorbidities.
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Kume H, Okazaki K, Takahashi T, Yamaji T. Protective effect of an immune-modulating diet comprising whey peptides and fermented milk products on indomethacin-induced small-bowel disorders in rats. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:1140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang A, Keita ÅV, Phan V, McKay CM, Schoultz I, Lee J, Murphy MP, Fernando M, Ronaghan N, Balce D, Yates R, Dicay M, Beck PL, MacNaughton WK, Söderholm JD, McKay DM. Targeting mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species to reduce epithelial barrier dysfunction and colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2516-27. [PMID: 25034594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial permeability is often increased in inflammatory bowel diseases. We hypothesized that perturbed mitochondrial function would cause barrier dysfunction and hence epithelial mitochondria could be targeted to treat intestinal inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction was induced in human colon-derived epithelial cell lines or colonic biopsy specimens using dinitrophenol, and barrier function was assessed by transepithelial flux of Escherichia coli with or without mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) cotreatment. The impact of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants on gut permeability and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice was tested. Mitochondrial superoxide evoked by dinitrophenol elicited significant internalization and translocation of E. coli across epithelia and control colonic biopsy specimens, which was more striking in Crohn's disease biopsy specimens; the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoTEMPO, inhibited these barrier defects. Increased gut permeability and reduced epithelial mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel expression were observed 3 days after DSS. These changes and the severity of DSS-colitis were reduced by MitoTEMPO treatment. In vitro DSS-stimulated IL-8 production by epithelia was reduced by MitoTEMPO. Metabolic stress evokes significant penetration of commensal bacteria across the epithelium, which is mediated by mitochondria-derived superoxide acting as a signaling, not a cytotoxic, molecule. MitoTEMPO inhibited this barrier dysfunction and suppressed colitis in DSS-colitis, likely via enhancing barrier function and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production. These novel findings support consideration of MTAs in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Van Phan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ida Schoultz
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, the Faculty of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Joshua Lee
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Maria Fernando
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalie Ronaghan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dale Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Dicay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Wiest R, Lawson M, Geuking M. Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2014; 60:197-209. [PMID: 23993913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Wiest
- Department Gastroenterology, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Melissa Lawson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Markus Geuking
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
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21
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Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on enterocyte apoptosis and intracellular signalling pathways' response to oxidative stress in weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1938-47. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) has been widely used for preventing reactive oxygen species-induced damage. However, little is known as to whether dietary NAC supplementation would alleviate intestinal injury in weaned piglets. The present study evaluated the effect of NAC on enterocyte apoptosis and intracellular signalling pathways' response to weaning stress. The control piglets were normally suckling, and piglets in the weaning and NAC groups were fed the basal diet and basal+NAC diet from 14 to 25 d of age, respectively. Compared with the control piglets, weaning increased cortisol concentrations (P< 0·05), decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities (P< 0·05), increased malondialdehyde content (P< 0·05) in serum and enhanced enterocyte apoptosis index (AI) and concentrations of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 (P< 0·05). Gene expression analyses indicated that weaning induced apoptosis via Fas signalling and mitochondrial pathways in weaned piglets. Dietary NAC supplementation decreased (P< 0·05) cortisol concentrations and the AI, increased (P< 0·05) antioxidant status in serum and alleviated histopathological changes in the intestine. It also inhibited Fas, caspase-3, caspase-8 and integrin αvβ6 (αvβ6) gene expressions in the NAC-treated piglets. However, no significant decrease (P>0·10) in caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 concentrations was observed in the NAC group compared with the weaning group. In conclusion, weaning may induce enterocyte apoptosis via the activation of Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Although NAC had no effect on caspase concentrations, it was clearly beneficial for preserving morphological integrity in weaned piglets via the regulation of cell apoptosis and the inhibition of Fas-dependent apoptosis and αvβ6 expression.
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Perron N, Tremblay E, Ferretti E, Babakissa C, Seidman EG, Levy E, Ménard D, Beaulieu JF. Deleterious effects of indomethacin in the mid-gestation human intestine. Genomics 2012; 101:171-7. [PMID: 23261704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (INDO) in preterm infants has been associated with an increased risk of developing enteropathies. In this study, we have investigated the direct impact of INDO on the human mid-gestation intestinal transcriptome using serum-free organ culture. After determining the optimal dose of 1 μM of INDO (90% inhibition of intestinal prostaglandin E2 production and range of circulating levels in treated preterm babies), global gene expression profiles were determined using Illumina bead chip microarrays in both small and large intestines after 48 h of INDO treatment. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, we identified critical metabolic pathways that were significantly altered by INDO in both intestinal segments including inflammation and also glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and free radical scavenging/oxidoreductase activity, which were confirmed by qPCR at the level of individual genes. Taken together, these data revealed that INDO directly exerts multiple detrimental effects on the immature human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Perron
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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