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Peek CT, Ford CA, Eichelberger KR, Jacobse J, Torres TP, Maseda D, Latour YL, Piazuelo MB, Johnson JR, Byndloss MX, Wilson KT, Rathmell JC, Goettel JA, Cassat JE. Intestinal Inflammation Promotes MDL-1 + Osteoclast Precursor Expansion to Trigger Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Loss. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:731-750. [PMID: 35835390 PMCID: PMC9420375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by severe gastrointestinal inflammation, but many patients experience extra-intestinal disease. Bone loss is one common extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD that occurs through dysregulated interactions between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Systemic inflammation has been postulated to contribute to bone loss, but the specific pathologic mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that intestinal inflammation leads to bone loss through increased abundance and altered function of osteoclast progenitors. METHODS We used chemical, T cell driven, and infectious models of intestinal inflammation to determine the impact of intestinal inflammation on bone volume, the skeletal cytokine environment, and the cellular changes to pre-osteoclast populations within bone marrow. Additionally, we evaluated the potential for monoclonal antibody treatment against an inflammation-induced osteoclast co-receptor, myeloid DNAX activation protein 12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1) to reduce bone loss during colitis. RESULTS We observed significant bone loss across all models of intestinal inflammation. Bone loss was associated with an increase in pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines within the bone and an expansion of a specific Cd11b-/loLy6Chi osteoclast precursor (OCP) population. Intestinal inflammation led to altered OCP expression of surface receptors involved in osteoclast differentiation and function, including the pro-osteoclastogenic co-receptor MDL-1. OCPs isolated from mice with intestinal inflammation demonstrated enhanced osteoclast differentiation ex vivo compared to controls, which was abrogated by anti-MDL-1 antibody treatment. Importantly, in vivo anti-MDL-1 antibody treatment ameliorated bone loss during intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data implicate the pathologic expansion and altered function of OCPs expressing MDL-1 in bone loss during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Peek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Caleb A. Ford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kara R. Eichelberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Teresa P. Torres
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Damian Maseda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yvonne L. Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joshua R. Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mariana X. Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Dr Jim Cassat, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1035 Light Hall, 2215-B Garland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232. tel: (615) 936-6494.
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Al Saedi A, Sharma S, Bani Hassan E, Chen L, Ghasem-Zadeh A, Hassanzadeganroudsari M, Gooi JH, Stavely R, Eri R, Miao D, Nurgali K, Duque G. Characterization of Skeletal Phenotype and Associated Mechanisms With Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in the Winnie Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:259-272. [PMID: 34347076 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, studies have been scarce, mainly because of the lack of an appropriate animal model of colitis-associated bone loss. In this study, we aimed to decipher skeletal manifestations in the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis, which carries a MUC2 gene mutation and closely replicates ulcerative colitis. In our study, Winnie mice, prior to the colitis onset at 6 weeks old and progression at 14 and 24 weeks old, were compared with age-matched C57BL/6 controls. We studied several possible mechanisms involved in colitis-associated bone loss. METHODS We assessed for bone quality (eg, microcomputed tomography [micro-CT], static and dynamic histomorphometry, 3-point bending, and ex vivo bone marrow analysis) and associated mechanisms (eg, electrochemical recordings for gut-derived serotonin levels, real-time polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR], double immunofluorescence microscopy, intestinal inflammation levels by lipocalin-2 assay, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D) from Winnie (6-24 weeks) and age-matched C57BL6 mice. RESULTS Deterioration in trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture, reductions in bone formation, mineral apposition rate, bone volume/total volume, osteoid volume/bone surface, and bone strength were observed in Winnie mice compared with controls. Decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast numbers were prominent in Winnie mice compared with controls. Upregulation of 5-HTR1B gene and increased association of FOXO1 with ATF4 complex were identified as associated mechanisms concomitant to overt inflammation and high levels of gut-derived serotonin in 14-week and 24-week Winnie mice. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal phenotype of the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis closely represents manifestations of IBD-associated osteoporosis/osteopenia. The onset and progression of intestinal inflammation are associated with increased gut-derived serotonin level, increased bone resorption, and decreased bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Bani Hassan
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Ghasem-Zadeh
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan H Gooi
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Qin Q, Yan S, Yang Y, Chen J, Yan H, Li T, Gao X, Wang Y, Li A, Wang S, Ding S. The Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Intestinal Microbes in the Henan Province of China. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752990. [PMID: 34869341 PMCID: PMC8638085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease in the elderly, and China is entering an aging demographic trend. In recent years, increasing evidence has demonstrated that probiotics can treat osteoporosis. This study aimed to explore the relevant mechanisms and to validate the beneficial effect on osteoporosis by high-throughput metagenome-wide gene sequencing in humans. In this study, compared with controls, several species had altered abundances, and specific functional pathways were found in the OP group. At the species level, the species that had increased in OP individuals were positively correlated to bone resorption markers and negatively correlated to 25-OH-D3 and bone formation markers, with Streptococcus sanguinis showing the strongest relevance, followed by Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Olsenella unclassified. Additionally, Actinomyces graevenitzii, enriched in the OP group, was positively correlated to inflammation indicators that included white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count (NEC), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p < 0.05). Conversely, the levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides eggerthii, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides uniformis, and Butyricimonas synergistic were increased in the control group, which had a negative correlation with bone resorption markers and positive correlation with bone formation markers and 25-OH-D3. Additionally, Bacteroides fragilis had a negative correlation with inflammation indicators (WBC, NEC, and NLR) and the above pathways (p < 0.05). Functional prediction revealed that 106 metabolic pathways, enriched in the OP group, were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). In particular, pathways related to LPS biosynthesis, phytate degradation, lactate acid, and ethanol fermentation were more abundant in the OP group than in the control and were positively related to WBC and NEC. Taken together, several species with altered abundances and specific functional pathways were found in OP individuals. The role of phytases in OP provides novel epidemiological evidence to elucidate the underlying microbiota-relevant mechanisms in bone mineralization and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su Yan
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Yan
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shoujun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suying Ding
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Rajput S, Mehta P, Mittal M, Rajender S, Chattopadhyay N. Human Relevance of Preclinical Studies on the Skeletal Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:708-724. [PMID: 33558960 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relapsing chronic idiopathic inflammatory condition. The increased risks of fractures in the spine and decreased BMD at all weight-bearing skeletal sites have been reported in IBD patients. The understanding of the mechanisms of IBD-induced bone loss is far from complete. Appropriate animal models are a prerequisite for studying IBD-induced bone loss, which prompted us to undertake quantitative meta-analyses by pooling data from the available IBD models that assessed various bone parameters. Sufficient data for meta-analysis are obtained from chemically- but not genetically induced models. Among the chemically induced models, only the effects of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) on bone parameters have been reported. Meta-analysis showed that both DSS (Hedge's g = 2.124, p = 0.001) and TNBS (Hedge's g = 6.292, p = 0.000) increased inflammatory disease severity. In pooled analysis, bone volumes in femur (Hedge's g = - 3.42, p = 0.000) and tibia (Hedge's g = - 2.49, p = 0.000) showed significant losses upon DSS administration. Similarly, bone formation rate was significantly reduced upon IBD induction (Hedge's g = - 3.495, p = 0.006). Besides, cortical thickness was reduced and trabecular microstructure deteriorated by IBD induction. Insufficient data precluded us from determining the effect of IBD on bone strength and calciotropic hormones, as well as the impact of proinflammatory cytokines on bone turnover. This meta-analysis showed that IBD induction in rodents causes significant bone loss. Impaired osteoblast function appears to be the cause of this impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Poonam Mehta
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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5
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Eor JY, Tan PL, Son YJ, Lee CS, Kim SH. Milk products fermented by
Lactobacillus
strains modulate the gut–bone axis in an ovariectomised murine model. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Eor
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources Korea University Seoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Pei Lei Tan
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Son
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources Korea University Seoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Chul Sang Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources Korea University Seoul136‐713South Korea
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6
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Schepper JD, Collins F, Rios-Arce ND, Kang HJ, Schaefer L, Gardinier JD, Raghuvanshi R, Quinn RA, Britton R, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Involvement of the Gut Microbiota and Barrier Function in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:801-820. [PMID: 31886921 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent immune-modulating drugs with significant side effects, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). GCs directly induce osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis but also alter intestinal microbiota composition. Although the gut microbiota is known to contribute to the regulation of bone density, its role in GIO has never been examined. To test this, male C57/Bl6J mice were treated for 8 weeks with GC (prednisolone, GC-Tx) in the presence or absence of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (ABX) to deplete the microbiota. Long-term ABX prevented GC-Tx-induced trabecular bone loss, showing the requirement of gut microbiota for GIO. Treatment of GC-Tx mice with a probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri [LR]) prevented trabecular bone loss. Microbiota analyses indicated that GC-Tx changed the abundance of Verrucomicobiales and Bacteriodales phyla and random forest analyses indicated significant differences in abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Clostridiales operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between groups. Furthermore, transplantation of GC-Tx mouse fecal material into recipient naïve, untreated WT mice caused bone loss, supporting a functional role for microbiota in GIO. We also report that GC caused intestinal barrier breaks, as evidenced by increased serum endotoxin level (2.4-fold), that were prevented by LR and ABX treatments. Enhancement of barrier function with a mucus supplement prevented both GC-Tx-induced barrier leakage and trabecular GIO. In bone, treatment with ABX, LR or a mucus supplement reduced GC-Tx-induced osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis. GC-Tx suppression of Wnt10b in bone was restored by the LR and high-molecular-weight polymer (MDY) treatments as well as microbiota depletion. Finally, we identified that bone-specific Wnt10b overexpression prevented GIO. Taken together, our data highlight the previously unappreciated involvement of the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in trabecular GIO pathogenesis (including Wnt10b suppression and osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis) and identify the gut as a novel therapeutic target for preventing GIO. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraser Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ho Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ruma Raghuvanshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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Mechanisms Underlying Bone Loss Associated with Gut Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246323. [PMID: 31847438 PMCID: PMC6940820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with gastrointestinal diseases frequently suffer from skeletal abnormality, characterized by reduced bone mineral density, increased fracture risk, and/or joint inflammation. This pathological process is characterized by altered immune cell activity and elevated inflammatory cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment due to disrupted gut immune response. Gastrointestinal disease is recognized as an immune malfunction driven by multiple factors, including cytokines and signaling molecules. However, the mechanism by which intestinal inflammation magnified by gut-residing actors stimulates bone loss remains to be elucidated. In this article, we discuss the main risk factors potentially contributing to intestinal disease-associated bone loss, and summarize current animal models, illustrating gut-bone axis to bridge the gap between intestinal inflammation and skeletal disease.
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8
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Metzger CE, Narayanan SA, Elizondo JP, Carter AM, Zawieja DC, Hogan HA, Bloomfield SA. DSS-induced colitis produces inflammation-induced bone loss while irisin treatment mitigates the inflammatory state in both gut and bone. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15144. [PMID: 31641205 PMCID: PMC6805923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to lack of bone accrual, bone loss, and increased fractures. Presently there is no cure, and many IBD treatments incur negative side effects. We previously discovered treatment with exogenous irisin resolved inflammatory changes in the colon, gut lymphatics, and bone in a mild IBD rodent model. Here we assess irisin treatment in severe IBD induced via dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Male Sprague Dawley rats (2-mo-old) were untreated (Con) or given 2% DSS in drinking water. In week two, half of each group (Con + Ir and DSS + Ir) received injections of recombinant irisin (i.p., 2x/wk). After 4 weeks, gut inflammation was associated with declines in bone mineral density and cancellous bone volume. Furthermore, elevated osteocyte TNF-α, interleukin-6, RANKL, OPG, and sclerostin corresponded with higher osteoclast surfaces and lower bone formation rate in DSS animals as well as lower ultimate load. While irisin treatment improved colon inflammation, there were no improvements in bone density or bone mechanical properties; however, irisin elevated bone formation rate, decreased osteoclast surfaces, and reduced osteocyte pro-inflammatory factors. These data highlight the negative impact of chronic gut inflammation on bone as well as the therapeutic potential of irisin as an anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - S Anand Narayanan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University - Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA.
| | - Jon P Elizondo
- Departments of Mechanical/Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Anne Michal Carter
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University - Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Harry A Hogan
- Departments of Mechanical/Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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9
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Collins FL, Stone MD, Turton J, McCabe LR, Wang ECY, Williams AS. Oestrogen-deficiency induces bone loss by modulating CD14 + monocyte and CD4 + T cell DR3 expression and serum TL1A levels. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:326. [PMID: 31299941 PMCID: PMC6626337 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oestrogen-deficiency induced by menopause is associated with reduced bone density and primary osteoporosis, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. While the exact etiology of menopause-induced primary osteoporotic bone loss is not fully known, members of the tumour necrosis factor super family (TNFSF) are known to play a role. Recent studies have revealed that the TNFSF members death receptor 3 (DR3) and one of its ligands, TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) have a key role in secondary osteoporosis; enhancing CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Whether DR3 and TL1A contribute towards bone loss in menopause-induced primary osteoporosis however, remains unknown. Methods To investigate this we performed flow cytometry analysis of DR3 expression on CD14+ PBMCs isolated from pre- and early post-menopausal females and late post-menopausal osteoporotic patients. Serum levels of TL1A, CCL3 and total MMP-9 were measured by ELISA. In vitro osteoclast differentiation assays were performed to determine CD14+ monocyte osteoclastogenic potential. In addition, splenic CD4+ T cell DR3 expression was investigated 1 week and 8 weeks post-surgery, using the murine ovariectomy model. Results In contrast to pre-menopausal females, CD14+ monocytes isolated from post-menopausal females were unable to induce DR3 expression. Serum TL1A levels were decreased approx. 2-fold in early post-menopausal females compared to pre-menopausal controls and post-menopausal osteoporotic females; no difference was observed between pre-menopausal and late post-menopausal osteoporotic females. Analysis of in vitro CD14+ monocyte osteoclastogenic potential revealed no significant difference between the post-menopausal and post-menopausal osteoporotic cohorts. Interestingly, in the murine ovariectomy model splenic CD4+ T cell DR3 expression was significantly increased at 1 week but not 8 weeks post-surgery when compared to the sham control. Conclusion Our results reveals for the first time that loss of oestrogen has a significant effect on DR3; decreasing expression on CD14+ monocytes and increasing expression on CD4+ T cells. These data suggest that while oestrogen-deficiency induced changes in DR3 expression do not affect late post-menopausal bone loss they could potentially have an indirect role in early menopausal bone loss through the modulation of T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. .,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Michael D Stone
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jane Turton
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eddie C Y Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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10
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Li C, Huang Q, Yang R, Dai Y, Zeng Y, Tao L, Li X, Zeng J, Wang Q. Gut microbiota composition and bone mineral loss-epidemiologic evidence from individuals in Wuhan, China. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1003-1013. [PMID: 30666372 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We explored the association between gut microbiota composition and bone mineral loss in Chinese elderly people by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Compared with controls, a smaller number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), several taxa with altered abundance, and specific functional pathways were found in individuals with low-bone mineral density (BMD). INTRODUCTION Gut microbiota plays important roles in human health and associates with a number of diseases. However, few studies explored its association with bone mineral loss in human. METHODS We collected 102 fecal samples from each eligible individual belonging to low-BMD and control groups for high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The low-BMD individuals had a smaller number of OTUs and bacterial taxa at each level. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes were more abundant in the low-BMD group; Firmicutes were enriched in the control group; Firmicutes and Actinobacteria positively correlated and Bacteroidetes negatively correlated with the BMD and T-score in all subjects. At the family level, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae in low-BMD individuals reduced and positively correlated with BMD and T-score; meanwhile, BMD increased with increasing Bifidobacteriaceae. At the genus level, low-BMD individuals had decreased proportions of Roseburia compared with control ones (P < 0.05). Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus positively correlated with BMD and T-score. Furthermore, BMD increased with rising abundance of Bifidobacterium. Functional prediction revealed that 93 metabolic pathways significantly differed between the two groups (FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Most pathways, especially pathways related to LPS biosynthesis, were more abundant in low-BMD individuals than in control ones. CONCLUSIONS Several taxa with altered abundance and specific functional pathways were discovered in low-BMD individuals. Our findings provide novel epidemiologic evidence to elucidate the underlying microbiota-relevant mechanism in bone mineral loss and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Q Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - R Yang
- Department of Health Checkup, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Y Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Y Zeng
- Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - L Tao
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - X Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - J Zeng
- Department of Health Checkup, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Q Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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11
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Schepper JD, Collins F, Rios-Arce ND, Raehtz S, Schaefer L, Gardinier JD, Britton R, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Prevents Postantibiotic Bone Loss by Reducing Intestinal Dysbiosis and Preventing Barrier Disruption. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:681-698. [PMID: 30690795 PMCID: PMC6557403 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment, commonly prescribed for bacterial infections, depletes and subsequently causes long-term alterations in intestinal microbiota composition. Knowing the importance of the microbiome in the regulation of bone density, we investigated the effect of postantibiotic treatment on gut and bone health. Intestinal microbiome repopulation at 4-weeks postantibiotic treatment resulted in an increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, increased intestinal permeability, and notably reduced femoral trabecular bone volume (approximately 30%, p < 0.01). Treatment with a mucus supplement (a high-molecular-weight polymer, MDY-1001 [MDY]) prevented the postantibiotic-induced barrier break as well as bone loss, indicating a mechanistic link between increased intestinal permeability and bone loss. A link between the microbiome composition and bone density was demonstrated by supplementing the mice with probiotic bacteria. Specifically, Lactobacillus reuteri, but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, reduced the postantibiotic elevation of the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and prevented femoral and vertebral trabecular bone loss. Consistent with causing bone loss, postantibiotic-induced dysbiosis decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast activities, changes that were prevented by both L. reuteri and MDY. These data underscore the importance of microbial dysbiosis in the regulation of intestinal permeability and bone health, as well as identify L. reuteri and MDY as novel therapies for preventing these adverse effects. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraser Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sandi Raehtz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- equal contribution and co-senior authors
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- equal contribution and co-senior authors
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12
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Lavoie B, Roberts JA, Haag MM, Spohn SN, Margolis KG, Sharkey KA, Lian JB, Mawe GM. Gut-derived serotonin contributes to bone deficits in colitis. Pharmacol Res 2018; 140:75-84. [PMID: 30030171 PMCID: PMC6336528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and bone fractures occur at higher frequency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and decreased bone mass is observed in animal models of colitis. Another consistent feature of colitis is increased serotonin (5-HT) availability in the intestinal mucosa. Since gut-derived 5-HT can decrease bone mass, via activation of 5-HT1B receptors on pre-osteoblasts, we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT contributes to bone loss in colitis. Colitis was chronically induced in mice by adding dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to their drinking water for 21 days. At day 21, circulating 5-HT levels were elevated in DSS-inflamed mice. Micro-computed tomography of femurs showed a decrease in trabecular bone volume fraction, formation, and surface area, due largely to decreased trabecular numbers in DSS-treated mice. The colitis-induced loss of trabecular bone was significantly suppressed in mice treated with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, p-chloro-DL-phenylalanine (PCPA; 300 mg/kg/day IP daily), and in mice treated with the 5-HT1B receptor antagonist GR55562 (1 mg/Kg/day SC daily). The 5-HT reuptake transporter (SERT) is critical for moving 5-HT from the interstitial space into enterocytes and from serum into platelets. Mice lacking SERT exhibited significant deficits in trabecular bone mass that are similar to those observed in DSS-inflamed mice, and these deficits were not extensively worsened by DSS-induced colitis in the SERT-/- mice. Taken together, findings from both the DSS and SERT-/- mouse models support a contributing role for 5-HT as a significant factor in bone loss induced by colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lavoie
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - J A Roberts
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M M Haag
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S N Spohn
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - K G Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K A Sharkey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - G M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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13
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Li C, Zhang J, Lv F, Ge X, Li G. Naringin protects against bone loss in steroid-treated inflammatory bowel disease in a rat model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 650:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Sylvester FA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effects on Bone and Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:133-150. [PMID: 29101654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with decreased bone mass and alterations in bone geometry from the time of diagnosis, before anti-inflammatory therapy is instituted. Deficits in bone mass can persist despite absence of symptoms of active IBD. The effects of IBD on the skeleton are complex. Protein-calorie malnutrition, inactivity, hypogonadism, deficits in calcium intake and vitamin D consumption and synthesis, stunted growth in children, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and inflammation all likely play a role. Preliminary studies suggest that the dysbiotic intestinal microbial flora present in IBD may also affect bone at a distance. Several mechanisms are possible. T cells activated by the gut microbiota may serve as "inflammatory shuttles" between the intestine and bone. Microbe-associated molecular patterns leaked into the circulation in IBD may activate immune responses in the bone marrow by immune cells and by osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts that lead to decreased bone formation and increased resorption. Finally, intestinal microbial metabolites such as H2S may also affect bone cell function. Uncovering these mechanisms will enable the design of microbial cocktails to help restore bone mass in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Sylvester
- Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, 333 South Columbia Street, MacNider Hall 247, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7229, USA.
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15
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Rios-Arce ND, Collins FL, Schepper JD, Steury MD, Raehtz S, Mallin H, Schoenherr DT, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Epithelial Barrier Function in Gut-Bone Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:151-183. [PMID: 29101655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays an essential role in maintaining host homeostasis. The barrier regulates nutrient absorption as well as prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in the host. It is composed of epithelial cells, tight junctions, and a mucus layer. Several factors, such as cytokines, diet, and diseases, can affect this barrier. These factors have been shown to increase intestinal permeability, inflammation, and translocation of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, dysregulation of the epithelial barrier can result in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Our lab and others have also shown that barrier disruption can have systemic effects including bone loss. In this chapter, we will discuss the current literature to understand the link between intestinal barrier and bone. We will discuss how inflammation, aging, dysbiosis, and metabolic diseases can affect intestinal barrier-bone link. In addition, we will highlight the current suggested mechanism between intestinal barrier and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fraser L Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael D Steury
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sandi Raehtz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Heather Mallin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Danny T Schoenherr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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16
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Raehtz S, Hargis BM, Kuttappan VA, Pamukcu R, Bielke LR, McCabe LR. High Molecular Weight Polymer Promotes Bone Health and Prevents Bone Loss Under Salmonella Challenge in Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2018; 9:384. [PMID: 29706903 PMCID: PMC5908899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of rapid growth, broiler chickens are more susceptible to infection as well as bone fractures that result in birds being culled. Intestinal infection/inflammation has been demonstrated to promote bone loss in mice and humans. Given this link, we hypothesize that therapeutics that target the gut can benefit bone health. To test this, we infected broiler chickens (7 days old) with Salmonella and treated the birds with or without MDY, a non-absorbable mucus supplement known to benefit intestinal health, from day 1–21 or from day 14–21. Chicken femoral trabecular and cortical bone parameters were analyzed by microcomputed tomography at 21 days. Birds infected with Salmonella displayed significant trabecular bone loss and bone microarchitecture abnormalities that were specific to the femoral neck region, a common site of fracture in chickens. Histological analyses of the chicken bone indicated an increase in osteoclast surface/bone surface in this area indicating that infection-induced bone resorption likely causes the bone loss. Of great interest, treatment with MDY effectively prevented broiler chicken bone loss and architectural changes when given chronically throughout the experiment or for only a week after infection. The latter suggests that MDY may not only prevent bone loss but reverse bone loss. MDY also increased cortical bone mineral density in Salmonella-treated chickens. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that Salmonella-induced bone loss in broiler chickens is prevented by oral MDY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi Raehtz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Vivek A Kuttappan
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rifat Pamukcu
- Midway Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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17
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McCabe LR, Parameswaran N. Advances in Probiotic Regulation of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:480-488. [PMID: 29453726 PMCID: PMC5849527 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been consumed by humans for thousands of years because they are beneficial for long-term storage of foods and promote the health of their host. Ingested probiotics reside in the gastrointestinal tract where they have many effects including modifying the microbiota composition, intestinal barrier function, and the immune system which result in systemic benefits to the host, including bone health. Probiotics benefit bone growth, density, and structure under conditions of dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, and inflammation (recognized mediators of bone loss and osteoporosis). It is likely that multiple mechanisms are involved in mediating probiotic signals from the gut to the bone. Studies indicate a role for the microbiota (composition and activity), intestinal barrier function, and immune cells in the signaling process. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, but rather, may synergize to provide benefits to the skeletal system of the host and serve as a starting point for investigation. Given that probiotics hold great promise for supporting bone health and are generally regarded as safe, future studies identifying mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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18
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Dobie R, MacRae VE, Pass C, Milne EM, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 ( Socs2) deletion protects bone health of mice with DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.028456. [PMID: 29343614 PMCID: PMC5818069 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often present with poor bone health. The development of targeted therapies for this bone loss requires a fuller understanding of the underlying cellular mechanisms. Although bone loss in IBD is multifactorial, the altered sensitivity and secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in IBD is understood to be a critical contributing mechanism. The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), a well-established negative regulator of GH signaling, is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it is likely that SOCS2 expression represents a critical mediator through which proinflammatory cytokines inhibit GH/IGF-1 signaling and decrease bone quality in IBD. Using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis, we reveal that endogenously elevated GH function in the Socs2−/− mouse protects the skeleton from osteopenia. Micro-computed tomography assessment of DSS-treated wild-type (WT) mice revealed a worsened trabecular architecture compared to control mice. Specifically, DSS-treated WT mice had significantly decreased bone volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, and a resulting increase in trabecular separation. In comparison, the trabecular bone of Socs2-deficient mice was partially protected from the adverse effects of DSS. The reduction in a number of parameters, including bone volume, was less, and no changes were observed in trabecular thickness or separation. This protected phenotype was unlikely to be a consequence of improved mucosal health in the DSS-treated Socs2−/− mice but rather a result of unregulated GH signaling directly on bone. These studies indicate that the absence of SOCS2 is protective against bone loss typical of IBD. This study also provides an improved understanding of the relative effects of GH/IGF-1 signaling on bone health in experimental colitis, information that is essential before these drugs are explored as bone protective agents in children and adults with IBD. Summary: Using a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, this article provides an improved understanding of the relative effects of GH/IGF-1 on bone health in experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Dobie
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Chloe Pass
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Elspeth M Milne
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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19
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Novince CM, Whittow CR, Aartun JD, Hathaway JD, Poulides N, Chavez MB, Steinkamp HM, Kirkwood KA, Huang E, Westwater C, Kirkwood KL. Commensal Gut Microbiota Immunomodulatory Actions in Bone Marrow and Liver have Catabolic Effects on Skeletal Homeostasis in Health. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5747. [PMID: 28720797 PMCID: PMC5515851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite knowledge the gut microbiota regulates bone mass, mechanisms governing the normal gut microbiota’s osteoimmunomodulatory effects on skeletal remodeling and homeostasis are unclear in the healthy adult skeleton. Young adult specific-pathogen-free and germ-free mice were used to delineate the commensal microbiota’s immunoregulatory effects on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, marrow T-cell hematopoiesis, and extra-skeletal endocrine organ function. We report the commensal microbiota has anti-anabolic effects suppressing osteoblastogenesis and pro-catabolic effects enhancing osteoclastogenesis, which drive bone loss in health. Suppression of Sp7(Osterix) and Igf1 in bone, and serum IGF1, in specific-pathogen-free mice suggest the commensal microbiota’s anti-osteoblastic actions are mediated via local disruption of IGF1-signaling. Differences in the RANKL/OPG Axis in vivo, and RANKL-induced maturation of osteoclast-precursors in vitro, indicate the commensal microbiota induces sustained changes in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Candidate mechanisms mediating commensal microbiota’s pro-osteoclastic actions include altered marrow effector CD4+T-cells and a novel Gut-Liver-Bone Axis. The previously unidentified Gut-Liver-Bone Axis intriguingly implies the normal gut microbiota’s osteoimmunomodulatory actions are partly mediated via immunostimulatory effects in the liver. The molecular underpinnings defining commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions on physiologic bone remodeling are highly relevant in advancing the understanding of normal osteoimmunological processes, having implications for the prevention of skeletal deterioration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Whittow
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Johannes D Aartun
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Jessica D Hathaway
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Nicole Poulides
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Heidi M Steinkamp
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Kaeleigh A Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
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20
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Jafarnejad S, Djafarian K, Fazeli MR, Yekaninejad MS, Rostamian A, Keshavarz SA. Effects of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplement on Bone Health in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1318724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazeli
- Department of Drug & Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Metzger CE, Narayanan A, Zawieja DC, Bloomfield SA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Rodent Model Alters Osteocyte Protein Levels Controlling Bone Turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:802-813. [PMID: 27796050 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss is a common comorbidity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to elevated fracture risk in these patients. Inflammatory factors associated with IBD cause increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation with multiple factors implicated as instigators of these alterations. In this project, we examined the influence of IBD on osteocyte proteins in male rats (2 months old) divided into two groups: induced gut inflammation via 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) enema, and vehicle control. We examined the prevalence of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), the anabolic factor insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), osteoclastogenesis regulators RANKL and OPG, and the bone formation inhibitor sclerostin in osteocytes in three bone compartments 4 weeks after initiation of gut inflammation. Histomorphometry of the proximal tibia and fourth lumbar vertebra revealed lower bone volume, lower bone formation rate (BFR), lower osteoid surface (OS), and higher osteoclast surface (Oc.S) with TNBS. Tibial mid-shaft periosteal BFR was also lower with TNBS. Immunohistochemical staining of the distal femur demonstrated that %TNF-α+ , %IL-6+ , %RANKL+ , and %OPG+ osteocytes were elevated in cancellous bone in TNBS animals compared to vehicle. These changes were coincident with increased bone resorption. With regression analysis, %RANKL+ osteocytes statistically predicted the increase in cancellous Oc.S (R2 = 0.565). Increased %sclerostin+ osteocytes observed in the TNBS treatment predicted declines in cancellous OS (R2 = 0.581) as well as BFR in cancellous and cortical bone (R2 = 0.674, R2 = 0.908, respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, %IGF-I+ osteocytes increased in TNBS animals. In conclusion, the IBD model produced a systemic inflammation that altered the regulatory protein profile in osteocytes that control bone resorption and bone formation, likely contributing to IBD-induced bone loss. These data highlight a potential mechanistic role of osteocytes in inflammatory bone loss associated with IBD and systemic inflammation. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Anand Narayanan
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.,Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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22
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Porter A, Irwin R, Miller J, Horan DJ, Robling AG, McCabe LR. Quick and inexpensive paraffin-embedding method for dynamic bone formation analyses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42505. [PMID: 28198415 PMCID: PMC5309838 DOI: 10.1038/srep42505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a straightforward method that uses paraffin-embedded bone for undemineralized thin sectioning, which is amenable to subsequent dynamic bone formation measurements. Bone has stiffer material properties than paraffin, and therefore has hereforto usually been embedded in plastic blocks, cured and sectioned with a tungsten carbide knife to obtain mineralized bone sections for dynamic bone formation measures. This process is expensive and requires special equipment, experienced personnel, and time for the plastic to penetrate the bone and cure. Our method utilizes a novel way to prepare mineralized bone that increases its compliance so that it can be embedded and easily section in paraffin blocks. The approach is simple, quick, and costs less than 10% of the price for plastic embedded bone sections. While not effective for static bone measures, this method allows dynamic bone analyses to be readily performed in laboratories worldwide which might not otherwise have access to traditional (plastic) equipment and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Porter
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Investigative HistoPathology Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Regina Irwin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Josselyn Miller
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Investigative HistoPathology Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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23
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Impact of Enteric Health and Mucosal Permeability on Skeletal Health and Lameness in Poultry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:185-197. [PMID: 29101656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier leakage and/or altered gut microbial composition has been shown to markedly impact both osteoblast and osteoclast activities, systemically through circulation of gut immune cells and cytokines and locally by causing inflammation of extraintestinal organs such as the liver and bone marrow. Mild cases of heightened intestinal inflammation can cause bone loss in male mice in the absence of any overt nutritional deficiencies or weight loss, which has also been shown in chickens that have been infected with Salmonella. For poultry, ingredients selected for feed formulation have also a significant impact on gut health, intestinal microbiota, bone quality, and performance parameters. Consumption of diets with a high content of soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) can affect bone quality parameters by reducing the amount of conjugated bile acids in the intestine, therefore diminishing the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin D and minerals like calcium and phosphorus. Recent enteric inflammation studies have shown that high NSP-containing diets have effects on intestinal viscosity, bone mineral content, and breaking strength, along with increased fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) leakage. Other skeletal diseases, such as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis and enterococcal spondylitis, have a microbial component that is associated with increased mucosal permeability of the gut. Probiotics targeted toward control of enteric inflammation, either created through infectious disease or poor diet, may serve as a strategy for control of predisposing factors that lead to bone disorders.
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24
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Collins FL, Schepper JD, Rios-Arce ND, Steury MD, Kang HJ, Mallin H, Schoenherr D, Camfield G, Chishti S, McCabe LR, Parameswaran N. Immunology of Gut-Bone Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:59-94. [PMID: 29101652 PMCID: PMC5749247 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years a link between the gastrointestinal tract and bone health has started to gain significant attention. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been linked to the pathology of a number of diseases which are associated with bone loss. In addition modulation of the intestinal microbiota with probiotic bacteria has revealed to have both beneficial local and systemic effects. In the present chapter, we discuss the intestinal and bone immune systems, explore how intestinal disease affects the immune system, and examine how these pathologic changes could adversely impact bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Steury
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ho Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Heather Mallin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Schoenherr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Glen Camfield
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Saima Chishti
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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25
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Schepper JD, Irwin R, Kang J, Dagenais K, Lemon T, Shinouskis A, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Probiotics in Gut-Bone Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:225-247. [PMID: 29101658 PMCID: PMC5762128 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal environment is linked to an array of conditions and diseases, including osteoporosis. Human and animal studies indicate that probiotics can benefit intestinal health and may provide a useful therapeutic to prevent and/or treat bone loss. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts will confer a health benefit on the host. In this review, we will focus on (1) probiotics (definition, history, nomenclature, types), (2) the effects of probiotics on bone health, and (3) mechanisms of probiotic prevention of bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Irwin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Dagenais
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tristan Lemon
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ally Shinouskis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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26
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Vassilyadi P, Harding SV, Hazell TJ, Weiler HA, Wykes LJ. Colitis, independent of macronutrient intake, compromises bone structure and strength in growing piglets. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:753-758. [PMID: 27486705 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deterioration in bone health is a concern in managing pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases, but clear understanding of the independent contributions of disease and nutrition is lacking. This study aimed to ascertain whether bone health could be conserved during colitis by maintaining adequate nutritional intake in growing piglets. METHODS The effect of colitis on bone structure and strength was determined in piglets with dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis. Piglets received either 100% macro/micronutrient requirements or 50% macro/100% micronutrient requirements. Femurs were analyzed for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, and 3-point bending tests. RESULTS Colitis, regardless of a well-nourished or malnourished diet, compromised areal bone mineral density (-17%) and volumetric bone mineral density (-20%) in cortical and trabecular bone. Structural integrity at mid-diaphysis was maintained during colitis; however, lower cortical area, trabecular area, and bone mineral content resulted in lower energy to break. CONCLUSION Colitis compromises both bone structure and strength of long bones in piglets, independent of macronutrient intakes. Although confirmation of these findings in pediatric cohorts is needed, these data identify aspects of bone health that may be affected by inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Photios Vassilyadi
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott V Harding
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Tom J Hazell
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda J Wykes
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Vasovic M, Gajovic N, Brajkovic D, Jovanovic M, Zdravkovaic N, Kanjevac T. The relationship between the immune system and oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:302-310. [PMID: 27833449 PMCID: PMC5099388 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.63131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, relapsing inflammatory diseases characterized by exacerbations and remissions of the gastrointestinal tract, clinically manifested as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The etiology of IBDs is considered to be multi factorial, comprising environmental, immune, microbial and genetic factors. Clinical signs may include abdominal pain, frequent bloody diarrheas, mucorrhea, vomiting, fever, fatigue or weight loss. Changes in the oral cavity often precede intestinal symptoms. Inflammatory bowel disease leads to a significant deterioration of oral health, which indicates that cooperation between the dentist and the gastroenterologist is necessary when considering patients' welfare. Patients with IBD have an altered immune response, but microorganisms of the oral cavity may also be responsible for its modification. This review paper discusses the correlation between the immune system and inflammatory bowel disease manifestations in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Vasovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cells Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Denis Brajkovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natasa Zdravkovaic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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28
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Irwin R, Raehtz S, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Intestinal inflammation without weight loss decreases bone density and growth. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1149-R1157. [PMID: 27733383 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00051.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates a strong link between intestinal health and bone health. For example, inflammatory bowel disease can cause systemic inflammation, weight loss, and extra-intestinal manifestations, such as decreased bone growth and density. However, the effects of moderate intestinal inflammation without weight loss on bone health have never been directly examined; yet this condition is relevant not only to IBD but to conditions of increased intestinal permeability and inflammation, as seen with ingestion of high-fat diets, intestinal dysbiosis, irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and food allergies. Here, we induced moderate intestinal inflammation without weight loss in young male mice by treating with a low dose of dextran sodium sulfate (1%) for 15 days. The mice displayed systemic changes marked by significant bone loss and a redistribution of fat from subcutaneous to visceral fat pad stores. Bone loss was caused by reduced osteoblast activity, characterized by decreased expression of osteoblast markers (runx2, osteocalcin), histomorphometry, and dynamic measures of bone formation. In addition, we observed a reduction in growth plate thickness and hypertrophic chondrocyte matrix components (collagen X). Correlation analyses indicate a link between gut inflammation and disease score, but more importantly, we observed that bone density measures negatively correlated with intestinal disease score, as well as colon and bone TNF-α levels. These studies demonstrate that colitis-induced bone loss is not dependent upon weight loss and support a role for inflammation in the link between gut and bone health, an important area for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Irwin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sandi Raehtz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; .,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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29
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Hernandez CJ, Guss JD, Luna M, Goldring SR. Links Between the Microbiome and Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1638-46. [PMID: 27317164 PMCID: PMC5434873 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome has been shown to influence a number of chronic conditions associated with impaired bone mass and bone quality, including obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. The connection between the microbiome and bone health, however, has not been well studied. The few studies available demonstrate that the microbiome can have a large effect on bone remodeling and bone mass. The gut microbiome is the largest reservoir of microbial organisms in the body and consists of more than a thousand different species interacting with one another in a stable, dynamic equilibrium. How the microbiome can affect organs distant from the gut is not well understood but is believed to occur through regulation of nutrition, regulation of the immune system, and/or translocation of bacterial products across the gut endothelial barrier. Here we review each of these mechanisms and discuss their potential effect on bone remodeling and bone mass. We discuss how preclinical studies of bone-microbiome interactions are challenging because the microbiome is sensitive to genetic background, housing environment, and vendor source. Additionally, although the microbiome exhibits a robust response to external stimuli, it rapidly returns to its original steady state after a disturbance, making it difficult to sustain controlled changes in the microbiome over time periods required to detect alterations in bone remodeling, mass, or structure. Despite these challenges, an understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome affects bone has the potential to provide insights into the dissociation between fracture risk and bone mineral density in patients including those with obesity, diabetes, or inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alteration of the gut microbiome has the potential to serve as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity as well as a target for therapies to improve bone structure and quality using pharmaceutical agents or pre- or probiotics. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Guss
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marysol Luna
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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30
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Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 Increases Bone Density in Intact Females Only under an Inflammatory Setting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153180. [PMID: 27058036 PMCID: PMC4825993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We previously demonstrated that short-term oral administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 enhanced bone density in male but not female mice. We also established that L. reuteri 6475 enhanced bone health and prevented bone loss in estrogen-deficient female mice. In this study, we tested whether a mild inflammatory state and/or a long-term treatment with the probiotic was required to promote a positive bone effect in estrogen-sufficient female mice. METHODS A mild inflammatory state was induced in female mice by dorsal surgical incision (DSI). Following DSI animals were orally supplemented with L. reuteri or vehicle control for a period of 8 weeks. Gene expression was measured in the intestine and bone marrow by qPCR. Distal femoral bone density and architecture was analyzed by micro-CT. RESULTS We report that 8 weeks after DSI there is a significant increase in the weight of spleen, thymus and visceral (retroperitoneal) fat pads. Expression of intestinal cytokines and tight junction proteins are also altered 8 weeks post-DSI. Interestingly, L. reuteri treatment was found to display both intestinal region- and inflammation-dependent effects. Unexpectedly we identified that 1) L. reuteri treatment increased bone density in females but only in those that underwent DSI and 2) DSI benefited cortical bone parameters. In the bone marrow, dorsal surgery induced CD4+ T cell numbers, a response that was unaffected by L. reuteri treatment, whereas expression of RANKL, OPG and IL-10 were significantly affected by L. reuteri treatment. CONCLUSION Our data reveals a previously unappreciated effect of a mild surgical procedure causing a long-lasting effect on inflammatory gene expression in the gut and the bone. Additionally, we demonstrate that in intact female mice, the beneficial effect of L. reuteri on bone requires an elevated inflammatory status.
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31
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Coe LM, Tekalur SA, Shu Y, Baumann MJ, McCabe LR. Bisphosphonate treatment of type I diabetic mice prevents early bone loss but accentuates suppression of bone formation. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1944-53. [PMID: 25641511 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I (T1) diabetes is an autoimmune and metabolic disease associated with bone loss. Previous studies demonstrate that T1-diabetes decreases osteoblast activity and viability. Bisphosphonate therapy, commonly used to treat osteoporosis, is demonstrated to inhibit osteoclast activity as well as osteoblast apoptosis. Therefore, we examined the effect of weekly alendronate treatments on T1-diabetes induced osteoblast apoptosis and bone loss. Bone TUNEL assays identified that alendronate therapy prevents the diabetes-induced osteoblast death observed during early stages of diabetes development. Consistent with this, alendronate treatment for 40 days was able to prevent diabetes-induced trabecular bone loss. Alendronate was also able to reduce marrow adiposity in both control diabetic mice compared to untreated mice. Mechanical testing indicated that 40 days of alendronate treatment increased bone stiffness but decreased the work required for fracture in T1-diabetic and alendronate treated mice. Of concern at this later time point, bone formation rate and osteoblast markers, which were already decreased in diabetic mice, were further suppressed in alendronate-treated diabetic mice. Taken together, our results suggest that short-term alendronate treatment can prevent T1-diabetes-induced bone loss in mice, possibly in part by inhibiting diabetes onset associated osteoblast death, while longer treatment enhanced bone density but at the cost of further suppressing bone formation in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Coe
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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32
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Shi J, Huang Z, Wang Y, Huang Y. The Protective Effects of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Formulas on Growth Factor Expression and the Proximal Tibial Epiphyseal Growth Plate in a TNBS-Induced IBD Rat Model. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1931-40. [PMID: 25708898 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of nutritional formulas in a rat model of TNBS-induced IBD. METHODS IBD was induced with TNBS in 4-week-old rats that were then fed different exclusive enteral nutrition diets for 7 days. The length of the tibia and the number of chondrocytes in the proximal tibias were analyzed at 7 days after supplementation. Immunohistochemical analysis, ELISA and real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), the growth factors IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) , bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-6 respectively. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the tibia length of the peptide formula group was longer than that of the IBD-Modulen(®) formula and normal diet groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of chondrocytes of the proximal tibial was more pronounced in the peptide formula group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The peptide formula was also more effective in increasing the expression of GHR compared to the other groups (P < 0.05), while the expression of IGF-IR was not significantly different (P > 0.05). In addition, the IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels were more pronounced in the peptide formula supplement group (P < 0.05), and the expression of BMP-2 and BMP-6 mRNA in the proximal tibia growth plate from the peptide formula group was higher than that in the ordinary formula and normal diet groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EEN, and particularly a peptide formula, exerted protective effects on the proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plate in a TNBS-induced IBD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wan-Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
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33
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Moon PD, Kim MH, Lim HS, Oh HA, Nam SY, Han NR, Kim MJ, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Taurine, a major amino acid of oyster, enhances linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition. Biofactors 2015; 41:190-7. [PMID: 25963419 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oysters (Oys) contain various beneficial components, such as, antioxidants and amino acids. However, the effects of Oys or taurine (Tau), a major amino acid in Oys on bone growth have not been determined. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Oys or Tau on linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition. To make the protein malnutrition in a mouse, we used a low protein diet. Growth plate thickness was increased by Oys or Tau. Bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, connection density, and total porosity were also improved by Oys or Tau. Oys or Tau increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in serum, liver, and tibia-growth plate. Phosphorylations of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) were increased by Oys and by Tau. These findings show that Oys or Tau may increase growth plate thickness by elevating IGF-1 levels and by promoting the phosphorylations of JAK2-STAT5, and suggest that Oys or Tau are growth-promoting substances of potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Dong Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Department of Computer Aided Mechanical Engineering, Sohae College, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 573-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Sun Lim
- Du Wha Com., Deokjeong-ri, Samseong-myeon, Eumseong-gun, Chungbuk, 369-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Jo Kim
- Oriental Bio-herb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Inflammatory Disease Research Center and Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam, 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and fractures are common complications of inflammatory bowel disease. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and has been partly attributed to intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone status and assess the association between bone loss and gut inflammation in an experimental colitis model. METHODS Colitis was induced in interleukin-10 knockout mice (PAC IL-10 k.o.) by peroral administration of piroxicam for 12 days. The degree of colitis was assessed by clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic evaluation. Trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture of tibia were determined using micro-computed tomography. Moreover, the serum levels of bone formation and bone resorption biomarkers were measured, and inflammatory protein profiling was performed on colons. RESULTS PAC IL-10 k.o. mice developed severe colitis, characterized by hyperplasia and focal transmural inflammation, which was consistent with Crohn's disease-like pathology. The gut inflammation was accompanied by a 14% and 12% reduction in trabecular thickness relative to piroxicam-treated wild type and untreated wild type mice, respectively (P < 0.001). The trabecular bone structure was also changed in PAC IL-10 k.o. mice, whereas no differences in cortical bone geometry were observed. The trabecular thickness was inversely correlated with serum levels of CTX (r = -0.93, P = 0.006). Moreover, numerous inflammatory mediators, including RANKL and osteoprotegerin, were significantly increased in the colon of PAC IL-10 k.o. mice. CONCLUSIONS PAC IL-10 k.o. mice develop bone loss and changed trabecular structure, as a result of increased bone resorption. Thus, the PAC IL-10 k.o. model could be a useful experimental model in preclinical research of inflammatory bowel disease-associated bone loss.
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Shu Y, Baumann MJ, Case ED, Irwin RK, Meyer SE, Pearson CS, McCabe LR. Surface microcracks signal osteoblasts to regulate alignment and bone formation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 44:191-200. [PMID: 25280696 PMCID: PMC4186695 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microcracks are present in bone and can result from fatigue damage due to repeated, cyclically applied stresses. From a mechanical point, microcracks can dissipate strain energy at the advancing tip of a crack to improve overall bone toughness. Physiologically, microcracks are thought to trigger bone remodeling. Here, we examine the effect of microcracks specifically on osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, by comparing cell responses on microcracked versus non-microcracked hydroxyapatite (HA) specimens. Osteoblast attachment was found to be greater on microcracked HA specimens (p<0.05). More importantly, we identified the preferential alignment of osteoblasts in the direction of the microcracks on HA. Cells also displayed a preferential attachment that was 75 to 90 μm away from the microcrack indent. After 21 days of culture, osteoblast maturation was notably enhanced on the HA with microcracks, as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression. Furthermore, examination of bone deposition by confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated preferential mineralization at microcrack indentation sites. Dissolution studies indicate that the microcracks increase calcium release, which could contribute to osteoblast responses. Our findings suggest that microcracks signal osteoblast attachment and bone formation/healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Shu
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Michigan State University, United States; The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Melissa J Baumann
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Michigan State University, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - Eldon D Case
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Regina K Irwin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Sarah E Meyer
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Craig S Pearson
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Britton RA, Irwin R, Quach D, Schaefer L, Zhang J, Lee T, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Probiotic L. reuteri treatment prevents bone loss in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse model. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1822-30. [PMID: 24677054 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis that is associated with bone inflammation and resorption. Half of women over the age of 50 will experience an osteoporosis related fracture in their lifetime, thus novel therapies are needed to combat post-menopausal bone loss. Recent studies suggest an important role for gut-bone signaling pathways and the microbiota in regulating bone health. Given that the bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (L. reuteri) secretes beneficial immunomodulatory factors, we examined if this candidate probiotic could reduce bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency in an ovariectomized (Ovx) mouse menopausal model. Strikingly, L. reuteri treatment significantly protected Ovx mice from bone loss. Osteoclast bone resorption markers and activators (Trap5 and RANKL) as well as osteoclastogenesis are significantly decreased in L. reuteri-treated mice. Consistent with this, L. reuteri suppressed Ovx-induced increases in bone marrow CD4+ T-lymphocytes (which promote osteoclastogenesis) and directly suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro. We also identified that L. reuteri treatment modifies microbial communities in the Ovx mouse gut. Together, our studies demonstrate that L. reuteri treatment suppresses bone resorption and loss associated with estrogen deficiency. Thus, L. reuteri treatment may be a straightforward and cost-effective approach to reduce post-menopausal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Britton
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
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Report of the CCFA pediatric bone, growth and muscle health workshop, New York City, November 11-12, 2011, with updates. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2919-26. [PMID: 23974992 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e3182a5a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth retardation, delayed puberty, decreased bone mass, altered bone architecture, hypovitaminosis D and skeletal muscle mass deficits are common in children with inflammatory bowel diseases. The Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America sponsored a multidisciplinary workshop on the subject of Bone and Skeletal Growth in Pediatric IBD, held in New York City in November 2011. The topic of the workshop was a key recommendation of the Foundation's Pediatric Challenges meeting in 2005. The Litwin Foundation provided a generous grant to support this crucial research and workshop through the CCFA. The workshop featured 15 presentations by researchers from the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Germany, and the United Kingdom and a number of posters elucidating diverse aspects of the problem of growth retardation and compromised bone health in pediatric Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The workshop comprised original, basic, and clinical research and relevant reviews of underlying genetics, molecular biology, endocrinology, immunology, and bone physiology research. Investigators funded by CCFA and the Litwin Family Foundation are marked by an asterisk after their name in the text. Workshop presentations fell under 3 broad categories: "Mechanisms of Suppression and Growth of Bone Cell Function by Inflammation," "Impact of IBD on Growth and Bone Health," and "Approaches to Address Growth Failure and Low Bone Mass in Children with IBD," summarized herein. We have cited the publications that resulted from this granting mechanism in the appropriate section and references for pertinent updates on each topic.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increase risk for bone loss and fractures. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of experimental IBD on bone health. METHODS We used a murine model of colitis, Helicobacter hepaticus-infected interleukin-10-deficient animals. Molecular and histological properties of bone and intestine were examined to identify the immunopathological consequences of colitis in male and female mice. RESULTS At 6 weeks postinfection, we observed significant trabecular bone loss in male mice but surprisingly not in female mice. This was true for both distal femur and vertebral locations. In addition, H. hepaticus infection suppressed osteoblast markers only in male mice. Consistent with effects on bone health, male mice with H. hepaticus infection had more severe colitis as determined by histology and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the colon. Although H. hepaticus levels in the stool appeared similar in male and female mice 1 week after infection, by 6 weeks, H. hepaticus levels were greater in male mice, indicating that H. hepaticus survival and virulence within the gastrointestinal tract could be gender dependent. CONCLUSION In summary, H. hepaticus-induced colitis severity and associated bone loss is gender regulated, possibly as a result of gender-specific effects on H. hepaticus colonization in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and the consequent immunopathological responses.
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McCabe LR, Irwin R, Schaefer L, Britton RA. Probiotic use decreases intestinal inflammation and increases bone density in healthy male but not female mice. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1793-8. [PMID: 23389860 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis can result from intestinal inflammation, as is seen with inflammatory bowel disease. Probiotics, microorganisms that provide a health benefit to the host when ingested in adequate amounts, can have anti-inflammatory properties and are currently being examined to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we examined if treating healthy male mice with Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (a candidate probiotic with anti-TNFα activity) could affect intestinal TNFα levels and enhance bone density. Adult male mice were given L. reuteri 6475 orally by gavage for 3×/week for 4 weeks. Examination of jejunal and ileal RNA profiles indicates that L. reuteri suppressed basal TNFα mRNA levels in the jejunum and ileum in male mice, but surprisingly not in female mice. Next, we examined bone responses. Micro-computed tomography demonstrated that L. reuteri 6475 treatment increased male trabecular bone parameters (mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness) in the distal femur metaphyseal region as well as in the lumbar vertebrae. Cortical bone parameters were unaffected. Dynamic and static histomorphometry and serum remodeling parameters indicate that L. reuteri ingestion increases osteoblast serum markers and dynamic measures of bone formation in male mice. In contrast to male mice, L. reuteri had no effect on bone parameters in female mice. Taken together our studies indicate that femoral and vertebral bone formation increases in response to oral probiotic use, leading to increased trabecular bone volume in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Brounais-Le Royer B, Pierroz DD, Velin D, Frossard C, Zheng XX, Lehr HA, Ferrari-Lacraz S, Ferrari SL. Effects of an Interleukin-15 Antagonist on Systemic and Skeletal Alterations in Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:2155-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Enhanced production of early lineages of monocytic and granulocytic cells in mice with colitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16594-9. [PMID: 23012474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1213854109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is a large, highly active, and responsive tissue. Interestingly, little is known about the impact of colitis on hematopoietic functions. Using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis in mice, we identified significant changes in the BM. Specifically, cells of the monocytic and granulocytic lineages increased nearly 60% and 80%, respectively. This change would support and promote the large infiltration of the gut with neutrophils and monocytes that are the primary cause of inflammation and tissue damage during colitis. Conversely, the early lineages of B and T cells declined in the marrow and thymus with particularly large losses observed among pre-B and pre-T cells with heightened levels of apoptosis noted among CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes from DSS-treated mice. Also noteworthy was the 40% decline in cells of the erythrocytic lineages in the marrow of colitis mice, which undoubtedly contributed to the anemia observed in these mice. The peripheral blood reflected the marrow changes as demonstrated by a 2.6-fold increase in neutrophils, a 60% increase in monocytes, and a decline in the lymphocyte population. Thus, colitis changed the BM in profound ways that parallel the general outcomes of colitis including infiltration of the gut with monocytes and neutrophils, inflammation, and anemia. The data provide important understandings of the full impact of colitis that may lead to unique treatments and therapies.
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Kuchler U, Luvizuto ER, Muñoz F, Hofbauer J, Watzek G, Gruber R. Bone healing around titanium implants in two rat colitis models. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:224-9. [PMID: 22509782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory process that has recently been associated with a higher risk of early implant failure. Herein we provide information on the impact of colitis on peri-implant bone formation using preclinical models of chemically induced colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic-acid (TNBS). Colitis was also induced by feeding rats dextran-sodium-sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. One week after disease induction, titanium miniscrews were inserted into the tibia. Four weeks after implantation, peri-implant bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone-to-implant contacts (BIC) were determined by histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS Cortical histomorphometric parameters were similar in the control (n = 10), DSS (n = 10) and TNBS (n = 8) groups. Cortical BV/TV was 92.2 ± 3.7%, 92.0 ± 3.0% and 92.6 ± 2.7%. Cortical BIC was 81.3 ± 8.8%, 83.2 ± 8.4% and 84.0 ± 7.0%, respectively. No significant differences were observed when comparing the medullary BV/TV and BIC (19.5 ± 6.4%, 16.2 ± 5.6% and 15.4 ± 9.0%) and (48.8 ± 12.9%, 49.2 ± 6.2 and 41.9 ± 11.7%), respectively. Successful induction of colitis was confirmed by loss of body weight and colon morphology. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest bone regeneration around implants is not impaired in chemically induced colitis models. Considering that Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract including the mouth, our model only partially reflects the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kuchler
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Coe LM, Denison JD, McCabe LR. Low dose aspirin therapy decreases blood glucose levels but does not prevent type i diabetes-induced bone loss. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:923-32. [PMID: 22178944 DOI: 10.1159/000335806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is strongly associated with increased fracture risk. During T1-diabetes onset, levels of blood glucose and pro-inflammatory cytokines (including TNFα) are increased. At the same time, levels of osteoblast markers are rapidly decreased and stay decreased 40 days later at which point bone loss is clearly evident. Inflammation is known to suppress bone formation and induce bone loss. Previous co-culture studies indicate that diabetic bone is inflamed and diabetic bone marrow is capable of enhancing osteoblast death in vitro. Here we investigate a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin, to prevent T1-diabetic bone loss in vivo. METHODS We induced diabetes in 16-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and administered aspirin in the drinking water. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that aspirin therapy reduced diabetic mouse non-fasting blood glucose levels to less than 400 mg/dl, but did not prevent trabecular and cortical bone loss. In control mice, aspirin treatment increased bone formation markers but did not affect markers of bone resorption or bone density/volume. In diabetic mice, bone formation markers and bone density/volume are decreased and unaltered by aspirin treatment. Bone resorption markers, however, are increased and 2-way ANOVA analysis demonstrates an interaction between aspirin treatment and diabetes (p<0.007). Aspirin treatment did not prevent the previously reported diabetes-induced marrow adiposity. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that low dose aspirin therapy does not negatively impact bone density in control and diabetic mice, but could potentially increase bone resorption in T1-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Coe
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Gerasimidis K, McGrogan P, Edwards CA. The aetiology and impact of malnutrition in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 24:313-26. [PMID: 21564345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disease-associated undernutrition of all types is very common in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent weight loss remains one of the triad of clinical manifestations and a cornerstone for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD), although significantly fewer patients now present as being underweight. Recent evidence suggests that the introduction of medical treatment will quickly restore body weight, although this does not reflect concomitant changes in body composition. CD children present with features of nutritional cachexia with normal fat stores but depleted lean mass. Poor bone health, delayed puberty and growth failure are additional features that further complicate clinical management. Suboptimal nutritional intake is a main determinant of undernutrition, although activation of the immune system and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines exert additional independent effects. Biochemically low concentrations of plasma micronutrients are commonly reported in IBD patients, although their interpretation is difficult in the presence of an acute phase response and other indices of body stores adequacy are needed. Anaemia is a common extraintestinal manifestation of the IBD child. Iron-deficient anaemia is the predominant type, with anaemia of chronic disease second. Decreased dietary intake, as a result of decreased appetite and food aversion, is the major cause of undernutrition in paediatric IBD. Altered energy and nutrient requirements, malabsorption and increased gastrointestinal losses are additional factors, although their contribution to undernutrition in paediatric CD needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition Section, Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, UK.
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Lv H, Ma X, Che T, Chen Y. Methylation of the promoter A of estrogen receptor alpha gene in hBMSC and osteoblasts and its correlation with homocysteine. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 355:35-45. [PMID: 21523370 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that adult osteoporosis could be induced by ageing and estrogen deficiency and homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor of fracture in osteoporosis patients. In this study, we found hypermethylation of the promoter A region in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene, and methylation in 70.59% of 68 post-menopausal women, whose methylation degree was significantly higher than the pre-menopausal women (P < 0.05). Their methylation frequency was detected only 26.67% in 30 subjects. An obvious correlation between the degree of methylation in ERα gene and the level of Hcy (r = 0.809, P < 0.05) was explored. The cultured human bone marrow strom cells (hBMSC) and osteoblasts treated by Hcy resulted in de novo methylation of the promoter A region in the ERα gene and suppressed proliferation and differentiation with time and dose dependence. Meanwhile, ERα gene mRNA in osteoblast-like cells treated by Hcy was much lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Thus, both in vivo and in vitro data showed that Hcy could promote hypermethylation of the promoter A region and reduce ERα mRNA transcription, which may be an important mechanism for the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Advances in the understanding of mineral and bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G191-201. [PMID: 21088237 PMCID: PMC3043650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00496.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) affect bone metabolism and are frequently associated with the presence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. Although several mechanisms may contribute to skeletal abnormalities in IBD patients, inflammation and inflammatory mediators such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 may be the most critical. It is not clear whether the changes in bone metabolism leading to decreased mineral density are the result of decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption, or both, with varying results reported in experimental models of IBD and in pediatric and adult IBD patients. New data, including our own, challenge the conventional views, and contributes to the unraveling of an increasingly complex network of interactions leading to the inflammation-associated bone loss. Since nutritional interventions (dietary calcium and vitamin D supplementation) are of limited efficacy in IBD patients, understanding the pathophysiology of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is critical for the correct choice of available treatments or the development of new targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss current concepts explaining the effects of inflammation, inflammatory mediators and their signaling effectors on calcium and phosphate homeostasis, osteoblast and osteoclast function, and the potential limitations of vitamin D used as an immunomodulator and anabolic hormone in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez K Ghishan
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, Univ. of Arizona Health Sciences Center; 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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