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Touceda V, Fontana Estevez F, Cacciagiú L, Finocchietto P, Bustos R, Vidal A, Berg G, Morales C, González G, Miksztowicz V. Liraglutide improves adipose tissue remodeling and mitochondrial dynamics in a visceral obesity model induced by a high-fat diet. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100185. [PMID: 38846009 PMCID: PMC11153889 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Central obesity is characterized by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expansion, considered one of the main risk factors for metabolic complications. In recent years, new drugs have been studied for obesity treatment. Liraglutide (LGT), a GLP-1 agonist, decreases body weight, however, several mechanisms of action on VAT are still unknown. Aim to study the effect of LGT on factors associated with VAT remodeling and mitochondrial dynamics in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into Control (C) and HFD. After 15 weeks of feeding, each group was subdivided according to LGT administration for 5 weeks: C, C + LGT, HFD, and HFD + LGT. In epididymal AT (EAT) we evaluated histological and mitochondrial characteristics, vascularity, gelatinase activity (MMPs), and galectin-3 expression. Results HFD presented larger adipocytes (p < 0.05), and lower vascular density and MMP-9 activity (p < 0.01) than C, while a major number of smaller adipocytes (p < 0.05) and an increase in vascularity (p < 0.001) and MMP-9 activity (p < 0.01) was observed in HFD + LGT. Collagen content was higher (p < 0.05) in EAT from HFD and decreased in HFD + LGT. In C, C + LGT, and HFD + LGT, mitochondria were predominantly tubular-shaped while in HFD mitochondria were mostly spherical (p < 0.001). Conclusion LGT positively influences VAT behavior by modulating gelatinase activity, enhancing vascularization, and improving adipocyte histological characteristics. Additionally, LGT improves mitochondrial dynamics, a process that would favor VAT functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Touceda
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fontana Estevez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Cacciagiú
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hospital General de Agudos Teodoro Álvarez, Laboratorio Central, Sección Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Finocchietto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM. UBA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Metabolismo del Oxígeno, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Bustos
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Vidal
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán González
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Miksztowicz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ovchinnikov A, Potekhina A, Arefieva T, Filatova A, Ageev F, Belyavskiy E. Use of Statins in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4958. [PMID: 38732177 PMCID: PMC11084261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction are essential pathophysiological factors in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that support the use of statins. The pleiotropic properties of statins, such as anti-inflammatory, antihypertrophic, antifibrotic, and antioxidant effects, are generally accepted and may be beneficial in HF, especially in HFpEF. Numerous observational clinical trials have consistently shown a beneficial prognostic effect of statins in patients with HFpEF, while the results of two larger trials in patients with HFrEF have been controversial. Such differences may be related to a more pronounced impact of the pleiotropic properties of statins on the pathophysiology of HFpEF and pro-inflammatory comorbidities (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney disease) that are more common in HFpEF. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of statin action that may be beneficial for patients with HFpEF, as well as clinical trials that have evaluated the statin effects on left ventricular diastolic function and clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.F.)
- Department of Clinical Functional Diagnostics, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Potekhina
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Tatiana Arefieva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Filatova
- Laboratory of Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Fail Ageev
- Out-Patient Department, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny Belyavskiy
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum des Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
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Seropian IM, Cassaglia P, Miksztowicz V, González GE. Unraveling the role of galectin-3 in cardiac pathology and physiology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1304735. [PMID: 38170009 PMCID: PMC10759241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein with multiple functions. Gal-3 regulates cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis by orchestrating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. It is implicated in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, and its expression is increased in patients with heart failure. In atherosclerosis, Gal-3 promotes monocyte recruitment to the arterial wall boosting inflammation and atheroma. In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the expression of Gal-3 increases in infarcted and remote zones from the beginning of AMI, and plays a critical role in macrophage infiltration, differentiation to M1 phenotype, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis through collagen synthesis. Genetic deficiency of Gal-3 delays wound healing, impairs cardiac remodeling and function after AMI. On the contrary, Gal-3 deficiency shows opposite results with improved remodeling and function in other cardiomyopathies and in hypertension. Pharmacologic inhibition with non-selective inhibitors is also protective in cardiac disease. Finally, we recently showed that Gal-3 participates in normal aging. However, genetic absence of Gal-3 in aged mice exacerbates pathological hypertrophy and increases fibrosis, as opposed to reduced fibrosis shown in cardiac disease. Despite some gaps in understanding its precise mechanisms of action, Gal-3 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of cardiac aging. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of Gal-3 in the pathophysiology of heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocarditis, and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, we describe the physiological role of Gal-3 in cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M. Seropian
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Hemodinamia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Cassaglia
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E. González
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Seropian IM, Fontana Estevez FS, Villaverde A, Cacciagiú L, Bustos R, Touceda V, Penas F, Selser C, Morales C, Miksztowicz V, González GE. Galectin-3 contributes to acute cardiac dysfunction and toxicity by increasing oxidative stress and fibrosis in doxorubicin-treated mice. Int J Cardiol 2023; 393:131386. [PMID: 37741348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) leads to cardiovascular toxicity through direct cardiomyocyte injury and inflammation. We aimed to study the role of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactosidase binding lectin associated with inflammation and fibrosis in DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity in mice. METHODS Male C57 and Gal-3 knockout (KO) mice were given a single dose of DOX (15 mg/kg, i.p) or placebo. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cardiac thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) were measured at 3 days to assess cardiac injury and oxidative stress. Cardiac remodeling and function were studied by echocardiography and catheterization at 7 days. Myocardial fibrosis was quantified in picrosirius red stained slices. RESULTS Absence of Gal-3 tended to reduce the mortality after DOX. DOX significantly increased CPK, LDH, AST and TBARS while treated Gal-3 KO mice showed reduced injury and oxidative stress. After 7 days, adverse remodeling, fibrosis and dysfunction in treated-C57 mice were severely affected while those effects were prevented by absence of Gal-3. CONCLUSION In summary, genetic deletion of Gal-3 prevented cardiac damage, adverse remodeling and dysfunction, associated with reduced cardiac oxidative stress and fibrosis. Understanding the contribution of GAL-3 to doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity reinforces its potential use as a therapeutic target in patients with several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Seropian
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Hemodinamia y Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia S Fontana Estevez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejo Villaverde
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Cacciagiú
- Hospital General de Agudos Teodoro Álvarez, Laboratorio Central, Sección Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Romina Bustos
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanessa Touceda
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Penas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Selser
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E González
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Li W, Liu P, Liu H, Zhang F, Fu Y. Integrative analysis of genes reveals endoplasmic reticulum stress-related immune responses involved in dilated cardiomyopathy with fibrosis. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1406-1421. [PMID: 37462883 PMCID: PMC10425499 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the mechanisms underlying the fibrotic process in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and results in disease exacerbation; however, the molecular details of this mechanism remain unclear. Through microarray and bioinformatic analyses, we explored genetic alterations in myocardial fibrosis (MF) and identified potential biomarkers related to ER stress. We integrated two public microarray datasets, including 19 DCM and 16 control samples, and comprehensively analyzed differential expression, biological functions, molecular interactions, and immune infiltration levels. The immune cell signatures suggest that inflammatory immune imbalance may promote MF progression. Both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in MF development, and T-cell subsets account for a considerable proportion of immune infiltration. The immune subtypes were further compared, and 103 differentially expressed ER stress-related genes were identified. These genes were mainly enriched in neuronal apoptosis, protein modification, oxidative stress reaction, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Furthermore, the 15 highest-scoring core genes were identified. Seven hub genes (AK1, ARPC3, GSN, KPNA2, PARP1, PFKL, and PRKC) might participate in immune-related mechanisms. Our results offer a new integrative view of the pathways and interaction networks of ER stress-related genes and provide guidance for developing novel therapeutic strategies for MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R., China
| | - Peiling Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R., China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R , China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R , China
| | - Yicheng Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R , China.
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Schneider BS, Petereit J, Zhang L, Voss JG. Crush Injury and Simulated Flight Effects on Muscle Gene Expression in Female Mice. Nurs Res 2023; 72:363-370. [PMID: 37625178 PMCID: PMC10542909 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromedical evacuation provides critical care during long-distance transport of injured victims between medical facilities. Often, these victims sustain muscle trauma related to mechanical insults, such as crush. Understanding the effects of flight on injured muscle is important because the aircraft cabin represents an external environment with mild hypoxia-the cabin's altitude is 2,438 m instead of sea level. Because mild hypobaric hypoxia can alter gene expression in normal muscle and affect recovery patterns, it is beneficial to examine whether this type of hypoxia may also alter injury-related genes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis that differential gene expression occurs in response to mild hypobaric hypoxia exposure in crush-injured muscle during two early recovery (preregeneration stage) time points. METHODS Twenty-four female mice were anesthetized, and the right gastrocnemius muscle underwent crush injury. Approximately 24 hours later, mice were exposed to normobaric normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia for 8-9 hours. After 32 or 48 hours of recovery, the mice were euthanized, and the right and left lateral gastrocnemius muscles were collected for microarray and bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS The study hypothesis was verified. There were 353 highly upregulated, differentially expressed genes identified in the injured muscle compared to the uninjured muscle. Mid1 was upregulated in both pressure conditions regardless of injury status. There were 52 and 15 differentially expressed genes at 32 and 48 hours postinjury, respectively, in the hypobaric hypoxia-exposed, injured muscle compared to the normobaric normoxia-exposed, injured muscle. The macrophage gene Cd68 correlated with other leukocyte-related genes. DISCUSSION These findings expand our understanding of the genetic changes that occur in muscle in response to a crush injury, including those related to the macrophage protein CD68. Nursing interventions addressing adequate functioning after crush muscle injury may need to consider the effects on Cd68 and its closely related genes. In addition, our results suggest a responsiveness of the gene Mid1 to flight-relevant hypobaric hypoxia. Changes in the expression of Mid1 may be appropriate in assessing the long-term health of flight crew members.
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Liu L, Hu J, Lei H, Qin H, Wang C, Gui Y, Xu D. Regulatory T Cells in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07463-y. [PMID: 37184744 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is linked to immune-inflammatory injury, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in suppressing immune-inflammatory responses. However, the precise role of Tregs in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current knowledge on the role and mechanisms of Tregs in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and explore their perspectives and challenges as a new therapeutic approach. RESULTS Treg cells may play an important protective role in pressure overload (hypertension, aortic stenosis), myocardial infarction, metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity), acute myocarditis, cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, storage diseases), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Although some challenges remain, the safety and efficacy of Treg-based therapies have been confirmed in some clinical trials, and engineered antigen-specific Treg cells may have better clinical application prospects due to stronger immunosuppressive function and stability. CONCLUSION Targeting the immune-inflammatory response via Treg-based therapies might provide a promising and novel future approach to the prevention and treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yajun Gui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Pang ZD, Sun X, Bai RY, Han MZ, Zhang YJ, Wu W, Zhang Y, Lai BC, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Du XJ, Deng XL. YAP-galectin-3 signaling mediates endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:38. [PMID: 36629913 PMCID: PMC11072047 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an early event of hypertension. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is known to participate in various pathological processes. Whilst previous studies showed that inhibition of Gal-3 effectively ameliorates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced atherosclerosis or hypertension, it remains unclear whether Ang II regulates Gal-3 expression and actions in vascular endothelium. METHODS Using techniques of molecular biology and myograph, we investigated Ang II-mediated changes in Gal-3 expression and activity in thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries from wild-type and Gal-3 gene deleted (Gal-3-/-) mice and cultured endothelial cells. RESULTS The serum level of Gal-3 was significantly higher in hypertensive patients or in mice with chronic Ang II-infusion. Ang II infusion to wild-type mice enhanced Gal-3 expression in the aortic and mesenteric arteries, elevated systolic blood pressure and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries, changes that were abolished in Gal-3-/- mice. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Ang II significantly upregulated Gal-3 expression by promoting nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its interaction with transcription factor Tead1 with enhanced YAP/Tead1 binding to Gal-3 gene promoter region. Furthermore, Gal-3 deletion augmented the bioavailability of nitric oxide, suppressed oxidative stress, and alleviated inflammation in the thoracic aorta of Ang II-infused mice or endothelial cells exposed to Ang II. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that Ang II upregulates Gal-3 expression via increment in YAP nuclear localization in vascular endothelium, and that Gal-3 mediates endothelial dysfunction contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Da Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ru-Yue Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Zhuan Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao-Chang Lai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang X, Zhou H, Liu Q, Cheng P, Zhao T, Yang T, Zhao Y, Sha W, Zhao Y, Qu H. Targeting regulatory T cells for cardiovascular diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126761. [PMID: 36911741 PMCID: PMC9995594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The CVDs are accompanied by inflammatory progression, resulting in innate and adaptive immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an immunosuppressive function and are one of the subsets of CD4+T cells that play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. Whether using Tregs as a biomarker for CVDs or targeting Tregs to exert cardioprotective functions by regulating immune balance, suppressing inflammation, suppressing cardiac and vascular remodeling, mediating immune tolerance, and promoting cardiac regeneration in the treatment of CVDs has become an emerging research focus. However, Tregs have plasticity, and this plastic Tregs lose immunosuppressive function and produce toxic effects on target organs in some diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of Tregs' role and related mechanisms in CVDs, and reports on the research of plasticity Tregs in CVDs, to lay a foundation for further studies targeting Tregs in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyao Zhao
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanjing Sha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Cianci R, Franza L, Borriello R, Pagliari D, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure: When Friends Become Enemies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2712. [PMID: 36359233 PMCID: PMC9687270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex health issue, with important consequences on the overall wellbeing of patients. It can occur both in acute and chronic forms and, in the latter, the immune system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, in the forms with preserved ejection fraction or with only mildly reduced ejection fraction, some specific associations with chronic inflammatory diseases have been observed. Another interesting aspect that is worth considering is the role of microbiota modulation, in this context: given the importance of microbiota in the modulation of immune responses, it is possible that changes in its composition may somewhat influence the progression and even the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this narrative review, we aim to examine the relationship between immunity and heart failure, with a special focus on the role of microbiota in this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Franza
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Pagliari
- Medical Officer of the Carabinieri Corps, Health Service of the Carabinieri General Headquarters, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Relation of Glycemic Status with Unrecognized MI and the Subsequent Risk of Mortality: The Jackson Heart Study. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 11:100348. [PMID: 35600110 PMCID: PMC9119819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Almost 1/3 to 1/2 of initial myocardial infarctions (MI) may be silent or unrecognized (UMI), which forecasts future clinical events. Further, limited data exist to describe the potential risk for UMI in African-Americans. The relationship of glucose status with UMI was examined in the Jackson Heart Study: a cohort of African-American individuals. Methods and results At baseline, there were 5,073 participants with an initial 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and fasting glucose measured. Of these participants, 106(2.1%) had a UMI, and 268(4.2%) had a recognized MI. This population consisted of 3,233 (63.7%) participants with normal fasting glucose (NFG), 533 (10.5%) with IFG, and 1,039 (20.4%) with DM. Logistic regression investigated the relationship between glucose status and UMI. Cox proportional hazard models determined the significance of all-cause mortality during follow-up by MI status. The sample was 65% female with a mean age of 55.3 ± 12.9 years. Over a mean follow-up of 10.4 years, there were 795 deaths. Relative to NFG, the crude odds ratio (OR) estimates for UMI at baseline with IFG and DM were 1.00(95% CI:0.48–2.14) and 3.22(2.15–4.81), respectively. With adjustment, DM continued to be significantly associated with UMI [2.30 (1.42–3.71)]. Overall, participants with a baseline UMI had an adjusted Hazard ratio (HR) of 2.00(1.39–2.78) of death compared to no prior MI. Compared to those with no MI, those with a recognizedMI had an adjusted HR of 1.70(1.31–2.17) for mortality. Conclusions DM is associated with UMI in African-Americans. Further, a UMI carried similar risk of death compared to those with a recognized MI.
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12
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Vlachou F, Varela A, Stathopoulou K, Ntatsoulis K, Synolaki E, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D, Sideras P, Davos CH, Capetanaki Y, Psarras S. Galectin-3 interferes with tissue repair and promotes cardiac dysfunction and comorbidities in a genetic heart failure model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:250. [PMID: 35441327 PMCID: PMC11072767 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a biomarker for heart failure (HF), has been associated with myocardial fibrosis. However, its causal involvement in HF pathogenesis has been questioned in certain models of cardiac injury-induced HF. To address this, we used desmin-deficient mice (des-/-), a model of progressive HF characterized by cardiomyocyte death, spontaneous inflammatory responses sustaining fibrosis, and galectin-3 overexpression. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 led to improvement of cardiac function and adverse remodeling features including fibrosis. Over the course of development of des-/- cardiomyopathy, monitored for a period of 12 months, galectin-3 deficiency specifically ameliorated the decline in systolic function accompanying the acute inflammatory phase (4-week-old mice), whereas a more pronounced protective effect was observed in older mice, including the preservation of diastolic function. Interestingly, the cardiac repair activities during the early inflammatory phase were restored under galectin-3 deficiency by increasing the proliferation potential and decreasing apoptosis of fibroblasts, while galectin-3 absence modulated macrophage-fibroblast coupled functions and suppressed both pro-fibrotic activation of cardiac fibroblasts and pro-fibrotic gene expression in the des-/- heart. In addition, galectin-3 also affected the emphysema-like comorbid pathology observed in the des-/- mice, as its absence partially normalized lung compliance. Collectively galectin-3 was found to be causally involved in cardiac adverse remodeling, inflammation, and failure by affecting functions of cardiac fibroblasts and macrophages. In concordance with this role, the effectiveness of pharmacological inhibition in ameliorating cardiac pathology features establishes galectin-3 as a valid intervention target for HF, with additive benefits for treatment of associated comorbidities, such as pulmonary defects. Schematic illustrating top to bottom, the detrimental role of galectin-3 (Gal3) in heart failure progression: desmin deficiency-associated spontaneous myocardial inflammation accompanying cardiac cell death (reddish dashed border) is characterized by infiltration of macrophages (round cells) and up-regulation of Lgals3 (encoding secretable galectin-3, green) and detrimental macrophage-related genes (Ccr2 and Arg1). In this galectin-3-enriched milieu, the early up-regulation of profibrotic gene expression (Tgfb1, Acta2, Col1a1), in parallel to the suppression of proliferative activities and a potential of senescence induction by cardiac fibroblasts (spindle-like cells), collectively promote des-/- cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction establishing heart failure (left panel). Additionally, galectin-3+ macrophage-enrichment accompanies the development of emphysema-like lung comorbidities. In the absence of galectin-3 (right panel), the effect of macrophage-fibroblast dipole and associated events are modulated (grey color depicts reduced expression or activities) leading to attenuated cardiac pathology in the des-/-Lgals3-/- mice. Pulmonary comorbidities are also limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Vlachou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Center of Clinical, Experimental and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Stathopoulou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ntatsoulis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Synolaki
- Center of Clinical, Experimental and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, 153 41, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, 153 41, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalis Sideras
- Center of Clinical, Experimental and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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13
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Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Gelzo M, Amato F, Gentile I, Pinchera B, Femminella GD, Parrella R, DE Rosa A, Gambino G, Marzano F, Ferrara N, Paolocci N, Rengo G, Castaldo G. Serum Galectin-3 and Aldosterone: potential biomarkers of cardiac complications in patients with COVID-19. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2022; 47:270-278. [PMID: 35266671 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) primarily targeting the lungs, the heart represents another critical virus target. Thus, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 disease of 2019 (COVID-19)-associated biomarkers would be beneficial to stratify prognosis and the risk of developing cardiac complications. Aldosterone and galectin-3 promote fibrosis and inflammation and are considered a prognostic biomarker of lung and adverse cardiac remodeling. Here, we tested whether galectin-3 and aldosterone levels can predict adverse cardiac outcomes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS To this aim, we assessed galectin-3 and aldosterone serum levels in 51 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, using a population of 19 healthy subjects as controls. In in vitro studies, we employed 3T3 fibroblasts to assess the potential roles of aldosterone and galectin-3 in fibroblast activation. RESULTS Serum galectin-3 levels were more elevated in COVID-19 patients than healthy controls and correlated with COVID-19 severity classification and cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) serum levels. Furthermore, we observed an augmented secretion of aldosterone in COVID-19 patients. This adrenal hormone is a direct stimulator of galectin-3 secretion; therefore, we surmised that this axis could perpetrate fibrosis and adverse remodeling in these subjects. Thus, we stimulated fibroblasts with 10% of serum from COVID-19 patients. This challenge markedly rose the expression of smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin (ACTA2), a myofibroblast marker. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that COVID-19 can affect cardiac structure and function by triggering aldosterone and galectin-3 release that may serve as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers while monitoring the course of cardiac complications in patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica Gelzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Amato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia D Femminella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Parrella
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Cotugno Hospital- A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata DE Rosa
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Cotugno Hospital- A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri -S.p.A. - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy - .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri -S.p.A. - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
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14
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Kott KA, Bishop M, Yang CHJ, Plasto TM, Cheng DC, Kaplan AI, Cullen L, Celermajer DS, Meikle PJ, Vernon ST, Figtree GA. Biomarker Development in Cardiology: Reviewing the Past to Inform the Future. Cells 2022; 11:588. [PMID: 35159397 PMCID: PMC8834296 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac biomarkers have become pivotal to the clinical practice of cardiology, but there remains much to discover that could benefit cardiology patients. We review the discovery of key protein biomarkers in the fields of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, giving an overview of the populations they were studied in and the statistics that were used to validate them. We review statistical approaches that are currently in use to assess new biomarkers and overview a framework for biomarker discovery and evaluation that could be incorporated into clinical trials to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A. Kott
- Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards 2065, Australia; (K.A.K.); (S.T.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Michael Bishop
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Kensington 2033, Australia;
| | - Christina H. J. Yang
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Toby M. Plasto
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Daniel C. Cheng
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Adam I. Kaplan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Louise Cullen
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston 4029, Australia;
| | - David S. Celermajer
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown 2042, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia;
| | - Stephen T. Vernon
- Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards 2065, Australia; (K.A.K.); (S.T.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards 2065, Australia; (K.A.K.); (S.T.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (C.H.J.Y.); (T.M.P.); (D.C.C.); (A.I.K.); (D.S.C.)
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15
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Inhibition of Src improves cardiac fibrosis in AngII-induced hypertrophy by regulating the expression of galectin-3. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Boutin L, Legrand M, Sadoune M, Mebazaa A, Gayat E, Chadjichristos CE, Dépret F. Elevated plasma Galectin-3 is associated with major adverse kidney events and death after ICU admission. Crit Care 2022; 26:13. [PMID: 34991653 PMCID: PMC8740042 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a proinflammatory and profibrotic protein especially overexpressed after Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). The early renal prognostic value of Gal-3 after AKI in critically ill patients remains unexplored. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma level of Gal-3 for Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE) and mortality 30 days after ICU admission across AKI stages. Methods This is an ancillary study of a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort (FROG-ICU). AKI was defined using KDIGO definition. Results Two thousand and seventy-six patients had a Gal-3 plasma level measurement at ICU admission. Seven hundred and twenty-three (34.8%) were females and the median age was 63 [51, 74] years. Eight hundred and seven (38.9%) patients developed MAKE, 774 (37.3%) had AKI and mortality rate at 30 days was 22.4% (N = 465). Patients who developed MAKE had higher Gal-3 level at admission compared to patients without (30.2 [20.8, 49.2] ng/ml versus 16.9 [12.7, 24.3] ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Gal-3 to predict MAKE was 0.76 CI95% [0.74–0.78], p < 0.001. Gal-3 was associated with MAKE (OR 1.80 CI95% [1.68–1.93], p < 0.001, non-adjusted and OR 1.37 CI95% [1.27–1.49], p < 0.001, adjusted). The use of Gal-3 improved prediction performance of prediction model including SAPSII, Screatadm, pNGAL with a NRI of 0.27 CI95%(0.16–0.38), p < 0.001. Median Gal-3 was higher in non-survivors than in survivors at 30 days (29.2 [20.2, 49.2] ng/ml versus 18.8 [13.3, 29.2] ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Plasma levels of Gal-3 were strongly associated with renal function, with an increased risk of MAKE and death after ICU admission. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01367093. Registered on 6 June 2011. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-021-03878-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boutin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - M Legrand
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California - UCSF Medical Center, 500 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - M Sadoune
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - A Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - E Gayat
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - C E Chadjichristos
- INSERM, UMR 1155, CORAKID, Tenon Hospital, Université de Paris, 75020, Paris, France
| | - F Dépret
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France.,INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
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17
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010046. [PMID: 35053194 PMCID: PMC8774137 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a prominent role in chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the development of many disease conditions, including heart disease. Galectin-3, a regulatory protein, is elevated in both acute and chronic heart failure and is involved in the inflammatory pathway after injury leading to myocardial tissue remodelling. We discussed the potential utility of galectin-3 as a diagnostic and disease severity/prognostic biomarker in different cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the understanding the role of galectin-3 in myocardial fibrosis and inflammation and as a therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction.
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18
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Levels of Serum sST2, MMP-3, and Gal-3 in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Their Correlation with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7262776. [PMID: 34675989 PMCID: PMC8526212 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7262776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a clinically frequent cardiovascular disease, with insidious onset, causing increased pressure load and neuroregulation disorders in patients. Long-term EH can cause left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which can lead to arrhythmia and even death. The soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in serum plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. In our study, we divided EH patients into 3 levels and groups with or without LVH, according to their condition. The levels of sST2, MMP-3, and Gal-3 in the serum were measured in different groups of patients. Our results showed that the levels of sST2, MMP-3, and Gal-3 in the serum increased progressively with the level in different EH groups. The levels of sST2, MMP-3, and Gal-3 in the serum of the LVH group were higher than those of the NLVH group, and it is positively correlated with LVH-related indexes. The risk of developing and progressing to LVH in patients with EH can be determined by the method of measuring three indicators.
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Zhao K, Zhang J, Xu T, Yang C, Weng L, Wu T, Wu X, Miao J, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D, Zhou B, Sun W, Kong X. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by alleviating inflammation via a caveolin-1-dependent pathway. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:818-838. [PMID: 34636186 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are major pathological manifestations observed in left ventricular remodeling induced by angiotensin II (AngII). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in myocardial infarction (MI) through mechano-transduction and its downstream pathways. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether LIPUS could exert a protective effect by ameliorating AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and if so, to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS We used AngII to mimic animal and cell culture models of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. LIPUS irradiation was applied in vivo for 20 min every 2 d from one week before mini-pump implantation to four weeks after mini-pump implantation, and in vitro for 20 min on each of two occasions 6 h apart. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis levels were then evaluated by echocardiographic, histopathological, and molecular biological methods. RESULTS Our results showed that LIPUS could ameliorate left ventricular remodeling in vivo and cardiac fibrosis in vitro by reducing AngII-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, but the protective effects on cardiac hypertrophy were limited in vitro. Given that LIPUS increased the expression of caveolin-1 in response to mechanical stimulation, we inhibited caveolin-1 activity with pyrazolopyrimidine 2 (pp2) in vivo and in vitro. LIPUS-induced downregulation of inflammation was reversed and the anti-fibrotic effects of LIPUS were absent. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that LIPUS could ameliorate AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis by alleviating inflammation via a caveolin-1-dependent pathway, providing new insights for the development of novel therapeutic apparatus in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liqing Weng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiaming Miao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. .,Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the immune system and play a role in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Depending on their origin and phenotype, cardiac macrophages perform various functions. In a steady-state, these cells play a beneficial role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by defending the body from pathogens and eliminating apoptotic cells, participating in electrical conduction, vessel patrolling, and arterial tone regulation. However, macrophages also take part in adverse cardiac remodeling that could lead to the development and progression of heart failure (HF) in such HF comorbidities as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, studies on detailed mechanisms of cardiac macrophage function are still in progress, and could enable potential therapeutic applications of these cells. This review aims to present the latest reports on the origin, heterogeneity, and functions of cardiac macrophages in the healthy heart and in cardiovascular diseases leading to HF. The potential therapeutic use of macrophages is also briefly discussed.
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21
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Insight into the Pro-inflammatory and Profibrotic Role of Macrophage in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:276-285. [PMID: 32501838 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is higher than that of HF with reduced/midrange ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFmrEF). However, no evidence-based guidelines for managing HFpEF have been generated. The current body of knowledge indicates that fibrosis and inflammation are important components of the cardiac remodeling process in HFpEF. In addition, macrophages potentially play an important role in pro-inflammatory and profibrotic processes in HFpEF patients, whereas HFpEF comorbidities could be a driving force for systemic microvascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Under such circumstances, macrophages reportedly contribute to inflammation and fibrosis through 3 phases namely, inflammation, repair, and resolution. Signal transduction pathway-targeted therapies using animal experiments have generated important discoveries and breakthroughs for understanding the underlying mechanisms of HFpEF. However, only a handful of studies have reported promising results using human trials. Further investigations are therefore needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying HFpEF and immune-pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
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22
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Cerrudo CS, Cavallero S, Rodríguez Fermepín M, González GE, Donato M, Kouyoumdzian NM, Gelpi RJ, Hertig CM, Choi MR, Fernández BE. Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Profiles in Chronic Hypertension by Single or Sequentially Combined Renovascular and DOCA-Salt Treatments. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651246. [PMID: 34113261 PMCID: PMC8185994 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of natriuretic peptides was studied during the hypertrophic remodeling transition mediated by sequential exposure to chronic hemodynamic overload. We induced hypertension in rats by pressure (renovascular) or volume overload (DOCA-salt) during 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. We also studied the consecutive combination of both models in inverse sequences: RV 6 weeks/DS 6 weeks and DS 6 weeks/RV 6 weeks. All treated groups developed hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular ANP gene expression were more pronounced in single DS than in single RV groups. BNP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in RV groups, while ANP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in DS groups. Combined models exhibited intermediate values between those of single groups at 6 and 12 weeks. The latter stimulus associated to the second applied overload is less effective than the former to trigger cardiac hypertrophy and to increase ANP and BNP gene expression. In addition, we suggest a correlation of ANP synthesis with volume overload and of BNP synthesis with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy after a prolonged treatment. Volume and pressure overload may be two mechanisms, among others, involved in the differential regulation of ANP and BNP gene expression in hypertrophied left ventricles. Plasma ANP levels reflect a response to plasma volume increase and volume overload, while circulating BNP levels seem to be regulated by cardiac BNP synthesis and ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Cerrudo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Rodríguez Fermepín
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E. González
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás M. Kouyoumdzian
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J. Gelpi
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia M. Hertig
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo R. Choi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H. A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belisario E. Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H. A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chumakova S, Urazova O, Shipulin V, Vins M, Pryakhin A, Sukhodolo I, Stelmashenko A, Litvinova L, Kolobovnikova Y, Churina E, Novitskiy V. Galectin 3 and non-classical monocytes of blood as myocardial remodeling factors at ischemic cardiomyopathy. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 33:100766. [PMID: 33869726 PMCID: PMC8047163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims To identify an imbalance of cardiac remodeling mediators and monocytes subpopulation in blood, distribution of myocardium macrophages in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Methods The study engaged 30 patients with ICMP, 26 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) without ICMP, 15 healthy donors. Concentrations of TGFβ, MMP-9, MCP-1, galectin-3 were measured in plasma of blood from the coronary sinus and peripheral blood in CHD patients, as well as in peripheral blood in healthy donors, by enzyme immunoassay method. The ration of classical, intermediate, non-classical, transitional monocytes in peripheral blood of patients and healthy donors was assessed by flow cytometry (expression CD14, CD16); the content of CD68+ macrophages in myocardium – by immunohistochemistry method. Results In both samples of blood, the content of galectin-3 in patients with ICMP was higher than in CHD patients without ICMP and the level of TGFβ was comparable between the groups. At ICMP, the concentration of MMP-9 in sinus blood was higher than that in CHD patients without ICMP in whom an excess of MCP-1 in the general blood flow was determined. The density of distribution of CD68+ cells in the myocardium in patients with ICMP was higher in the perianeurysmal zone than in the right atrium appendage. ICMP was characterized by a deficiency of non-classical monocytes, and CHD without ICMP – by an excess of intermediate cells in peripheral blood. Conclusion Myocardium remodeling at ICMP is mediated by not so much TGFβ but intracardiac galectin-3, which determines the subpopulation composition of blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chumakova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - O Urazova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V Shipulin
- Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of CardiologyResearchInstitute, Tomsk National Medical Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya Street, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - M Vins
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A Pryakhin
- Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of CardiologyResearchInstitute, Tomsk National Medical Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya Street, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - I Sukhodolo
- Morphology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A Stelmashenko
- Morphology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - L Litvinova
- Immunology and Cell Biotechnology Center of Immanuel Kant, Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo Street, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
| | - Yu Kolobovnikova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - E Churina
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V Novitskiy
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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24
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Garvin AM, De Both MD, Talboom JS, Lindsey ML, Huentelman MJ, Hale TM. Transient ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Inhibition Suppresses Future Fibrogenic Capacity and Heterogeneity of Cardiac Fibroblast Subpopulations. Hypertension 2021; 77:904-918. [PMID: 33486989 PMCID: PMC7878436 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats is known to protect against future injury-induced cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction; however, the mechanisms of protection have not been delineated. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to test the hypothesis that transient ACE inhibitor treatment would induce a persistent shift in cardiac fibroblast subpopulations. Adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (11 weeks old, hypertensive with cardiac hypertrophy) were treated for 2 weeks with an ACE inhibitor, enalapril (30 mg/kg per day, PO), or water (untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats) followed by a 2-week washout period (n=7/group). Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from the left ventricle and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. Nine clusters of fibroblasts were identified, with 98% of cells in clusters 0 to 6. The transient treatment produced significant changes both within and across clusters. Cluster 1 depicted a highly fibrogenic gene profile, with cluster 6 serving as a gateway to cluster 1. Transient ACE inhibition depleted the gateway and expanded cluster 0, which was the least fibrogenic profile. Moreover, within cluster 1 fibroblasts, ACE inhibition reduced expression of individual fibrosis genes (eg, COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1; all P<1×10-35). Clusters 2 to 5 reflected proliferative, moderately fibrogenic, translationally active, and less inflammatory subsets of fibroblasts, all of which exhibited attenuated fibrogenic gene expression after transient ACE inhibition. In conclusion, transient ACE inhibition shifts cardiac fibroblast subpopulations and degree of activation resulting in an overall reduced fibrogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew D De Both
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Joshua S Talboom
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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25
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Murphy SP, Kakkar R, McCarthy CP, Januzzi JL. Inflammation in Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1324-1340. [PMID: 32192660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has long been observed that heart failure (HF) is associated with measures of systemic inflammation. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in our understanding of how inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of HF. However, although numerous studies have validated the association between measures of inflammation and HF severity and prognosis, clinical trials of anti-inflammatory therapies have proven mostly unsuccessful. On this backdrop emerges the yet unmet goal of targeting precise phenotypes within the syndrome of HF; if such precise definitions can be realized, and with better understanding of the roles played by specific inflammatory mediators, the expectation is that targeted anti-inflammatory therapies may improve prognosis in patients whose HF is driven by inflammatory pathobiology. Here, the authors describe mechanistic links between inflammation and HF, discuss traditional and novel inflammatory biomarkers, and summarize the latest evidence from clinical trials of anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rahul Kakkar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cian P McCarthy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Keyhani D, Tartibian B, Dabiri A, Teixeira AMB. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Continuous Training on Galectin-3 Gene Expression in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:987-995. [PMID: 32679568 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a pro-inflammatory biomarker associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). Physical-activity reduces the risk of heart-failure by modification of inflammation and fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training on a predictive factor of HF in postmenopausal women. Thirty sedentary postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group performed the HIIT program at 60%-90%, and the second group performed an exercise program at 50%-65% of HR reserve. The control group maintained their normal daily regular physical activity level. The gene expressions of galectin-3 and lipid profiles were measured at the baseline and the end of Week 8. The HIIT and moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training attenuated the gene expression of galectin-3, serum low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations and enhanced high-density lipoprotein concentrations. These changes were considerably higher in the HIIT group. Our results show that HIIT is superior to moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training in improving the decrease in HF risk in postmenopausal women.
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27
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The therapeutic potential of galectin-3 inhibition in fibrotic disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105881. [PMID: 33181315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin and part of the 15 member galectin family that are evolutionarily highly conserved. It is the only chimeric protein with a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a proline, glycine, and tyrosine rich additional N-terminal domain. Galectin-3 binds several cell surface glycoproteins via its CRD domain as well as undergoing oligomerization, via binding at the N-terminal or the CRD, resulting in the formation of a galectin-3 lattice on the cell surface. The galectin-3 lattice has been regarded as being a crucial mechanism whereby extracellular galectin-3 modulates cellular signalling by prolonging retention time or retarding lateral movement of cell surface receptors in the plasma membrane. As such galectin-3 can regulate various cellular functions such as diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids and the functionality of membrane receptors. In multiple models of organ fibrosis, it has been demonstrated that galectin-3 is potently pro-fibrotic and modulates the activity of fibroblasts and macrophages in chronically inflamed organs. Increased galectin-3 expression also activates myofibroblasts resulting in scar formation and may therefore impact common fibrotic pathways leading to fibrosis in multiple organs. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the scientific literature investigating galectin-3 in a range of fibrotic diseases as well as the clinical development of new galectin-3 inhibitors. In this review we will examine the role of galectin-3 in fibrosis, the therapeutic strategies for inhibiting galectin-3 in fibrotic disease and the clinical landscape to date.
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28
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Cassaglia P, Penas F, Betazza C, Fontana Estevez F, Miksztowicz V, Martínez Naya N, Llamosas MC, Noli Truant S, Wilensky L, Volberg V, Cevey ÁC, Touceda V, Cicale E, Berg G, Fernández M, Goren N, Morales C, González GE. Genetic Deletion of Galectin-3 Alters the Temporal Evolution of Macrophage Infiltration and Healing Affecting the Cardiac Remodeling and Function after Myocardial Infarction in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1789-1800. [PMID: 32473918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the expression of alternative activation markers (M2) on macrophage, cytokines, and fibrosis through the temporal evolution of healing, ventricular remodeling, and function after myocardial infarction (MI). C57BL/6J and Gal-3 knockout mice (Lgals3-/-) were subjected to permanent coronary ligation or sham. We studied i) mortality, ii) macrophage infiltration and expression of markers of alternative activation, iii) cytokine, iv) matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, v) fibrosis, and vi) cardiac function and remodeling. At 1 week post-MI, lack of Gal-3 markedly attenuated F4/80+ macrophage infiltration and significantly increased the expression of Mrc1 and Chil1, markers of M2 macrophages at the MI zone. Levels of IL-10, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 were significantly increased, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and fibrosis were remarkably attenuated at the infarct zone. In Gal-3 knockout mice, scar thinning ratio, expansion, and cardiac remodeling and function were severely affected from the onset of MI. At 4 weeks post-MI, the natural evolution of fibrosis in Gal-3 knockout mice was also affected. Our results suggest that Gal-3 is essential for wound healing because it regulates the dynamics of macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and fibrosis along the temporal evolution of MI in mice. The deficit of Gal-3 affected the dynamics of wound healing, thus aggravating the evolution of remodeling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cassaglia
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Penas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Betazza
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fontana Estevez
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Martínez Naya
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Clara Llamosas
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Noli Truant
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Wilensky
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Volberg
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ágata C Cevey
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanessa Touceda
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Cicale
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Goren
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E González
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Negative Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Events in the Elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 74:1-11. [PMID: 31272534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk increases dramatically with age, leading to nearly universal risk-based statin eligibility in the elderly population. To limit overtreatment, elderly individuals at truly low risk need to be identified. OBJECTIVES Discovering "negative" risk markers able to identify elderly individuals at low short-term risk for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. METHODS In 5,805 BioImage participants (mean age 69 years; median follow-up 2.7 years), the authors evaluated 13 candidate markers: coronary artery calcium (CAC) = 0, CAC ≤10, no carotid plaque, no family history, normal ankle-brachial index, test result <25th percentile (carotid intima-media thickness, apolipoprotein B, galectin-3, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein(a), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and transferrin), and apolipoprotein A1 >75th percentile. Negative risk marker performance was compared using patient-specific diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR) and binary net reclassification index (NRI). RESULTS CAC = 0 and CAC ≤10 were the strongest negative risk markers with mean DLRs of 0.20 and 0.20 for coronary heart disease (i.e., ≈80% lower risk than expected from traditional risk factor assessment) and 0.41 and 0.48 for cardiovascular disease, respectively, followed by galectin-3 <25th percentile (DLR 0.44 and 0.43, respectively) and absence of carotid plaque (DLR 0.39 and 0.65, respectively). Results obtained by other candidate markers were less impressive. Accurate downward risk reclassification across the Class I statin-eligibility threshold defined by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association was largest for CAC = 0 (NRI 0.23) and CAC ≤10 (NRI 0.28), followed by galectin-3 <25th percentile (NRI 0.14) and absence of carotid plaque (NRI 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Elderly individuals with CAC = 0, CAC ≤10, low galectin-3, or no carotid plaque had remarkable low cardiovascular risk, calling into question the appropriateness of a treat-all approach in the elderly population.
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Ovchinnikov AG, Arefieva TI, Potekhina AV, Filatova AY, Ageev FT, Boytsov SA. The Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Associated with a Microvascular Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:40-51. [PMID: 32742726 PMCID: PMC7385098 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a severe disease with an often unfavorable outcome. The prevalence of HFpEF continues to increase, while effective treatment options remain elusive. All the medical strategies used to improve the outcome in a heart failure with reduced ejection fraction proved ineffective in HFpEF, which was probably due to the different mechanisms of development of these two types of heart failure and the diversity of the HFpEF phenotypes. According to the current paradigm of HFpEF development, a chronic mild pro-inflammatory state causes a coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation, with further myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction progression. This inflammatory paradigm of HFpEF has been confirmed with some evidence, and suppressing the inflammation may become a novel strategy for treating and managing HFpEF. This review summarizes current concepts about a microvascular inflammation in hypertrophied myocardium and provides a translational perspective of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory approaches in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Ovchinnikov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - T. I. Arefieva
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - A. V. Potekhina
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - A. Yu. Filatova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - F. T. Ageev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - S. A. Boytsov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
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Chen H, Chen C, Fang J, Wang R, Nie W. Circulating galectin-3 on admission and prognosis in acute heart failure patients: a meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 25:331-341. [PMID: 31641977 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Changes of serum galectin-3 have been associated with the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic role of serum galectin-3 in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) in a meta-analysis. Follow-up studies evaluating the association between serum galectin-3 on admission and clinical outcomes in AHF patients were identified via search of PubMed and Embase databases. A random effects or a fixed effects model was applied to pool the results depending on the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the influences of study characteristics on the outcomes. Overall, 7057 AHF patients from eighteen follow-up studies were included. Higher serum galectin-3 was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (adjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.58; p < 0.001), mortality/HF rehospitalization (RR, 1.68; p < 0.001), and cardiovascular mortality (RR, 1.29; p = 0.04), but not HF rehospitalization (RR, 1.24; p = 0.25) in AHF patients. Subgroup analyses showed that study characteristics including study design, sample size, age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, galectin-3 variable type, follow-up duration, and adjustment of type B natriuretic peptide did not significantly impact the results. Significant heterogeneities were detected for the outcomes of all-cause mortality and mortality/HF rehospitalization. However, trim-and-fill analyses by including the imputed studies to generate symmetrical funnel plots showed similar significant meta-analysis results. These results suggested that higher serum galectin-3 may be associated with poor prognosis in AHF patients. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying the potential prognostic role of galectin-3 in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Xiangshan, No. 291 Donggu Road, Xiangshan County, Ningbo, 315700, China.
| | - Chensong Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Xiangshan, No. 291 Donggu Road, Xiangshan County, Ningbo, 315700, China
| | - Junjie Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Xiangshan, No. 291 Donggu Road, Xiangshan County, Ningbo, 315700, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Xiangshan, No. 291 Donggu Road, Xiangshan County, Ningbo, 315700, China
| | - Wanshui Nie
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Xiangshan, No. 291 Donggu Road, Xiangshan County, Ningbo, 315700, China
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Zhang M, Xu Y, Jiang L. Sulforaphane attenuates angiotensin II-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury by modulating ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:734-747. [PMID: 31957488 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119893414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate whether sulforaphane (SFN) protects against angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury. Ang II treatment decreased HUVEC viability, increased cell apoptosis, decreased mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), impaired cytochrome c release, activated caspase 3/9, and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity. Moreover, SFN treatment blunted Ang II-stimulated oxidative stress and mitochondria-related apoptosis in HUVECs. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine reduced Ang II-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, indicating that ROS generation is involved in the Ang II-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. SFN induced nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) activation and expression in Ang II-stimulated HUVECs. Downregulation of Nrf2 expression by a target-specific siRNA revealed an Nrf2-dependent effect on the SFN-mediated attenuation of Ang II-induced apoptosis in HUVECs. Pretreatment with brusatol, an Nrf2-specific inhibitor, reversed the protective effects of SFN on Ang II-induced HUVEC injury. SFN treatment protected HUVECs from Ang II-induced damage by decreasing oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dong T, Li H, Wang S, Chen W. Efficacy evaluation of serum galectin-3 in hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:147-152. [PMID: 31853284 PMCID: PMC6909668 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum galectin-3 (Gal-3) in patients with hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction and its predictive value for efficacy were investigated. One hundred patients with hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled as group A, symptomatically treated with conventional drugs. Further 80 individuals undergoing physical examination during the same period were enrolled as group B. Patients in the two groups were subjected to echocardiography to observe mitral valve early peak flow velocity (EPFV), atrial peak flow velocity (APFV), maximum flow velocity ratio of early to atrial diastole (EPFV/APFV) and peak mitral annulus velocity (E/E′). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum Gal-3 concentration. According to efficacy after treatment, patients in group A were divided into the effective group (71 patients) and the invalid group (29 patients). Gal-3 concentration in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). After treatment, the concentration in group A was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.05), but significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). Gal-3 concentration was significantly higher in patients with cardiac function grades II, III and IV than that in patients with grade I (P<0.05). According to Spearman's test, Gal-3 concentration was positively correlated with cardiac function grading (r=0.569, P<0.001). Compared with before treatment in group A, patients after treatment had significantly higher EPFV and EPFV/APFV (P<0.05), but significantly lower APFV and E/E′ (P<0.05). Before treatment, Gal-3 concentration in the effective group was significantly lower than that in the invalid group (P<0.05). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under curve (AUC) of Gal-3 concentration for evaluating efficacy was 0.792, the sensitivity was 73.24%, and the specificity was 79.31%. In conclusion, Gal-3 may be involved in the development and progression of hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction. Its concentration increases with the rise of cardiac function grading but significantly decreases after treatment. Therefore, Gal-3 concentration before treatment can be used as a potential predictor of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Weida Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
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Martínez-Martínez E, Brugnolaro C, Ibarrola J, Ravassa S, Buonafine M, López B, Fernández-Celis A, Querejeta R, Santamaria E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Rábago G, Moreno MU, Jaisser F, Díez J, González A, López-Andrés N. CT-1 (Cardiotrophin-1)-Gal-3 (Galectin-3) Axis in Cardiac Fibrosis and Inflammation. Hypertension 2019; 73:602-611. [PMID: 30612490 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a main contributor to the development of heart failure (HF). CT-1 (cardiotrophin-1) and Gal-3 (galectin-3) are increased in HF and associated with myocardial fibrosis. The aim of this study is to analyze whether CT-1 regulates Gal-3. Proteomic analysis revealed that Gal-3 was upregulated by CT-1 in human cardiac fibroblasts in parallel with other profibrotic and proinflammatory markers. CT-1 upregulation of Gal-3 was mediated by ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) 1/2 and Stat-3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathways. Male Wistar rats and B6CBAF1 mice treated with CT-1 (20 µg/kg per day) presented higher cardiac Gal-3 levels and myocardial fibrosis. In CT-1-treated rats, direct correlations were found between cardiac CT-1 and Gal-3 levels, as well as between Gal-3 and perivascular fibrosis. Gal-3 genetic disruption in human cardiac fibroblasts and pharmacological Gal-3 inhibition in mice prevented the profibrotic and proinflammatory effects of CT-1. Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats with diastolic dysfunction showed increased cardiac CT-1 and Gal-3 expression together with cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. CT-1 and Gal-3 directly correlated with myocardial fibrosis. In HF patients, myocardial and plasma CT-1 and Gal-3 were increased and directly correlated. In addition, HF patients with high CT-1 and Gal-3 plasma levels presented an increased risk of cardiovascular death. Our data suggest that CT-1 upregulates Gal-3 which, in turn, mediates the proinflammatory and profibrotic myocardial effects of CT-1. The elevation of both molecules in HF patients identifies a subgroup of patients with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality. The CT-1/Gal-3 axis emerges as a candidate therapeutic target and a potential prognostic biomarker in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (E.M.-M., J.I., A.F.-C., N.L.-A.).,INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France (E.M.M., M.B., F.J.)
| | - Cristina Brugnolaro
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (C.B., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.)
| | - Jaime Ibarrola
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (E.M.-M., J.I., A.F.-C., N.L.-A.)
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (C.B., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid. Spain (S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.)
| | - Mathieu Buonafine
- INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France (E.M.M., M.B., F.J.)
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (C.B., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid. Spain (S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.)
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (E.M.-M., J.I., A.F.-C., N.L.-A.)
| | - Ramón Querejeta
- Department of Cardiology, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia, Basque Country University, San Sebastián, Spain (R.Q.)
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain (E.S., J.F.-I.)
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain (E.S., J.F.-I.)
| | - Gregorio Rábago
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery (G.R., J.D.), Clinic Universtity of Navarra, Pamplona. Spain
| | - María U Moreno
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (C.B., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid. Spain (S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.)
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France (E.M.M., M.B., F.J.).,INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, France (F.J., N.L.-A.)
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (C.B., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid. Spain (S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.).,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery (G.R., J.D.), Clinic Universtity of Navarra, Pamplona. Spain.,Department of Nephrology (J.D.), Clinic Universtity of Navarra, Pamplona. Spain
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (C.B., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid. Spain (S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.D., A.G.)
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona. Spain (E.M.-M., J.I., A.F.-C., N.L.-A.).,INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, France (F.J., N.L.-A.)
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Du X, Zhao W, Nguyen M, Lu Q, Kiriazis H. β-Adrenoceptor activation affects galectin-3 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in heart disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2449-2464. [PMID: 30756388 PMCID: PMC6592856 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a key histopathological component that drives the progression of heart disease leading to heart failure and constitutes a therapeutic target. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have implicated galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a pro-fibrotic molecule and a biomarker of heart disease and fibrosis. However, our knowledge is poor on the mechanism(s) that determine the blood level or regulate cardiac expression of Gal-3. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhanced β-adrenoceptor activity is a determinant of both circulating concentration and cardiac expression of Gal-3. Pharmacological or transgenic activation of β-adrenoceptors leads to increased blood levels of Gal-3 and up-regulated cardiac Gal-3 expression, effect that can be reversed with the use of β-adrenoceptor antagonists. Conversely, Gal-3 gene deletion confers protection against isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity and fibrogenesis. At the transcription level, β-adrenoceptor stimulation activates cardiac mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 1, a pivotal kinase of the Hippo signalling pathway, which is associated with Gal-3 up-regulation. Recent studies have suggested a role for the β-adrenoceptor-Hippo signalling pathway in the regulation of cardiac Gal-3 expression thereby contributing to the onset and progression of heart disease. This implies a therapeutic potential of the suppression of Gal-3 expression. In this review, we discuss the effects of β-adrenoceptor activity on Gal-3 as a biomarker and causative mediator in the setting of heart disease and point out pivotal knowledge gaps. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Wei‐Bo Zhao
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - My‐Nhan Nguyen
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Qun Lu
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First HospitalXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
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Han J, Ye S, Zou C, Chen T, Wang J, Li J, Jiang L, Xu J, Huang W, Wang Y, Liang G. Angiotensin II Causes Biphasic STAT3 Activation Through TLR4 to Initiate Cardiac Remodeling. Hypertension 2019; 72:1301-1311. [PMID: 30571233 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that Ang II (angiotensin II) activates STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) in cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying STAT3 activation and downstream responses are not fully known. In this study, we show that Ang II caused biphasic STAT3 activation in cardiomyocytes. A rapid and early activation was mediated by direct association between TLR4 (toll-like receptor-4) and STAT3. This early activation increased IL-6 (interleukin-6) production, which in turn, induced the second STAT3 activation through the IL-6/gp130 (glycoprotein 130)/JAK2 (Janus-family tyrosine kinases 2) pathway, resulting in unregulated expression of genes for cardiac remodeling. Moreover, STAT3 inhibition or TLR4 knockout in mice protected against Ang II-induced hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac functional deficits. Thus, Ang II-induced STAT3 activation in cardiomyocytes was biphasic, providing a sequential induction of IL-6 and myocardial remodeling genes, respectively. This work supports a novel mechanism on STAT3 activation in Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Han
- From the Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., J.W., J.L., Y.W., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., W.H.).,Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., L.J., J.X.)
| | - Shiju Ye
- From the Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., J.W., J.L., Y.W., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., W.H.)
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Taiwei Chen
- From the Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., J.W., J.L., Y.W., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., W.H.)
| | - Jingying Wang
- From the Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., J.W., J.L., Y.W., G.L.)
| | - Jieli Li
- From the Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., J.W., J.L., Y.W., G.L.)
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., L.J., J.X.)
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., L.J., J.X.)
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., W.H.)
| | - Yi Wang
- From the Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., J.W., J.L., Y.W., G.L.)
| | - Guang Liang
- From the Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (J.H., S.Y., T.C., J.W., J.L., Y.W., G.L.)
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DeBerge M, Shah SJ, Wilsbacher L, Thorp EB. Macrophages in Heart Failure with Reduced versus Preserved Ejection Fraction. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:328-340. [PMID: 30737012 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing number of individuals living with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Long-term prognosis remains poor in both cases, especially in HFpEF, which is rising in incidence and lacks effective therapeutics. In both HFrEF and HFpEF, there is evidence that elevated inflammatory biomarkers, implicating innate immune cells such as macrophages, are associated with worsened clinical outcomes. Macrophage subsets are active in both inflammatory and reparative processes, yet our understanding of the causative roles for these cells in HF development and progression is incomplete. Here, we discuss recent findings interrogating the role of macrophages in inflammation and its resolution in the context of HF, with a specific focus on HFrEF versus HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Wilsbacher
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Galectin-1 as an Emerging Mediator of Cardiovascular Inflammation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8696543. [PMID: 30524200 PMCID: PMC6247465 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8696543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an evolutionarily conserved β-galactoside-binding lectin, controls immune cell homeostasis and tempers acute and chronic inflammation by blunting proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, engaging T-cell apoptotic programs, promoting expansion of T regulatory (Treg) cells, and deactivating antigen-presenting cells. In addition, this lectin promotes angiogenesis by co-opting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 signaling pathway. Since a coordinated network of immunomodulatory and proangiogenic mediators controls cardiac homeostasis, this lectin has been proposed to play a key hierarchical role in cardiac pathophysiology via glycan-dependent regulation of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of Gal-1 in cardiovascular diseases including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, Chagas cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and ischemic stroke, highlighting underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Whereas Gal-1 administration emerges as a potential novel treatment option in acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, Gal-1 blockade may contribute to attenuate pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Zivlas C, Triposkiadis F, Psarras S, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis I, Chryssanthopoulos S, Kapelouzou A, Ramcharitar S, Barnes E, Papasteriadis E, Cokkinos D. Cystatin C and galectin-3 as therapeutic targets in heart failure. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:233-235. [PMID: 29848191 DOI: 10.1177/1753944718778470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Zivlas
- Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Marlborough Road, Swindon, SN3 6BB, UK
| | | | - Stelios Psarras
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Giamouzis
- Department of Cardiology, Larissa University Hospital, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Steve Ramcharitar
- Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Swindon, UK
| | - Edward Barnes
- Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Swindon, UK
| | | | - Dennis Cokkinos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a role in tissue inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. This article specifically focuses on heart failure (HF), in which galectin-3 has been shown to be a useful biomarker in prognosis and risk stratification, especially in HF with preserved ejection fraction. Experimental research has shown that galectin-3 directly induces pathologic remodeling of the heart, and is therefore considered a culprit protein in the development of cardiac fibrosis in HF, with potentially relevant clinical implications. In summary, galectin-3 is a biomarker and biotarget in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis and future research will target galectin-3-centered diseases.
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Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Virag JAI, de Castro Brás LE, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Guidelines for measuring cardiac physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H733-H752. [PMID: 29351456 PMCID: PMC5966769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, and translational research is needed to understand better mechanisms whereby the left ventricle responds to injury. Mouse models of heart disease have provided valuable insights into mechanisms that occur during cardiac aging and in response to a variety of pathologies. The assessment of cardiovascular physiological responses to injury or insult is an important and necessary component of this research. With increasing consideration for rigor and reproducibility, the goal of this guidelines review is to provide best-practice information regarding how to measure accurately cardiac physiology in animal models. In this article, we define guidelines for the measurement of cardiac physiology in mice, as the most commonly used animal model in cardiovascular research. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-measuring-cardiac-physiology-in-mice/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
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Suthahar N, Meijers WC, Silljé HH, Ho JE, Liu FT, de Boer RA. Galectin-3 Activation and Inhibition in Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Theranostics 2018; 8:593-609. [PMID: 29344292 PMCID: PMC5771079 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a versatile protein orchestrating several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. In the last decade, considerable interest in galectin-3 has emerged because of its potential role as a biotarget. Galectin-3 is differentially expressed depending on the tissue type, however its expression can be induced under conditions of tissue injury or stress. Galectin-3 overexpression and secretion is associated with several diseases and is extensively studied in the context of fibrosis, heart failure, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Monomeric (extracellular) galectin-3 usually undergoes further "activation" which significantly broadens the spectrum of biological activity mainly by modifying its carbohydrate-binding properties. Self-interactions of this protein appear to play a crucial role in regulating the extracellular activities of this protein, however there is limited and controversial data on the mechanisms involved. We therefore summarize (recent) literature in this area and describe galectin-3 from a binding perspective providing novel insights into mechanisms by which galectin-3 is known to be "activated" and how such activation may be regulated in pathophysiological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Suthahar
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Meijers
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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DeBerge M, Zhang S, Glinton K, Grigoryeva L, Hussein I, Vorovich E, Ho K, Luo X, Thorp EB. Efferocytosis and Outside-In Signaling by Cardiac Phagocytes. Links to Repair, Cellular Programming, and Intercellular Crosstalk in Heart. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1428. [PMID: 29163503 PMCID: PMC5671945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic sensing and engulfment of dying cells and extracellular bodies initiate an intracellular signaling cascade within the phagocyte that can polarize cellular function and promote communication with neighboring non-phagocytes. Accumulating evidence links phagocytic signaling in the heart to cardiac development, adult myocardial homeostasis, and the resolution of cardiac inflammation of infectious, ischemic, and aging-associated etiology. Phagocytic clearance in the heart may be carried out by professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, and non-professional cells, including myofibrolasts and potentially epithelial cells. During cardiac development, phagocytosis initiates growth cues for early cardiac morphogenesis. In diseases of aging, including myocardial infarction, heightened levels of cell death require efficient phagocytic debridement to salvage further loss of terminally differentiated adult cardiomyocytes. Additional risk factors, including insulin resistance and other systemic risk factors, contribute to inefficient phagocytosis, altered phagocytic signaling, and delayed cardiac inflammation resolution. Under such conditions, inflammatory presentation of myocardial antigen may lead to autoimmunity and even possible rejection of transplanted heart allografts. Increased understanding of these basic mechanisms offers therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristofor Glinton
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luba Grigoryeva
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Islam Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Esther Vorovich
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karen Ho
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Brown SM, Smith CE, Meuth AI, Khan M, Aroor AR, Cleeton HM, Meininger GA, Sowers JR, DeMarco VG, Chandrasekar B, Nistala R, Bender SB. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition With Saxagliptin Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3592-3604. [PMID: 28977602 PMCID: PMC5659692 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is common in hypertension and obesity and contributes to cardiac diastolic dysfunction, a condition for which no treatment currently exists. In light of recent reports that antihyperglycemia incretin enhancing dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors exert cardioprotective effects, we examined the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin (Saxa) attenuates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J mice were infused with either Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) or vehicle for 3 weeks receiving either Saxa (10 mg/kg/d) or placebo during the final 2 weeks. Echocardiography revealed Ang II-induced diastolic dysfunction, evidenced by impaired septal wall motion and prolonged isovolumic relaxation, coincident with aortic stiffening. Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy, coronary periarterial fibrosis, TRAF3-interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2)-dependent proinflammatory signaling [p-p65, p-c-Jun, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-18] associated with increased cardiac macrophage, but not T cell, gene expression. Flow cytometry revealed Ang II-induced increases of cardiac CD45+F4/80+CD11b+ and CD45+F4/80+CD11c+ macrophages and CD45+CD4+ lymphocytes. Treatment with Saxa reduced plasma DPP-4 activity and abrogated Ang II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction independent of aortic stiffening or blood pressure. Furthermore, Saxa attenuated Ang II-induced periarterial fibrosis and cardiac inflammation, but not hypertrophy or cardiac macrophage infiltration. Analysis of Saxa-induced changes in cardiac leukocytes revealed Saxa-dependent reduction of the Ang II-mediated increase of cardiac CD11c messenger RNA and increased cardiac CD8 gene expression and memory CD45+CD8+CD44+ lymphocytes. In summary, these results demonstrate that DPP-4 inhibition with Saxa prevents Ang II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction, fibrosis, and inflammation associated with unique shifts in CD11c-expressing leukocytes and CD8+ lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Brown
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Cassandra E. Smith
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Alex I. Meuth
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Maloree Khan
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Annayya R. Aroor
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Hannah M. Cleeton
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - James R. Sowers
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Vincent G. DeMarco
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Shawn B. Bender
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Zhou X, Liang L, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through the Activation of Nrf2/Caspase-3 Signaling. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:299-308. [PMID: 28942440 DOI: 10.1159/000479873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) shows antioxidant activity against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability of HUVECs was revealed by MTT and LDH assay. The cell apoptosis was detected by FITC-PI assay. A fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HUVECs. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3, -4, -8, -9 activities were also measured. RESULTS We found that Ang II treatment increased the generation of ROS, enhanced MPTP opening and cytochrome c release, activated caspase-3/9, and consequently induced HUVEC apoptosis. EGCG treatment-suppressed Ang II induces the oxidative stress of HUVECs and mitochondria-related cell apoptosis. We also showed that the antioxidant activity pathway, including cytochrome c release, MPTP opening, and caspase-3/9 activation, is a key endogenous defensive system in HUVECs, provoking Ang II exposure. Our study revealed that increased expression of Nrf2 by EGCG could partially repress Ang II-induced injury effects. CONCLUSIONS All of our findings indicated that EGCG treatment provides a protective effect for Ang II-induced HUVEC apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, China
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Suthahar N, Meijers WC, Silljé HHW, de Boer RA. From Inflammation to Fibrosis-Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myocardial Tissue Remodelling and Perspectives on Differential Treatment Opportunities. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017; 14:235-250. [PMID: 28707261 PMCID: PMC5527069 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-017-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we highlight the most important cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We also discuss the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in various precursors of heart failure (HF) and how such mechanisms can contribute to myocardial tissue remodelling and development of HF. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, many research articles attempt to elucidate different aspects of the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are major pathophysiological mechanisms operating in the failing heart, regardless of HF aetiology. Currently, novel therapeutic options are available or are being developed to treat HF and these are discussed in this review. A progressive disease needs an aggressive management; however, existing therapies against HF are insufficient. There is a dynamic interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in various precursors of HF such as myocardial infarction (MI), myocarditis and hypertension, and also in HF itself. There is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets and develop advanced therapeutic strategies to combat the syndrome of HF. Understanding and describing the elements of the inflammatory and fibrotic pathways are essential, and specific drugs that target these pathways need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Value of Plasma Galectin-3 Levels in Degenerative Aortic Stenosis: A Single-Center Prospective Study of Patients Referred for Invasive Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050947. [PMID: 28468272 PMCID: PMC5454860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has been implicated in myocardial fibrosis, development of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and transition from compensated LV hypertrophy to overt heart failure (HF), being a novel prognostic marker in HF. Risk stratification is crucial for the choice of the optimal therapy in degenerative aortic stenosis (AS), affecting elderly subjects with coexistent diseases. Our aim was to assess correlates and prognostic value of circulating Gal-3 in real-world patients with degenerative AS referred for invasive treatment. Gal-3 levels were measured at admission in 80 consecutive patients with symptomatic degenerative AS (mean age: 79 ± 8 years; aortic valve area (AVA) index: 0.4 ± 0.1 cm²/m²). The therapeutic strategy was chosen following a dedicated multidisciplinary team-oriented approach, including surgical valve replacement (n = 11), transcatheter valve implantation (n = 19), balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) (n = 25) and optimal medical therapy (n = 25). Besides routine echocardiographic indices, valvulo-arterial impedance (Zva), an index of global LV afterload, was computed. There were 22 deaths over a median follow-up of 523 days. Baseline Gal-3 correlated negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = -0.61, p < 0.001) and was unrelated to age, symptomatic status, AVA index, LV ejection fraction, LV mass index or Zva. For the study group as a whole, Gal-3 tended to predict mortality (Gal-3 >17.8 vs. Gal-3 <17.8 ng/mL; hazard ratio (HR): 2.03 (95% confidence interval, 0.88-4.69), p = 0.09), which was abolished upon adjustment for eGFR (HR: 1.70 (0.61-4.73), p = 0.3). However, in post-BAV patients multivariate-adjusted pre-procedural Gal-3 was associated with worse survival (HR: 7.41 (1.52-36.1), p = 0.01) regardless of eGFR. In conclusion, the inverse eGFR-Gal-3 relationship underlies a weak association between Gal-3 and adverse outcome in patients with degenerative AS referred for invasive therapy irrespective of type of treatment employed. In contrast, pre-procedural Gal-3 appears an independent mortality predictor in high-risk AS patients undergoing BAV.
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Tomek J, Bub G. Hypertension-induced remodelling: on the interactions of cardiac risk factors. J Physiol 2017; 595:4027-4036. [PMID: 28217927 PMCID: PMC5471416 DOI: 10.1113/jp273043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces considerable cardiac remodelling, such as hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and abnormal activity of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system, which are established risk factors in several highly dangerous heart diseases, such as ventricular fibrillation and congestive heart failure. All these risk factors and heart diseases are studied extensively in isolation, but to our knowledge, there is no comprehensive review of their interactions. At the same time, there is growing evidence suggesting that such interactions are numerous and that a successful therapy against a particular condition may have unexpectedly weak effects on mortality, as treated patients may die of a different cause exacerbated by the therapy. In this article, we present a multiscale review of the literature focusing on the relationships between the above‐mentioned risk factors and heart diseases, and introduce a framework that gives insight into their possible interactions. We use this framework to demonstrate that conditions such as fibrosis and elevated activity of the sympathetic nervous system may be compensatory, rather than purely pathological, mechanisms in certain contexts. Finally, we show why the described mechanisms are relevant not only in hypertension, but also in the case of healed myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tomek
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gil Bub
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Canada
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