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Xu Y, Duan Y, Xu S, He X, Guo J, Shi J, Zhang Y, Jia M, Li M, Wu C, Wu L, Jiang M, Chen X, Ji X, Wu D. Mild hypothermia therapy attenuates early BBB leakage in acute ischaemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241275761. [PMID: 39157938 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241275761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy inevitably leads to brain-blood barrier (BBB) disruption and promotes damage despite its benefits for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). An effective brain cytoprotective treatment is still needed as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy. Here, we explore the potential benefits of therapeutic hypothermia (HT) in attenuating early BBB leakage and improving neurological outcomes. Mild HT was induced during the early and peri-recanalization stages in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (tMCAO/R). The results showed that mild HT attenuated early BBB leakage in AIS, decreased the infarction volume, and improved functional outcomes. RNA sequencing data of the microvessels indicated that HT decreased the transcription of the actin polymerization-related pathway. We further discovered that HT attenuated the ROCK1/MLC pathway, leading to a decrease in the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin. Arachidonic acid (AA), a known structural ROCK agonist, partially counteracted the protective effects of HT in the tMCAO/R model. Our study highlights the importance of early vascular protection during reperfusion and provides a new strategy for attenuating early BBB leakage by HT treatment for ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Duan
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaili Xu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoduo He
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Milan Jia
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miaowen Jiang
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonong Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Menter DG, Bresalier RS. An Aspirin a Day: New Pharmacological Developments and Cancer Chemoprevention. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:165-186. [PMID: 36202092 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052020-023107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent the progression or recurrence of cancer. A large body of preclinical and clinical data suggest the ability of aspirin to prevent precursor lesions and cancers, but much of the clinical data are inferential and based on descriptive epidemiology, case control, and cohort studies or studies designed to answer other questions (e.g., cardiovascular mortality). Multiple pharmacological, clinical, and epidemiologic studies suggest that aspirin can prevent certain cancers but may also cause other effects depending on the tissue or disease and organ site in question. The best-known biological targets of aspirin are cyclooxygenases, which drive a wide variety of functions, including hemostasis, inflammation, and immune modulation. Newly recognized molecular and cellular interactions suggest additional modifiable functional targets, and the existence of consensus molecular cancer subtypes suggests that aspirin may have differential effects based on tumor heterogeneity. This review focuses on new pharmacological developments and innovations in biopharmacology that clarify the potential role of aspirin in cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA;
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Mitchell JA, Shala F, Pires MEL, Loy RY, Ravendren A, Benson J, Urquhart P, Nicolaou A, Herschman HR, Kirkby NS. Endothelial cyclooxygenase-1 paradoxically drives local vasoconstriction and atherogenesis despite underpinning prostacyclin generation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/12/eabf6054. [PMID: 33741600 PMCID: PMC7978428 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cyclooxygenase-1-derived prostanoids, including prostacyclin, have clear cardioprotective roles associated with their anti-thrombotic potential but have also been suggested to have paradoxical pathological activities within arteries. To date it has not been possible to test the importance of this because no models have been available that separate vascular cyclooxygenase-1 products from those generated elsewhere. Here, we have used unique endothelial-specific cyclooxygenase-1 knockout mice to show that endothelial cyclooxygenase-1 produces both protective and pathological products. Functionally, however, the overall effect of these was to drive pathological responses in the context of both vasoconstriction in vitro and the development of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in vivo. These data provide the first demonstration of a pathological role for the vascular cyclooxygenase-1 pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. They also emphasize that, across biology, the role of prostanoids is not always predictable due to unique balances of context, products, and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Mitchell
- Cardio-Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fisnik Shala
- Cardio-Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Elisa Lopes Pires
- Cardio-Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Y Loy
- Cardio-Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Ravendren
- Cardio-Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Benson
- Cardio-Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Urquhart
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Kirkby
- Cardio-Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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4
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Kanikarla-Marie P, Kopetz S, Hawk ET, Millward SW, Sood AK, Gresele P, Overman M, Honn K, Menter DG. Bioactive lipid metabolism in platelet "first responder" and cancer biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:439-454. [PMID: 30112590 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelets can serve as "first responders" in cancer and metastasis. This is partly due to bioactive lipid metabolism that drives both platelet and cancer biology. The two primary eicosanoid metabolites that maintain platelet rapid response homeostasis are prostacyclin made by endothelial cells that inhibits platelet function, which is counterbalanced by thromboxane produced by platelets during activation, aggregation, and platelet recruitment. Both of these arachidonic acid metabolites are inherently unstable due to their chemical structure. Tumor cells by contrast predominantly make more chemically stable prostaglandin E2, which is the primary bioactive lipid associated with inflammation and oncogenesis. Pharmacological, clinical, and epidemiologic studies demonstrate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which target cyclooxygenases, can help prevent cancer. Much of the molecular and biological impact of these drugs is generally accepted in the field. Cyclooxygenases catalyze the rate-limiting production of substrate used by all synthase molecules, including those that produce prostaglandins along with prostacyclin and thromboxane. Additional eicosanoid metabolites include lipoxygenases, leukotrienes, and resolvins that can also influence platelets, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Our knowledge base and technology are now progressing toward identifying newer molecular and cellular interactions that are leading to revealing additional targets. This review endeavors to summarize new developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla-Marie
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Office of the Vice President Cancer Prevention and Population Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Steven W Millward
- Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynocologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Overman
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenneth Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave. 430 Chemistry, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Cancer Biology Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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5
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Kandhi S, Zhang B, Froogh G, Qin J, Alruwaili N, Le Y, Yang YM, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Wolin MS, Huang A, Sun D. EETs promote hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction via constrictor prostanoids. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L350-L359. [PMID: 28450284 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) facilitate pulmonary responses to hypoxia, male wild-type (WT) and soluble-epoxide hydrolase knockout (sEH-KO) mice, and WT mice chronically fed a sEH inhibitor (t-TUCB; 1 mg·kg-1·day-1) were used. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was recorded under control and hypoxic conditions. The control RVSP was comparable among all groups. However, hypoxia elicited increases in RVSP in all groups with predominance in sEH-KO and t-TUCB-treated mice. 14,15-EEZE (an EET antagonist) attenuated the hypoxia-induced greater elevation of RVSP in sEH-deficient mice, suggesting an EET-mediated increment. Exogenous 5,6-; 8,9-, or 14,15-EET (0.05 ng/g body wt) did not change RVSP in any conditions, but 11,12-EET enhanced RVSP under hypoxia. Isometric tension was recorded from pulmonary arteries isolated from WT and sEH-KO mice, vessels that behaved identically in their responsiveness to vasoactive agents and vessel stretch. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV, expressed as increases in hypoxic force) was significantly greater in vessels of sEH-KO than WT vessels; the enhanced component was inhibited by EEZE. Treatment of WT vessels with 11,12-EET enhanced HPV to the same level as sEH-KO vessels, confirming EETs as primary players. Inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COXs) significantly enhanced HPV in WT vessels, but attenuated HPV in sEH-KO vessels. Blocking/inhibiting COX-1, prostaglandin H2 (PGH2)/thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptors and TXA synthase prevented the enhanced HPV in sEH-KO vessels but had no effects on WT vessels. In conclusion, an EET-dependent alteration in PG metabolism that favors the action of vasoconstrictor PGH2 and TXA2 potentiates HPV and hypoxia-induced elevation of RVSP in sEH-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of GI Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ghezal Froogh
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of GI Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Norah Alruwaili
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Yicong Le
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Yang-Ming Yang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - An Huang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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6
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Pialoux V, Poulin MJ, Hemmelgarn BR, Muruve DA, Chirico EN, Faes C, Sola DY, Ahmed SB. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Limits Angiotensin II-Induced DNA Oxidation and Protein Nitration in Humans. Front Physiol 2017; 8:138. [PMID: 28344559 PMCID: PMC5344903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, celecoxib is associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, though the mechanism remains unclear. Angiotensin II is an important mediator of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of vascular disease. Cyclooxygenase-2 may modify the effects of angiotensin II though this has never been studied in humans. The purpose of the study was to test the effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on plasma measures of oxidative stress, the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1, and nitric oxide metabolites, both at baseline and in respose to Angiotensin II challenge in healthy humans. Measures of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products, nitrotyrosine, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide metabolites were assessed from plasma samples drawn at baseline and in response to graded angiotensin II infusion (3 ng/kg/min × 30 min, 6 ng/kg/min × 30 min) before and after 14 days of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in 14 healthy subjects (eight male, six female) in high salt balance, a state of maximal renin angiotensin system suppression. Angiotensin II infusion significantly increased plasma oxidative stress compared to baseline (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; +17%; advanced oxidation protein products; +16%), nitrotyrosine (+76%). Furthermore, levels of endothelin-1 levels were significantly increased (+115%) and nitric oxide metabolites were significantly decreased (−20%). Cycloxygenase-2 inhibition significantly limited the increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, nitrotyrosine and the decrease in nitric oxide metabolites induced by angiotensin II infusion, though no changes in advanced oxidation protein products and endothelin-1 concentrations were observed. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib partially limited the angiotensin II-mediated increases in markers of oxidative stress in humans, offering a potential physiological pathway for the improved cardiovascular risk profile of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Faculty of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brenda R Hemmelgarn
- Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erica N Chirico
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA
| | - Camille Faes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Darlene Y Sola
- Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Kandhi S, Qin J, Froogh G, Jiang H, Luo M, Wolin MS, Huang A, Sun D. EET-dependent potentiation of pulmonary arterial pressure: sex-different regulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1478-86. [PMID: 26498250 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00208.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that suppression of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolism via genetic knockout of the gene for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH-KO), or female-specific downregulation of sEH expression, plays a role in the potentiation of pulmonary hypertension. We used male (M) and female (F) wild-type (WT) and sEH-KO mice; the latter have high pulmonary EETs. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in control and in response to in vivo administration of U46619 (thromboxane analog), 14,15-EET, and 14,15-EEZE [14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(z)-enoic acid; antagonist of EETs] were recorded. Basal RVSP was comparable among all groups of mice, whereas MABP was significantly lower in F-WT than M-WT mice and further reduced predominantly in F-KO compared with M-KO mice. U46619 dose dependently increased RVSP and MABP in all groups of mice. The increase in RVSP was significantly greater and coincided with smaller increases in MABP in M-KO and F-WT mice compared with M-WT mice. In F-KO mice, the elevation of RVSP by U46619 was even higher than in M-KO and F-WT mice, associated with the least increase in MABP. 14,15-EEZE prevented the augmentation of U46619-induced elevation of RVSP in sEH-KO mice, whereas 14,15-EET-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction was comparable in all groups of mice. sEH expression in the lungs was reduced, paralleled with higher levels of EETs in F-WT compared with M-WT mice. In summary, EETs initiate pulmonary vasoconstriction but act as vasodilators systemically. High pulmonary EETs, as a function of downregulation or deletion of sEH, potentiate U46619-induced increases in RVSP in a female-susceptible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York; Department of Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ghezal Froogh
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Houli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai 9th Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - An Huang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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8
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Mourmoura E, Chaté V, Couturier K, Laillet B, Vial G, Rigaudiere JP, Morio B, Malpuech-Brugère C, Azarnoush K, Demaison L. Body adiposity dictates different mechanisms of increased coronary reactivity related to improved in vivo cardiac function. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:54. [PMID: 24572210 PMCID: PMC3996056 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saturated fatty acid-rich high fat (HF) diets trigger abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiac dysfunction. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of nascent obesity on the cardiac function of animals fed a high-fat diet and at analyzing the mechanisms by which these alterations occurred at the level of coronary reserve. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were fed a control (C) or a HF diet containing high proportions of saturated fatty acids for 3 months. Thereafter, their cardiac function was evaluated in vivo using a pressure probe inserted into the cavity of the left ventricle. Their heart was isolated, perfused iso-volumetrically according to the Langendorff mode and the coronary reserve was evaluated by determining the endothelial-dependent (EDV) and endothelial-independent (EIV) vasodilatations in the absence and presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (L-NAME and indomethacin). The fatty acid composition of cardiac phospholipids was then evaluated. RESULTS Although all the HF-fed rats increased their abdominal adiposity, some of them did not gain body weight (HF- group) compared to the C group whereas other ones had a higher body weight (HF+). All HF rats displayed a higher in vivo cardiac activity associated with an increased EDV. In the HF- group, the improved EDV was due to an increase in the endothelial cell vasodilatation activity whereas in the HF+ group, the enhanced EDV resulted from an improved sensitivity of coronary smooth muscle cells to nitric oxide. Furthermore, in the HF- group the main pathway implicated in the EDV was the NOS pathway while in the HF+ group the COX pathway. CONCLUSIONS Nascent obesity-induced improvement of cardiac function may be supported by an enhanced coronary reserve occurring via different mechanisms. These mechanisms implicate either the endothelial cells activity or the smooth muscle cells sensitivity depending on the body adiposity of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Mourmoura
- Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, BP 53, Grenoble F-38041, France
- U1055 INSERM, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - Valérie Chaté
- Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, BP 53, Grenoble F-38041, France
- U1055 INSERM, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - Karine Couturier
- Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, BP 53, Grenoble F-38041, France
- U1055 INSERM, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - Brigitte Laillet
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Vial
- INSERM UMR-1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon 1, INRA USC1362, INSA de Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller et Charles Merieux Lyon-Sud, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Jean-Paul Rigaudiere
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- INSERM UMR-1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon 1, INRA USC1362, INSA de Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller et Charles Merieux Lyon-Sud, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kasra Azarnoush
- Heart surgery Department, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luc Demaison
- Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, BP 53, Grenoble F-38041, France
- U1055 INSERM, Grenoble F-38041, France
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Laughlin MH, Davis MJ, Secher NH, van Lieshout JJ, Arce-Esquivel AA, Simmons GH, Bender SB, Padilla J, Bache RJ, Merkus D, Duncker DJ. Peripheral circulation. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:321-447. [PMID: 23728977 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow (BF) increases with increasing exercise intensity in skeletal, respiratory, and cardiac muscle. In humans during maximal exercise intensities, 85% to 90% of total cardiac output is distributed to skeletal and cardiac muscle. During exercise BF increases modestly and heterogeneously to brain and decreases in gastrointestinal, reproductive, and renal tissues and shows little to no change in skin. If the duration of exercise is sufficient to increase body/core temperature, skin BF is also increased in humans. Because blood pressure changes little during exercise, changes in distribution of BF with incremental exercise result from changes in vascular conductance. These changes in distribution of BF throughout the body contribute to decreases in mixed venous oxygen content, serve to supply adequate oxygen to the active skeletal muscles, and support metabolism of other tissues while maintaining homeostasis. This review discusses the response of the peripheral circulation of humans to acute and chronic dynamic exercise and mechanisms responsible for these responses. This is accomplished in the context of leading the reader on a tour through the peripheral circulation during dynamic exercise. During this tour, we consider what is known about how each vascular bed controls BF during exercise and how these control mechanisms are modified by chronic physical activity/exercise training. The tour ends by comparing responses of the systemic circulation to those of the pulmonary circulation relative to the effects of exercise on the regional distribution of BF and mechanisms responsible for control of resistance/conductance in the systemic and pulmonary circulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Kylhammar D, Rådegran G. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonism attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in a porcine model. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:507-19. [PMID: 22554045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) causes pulmonary hypertension that may lead to right heart failure. We hypothesized that the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide and the thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonist daltroban would attenuate HPV. METHODS Haemodynamic measurements and blood sampling were performed in 18 anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs, with mean ± SEM weights of 31.3 ± 0.6 kg, in normoxia (F(i)O(2)~0.21) and hypoxia (F(i)O(2)~0.10), before and 5, 15 and 45 min after initiation of right atrial infusion of nimesulide (n = 6) or daltroban (n = 6), respectively, and in six control pigs. RESULTS Compared with normoxia, hypoxia (n = 18) increased mean pulmonary artery pressure by 15.8 ± 0.8 mmHg (P < 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 2.7 ± 0.3 WU (P < 0.05) and mean right atrial pressure by 2.3 ± 0.3 mmHg (P < 0.001). In the control pigs, mean pulmonary artery pressure, PVR and mean right atrial pressure remained stable (P = ns) throughout 45 min hypoxia, compared with hypoxia baseline. Nimesulide decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure by 3.7 ± 1.3 mmHg after 45 min (P < 0.013), as well as PVR by 0.8 ± 0.2 WU (P < 0.05), levelling off after 15 min. Daltroban transiently increased (P < 0.001) mean pulmonary artery pressure and mean right atrial pressure by 7.2 ± 1.2 and 2.7 ± 0.4 mmHg, respectively, but they returned to hypoxia baseline (P = ns) within 5 min. Daltroban then decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure to after 45 min be 4.2 ± 1.6 mmHg lower (P < 0.005) than at hypoxia baseline. CONCLUSION COX-2 inhibition and thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonism attenuate HPV by decreasing mean pulmonary artery pressure by approximately 10-11%, as measured 45 min after initiation of nimesulide or daltroban infusion respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kylhammar
- The Öresund Cardiovascular Research Collaboration, The Clinic for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Sánchez A, Recio P, Orensanz LM, Bustamante S, Navarro-Dorado J, Climent B, Benedito S, García-Sacristán A, Prieto D, Hernández M. Mechanisms involved in the effects of endothelin-1 in pig prostatic small arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 640:190-6. [PMID: 20493185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in prostatic disorders, the current study investigated the mechanisms underlying the ET-1-induced effects in pig prostatic small arteries. The experiments were performed in rings mounted in microvascular myographs containing physiological saline solution at 37oC for isometric force recordings. On basal tension, ET-1 (0.1-30 nM) evoked concentration-dependent contractions, which were enhanced by endothelium removal. ET-1 contractions were inhibited by blockade of endothelin ETA and ETB receptors, extracellular Ca2+ removal and blockade of voltage-dependent (L-type)- and non-voltage-dependent-Ca2+ channels. On endothelium intact rings precontracted with noradrenaline, the ETB endothelin receptor agonist BQ3020 promoted a concentration-dependent relaxation which was reduced by blockade of ETB receptors, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase and prostanoids synthesis. Endothelium removal abolished its relaxant response and unmasked a BQ3020-induced contraction. Tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, blockers of non-selective K+ channels and voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels, respectively, inhibited the relaxations to BQ3020. Iberiotoxin, apamin and glibenclamide, blockers of large and small Ca2+-activated- and ATP-dependent- K+ channels, respectively, failed to modify these responses. These data suggest that ET-1 promotes contraction of pig prostatic small arteries by activating vascular smooth muscle contractile endothelin ETA and ETB receptors coupled to extracellular Ca2+ entry, via voltage-dependent (L-type)- and non-voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, also being due to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. In addition, a population of endothelial ETB receptors mediates vasorelaxation via NO-cGMP pathway, vasodilator cyclooxygenase product(s) and Kv channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Ochoa CD, Yu L, Al-Ansari E, Hales CA, Quinn DA. Thrombospondin-1 null mice are resistant to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 5:32. [PMID: 20441584 PMCID: PMC2877040 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic hypoxia induces pulmonary hypertension in mice. Smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and medial thickening characterize the vasculature of these animals. Thrombospondin-1 null (TSP-1(-/-)) mice spontaneously develop pulmonary smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and medial thickening. In addition, TSP-1 produced by the pulmonary endothelium inhibits pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell growth. Based on these observations we sought to describe the pulmonary vascular changes in TSP-1(-/-) mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. METHODS We exposed TSP-1(-/-) and wild type (WT) mice to a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.1 for up to six weeks. Pulmonary vascular remodeling was evaluated using tissue morphometrics. Additionally, right ventricle systolic pressures (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy by right ventricle/left ventricle + septum ratios (RV/LV+S) were measured to evaluate pulmonary hypertensive changes. Finally, acute pulmonary vasoconstriction response in both TSP-1(-/-) and WT mice was evaluated by acute hypoxia and U-46619 (a prostaglandin F2 analog) response. RESULTS In hypoxia, TSP-1(-/-) mice had significantly lower RVSP, RV/LV+S ratios and less pulmonary vascular remodeling when compared to WT mice. TSP-1(-/-) mice also had significantly lower RVSP in response to acute pulmonary vasoconstriction challenges than their WT counterparts. CONCLUSION TSP-1(-/-) mice had diminished pulmonary vasoconstriction response and were less responsive to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension than their wild type counterparts. This observation suggests that TSP-1 could play an active role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiaan D Ochoa
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pérez-Torres I, El Hafidi M, Pavón N, Infante O, Avila-Casado MC, Baños G. Effect of gonadectomy on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in isolated kidney of a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2010; 59:414-23. [PMID: 19801156 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Influence of sex on arachidonic acid metabolism, a pathway involved in the link between metabolic syndrome (MS) and renal damage, was studied in isolated perfused kidney. Metabolic syndrome was induced by feeding 30% sucrose solution for 24 weeks to intact and gonadectomized female (Ovx) and male (Cas) rats. Systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, as well as prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane B(2) from urine and perfusate increased in MS male and MS ovariectomized females; castration reduced them in MS males. Perfusion of arachidonic acid in kidneys from MS males increased perfusion pressure compared with controls. No difference appeared in perfusion pressure between control and MS females. Castration diminished perfusion pressure in MS; the opposite was observed in Ovx MS. Perfusion with arachidonic acid plus indomethacin decreased perfusion pressure in MS male kidneys and in Cas MS. In Ovx MS, arachidonic acid plus indomethacin decreased perfusion pressure, but not in female control, MS, and Ovx control. Increase in perfusion pressure with arachidonic acid in both male MS and Ovx MS was related to cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 overexpression in kidney. Castration reduced the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in MS to control levels. The results suggest that the alteration in arachidonic acid metabolism associated with changes in the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 induced by sucrose intake, and influenced by sex hormones, may contribute to renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 México DF, México
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Sánchez A, Contreras C, Villalba N, Martínez P, Martínez AC, Bríones A, Salaíces M, García-Sacristán A, Hernández M, Prieto D. Altered arachidonic acid metabolism via COX-1 and COX-2 contributes to the endothelial dysfunction of penile arteries from obese Zucker rats. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:604-16. [PMID: 20082610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via cyclooxygenase (COX) in the endothelial dysfunction of penile arteries from pre-diabetic, obese Zucker rats (OZR). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Penile arteries from OZR and from lean Zucker rats (LZR) were mounted in microvascular myographs to assess vascular function and COX expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Acetylcholine (ACh) and AA elicited relaxations that were impaired in arteries from OZR. Inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 reduced the relaxant effects of ACh and AA in LZR but not in OZR. Inhibitors of COX-1 and of the TXA(2)/PGH(2) (TP) receptor enhanced the relaxations induced by AA in both LZR and OZR, whereas COX-2 inhibition enhanced these responses only in OZR. TP receptor blockade did not restore ACh relaxant responses in arteries from OZR. Inhibition of COX-1 increased basal tension in OZR and this contraction was blunted by TP receptor blockade. The vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline were augmented by indomethacin and by COX-2 inhibition in LZR but not in OZR. Immunohistochemical staining showed that both COX-1 and COX-2 are expressed in the endothelium of penile arteries from both LZR and OZR. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Vasoactive prostanoids were formed via constitutively active COX-1 and COX-2 pathways in normal rat penile arteries. Under conditions of insulin resistance, the release and/or effects of vasodilator prostanoids were impaired, contributing to the blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and to the enhanced vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Racz A, Veresh Z, Erdei N, Bagi Z, Koller A. Thromboxane A(2) contributes to the mediation of flow-induced responses of skeletal muscle venules: role of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. J Vasc Res 2009; 46:397-405. [PMID: 19155631 DOI: 10.1159/000194270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that increases in intraluminal flow elicit dilation in venules, but the mediation of response is not yet clarified. We hypothesized that - in addition to nitric oxide (NO) and dilator prostaglandins (PGI(2)/ PGE(2)) - thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) contributes to the mediation of flow-induced responses of venules. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated rat gracilis muscle venules (259 +/- 11 microm at 10 mm Hg) dilated as a function of intraluminal flow, which was augmented in the presence of the TxA(2) receptor antagonist SQ 29,548 or the TxA(2) synthase inhibitor ozagrel. In the presence of SQ 29,548, indomethacin or Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl-ester decreased flow-induced dilations, whereas in their simultaneous presence dilations were abolished. The selective cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 inhibitor SC 560 reduced, whereas the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS 398 enhanced flow-induced dilations. Immunohistochemistry showed that both COX-1 and COX-2 are present in the wall of venules. CONCLUSION In skeletal muscle venules, increases in intraluminal flow elicit production of constrictor TxA(2), in addition to the dilator NO and PGI(2)/PGE(2), with an overall effect of limited dilation. These mediators are likely to have important roles in the multiple feedback regulation of wall shear stress in venules during changes in blood flow velocity and/or viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Racz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
We discuss the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of epicardial adipose tissue and its relationship to coronary atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat stores triglyceride to supply free fatty acids for myocardial energy production and produces adipokines. It shares a common embryological origin with mesenteric and omental fat. Like visceral abdominal fat, epicardial fat thickness, measured by echocardiography, is increased in obesity. Epicardial fat could influence coronary atherogenesis and myocardial function because there is no fibrous fascial layer to impede diffusion of free fatty acids and adipokines between it and the underlying vessel wall as well as the myocardium. Segments of coronary arteries lacking epicardial fat or separated from it by a bridge of myocardial tissue are protected against the development of atherosclerosis in those segments. However, when epicardial fat is totally absent in congenital generalized lipodystrophy, coronary atherosclerosis can still occur. Macrophages are more numerous and densely packed in the periadventitial fat of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries with lipid cores than in that of fibrocalcific or nonatherosclerotic coronary arteries. In obese patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, epicardial fat around atheromatous coronaries secretes several proinflammatory cytokines and is infiltrated by macrophages, lymphocytes, and basophils. Epicardial adipokine expression in obesity without coronary atherosclerosis has not been determined. In nonobese patients, epicardial fat around atheromatous coronary arteries expresses proinflammatory cytokines but produces either less adiponectin, a vasoprotective adipokine, than fat around nonatheromatous coronaries or a similar amount compared with thoracic subcutaneous fat. Further studies should be done to test the hypothesis that adipokines produced by and released from human epicardial adipose tissue might contribute locally to the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold S Sacks
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Tennessee, and Baptist Hospital Heart Institute, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Nossaman BD, Baber SR, Nazim MM, Detrolio JD, Kadowitz PJ. Differential effects of losartan and candesartan on vasoconstrictor responses in the ratThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:360-71. [PMID: 17612645 DOI: 10.1139/y06-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Losartan has been reported to have inhibitory effects on thromboxane (TP) receptor-mediated responses. In the present study, the effects of 2 nonpeptide angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonists, losartan and candesartan, on responses to angiotensin II, the thromboxane A2 mimic, U46619, and norepinephrine were investigated and compared in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds of the intact-chest rat. In this study, intravenous injections of angiotensin II, U46619, and norepinephrine produced dose-related increases in pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure. Losartan and candesartan, in the doses studied, decreased or abolished responses to angiotensin II. Losartan, but not candesartan, and only in a higher dose, produced small, but statistically significant, reductions in pressor responses to U46619 and to norepinephrine in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds. Furthermore, losartan significantly reduced arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, whereas candesartan had no effect. Pressor responses to angiotensin II were not changed by thromboxane and alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists, or by cyclooxygenase and NO synthase inhibitors. These results show that losartan and candesartan are potent selective AT1 receptor antagonists in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds and that losartan can attenuate thromboxane and alpha-adrenergic responses when administered at a high dose, whereas candesartan in the highest dose studied had no effect on responses to U46619 or to norepinephrine. The present data show that the effects of losartan and candesartan on vasoconstrictor responses are different and that pulmonary and systemic pressor responses to angiotensin II are not modulated or mediated by the release of cyclooxygenase products, activation of TP receptors, or the release of NO in the anesthetized rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby D Nossaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Merkus D, Houweling B, de Beer VJ, Everon Z, Duncker DJ. Alterations in endothelial control of the pulmonary circulation in exercising swine with secondary pulmonary hypertension after myocardial infarction. J Physiol 2007; 580:907-23. [PMID: 17289783 PMCID: PMC2075461 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.127118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary pulmonary hypertension after myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with endothelial dysfunction and activation of the endothelin (ET) system. Here, we investigated whether an increased ET-mediated pulmonary vasoconstrictor influence contributes to pulmonary hypertension after MI, and whether this increased ET vasoconstriction is caused by impaired nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoid production. For this purpose, chronically instrumented swine with and without MI ran on a treadmill at 0-4 km h(-1). Mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor blockade (tezosentan) was performed in the absence and presence of single or combined inhibition of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS, with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX, with indometacin). In normal swine, mixed ET(A)/ET(B) blockade decreased pulmonary vascular resistance, but only during exercise. In MI swine, an increased ET-mediated vasoconstrictor influence was observed in the pulmonary circulation both at rest and during exercise. Inhibition of COX resulted in pulmonary vasoconstriction at rest in MI, but not in normal swine; this vasoconstriction in MI swine was normalized by ET(A)/ET(B) receptor blockade. Inhibition of eNOS enhanced the vasodilator response to ET(A)/ET(B) blockade, indicating that NO blunts the pulmonary vasoconstrictor influence of ET. However, this vasodilator response was enhanced to a similar degree in MI and normal swine. In summary, swine with a recent MI are characterized by an exaggerated pulmonary vasoconstrictor influence of ET. This increased ET-mediated pulmonary vasoconstrictor influence is not caused by a loss of NO bioavailability, and is blunted by an increased prostanoid-mediated vasodilatation. In conclusion, an increased ET-mediated vasoconstriction, which does not appear to be the result of loss of endothelial vasodilators, contributes to pulmonary hypertension after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Merkus
- Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcentre, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gardiner SM, March JE, Kemp PA, Bennett T. Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition with or without cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on resting haemodynamics and responses to exendin-4. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:802-9. [PMID: 17016494 PMCID: PMC2014661 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interactions between the NO system and the cyclooxygenase systems may be important in cardiovascular regulation. Here we measured the effects of acute cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition (with parecoxib), alone and in combination with NOS inhibition (with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)), on resting cardiovascular variables and on responses to the glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist, exendin-4, which causes regionally-selective vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were instrumented with flow probes and intravascular catheters to measure regional haemodynamics in the conscious, freely moving state. L-NAME was administered as a primed infusion 180 min after administration of parecoxib or vehicle, and exendin-4 was given 60 min after the onset of L-NAME infusion. KEY RESULTS Parecoxib had no effect on resting cardiovascular variables or on responses to L-NAME. Exendin-4 caused a pressor response accompanied by tachycardia, mesenteric vasoconstriction and hindquarters vasodilatation. Parecoxib did not affect haemodynamic responses to exendin-4, but L-NAME inhibited its hindquarters vasodilator and tachycardic effects. When combined, L-NAME and parecoxib almost abolished the hindquarters vasodilatation while enhancing the pressor response. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cyclooxygenase-2-derived products do not affect basal haemodynamic status in conscious normotensive rats, or influence the NO system acutely. The inhibitory effects of L-NAME on the hindquarters vasodilator and tachycardic effects of exendin-4 are consistent with a previous study that showed those events to be beta-adrenoceptor mediated. The additional effect of parecoxib on responses to exendin-4 in the presence of L-NAME, is consistent with other evidence for enhanced involvement of vasodilator prostanoids when NO production is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gardiner
- Centre for Integrated Systems Biology & Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK.
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Zhou Y, Mitra S, Varadharaj S, Parinandi N, Zweier JL, Flavahan NA. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediates enhanced contraction to endothelin ETA receptor stimulation in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Circ Res 2006; 98:1439-45. [PMID: 16645140 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000224120.52792.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether prolonged loss of NO activity, in endothelial NO synthase knockout (eNOS(-/-)) mice, influences endothelin (ET) ETA receptor-mediated smooth muscle contraction and, if so, to define the underlying mechanism(s). In isolated endothelium-denuded abdominal aortas, contractions to the selective ETA receptor agonist ET-1(1-31) were significantly increased in aortas from eNOS(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, contractions to the alpha1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine or the thromboxane (TX) A2 analog U-46619 were similar between eNOS(-/-) and WT mice. Immunofluorescent and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the aortic expression of ETA receptors was decreased in eNOS(-/-) compared with WT mice. Contractions evoked by ET-1(1-31), but not phenylephrine, were reduced by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (indomethacin or celecoxib) or of TXA2/prostaglandin H2 receptors (SQ-29548). After COX inhibition, contractions to ET-1(1-31) were no longer increased and were actually decreased in eNOS(-/-) compared with WT aortas. Western blot analysis revealed that endothelium-denuded abdominal aortas express COX-2, but not COX-1, and that expression of COX-2 was significantly increased in eNOS(-/-) compared with WT mice. Contractions to the COX substrate arachidonic acid were also increased in eNOS(-/-) aortas. Furthermore, ET-1(1-31) but not phenylephrine stimulated production of the TXA2 metabolite TXB2, which was increased in eNOS(-/-) compared with WT aortas. Therefore, COX-2 plays a crucial and selective role in ETA-mediated smooth muscle contraction. Furthermore, COX-2 expression is increased in eNOS(-/-) mice, which overcomes a reduced expression of ETA receptors and enables a selective increase in contraction to ETA receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbi Zhou
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Kaye AD, Phelps J, Baluch A, Ibrahim IN, Hoover JM, Baber SR, Zhang C, Armstrong C, Huffman S, Fields A. The effects of sufentanil in the feline pulmonary vascular bed. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 534:159-64. [PMID: 16507307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective vehicle controlled study was to test the hypothesis that sufentanil induces a depressor response in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat and identify the receptors involved in the mediation or modulation of these effects. In separate experiments, the effects of diphenydramine (histamine receptor blocker), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), L-N5-(1-Iminoethyl) ornithine hydrochloride (L-NIO) (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), nimesulide (selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor), and naloxone (opiate receptor antagonist) were investigated on pulmonary arterial responses to sufentanil and other agonists in the feline pulmonary vascular bed. The lobar arterial perfusion pressures were continuously monitored, electronically averaged, and recorded. In the feline pulmonary vascular bed of the isolated left lower lobe, sufentanil induced a dose-dependent vasodepressor response that was not significantly altered after administration of glibenclamide, L-NIO, and nimesulide. However, the responses to sufentanil were significantly attenuated following administration of diphenhydramine and naloxone. The results of the present study suggest that sufentanil has potent vasodepressor activity in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat and that this response may be mediated or modulated by both histaminergic and opioid receptor sensitive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States.
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