1
|
Haider KH. Priming mesenchymal stem cells to develop "super stem cells". World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:623-640. [PMID: 38948094 PMCID: PMC11212549 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The stem cell pre-treatment approaches at cellular and sub-cellular levels encompass physical manipulation of stem cells to growth factor treatment, genetic manipulation, and chemical and pharmacological treatment, each strategy having advantages and limitations. Most of these pre-treatment protocols are non-combinative. This editorial is a continuum of Li et al's published article and Wan et al's editorial focusing on the significance of pre-treatment strategies to enhance their stemness, immunoregulatory, and immunosuppressive properties. They have elaborated on the intricacies of the combinative pre-treatment protocol using pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. Applying a well-defined multi-pronged combinatorial strategy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), pre-treatment based on the mechanistic understanding is expected to develop "Super MSCs", which will create a transformative shift in MSC-based therapies in clinical settings, potentially revolutionizing the field. Once optimized, the standardized protocols may be used with slight modifications to pre-treat different stem cells to develop "super stem cells" with augmented stemness, functionality, and reparability for diverse clinical applications with better outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Husnain Haider
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, AlQaseem 52736, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar R, Mishra N, Tran T, Kumar M, Vijayaraghavalu S, Gurusamy N. Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics. Cells 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38786076 PMCID: PMC11120430 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases continue to challenge global health, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. This review delves into the transformative role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in advancing cardiovascular therapeutics. Beginning with a historical perspective, we trace the development of stem cell research related to cardiovascular diseases, highlighting foundational therapeutic approaches and the evolution of cell-based treatments. Recognizing the inherent challenges of MSC-based cardiovascular therapeutics, which range from understanding the pro-reparative activity of MSCs to tailoring patient-specific treatments, we emphasize the need to refine the pro-regenerative capacity of these cells. Crucially, our focus then shifts to the strategies of the fourth generation of cell-based therapies: leveraging the secretomic prowess of MSCs, particularly the role of extracellular vesicles; integrating biocompatible scaffolds and artificial sheets to amplify MSCs' potential; adopting three-dimensional ex vivo propagation tailored to specific tissue niches; harnessing the promise of genetic modifications for targeted tissue repair; and institutionalizing good manufacturing practice protocols to ensure therapeutic safety and efficacy. We conclude with reflections on these advancements, envisaging a future landscape redefined by MSCs in cardiovascular regeneration. This review offers both a consolidation of our current understanding and a view toward imminent therapeutic horizons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Nitin Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Talan Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | | | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren S, Wei Y, Niu M, Li R, Wang R, Wei S, Wen J, Wang D, Yang T, Chen X, Wu S, Tong Y, Jing M, Li H, Wang M, Zhao Y. Mechanism of rutaecarpine on ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer using integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111490. [PMID: 33773465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the mechanism of rutaecarpine (RUT) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer (GU) in mice by integrated approaches. At first, the efficacy was determined through the macroscopic and microscopic state of stomach tissue and the expression levels of GU-related factors. Then, the serum metabolomics method based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to explore the specific metabolites and metabolic pathways. Finally, the upstream key protein targets of these specific metabolites were analyzed by network pharmacology and verified by PCR to explore the potential mechanism. RUT alleviated the histological and pathological damage of gastric tissue caused by ethanol, and could remarkably ameliorate the level of GU-related factors. Subsequently, a total of 7 potential metabolites involved in 9 metabolic pathways were identified by metabolomics analysis. Then, a 'component-targets-metabolites' interaction network was constructed, and therefore 4 key target proteins (PLA2G1B, PDE5A, MIF and SRC) that may regulate the specific metabolites were obtained. This case was further verified by the results of PCR. ALL the above results strongly demonstrated that RUT exerted a gastroprotective effect against GU. And it is the first time to combine metabolomics combined with network pharmacology to elucidate the mechanism of RUT on GU, which may be related to the regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and these pathways may be regulated through the upstream protein PLA2G1B, PDE5A, MIF and SRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yadav M, Kumari P, Yadav V, Kumar S. Pharmacological preconditioning with phosphodiestrase inhibitor: an answer to stem cell survival against ischemic injury through JAK/STAT signaling. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:355-366. [PMID: 31309353 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation in regenerative medicine has been widely used in various disorders including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and emerging next-generation therapy. However, transplanted stem cell encountered ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury which is a major challenge for stem cell survival. During the acute phase after myocardial infarction (MI) cytokine-rich hostile microenvironment, extensive immune cell infiltration and lack of oxygen have been a bottleneck in cell-based therapy. During prolonged ischemia, intracellular pH and ATP level decrease results in anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation. Consequentially, ATPase-dependent ion transport becomes dysfunctional, contributing to calcium overload and cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Although O2 level revitalizes upon reperfusion, a surge in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs with neutrophil infiltration in ischemic tissues further aggravating the injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) of stem cells with a repeated short cycle of IR results in the release of chemical signals such as NO, ROS, and adenosine which triggers a cascade of signaling events that activates protein kinase C (PKC), Src protein tyrosine kinases, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and subsequently increased synthesis of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1], aldose reductase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and anti-apoptotic genes (Mcl-1, BCl-xL, c-FLIPL, c-FLIPS). Pharmacological preconditioning uses a phosphodiestrase inhibitor, another mode of protecting stem cell or heart per se from impending ischemic injury in two phases. During the early phase of cardioprotection (2 h), PC leads to increased expression of survival factors like BCl2/Bax ratio while late phase (24 h) showed activation of the JAK/STAT survival pathway. Phosphorylation of STAT3 at two crucial residues, Tyr-705 and Ser-727, allows its entry inside the nucleus and upregulates the expression of protein kinase G-1 (PKG1) which evokes cardioprotective signaling. To confirm, heart-specific conditional STAT3 knockout mice undergone IR surgery, abolishing late-phase cardioprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Varsha Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Bld 20, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zitoun OA, Farhat AM, Mohamed MA, Hamad MR, Aramini B, Haider KH. Management of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) by combinatorial approach using alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173301. [PMID: 32592768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the main available treatments for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (ARAs), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-αRI), anticholinergics, and Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Recent studies support the combined therapy approach using ARAs with 5-αRI for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in BPH patients at risk of clinical progression. We aimed to review BPH management in select group of randomized controlled trials by combination therapy with ARAs and 5-αRIs compared to monotherapy with either drug with respect to the safety and efficacy. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving comparison of combination therapy with monotherapy using ARAs and 5-αRIs were retrieved from PubMed Central and reviewed for international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), post-residual urinary flow rate (PUF), and clinical progression. The results significantly favour the treatment group that received the combination therapy in comparison with the groups receiving monotherapy. However, outcome with regard to prostate volume showed insignificant improvement when the combination therapy is compared with 5- αRIs alone, rather than ARAs. In conclusion, combination therapy using ARAs and 5-αRI is better than monotherapy in the patients of BPH. Fixed dose combination (FDC), a type of combination, is also cost-effective and its side-effects profile resembles to that of monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Zitoun
- Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mohamed A Mohamed
- Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad R Hamad
- Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pal S, Rashid M, Singh SK, Porwal K, Singh P, Mohamed R, Gayen JR, Wahajuddin M, Chattopadhyay N. Skeletal restoration by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in osteopenic mice: Evidence of osteoanabolic and osteoangiogenic effects of the drugs. Bone 2020; 135:115305. [PMID: 32126313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides and thereby regulate diverse cellular functions. The reports on the skeletal effects of PDE inhibitors are conflicting. Here, we screened 17 clinically used non-xanthine PDE inhibitors (selective and non-selective) using mouse calvarial osteoblasts (MCO) where the readout was osteoblast differentiation. From this screen, we identified sildenafil and vardenafil (both PDE5 inhibitors) having the least osteogenic EC50. Both drugs significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expressions in MCO and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME completely blocked VEGF expression induced by these drugs. Sunitinib, a tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor that also blocks VEGFR2 blocked sildenafil-/vardenafil-induced osteoblast differentiation. At half of their human equivalent doses, i.e. 6.0 mg/kg sildenafil and 2.5 mg/kg vardenafil, the maximum bone marrow level of sildenafil was 32% and vardenafil was 21% of their blood levels. At these doses, both drugs enhanced bone regeneration at the femur osteotomy site and completely restored bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in OVX mice. Furthermore, both drugs increased surface referent bone formation and serum bone formation marker (P1NP) without affecting the resorption marker (CTX-1). Both drugs increased the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 in bones and osteoblasts and increased skeletal vascularity. Sunitinib completely blocked the bone restorative and vascular effects of sildenafil and vardenafil in OVX mice. Taken together, our study suggested that sildenafil and vardenafil at half of their adult human doses completely reversed osteopenia in OVX mice by an osteogenic mechanism that was associated with enhanced skeletal vascularity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CDRI-CSIR, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Riyazuddin Mohamed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CDRI-CSIR, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CDRI-CSIR, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part II - Modulation of angiogenesis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:409-438. [PMID: 31177206 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of critical-size bone defects following complicated fractures, infections or tumor resections is a major challenge. The same applies to fractures in patients with impaired bone healing due to systemic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Despite considerable progress in development and establishment of new surgical techniques, design of bone graft substitutes and imaging techniques, these scenarios still represent unresolved clinical problems. However, the development of new active substances offers novel potential solutions for these issues. This work discusses therapeutic approaches that influence angiogenesis or hypoxic situations in healing bone and surrounding tissue. In particular, literature on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators and nitric oxide (NO•) donors, including bi-functional (hybrid) compounds like NO•-releasing cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, was critically reviewed with regard to their local and systemic mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haider KH, Aramini B. Mircrining the injured heart with stem cell-derived exosomes: an emerging strategy of cell-free therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 31918755 PMCID: PMC6953131 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have successfully progressed to phase III clinical trials successive to an intensive in vitro and pre-clinical assessment in experimental animal models of ischemic myocardial injury. With scanty evidence regarding their cardiogenic differentiation in the recipient patients' hearts post-engraftment, paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules is being accepted as the most probable underlying mechanism to interpret the beneficial effects of cell therapy. Secretion of small non-coding microRNA (miR) constitutes an integral part of the paracrine activity of stem cells, and there is emerging interest in miRs' delivery to the heart as part of cell-free therapy to exploit their integral role in various cellular processes. MSCs also release membrane vesicles of diverse sizes loaded with a wide array of miRs as part of their paracrine secretions primarily for intercellular communication and to shuttle genetic material. Exosomes can also be loaded with miRs of interest for delivery to the organs of interest including the heart, and hence, exosome-based cell-free therapy is being assessed for cell-free therapy as an alternative to cell-based therapy. This review of literature provides an update on cell-free therapy with primary focus on exosomes derived from BM-derived MSCs for myocardial repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Husnain Haider
- Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al-Qaseem, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, PO Box 777, Al Bukairiyah, 51941 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang J, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Zang G, Zhuan L, Tang Z, Liu Y, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J. Preconditioning of adipose‐derived stem cells by phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition enhances therapeutic efficacy against diabetes‐induced erectile dysfunction. Andrology 2019; 8:231-240. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Z. Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - G.‐H. Zang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - L. Zhuan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Z. Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - S.‐G. Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - J.‐H. Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pre-Conditioning Stem Cells in a Biomimetic Environment for Enhanced Cardiac Tissue Repair: In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:321-336. [PMID: 31579283 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cell-based therapies represent a valid approach to restore cardiac function due to their beneficial effect in reducing scar area formation and promoting angiogenesis. However, their translation into the clinic is limited by the poor differentiation and inability to secrete sufficient therapeutic factors. To address this issue, several strategies such as genetic modification and biophysical preconditioning have been used to enhance the efficacy of stem cells for cardiac tissue repair. Methods In this study, a biomimetic approach was used to mimic the natural mechanical stimulation of the myocardium tissue. Specifically, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were cultured on a thin gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel disc and placed on top of a beating cardiomyocyte layer. qPCR studies and metatranscriptomic analysis of hASCs gene expression were investigated to confirm the correlation between mechanical stimuli and cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vivo intramyocardial delivery of pre-conditioned hASCs was carried out to evaluate their efficacy to restore cardiac function in mice hearts post-myocardial infarction. Results The cyclic strain generated by cardiomyocytes significantly upregulated the expression of both mechanotransduction and cardiomyogenic genes in hASCs as compared to the static control group. The inherent angiogenic secretion profile of hASCs was not hindered by the mechanical stimulation provided by the designed biomimetic system. Finally, in vivo analysis confirmed the regenerative potential of the pre-conditioned hASCs by displaying a significant improvement in cardiac function and enhanced angiogenesis in the peri-infarct region. Conclusion Overall, these findings indicate that cyclic strain provided by the designed biomimetic system is an essential stimulant for hASCs cardiomyogenic differentiation, and therefore can be a potential solution to improve stem-cell based efficacy for cardiovascular repair.
Collapse
|
12
|
Elmadbouh I, Ashraf M. Tadalafil, a long acting phosphodiesterase inhibitor, promotes bone marrow stem cell survival and their homing into ischemic myocardium for cardiac repair. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/21/e13480. [PMID: 29138357 PMCID: PMC5688776 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the tadalafil‐mediated effects at molecular level on bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) survival and their homing into the infarcted hearts to promote cardiac repair and improve function. MSCs were pretreated in vitro with inhibitors of PKG, MAPK, FasL, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (L‐NAME), CXCR4 (AMD3100), or miR‐21 inhibitors (+/−luciferase construction +/−Fas) prior to tadalafil treatment for 2 h. These MSCs were then subjected to H2O2 stress to assess their injury. Rats were subjected to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and then followed by injection of saline or 1.5 x 106 MSCs‐treated ± tadalafil into infarcted and peri‐infarcted area. In another group, AMI was performed in 1‐month post‐myelo‐ablated rats and were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with tadalafil ± AMD3100 or L‐NAME for 5 days. Also, in another group, AMI mice were treated with IP ± tadalafil before intravenous injection with 111In‐oxine‐MSCs followed by CT/SPECT imaging to locate mobilized MSCs. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. MSCs and heart extracts were analyzed by molecular bioassays. Tadalafil‐treated MSCs had higher expression of cGMP, NOS, SDF‐1α, p‐VASP, p‐Erk1/2, p‐STAT3, p‐Akt, PKG1 and Bcl‐xl; expression of these molecules was reduced with PKG1, MAPK, NOS or FasL inhibitors. Tadalafil inhibited apoptosis through increased miR‐21 expression and improved cell survival by inhibiting Fas (restored by PKG1, MAPK or miR‐21 inhibitors). In vivo, heart function, grafted cell survival, MSCs mobilization and homing were improved in tadalafil‐treated AMI animals versus controls. Conclusions: Tadalafil prolonged MSCs survival via up‐regulation of miR‐21 dependent suppression of Fas, and increased MSCs mobilization and their homing into infarcted myocardium resulting in improved cardiac repair and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elmadbouh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Waters R, Alam P, Pacelli S, Chakravarti AR, Ahmed RP, Paul A. Stem cell-inspired secretome-rich injectable hydrogel to repair injured cardiac tissue. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:95-106. [PMID: 29281806 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an injectable and biocompatible hydrogel that can deliver a cocktail of therapeutic biomolecules (secretome) secreted by human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) to the peri-infarct myocardium. Gelatin and Laponite® were combined to formulate a shear-thinning, nanocomposite hydrogel (nSi Gel) as an injectable carrier of secretome (nSi Gel+). The growth factor composition and the pro-angiogenic activity of the secretome were tested in vitro by evaluating the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical endothelial cells. The therapeutic efficacy of the nSi Gel + system was then investigated in vivo in rats by intramyocardial injection into the peri-infarct region. Subsequently, the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, scar formation, and heart function were assessed. Biocompatibility of the developed nSi Gel was confirmed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical tests which showed no significant differences in the level of inflammatory genes, microRNAs, and cell marker expression compared to the untreated control group. In addition, the only group that showed a significant increase in capillary density, reduction in scar area and improved cardiac function was treated with the nSi Gel+. Our in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate the potential of this new secretome-loaded hydrogel as an alternative strategy to treat myocardial infarction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Stem cell based-therapies represent a possible solution to repair damaged myocardial tissue by promoting cardioprotection, angiogenesis, and reduced fibrosis. However, recent evidence indicates that most of the positive outcomes are likely due to the release of paracrine factors (cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes) from the cells and not because of the local engraftment of stem cells. This cocktail of essential growth factors and paracrine signals is known as secretome can be isolated in vitro, and the biomolecule composition can be controlled by varying stem-cell culture conditions. Here, we propose a straightforward strategy to deliver secretome produced from hASCs by using a nanocomposite injectable hydrogel made of gelatin and Laponite®. The designed secretome-loaded hydrogel represents a promising alternative to traditional stem cell therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for more deaths globally than any other single disease. There are on average 1.5 million episodes of myocardial infarction (heart attack) each year in the United States alone with roughly one-third resulting in death. There is therefore a major need for developing new and effective strategies to promote cardiac repair. Intramyocardial transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a leading contender in the pursuit of clinical intervention and therapy. MSCs are potent mediators of cardiac repair and are therefore an attractive tool in the development of preclinical and clinical trials. MSCs are capable of secreting a large array of soluble factors, which have had demonstrated effects on pathogenic cardiac remolding, fibrosis, immune activation, and cardiac stem cell proliferation within the damaged heart. MSCs are also capable of differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, although the relative contribution of trilineage differentiation and paracrine effectors on cardiac repair remains the subject of active investigation.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Role of Nitric Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase, and cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase I in Mouse Stem Cell Cardiac Development. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2868323. [PMID: 27840646 PMCID: PMC5093303 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2868323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim. Nitric oxide (NO) can trigger cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), indicating a cardiogenic function of the NO synthetizing enzyme(s) (NOS). However, the involvement of the NO/NOS downstream effectors soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP activated protein kinase I (PKG-I) is less defined. Therefore, we assess the involvement of the entire NO/NOS/sGC/PKG-I pathway during cardiac differentiation process. Methods. Mouse ESCs were differentiated toward cardiac lineages by hanging drop methodology for 21 days. NOS/sGC/PKG-I pathway was studied quantifying genes, proteins, enzymatic activities, and effects of inhibition during differentiation. Percentages of beating embryoid bodies (mEBs) were evaluated as an index of cardiogenesis. Results and Discussion. Genes and protein expression of enzymes were increased during differentiation with distinctive kinetics and proteins possessed their enzymatic functions. Exogenous administered NO accelerated whereas the blockade of PKG-I strongly slowed cardiogenesis. sGC inhibition was effective only at early stages and NOS blockade ineffective. Of NOS/sGC/PKG-I pathway, PKG-I seems to play the prominent role in cardiac maturation. Conclusion. We concluded that exogenous administered NO and other pharmacological strategies able to increase the activity of PKG-I provide new tools to investigate and promote differentiation of cardiogenic precursors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumar S, Ashraf M. Tadalafil, a Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Protects Stem Cells over Longer Period Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury Through STAT3/PKG-I Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1332-41. [PMID: 25602782 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological preconditioning (PC) with tadalafil, a PDE5A inhibitor, enhances protein kinase G-1 (PKG-I) activity, resulting in stem cell survival. Protection by PC had two different phases, early (2 h) and late (24 h). However, the mechanism of protection during these phases remained grossly unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult male Fischer-344 rats were cultured and pretreated with tadalafil (100 μM) for an hour and subjected to 2 h of hypoxia (1% O2), followed by reoxygenation (HR: in vitro model mimicking ischemia/reperfusion). We observed (i) increased MSC survival with reduced cell cytotoxicity as revealed by low lactate dehydrogenase release and trypan blue staining, respectively, in tadalafil-treated cells upon HR; (ii) decrease in TUNEL positivity as well as caspase activity; (iii) an increase in pAkt/Akt, iNOS, eNOS, and pGSK3β/GSK3β during the early protection phase of PC, and this protection seemed to be a spontaneous adaptive response of MSCs against HR and was independent of tadalafil, whereas an increase in Bcl2/Bax was tadalafil dependent; and (iv) during the late phase, we observed phosphorylation of STAT3 at serine727, leading to its entry inside the nucleus and binding onto the promoter of PKG-I by three-fold (P<0.05). In conclusion, an increase in Bcl2/Bax during the early phase and transcriptional upregulation of PKG-I by STAT3 during the late phase were responsible for stem cell protection by tadalafil against ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- 1Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- 2Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Davenport C, Dubin A. Tadalafil therapy and severe chronic foot wound resolution. Int Wound J 2015; 12:733-6. [PMID: 25649683 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an unanticipated medication effect resulting in near-complete wound healing in a patient after beginning tadalafil therapy of 20 mg thrice daily. This patient was treated for 50 years with state-of-the art acute and then chronic wound interventions after a traumatic farm machinery accident which resulted in a devascularised foot wound. This infection was both life- and limb-threatening. The patient had undergone multiple vascular and plastic surgeries and antimicrobial therapies in addition to hospitalisations for sepsis. Limb amputation was being considered, when his urologist placed him on daily phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy, prior to unrelated urologic surgery. Remarkably, his foot wound underwent near-complete resolution and has been stable for 2 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Davenport
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Dubin
- Department of PM&R, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Richardson JD, Nelson AJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S, Worthley SG, Psaltis PJ. Optimization of the cardiovascular therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-taking the next step. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:281-302. [PMID: 22529015 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite current treatment options, cardiac failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality highlighting a compelling clinical need for novel therapeutic approaches. Based on promising pre-clinical data, stem cell therapy has been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy. Of the candidate cell types evaluated, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been widely evaluated due to their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion, potential allogeneic utility and capacity to promote neo-angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac repair. However, the clinical application of MSCs for mainstream cardiovascular use is currently hindered by several important limitations, including suboptimal retention and engraftment and restricted capacity for bona fide cardiomyocyte regeneration. Consequently, this has prompted intense efforts to advance the therapeutic properties of MSCs for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we consider the scope of benefit from traditional plastic adherence-isolated MSCs and the lessons learned from their conventional use in preclinical and clinical studies. Focus is then given to the evolving strategies aimed at optimizing MSC therapy, including discussion of cell-targeted techniques that encompass the preparation, pre-conditioning and manipulation of these cells ex vivo, methods to improve their delivery to the heart and innovative substrate-directed strategies to support their interaction with the host myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang L, Pasha Z, Wang S, Li N, Feng Y, Lu G, Millard RW, Ashraf M. Protein kinase G1 α overexpression increases stem cell survival and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60087. [PMID: 23536905 PMCID: PMC3607603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that overexpression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type 1α (PKG1α) could mimic the effect of tadalafil on the survival of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contributing to regeneration of the ischemic heart. METHODS AND RESULTS MSCs from male rats were transduced with adenoviral vector encoding for PKG1α ((PKG1α)MSCs).Controls included native MSCs ((Nat)MSCs) and MSCs transduced with an empty vector ((Null)MSCs). PKG1α activity was increased approximately 20, 5 and 16 fold respectively in (PKG1α)MSCs. (PKG1α)MSCs showed improved survival under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) which was evidenced by lower LDH release, caspase-3/7 activity and number of positive TUNEL cells. Anti-apoptotic proteins pAkt, pGSK3β, and Bcl-2 were significantly increased in (PKG1α)MSCs compared to (Nat)MSCs and (Null)MSCs. Higher release of multiple prosurvival and angiogenic factors such as HGF, bFGF, SDF-1 and Ang-1 was observed in (PKG1α)MSCs before and after OGD. In a female rat model of acute myocardial infarction, (PKG1α)MSCs group showed higher survival compared with (Null)MSCs group at 3 and 7 days after transplantation as determined by TUNEL staining and sry-gene quantitation by real-time PCR. Increased anti-apoptotic proteins and paracrine factors in vitro were also identified. Immunostaining for cardiac troponin I combined with GFP showed increased myogenic differentiation of (PKG1α)MSCs. At 4 weeks after transplantation, compared to DMEM group and (Null)MSCs group, (PKG1α)MSCs group showed increased blood vessel density in infarct and peri-infarct areas (62.5±7.7; 68.8±7.3 per microscopic view, p<0.05) and attenuated infarct size (27.2±2.5%, p<0.01). Heart function indices including ejection fraction (52.1±2.2%, p<0.01) and fractional shortening (24.8%±1.3%, p<0.01) were improved significantly in (PKG1α)MSCs group. CONCLUSION Overexpression of PKG1α transgene could be a powerful approach to improve MSCs survival and their angiomyogenic potential in the infarcted heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zeeshan Pasha
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ning Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gang Lu
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Millard
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wen Y, Chen B, Wang C, Ma X, Gao Q. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy for patients with ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart failure. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1563-73. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.721764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
22
|
Hoke NN, Salloum FN, Kass DA, Das A, Kukreja RC. Preconditioning by phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition improves therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells following myocardial infarction in mice. Stem Cells 2012; 30:326-35. [PMID: 22102597 DOI: 10.1002/stem.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The rationale of this article is enhancing the therapeutic potential of stem cells in ischemic microenvironments by novel preconditioning strategies is critical for improving cellular therapy. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) with sildenafil (Viagra) or knockdown with a silencing vector in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) would improve their survival and enhance cardiac function following myocardial implantation in vivo. ASCs were treated with sildenafil or PDE-5 silencing vector short hairpin RNA (shRNA(PDE-5)) and subjected to simulated ischemia/reoxygenation in vitro. Both sildenafil and shRNA(PDE-5) significantly improved viability, decreased necrosis, apoptosis, and enhanced the release of growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and insulin-like growth factor. Inhibition of protein kinase G reversed these effects. To show the beneficial effect of preconditioned ASCs in vivo, adult male CD-1 mice underwent myocardial infarction. Preconditioned ASCs (4 × 10(5)) were directly injected intramyocardially. Preconditioned ASC-treated hearts showed consistently superior cardiac function when compared with nonpreconditioned ASCs after 4 weeks of treatment. This was associated with significantly reduced fibrosis, increased vascular density, and decreased resident myocyte apoptosis when compared with mice receiving nonpreconditioned ASCs. VEGF, b-FGF, and Angiopoietin-1 were also significantly elevated 4 weeks after cell therapy with preconditioned ASCs. We conclude that preconditioning by inhibition of PDE-5 can be a powerful novel approach to improve stem cell therapy following myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Hoke
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kostjuk S, Loseva P, Chvartatskaya O, Ershova E, Smirnova T, Malinovskaya E, Roginko O, Kuzmin V, Izhevskaia V, Baranova A, Ginter E, Veiko N. Extracellular GC-rich DNA activates TLR9- and NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs). Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12 Suppl 1:S99-111. [PMID: 22594608 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.690028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The content of GC-rich ribosomal repeats (rDNA) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with various diseases is several times higher as compared with genomic DNA (gDNA) and cfDNA of healthy donors. rDNA may act as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligands and affect human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs). Here we explore effects of human cfDNAs and model rDNA fragments on cultured haMSCs. AREAS COVERED Both cfDNAs and cloned rDNA stimulate expression of TLR9 (qRT-PCR). Treatment with cloned rDNA leads to an increase in the number of TLR9(+) cells (FACS), expression levels for both TLR9 and Myd88, the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B to the nuclei and up-regulation of TNFα and IL-10 cytokines (ELISA). As shown by an analysis of γH2AX-foci and MTT test, the preconditioning of haMSCs with cloned rDNA fragment increases the resistance of these cells to irradiation at 2Gy, while the treatments with control gDNA did not stimulate either TLR9- or NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways. EXPERT OPINION GC-rich sequences present in cfDNA stimulate endogenous stems cells when body is exposed to adverse conditions. GC-rich fragments of human DNA may be used for preconditioning of therapeutic MSCs aiming at an increase in their survival in the ailing body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kostjuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li L, Haider HK, Wang L, Lu G, Ashraf M. Adenoviral short hairpin RNA therapy targeting phosphodiesterase 5a relieves cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2112-21. [PMID: 22447941 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that treatment with tadalafil, a long-acting phosphodiesterase-5a (PDE5a) inhibitor, effectively prevented adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling of the infarcted heart. We hypothesized that short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) therapy targeting PDE5a would simulate the effects of pharmacological intervention for treatment of postinfarction LV remodeling and dysfunction. Experimental model of myocardial infarction was developed in female mice by permanent ligation of left coronary artery. Immediately after that, an adenoviral vector encoding for shRNA sequence targeting PDE5a (Ad-shPDE5a) was injected intramyocardially, which specifically inhibited PDE5a in the heart. Four weeks later, Ad-shPDE5a treated mice showed significant mitigation of the left ventricle (LV) dilatation and dysfunction as indicated by smaller LV cavity and more preserved ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Infarction size and fibrosis were significantly reduced in Ad-shPDE5a-treated mice. Additionally, more salvaged cardiomyocytes, significantly reduced collagen contents, and higher blood vessel density were observed in Ad-shPDE5a-treated mice. The cytoprotective effects of Ad-shPDE5a were demonstrated in vitro in Ad-shPDE5a transfected cardiomyocytes cultured under oxygen glucose deprivation. Among downstream mediators of PDE5a signaling, cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) were activated with concomitant reduction in caspase-3 activity. However, no significant change in PKA and cAMP activities were observed in Ad-shPDE5a-treated hearts. Inhibition with shRNA improved cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by reducing infarction size and cardiac fibrosis and increased cGMP and PKG activity. These findings suggest that PDE5 inhibition with Ad-shPDE5a is a novel approach for treatment of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longhu Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haider KH, Ashraf M. Preconditioning approach in stem cell therapy for the treatment of infarcted heart. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:323-56. [PMID: 22917238 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nearly two decades of research in regenerative medicine have been focused on the development of stem cells as a therapeutic option for treatment of the ischemic heart. Given the ability of stem cells to regenerate the damaged tissue, stem-cell-based therapy is an ideal approach for cardiovascular disorders. Preclinical studies in experimental animal models and clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy have produced encouraging results that promise angiomyogenic repair of the ischemically damaged heart. Despite these promising results, stem cell therapy is still confronted with issues ranging from uncertainty about the as-yet-undetermined "ideal" donor cell type to the nonoptimized cell delivery strategies to harness optimal clinical benefits. Moreover, these lacunae have significantly hampered the progress of the heart cell therapy approach from bench to bedside for routine clinical applications. Massive death of donor cells in the infarcted myocardium during acute phase postengraftment is one of the areas of prime concern, which immensely lowers the efficacy of the procedure. An overview of the published data relevant to stem cell therapy is provided here and the various strategies that have been adopted to develop and optimize the protocols to enhance donor stem cell survival posttransplantation are discussed, with special focus on the preconditioning approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Husnain Haider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Choi YH, Kurtz A, Stamm C. Mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac cell therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:3-17. [PMID: 21062128 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite refinements of medical and surgical therapies, heart failure remains a fatal disease. Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of heart failure, and only palliative measures are available to relieve symptoms and prolong the patient's life span. Because mammalian cardiomyocytes irreversibly exit the cell cycle at about the time of birth, the heart has traditionally been considered to lack any regenerative capacity. This paradigm, however, is currently shifting, and the cellular composition of the myocardium is being targeted by various regeneration strategies. Adult progenitor and stem cell treatment of diseased human myocardium has been carried out for more than 10 years (Menasche et al., 2001; Stamm et al., 2003), and it has become clear that, in humans, the regenerative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, despite potent proangiogenic effects, is limited (Stamm et al., 2009). More recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and related cell types are being evaluated in preclinical models of heart disease as well as in clinical trials (see Published Clinical Trials, below). MSCs have the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into lineages that normally originate from the embryonic mesenchyme (connective tissues, blood vessels, blood-related organs) (Caplan, 1991; Prockop, 1997; Pittenger et al., 1999). The current definition of MSCs includes plastic adherence in cell culture, specific surface antigen expression (CD105(+)/CD90(+)/CD73(+), CD34(-)/CD45(-)/CD11b(-) or CD14(-)/CD19(-) or CD79α(-)/HLA-DR1(-)), and multilineage in vitro differentiation potential (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic) (Dominici et al., 2006 ). If those criteria are not met completely, the term "mesenchymal stromal cells" should be used for marrow-derived adherent cells, or other terms for MSC-like cells of different origin. For the purpose of this review, MSCs and related cells are discussed in general, and cell type-specific properties are indicated when appropriate. We first summarize the preclinical data on MSCs in models of heart disease, and then appraise the clinical experience with MSCs for cardiac cell therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Teske JA, Billington CJ, Kotz CM. Neuropeptidergic mediators of spontaneous physical activity and non-exercise activity thermogenesis. Neuroendocrinology 2008; 87:71-90. [PMID: 17984627 DOI: 10.1159/000110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lean individuals have high levels of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and the energy expenditure derived from that activity, termed non-exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT, appears to protect them from obesity. Conversely, obesity in different human populations is characterized by low levels of SPA and NEAT. Like in humans, elevated SPA in rats appears to protect against obesity: obesity-resistant rats have significantly greater SPA and NEAT than obesity-prone rats. We review the literature on brain mechanisms important in mediating SPA and NEAT. The focus is on neuropeptides, including cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor), neuromedin U, neuropeptide Y, leptin, agouti-related protein, orexin-A (also known as hypocretin-1), and ghrelin. We also review information regarding interactions between these neuropeptides and dopamine, a neurotransmitter important in mediating motor function. Finally, we present evidence that elevated signaling of pathways mediating SPA and NEAT may protect against weight gain and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Teske
- VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|