1
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Bueno JM, Martínez-Ojeda RM, Pérez-Zabalza M, García-Mendívil L, Asensio MC, Ordovás L, Pueyo E. Analysis of age-related changes in the left ventricular myocardium with multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3251-3264. [PMID: 38855691 PMCID: PMC11161339 DOI: 10.1364/boe.509227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces cardiac remodeling, resulting in an increase in the risk of suffering heart diseases, including heart failure. Collagen deposition increases with age and, together with sarcomeric changes in cardiomyocytes, may lead to ventricular stiffness. Multiphoton (MP) microscopy is a useful technique to visualize and detect variations in cardiac structures in a label free fashion. Here, we propose a method based on MP imaging (both two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) modalities) to explore and objectively quantify age-related structural differences in various components of cardiac tissues. Results in transmural porcine left ventricle (LV) sections reveal significant differences when comparing samples from young and old animals. Collagen and myosin SHG signals in old specimens are respectively 3.8x and >6-fold larger than in young ones. Differences in TPEF signals from cardiomyocyte were ∼3x. Moreover, the increased amount of collagen in old specimens results in a more organized pattern when compared to young LV tissues. Since changes in collagen and myosin are associated with cardiac dysfunction, the technique used herein might be a useful tool to accurately predict and measure changes associated with age-related myocardium fibrosis, tissue remodeling and sarcomeric alterations, with potential implications in preventing heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Martínez-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Zabalza
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa (CUD), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - M. Carmen Asensio
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Ordovás
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Patel JR, Park KJ, Bradshaw AS, Phan T, Fitzsimons DP. Cooperative mechanisms underlie differences in myocardial contractile dynamics between large and small mammals. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213315. [PMID: 37725091 PMCID: PMC10509357 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ binding to troponin C (TnC) and myosin cross-bridge binding to actin act in a synergistic cooperative manner to modulate myocardial contraction and relaxation. The responsiveness of the myocardial thin filament to the activating effects of Ca2+ and myosin cross-bridge binding has been well-characterized in small mammals (e.g., mice). Given the nearly 10-fold difference in resting heart rates and twitch kinetics between small and large mammals, it is unlikely that the cooperative mechanisms underlying thin filament activation are identical in these two species. To test this idea, we measured the Ca2+ dependencies of steady-state force and the rate constant of force redevelopment (ktr) in murine and porcine permeabilized ventricular myocardium. While murine myocardium exhibited a steep activation-dependence of ktr, the activation-dependent profile of ktr was significantly reduced in porcine ventricular myocardium. Further insight was attained by examining force-pCa and ktr-pCa relationships. In the murine myocardium, the pCa50 for ktr was right-shifted compared with the pCa50 for force, meaning that increases in steady-state force occurred well before increases in the rate of force redevelopment were observed. In the porcine myocardium, we observed a tighter coupling of the force-pCa and ktr-pCa relationships, as evidenced by near-maximal rates of force redevelopment at low levels of Ca2+ activation. These results demonstrate that the molecular mechanisms underlying the cooperative activation of force are a dynamic property of the mammalian heart, involving, at least in part, the species- and tissue-specific expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitandrakumar R. Patel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kayla J.V. Park
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Aidan S. Bradshaw
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Tuan Phan
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Daniel P. Fitzsimons
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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3
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Dewan S, Witayavanitkul N, Kumar M, Mayer BJ, Betancourt L, Cazorla O, de Tombe PP. Depressed myocardial cross-bridge cycling kinetics in a female guinea pig model of diastolic heart failure. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213288. [PMID: 37102986 PMCID: PMC10140646 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with diastolic heart failure (DHF), a syndrome in which systolic function is preserved but cardiac filling dynamics are depressed. The molecular mechanisms underlying DHF and the potential role of altered cross-bridge cycling are poorly understood. Accordingly, chronic pressure overload was induced by surgically banding the thoracic ascending aorta (AOB) in ∼400 g female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (AOB); Sham-operated age-matched animals served as controls. Guinea pigs were chosen to avoid the confounding impacts of altered myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression seen in other small rodent models. In vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography; cardiac hypertrophy was confirmed by morphometric analysis. AOB resulted in left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and compromised diastolic function with normal systolic function. Biochemical analysis revealed exclusive expression of β-MHC isoform in both sham control and AOB LVs. Myofilament function was assessed in skinned multicellular preparations, skinned single myocyte fragments, and single myofibrils prepared from frozen (liquid N2) LVs. The rates of force-dependent ATP consumption (tension-cost) and force redevelopment (Ktr), as well as myofibril relaxation time (Timelin) were significantly blunted in AOB, indicating reduced cross-bridge cycling kinetics. Maximum Ca2+ activated force development was significantly reduced in AOB myocytes, while no change in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was observed. Our results indicate blunted cross-bridge cycle in a β-MHC small animal DHF model. Reduced cross-bridge cycling kinetics may contribute, at least in part, to the development of DHF in larger mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Dewan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Namthip Witayavanitkul
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Beth J Mayer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Betancourt
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
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4
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Vintrych P, Al-Obeidallah M, Horák J, Chvojka J, Valešová L, Nalos L, Jarkovská D, Matějovič M, Štengl M. Modeling sepsis, with a special focus on large animal models of porcine peritonitis and bacteremia. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1094199. [PMID: 36703923 PMCID: PMC9871395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1094199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, which often result in deadly sepsis or septic shock, represent a major global health problem. For understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis and developing new treatment strategies, reliable and clinically relevant animal models of the disease are necessary. In this review, two large animal (porcine) models of sepsis induced by either peritonitis or bacteremia are introduced and their strong and weak points are discussed in the context of clinical relevance and other animal models of sepsis, with a special focus on cardiovascular and immune systems, experimental design, and monitoring. Especially for testing new therapeutic strategies, the large animal (porcine) models represent a more clinically relevant alternative to small animal models, and the findings obtained in small animal (transgenic) models should be verified in these clinically relevant large animal models before translation to the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vintrych
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mahmoud Al-Obeidallah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Horák
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Chvojka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Valešová
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Nalos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Jarkovská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Matějovič
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Štengl
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Milan Štengl,
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5
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Walklate J, Kao K, Regnier M, Geeves MA. Exploring the super-relaxed state of myosin in myofibrils from fast-twitch, slow-twitch, and cardiac muscle. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101640. [PMID: 35090895 PMCID: PMC8867123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle myosin heads, in the absence of actin, have been shown to exist in two states, the relaxed (turnover ∼0.05 s-1) and super-relaxed states (SRX, 0.005 s-1) using a simple fluorescent ATP chase assay (Hooijman, P. et al (2011) Biophys. J.100, 1969-1976). Studies have normally used purified proteins, myosin filaments, or muscle fibers. Here we use muscle myofibrils, which retain most of the ancillary proteins and 3-D architecture of muscle and can be used with rapid mixing methods. Recording timescales from 0.1 to 1000 s provides a precise measure of the two populations of myosin heads present in relaxed myofibrils. We demonstrate that the population of SRX states is formed from rigor cross bridges within 0.2 s of relaxing with fluorescently labeled ATP, and the population of SRX states is relatively constant over the temperature range of 5 °C-30 °C. The SRX population is enhanced in the presence of mavacamten and reduced in the presence of deoxy-ATP. Compared with myofibrils from fast-twitch muscle, slow-twitch muscle, and cardiac muscles, myofibrils require a tenfold lower concentration of mavacamten to be effective, and mavacamten induced a larger increase in the population of the SRX state. Mavacamten is less effective, however, at stabilizing the SRX state at physiological temperatures than at 5 °C. These assays require small quantities of myofibrils, making them suitable for studies of model organism muscles, human biopsies, or human-derived iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Walklate
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Kerry Kao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael A Geeves
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
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6
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Cellular Phenotypic Transformation in Heart Failure Caused by Coronary Heart Disease and Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Delineating at Single-Cell Level. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020402. [PMID: 35203611 PMCID: PMC8962334 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is known as the final manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. Although cellular heterogeneity of the heart is well understood, the phenotypic transformation of cardiac cells in progress of HF remains obscure. This study aimed to analyze phenotypic transformation of cardiac cells in HF through human single-cell RNA transcriptome profile. Here, phenotypic transformation of cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and fibroblasts was identified by data analysis and animal experiments. Abnormal myosin subunits including the decrease in Myosin Heavy Chain 6, Myosin Light Chain 7 and the increase in Myosin Heavy Chain 7 were found in CMs. Two disease phenotypes of ECs named inflammatory ECs and muscularized ECs were identified. In addition, myofibroblast was increased in HF and highly associated with abnormal extracellular matrix. Our study proposed an integrated map of phenotypic transformation of cardiac cells and highlighted the intercellular communication in HF. This detailed definition of cellular transformation will facilitate cell-based mapping of novel interventional targets for the treatment of HF.
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7
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Prodanovic M, Geeves MA, Poggesi C, Regnier M, Mijailovich SM. Effect of Myosin Isoforms on Cardiac Muscle Twitch of Mice, Rats and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1135. [PMID: 35163054 PMCID: PMC8835009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand how pathology-induced changes in contractile protein isoforms modulate cardiac muscle function, it is necessary to quantify the temporal-mechanical properties of contractions that occur under various conditions. Pathological responses are much easier to study in animal model systems than in humans, but extrapolation between species presents numerous challenges. Employing computational approaches can help elucidate relationships that are difficult to test experimentally by translating the observations from rats and mice, as model organisms, to the human heart. Here, we use the spatially explicit MUSICO platform to model twitch contractions from rodent and human trabeculae collected in a single laboratory. This approach allowed us to identify the variations in kinetic characteristics of α- and β-myosin isoforms across species and to quantify their effect on cardiac muscle contractile responses. The simulations showed how the twitch transient varied with the ratio of the two myosin isoforms. Particularly, the rate of tension rise was proportional to the fraction of α-myosin present, while the β-isoform dominated the rate of relaxation unless α-myosin was >50%. Moreover, both the myosin isoform and the Ca2+ transient contributed to the twitch tension transient, allowing two levels of regulation of twitch contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momcilo Prodanovic
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- FilamenTech, Inc., Newtown, MA 02458, USA
| | - Michael A. Geeves
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK;
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 20134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
| | - Srboljub M. Mijailovich
- FilamenTech, Inc., Newtown, MA 02458, USA
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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8
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Pertici I, Taft MH, Greve JN, Fedorov R, Caremani M, Manstein DJ. Allosteric modulation of cardiac myosin mechanics and kinetics by the conjugated omega-7,9 trans-fat rumenic acid. J Physiol 2021; 599:3639-3661. [PMID: 33942907 DOI: 10.1113/jp281563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Direct binding of rumenic acid to the cardiac myosin-2 motor domain increases the release rate for orthophosphate and increases the Ca2+ responsiveness of cardiac muscle at low load. Physiological cellular concentrations of rumenic acid affect the ATP turnover rates of the super-relaxed and disordered relaxed states of β-cardiac myosin, leading to a net increase in myocardial metabolic load. In Ca2+ -activated trabeculae, rumenic acid exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the force-generating mechanism without affecting the number of force-generating motors. In the presence of saturating actin concentrations rumenic acid binds to the β-cardiac myosin-2 motor domain with an EC50 of 200 nM. Molecular docking studies provide information about the binding site, the mode of binding, and associated allosteric communication pathways. Free rumenic acid may exceed thresholds in cardiomyocytes above which contractile efficiency is reduced and interference with small molecule therapeutics, targeting cardiac myosin, occurs. ABSTRACT Based on experiments using purified myosin motor domains, reconstituted actomyosin complexes and rat heart ventricular trabeculae, we demonstrate direct binding of rumenic acid, the cis-delta-9-trans-delta-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, to an allosteric site located in motor domain of mammalian cardiac myosin-2 isoforms. In the case of porcine β-cardiac myosin, the EC50 for rumenic acid varies from 10.5 μM in the absence of actin to 200 nM in the presence of saturating concentrations of actin. Saturating concentrations of rumenic acid increase the maximum turnover of basal and actin-activated ATPase activity of β-cardiac myosin approximately 2-fold but decrease the force output per motor by 23% during isometric contraction. The increase in ATP turnover is linked to an acceleration of the release of the hydrolysis product orthophosphate. In the presence of 5 μM rumenic acid, the difference in the rate of ATP turnover by the super-relaxed and disordered relaxed states of cardiac myosin increases from 4-fold to 20-fold. The equilibrium between the two functional myosin states is not affected by rumenic acid. Calcium responsiveness is increased under zero-load conditions but unchanged under load. Molecular docking studies provide information about the rumenic acid binding site, the mode of binding, and associated allosteric communication pathways. They show how the isoform-specific replacement of residues in the binding cleft induces a different mode of rumenic acid binding in the case of non-muscle myosin-2C and blocks binding to skeletal muscle and smooth muscle myosin-2 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pertici
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, 50019, Italy.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE4350, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE4350, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Johannes N Greve
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE4350, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Roman Fedorov
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, OE8830, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,RESiST, Cluster of Excellence 2155, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Marco Caremani
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, OE4350, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Division of Structural Biochemistry, OE8830, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,RESiST, Cluster of Excellence 2155, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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9
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Solís C, Solaro RJ. Novel insights into sarcomere regulatory systems control of cardiac thin filament activation. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211903. [PMID: 33740037 PMCID: PMC7988513 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our review focuses on sarcomere regulatory mechanisms with a discussion of cardiac-specific modifications to the three-state model of thin filament activation from a blocked to closed to open state. We discuss modulation of these thin filament transitions by Ca2+, by crossbridge interactions, and by thick filament–associated proteins, cardiac myosin–binding protein C (cMyBP-C), cardiac regulatory light chain (cRLC), and titin. Emerging evidence supports the idea that the cooperative activation of the thin filaments despite a single Ca2+ triggering regulatory site on troponin C (cTnC) cannot be considered in isolation of other functional domains of the sarcomere. We discuss long- and short-range interactions among these domains with the regulatory units of thin filaments, including proteins at the barbed end at the Z-disc and the pointed end near the M-band. Important to these discussions is the ever-increasing understanding of the role of cMyBP-C, cRLC, and titin filaments. Detailed knowledge of these control processes is critical to the understanding of mechanisms sustaining physiological cardiac state with varying hemodynamic load, to better defining genetic and acquired cardiac disorders, and to developing targets for therapies at the level of the sarcomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Solís
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Chicago, IL
| | - R John Solaro
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Chicago, IL
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10
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Madsen A, Krause J, Höppner G, Hirt MN, Tan WLW, Lim I, Hansen A, Nikolaev VO, Foo RSY, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J. Hypertrophic signaling compensates for contractile and metabolic consequences of DNA methyltransferase 3A loss in human cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:115-123. [PMID: 33582159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of DNA methylation in cardiomyocyte physiology and cardiac disease remains a matter of controversy. We have recently provided evidence for an important role of DNMT3A in human cardiomyocyte cell homeostasis and metabolism, using engineered heart tissue (EHT) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes carrying a knockout of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A. Unlike isogenic control EHT, knockout EHT displayed morphological abnormalities such as lipid accumulations inside cardiomyocytes associated with impaired mitochondrial metabolism, as well as functional defects and impaired glucose metabolism. Here, we analyzed the role of DNMT3A in the setting of cardiac hypertrophy. We induced hypertrophic signaling by treatment with 50 nM endothelin-1 and 20 μM phenylephrine for one week and assessed EHT contractility, morphology, DNA methylation, and gene expression. While both knockout EHTs and isogenic controls showed the expected activation of the hypertrophic gene program, knockout EHTs were protected from hypertrophy-related functional impairment. Conversely, hypertrophic treatment prevented the metabolic consequences of a loss of DNMT3A, i.e. abolished lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes likely by partial normalization of mitochondrial metabolism and restored glucose metabolism and metabolism-related gene expression of knockout EHT. Together, these data suggest an important role of DNA methylation not only for cardiomyocyte physiology, but also in the setting of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Madsen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Krause
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grit Höppner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ives Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Alpha and beta myosin isoforms and human atrial and ventricular contraction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7309-7337. [PMID: 34704115 PMCID: PMC8629898 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human atrial and ventricular contractions have distinct mechanical characteristics including speed of contraction, volume of blood delivered and the range of pressure generated. Notably, the ventricle expresses predominantly β-cardiac myosin while the atrium expresses mostly the α-isoform. In recent years exploration of the properties of pure α- & β-myosin isoforms have been possible in solution, in isolated myocytes and myofibrils. This allows us to consider the extent to which the atrial vs ventricular mechanical characteristics are defined by the myosin isoform expressed, and how the isoform properties are matched to their physiological roles. To do this we Outline the essential feature of atrial and ventricular contraction; Explore the molecular structural and functional characteristics of the two myosin isoforms; Describe the contractile behaviour of myocytes and myofibrils expressing a single myosin isoform; Finally we outline the outstanding problems in defining the differences between the atria and ventricles. This allowed us consider what features of contraction can and cannot be ascribed to the myosin isoforms present in the atria and ventricles.
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12
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Madsen A, Höppner G, Krause J, Hirt MN, Laufer SD, Schweizer M, Tan WLW, Mosqueira D, Anene-Nzelu CG, Lim I, Foo RSY, Eschenhagen T, Stenzig J. An Important Role for DNMT3A-Mediated DNA Methylation in Cardiomyocyte Metabolism and Contractility. Circulation 2020; 142:1562-1578. [PMID: 32885664 PMCID: PMC7566310 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: DNA methylation acts as a mechanism of gene transcription regulation. It has recently gained attention as a possible therapeutic target in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, its exact role in cardiomyocytes remains controversial. Thus, we knocked out the main de novo DNA methyltransferase in cardiomyocytes, DNMT3A, in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Functional consequences of DNA methylation-deficiency under control and stress conditions were then assessed in human engineered heart tissue from knockout human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Methods: DNMT3A was knocked out in human induced pluripotent stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9gene editing. Fibrin-based engineered heart tissue was generated from knockout and control human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Development and baseline contractility were analyzed by video-optical recording. Engineered heart tissue was subjected to different stress protocols, including serum starvation, serum variation, and restrictive feeding. Molecular, histological, and ultrastructural analyses were performed afterward. Results: Knockout of DNMT3A in human cardiomyocytes had three main consequences for cardiomyocyte morphology and function: (1) Gene expression changes of contractile proteins such as higher atrial gene expression and lower MYH7/MYH6 ratio correlated with different contraction kinetics in knockout versus wild-type; (2) Aberrant activation of the glucose/lipid metabolism regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was associated with accumulation of lipid vacuoles within knockout cardiomyocytes; (3) Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein instability was associated with impaired glucose metabolism and lower glycolytic enzyme expression, rendering knockout-engineered heart tissue sensitive to metabolic stress such as serum withdrawal and restrictive feeding. Conclusion: The results suggest an important role of DNA methylation in the normal homeostasis of cardiomyocytes and during cardiac stress, which could make it an interesting target for cardiac therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Madsen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Grit Höppner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Julia Krause
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.).,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (J.K.)
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Sandra D Laufer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (M.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.M.)
| | - Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Ives Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (C.G.A.-N., I.L., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.M., G.H., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (A.M., G.H., J.K., M.N.H., S.D.L., T.E., J.S.)
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13
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Study of the Expression Transition of Cardiac Myosin Using Polarization-Dependent SHG Microscopy. Biophys J 2020; 118:1058-1066. [PMID: 31995740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of the transition between the two myosin isoforms α- and β-myosin in living cardiomyocytes is essential for understanding cardiac physiology and pathology. In this study, the differences in symmetry of polarization spectra obtained from α- and β-myosin in various mammalian ventricles and propylthiouracil-treated rats are explored through polarization-dependent second harmonic generation microscopy. Here, we report for the, to our knowledge, first time that α- and β-myosin, as protein crystals, possess different symmetries: the former has C6 symmetry, and the latter has C3v. A single-sarcomere line scan further demonstrated that the differences in polarization-spectrum symmetry between α- and β-myosin came from their head regions: the head and neck domains of α- and β-myosin account for the differences in symmetry. In addition, the dynamic transition of the polarization spectrum from C6 to C3v line profile was observed in a cell culture in which norepinephrine induced an α- to β-myosin transition.
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14
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Ryba DM, Warren CM, Karam CN, Davis RT, Chowdhury SAK, Alvarez MG, McCann M, Liew CW, Wieczorek DF, Varga P, Solaro RJ, Wolska BM. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator, FTY720, Improves Diastolic Dysfunction and Partially Reverses Atrial Remodeling in a Tm-E180G Mouse Model Linked to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005835. [PMID: 31684756 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiovascular disorder, primarily involving mutations in sarcomeric proteins. HCM patients present with hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and fibrosis, but there is no specific treatment. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, FTY720/fingolimod, is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis. We hypothesize that modulation of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor by FTY720 would be of therapeutic benefit in sarcomere-linked HCM. METHODS We treated mice with an HCM-linked mutation in tropomyosin (Tm-E180G) and nontransgenic littermates with FTY720 or vehicle for 6 weeks. Compared with vehicle-treated, FTY720-treated Tm-E180G mice had a significant reduction in left atrial size (1.99±0.19 [n=7] versus 2.70±0.44 [n=6] mm; P<0.001) and improvement in diastolic function (E/A ratio: 2.69±0.38 [n=7] versus 5.34±1.19 [n=6]; P=0.004) as assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS Pressure-volume relations revealed significant improvements in the end-diastolic pressure volume relationship, relaxation kinetics, preload recruitable stroke work, and ejection fraction. Detergent-extracted fiber bundles revealed a significant decrease in myofilament Ca2+-responsiveness (pCa50=6.15±0.11 [n=13] versus 6.24±0.06 [n=14]; P=0.041). We attributed these improvements to a downregulation of S-glutathionylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C in FTY720-treated Tm-E180G mice and reduction in oxidative stress by downregulation of NADPH oxidases with no changes in fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that modulation of S1PR results in decreased myofilament-Ca2+-responsiveness and improved diastolic function in HCM. We associated these changes with decreased oxidative modification of myofilament proteins via downregulation of NOX2. Our data support the hypothesis that modification of sphingolipid signaling may be a novel therapeutic approach in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ryba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Chad M Warren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Chehade N Karam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Robert T Davis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Shamim A K Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Manuel G Alvarez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Maximilian McCann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - David F Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (D.F.W.)
| | - Peter Varga
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago (P.V.)
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.)
| | - Beata M Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.M.R., C.M.W., C.N.K., R.T.D., S.A.K.C., M.G.A., M.M., C.W.L., R.J.S., B.M.W.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL (B.M.W.)
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15
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Velayutham N, Agnew EJ, Yutzey KE. Postnatal Cardiac Development and Regenerative Potential in Large Mammals. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1345-1358. [PMID: 31346664 PMCID: PMC6786953 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal capacity for cardiac regeneration in mice is well studied and has been used to develop many potential strategies for adult cardiac regenerative repair following injury. However, translating these findings from rodents to designing regenerative therapeutics for adult human heart disease remains elusive. Large mammals including pigs, dogs, and sheep are widely used as animal models of humans in preclinical trials of new cardiac drugs and devices. However, very little is known about the fundamental cardiac cell biology and the timing of postnatal cardiac events that influence cardiomyocyte proliferation in these animals. There is emerging evidence that external physiological and environmental cues could be the key to understanding cardiomyocyte proliferative behavior. In this review, we survey available literature on postnatal development in various large mammal models to offer a perspective on the physiological and cellular characteristics that could be regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Similarities and differences between developmental milestones, cardiomyocyte maturational events, as well as environmental cues regulating cardiac development, are discussed for various large mammals, with a focus on postnatal cardiac regenerative potential and translatability to the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emma J Agnew
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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16
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Bunch TA, Lepak VC, Kanassatega RS, Colson BA. N-terminal extension in cardiac myosin-binding protein C regulates myofilament binding. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:140-148. [PMID: 30359561 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mutations in the gene encoding the sarcomeric protein cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Mouse models targeting cMyBP-C and use of recombinant proteins have been effective in studying its roles in contractile function and disease. Surprisingly, while the N-terminus of cMyBP-C is important to regulate myofilament binding and contains many HCM mutations, an incorrect sequence, lacking the N-terminal 8 amino acids has been used in many studies. OBJECTIVES To determine the N-terminal cMyBP-C sequences in ventricles and investigate the roles of species-specific differences in cMyBP-C on myofilament binding. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined cMyBP-C sequences in mouse and human by inspecting available sequence databases. N-terminal differences were confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Cosedimentation assays with actin or myosin were used to examine binding in mouse, human and chimeric fusion proteins of cMyBP-C. Time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) with site-directed probes on cMyBP-C was employed to measure structural dynamics. LC-MS/MS supported the sequencing data that mouse cMyBP-C contains an eight-residue N-terminal extension (NTE) not found in human. Cosedimentation assays revealed that cardiac myosin binding was strongly influenced by the presence of the NTE, which reduced binding by 60%. 75% more human C0-C2 than mouse bound to myosin. Actin binding of mouse C0-C2 was not affected by the NTE. 50% more human C0-C2 than mouse bound to actin. TR-FRET indicates that the NTE did not significantly affect structural dynamics across domains C0 and C1. CONCLUSIONS Our functional results are consistent with the idea that cardiac myosin binding of N-terminal cMyBP-C is reduced in the mouse protein due to the presence of the NTE, which is proposed to interfere with myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) binding. The NTE is a critical component of mouse cMyBP-C, and should be considered in extrapolation of studies to cMyBP-C and HCM mechanisms in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bunch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Victoria C Lepak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Rhye-Samuel Kanassatega
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Brett A Colson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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17
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Wang L, Geist J, Grogan A, Hu LYR, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Thick Filament Protein Network, Functions, and Disease Association. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:631-709. [PMID: 29687901 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomeres consist of highly ordered arrays of thick myosin and thin actin filaments along with accessory proteins. Thick filaments occupy the center of sarcomeres where they partially overlap with thin filaments. The sliding of thick filaments past thin filaments is a highly regulated process that occurs in an ATP-dependent manner driving muscle contraction. In addition to myosin that makes up the backbone of the thick filament, four other proteins which are intimately bound to the thick filament, myosin binding protein-C, titin, myomesin, and obscurin play important structural and regulatory roles. Consistent with this, mutations in the respective genes have been associated with idiopathic and congenital forms of skeletal and cardiac myopathies. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular structure, subcellular localization, interacting partners, function, modulation via posttranslational modifications, and disease involvement of these five major proteins that comprise the thick filament of striated muscle cells. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:631-709, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janelle Geist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li-Yen R Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Maayah ZH, Abdelhamid G, Elshenawy OH, El-Sherbeni AA, Althurwi HN, McGinn E, Dawood D, Alammari AH, El-Kadi AOS. The Role of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Enzyme on Daunorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 18:268-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Grimes KM, Barefield DY, Kumar M, McNamara JW, Weintraub ST, de Tombe PP, Sadayappan S, Buffenstein R. The naked mole-rat exhibits an unusual cardiac myofilament protein profile providing new insights into heart function of this naturally subterranean rodent. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1603-1613. [PMID: 28780592 PMCID: PMC5856255 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-lived, hypoxic-tolerant naked mole-rat well-maintains cardiac function over its three-decade-long lifespan and exhibits many cardiac features atypical of similar-sized laboratory rodents. For example, they exhibit low heart rates and resting cardiac contractility, yet have a large cardiac reserve. These traits are considered ecophysiological adaptations to their dank subterranean atmosphere of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels and may also contribute to negligible declines in cardiac function during aging. We asked if naked mole-rats had a different myofilament protein signature to that of similar-sized mice that commonly show both high heart rates and high basal cardiac contractility. Adult mouse ventricles predominantly expressed α-myosin heavy chain (97.9 ± 0.4%). In contrast, and more in keeping with humans, β myosin heavy chain was the dominant isoform (79.0 ± 2.0%) in naked mole-rat ventricles. Naked mole-rat ventricles diverged from those of both humans and mice, as they expressed both cardiac and slow skeletal isoforms of troponin I. This myofilament protein profile is more commonly observed in mice in utero and during cardiomyopathies. There were no species differences in phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C or troponin I. Phosphorylation of both ventricular myosin light chain 2 and cardiac troponin T in naked mole-rats was approximately half that observed in mice. Myofilament function was also compared between the two species using permeabilized cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest a cardiac myofilament protein signature that may contribute to the naked mole-rat's suite of adaptations to its natural subterranean habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Calico Life Sciences, 1170 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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20
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Patel JR, Barton GP, Braun RK, Goss KN, Haraldsdottir K, Hopp A, Diffee G, Hacker TA, Moss RL, Eldridge MW. Altered Right Ventricular Mechanical Properties Are Afterload Dependent in a Rodent Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Physiol 2017; 8:840. [PMID: 29118720 PMCID: PMC5660986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants born premature are at increased risk for development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and ultimately right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, which together carry a high risk of neonatal mortality. However, the role alveolar simplification and abnormal pulmonary microvascular development in BPD affects RV contractile properties is unknown. We used a rat model of BPD to examine the effect of hyperoxia-induced PH on RV contractile properties. We measured in vivo RV pressure as well as passive force, maximum Ca2+ activated force, calcium sensitivity of force (pCa50) and rate of force redevelopment (ktr) in RV skinned trabeculae isolated from hearts of 21-and 35-day old rats pre-exposed to 21% oxygen (normoxia) or 85% oxygen (hyperoxia) for 14 days after birth. Systolic and diastolic RV pressure were significantly higher at day 21 in hyperoxia exposed rats compared to normoxia control rats, but normalized by 35 days of age. Passive force, maximum Ca2+ activated force, and calcium sensitivity of force were elevated and cross-bridge cycling kinetics depressed in 21-day old hyperoxic trabeculae, whereas no differences between normoxic and hyperoxic trabeculae were seen at 35 days. Myofibrillar protein analysis revealed that 21-day old hyperoxic trabeculae had increased levels of beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), atrial myosin light chain 1 (aMLC1; often referred to as essential light chain), and slow skeletal troponin I (ssTnI) compared to age matched normoxic trabeculae. On the other hand, 35-day old normoxic and hyperoxic trabeculae expressed similar level of α- and β-MHC, ventricular MLC1 and predominantly cTnI. These results suggest that neonatal exposure to hyperoxia increases RV afterload and affect both the steady state and dynamic contractile properties of the RV, likely as a result of hyperoxia-induced expression of β-MHC, delayed transition of slow skeletal TnI to cardiac TnI, and expression of atrial MLC1. These hyperoxia-induced changes in contractile properties are reversible and accompany the resolution of PH with further developmental age, underscoring the importance of reducing RV afterload to allow for normalization of RV function in both animal models and humans with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitandrakumar R Patel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gregory P Barton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rudolf K Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kara N Goss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristin Haraldsdottir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexandria Hopp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gary Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Richard L Moss
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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The role of cytochrome P450 1B1 and its associated mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid metabolites in the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:151-165. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Han P, Li W, Yang J, Shang C, Lin CH, Cheng W, Hang CT, Cheng HL, Chen CH, Wong J, Xiong Y, Zhao M, Drakos SG, Ghetti A, Li DY, Bernstein D, Chen HSV, Quertermous T, Chang CP. Epigenetic response to environmental stress: Assembly of BRG1-G9a/GLP-DNMT3 repressive chromatin complex on Myh6 promoter in pathologically stressed hearts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1772-81. [PMID: 26952936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin structure is determined by nucleosome positioning, histone modifications, and DNA methylation. How chromatin modifications are coordinately altered under pathological conditions remains elusive. Here we describe a stress-activated mechanism of concerted chromatin modification in the heart. In mice, pathological stress activates cardiomyocytes to express Brg1 (nucleosome-remodeling factor), G9a/Glp (histone methyltransferase), and Dnmt3 (DNA methyltransferase). Once activated, Brg1 recruits G9a and then Dnmt3 to sequentially assemble repressive chromatin-marked by H3K9 and CpG methylation-on a key molecular motor gene (Myh6), thereby silencing Myh6 and impairing cardiac contraction. Disruption of Brg1, G9a or Dnmt3 erases repressive chromatin marks and de-represses Myh6, reducing stress-induced cardiac dysfunction. In human hypertrophic hearts, BRG1-G9a/GLP-DNMT3 complex is also activated; its level correlates with H3K9/CpG methylation, Myh6 repression, and cardiomyopathy. Our studies demonstrate a new mechanism of chromatin assembly in stressed hearts and novel therapeutic targets for restoring Myh6 and ventricular function. The stress-induced Brg1-G9a-Dnmt3 interactions and sequence of repressive chromatin assembly on Myh6 illustrates a molecular mechanism by which the heart epigenetically responds to environmental signals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Han
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ching Shang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chiou-Hong Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Calvin T Hang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ling Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chen-Hao Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johnson Wong
- Del E. Webb Neuroscience, Aging & Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford/Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yiqin Xiong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Cardiovascular Department and Utah Artificial Heart Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Andrea Ghetti
- AnaBios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- Cardiovascular Department and Utah Artificial Heart Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huei-Sheng Vincent Chen
- Del E. Webb Neuroscience, Aging & Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford/Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ching-Pin Chang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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23
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Maayah ZH, Althurwi HN, Abdelhamid G, Lesyk G, Jurasz P, El-Kadi AO. CYP1B1 inhibition attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through a mid-chain HETEs-dependent mechanism. Pharmacol Res 2016; 105:28-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Ntelios D, Tzimagiorgis G, Efthimiadis GK, Karvounis H. Mechanical aberrations in hypetrophic cardiomyopathy: emerging concepts. Front Physiol 2015; 6:232. [PMID: 26347658 PMCID: PMC4541419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common monogenic disorder in cardiology. Despite important advances in understanding disease pathogenesis, it is not clear how flaws in individual sarcomere components are responsible for the observed phenotype. The aim of this article is to provide a brief interpretative analysis of some currently proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with a special emphasis on alterations in the cardiac mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Ntelios
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece ; Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
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25
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Gregorich ZR, Peng Y, Lane NM, Wolff JJ, Wang S, Guo W, Guner H, Doop J, Hacker TA, Ge Y. Comprehensive assessment of chamber-specific and transmural heterogeneity in myofilament protein phosphorylation by top-down mass spectrometry. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:102-12. [PMID: 26268593 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heart is characterized by a remarkable degree of heterogeneity, the basis of which is a subject of active investigation. Myofilament protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) represent a critical mechanism regulating cardiac contractility, and emerging evidence shows that pathological cardiac conditions induce contractile heterogeneity that correlates with transmural variations in the modification status of myofilament proteins. Nevertheless, whether there exists basal heterogeneity in myofilament protein PTMs in the heart remains unclear. Here we have systematically assessed chamber-specific and transmural variations in myofilament protein PTMs, specifically, the phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), tropomyosin (Tpm), and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2). We show that the phosphorylation of cTnI and αTm vary in the different chambers of the heart, whereas the phosphorylation of MLC2 and cTnT does not. In contrast, no significant transmural differences were observed in the phosphorylation of any of the myofilament proteins analyzed. These results highlight the importance of appropriate tissue sampling-particularly for studies aimed at elucidating disease mechanisms and biomarker discovery-in order to minimize potential variations arising from basal heterogeneity in myofilament PTMs in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R Gregorich
- Molecular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicole M Lane
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Sijian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Huseyin Guner
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Justin Doop
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Molecular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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26
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Nguyen PK, Wu JC. Large Animal Models of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Are They Enough to Bridge the Translational Gap? J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:666-72. [PMID: 25777782 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Nguyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building S140, Stanford, CA, 94305-5111, USA,
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27
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Milani-Nejad N, Janssen PML. Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:235-49. [PMID: 24140081 PMCID: PMC3947198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is responsible for not only pumping blood throughout the body but also adjusting this pumping activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the metabolic demands of the body. For the most part, the human heart is capable of performing its duties without complications; however, throughout many decades of use, at some point this system encounters problems. Research into the heart's activities during healthy states and during adverse impacts that occur in disease states is necessary in order to strategize novel treatment options to ultimately prolong and improve patients' lives. Animal models are an important aspect of cardiac research where a variety of cardiac processes and therapeutic targets can be studied. However, there are differences between the heart of a human being and an animal and depending on the specific animal, these differences can become more pronounced and in certain cases limiting. There is no ideal animal model available for cardiac research, the use of each animal model is accompanied with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we will discuss these advantages and disadvantages of commonly used laboratory animals including mouse, rat, rabbit, canine, swine, and sheep. Since the goal of cardiac research is to enhance our understanding of human health and disease and help improve clinical outcomes, we will also discuss the role of human cardiac tissue in cardiac research. This review will focus on the cardiac ventricular contractile and relaxation kinetics of humans and animal models in order to illustrate these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Milani-Nejad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.
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28
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Wolny M, Colegrave M, Colman L, White E, Knight PJ, Peckham M. Cardiomyopathy mutations in the tail of β-cardiac myosin modify the coiled-coil structure and affect integration into thick filaments in muscle sarcomeres in adult cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31952-62. [PMID: 24047955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.513291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear why mutations in the filament-forming tail of myosin heavy chain (MHC) cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy as these mutations should not directly affect contraction. To investigate this, we first investigated the impact of five hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing (N1327K, E1356K, R1382W, E1555K, and R1768K) and one dilated cardiomyopathy-causing (R1500W) tail mutations on their ability to incorporate into muscle sarcomeres in vivo. We used adenoviral delivery to express full-length wild type or mutant enhanced GFP-MHC in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Three mutations (N1327K, E1356K, and E1555K) reduced enhanced GFP-MHC incorporation into muscle sarcomeres, whereas the remainder had no effect. No mutations significantly affected contraction. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed that fluorescence recovery for the mutation that incorporated least well (N1327K) was significantly faster than that of WT with half-times of 25.1 ± 1.8 and 32.2 ± 2.5 min (mean ± S.E.), respectively. Next, we determined the effects of each mutation on the helical properties of wild type and seven mutant peptides (7, 11, or 15 heptads long) from the myosin tail by circular dichroism. R1382W and E1768K slightly increased the α-helical nature of peptides. The remaining mutations reduced α-helical content, with N1327K showing the greatest reduction. Only peptides containing residues 1301-1329 were highly α-helical suggesting that this region helps in initiation of coiled coil. These results suggest that small effects of mutations on helicity translate into a reduced ability to incorporate into sarcomeres, which may elicit compensatory hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wolny
- From the School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
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29
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Zhang M, Mou T, Zhao Z, Peng C, Ma Y, Fang W, Zhang X. Synthesis and 18F-labeling of the analogues of Omecamtiv Mecarbil as a potential cardiac myosin imaging agent with PET. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:689-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Nowakowski SG, Kolwicz SC, Korte FS, Luo Z, Robinson-Hamm JN, Page JL, Brozovich F, Weiss RS, Tian R, Murry CE, Regnier M. Transgenic overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase improves cardiac performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6187-92. [PMID: 23530224 PMCID: PMC3625337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220693110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that cardiac myosin can use 2-deoxy-ATP (dATP) as an energy substrate, that it enhances contraction and relaxation with minimal effect on calcium-handling properties in vitro, and that contractile enhancement occurs with only minor elevation of cellular [dATP]. Here, we report the effect of chronically enhanced dATP concentration on cardiac function using a transgenic mouse that overexpresses the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (TgRR), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis. Hearts from TgRR mice had elevated left ventricular systolic function compared with wild-type (WT) mice, both in vivo and in vitro, without signs of hypertrophy or altered diastolic function. Isolated cardiomyocytes from TgRR mice had enhanced contraction and relaxation, with no change in Ca(2+) transients, suggesting targeted improvement of myofilament function. TgRR hearts had normal ATP and only slightly decreased phosphocreatine levels by (31)P NMR spectroscopy, and they maintained rate responsiveness to dobutamine challenge. These data demonstrate long-term (at least 5-mo) elevation of cardiac [dATP] results in sustained elevation of basal left ventricular performance, with maintained β-adrenergic responsiveness and energetic reserves. Combined with results from previous studies, we conclude that this occurs primarily via enhanced myofilament activation and contraction, with similar or faster ability to relax. The data are sufficiently compelling to consider elevated cardiac [dATP] as a therapeutic option to treat systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C. Kolwicz
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Frederick Steven Korte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Zhaoxiong Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Jennifer L. Page
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Robert S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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31
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The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway in cardiotoxicity of acute lead intoxication in vivo and in vitro rat model. Toxicology 2013; 306:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Stanley WC, Keehan KH. Update on innovative initiatives for the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1045-9. [PMID: 23457015 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00082.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Burghardt TP, Sikkink LA. Regulatory light chain mutants linked to heart disease modify the cardiac myosin lever arm. Biochemistry 2013; 52:1249-59. [PMID: 23343568 DOI: 10.1021/bi301500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myosin is the chemomechanical energy transducer in striated heart muscle. The myosin cross-bridge applies impulsive force to actin while consuming ATP chemical energy to propel myosin thick filaments relative to actin thin filaments in the fiber. Transduction begins with ATP hydrolysis in the cross-bridge driving rotary movement of a lever arm converting torque into linear displacement. Myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) binds to the lever arm and modifies its ability to translate actin. Gene sequencing implicated several RLC mutations in heart disease, and three of them are investigated here using photoactivatable GFP-tagged RLC (RLC-PAGFP) exchanged into permeabilized papillary muscle fibers. A single-lever arm probe orientation is detected in the crowded environment of the muscle fiber by using RLC-PAGFP with dipole orientation deduced from the three-spatial dimension fluorescence emission pattern of the single molecule. Symmetry and selection rules locate dipoles in their half-sarcomere, identify those at the minimal free energy, and specify active dipole contraction intermediates. Experiments were performed in a microfluidic chamber designed for isometric contraction, total internal reflection fluorescence detection, and two-photon excitation second harmonic generation to evaluate sarcomere length. The RLC-PAGFP reports apparently discretized lever arm orientation intermediates in active isometric fibers that on average produce the stall force. Disease-linked mutants introduced into RLC move intermediate occupancy further down the free energy gradient, implying lever arms rotate more to reach stall force because mutant RLC increases lever arm shear strain. A lower free energy intermediate occupancy involves a lower energy conversion efficiency in the fiber relating a specific myosin function modification to the disease-implicated mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Burghardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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34
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Wang Y, Tanner BCW, Lombardo AT, Tremble SM, Maughan DW, Vanburen P, Lewinter MM, Robbins J, Palmer BM. Cardiac myosin isoforms exhibit differential rates of MgADP release and MgATP binding detected by myocardial viscoelasticity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 54:1-8. [PMID: 23123290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We measured myosin crossbridge detachment rate and the rates of MgADP release and MgATP binding in mouse and rat myocardial strips bearing one of the two cardiac myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. Mice and rats were fed an iodine-deficient, propylthiouracil diet resulting in ~100% expression of β-MyHC in the ventricles. Ventricles of control animals expressed ~100% α-MyHC. Chemically-skinned myocardial strips prepared from papillary muscle were subjected to sinusoidal length perturbation analysis at maximum calcium activation pCa 4.8 and 17°C. Frequency characteristics of myocardial viscoelasticity were used to calculate crossbridge detachment rate over 0.01 to 5mM [MgATP]. The rate of MgADP release, equivalent to the asymptotic value of crossbridge detachment rate at high MgATP, was highest in mouse α-MyHC (111.4±6.2s(-1)) followed by rat α-MyHC (65.0±7.3s(-1)), mouse β-MyHC (24.3±1.8s(-1)) and rat β-MyHC (15.5±0.8s(-1)). The rate of MgATP binding was highest in mouse α-MyHC (325±32 mM(-1) s(-1)) then mouse β-MyHC (152±23 mM(-1) s(-1)), rat α-MyHC (108±10 mM(-1) s(-1)) and rat β-MyHC (55±6 mM(-1) s(-1)). Because the events of MgADP release and MgATP binding occur in a post power-stroke state of the myosin crossbridge, we infer that MgATP release and MgATP binding must be regulated by isoform- and species-specific structural differences located outside the nucleotide binding pocket, which is identical in sequence for these four myosins. We postulate that differences in the stiffness profile of the entire myosin molecule, including the thick filament and the myosin-actin interface, are primarily responsible for determining the strain on the nucleotide binding pocket and the subsequent differences in the rates of nucleotide release and binding observed among the four myosins examined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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