1
|
Ahn Y, An JH, Yang HJ, Lee WJ, Lee SH, Park YH, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Kim SU. Blood vessel organoids generated by base editing and harboring single nucleotide variation in Notch3 effectively recapitulate CADASIL-related pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04141-4. [PMID: 38592587 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Human blood vessel organoids (hBVOs) offer a promising platform for investigating vascular diseases and identifying therapeutic targets. In this study, we focused on in vitro modeling and therapeutic target finding of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. Despite the identification of these mutations, the underlying pathological mechanism is elusive, and effective therapeutic approaches are lacking. CADASIL primarily affects the blood vessels in the brain, leading to ischemic strokes, migraines, and dementia. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 base-editing technology, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying Notch3 mutations. These mutant hiPSCs were differentiated into hBVOs. The NOTCH3 mutated hBVOs exhibited CADASIL-like pathology, characterized by a reduced vessel diameter and degeneration of mural cells. Furthermore, we observed an accumulation of Notch3 extracellular domain (Notch3ECD), increased apoptosis, and cytoskeletal alterations in the NOTCH3 mutant hBVOs. Notably, treatment with ROCK inhibitors partially restored the disconnection between endothelial cells and mural cells in the mutant hBVOs. These findings shed light on the pathogenesis of CADASIL and highlight the potential of hBVOs for studying and developing therapeutic interventions for this debilitating human vascular disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ahn
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Hae-Jun Yang
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Korea
| | - Wi-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, 28116, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Center for Research Equipment (104-Dong), Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, 28116, Korea
| | - Hong J Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
- Research Institute, huMetaCELL Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Breslin JW, Yuan SY. Determination of Solute Permeability of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Monolayers In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:1-12. [PMID: 37776444 PMCID: PMC10928851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The microvascular endothelium has a critical role in regulating the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and water to the surrounding tissues. Under inflammatory conditions that accompany acute injury or disease, microvascular permeability becomes elevated. When microvascular hyperpermeability becomes uncontrolled or chronic, the excessive escape of plasma proteins into the surrounding tissue disrupts homeostasis and ultimately leads to organ dysfunction. Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms that control microvascular permeability. In addition to in vivo and isolated microvessel methods, the cultured endothelial cell monolayer protocol is an important tool that allows for understanding the specific, endothelial subcellular mechanisms that determine permeability of the endothelium to plasma proteins. In this chapter, two variations of the popular Transwell culture methodology to determine permeability to using fluorescently labeled tracers are presented. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Breslin JW. Edema and lymphatic clearance: molecular mechanisms and ongoing challenges. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1451-1476. [PMID: 37732545 PMCID: PMC11025659 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Resolution of edema remains a significant clinical challenge. Conditions such as traumatic shock, sepsis, or diabetes often involve microvascular hyperpermeability, which leads to tissue and organ dysfunction. Lymphatic insufficiency due to genetic causes, surgical removal of lymph nodes, or infections, leads to varying degrees of tissue swelling that impair mobility and immune defenses. Treatment options are limited to management of edema as there are no specific therapeutics that have demonstrated significant success for ameliorating microvascular leakage or impaired lymphatic function. This review examines current knowledge about the physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that control microvascular permeability and lymphatic clearance, the respective processes for interstitial fluid formation and removal. Clinical conditions featuring edema, along with potential future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, FL, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miao S, Zhang Q. Circulating circRNA: a social butterfly in tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203696. [PMID: 37546422 PMCID: PMC10401440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded non-coding RNAs that form circular structures through irregular splicing or post-splicing events. CircRNAs are abnormally expressed in many cancers and regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. Circulating circRNAs are cell-free circRNAs present in peripheral blood, they are considered promising biomarkers due to their high stability. In recent years, more and more studies have revealed that circulating circRNAs participate in various cellular communication and regulate the occurrence and development of tumors, which involve many pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, tumor-related immunity, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Understanding the role of cell communication mediated by circulating circRNAs in tumor will further reveal the value and significance behind their use as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and provide an overview of the cell-cell communication mediated by circulating circRNAs, aiming to explore the role and application value of circulating circRNAs in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Miao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soleymani M, Masoudkabir F, Shabani M, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Behnoush AH, Khalaji A. Updates on Pharmacologic Management of Microvascular Angina. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:6080258. [PMID: 36382021 PMCID: PMC9626221 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6080258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular angina (MVA), historically called cardiac syndrome X, refers to angina with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. This female-predominant cardiovascular disorder adds considerable health-related costs due to repeated diagnostic angiography and frequent hospital admissions. Despite the high prevalence of this diagnosis in patients undergoing coronary angiography, it is still a therapeutic challenge for cardiologists. Unlike obstructive coronary artery disease, with multiple evidence-based therapies and management guidelines, little is known regarding the management of MVA. During the last decade, many therapeutic interventions have been suggested for the treatment of MVA. However, there is a lack of summarization tab and update of current knowledge about pharmacologic management of MVA, mostly due to unclear pathophysiology. In this article, we have reviewed the underlying mechanisms of MVA and the outcomes of various medications in patients with this disease. Contrary to vasospastic angina in which normal angiogram is observed as well, nitrates are not effective in the treatment of MVA. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers have the strongest evidence of improving the symptoms. Moreover, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, estrogen, and novel antianginal drugs has had promising outcomes. Investigations are still ongoing for vitamin D, omega-3, incretins, and n-acetyl cysteine, which have resulted in beneficial initial outcomes. We believe that the employment of the available results and results of the future large-scale trials into cardiac care guidelines would help reduce the global cost of cardiac care tremendously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Soleymani
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Wang C, Zuo N, Yang H, Fang S, Shi J. Extracellular Traps Increase Burden of Bleeding by Damaging Endothelial Cell in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841445. [PMID: 35479063 PMCID: PMC9035902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is currently over 90% because of the use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with arsenic trioxide (ATO). However, hemorrhagic mortality has emerged as the most significant barrier to APL-induced remission. Neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs/ETs) cause vascular leakage by damaging the integrity of endothelial cells. We have previously demonstrated that APL cells treated with ATRA/ATO undergo a cell death process, releasing extracellular chromatin, termed ETosis/NETosis. However, the mechanism underlying the involvement of ETs in endothelial injury in APL remain largely unknown. Here, we analysed the ability of mature and immature neutrophils to release ETs, and their interaction with platelets (PLTs) in APL. Importantly, the effect of ETs on vascular endothelium in APL was discussed. Our results showed that the ability of immature neutrophils to release ETs was impaired in APL, whereas mature neutrophils produced ETs, which were associated with activated PLTs. Moreover, ATRA+ATO induced immature neutrophil differentiation, as well as increased the release of ETs from mature neutrophils. The excessive ETs damaged endothelial cells, causing blood cell leakage. Removing ETs using DNase 1 alleviated endothelial damage and improved blood cells leakage. Our results indicate that vascular endothelial injury is at least partially associated with ETs in APL, and that targeting ETs production may be an effective approach for relieving vascular leakage and reducing the burden of bleeding in APL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chunxu Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jialan Shi, , ; Shaohong Fang,
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Departments of Research and Medical Oncology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jialan Shi, , ; Shaohong Fang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rho signaling inhibition mitigates lung injury via targeting neutrophil recruitment and selectin-AKT signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119122. [PMID: 34425130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the early responders of the immune system, eliminate intruders, but their over-activation can also instigate tissue damage leading to various autoimmune and inflammatory disease conditions. As approaches causing neutropenia are associated with immunodeficiency, targeting aberrant neutrophil infiltration offers an attractive strategy in neutrophil-centered diseases including acute lung injury. Rho GTPase family proteins Rho, Rac and Cdc42 play important role as regulators of chemotaxis in diverse systems. Rho inhibitors protected against lung injuries, while genetic Rho-deficiency exhibited neutrophil hyperactivity and exacerbated lung injury. These differential outcomes might be due to distinct effects on different cell types or activation/ inhibition of specific signaling pathways responsible for neutrophil polarity, migration and functions. In this study, we explored neutrophil centric effects of Rho signaling mitigation. Consistent with previous reports, Rho signaling inhibitor Y-27632 provided protection against acute lung injury, but without regulating LPS mediated systemic increase of neutrophils in the circulation. Interestingly, the adoptive transfer approach identified a specific defect in neutrophil migration capacity after Rho signaling mitigation. These defects were associated with loss of polarity and altered actin dynamics identified using time-lapse in vitro studies. Further analysis revealed a rescue of stimulation-dependent L-selectin shedding on neutrophils with Rho signaling inhibitor. Surprisingly, functional blocking of L-selectin (CD62L) led to defective recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed lungs. Further, single-cell level analyses identified MAPK signaling as downstream mechanism of Rho signaling and L-selectin mediated effects. p-AKT levels were diminished in detergent resistance membrane-associated signalosome upon Rho signaling inhibition and blockade of selectin. Moreover, inhibition of AKT signaling as well as selectin blocking led to defects in neutrophil polarity. Together, this study identified Rho-dependent distinct L-selectin and AKT signaling mediated regulation of neutrophil recruitment to inflamed lung tissue.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren S, Wu G, Huang Y, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang Y. MiR-18a Aggravates Intracranial Hemorrhage by Regulating RUNX1-Occludin/ZO-1 Axis to Increase BBB Permeability. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105878. [PMID: 34077824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the molecular mechanisms of miR-18a aggravating intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) by increasing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. METHODS Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and astrocytes were isolated, identified, and co-cultured to establish in vitro BBB model. BMVECs co-cultured with astrocytes were stimulated with or without thrombase and then transfected with miR-18a mimic and/or si-RUNX1. The trans-endothelial electric resistance (TEER) and FlNa flux were measured, respectively. The potential interaction between RUNX1 and miR-18a was also detected. Additionally, SD rats were injected with fresh autologous non-anticoagulant blood into the brain basal ganglia to establish ICH model. After administration with miR-18a, sh-miR-18a, miR-18a+RUNX1, sh-miR-18a+sh-RUNX1, respectively, BBB permeability was assessed. RESULTS After overexpressing miR-18a, the expression levels of RUNX1, Occludin and ZO-1 were decreased, but the Evan's blue contents and brain water contents were significantly increased in ICH rats. Additionally, rat neurological function was impaired, accompanying with an increase of TEER and fluorescein sodium flux. MiR-18a was a direct target of RUNX1 and it could bind to the promoters of RUNX1 to inhibit the expression of Occuldin and ZO-1. Consistently, these phenomena could also be observed in the corresponding cell model. Conversely, miR-18a knockdown or RUNX1 overexpression just presented an improvement effect on ICH. CONCLUSIONS MiR-18a plays a critical role during ICH because it targets to RUNX1 to inhibit the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin and ZO-1) and then disrupt BBB permeability. MiR-18a might be a probable therapeutic target for ICH diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Ren
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yuanxin Huang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rho-Proteins and Downstream Pathways as Potential Targets in Sepsis and Septic Shock: What Have We Learned from Basic Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081844. [PMID: 34440613 PMCID: PMC8391638 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are associated with acute and sustained impairment in the function of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, lungs, liver, and brain, among others. Despite the significant advances in prevention and treatment, sepsis and septic shock sepsis remain global health problems with elevated mortality rates. Rho proteins can interact with a considerable number of targets, directly affecting cellular contractility, actin filament assembly and growing, cell motility and migration, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and actin polymerization, physiological functions that are intensively impaired during inflammatory conditions, such as the one that occurs in sepsis. In the last few decades, Rho proteins and their downstream pathways have been investigated in sepsis-associated experimental models. The most frequently used experimental design included the exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in both in vitro and in vivo approaches, but experiments using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis have also been performed. The findings described in this review indicate that Rho proteins, mainly RhoA and Rac1, are associated with the development of crucial sepsis-associated dysfunction in different systems and cells, including the endothelium, vessels, and heart. Notably, the data found in the literature suggest that either the inhibition or activation of Rho proteins and associated pathways might be desirable in sepsis and septic shock, accordingly with the cellular system evaluated. This review included the main findings, relevance, and limitations of the current knowledge connecting Rho proteins and sepsis-associated experimental models.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dubrovskyi O, Hasten E, Dudek SM, Flavin MT, Chan LLY. Development of an Image-Based HCS-Compatible Method for Endothelial Barrier Function Assessment. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1079-1090. [PMID: 34269109 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211030900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent renascence of phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) is catalyzed by its ability to identify first-in-class drugs and deliver results when the exact molecular mechanism is partially obscure. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe, life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate that has increased in frequency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite decades of laboratory and clinical study, no efficient pharmacological therapy for ARDS has been found. An increase in endothelial permeability is the primary event in ARDS onset, causing the development of pulmonary edema that leads to respiratory failure. Currently, the detailed molecular mechanisms regulating endothelial permeability are poorly understood. Therefore, the use of the PDD approach in the search for efficient ARDS treatment can be more productive than classic target-based drug discovery (TDD), but its use requires a new cell-based assay compatible with high-throughput (HTS) and high-content (HCS) screening. Here we report the development of a new plate-based image cytometry method to measure endothelial barrier function. The incorporation of image cytometry in combination with digital image analysis substantially decreases assay variability and increases the signal window. This new method simultaneously allows for rapid measurement of cell monolayer permeability and cytological analysis. The time-course of permeability increase in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) in response to the thrombin and tumor necrosis factor α treatment correlates with previously published data obtained by transendothelial resistance (TER) measurements. Furthermore, the proposed image cytometry method can be easily adapted for HTS/HCS applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- UICentre, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois in Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica Hasten
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, College of Medicine, University of Illinois in Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael T Flavin
- UICentre, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois in Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Sun X, Lu Q, Zemskov EA, Yegambaram M, Wu X, Wang T, Tang H, Black SM. The mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS is involved in lipopolysaccharide induced inflammasome activation during acute lung injury. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101878. [PMID: 33578126 PMCID: PMC7879038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating clinical syndrome with no effective therapies. Inflammasome activation has been reported to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of ALI. The molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the activation of inflammasome in ALI remains unresolved, although increases in mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) are involved. Our previous work has shown that the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases mito-ROS generation. Thus, the focus of our study was to determine if lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammasome activation involves the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS. Our data show that the increase in mito-ROS involved in LPS-mediated inflammasome activation is associated with the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and the mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS. These effects are dependent on RhoA-ROCK signaling and are mediated via increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Threonine (T)-495. A derivative of the mitochondrial targeted Szeto-Schiller peptide (SSP) attached to the antioxidant Tiron (T-SSP), significantly attenuated LPS-mediated mito-ROS generation and inflammasome activation in HLMVEC. Further, T-SSP attenuated mitochondrial superoxide production in a mouse model of sepsis induced ALI. This in turn significantly reduced the inflammatory response and attenuated lung injury. Thus, our findings show that the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS is intimately involved in the activation of the inflammatory response in ALI and implicate attenuating mito-ROS as a therapeutic strategy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo X, Eitnier RA, Beard RS, Meegan JE, Yang X, Aponte AM, Wang F, Nelson PR, Wu MH. Focal adhesion kinase and Src mediate microvascular hyperpermeability caused by fibrinogen- γC- terminal fragments. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231739. [PMID: 32352989 PMCID: PMC7192500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We previously reported microvascular leakage resulting from fibrinogen-γ chain C-terminal products (γC) occurred via a RhoA-dependent mechanism. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the signaling mechanism by which γC induces endothelial hyperpermeability. Since it is known that γC binds and activates endothelial αvβ3, a transmembrane integrin receptor involved in intracellular signaling mediated by the tyrosine kinases FAK and Src, we hypothesized that γC alters endothelial barrier function by activating the FAK-Src pathway leading to junction dissociation and RhoA driven cytoskeletal stress-fiber formation. Methods and results Using intravital microscopy of rat mesenteric microvessels, we show increased extravasation of plasma protein (albumin) resulting from γC administration. In addition, capillary fluid filtration coefficient (Kfc) indicated γC-induced elevated lung vascular permeability. Furthermore, γC decreased transendothelial barrier resistance in a time-dependent and dose-related fashion in cultured rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMVECs), accompanied by increased FAK/Src phosphorylation detection by western blot. Experiments with pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of FAK showed significantly reduced γC-induced albumin and fluid leakage across microvessels, stress-fiber formation, VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, and improved γC-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, indicating the involvement of FAK in γC mediated hyperpermeability. Comparable results were found when Src was targeted in a similar manner, however inhibition of FAK prevented Src activation, suggesting that FAK is upstream of Src in γC-mediated hyperpermeability. In addition, γC-induced cytoskeletal stress-fiber formation was attenuated during inhibition or silencing of these tyrosine kinases, concomitantly with RhoA inhibition. Conclusion The FAK-Src pathway contributes to γC-induced microvascular barrier dysfunction, junction protein phosphorylation and disorganization in a manner that involves RhoA and stress-fiber formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Eitnier
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Beard
- Department of Biomolecular Research, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M. Aponte
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Mack H. Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ikeda KT, Hale PT, Pauciulo MW, Dasgupta N, Pastura PA, Le Cras TD, Pandey MK, Nichols WC. Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Different Mouse Strains: Relation to Transcriptome. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:106-116. [PMID: 30134121 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0435oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can harbor mutations in several genes, most commonly in BMPR2. However, disease penetrance in patients with BMPR2 mutations is low. In addition, most patients do not carry known PAH gene mutations, suggesting that other factors determine susceptibility to PAH. To begin to identify additional genomic factors contributing to PAH pathogenesis, we exposed 32 mouse strains to chronic hypoxia. We found that the PL/J strain has extremely high right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP; 86.58 mm Hg) but minimal lung remodeling. To identify potential genomic factors contributing to the high RVSP, RNAseq analysis of PL/J lung mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) after hypoxia was performed, and it demonstrated that 4 of 43 upregulated miRNAs in the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting region are predicted to target T cell marker mRNAs. These target mRNAs, as well as the numbers of T cells were downregulated. In addition, C5a and its receptor, C5AR1, were increased. Analysis of Rho-associated protein kinase (Rock) 2 mRNA expression, in the RhoA/Rock pathway, demonstrated a significant increase in PL/J. Inhibition of Rock2 ameliorated a portion of the elevated RVSP. In addition, we identified miR-150-5p as a potential regulator of Rock2 expression. In conclusion, we identified two possible pathways contributing to the hypoxia pulmonary hypertension phenotype of extreme RVSP elevation: aberrant T cell expression driven by hypoxia-induced miRNAs and increased expression of C5a and C5AR1. We suggest that the PL/J mouse will be a good model for seeking mechanism(s) of RVSP elevation in hypoxia-induced PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael W Pauciulo
- 1 Division of Human Genetics and.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Patricia A Pastura
- 3 Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Timothy D Le Cras
- 3 Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - William C Nichols
- 1 Division of Human Genetics and.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Burg N, Swendeman S, Worgall S, Hla T, Salmon JE. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling Maintains Endothelial Cell Barrier Function and Protects Against Immune Complex-Induced Vascular Injury. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 70:1879-1889. [PMID: 29781582 DOI: 10.1002/art.40558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune complex (IC) deposition activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), increases vascular permeability, and leads to organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), acting via S1P receptor 1 (S1P1 ), is a key regulator of endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. This study was undertaken to investigate whether augmenting EC integrity via S1P1 signaling attenuates inflammatory injury mediated by ICs. METHODS In vitro barrier function was assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC-2) and VE-cadherin staining in HUVECs were assessed by immunofluorescence. A reverse Arthus reaction (RAR) was induced in the skin and lungs of mice with S1P1 deleted from ECs (S1P1 EC-knockout [ECKO] mice) and mice treated with S1P1 agonists and antagonists. RESULTS S1P1 agonists prevented loss of barrier function in HUVECs treated with IC-activated PMNs. S1P1 ECKO and wild-type (WT) mice treated with S1P1 antagonists had amplified RAR, whereas specific S1P1 agonists attenuated skin and lung RAR in WT mice. ApoM-Fc, a novel S1P chaperone, mitigated EC cell barrier dysfunction induced by activated PMNs in vitro and attenuated lung RAR. Expression levels of p-MLC-2 and disruption of VE-cadherin, each representing manifestations of cell contraction and destabilization of adherens junctions, respectively, that were induced by activated PMNs, were markedly reduced by treatment with S1P1 agonists and ApoM-Fc. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that S1P1 signaling in ECs modulates vascular responses to IC deposition. S1P1 agonists and ApoM-Fc enhance the EC barrier, limit leukocyte escape from capillaries, and provide protection against inflammatory injury. The S1P/S1P1 axis is a newly identified target to attenuate tissue responses to IC deposition and mitigate end-organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Burg
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Timothy Hla
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Liu J, Ma J, Sun T, Zhou Q, Wang W, Wang G, Wu P, Wang H, Jiang L, Yuan W, Sun Z, Ming L. Exosomal circRNAs: biogenesis, effect and application in human diseases. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:116. [PMID: 31277663 PMCID: PMC6610963 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, by regulating a diverse range of biological processes between cells. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel member of endogenous noncoding RNAs with widespread distribution and diverse cellular functions. Recently, circular RNAs have been identified for their enrichment and stability in exosomes. In this review, we outline the origin, biogenesis and function of exosomal circRNAs as well as their roles in various diseases. Although their precise roles and mechanisms of gene regulation remain largely elusive, exosomal circRNAs have potential applications as disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangxia Wang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junfen Ma
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Pingjun Wu
- Department of Cardiac surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Liang Ming
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The bacterial protein CNF1 as a new strategy against Plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213529. [PMID: 30845261 PMCID: PMC6405130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria causes more than 400,000 deaths every year. One feature of P. falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (pRBC) leading to cerebral malaria (CM), the most dangerous form of severe malaria, is cytoadherence to endothelium and blockage of the brain microvasculature. Preventing ligand-receptor interactions involved in this process could inhibit pRBC sequestration and insurgence of severe disease whilst reversing existing cytoadherence could be a saving life adjunct therapy. Increasing evidence indicate the endothelial Rho signaling as a crucial player in malaria parasite cytoadherence. Therefore, we have used the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), an Escherichia coli protein able to modulate the activity of Cdc42, Rac, and Rho, three subfamilies of the Rho GTPases family, to study interactions between infected erythrocytes and cerebral endothelium in co-culture models. The main results are that CNF1 not only prevents cytoadherence but, more importantly, induces the detachment of pRBCs from endothelia monolayers. We first observed that CNF1 does affect neither parasite growth, nor the morphology and concentration of knobs that characterize the parasitized erythrocyte surface, as viewed by scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, flow cytometry experiments show that cytoadherence reversion induced by CNF1 occurs in parallel with a decreased ICAM-1 receptor expression on the cell surface, suggesting the involvement of a toxin-promoted endocytic activity in such a response. Furthermore, since the endothelial barrier functionality is compromised by P. falciparum, we conducted a permeability assay on endothelial cells, revealing the CNF1 capacity to restore the brain endothelial barrier integrity. Then, using pull-down assays and inhibitory studies, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CNF1 is able not only to prevent but also to cause the parasite detachment by simultaneously activating Rho, Rac and Cdc42 in endothelial cells. All in all our findings indicate that CNF1 may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy for preventing neurological complications of CM.
Collapse
|
17
|
Alves NG, Yuan SY, Breslin JW. Sphingosine-1-phosphate protects against brain microvascular endothelial junctional protein disorganization and barrier dysfunction caused by alcohol. Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12506. [PMID: 30281888 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S1P has known endothelial barrier-protective properties, but whether this extends to the BBB is unclear. We hypothesized that alcohol-induced disruption of brain microvascular endothelial barrier function and junctional protein organization can be ameliorated by S1P treatment. METHODS Cultured primary HBMEC monolayers were used to characterize endothelial-specific mechanisms of BBB regulation. TER and apparent permeability coefficients for albumin, dextran-4 kDa, and sodium fluorescein were used as indices of barrier function. Junctional localization of Claudin-5, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin was determined by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. S1P was applied following treatment with alcohol. RESULTS Alcohol significantly impaired HBMEC TER. Application of S1P after alcohol treatment resulted in a hastened recovery to the baseline HBMEC TER. Alcohol-treated HBMEC had a significantly higher mean permeability than control that was reversed by S1P. Alcohol caused the formation of gaps between cells. Treatment with S1P (after alcohol) increased junctional localization of VE-Cadherin, Claudin-5, and β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol impairs the barrier function and junctional organization of HBMEC monolayers. S1P enhanced barrier function and restored junctions in the presence of alcohol, and thus may be useful for restoring BBB function during alcohol intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha G Alves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kenne E, Rasmuson J, Renné T, Vieira ML, Müller-Esterl W, Herwald H, Lindbom L. Neutrophils engage the kallikrein‐kinin system to open up the endothelial barrier in acute inflammation. FASEB J 2018; 33:2599-2609. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801329r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Kenne
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Joel Rasmuson
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Monica L. Vieira
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden
- Biotechnology CenterButantan InstituteSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Heiko Herwald
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Lennart Lindbom
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Endothelial Protrusions in Junctional Integrity and Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:93-140. [PMID: 30360784 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of the microcirculation form a semi-permeable diffusion barrier between the blood and tissues. This permeability of the endothelium, particularly in the capillaries and postcapillary venules, is a normal physiological function needed for blood-tissue exchange in the microcirculation. During inflammation, microvascular permeability increases dramatically and can lead to tissue edema, which in turn can lead to dysfunction of tissues and organs. The molecular mechanisms that control the barrier function of endothelial cells have been under investigation for several decades and remain an important topic due to the potential for discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce edema. This review highlights current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to endothelial hyperpermeability during inflammatory conditions associated with injury and disease. This includes a discussion of recent findings demonstrating temporal protrusions by endothelial cells that may contribute to intercellular junction integrity between endothelial cells and affect the diffusion distance for solutes via the paracellular pathway.
Collapse
|
20
|
Krga I, Tamaian R, Mercier S, Boby C, Monfoulet LE, Glibetic M, Morand C, Milenkovic D. Anthocyanins and their gut metabolites attenuate monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration through nutrigenomic mechanisms regulating endothelial cell permeability. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:364-379. [PMID: 29964169 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotective effects of dietary anthocyanins are partly attributed to their ability to maintain endothelial function. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites, at physiologically-relevant conditions, on endothelial cell (EC) function and decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms of action using integrated omics approaches. Primary EC were treated with a mixture of 0.1 μM cyanidin-3-arabinoside, 0.1 μM cyanidin-3-galactoside, 0.1 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside, 0.1 μM delphinidin-3-glucoside, 0.1 μM peonidin-3-glucoside and 0.5 μM 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde for 3 h or a mixture of gut metabolites: 0.2 μM protocatechuic, 2 μM vanillic, 1 μM ferulic and 2 μM hippuric acids for 18 h. Also, successive exposure of EC to both mixtures was performed to mimic anthocyanin pharmacokinetics following their intake. Inflammatory stress was induced using TNFα and monocytes added to assess adhesion and transmigration. Effects of these mixtures on gene, miRNA expression and their potential interaction with cell signalling were investigated. Anthocyanins and their gut metabolites significantly reduced monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Gene expression analysis, using macroarrays, showed that tested compounds modulated the expression of genes involved in cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeleton organisation or focal adhesion. Bioinformatics analyses of gene expression data identified potential transcription factors involved in the observed nutrigenomic effects and signalling proteins regulating their activity. Molecular docking revealed cell signalling proteins to which these bioactives may bind to and potentially affect their activity and the activation of downstream signalling, effects that were in agreement with the results of Western blot analyses. Microarray analysis showed that anthocyanins and their gut metabolites affected miRNA expression in EC, especially those involved in regulation of EC permeability, contributing to the observed changes in EC function. Integration of these results revealed endothelial-protective properties of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites and deciphered new underlying multi-target and multi-layered mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Krga
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radu Tamaian
- Research and Development Department, National Institute for Research and Development for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, RO-240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania; SC Biotech Corp SRL, RO-240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania.
| | - Sylvie Mercier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Celine Boby
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Metabolism Exploration Platform, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Marija Glibetic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li J, Li Z, Jiang P, Peng M, Zhang X, Chen K, Liu H, Bi H, Liu X, Li X. Circular RNA IARS (circ-IARS) secreted by pancreatic cancer cells and located within exosomes regulates endothelial monolayer permeability to promote tumor metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:177. [PMID: 30064461 PMCID: PMC6069563 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show that exosomes are involved in intercellular communication and that abundant circular RNAs (circRNAs) are present within exosomes. However, whether these exosomal circRNAs contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis remains unclear, as do their associated mechanisms. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of circ-IARS in 85 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, plasma exosomes, and Hs 766 T, Hs 766 T-L2 and human microvascular vein endothelial (HUVECs) cells. RhoA, ZO-1 and RhoA-GTP levels were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting (WB); RhoA activity analysis was also performed. Transwell assays were performed to examine changes in endothelial monolayer permeability, and immunofluorescence and WB were employed to evaluate F-actin expression and focal adhesion. Finally, an animal experiment was performed to detect the contribution of circ-IARS to cancer metastasis. RESULTS circ-IARS expression was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and in plasma exosomes of patients with metastatic disease. Circ-IARS was found to enter HUVECs through exosomes and promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Circ-IARS expression was positively correlated with liver metastasis, vascular invasion, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and negatively correlated with postoperative survival time. Overexpression of circ-IARS significantly down-regulated miR-122 and ZO-1 levels, up-regulated RhoA and RhoA-GTP levels, increased F-actin expression and focal adhesion, enhanced endothelial monolayer permeability, and promoted tumor invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS circ-IRAS accesses HUVECs via exosomes derived from pancreatic cancer cells followed by increased endothelial monolayer permeability. Furthermore, this process promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. The results of this study suggest that the presence of circRNAs in exosomes may be important indicator for early diagnosis and prognostic prediction in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhonghu Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Minjie Peng
- Current address: Hepatobiliary Surgery & Carson International Cancer Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Current address: Hepatobiliary Surgery & Carson International Cancer Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaqiang Bi
- Current address: Hepatobiliary Surgery & Carson International Cancer Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Current address: Hepatobiliary Surgery & Carson International Cancer Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meegan JE, Yang X, Coleman DC, Jannaway M, Yuan SY. Neutrophil-mediated vascular barrier injury: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28120468 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in host defense against infection or injury. While neutrophil activation is necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, a hyperactive response can lead to tissue damage and microcirculatory disorders, a process involving complex neutrophil-endothelium cross talk. This review highlights recent research findings about neutrophil-mediated signaling and structural changes, including those induced by neutrophil extracellular traps, which ultimately lead to vascular barrier injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle C Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Breslin JW. Cellular cross talk, inflammatory signals, and enhanced microvascular permeability. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28295872 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular leakage remains a significant clinical problem for which there is no specific therapeutic available. This Special Topics issue of the journal Microcirculation features reviews pertaining to the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the integrity of the microvascular barrier. (Meegan et al., Microcirculation, 2017) summarize recent research findings about how neutrophil extracellular traps and how these can cause injury to the microvascular barrier.( Zhang et al. Microcirculation, 2017) highlight the microvascular response to advanced glycation end-products that are formed as part of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. These ongoing investigations are helping to clarify the mechanisms by which endothelial cells receive information and integrate it to generate cellular responses that fine-tune barrier function. Better understanding of these mechanisms is needed for the rational development of therapeutic strategies to reduce excessive microvascular leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Andes Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Directs Basal Endothelial Cell Permeability by Activating RhoA. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01747-16. [PMID: 27795403 PMCID: PMC5080385 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01747-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) predominantly infects microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) and nonlytically causes an acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). In HPS patients, virtually every pulmonary MEC is infected, MECs are enlarged, and infection results in vascular leakage and highly lethal pulmonary edema. We observed that MECs infected with the ANDV hantavirus or expressing the ANDV nucleocapsid (N) protein showed increased size and permeability by activating the Rheb and RhoA GTPases. Expression of ANDV N in MECs increased cell size by preventing tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) repression of Rheb-mTOR-pS6K. N selectively bound the TSC2 N terminus (1 to 1403) within a complex containing TSC2/TSC1/TBC1D7, and endogenous TSC2 reciprocally coprecipitated N protein from ANDV-infected MECs. TSCs normally restrict RhoA-induced MEC permeability, and we found that ANDV infection or N protein expression constitutively activated RhoA. This suggests that the ANDV N protein alone is sufficient to activate signaling pathways that control MEC size and permeability. Further, RhoA small interfering RNA, dominant-negative RhoA(N19), and the RhoA/Rho kinase inhibitors fasudil and Y27632 dramatically reduced the permeability of ANDV-infected MECs by 80 to 90%. Fasudil also reduced the bradykinin-directed permeability of ANDV and Hantaan virus-infected MECs to control levels. These findings demonstrate that ANDV activation of RhoA causes MEC permeability and reveal a potential edemagenic mechanism for ANDV to constitutively inhibit the basal barrier integrity of infected MECs. The central importance of RhoA activation in MEC permeability further suggests therapeutically targeting RhoA, TSCs, and Rac1 as potential means of resolving capillary leakage during hantavirus infections. HPS is hallmarked by acute pulmonary edema, hypoxia, respiratory distress, and the ubiquitous infection of pulmonary MECs that occurs without disrupting the endothelium. Mechanisms of MEC permeability and targets for resolving lethal pulmonary edema during HPS remain enigmatic. Our findings suggest a novel underlying mechanism of MEC dysfunction resulting from ANDV activation of the Rheb and RhoA GTPases that, respectively, control MEC size and permeability. Our studies show that inhibition of RhoA blocks ANDV-directed permeability and implicate RhoA as a potential therapeutic target for restoring capillary barrier function to the ANDV-infected endothelium. Since RhoA activation forms a downstream nexus for factors that cause capillary leakage, blocking RhoA activation is liable to restore basal capillary integrity and prevent edema amplified by tissue hypoxia and respiratory distress. Targeting the endothelium has the potential to resolve disease during symptomatic stages, when replication inhibitors lack efficacy, and to be broadly applicable to other hemorrhagic and edematous viral diseases.
Collapse
|
25
|
Involvement of Histamine and RhoA/ROCK in Penicillin Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33192. [PMID: 27619816 PMCID: PMC5020415 DOI: 10.1038/srep33192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of penicillin immediate hypersensitivity reactions has not been completely elucidated. These reactions are generally considered to be mediated by IgE, but penicillin-specific IgE could not be detected in most cases. This study demonstrated that penicillin was able to cause vascular hyperpermeability in a mouse model mimicking clinical symptoms of penicillin immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The first exposure to penicillin also induced immediate edema and exudative reactions in ears and lungs of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Vasodilation was noted in microvessels in ears. These reactions were unlikely to be immune-mediated reactions, because no penicillin-specific IgE was produced. Furthermore, penicillin treatment directly elicited rapid histamine release. Penicillin also led to F-actin reorganization in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and increased the permeability of the endothelial monolayer. Activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was observed in ears and lungs of mice and in endothelial cells after treatment with penicillin. Both an anti-histamine agent and a ROCK inhibitor attenuated penicillin immediate hypersensitivity reactions in mice. This study presents a novel mechanism of penicillin immediate hypersensitivity reactions and suggests a potential preventive approach against these reactions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang XE, Adderley SP, Breslin JW. Activation of RhoA, but Not Rac1, Mediates Early Stages of S1P-Induced Endothelial Barrier Enhancement. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155490. [PMID: 27187066 PMCID: PMC4871357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised endothelial barrier function is a hallmark of inflammation. Rho family GTPases are critical in regulating endothelial barrier function, yet their precise roles, particularly in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced endothelial barrier enhancement, remain elusive. Confluent cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) were used to model the endothelial barrier. Barrier function was assessed by determining the transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) using an electrical cell-substrate impedance sensor (ECIS). The roles of Rac1 and RhoA were tested in S1P-induced barrier enhancement. The results show that pharmacologic inhibition of Rac1 with Z62954982 failed to block S1P-induced barrier enhancement. Likewise, expression of a dominant negative form of Rac1, or knockdown of native Rac1 with siRNA, failed to block S1P-induced elevations in TER. In contrast, blockade of RhoA with the combination of the inhibitors Rhosin and Y16 significantly reduced S1P-induced increases in TER. Assessment of RhoA activation in real time using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor showed that S1P increased RhoA activation primarily at the edges of cells, near junctions. This was complemented by myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation at cell edges, and increased F-actin and vinculin near intercellular junctions, which could all be blocked with pharmacologic inhibition of RhoA. The results suggest that S1P causes activation of RhoA at the cell periphery, stimulating local activation of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions, and resulting in endothelial barrier enhancement. S1P-induced Rac1 activation, however, does not appear to have a significant role in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun E. Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shaquria P. Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Breslin JW, Daines DA, Doggett TM, Kurtz KH, Souza-Smith FM, Zhang XE, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Rnd3 as a Novel Target to Ameliorate Microvascular Leakage. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003336. [PMID: 27048969 PMCID: PMC4859298 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Microvascular leakage of plasma proteins is a hallmark of inflammation that leads to tissue dysfunction. There are no current therapeutic strategies to reduce microvascular permeability. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of Rnd3, an atypical Rho family GTPase, in the control of endothelial barrier integrity. The potential therapeutic benefit of Rnd3 protein delivery to ameliorate microvascular leakage was also investigated. Methods and Results Using immunofluorescence microscopy, Rnd3 was observed primarily in cytoplasmic areas around the nuclei of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate–albumin and transendothelial electrical resistance of human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers served as indices of barrier function, and RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 activities were determined using G‐LISA assays. Overexpression of Rnd3 significantly reduced the magnitude of thrombin‐induced barrier dysfunction, and abolished thrombin‐induced Rac1 inactivation. Depleting Rnd3 expression with siRNA significantly extended the time course of thrombin‐induced barrier dysfunction and Rac1 inactivation. Time‐lapse microscopy of human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressing GFP‐actin showed that co‐expression of mCherry‐Rnd3 attenuated thrombin‐induced reductions in local lamellipodia that accompany endothelial barrier dysfunction. Lastly, a novel Rnd3 protein delivery method reduced microvascular leakage in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, assessed by both intravital microscopic observation of extravasation of fluorescein isothiocyanate–albumin from the mesenteric microcirculation, and direct determination of solute permeability in intact isolated venules. Conclusions The data suggest that Rnd3 can shift the balance of RhoA and Rac1 signaling in endothelial cells. In addition, our findings suggest the therapeutic, anti‐inflammatory potential of delivering Rnd3 to promote endothelial barrier recovery during inflammatory challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Dayle A Daines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Travis M Doggett
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Kristine H Kurtz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Flavia M Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xun E Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adderley SP, Lawrence C, Madonia E, Olubadewo JO, Breslin JW. Histamine activates p38 MAP kinase and alters local lamellipodia dynamics, reducing endothelial barrier integrity and eliciting central movement of actin fibers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C51-9. [PMID: 25948734 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00096.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the actin cytoskeleton in endothelial barrier function has been debated for nearly four decades. Our previous investigation revealed spontaneous local lamellipodia in confluent endothelial monolayers that appear to increase overlap at intercellular junctions. We tested the hypothesis that the barrier-disrupting agent histamine would reduce local lamellipodia protrusions and investigated the potential involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation and actin stress fiber formation. Confluent monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing green fluorescent protein-actin were studied using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. The protrusion and withdrawal characteristics of local lamellipodia were assessed before and after addition of histamine. Changes in barrier function were determined using electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing. Histamine initially decreased barrier function, lamellipodia protrusion frequency, and lamellipodia protrusion distance. A longer time for lamellipodia withdrawal and reduced withdrawal distance and velocity accompanied barrier recovery. After barrier recovery, a significant number of cortical fibers migrated centrally, eventually resembling actin stress fibers. The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the histamine-induced decreases in barrier function and lamellipodia protrusion frequency. SB203580 also inhibited the histamine-induced decreases in withdrawal distance and velocity, and the subsequent actin fiber migration. These data suggest that histamine can reduce local lamellipodia protrusion activity through activation of p38 MAP kinase. The findings also suggest that local lamellipodia have a role in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, we provide evidence that actin stress fiber formation may be a reaction to, rather than a cause of, reduced endothelial barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaquria P Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Curtis Lawrence
- Biology Unit, Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eyong Madonia
- Biology Unit, Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Joseph O Olubadewo
- Biology Unit, Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Breslin JW, Zhang XE, Worthylake RA, Souza-Smith FM. Involvement of local lamellipodia in endothelial barrier function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117970. [PMID: 25658915 PMCID: PMC4320108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we observed that endothelial cells cultured in tightly confluent monolayers display frequent local lamellipodia, and that thrombin, an agent that increases endothelial permeability, reduces lamellipodia protrusions. This led us to test the hypothesis that local lamellipodia contribute to endothelial barrier function. Movements of subcellular structures containing GFP-actin or VE-cadherin-GFP expressed in endothelial cells were recorded using time-lapse microscopy. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) served as an index of endothelial barrier function. Changes in both lamellipodia dynamics and TER were assessed during baseline and after cells were treated with either the barrier-disrupting agent thrombin, or the barrier-stabilizing agent sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). The myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin was used to selectively block lamellipodia formation, and was used to test their role in the barrier function of endothelial cell monolayers and isolated, perfused rat mesenteric venules. Myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Rac1 and RhoA activation were evaluated using G-LISA assays. The role of Rac1 was tested with the specific inhibitor NSC23766 or by expressing wild-type or dominant negative GFP-Rac1. The results show that thrombin rapidly decreased both TER and the lamellipodia protrusion frequency. S1P rapidly increased TER in association with increased protrusion frequency. Blebbistatin nearly abolished local lamellipodia protrusions while cortical actin fibers and stress fibers remained intact. Blebbistatin also significantly decreased TER of cultured endothelial cells and increased permeability of isolated rat mesenteric venules. Both thrombin and S1P increased MLC phosphorylation and activation of RhoA. However, thrombin and S1P had differential impacts on Rac1, correlating with the changes in TER and lamellipodia protrusion frequency. Overexpression of Rac1 elevated, while NSC23766 and dominant negative Rac1 reduced barrier function and lamellipodia activity. Combined, these data suggest that local lamellipodia, driven by myosin II and Rac1, are important for dynamic changes in endothelial barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xun E. Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Worthylake
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Flavia M. Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eisa-Beygi S, Wen XY. Could pharmacological curtailment of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway reverse the endothelial barrier dysfunction associated with Ebola virus infection? Antiviral Res 2014; 114:53-6. [PMID: 25512227 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway induces endothelial barrier dysfunction and increased vascular permeability, which is a hallmark of various life-threatening vascular pathologies. Therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway have proven effective in the attenuation of vascular leakage observed in animal models of endotoxin-induced lung injury/sepsis, edema, autoimmune disorders, and stroke. These findings suggest that treatments targeting the ROCK pathway might be of benefit in the management of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), which is characterized by severe vascular leak, likely involving pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, released from virus-infected macrophages. In this paper, we review evidence from in vivo and in vitro models of vascular leakage, suggesting that the RhoA/ROCK pathway is an important therapeutic target for the reversal of the vascular permeability defects associated with EVD. Future studies should explore the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway on reversing the endothelial barrier dysfunction in animal models of EVD and other hemorrhagic fever virus infections as part of an adjunctive therapy. Such experimental studies should focus, in particular, on the small molecule fasudil (HA-1077), a derivative of isoquinoline, which is a safe and clinically approved inhibitor of ROCK, making it an excellent candidate in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Program in Development and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Durán WN, Beuve AV, Sánchez FA. Nitric oxide, S-nitrosation, and endothelial permeability. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:819-26. [PMID: 24078390 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosation is rapidly emerging as a regulatory mechanism in vascular biology, with particular importance in the onset of hyperpermeability induced by pro-inflammatory agents. This review focuses on the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in regulating S-Nitrosation of adherens junction proteins. We discuss evidence for translocation of eNOS, via caveolae, to the cytosol and analyze the significance of eNOS location for S-Nitrosation and onset of endothelial hyperpermeability to macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter N Durán
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, U.S.A
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nagarajan S, Rajendran S, Saran U, Priya MK, Swaminathan A, Siamwala JH, Sinha S, Veeriah V, Sonar P, Jadhav V, Jaffar Ali BM, Chatterjee S. Nitric oxide protects endothelium from cadmium mediated leakiness. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:495-506. [PMID: 23404577 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium targets the vascular endothelium causing endothelial dysfunction and leakiness of endothelial barrier. Nitric oxide plays a major role in mediating endothelial functions including angiogenesis, migration and permeability. The present study investigates the nitric oxide effects on cadmium induced endothelial leakiness. Results of ex vivo and in vitro permeability assays showed that even a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1 µM) was sufficient to induce leakiness of endothelial cells. Cadmium drastically altered the actin polymerisation pattern and membrane tension of these cells compared to controls. Addition of nitric oxide donor Spermine NONOate (SP) significantly blunted cadmium-mediated effects and recover endothelial cells integrity. Cadmium-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements and membrane leakiness are associated with the low nitric oxide availability and high reactive oxygen species generation. In brief, we show the protective role of nitric oxide against cadmium-mediated endothelial leakiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugam Nagarajan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang L, Taneja R, Wang W, Yao LJ, Veldhuizen RAW, Gill SE, Fortin D, Inculet R, Malthaner R, Mehta S. Human alveolar epithelial cells attenuate pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell permeability under septic conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55311. [PMID: 23393568 PMCID: PMC3564849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are characterised by high-protein pulmonary edema and severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to increased permeability of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC). Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) contribute importantly to normal alveolar function, and AEC dysfunction in ALI/ARDS is associated with worse outcomes. We hypothesized that AEC can modulate human PMVEC barrier function, and investigated the effects of AEC presence on human PMVEC barrier under septic conditions in vitro. PMVEC isolated from human lung were treated in vitro with septic stimulation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], a mixture of clinically-relevant cytokines [cytomix], or plasma from patients with severe sepsis), and the trans-PMVEC leak of Evans Blue dye-labeled albumin assessed. PMVEC septic responses were compared in the presence/absence of co-cultured A549 epithelial cell line or primary human AEC. Septic stimulation with LPS, cytomix, or septic plasma induced marked PMVEC hyper-permeability (10.2±1.8, 8.9±2.2, and 3.7±0.2 fold-increase vs. control, respectively, p<0.01 for all). The presence of A549 cells or primary human AEC in a non-contact co-culture model attenuated septic PMVEC hyper-permeability by 39±4% to 100±3%, depending on the septic stimulation (p<0.05). Septic PMVEC hyper-permeability was also attenuated following treatment with culture medium conditioned by previous incubation with either naïve or cytomix-treated A549 cells (p<0.05), and this protective effect of A549 cell-conditioned medium was both heat-stable and transferable following lipid extraction. Cytomix-stimulated PMN-dependent PMVEC hyper-permeability and trans-PMVEC PMN migration were also inhibited in the presence of A549 cells or A549 cell-conditioned medium (p<0.05). Human AEC appear to protect human PMVEC barrier function under septic conditions in vitro, through release of a soluble mediator(s), which are at least partly lipid in nature. This study suggests a scientific and potential clinical therapeutic importance of epithelial-endothelial cross talk in maintaining alveolar integrity in ALI/ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lefeng Wang
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi Taneja
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li-Juan Yao
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruud A. W. Veldhuizen
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean E. Gill
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalilah Fortin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Inculet
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Malthaner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay Mehta
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuckleburg CJ, Newman PJ. Neutrophil proteinase 3 acts on protease-activated receptor-2 to enhance vascular endothelial cell barrier function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012. [PMID: 23202369 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The principle role of the vascular endothelium is to present a semi-impermeable barrier to soluble factors and circulating cells, while still permitting the passage of leukocytes from the bloodstream into the tissue. The process of diapedesis involves the selective disruption of endothelial cell junctions, which could compromise vascular integrity. It is therefore somewhat surprising that neutrophil transmigration does not significantly impair endothelial barrier function. We examined whether neutrophils might secrete factors that promote vascular integrity during the latter stages of neutrophil transmigration, in particular, the role of neutrophil serine proteinase 3 (PR3). METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial cells were treated with PR3 either in its soluble form or in a complex form with cell surface NB1. We observed that PR3 mediated the enhancement of endothelial cell junctional integrity and that this required its proteolytic activity, as well as endothelial cell expression of the protease-activated receptor-2. Importantly, PR3 suppressed the vascular permeability changes and disruption of junctional proteins induced by the action of protease-activated receptor-1 agonists. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish the potential for neutrophil-derived PR3 to play a role in reestablishing vascular integrity after leukocyte transmigration and in protecting endothelial cells from protease-activated receptor-1-induced permeability changes that occur during thrombotic and inflammatory events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kuckleburg
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, 8727 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53051, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cinel I, Ark M, Dellinger P, Karabacak T, Tamer L, Cinel L, Michael P, Hussein S, Parrillo JE, Kumar A, Kumar A. Involvement of Rho kinase (ROCK) in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. J Thorac Dis 2012; 4:30-9. [PMID: 22295165 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2010.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Indirect acute lung injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We investigated the link between Rho kinase (ROCK) activation and apoptotic cell death in sepsis induced acute lung injury. This hypothesis was tested by administering a specific, selective inhibitor of ROCK (Y-27632) to rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as; sham-operated, sham + Y-27632, CLP and CLP + Y-27632. Twenty-four hours later, each experiment was terminated and lungs analyzed. Histopathology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the presence of apoptosis was evaluated through the TUNEL assay. Pulmonary activity of caspase 3 and ROCK 1 & 2 were measured by western blot. Interstitial edema, severely damaged pulmonary architecture with massive infiltration of the inflammatory cells and an increase in lung tissue TBARS levels as well as 3-NT to total tyrosine ratios were observed in untreated CLP animals. Pretreatment of animals with Y-27632, reduced lung injury in the CLP induced septic rats in each of these parameters of lung injury (p<0.05). Western immunoblot revealed active caspase cleavage and increased expression of active fragment of ROCK 1 & 2 in the CLP group. TUNEL assay showed an increase in percentage of apoptotic cells when comparing the CLP group with the CLP + Y-27632 group. These results suggest an important role of Rho kinase in sepsis induced lung injury by a mechanism that might be related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress mediated caspase cleavage leading to apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Cinel
- Department of Anesthesiology & Reanimation Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Evidence for involvement of ROCK signaling in bradykinin-induced increase in murine blood–tumor barrier permeability. J Neurooncol 2011; 106:291-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
37
|
Yuan SY, Shen Q, Rigor RR, Wu MH. Neutrophil transmigration, focal adhesion kinase and endothelial barrier function. Microvasc Res 2011; 83:82-8. [PMID: 21864543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil activation is an essential component of innate immune defense against infection and injury. In response to inflammatory stimulation, circulating neutrophils undergo a series of dynamic and metabolic changes characterized by β2-intergrin mediated adhesion to microvascular endothelium and subsequent transendothelial migration. During this process, neutrophils release granular contents containing digestive enzymes and produce cytotoxic agents such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines. These products target endothelial barriers inducing phosphorylation-triggered junction dissociation, actin stress fiber formation, and actomyosin contraction, manifest as paracellular hyperpermeability. Endothelial cell-matrix focal adhesions play an integral role in this process by providing structural support for endothelial conformational changes that facilitate neutrophil transmigration, as well as by recruiting intracellular molecules that constitute the hyperpermeability signaling cascades. As a central connector of the complex signaling network, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated following neutrophil adhesion, and further mediates the reorganization of endothelial integrin-matrix attachments in a pattern coordinating with cytoskeleton contraction and junction opening. In this review, we present recent experimental evidence supporting the importance of FAK in neutrophil-dependent regulation of endothelial permeability. The discussion focuses on the mechanisms by which neutrophils activate FAK and its downstream effects on endothelial barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y Yuan
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Breslin JW. ROCK and cAMP promote lymphatic endothelial cell barrier integrity and modulate histamine and thrombin-induced barrier dysfunction. Lymphat Res Biol 2011; 9:3-11. [PMID: 21417762 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2010.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is recent evidence that inflammatory signals can modulate lymphatic vessel permeability, but current understanding of the mechanisms regulating lymphatic endothelial barrier function is limited. The objectives of this study were to 1) investigate whether inflammatory mediators that increase microvascular permeability also cause barrier dysfunction of lymphatic endothelial cell monolayers, and 2) determine the roles of signaling pathways that affect intercellular junctions and cell contraction in lymphatic endothelial barrier function. METHODS AND RESULTS Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) of confluent adult human microlymphatic endothelial cells of dermal origin (HMLEC-d) served as an indicator of lymphatic endothelial barrier function. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to model blood-tissue barrier function. The inflammatory mediators histamine and thrombin each caused a decrease in TER of HMLEC-d and HUVEC monolayers, with notable differences between the two cell types. Treatment with 8-Br-cAMP enhanced HMLEC-d barrier function, which limited histamine and thrombin-induced decreases in TER. Blockade of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) with ML-7 did not affect histamine or thrombin-induced decreases in TER. Treatment with the Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 caused a decrease in HMLEC-d barrier function. CONCLUSIONS These data show that inflammatory mediators can cause lymphatic endothelial barrier dysfunction, although the responses are not identical to those seen with blood endothelial cells. ROCK and cAMP both promote lymphatic endothelial barrier function, however ROCK appears to also serve as a mediator of histamine and thrombin-induced barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
p38 MAP kinase mediates burn serum-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction: involvement of F-actin rearrangement and L-caldesmon phosphorylation. Shock 2011; 34:222-8. [PMID: 20160665 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181d75a66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating factors released after a severe burn cause endothelial barrier dysfunction by triggering endothelial cell (EC) contraction through a p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent mechanism. Human umbilical vein ECs (ECV304 cell line) were cultured to create a monolayer of cells that were then cultured with 20% human normal or burn serum. Monolayer permeability was measured by the influx of labeled albumin across the cells. Endothelial cells contraction was determined by alterations of cell surface area and formation of intracellular gaps. P38 MAP kinase activation, F-actin arrangement, and L-caldesmon phosphorylation were assessed by Western blots or immunofluorescence staining. These studies showed that exposure to burn serum resulted in a significant increase in endothelial permeability in a time-dependent manner, which was paralleled by a rapid and persistent activation of p38 MAP kinases. Morphologically, increased intercellular gaps, reduced cell surface area, and a unique rearrangement of F-actin cytoskeleton were observed in burn serum-treated ECs. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase suppressed the rearrangement of F-actin cytoskeleton, reduced the occurrence of burn serum-induced formation of intercellular gaps, and ameliorated endothelial hyperpermeability. Further study showed that phosphorylation of L-caldesmon was enhanced in burn serum-treated cells via p38 MAP kinase; overexpression of L-caldesmon by adenovirus transfection, however, attenuated the increase in endothelial permeability by burn serum challenge. Collectively, these results have demonstrated for the first time that p38 MAP kinase is an important participant in mediating burn serum-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction through rearrangement of the F-actin cytoskeleton and phosphorylation of L-caldesmon. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase in vivo, thus, would be a promising therapeutic strategy in ameliorating burn shock development.
Collapse
|
40
|
Venkatesh D, Fredette N, Rostama B, Tang Y, Vary CPH, Liaw L, Urs S. RhoA-mediated signaling in Notch-induced senescence-like growth arrest and endothelial barrier dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:876-82. [PMID: 21273559 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.221945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Notch signaling has a critical role in vascular development and morphogenesis. Activation of Notch in endothelial cells led to a senescence-like phenotype with loss of barrier function. Our objective was to understand the molecular pathways mediating this phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Human primary endothelial cells increase expression of Notch receptors and ligands during propagation in vitro toward natural senescence. This senescence was induced at low passage with Notch activation. We characterized the pathways activated downstream of Notch signaling. Notch was activated by Delta-like 4 ligand or constitutively active Notch receptors and measured for cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting. Notch signaling triggered early senescence in low-passage cells, characterized by increased p53 and p21 expression. The senescence phenotype was associated with hyperpermeability of the monolayer, with disrupted vascular endothelial cadherin and β-catenin levels and localization. Consistent with changes in cell shape and contact, we demonstrated that Notch activation increases myosin light chain phosphorylation by activating Rho kinase. Inhibition of Rho abrogated Notch-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation and led to enhanced barrier function by reorganizing F-actin to β-catenin-containing cell-cell adherens junctions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that RhoA/Rho kinase regulation by Notch signaling in endothelial cells triggers a senescence phenotype associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Venkatesh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Shen Q, Lee ES, Pitts RL, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2-mediated endothelial barrier dysfunction and breast cancer cell transmigration through lung microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:939-51. [PMID: 20571065 PMCID: PMC5584073 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated in multiple stages of cancer metastasis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) plays an important role in regulating MMP-2 activity. By forming a ternary complex with pro-MMP-2 and its activator MMP-14 on the cell surface, TIMP-2 can either initiate or restrain the cleavage and subsequent activation of MMP-2. Our recent work has shown that breast cancer cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells activates endothelial MMP-2, promoting tumor cell transendothelial migration (TEM(E)). However, the mechanism of MMP-2 regulation during TEM(E) remains unclear. In the current study, we present evidence that MMP-14 is expressed in both invasive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436) and lung microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC-L), whereas TIMP-2 is exclusively expressed and released from the cancer cells. The tumor cell-derived TIMP-2 was further identified as a major determinant of endothelial MMP-2 activity during tumor cell transmigration in the presence of MMP-14. This response was associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction because coculture of MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-436 with HBMVEC-L caused a significant decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance concomitantly with endothelial cell-cell junction disruption and tumor cell transmigration. Knockdown of TIMP-2 or inhibition of TIMP-2/MMP-14 attenuated MMP-2-dependent transendothelial electrical resistance response and TEM(E). These findings suggest a novel interactive role of breast cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells in regulating the TIMP-2/MMP-14/MMP-2 pathway during tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shen Q, Rigor RR, Pivetti CD, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Myosin light chain kinase in microvascular endothelial barrier function. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 87:272-80. [PMID: 20479130 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular barrier dysfunction is implicated in the initiation and progression of inflammation, posttraumatic complications, sepsis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Under physiological conditions, a precise equilibrium between endothelial cell-cell adhesion and actin-myosin-based centripetal tension tightly controls the semi-permeability of microvascular barriers. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays an important role in maintaining the equilibrium by phosphorylating myosin light chain (MLC), thereby inducing actomyosin contractility and weakening endothelial cell-cell adhesion. MLCK is activated by numerous physiological factors and inflammatory or angiogenic mediators, causing vascular hyperpermeability. In this review, we discuss experimental evidence supporting the crucial role of MLCK in the hyperpermeability response to key cell signalling events during inflammation. At the cellular level, in vitro studies of cultured endothelial monolayers treated with MLCK inhibitors or transfected with specific inhibiting peptides have demonstrated that induction of endothelial MLCK activity is necessary for hyperpermeability. Ex vivo studies of live microvessels, enabled by development of the isolated, perfused venule method, support the importance of MLCK in endothelial permeability regulation in an environment that more closely resembles in vivo tissues. Finally, the role of MLCK in vascular hyperpermeability has been confirmed with in vivo studies of animal disease models and the use of transgenic MLCK210 knockout mice. These approaches provide a more complete view of the role of MLCK in vascular barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
RhoA-Mediated Potential Regulation of Blood–Tumor Barrier Permeability by Bradykinin. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 42:67-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
45
|
Aslam M, Härtel FV, Arshad M, Gündüz D, Abdallah Y, Sauer H, Piper HM, Noll T. cAMP/PKA antagonizes thrombin-induced inactivation of endothelial myosin light chain phosphatase: role of CPI-17. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 87:375-84. [PMID: 20202976 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Activation of cAMP signalling abrogates thrombin-induced hyperpermeability. One of the mechanisms underlying this protective effect is the inactivation of endothelial contractile machinery, one of the major determinants of endothelial barrier function, mainly via the activation of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). To date, the mechanisms of cAMP-mediated MLCP activation are only partially understood. Here the contribution of two cAMP effectors, PKA and Epac, in the regulation of endothelial contractile machinery and barrier function was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial contractile machinery and barrier function were analysed in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The cAMP analogues 8-CPT-cAMP and 6-Bnz-cAMP were used to activate Epac and PKA, respectively, and forskolin (FSK) was used to activate adenylyl cyclase. The cells were challenged by thrombin to inhibit MLCP via the RhoA/Rock pathway. Activation of either PKA or Epac partially blocked thrombin-induced hyperpermeability. Simultaneous activation of PKA and Epac had additive effects that were comparable to that of FSK. Activation of PKA but not Epac inhibited thrombin-induced phosphorylation of MLC and the MLCP regulatory subunit MYPT1, partly via inhibition of the RhoA/Rock pathway. FSK activated the MLCP catalytic subunit PP1 via dephosphorylation and dissociation of the PP1 inhibitory protein CPI-17. FSK blunted thrombin-induced CPI-17 phosphorylation, CPI-17/PP1 complex formation, and PP1 inactivation. Down-regulation of CPI-17 attenuated thrombin-induced hyperpermeability and abolished the antagonistic effect of the PKA activator, whereas the Epac activator retained its antagonistic effect. CONCLUSION cAMP/PKA regulates the endothelial barrier via inhibition of the contractile machinery, mainly by the activation of MLCP via inhibition of CPI-17 and RhoA/Rock. The permeability-lowering effect of the cAMP/Epac pathway is independent of CPI-17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Aulweg 129, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
DiStasi MR, Ley K. Opening the flood-gates: how neutrophil-endothelial interactions regulate permeability. Trends Immunol 2009; 30:547-56. [PMID: 19783480 PMCID: PMC2767453 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases have an inflammatory component, where neutrophil interactions with the vascular endothelium lead to barrier dysfunction and increased permeability. Neutrophils increase permeability through secreted products such as the chemokines CXCL1, 2, 3, and 8, through adhesion-dependent processes involving beta(2) integrins interacting with endothelial ICAM-1, and through combinations where beta(2) integrin engagement leads to degranulation and secretion of heparin-binding protein. Some neutrophil products, such as arachidonic acid or the leukotriene LTA4, are further processed by endothelial enzymes via transcellular metabolism before the resulting products thromboxane A2 or LTC4 can activate their cognate receptors. Neutrophils also generate reactive oxygen species that induce vascular leakage. This review focuses on the mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R DiStasi
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy & Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fordjour AK, Harrington EO. PKCdelta influences p190 phosphorylation and activity: events independent of PKCdelta-mediated regulation of endothelial cell stress fiber and focal adhesion formation and barrier function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1179-90. [PMID: 19632305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) inhibition results in increased endothelial cell (EC) permeability and decreased RhoA activity; which correlated with diminished stress fibers (SF) and focal adhesions (FA). We have also shown co-precipitation of p190RhoGAP (p190) with PKCdelta. Here, we investigated if PKCdelta regulates p190 and whether PKCdelta-mediated changes in SF and FA or permeability were dependent upon p190. METHODS Protein-protein interaction and activity analyses were performed using co-precipitation assays. Analysis of p190 phosphorylation was performed using in vitro kinase assays. SF and FA were analyzed by immunofluorescence analyses. EC monolayer permeability was measured using electrical cell impedance sensor (ECIS) technique. RESULTS Inhibition of PKCdelta increased p190 activity, while PKCdelta overexpression diminished p190 activity. PKCdelta bound to and phosphorylated both p190FF and p190GTPase domains. p190 protein overexpression diminished SF and FA formation and RhoA activity. Disruption of SF and FA or increased permeability induced upon PKCdelta inhibition, were not attenuated in EC in which the p190 isoforms were suppressed individually or concurrently. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that while PKCdelta can regulate p190 activity, possibly at the FF and/or GTPase domains, the effect of PKCdelta inhibition on SF and FA and barrier dysfunction occurs through a pathway independent of p190.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akua K Fordjour
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shen Q, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Endothelial contractile cytoskeleton and microvascular permeability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2009:43-50. [PMID: 20871798 DOI: 10.2147/chc.s5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular barrier dysfunction represents a significant problem in clinical conditions associated with trauma, burn, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and diabetic retinopathy. An important cellular mechanism underlying microvascular leakage is the generation of contractile force from the endothelial cytoskeleton, which counteracts cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions leading to paracellular hyperpermeability. In this review, we present recent experimental evidence supporting the critical role of MLCK-activated, RhoA/ROCK-regulated contractile cytoskeleton in endothelial permeability response to inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli arising from thermal injury, activated neutrophils, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibrinogen degradation products. Further understanding the molecular basis of microvascular barrier structure and function would contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets for treating circulatory disorders and vascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Division of Research, Department, of Surgery, University of California, at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Molecular mechanisms of endothelial hyperpermeability: implications in inflammation. Expert Rev Mol Med 2009; 11:e19. [PMID: 19563700 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399409001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability is a significant problem in vascular inflammation associated with trauma, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes, thrombosis and cancer. An important mechanism underlying this process is increased paracellular leakage of plasma fluid and protein. Inflammatory stimuli such as histamine, thrombin, vascular endothelial growth factor and activated neutrophils can cause dissociation of cell-cell junctions between endothelial cells as well as cytoskeleton contraction, leading to a widened intercellular space that facilitates transendothelial flux. Such structural changes initiate with agonist-receptor binding, followed by activation of intracellular signalling molecules including calcium, protein kinase C, tyrosine kinases, myosin light chain kinase, and small Rho-GTPases; these kinases and GTPases then phosphorylate or alter the conformation of different subcellular components that control cell-cell adhesion, resulting in paracellular hypermeability. Targeting key signalling molecules that mediate endothelial-junction-cytoskeleton dissociation demonstrates a therapeutic potential to improve vascular barrier function during inflammatory injury.
Collapse
|
50
|
Guo M, Daines D, Tang J, Shen Q, Perrin RM, Takada Y, Yuan SY, Wu MH. Fibrinogen-gamma C-terminal fragments induce endothelial barrier dysfunction and microvascular leak via integrin-mediated and RhoA-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:394-400. [PMID: 19122172 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.180950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to characterize the direct effect of the C-terminal fragment of fibrinogen gamma chain (gammaC) on microvascular endothelial permeability and to examine its molecular mechanism of action. METHODS AND RESULTS Intravital microscopy was performed to measure albumin extravasation in intact mesenteric microvasculature, followed by quantification of hydraulic conductivity in single perfused microvessels. Transendothelial electric resistance was measured in microvascular endothelial cells in combination with immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. The results show that gammaC induced time- and concentration-dependent increases in protein transvascular flux and water permeability and decreases in endothelial barrier function, coupled with Rho GTPase activation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and stress fiber formation. Depletion of RhoA via siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of RhoA signaling attenuated gammaC-induced barrier dysfunction. Imaging analyses demonstrated binding of gammaC to endothelial cells; the interaction was inhibited during blockage of the alphavbeta3 integrin. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that the microvascular leak response to gammaC was attenuated in integrin beta3(-/-) animals. CONCLUSION Fibrinogen-gamma C terminus directly interacts with the microvascular endothelium causing fluid and protein leak. The endothelial response to gammaC involves an integrin receptor-mediated RhoA-dependent signaling pathway that leads to paracellular hyperpermeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Guo
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|