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NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis on the Protective Effects of Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide against Contrast Media-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175123. [PMID: 34500559 PMCID: PMC8433922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays key roles in the pathological process of contrast media (CM)-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients undergoing vascular angiography or intervention treatment. Previously, we have demonstrated that an apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide, D-4F, inhibits oxidative stress and improves endothelial dysfunction caused by CM through the AMPK/PKC pathway. However, it is unclear whether CM induce metabolic impairments in endothelial cells and whether D-4F ameliorates these metabolic impairments. In this work, we evaluated vitalities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with iodixanol and D-4F and performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis to assess iodixanol-induced metabolic impairments in HUVECs, and to address the metabolic mechanisms underlying the protective effects of D-4F for ameliorating these metabolic impairments. Our results showed that iodixanol treatment distinctly impaired the vitality of HUVECs, and greatly disordered the metabolic pathways related to energy production and oxidative stress. Iodixanol activated glucose metabolism and the TCA cycle but inhibited choline metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Significantly, D-4F pretreatment could improve the iodixanol-impaired vitality of HUVECs and ameliorate the iodixanol-induced impairments in several metabolic pathways including glycolysis, TCA cycle and choline metabolism in HUVECs. Moreover, D-4F upregulated the glutathione level and hence enhanced antioxidative capacity and increased the levels of tyrosine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in HUVECs. These results provided the mechanistic understanding of CM-induced endothelial impairments and the protective effects of D-4F for improving endothelial cell dysfunction. This work is beneficial to further exploring D-4F as a potential pharmacological agent for preventing CM-induced endothelial impairment and acute kidney injury.
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Wolkowicz P, White CR, Anantharamaiah GM. Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptides: An Emerging Therapy against Diabetic Inflammation and Dyslipidemia. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050627. [PMID: 33922449 PMCID: PMC8146922 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has achieved epidemic status in the United States, resulting in an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetic complications. HDL cholesterol levels are inversely associated with coronary heart disease in humans. The beneficial effect of HDL is due, in part, to apolipoproteins A-I and E, which possess anti-inflammatory properties. The functional quality of HDL, however, may be reduced in the context of diabetes. Thus, raising levels of functional HDL is an important target for reducing inflammation and diabetic complications. Apo A-I possesses eight alpha-helical sequences, most of which form class A amphipathic helical structures. Peptides belonging to this class inhibit atherogenesis in several mouse models. Additional peptides based on structural components of apoE have been shown to mediate a rapid clearance of atherogenic lipoproteins in dyslipidemic mice. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides in improving lipoprotein function, reducing inflammation, and reversing insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease processes in diabetic animals.
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Guo Y, Li W, Qian M, Jiang T, Guo P, Du Q, Lin N, Xie X, Wu Z, Lin D, Liu D. D-4F Ameliorates Contrast Media-Induced Oxidative Injuries in Endothelial Cells via the AMPK/PKC Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:556074. [PMID: 33658920 PMCID: PMC7917283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiological processes of contrast media (CM)–induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after vascular angiography or intervention. Previous study found that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide, D-4F, alleviates endothelial impairments via upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and scavenging excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether D-4F could ameliorate oxidative injuries in endothelial cells through suppressing ROS production remains unclear. In this study, a representative nonionic iodinated CM, iodixanol, was chosen for the in vitro and in vivo studies. Endothelial cell viability was assayed using micrographs, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry analysis and caspase-3 activation. Endothelial inflammation was tested using monocyte adhesion assay and adhesion molecule expression. ROS production was detected by measuring the formation of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) through the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay. Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) formation was tested using the 3-nitrotyrosine ELISA kit. Iodixanol impaired cell viability, promoted vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, and induced cell apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, D-4F mitigated these injuries. Furthermore, iodixanol induced the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) beta II, p47, Rac1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Thr495, which elicited ROS release and ONOO⁻ generation. D-4F inhibited NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, ROS production, and ONOO⁻ formation via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/PKC pathway. Additionally, after an intravascular injection of iodixanol in Sprague Dawley rats, iodixanol induced a remarkable inflammatory response in arterial endothelial cells, although significant apoptosis and morphological changes were not observed. D-4F alleviated the vessel inflammation resulting from iodixanol in vivo. Collectively, besides scavenging ROS, D-4F could also suppress ROS production and ONOO⁻ formation through the AMPK/PKC pathway, which ameliorated oxidative injuries in endothelial cells. Hence, D-4F might serve as a potential agent in preventing CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingming Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, High-field NMR Research Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianwei Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, High-field NMR Research Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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4
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Xu W, Qian M, Huang C, Cui P, Li W, Du Q, Yi S, Shi X, Guo Y, Zheng J, Liu D, Lin D. Comparison of Mechanisms of Endothelial Cell Protections Between High-Density Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:817. [PMID: 31379582 PMCID: PMC6659106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide, D-4F, exhibits anti-atherogenic effects similar to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, it remains elusive whether D-4F and HDL share similar molecular mechanisms underlying anti-atherogenic effects and endothelial cell protections. We here compared the metabolic changes in endothelial cells induced by D-4F and HDL against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which may be of benefit to understanding the protective mechanisms of HDL and D-4F. Functional assays, including wound healing, transwell migration, and tube formation, were used to evaluate the pro-angiogenic effects of HDL and D-4F. NMR-based metabolomic analysis was employed to explore the protective mechanisms underlying HDL and D-4F. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to assess metabolic profiles, and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) was carried out to identify characteristic metabolites. Moreover, significantly altered metabolic pathways were also analyzed. We found that ox-LDL impaired the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells. Metabolomic analysis showed that ox-LDL triggered oxidative stress, impaired glycolysis, and enhanced glycerophospholipid metabolism. Both HDL and D-4F improved the migration and angiogenesis of endothelial cells, alleviated oxidative stress, and ameliorated disordered glycolysis impaired by ox-LDL. Strikingly, HDL partially attenuated the disturbed glycerophospholipid metabolism, whereas D-4F did not show this effect. In summary, although D-4F shared the similar protective effects with HDL on the migration and angiogenesis of endothelial cells, it could not deduce the molecular mechanisms of HDL completely. Nevertheless, D-4F possesses the potentiality to be exploited as clinically applicable agent for endothelial cell protection and cardiovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingming Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shenghui Yi
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianlan Zheng
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, The People's Liberation Army 174th Hospital and The Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Tian H, Yao ST, Yang NN, Ren J, Jiao P, Zhang X, Li DX, Zhang GA, Xia ZF, Qin SC. D4F alleviates macrophage-derived foam cell apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB-dependent Fas/FasL pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7333. [PMID: 28779128 PMCID: PMC5544683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the protective effect of D4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway-mediated apoptosis in macrophages induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Our results showed that ox-LDL induced apoptosis, NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation and the upregulation of Fas/FasL pathway-related proteins, including Fas, FasL, Fas-associated death domain proteins (FADD), caspase-8 and caspase-3 in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas silencing of Fas blocked ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing of P65 attenuated macrophage apoptosis and the upregulation of Fas caused by ox-LDL, whereas P65 expression was not significantly affected by treatment with Fas siRNA. D4F attenuated the reduction of cell viability and the increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage and apoptosis. Additionally, D4F inhibited ox-LDL-induced P65 nuclear translocation and upregulation of Fas/FasL pathway-related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and in atherosclerotic lesions of apoE-/- mice. However, Jo2, a Fas-activating monoclonal antibody, reversed the inhibitory effect of D4F on ox-LDL-induced cell apoptosis and upregulation of Fas, FasL and FADD. These data indicate that NF-κB mediates Fas/FasL pathway activation and apoptosis in macrophages induced by ox-LDL and that D4F protects macrophages from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and the Fas/FasL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shu-Tong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China. .,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Dong-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Gong-An Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shu-Cun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China.
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Liu D, Wu M, Du Q, Ding Z, Qian M, Tong Z, Xu W, Zhang L, Chang H, Wang Y, Huang C, Lin D. The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, D-4F, restrains neointimal formation through heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3810-3820. [PMID: 28767201 PMCID: PMC5706511 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
D‐4F, an apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) mimetic peptide, possesses distinctly anti‐atherogenic effects. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of D‐4F on the hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remain unclear. This study aimed to determine its roles in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In vitro, D‐4F inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration induced by ox‐LDL in a dose‐dependent manner. D‐4F up‐regulated heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression in VSMCs, and the PI3K/Akt/AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was involved in these processes. HO‐1 down‐regulation with siRNA or inhibition with zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp) impaired the protective effects of D‐4F on the oxidative stress and the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, down‐regulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) abolished the activation of Akt and AMPK, the up‐regulation of HO‐1 and the anti‐oxidative effects of D‐4F. In vivo, D‐4F restrained neointimal formation and oxidative stress of carotid arteries in balloon‐injured Sprague Dawley rats. And inhibition of HO‐1 with Znpp decreased the inhibitory effects of D‐4F on neointimal formation and ROS production in arteries. In conclusion, D‐4F inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo through HO‐1 up‐regulation, which provided a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy for anti‐restenosis of arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengzhang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingming Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zijia Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- High-field NMR Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - He Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- High-field NMR Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Non-linear actions of physiological agents: Finite disarrangements elicit fitness benefits. Redox Biol 2017; 13:235-243. [PMID: 28595161 PMCID: PMC5460745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite disarrangements of important (vital) physiological agents and nutrients can induce plethora of beneficial effects, exceeding mere attenuation of the specific stress. Such response to disrupted homeostasis appears to be universally conserved among species. The underlying mechanism of improved fitness and longevity, when physiological agents act outside their normal range is similar to hormesis, a phenomenon whereby toxins elicit beneficial effects at low doses. Due to similarity with such non-linear response to toxins described with J-shaped curve, we have coined a new term “mirror J-shaped curves” for non-linear response to finite disarrangement of physiological agents. Examples from the clinical trials and basic research are provided, along with the unifying mechanisms that tie classical non-linear response to toxins with the non-linear response to physiological agents (glucose, oxygen, osmolarity, thermal energy, calcium, body mass, calorie intake and exercise). Reactive oxygen species and cytosolic calcium seem to be common triggers of signaling pathways that result in these beneficial effects. Awareness of such phenomena and exploring underlying mechanisms can help physicians in their everyday practice. It can also benefit researchers when designing studies and interpreting growing number of scientific data showing non-linear responses to physiological agents.
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Liu D, Ding Z, Wu M, Xu W, Qian M, Du Q, Zhang L, Cui Y, Zheng J, Chang H, Huang C, Lin D, Wang Y. The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, D-4F, alleviates ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and promotes endothelial repair through the eNOS/HO-1 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:77-88. [PMID: 28274624 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide exerts many anti-atherogenic properties. However, the underlying mechanisms related to the endothelial protective effects remain elusive. In this study, the apoA-I mimetic peptide, D-4F, was used. Proliferation assay, wound healing, and transwell migration experiments showed that D-4F improved the impaired endothelial proliferation and migration resulting from ox-LDL. Endothelial adhesion molecules expression and monocyte adhesion assay demonstrated that D-4F inhibited endothelial inflammation. Caspase-3 activation and TUNEL stain indicated that D-4F reduced endothelial cell apoptosis. A pivotal anti-oxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated by D-4F. The Akt/AMPK/eNOS pathways were involved in the expression of HO-1 induced by D-4F. Moreover, the anti-oxidation, pro-proliferation, and pro-migration capacities of D-4F were diminished by the inhibitors of both eNOS (L-NAME) and HO-1 (Znpp). Additionally, downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) by siRNA abolished the activation of Akt, AMPK and eNOS, and reduced the upregulation of HO-1 triggered by D-4F. Furthermore, D-4F promoted the reendothelialization of injured intima in carotid artery injury model of C57BL/6J mice in vivo. In summary, these findings suggested that D-4F might be a powerful candidate in the protection of endothelial cells and the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mengzhang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- High-field NMR Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis& Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingming Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, the People's Liberation Army 174th Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jianlan Zheng
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, the People's Liberation Army 174th Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - He Chang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- High-field NMR Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis& Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
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9
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See Hoe LE, May LT, Headrick JP, Peart JN. Sarcolemmal dependence of cardiac protection and stress-resistance: roles in aged or diseased hearts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2966-91. [PMID: 27439627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane is a defining feature of oncotic death in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), and its molecular makeup not only fundamentally governs this process but also affects multiple determinants of both myocardial I-R injury and responsiveness to cardioprotective stimuli. Beyond the influences of membrane lipids on the cytoprotective (and death) receptors intimately embedded within this bilayer, myocardial ionic homeostasis, substrate metabolism, intercellular communication and electrical conduction are all sensitive to sarcolemmal makeup, and critical to outcomes from I-R. As will be outlined in this review, these crucial sarcolemmal dependencies may underlie not only the negative effects of age and common co-morbidities on myocardial ischaemic tolerance but also the on-going challenge of implementing efficacious cardioprotection in patients suffering accidental or surgically induced I-R. We review evidence for the involvement of sarcolemmal makeup changes in the impairment of stress-resistance and cardioprotection observed with ageing and highly prevalent co-morbid conditions including diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. A greater understanding of membrane changes with age/disease, and the inter-dependences of ischaemic tolerance and cardioprotection on sarcolemmal makeup, can facilitate the development of strategies to preserve membrane integrity and cell viability, and advance the challenging goal of implementing efficacious 'cardioprotection' in clinically relevant patient cohorts. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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10
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Associations between disease activity, markers of HDL functionality and arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:438-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Sedlic F, Muravyeva MY, Sepac A, Sedlic M, Williams AM, Yang M, Bai X, Bosnjak ZJ. Targeted Modification of Mitochondrial ROS Production Converts High Glucose-Induced Cytotoxicity to Cytoprotection: Effects on Anesthetic Preconditioning. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:216-24. [PMID: 27138089 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Contradictory reports on the effects of diabetes and hyperglycemia on myocardial infarction range from cytotoxicity to cytoprotection. The study was designed to investigate acute effects of high glucose-driven changes in mitochondrial metabolism and osmolarity on adaptive mechanisms and resistance to oxidative stress of isolated rat cardiomyocytes. We examined the effects of high glucose on several parameters of mitochondrial bioenergetics, including changes in oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and NAD(P)H fluorometry. Effects of high glucose on the endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms elicited by anesthetic preconditioning (APC) and the mediators of cell injury were also tested. These experiments included real-time measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in single cells by laser scanning fluorescence confocal microscopy, and cell survival assay. High glucose rapidly enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism, observed by increase in NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity, oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial membrane potential. This substantially elevated production of ROS, accelerated opening of the mPTP, and decreased survival of cells exposed to oxidative stress. Abrogation of high glucose-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization with 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) significantly, but not completely, attenuated ROS production to a level similar to hyperosmotic mannitol control. DNP treatment reversed high glucose-induced cytotoxicity to cytoprotection. Hyperosmotic mannitol treatment also induced cytoprotection. High glucose abrogated APC-induced mitochondrial depolarization, delay in mPTP opening and cytoprotection. In conclusion, high glucose-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization abolishes APC and augments cell injury. Attenuation of high glucose-induced ROS production by eliminating mitochondrial hyperpolarization protects cardiomyocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 216-224, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sedlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatia.
| | - Maria Y Muravyeva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ana Sepac
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatia
| | - Marija Sedlic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anna Marie Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Meiying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A low level of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a strong and independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, several large studies recently revealed that pharmacologic interventions that increase HDL-C concentration have not improved cardiovascular outcomes when added to standard therapy. In addition, specific genetic variants that raise HDL-C levels are not clearly associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease. These observations have challenged the 'HDL hypothesis' that HDL-C is causally related to ASCVD and that intervention to raise HDL-C will reduce ASCVD events. This article will present the current data on the HDL hypothesis and provide a revised paradigm of considering HDL in the atherosclerotic pathway. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence has shed light on the complex nature of HDL-C metabolism and function. There are compelling data that the ability of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages, the first step in the 'reverse cholesterol transport' (RCT) pathway, is inversely associated with risk for ASCVD even after controlling for HDL-C. This has led to the 'HDL flux hypothesis' that therapeutic intervention that targets macrophage cholesterol efflux and RCT may reduce risk. Preclinical studies of such interventions show promise and early phase clinical studies, though small, are encouraging. SUMMARY The role of HDL-C in modulating atherosclerotic disease is as yet uncertain. However, new findings and therapies targeting HDL-C show early promise and may provide an important intervention in attenuating the burden of ASCVD in the future.
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13
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White CR, Giordano S, Anantharamaiah GM. High-density lipoprotein, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell survival mechanisms. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 199:161-169. [PMID: 27150975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic injury is associated with acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and open heart surgery. The timely re-establishment of blood flow is critical in order to minimize cardiac complications. Reperfusion after a prolonged ischemic period, however, can induce severe cardiomyocyte dysfunction with mitochondria serving as a major target of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. An increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces damage to mitochondrial respiratory complexes leading to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial membrane perturbations also contribute to calcium overload, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and the release of apoptotic mediators into the cytoplasm. Clinical and experimental studies show that ischemic preconditioning (ICPRE) and postconditioning (ICPOST) attenuate mitochondrial injury and improve cardiac function in the context of I/R injury. This is achieved by the activation of two principal cell survival cascades: 1) the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway; and 2) the Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement (SAFE) pathway. Recent data suggest that high density lipoprotein (HDL) mimics the effects of conditioning protocols and attenuates myocardial I/R injury via activation of the RISK and SAFE signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the roles of apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of HDL, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lysosphingolipid associated with small, dense HDL particles as mediators of cardiomyocyte survival. Both apoA-I and S1P exert an infarct-sparing effect by preventing ROS-dependent injury and inhibiting the opening of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Samantha Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- The Division of Gerontology, Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Cardioprotection from emulsified isoflurane postconditioning is lost in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes due to the impairment of Brg1/Nrf2/STAT3 signalling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:801-12. [PMID: 26846682 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
IsoPostC confers cardioprotection against myocardial IRI in non-diabetic rats but loses its effectiveness in diabetes, which may be mainly due to the impairment/reduction of Brg1/Nrf2/STAT3.
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15
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Cui X, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Cui C, Yan T, Ning R, Chen J. D-4F Decreases White Matter Damage After Stroke in Mice. Stroke 2015; 47:214-20. [PMID: 26604250 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke-induced neuroinflammation and white matter damage are associated with neurological deficits. Whether D-4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, treatment of stroke decreases neuroinflammation and white matter damage and improves functional outcome has not been investigated. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and were orally administered saline as a vehicle control and different doses of D-4F (2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg) starting at 2 h after MCAo and daily until euthanized at 7 days after MCAo. D-4F treatment did not alter the blood levels of high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood-brain barrier leakage, and infarction volume compared with control group. RESULTS D-4F (16 mg/kg) treatment of stroke significantly improved functional outcome, increased the white matter density and the number of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the ischemic boundary zone of the ipsilateral striatum, and increased myelin basic protein, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), but decreased inflammatory factor Toll-like receptor-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the ischemic brain 7 days after MCAo (P<0.05, n=11/group). The neurite/axonal outgrowth in primary cultured neurons was significantly increased when treated with D-4F (100 ng/mL) and IGF1 (100 ng/mL) compared with the nontreatment control. Inhibition of IGF1 significantly attenuated D-4F or IGF1 treatment-induced axonal outgrowth. D-4F-treatment did not increase oligodendrocyte-progenitor cell proliferation but decreased oligodendrocyte-progenitor cell death. CONCLUSIONS D-4F treatment initiated 2 h after MCAo decreases neuroinflammation and white matter damage and improves functional outcome after stroke. D-4F-induced increase in IGF1 may contribute to D-4F-induced neurite/axonal outgrowth after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cui
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., C.C., T.Y., R.N., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., C.C., T.Y., R.N., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Alex Zacharek
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., C.C., T.Y., R.N., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Chengcheng Cui
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., C.C., T.Y., R.N., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Tao Yan
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., C.C., T.Y., R.N., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Ruizhuo Ning
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., C.C., T.Y., R.N., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Jieli Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., C.C., T.Y., R.N., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
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Isoflurane favorably modulates guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Anesthesiology 2015; 123:582-9. [PMID: 26192027 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors investigated the hypothesis that isoflurane modulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and protection against myocardial infarction through time-dependent changes in expression of key NO regulatory proteins, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH)-1, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). METHODS Myocardial infarct size, NO production (ozone-mediated chemiluminescence), GTPCH-1, and eNOS expression (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting) were measured in male Wistar rats with or without anesthetic preconditioning (APC; 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane for 30 min) and in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of GTPCH-1, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine. RESULTS NO2 production (158 ± 16 and 150 ± 13 pmol/mg protein at baseline in control and APC groups, respectively) was significantly (P < 0.05) increased 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.1 fold by APC (n = 4) at 60 and 90 min of reperfusion, respectively, concomitantly, with increased expression of GTPCH-1 (1.3 ± 0.3 fold; n = 5) and eNOS (1.3 ± 0.2 fold; n = 5). In contrast, total NO (NO2 and NO3) was decreased after reperfusion in control experiments. Myocardial infarct size was decreased (43 ± 2% of the area at risk for infarction; n = 6) by APC compared with control experiments (57 ± 1%; n = 6). 2, 4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine decreased total NO production at baseline (221 ± 25 and 175 ± 31 pmol/mg protein at baseline in control and APC groups, respectively), abolished isoflurane-induced increases in NO at reperfusion, and prevented reductions of myocardial infarct size by APC (60 ± 2%; n = 6). CONCLUSION APC favorably modulated a NO biosynthetic pathway by up-regulating GTPCH-1 and eNOS, and this action contributed to protection of myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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17
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Lotz C, Kehl F. Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Cardiac Protection: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Aspects, and Interactions With Nonvolatile Agents. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:749-60. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent publications in the field of apolipoprotein mimetics. RECENT FINDINGS Apolipoprotein mimetic peptides continue to show efficacy in a number of animal models of disease and demonstrate properties that make them attractive as potential therapeutic agents. A number of new apolipoprotein mimetics have been described recently. A major site of action of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides was found to be in the small intestine in which they decrease the levels of proinflammatory bioactive lipids. A major problem related to the use of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides is their cost, particularly those that need to be generated by solid phase synthesis with chemical addition of end-blocking groups. Novel approaches to apolipoprotein mimetic therapy have emerged recently that show promise in overcoming these barriers. SUMMARY Despite the recent failure of therapies designed to raise HDL-cholesterol in humans, an approach to therapy using mimetics of HDL and its components continues to show promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles CA 90095
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles CA 90095
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles CA 90095
| | | | - Alan M. Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles CA 90095
- Corresponding Author: Department of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Box 951736, Los Angele, CA 90095-1736, Telephone: 310-825-6058, Fax: 310-206-3489,
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Li X, Xing W, Wang Y, Mi C, Zhang Z, Ma H, Zhang H, Gao F. Upregulation of caveolin-1 contributes to aggravated high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in type 1 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2014; 113:31-9. [PMID: 25086377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction and hypertension is more common in individuals with diabetes than in the general population. This study was aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction of type 1 diabetic rats fed with high-salt diet. MAIN METHODS Type 1 diabetes (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg·kg(-1)). Normal or diabetic rats were randomly fed high-salt food (HS, 8% NaCl) or standard food (CON) for 6 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Both HS (143±10 mmHg) and DM+HS (169±11 mmHg) groups displayed significantly higher systolic blood pressure than those in the CON group (112±12 mmHg, P<0.01). DM+HS rats exhibited more pronounced impairment of vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and insulin compared with either DM or HS. Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation levels and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in DM+HS were significantly lower than in DM. The levels of caveolin-1 (cav-1) in DM+HS were significantly higher than that in DM and HS. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed increased interaction between cav-1 and eNOS in the DM+HS group. In the presence of cav-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), eNOS phosphorylations in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were significantly increased compared with control siRNA. Cav-1 was slightly but not significantly lower in HUVEC cultured with high glucose and high-salt buffer solution and pretreated with wortmannin or l-nitro-arginine methyl ester. SIGNIFICANCE Impaired endothelial Akt activation and increased cav-1 expression and resultant decreased eNOS activation contributes to aggravated high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Physiology, Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chunjuan Mi
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhengrui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the current and future therapeutic option of HDL-based therapies. RECENT FINDINGS The inverse association between plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is strong and coherent across the population studied. In-vitro and in-vivo studies show the strong biological plausibility for HDL as a therapeutic target. Mendelian randomization does not support HDL-C as a causal (protective) cardiovascular risk factor, and clinical data does not support the concept that raising HDL-cholesterol mass alters the outcomes. Better biomarkers of HDL function are being examined in the clinical trials. These include cellular cholesterol efflux, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, effects on vascular endothelial cells (inflammation and nitric oxide release) and endothelial progenitor cells. Novel therapeutic agents that alter HDL function are in advanced phase 3 trials and in early preclinical trials. These include inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, reconstituted proteoliposomes, apolipoprotein A-I and HDL mimetic peptides and small molecules that increase apo A-I production rate. SUMMARY Targeting HDL-C has, to date, not led to changes in the cardiovascular outcomes. Novel therapeutic advances target the HDL function. In keeping with the recent 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults, the major focus of prevention lies with LDL-cholesterol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- McGill University Health Center/Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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