1
|
Seo YS, Park JM, Kim JH, Lee MY. Cigarette Smoke-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Formation: A Concise Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1732. [PMID: 37760035 PMCID: PMC10525535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is recognized as a significant risk factor for numerous disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory conditions, and various forms of cancer. While the exact pathogenic mechanisms continue to be explored, the induction of oxidative stress via the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely accepted as a primary molecular event that predisposes individuals to these smoking-related ailments. This review focused on how cigarette smoke (CS) promotes ROS formation rather than the pathophysiological repercussions of ROS and oxidative stress. A comprehensive analysis of existing studies revealed the following key ways through which CS imposes ROS burden on biological systems: (1) ROS, as well as radicals, are intrinsically present in CS, (2) CS constituents generate ROS through chemical reactions with biomolecules, (3) CS stimulates cellular ROS sources to enhance production, and (4) CS disrupts the antioxidant system, aggravating the ROS generation and its functions. While the evidence supporting these mechanisms is chiefly based on in vitro and animal studies, the direct clinical relevance remains to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, this understanding is fundamental for deciphering molecular events leading to oxidative stress and for developing intervention strategies to counter CS-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (J.-M.P.); (J.-H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vallée A. Association between tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption with arterial stiffness. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:757-767. [PMID: 37408141 PMCID: PMC10423766 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Few investigations have been performed between tobacco smoking, alcohol, and arterial stiffness. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between smoking use and alcohol with arterial stiffness index (ASI) in a middle-age population. Smoking pack-years and cigarettes per day were defined as alcohol consumption in units/day. Sex associations between smoking and alcohol with ASI were estimated using multiple linear regressions. Interactions and synergistic effects were investigating. 98 039 individuals of the UK Biobank cohort were included (45 457 men and 52 582 women). ASI levels were higher in men than in women (9.91 vs. 8.71 m/s, p < .001), and showed higher relationship to smoking tobacco in multiple linear regression models in women than in men (FDR logworth 78.4 vs. 52.7). The findings revealed that ASI was higher among current smokers than never smokers in both sex and after adjustment for all covariates (in men 10.4 vs. 9.6 and in women 9.5 vs. 8.5 m/s, p < .001). Alcohol consumption per day was positively associated with higher levels of ASI in both sex, but with a less relationship (FDR logworth for men = 2.8, for women = 2.5). An interaction was observed between smoking information and alcohol in men but not in women. Synergistic effects were observed by adding smoking information on alcohol consumption models in men and women (p = .029, p < .001, respectively). Smoking and alcohol were associated with higher ASI in both sex but with a higher relationship among women. The findings suggest the importance of considering smoking and alcohol consumption cessation in cardiovascular diseases prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology‐Data‐BiostatisticsDelegation of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI)Foch HospitalSuresnesFrance
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dikalov SI, Gutor S, Dikalova AE. Pathological mechanisms of cigarette smoking, dietary, and sedentary lifestyle risks in vascular dysfunction: mitochondria as a common target of risk factors. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:857-866. [PMID: 36995495 PMCID: PMC10911751 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In the past century, the lifespan of the human population has dramatically increased to the 80 s, but it is hindered by a limited health span to the 60 s due to an epidemic increase in the cardiovascular disease which is a main cause of morbidity and mortality. We cannot underestimate the progress in understanding the major cardiovascular risk factors which include cigarette smoking, dietary, and sedentary lifestyle risks. Despite their clinical significance, these modifiable risk factors are still the major contributors to cardiovascular disease. It is, therefore, important to understand the specific molecular mechanisms behind their pathological effects to develop new therapies to improve the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, our group and others have made a progress in understanding how these risk factors can promote endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle dysregulation, vascular inflammation, hypertension, lung, and heart diseases. These factors, despite differences in their nature, lead to stereotypical alterations in vascular metabolism and function. Interestingly, cigarette smoking has a tremendous impact on a very distant site from the initial epithelial exposure, namely circulation and vascular cells mediated by a variety of stable cigarette smoke components which promote vascular oxidative stress and alter vascular metabolism and function. Similarly, dietary and sedentary lifestyle risks facilitate vascular cell metabolic reprogramming promoting vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction. Mitochondria are critical in cellular metabolism, and in this work, we discuss a new concept that mitochondria are a common pathobiological target for these risk factors, and mitochondria-targeted treatments may have a therapeutic effect in the patients with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, PRB 554, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Sergey Gutor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, PRB 554, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anna E Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, PRB 554, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hahad O, Schmitt VH, Arnold N, Keller K, Prochaska JH, Wild PS, Schulz A, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Schmidtmann I, Michal M, Schattenberg JM, Tüscher O, Daiber A, Münzel T. Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with increased arterial stiffness in men and women: evidence from a large population-based cohort. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:270-284. [PMID: 36068365 PMCID: PMC9898409 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-022-02092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a threat to global human health and a leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Importantly, sex-specific differences in smoking-induced arterial stiffness, an early key event in the development of atherosclerotic CVD, remain still elusive. Thus, this study sought out to investigate sex-specific associations between smoking and measures of arterial stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS Overall, 15,010 participants (7584 men and 7426 women aged 35-74 years) of the Gutenberg Health Study were examined at baseline during 2007-2012. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were assessed by a standardized computer-assisted interview. Arterial stiffness and wave reflection were determined by stiffness index (SI) and augmentation index (AI). In the total sample, 45.8% had never smoked, 34.7% were former smokers, and 19.4% were current smokers. Median cumulative smoking exposure was 22.0 pack-years in current male smokers and 16.0 in current female smokers. In general, multivariable linear regression models adjusted for a comprehensive set of confounders revealed that smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were dose-dependently associated with markers of arterial stiffness. In sex-specific analyses, these associations were overall more pronounced in men and SI was stronger related to the male sex, whereas differences between men and women in the case of AI appeared to be less substantial. DISCUSSION The present results indicate that chronic smoking is strongly and dose-dependently associated with increased arterial stiffness in a large population-based cohort regardless of sex but with a stronger association in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Volker H. Schmitt
- Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalie Arnold
- Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany ,Department of Cardiology, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Keller
- Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen H. Prochaska
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany ,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany ,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany ,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M. Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kopp W. Pathogenesis of (smoking-related) non-communicable diseases-Evidence for a common underlying pathophysiological pattern. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1037750. [PMID: 36589440 PMCID: PMC9798240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1037750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and other more are a leading cause of death in almost all countries. Lifestyle factors, especially poor diet and tobacco consumption, are considered to be the most important influencing factors in the development of these diseases. The Western diet has been shown to cause a significant distortion of normal physiology, characterized by dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and immune system, as well as disruption of physiological insulin and oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, all of which play critical roles in the development of these diseases. This paper addresses the question of whether the development of smoking-related non-communicable diseases follows the same pathophysiological pattern. The evidence presented shows that exposure to cigarette smoke and/or nicotine causes the same complex dysregulation of physiology as described above, it further shows that the factors involved are strongly interrelated, and that all of these factors play a key role in the development of a broad spectrum of smoking-related diseases. Since not all smokers develop one or more of these diseases, it is proposed that this disruption of normal physiological balance represents a kind of pathogenetic "basic toolkit" for the potential development of a range of non-communicable diseases, and that the decision of whether and what disease will develop in an individual is determined by other, individual factors ("determinants"), such as the genome, epigenome, exposome, microbiome, and others. The common pathophysiological pattern underlying these diseases may provide an explanation for the often poorly understood links between non-communicable diseases and disease comorbidities. The proposed pathophysiological process offers new insights into the development of non-communicable diseases and may influence the direction of future research in both prevention and therapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gündoğdu Y, Anaforoğlu İ. Effects of Smoking on Diabetic Nephropathy. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:826383. [PMID: 36992741 PMCID: PMC10012135 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.826383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a systemic metabolic disease with serious complications that cause significant stress on the healthcare system. Diabetic kidney disease is the primary cause of end stage renal disease globally and its progression is accelerated by various factors. Another major healthcare hazard is tobacco consumption and smoking has deleterious effects on renal physiology. Prominent factors are defined as sympathetic activity, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia. This review aims to enlighten the mechanism underlying the cumulative negative effect of simultaneous exposure to hyperglycemia and nicotine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Gündoğdu
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İnan Anaforoğlu
- School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: İnan Anaforoğlu,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tedla YG, Gepner A, Stein JH, Delaney JA, Liu CY, Greenland P. Optimal lifestyle behaviors and 10-year progression of arterial stiffness: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:401-408. [PMID: 35132757 PMCID: PMC8989754 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Majority of previous studies showed no association between a single health behavior and arterial stiffness, but the benefit of simultaneously having multiple healthy behaviors (optimal lifestyle) on the progression of arterial stiffness is unknown. Among 2810 individuals (age 60.0 ± 9.4, 46.5% male), optimal lifestyle marker (yes/no) on four health behaviors (ie, BMI < 25 kg/m2, never or former smoker, never or moderate drinker, exercised > 500 METS min/week) across four visits (≈ 5 years) were summed to create an optimal lifestyle score. Carotid arterial stiffness was measured using distensibility coefficient (DC) and Young's elastic modulus (YEM) at visit 1 and after a mean of 9.5 years (visit 5). The association of optimal lifestyle with 10‐year percent change in DC and YEM was assessed using multiple linear regression. DC decreased by 5.3% and YEM increased by 24.4% over 10 years. Mean optimal lifestyle score was 9.4 ± 3.1 (range: 0–16). Individuals in quintiles 2–5 of optimal lifestyle score compared to quintile 1 (with the least optimal lifestyle score) did not show slower deceleration of DC [Q2, −0.3% (95% CI: −6.0, 5.4); Q3, −0.01% (−4.5, 4.5); Q4, −0.6% (−5.2, 3.9); Q5, −0.4% (−5.3, 4.4)], trend p‐value = .82] or slower progression of YEM [Q2, 0.1% (−7.1, 7.3); Q3, −0.8% (−8.0, 6.5); Q4, 4.5% (−2.3, 11.3); Q5, −0.2% (−8.3, 7.9)], trend p‐value = .49] after adjusting for risk factors. The association remained non‐significant when stratified by categories of age, sex, race, BP control, and diabetes. Our findings indicate that optimal score on multiple health behaviors may not independently slow arterial stiffness progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacob G Tedla
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Gepner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James H Stein
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Chia-Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baldini F, Khalil M, Serale N, Voci A, Portincasa P, Vergani L. Extent and features of liver steatosis in vitro pave the way to endothelial dysfunction without physical cell-to-cell contact. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3522-3532. [PMID: 34629256 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several chronic multifactorial diseases originate from energy unbalance between food intake and body energy expenditure, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Vascular endothelium plays a central role in body homeostasis, and NAFLD is often associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED), the first step in atherosclerosis. Both sugars and fatty acids (FAs) are fuel sources for energy production, but their excess leads to liver steatosis which may trigger ED through a network of mechanisms which need to be clarified. Here, we investigated the crosstalk pathways between in vitro cultured steatotic hepatocytes (FaO) and endothelial cells (HECV) being mediated by soluble factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed the conditioned medium approach to test how different extent and features of hepatic steatosis distinctively affect endothelium leading to ED. The steatogenic media collected from steatotic hepatocytes were characterized by high triglyceride content and led to lipid accumulation and fat-dependent dysfunction in HECV cells. We found a parallelism between (i) extent of hepatocyte steatosis and level of lipid accumulation in HECV cells; (ii) type of hepatocyte steatosis (with macro- or microvesicular LDs) and extent of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide release and expression of ED markers in HECV cells. CONCLUSIONS The present findings seem to suggest that, in addition to triglycerides, other soluble mediators should be released by steatotic hepatocytes and may influence lipid accumulation and function of HECV cells. Further studies need to depict the exact profile of soluble factors involved in steatotic hepatocyte-endothelium crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Italy; Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Nadia Serale
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Italy; Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rabbani SI, Sajid S, Mani V, Afroz SM, Khan O, Asdaq SMB, Yasmin F, Alamri AS, Alsanie WF, Alhomrani M, Mohzari Y, Alrashed A, Alajami HN, Aljohani AO, Alamer RF, Alanazi AK. Salvadora persica protects libido by reducing corticosterone and elevating the testosterone levels in chronic cigarette smoke exposure rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4931-4937. [PMID: 34466068 PMCID: PMC8381055 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objectives Cigarette smoke is associated with several diseased states including defects in reproductive behavior. Salvadora persica (S. persica) known as the toothbrush plant is reported to possess several pharmacological properties including antidepressants and anxiolytics. The present research was done to determine the libido-protective effect of S. persica in chronic cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Materials and Methods The decoction of freshly dried roots of S. persica (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, oral) was administered to the chronic-cigarette smoke-exposed adult rats. The parameters related to libido were recorded using a close-camera circuit (CCTV). Serum corticosterone and testosterone levels were estimated. Further, the phytochemical constituents were identified in the decoction. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results The observation from the study revealed that cigarette smoke exposure reduces the sexual activity parameters significantly (p < 0.01), besides elevated the serum corticosterone and suppressed the testosterone levels in rats. Administration of S. persica at 200 mg/kg improved significantly (p < 0.05) the parameters related to libido. The decoction also reversed the changes in the levels of tested hormones in serum. Interpretation and Conclusion The findings indicate that a 200 mg/kg S. persica decoction can protect libido in chronic cigarette smoke-exposed rats. The activity may be due to the presence of several phytoconstituents such as alkaloid, flavonoids and phytosterols that might produce vasodilatory effect in sex organs and enhance the synthesis of endogenous testosterone to improve libido characteristics weakened by chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Sajid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Mohammed Afroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farhana Yasmin
- Department of Mathematics, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, 13713, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Mohzari
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alrashed
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, Inpatient Department, Main Hospital, KFMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan Najib Alajami
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Othman Aljohani
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Fahad Alamer
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajead Khalid Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Services Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coombs GB, Akins JD, Patik JC, Vizcardo-Galindo GA, Figueroa-Mujica R, Tymko MM, Stacey BS, Iannetelli A, Bailey DM, Villafuerte FC, Ainslie PN, Brothers RM. Global Reach 2018: Nitric oxide-mediated cutaneous vasodilation is reduced in chronic, but not acute, hypoxia independently of enzymatic superoxide formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:451-458. [PMID: 34129928 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that 1) cutaneous microvascular function is impaired by acute normobaric and chronic hypobaric hypoxia and 2) that the superoxide free radical (via NADPH oxidase or xanthine oxidase) contributes to this impairment via nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. Local heating-induced cutaneous hyperemia (39 °C) was measured in the forearm of 11 male lowlanders at sea level (SL) and following 14-18 days at high altitude (HA; 4340 m in Cerro de Pasco, Peru), and compared to 11 highlanders residing permanently at this elevation. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; laser-Doppler flux/mean arterial pressure) was not different during 39 °C [control site: 73 (19) vs. 71 (18)%max; P = 0.68] between normoxia and acute normobaric hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.125; equivalent to HA), respectively. At HA, CVC was reduced during 39 °C in lowlanders compared to SL [control site: 54 (14) vs. 73 (19)%max; P < 0.01] and was lower in Andean highlanders compared to lowlanders at HA [control site: 50 (24) vs. 54 (14)%max; P = 0.02]. The NO contribution to vasodilation during 39 °C (i.e., effect of NO synthase inhibition) was reduced in lowlanders at HA compared to SL [control site: 41 (11) vs 49 (10)%max; P = 0.04] and in Andean highlanders compared to lowlanders at HA [control site: 32 (21) vs. 41 (11)%max; P = 0.01]. Intradermal administration (cutaneous microdialysis) of the superoxide mimetic Tempol, inhibition of xanthine oxidase (via allopurinol), or NADPH oxidase (via apocynin) had no influence on cutaneous endothelium-dependent dilation during any of the conditions (all main effects of drug P > 0.05). These results suggest that time at HA impairs NO-mediated cutaneous vasodilation independent of enzymatic superoxide formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoff B Coombs
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - John D Akins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jordan C Patik
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Gustavo A Vizcardo-Galindo
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Romulo Figueroa-Mujica
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo Iannetelli
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - R Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marinelli L, Lanfranco F, Motta G, Zavattaro M. Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2730. [PMID: 34205713 PMCID: PMC8234796 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) seems to be a widespread sexual issue in men affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Multiple causes appear to be involved such as hormonal imbalance, smoking habit, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, chronic hypoxia, psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety), and medications. ED can have a significant impact on COPD men and consequently on their quality of life, which is usually already compromised. Given this situation, however, pneumologists usually do not properly care for the sexuality of COPD patients especially because men can be reluctant to talk about their intimate issues. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly summarize the evidence emerging from literature and to provide a wide point of view about sexual dysfunction in COPD men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marinelli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fabio Lanfranco
- Division of Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zavattaro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karnati S, Seimetz M, Kleefeldt F, Sonawane A, Madhusudhan T, Bachhuka A, Kosanovic D, Weissmann N, Krüger K, Ergün S. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Cardiovascular System: Vascular Repair and Regeneration as a Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:649512. [PMID: 33912600 PMCID: PMC8072123 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It has been shown that vascular wall remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur not only in patients with COPD but also in smokers with normal lung function, suggesting a causal role for vascular alterations in the development of emphysema. Mechanistically, abnormalities in the vasculature, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, imbalances in cellular apoptosis/proliferation, and increased oxidative/nitrosative stress promote development of PH, cor pulmonale, and most probably pulmonary emphysema. Hypoxemia in the pulmonary chamber modulates the activation of key transcription factors and signaling cascades, which propagates inflammation and infiltration of neutrophils, resulting in vascular remodeling. Endothelial progenitor cells have angiogenesis capabilities, resulting in transdifferentiation of the smooth muscle cells via aberrant activation of several cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The vascular endothelium influences the balance between vaso-constriction and -dilation in the heart. Targeting key players affecting the vasculature might help in the development of new treatment strategies for both PH and COPD. The present review aims to summarize current knowledge about vascular alterations and production of reactive oxygen species in COPD. The present review emphasizes on the importance of the vasculature for the usually parenchyma-focused view of the pathobiology of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Thati Madhusudhan
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- UniSA Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meldrum DR, Morris MA, Gambone JC, Esposito K. Aging and erectile function. Aging Male 2020; 23:1115-1124. [PMID: 31724458 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2019.1686756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors review and discuss numerous factors that influence erectile function and their interactions, based on the published literature. Of critical importance are vascular nitric oxide; nutrition; exercise; weight control and maintaining insulin sensitivity; early treatment of hypertension with attention to effects on erectile function; avoiding sources of oxidative stress such as obesity and smoking; reducing inflammation (e.g. from gingivitis); improving pelvic floor muscle strength; and inhibiting cyclic GMP break-down. The described interventions act on different aspects of erectile biochemistry and physiology. Therefore, combining multiple therapeutic approaches will yield maximum benefits for erectile and vascular and general health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Meldrum
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Reproductive Partners San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marge A Morris
- Diabetes, Education and Nutrition Department, Mercy Regional Medical Center, Durango, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Gambone
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Diabetes Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antequera-González B, Martínez-Micaelo N, Alegret JM. Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Endothelial Dysfunction: Current Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1015. [PMID: 32973551 PMCID: PMC7472870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most frequent congenital heart malformation, is characterized by the presence of a two-leaflet aortic valve instead of a three-leaflet one. BAV disease progression is associated with valvular dysfunction (in the form of stenosis or regurgitation) and aortopathy, which can lead to aneurysm and aortic dissection. This morphological abnormality modifies valve dynamics and promotes eccentric blood flow, which gives rise to alterations of the flow pattern and wall shear stress (WSS) of the ascending aorta. Recently, evidence of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in BAV disease has emerged. Different studies have addressed a reduced endothelial functionality by analyzing various molecular biomarkers and cellular parameters in BAV patients. Some authors have found impaired functionality of circulating endothelial progenitors in these patients, associating it with valvular dysfunction and aortic dilation. Others focused on systemic endothelial function by measuring artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), showing a reduced FMD in BAV individuals. Novel biomarkers like increased endothelial microparticles (EMP), which are related to ED, have also been discovered in BAV patients. Finally, latest studies indicate that in BAV, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) may also be de-regulated, which could be caused by genetic, hemodynamic alterations, or both. Different hypothesis about the pathology of ED in BAV are nowadays being debated. Some authors blamed this impaired functionality just on genetic abnormalities, which could lead to a pathological aorta. Nevertheless, thanks to the development of new and high-resolution imaging techniques like 4D flow MRI, hemodynamics has gained great attention. Based on latest studies, alterations in blood flow seem to cause proper modification of the endothelial cells (ECs) function and morphology. It also seems to be associated with aortic dilation and decreased vasodilators expression, like nitric oxide (NO). Although nowadays ED in BAV has been reported by many, it is not clear which its main cause may be. Comprehending the pathways that promote ED and its relevance in BAV could help further understand and maybe prevent the serious consequences of this disease. This review will discuss the ED present in BAV, focusing on the latest evidence, biomarkers for ED and potential therapeutic targets (Figure 1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Antequera-González
- Group of Cardiovascular Research, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Group of Cardiovascular Research, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Alegret
- Group of Cardiovascular Research, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khojah HMJ, Ahmed SA. Comparative assessment of individual RONS in serum of smokers compared with non-smokers and their correlation with the lipid profile and antioxidant status. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6223-6234. [PMID: 31640448 PMCID: PMC7045672 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarette smoking generates free radicals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that contribute to many diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of individual RONS in serum from smokers and non-smokers, and to examine their impact on lipid profiles and the endogenous antioxidant status, which is represented by vitamins C and E. Methods Ninety-four healthy Egyptian volunteers (48 smokers and 46 non-smokers) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected and analysed for common haematological tests, lipid profiles, and serum antioxidants. Six reactive oxygen species and three reactive nitrogen species were measured. Results A significant increase in radical levels was observed, as well as significant increases in haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit, platelet count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in smokers compared with non-smokers. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly reduced in smokers compared with non-smokers. A moderate negative correlation was found between serum levels of vitamins C and E and O2–•, HO•, H2O2, NO•, and ONO•, reflecting a negative impact of elevated RONS levels on the endogenous antioxidant status. Conclusion These results may increase our understanding of the pathological role of smoking in several diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani MJ Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Radi R. The origins of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite research in Uruguay: 25 years of contributions to the biochemical and biomedical sciences. Nitric Oxide 2019; 87:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Impact of Tobacco Smoke in HIV Progression: a Major Risk Factor for the Development of NeuroAIDS and Associated of CNS Disorders. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2019; 28:259-270. [PMID: 33738180 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aim With the advent of highly active and combination antiretroviral therapy have substantially increased the life expectancy of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, this has brought into sharp contrast the incidence of several 'Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diseases such as NeuroAIDS which identifies a group of neurological disorders caused primarily by HIV-mediated damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Given the patients depleted immune condition, the use and abuse of drug and addictive substances such as tobacco smoking can further deteriorates their overall health and accelerate the progression and severity of the disease. In this review we detail the pathogenesis, progression and characteristics of HIV and the impact of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for the progression of the disease to NeuroAIDS. This is a poorly understood aspect of HIV-related complications that needs to be addressed. Subjects and methods Review of theoretical approaches and knowledge synthesis. Results Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent in HIV patients when compared to the general population. The oxidative damage and inflammatory stress caused by chronic smoking on the cerebrovascular system have been well established. Considering that HIV patients have an impaired immune system and smokers per se are more susceptible to viral and bacterial inflammatory neuropathologies than non-smokers, it is conceivable that tobacco smoking as a risk factor for the progression of HIV into NeuroAIDS and related neurological impairments. Conclusion Tobacco smoke (TS) may bring about a synergistic effect in the context of persistent inflammatory state and cerebrovascular damage which facilitate HIV infection and progression to NeuroAIDS when compared to non-smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lycopene mitigates pulmonary emphysema induced by cigarette smoke in a murine model. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 65:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
19
|
Dikalov S, Itani H, Richmond B, Vergeade A, Rahman SMJ, Boutaud O, Blackwell T, Massion PP, Harrison DG, Dikalova A. Tobacco smoking induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and enhances hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H639-H646. [PMID: 30608177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00595.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. It is associated with the oxidative stress and induces metabolic reprogramming, altering mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we studied whether the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in transgenic mice expressing mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) attenuates the development of cigarette smoke/angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and hypertension compared with wild-type mice. Two weeks of exposure of wild-type mice with cigarette smoke increased systolic blood pressure by 17 mmHg, which was similar to the effect of a subpresssor dose of angiotensin II (0.2 mg·kg-1·day-1), leading to a moderate increase to the prehypertensive level. Cigarette smoke exposure and a low dose of angiotensin II cooperatively induced severe hypertension in wild-type mice, but the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in mCAT mice completely prevented the development of hypertension. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II cooperatively induced oxidation of cardiolipin (a specific biomarker of mitochondrial oxidative stress) in wild-type mice, which was abolished in mCAT mice. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and induced superoxide overproduction, which was diminished in mCAT mice. To mimic the tobacco smoke exposure, we used cigarette smoke condensate, which induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction and reduced endothelial nitric oxide (a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension). Western blot experiments indicated that tobacco smoke and angiotensin II reduce the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 level and cause hyperacetylation of a key mitochondrial antioxidant, SOD2, which promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates tobacco smoking-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and development of hypertension. We suggest that the targeting of mitochondrial oxidative stress can be beneficial for treatment of pathological conditions associated with tobacco smoking, such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hana Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Bradley Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aurelia Vergeade
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S M Jamshedur Rahman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prolo C, Rios N, Piacenza L, Álvarez MN, Radi R. Fluorescence and chemiluminescence approaches for peroxynitrite detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:59-68. [PMID: 29454880 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been a significant advance in understanding the biochemistry of peroxynitrite, an endogenously-produced oxidant and nucleophile. Its relevance as a mediator in several pathologic states and the aging process together with its transient character and low steady-state concentration, motivated the development of a variety of techniques for its unambiguous detection and estimation. Among these, fluorescence and chemiluminescence approaches have represented important tools with enhanced sensitivity but usual limited specificity. In this review, we analyze selected examples of molecular probes that permit the detection of peroxynitrite by fluorescence and chemiluminescence, disclosing their mechanism of reaction with either peroxynitrite or peroxynitrite-derived radicals. Indeed, probes have been divided into 1) redox probes that yield products by a free radical mechanism, and 2) electrophilic probes that evolve to products secondary to the nucleophilic attack by peroxynitrite. Overall, boronate-based compounds are emerging as preferred probes for the sensitive and specific detection and quantitation. Moreover, novel strategies involving genetically-modified fluorescent proteins with the incorporation of unnatural amino acids have been recently described as peroxynitrite sensors. This review analyzes the most commonly used fluorescence and chemiluminescence approaches for peroxynitrite detection and provides some guidelines for appropriate experimental design and data interpretation, including how to estimate peroxynitrite formation rates in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucia Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Camera FD, Pozzi BG, Paganini CDS, Sorato HR, Tavares F, Pereira BDC, Pedroso GS, Roman SS, Silveira PCL, Nesi RT, Pinho RA. Cardioprotective effects of physical exercise on redox biology in mice exposed to hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette smoke. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 661:50-55. [PMID: 30414729 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to evaluate the effects of physical training on histological parameters and oxidative stress in the myocardium of mice chronically exposed to hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette (HRCC) smoke. Male Swiss mice (60 days old, 30-35 g) were either exposed to ambient air or passively exposed to the smoke of 12 cigarettes daily over 3 sessions (4 cigarettes per session) for 60 consecutive days with or without physical training for 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the heart was surgically removed for histological analysis and measurement of oxidative stress parameters. Histological imaging revealed cell disruption, with poorly defined nuclei, in the mice exposed to HRCC smoke, but not in the control group. However, mice exposed to HRCC smoke with physical training displayed signs of tissue repair and improved tissue integrity. Biochemical analysis revealed decreased production of superoxide, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), and nitrite, as well as decreased protein carbonylation, in the physical training groups, likely due to the exercise-induced increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and glutathione (GSH) content. Taken together, our results suggest that physical exercise exerts cardioprotective effects by modulating the redox responses in animals exposed to HRCC smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Dal'Maso Camera
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernanda Tavares
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia S Pedroso
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Silvane Souza Roman
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Tiscoski Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Implications of plasma thiol redox in disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1257-1280. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiol groups are crucially involved in signaling/homeostasis through oxidation, reduction, and disulphide exchange. The overall thiol pool is the resultant of several individual pools of small compounds (e.g. cysteine), peptides (e.g. glutathione), and thiol proteins (e.g. thioredoxin (Trx)), which are not in equilibrium and present specific oxidized/reduced ratios. This review addresses mechanisms and implications of circulating plasma thiol/disulphide redox pools, which are involved in several physiologic processes and explored as disease biomarkers. Thiol pools are regulated by mechanisms linked to their intrinsic reactivity against oxidants, concentration of antioxidants, thiol-disulphide exchange rates, and their dynamic release/removal from plasma. Major thiol couples determining plasma redox potential (Eh) are reduced cysteine (CyS)/cystine (the disulphide form of cysteine) (CySS), followed by GSH/disulphide-oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Hydrogen peroxide and hypohalous acids are the main plasma oxidants, while water-soluble and lipid-soluble small molecules are the main antioxidants. The thiol proteome and thiol-oxidoreductases are emerging investigative areas given their specific disease-related responses (e.g. protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs) in thrombosis). Plasma cysteine and glutathione redox couples exhibit pro-oxidant changes directly correlated with ageing/age-related diseases. We further discuss changes in thiol-disulphide redox state in specific groups of diseases: cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative. These results indicate association with the disease states, although not yet clear-cut to yield specific biomarkers. We also highlight mechanisms whereby thiol pools affect atherosclerosis pathophysiology. Overall, it is unlikely that a single measurement provides global assessment of plasma oxidative stress. Rather, assessment of individual thiol pools and thiol-proteins specific to any given condition has more solid and logical perspective to yield novel relevant information on disease risk and prognosis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Matter B, Seiler CL, Murphy K, Ming X, Zhao J, Lindgren B, Jones R, Tretyakova N. Mapping three guanine oxidation products along DNA following exposure to three types of reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:180-189. [PMID: 29702150 PMCID: PMC6858621 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated during respiration, inflammation, and immune response can damage cellular DNA, contributing to aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The ability of oxidized DNA bases to interfere with DNA replication and transcription is strongly influenced by their chemical structures and locations within the genome. In the present work, we examined the influence of local DNA sequence context, DNA secondary structure, and oxidant identity on the efficiency and the chemistry of guanine oxidation in the context of the Kras protooncogene. A novel isotope labeling strategy developed in our laboratory was used to accurately map the formation of 2,2-diamino-4-[(2-deoxy-β-D-erythropentofuranosyl)amino]- 5(2 H)-oxazolone (Z), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (OG), and 8-nitroguanine (8-NO2-G) lesions along DNA duplexes following photooxidation in the presence of riboflavin, treatment with nitrosoperoxycarbonate, and oxidation in the presence of hydroxyl radicals. Riboflavin-mediated photooxidation preferentially induced OG lesions at 5' guanines within GG repeats, while treatment with nitrosoperoxycarbonate targeted 3'-guanines within GG and AG dinucleotides. Little sequence selectivity was observed following hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation. However, Z and 8-NO2-G adducts were overproduced at duplex ends, irrespective of oxidant identity. Overall, our results indicate that the patterns of Z, OG, and 8-NO2-G adduct formation in the genome are distinct and are influenced by oxidant identity and the secondary structure of DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brock Matter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher L Seiler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kristopher Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xun Ming
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bruce Lindgren
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Roger Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Harris J, Subhi Y, Sørensen TL. Effect of aging and lifestyle on photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium: cross-sectional study in a healthy Danish population. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2017; 7:1398016. [PMID: 29152163 PMCID: PMC5678353 DOI: 10.1080/20010001.2017.1398016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptors and their supporting retinal pigment epithelium constitute the key functional parts of the retina. Here, a study was undertaken to show how aging and lifestyle factors affect the photoreceptor layer and the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane complex (RPE-BM) in vivo in a healthy Danish population using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. This was a cross-sectional study of healthy humans aged ≥50 years. All participants were interviewed for medical history and lifestyle factors. Maculae of all participants were scanned using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The thickness of the photoreceptor layer and the RPE-BM was measured on one eye from each participant. In 150 eyes of 150 participants, it was found that aging was associated with a decrease in the thickness of the photoreceptor layer (-0.143 μm/year, P = 0.031) and an increase in the thickness of the RPE-BM layer (0.100 μm/year, P = 0.029) at the foveal minimum. Regarding lifestyle factors, alcohol intake or BMI were not associated with any significant trend, but physical inactivity and smoking had effects on the photoreceptor layer (decreased thickness) and the RPE-BM layer (increased thickness) indicating an accelerated aging process of the macula. Taken together, aging affects photoreceptors and the RPE-BM, and these aging trends are accelerated in smokers and the physically inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Harris
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben L. Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liberale L, Montecucco F, Bonaventura A, Casetta I, Seraceni S, Trentini A, Padroni M, Dallegri F, Fainardi E, Carbone F. Monocyte count at onset predicts poststroke outcomes during a 90-day follow-up. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:702-710. [PMID: 28783210 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) triggers both systemic and neurovascular inflammation, influencing poststroke recovery. In smokers with AIS, inflammation might be further upregulated, increasing ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Here, the predictive value of leucocyte and adhesion molecules levels on poststroke outcomes was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 89 patients with AIS (n = 30 smokers and n = 59 nonsmokers) were recruited and evaluated 1, 7 and 90 days after the onset to assess stroke severity by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score as well as clinical recovery at 90 days by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Lesion volume was assessed by noncontrast computed tomography. Haematological parameters, blood chemistry and soluble adhesion molecules were measured. RESULTS Smokers experienced a more severe stroke and at a younger age with respect to nonsmokers, moreover, they had higher circulating levels of monocytes, neutrophils and soluble adhesion molecules. Baseline monocytes positively correlated with stroke severity and disability across all time points in the overall cohort. No correlation was shown between adhesion molecules and poststroke outcomes. A monocyte count >0·63 × 109 /L predicted worse stroke severity (defined as NIHSS ≥5) at day 90 independently of age, hypertension, thrombolysis and active smoking in the overall cohort. Similarly, a monocyte count >0·64 × 109 /L predicted poor neurological recovery at day 90 (defined as mRS > 2). CONCLUSIONS Smoker had more severe AIS and higher leucocytes and adhesion molecule levels. In the overall cohort, monocyte count was an independent predictor of worse poststroke outcome. Although larger trials are needed, monocyte count might be a cheap prognostic parameter in AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Biological, Psychiatric and Psychological Science, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Istitute for Maternal and Child Health 'IRCCS Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marina Padroni
- Department of Biological, Psychiatric and Psychological Science, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gökçe Mİ, Yaman Ö. Erectile dysfunction in the elderly male. Turk J Urol 2017; 43:247-251. [PMID: 28861293 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2017.70482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a health problem which mainly effects elderly men and this problem has become a more important health problem with the increased life expectancy. The basic risk factors of ED are hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerotic heart disease which also have a higher incidence in the elderly men. The aim of this review article is to highlight the age-related changes in ED together with recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet İlker Gökçe
- Department of Urology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Önder Yaman
- Department of Urology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ikonomidis I, Marinou M, Vlastos D, Kourea K, Andreadou I, Liarakos N, Triantafyllidi H, Pavlidis G, Tsougos E, Parissis J, Lekakis J. Effects of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy on arterial elasticity, endothelial glycocalyx and oxidative stress during a 3-month smoking cessation program. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
SM = SM: The Interface of Systems Medicine and Sexual Medicine for Facing Non-Communicable Diseases in a Gender-Dependent Manner. Sex Med Rev 2017; 5:349-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
29
|
Batthyány C, Bartesaghi S, Mastrogiovanni M, Lima A, Demicheli V, Radi R. Tyrosine-Nitrated Proteins: Proteomic and Bioanalytical Aspects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:313-328. [PMID: 27324931 PMCID: PMC5326983 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE "Nitroproteomic" is under active development, as 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins constitutes a footprint left by the reactions of nitric oxide-derived oxidants that are usually associated to oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, protein tyrosine nitration can cause structural and functional changes, which may be of pathophysiological relevance for human disease conditions. Biological protein tyrosine nitration is a free radical process involving the intermediacy of tyrosyl radicals; in spite of being a nonenzymatic process, nitration is selectively directed toward a limited subset of tyrosine residues. Precise identification and quantitation of 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins has represented a "tour de force" for researchers. Recent Advances: A small number of proteins are preferential targets of nitration (usually less than 100 proteins per proteome), contrasting with the large number of proteins modified by other post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and, notably, S-nitrosation. Proteomic approaches have revealed key features of tyrosine nitration both in vivo and in vitro, including selectivity, site specificity, and effects in protein structure and function. CRITICAL ISSUES Identification of 3-nitrotyrosine-containing proteins and mapping nitrated residues is challenging, due to low abundance of this oxidative modification in biological samples and its unfriendly behavior in mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies, that is, MALDI, electrospray ionization, and collision-induced dissociation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The use of (i) classical two-dimensional electrophoresis with immunochemical detection of nitrated proteins followed by protein ID by regular MS/MS in combination with (ii) immuno-enrichment of tyrosine-nitrated peptides and (iii) identification of nitrated peptides by a MIDAS™ experiment is arising as a potent methodology to unambiguously map and quantitate tyrosine-nitrated proteins in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 313-328.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Batthyány
- 1 Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- 3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay .,4 Departamento de Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Lima
- 1 Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Demicheli
- 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Atorvastatin and Simvastatin Promoted Mouse Lung Repair After Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema. Inflammation 2017; 40:965-979. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
31
|
Ríos N, Prolo C, Álvarez MN, Piacenza L, Radi R. Peroxynitrite Formation and Detection in Living Cells. Nitric Oxide 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804273-1.00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
32
|
G SBA, Choi S, Krishnan J, K R. Cigarette smoke and related risk factors in neurological disorders: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:79-86. [PMID: 27930990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is known to be harmful to health, and is considered the main cause of death worldwide, especially in India. Among the well-distinguished diseases related to smoking are, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers, and cardiovascular complications. However, the impact of cigarette smoking on neurocognitive and neuropathological effects, including anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, still remains unclear. Cigarette smoke consists of more than 4500 toxic chemicals that combine to form free radicals, which lead to oxidative stress-associated neurological disorders. Herein, we discuss the role of antioxidant agents in delaying or attenuating disease complications. In addition, in this review, we discuss the neuropathological effect of cigarette smoke and its interference in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smilin Bell Aseervatham G
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Anna University, BIT campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani K
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Anna University, BIT campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rios N, Piacenza L, Trujillo M, Martínez A, Demicheli V, Prolo C, Álvarez MN, López GV, Radi R. Sensitive detection and estimation of cell-derived peroxynitrite fluxes using fluorescein-boronate. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:284-295. [PMID: 27641237 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The specific and sensitive detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH) in biological systems is a great challenge due to its high reactivity towards several biomolecules. Herein, we validated the advantages of using fluorescein-boronate (Fl-B) as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for the direct detection of peroxynitrite under biologically-relevant conditions in two different cell models. The synthesis of Fl-B was achieved by a very simply two-step conversion synthetic route with high purity (>99%) and overall yield (∼42%). Reactivity analysis of Fl-B with relevant biological oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxynitrite were performed. The rate constant for the reaction of peroxynitrite with Fl-B was 1.7×106M-1s-1, a million times faster than the rate constant measured for H2O2 (k=1.7M-1s-1) and 2,700 faster than HOCl (6.2×102M-1s-1) at 37°C and pH 7.4. The reaction of Fl-B with peroxynitrite was significant even in the presence of physiological concentrations of CO2, a well-known peroxynitrite reactant. Experimental and simulated kinetic analyses confirm that the main oxidation process of Fl-B takes place with peroxynitrite itself via a direct bimolecular reaction and not with peroxynitrite-derived radicals. Fl-B was successfully applied for the detection of endogenously-generated peroxynitrite by endothelial cells and in macrophage-phagocyted parasites. Moreover, the generated data allowed estimating the actual intracellular flux of peroxynitrite. For instance, ionomycin-stimulated endothelial cells generated peroxynitrite at a rate of ∼ 0.1μMs-1, while immunostimulated macrophages do so in the order of ∼1μMs-1 inside T. cruzi-infected phagosomes. Fl-B revealed not to be toxic in concentrations up to 1mM for 24h. Cellular peroxynitrite detection was achieved by conventional laboratory fluorescence-based methods including flow cytometry and epi-fluorescence microscopy. Fl-B was shown to be more sensitive than the coumarin boronate due to a higher molar absorption coefficient and quantum yield. Overall, our results show that Fl-B is a kinetically selective and highly sensitive probe for the direct detection of cell-derived peroxynitrite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Demicheli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gloria V López
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 1954 Harman proposed the free radical theory of aging, and in 1972 he suggested that mitochondria are both the source and the victim of toxic free radicals. Interestingly, hypertension is an age-associated disease and clinical data show that by age 70, 70% of the population has hypertension and this is accompanied by oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy, however, is not currently available and common antioxidants such as ascorbate and vitamin E are ineffective in preventing hypertension. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidative stress and the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria in hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past several years, we have shown that the mitochondria become dysfunctional in hypertension and have defined a novel role of mitochondrial superoxide radicals in this disease. We have shown that genetic manipulation of mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase affects blood pressure, and have developed mitochondria-targeted therapies such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetics that effectively lower blood pressure. However, the specific mechanism of mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertension remains unclear. Recent animal and clinical studies have demonstrated several hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and environmental pathways contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. SUMMARY Nutritional supplements, calorie restriction, and life style change are the most effective preventive strategies to improve mitochondrial function and reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress. Aging associated mitochondrial dysfunction, however, reduces the efficacy of these strategies. Therefore, we propose that new classes of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants can provide a high therapeutic potential to improve endothelial function and reduce hypertension.
Collapse
|
35
|
DeLay KJ, Haney N, Hellstrom WJ. Modifying Risk Factors in the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: A Review. World J Mens Health 2016; 34:89-100. [PMID: 27574592 PMCID: PMC4999494 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2016.34.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent among men and its presence is often an indicator of systemic disease. Risk factors for ED include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, hypogonadism, lower urinary tract symptoms, metabolic syndrome, and depression. Addressing the modifiable risk factors frequently improves a patient's overall health and increases lifespan. The literature suggests that smoking cessation, treatment of hyperlipidemia, and increasing physical activity will improve erectile function in many patients. How the treatment of DM, depression, and hypogonadism impacts erectile function is less clear. Clinicians need to be aware that certain antihypertensive agents can adversely impact erectile function. The treatment of men with ED needs to address the underlying risk factors to ameliorate the disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J DeLay
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nora Haney
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne Jg Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cassina A, Silveira P, Cantu L, Montes JM, Radi R, Sapiro R. Defective Human Sperm Cells Are Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidant Production1. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:119. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.130989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
37
|
Naik P, Cucullo L. Pathobiology of tobacco smoking and neurovascular disorders: untied strings and alternative products. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:25. [PMID: 26520792 PMCID: PMC4628383 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-015-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. In addition to a host of well characterized diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers and cardiovascular complications, epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic smokers are at equal risk to develop neurological and neurovascular complications such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, vascular dementia and small vessel ischemic disease (SVID). Unfortunately, few direct neurotoxicology studies of tobacco smoking and its pathogenic pathways have been produced so far. A major link between TS and CNS disorders is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of the toxicological impact of TS on BBB physiology and function and major compensatory mechanisms such as nrf2- ARE signaling and anti-inflammatory pathways activated by TS. In the same context, we discuss the controversial role of antioxidant supplementation as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic approach in delaying or decreasing the disease complications in smokers. Further, we cover a number of toxicological studies associated with "reduced exposure" cigarette products including electronic cigarettes. Finally, we provide insights on possible avenues for future research including mechanistic studies using direct inhalation rodent models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kovac JR, Labbate C, Ramasamy R, Tang D, Lipshultz LI. Effects of cigarette smoking on erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 2014; 47:1087-92. [PMID: 25557907 DOI: 10.1111/and.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although public policies have resulted in a decreased number of new smokers, smoking rates remain stubbornly high in certain demographics with 20% of all American middle-aged men smoking. In addition to the well-established harmful effects of smoking (i.e. coronary artery disease and lung cancer), the past three decades have led to a compendium of evidence being compiled into the development of a relationship between cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction. The main physiologic mechanism that appears to be affected includes the nitric oxide signal transduction pathway. This review details the recent literature linking cigarette smoking to erectile dysfunction, epidemiological associations, dose dependency and the effects of smoking cessation on improving erectile quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C Labbate
- Department of Urology and The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Ramasamy
- Department of Urology and The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Tang
- Department of Urology and The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L I Lipshultz
- Department of Urology and The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fiuza B, Subelzú N, Calcerrada P, Straliotto MR, Piacenza L, Cassina A, Rocha JBT, Radi R, de Bem AF, Peluffo G. Impact of SIN-1-derived peroxynitrite flux on endothelial cell redox homeostasis and bioenergetics: protective role of diphenyl diselenide via induction of peroxiredoxins. Free Radic Res 2014; 49:122-32. [PMID: 25373783 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.983096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased production of reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen (ROS) species and its detrimental effect to mitochondria are associated with endothelial dysfunction. This study was designed to determine the effect of a peroxynitrite flux, promoted by 1,3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), in mitochondrial function and some redox homeostasis parameters in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Moreover, the effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, a simple organic selenium compound, in preventing peroxynitrite-mediated cytotoxicity was also investigated. Our results showed that overnight exposure to SIN-1 (250 μM) caused a profound impairment of oxygen consumption, energy generation and reserve capacity in mitochondria of BAEC. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in an additional intracellular production of peroxynitrite, amplifying the phenomenon and leading to changes in redox homeostasis. Moreover, we observed an extensive decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) induced by peroxynitrite and this event was associated with apoptotic-type cell death. Alternatively, the pretreatment of BAEC with (PhSe)2, hindered peroxynitrite-mediated cell damage by preserving mitochondrial and endothelial function and consequently preventing apoptosis. The protective effect of (PhSe)2 was related to its ability to improve the intracellular redox state by increasing the expression of different isoforms of peroxiredoxins (Prx-1-3), efficient enzymes in peroxynitrite detoxification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Fiuza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, SC , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sakai T, Sato B, Hara K, Hara Y, Naritomi Y, Koyanagi S, Hara H, Nagao T, Ishibashi T. Consumption of water containing over 3.5 mg of dissolved hydrogen could improve vascular endothelial function. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2014; 10:591-7. [PMID: 25378931 PMCID: PMC4207582 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s68844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The redox imbalance between nitric oxide and superoxide generated in the endothelium is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of endothelial dysfunction. A third reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2, is known to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the vasculature. Nonetheless, the influence of the hydroxyl radical, a byproduct of H2O2 decay, is unclear, and there is no direct evidence that the hydroxyl radical impairs endothelial function in conduit arteries. Molecular hydrogen (H2) neutralizes detrimental ROS, especially the hydroxyl radical. OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of the hydroxyl radical on the endothelium and to confirm that a gaseous antioxidant, H2, can be a useful modulator of blood vessel function. METHODS The efficacy of water containing a high concentration of H2 was tested by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA). The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the high-H2 group, who drank high-H2 water containing 7 ppm H2 (3.5 mg H2 in 500 mL water); and the placebo group. Endothelial function was evaluated by measuring the FMD of the BA. After measurement of diameter of the BA and FMD at baseline, volunteers drank the high-H2 water or placebo water immediately and with a 30-minute interval; FMD was compared to baseline. RESULTS FMD increased in the high-H2 group (eight males; eight females) from 6.80%±1.96% to 7.64%±1.68% (mean ± standard deviation) and decreased from 8.07%±2.41% to 6.87%±2.94% in the placebo group (ten males; eight females). The ratio to the baseline in the changes of FMD showed significant improvement (P<0.05) in the high-H2 group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION H2 may protect the vasculature from shear stress-derived detrimental ROS, such as the hydroxyl radical, by maintaining the nitric oxide-mediated vasomotor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bunpei Sato
- MiZ Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Naritomi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Samon Koyanagi
- Department of Cardiology, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Toru Ishibashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Meldrum DR, Burnett AL, Dorey G, Esposito K, Ignarro LJ. Erectile Hydraulics: Maximizing Inflow While Minimizing Outflow. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1208-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
42
|
Fujii N, Brunt VE, Minson CT. Tempol improves cutaneous thermal hyperemia through increasing nitric oxide bioavailability in young smokers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1507-11. [PMID: 24682395 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00886.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that young cigarette smokers display cutaneous vascular dysfunction relative to nonsmokers, which is partially due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-dependent vasodilation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that reducing oxidative stress improves NO bioavailability, enhancing cutaneous vascular function in young smokers. Ten healthy young male smokers, who had smoked for 6.3 ± 0.7 yr with an average daily consumption of 9.1 ± 0.7 cigarettes, were tested. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) during local heating to 42°C at a rate of 0.1°C/s was evaluated as laser-Doppler flux divided by mean arterial blood pressure and normalized to maximal CVC, induced by local heating to 44°C plus sodium nitroprusside administration. We evaluated plateau CVC during local heating, which is known to be highly dependent on NO, at four intradermal microdialysis sites with 1) Ringer solution (control); 2) 10 μM 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (tempol), a superoxide dismutase mimetic; 3) 10 mM N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor; and 4) a combination of 10 μM tempol and 10 mM l-NNA. Tempol increased plateau CVC compared with the Ringer solution site (90.0 ± 2.3 vs. 77.6 ± 3.9%maximum, P = 0.028). Plateau CVC at the combination site (56.8 ± 4.5%maximum) was lower than the Ringer solution site (P < 0.001) and was not different from the l-NNA site (55.1 ± 4.6%maximum, P = 0.978), indicating the tempol effect was exclusively NO dependent. These data suggest that in young smokers, reducing oxidative stress improves cutaneous thermal hyperemia to local heating by enhancing NO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Department of Human Physiology, The University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Human Physiology, The University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Turell L, Radi R, Alvarez B. The thiol pool in human plasma: the central contribution of albumin to redox processes. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:244-253. [PMID: 23747983 PMCID: PMC3909715 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma compartment has particular features regarding the nature and concentration of low and high molecular weight thiols and oxidized derivatives. Plasma is relatively poor in thiol-based antioxidants; thiols are in lower concentrations than in cells and mostly oxidized. The different thiol-disulfide pairs are not in equilibrium and the steady-state concentrations of total thiols as well as reduced versus oxidized ratios are maintained by kinetic barriers, including the rates of reactions and transport processes. The single thiol of human serum albumin (HSA-SH) is the most abundant plasma thiol. It is an important target for oxidants and electrophiles due to its reactivity with a wide variety of species and its relatively high concentration. A relatively stable sulfenic (HSA-SO3H) acid can be formed in albumin exposed to oxidants. Plasma increases in mixed disulfides (HSA-SSR) or in sulfinic (HSA-SO2H) and sulfonic (HSA-SO3H) acids are associated with different pathologies and may constitute biomarkers of the antioxidant role of the albumin thiol. In this work we provide a critical review of the plasma thiol pool with a focus on human serum albumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Turell
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mah E, Pei R, Guo Y, Ballard KD, Barker T, Rogers VE, Parker BA, Taylor AW, Traber MG, Volek JS, Bruno RS. γ-Tocopherol-rich supplementation additively improves vascular endothelial function during smoking cessation. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1291-1299. [PMID: 24075893 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation persist years after smoking cessation thereby limiting the restoration of vascular endothelial function (VEF). Although short-term smoking cessation improves VEF, no studies have examined co-therapy of antioxidants in combination with smoking cessation to improve VEF. We hypothesized that improvements in γ-tocopherol (γ-T) status during smoking cessation would improve VEF beyond that from smoking cessation alone by decreasing oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in otherwise healthy smokers (22 ± 1 years; mean ± SEM) who quit smoking for 7 days with placebo (n=14) or γ-T-rich supplementation (n=16; 500 mg γ-T/day). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), cotinine, and biomarkers of antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation were measured before and after 7 days of smoking cessation. Smoking cessation regardless of supplementation similarly decreased plasma cotinine, whereas γ-T-rich supplementation increased plasma γ-T by seven times and its urinary metabolite γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman by nine times (P<0.05). Smoking cessation with γ-T-rich supplementation increased FMD responses by 1.3% (P<0.05) beyond smoking cessation alone (4.1 ± 0.6% vs 2.8 ± 0.3%; mean ± SEM). Although plasma malondialdehyde decreased similarly in both groups (P<0.05), plasma oxidized LDL and urinary F2-isoprostanes were unaffected by smoking cessation or γ-T-rich supplementation. Plasma TNF-α and myeloperoxidase decreased (P<0.05) only in those receiving γ-T-rich supplements and these were inversely related to FMD (P<0.05; R=-0.46 and -0.37, respectively). These findings demonstrate that short-term γ-T-rich supplementation in combination with smoking cessation improved VEF beyond that from smoking cessation alone in young smokers, probably by decreasing the proinflammatory mediators TNF-α and myeloperoxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ruisong Pei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kevin D Ballard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tyler Barker
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA
| | | | - Beth A Parker
- Department of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Alan W Taylor
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Frazziano G, Al Ghouleh I, Baust J, Shiva S, Champion HC, Pagano PJ. Nox-derived ROS are acutely activated in pressure overload pulmonary hypertension: indications for a seminal role for mitochondrial Nox4. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H197-205. [PMID: 24213612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00977.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe progressive disease with marked morbidity and high mortality in which right ventricular (RV) failure is the major cause of death. Thus knowledge of the mechanisms underlying RV failure is an area of active interest. Previous studies suggest a role of NADPH oxidase in cardiomyocyte dysfunction in the left heart. Here we postulate that acute pressure overload induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB) leads to a Nox4-initiated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse RV that may lead to feed-forward induction of Nox2. To test our hypothesis, ROS production was measured in RV and left ventricle homogenates. The data show that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but not superoxide anion (O2(·-)), was increased in the early phases (within 6 h) of PAB in RV and that this increase was diminished by catalase and diphenyleneiodonium chloride but not by SOD, N(ω)-nitro-l-arginin methyl ester, febuxostat, or indomethacin. H2O2 production in RV was not attenuated in Nox2 null mice subjected to 6 h PAB. Moreover, we observed an upregulation of Nox4 mRNA after 1 h of PAB and an increase in mitochondrial Nox4 protein 6 h post-PAB. In contrast, we observed an increase in Nox2 mRNA 1 day post-PAB. Expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase did not change, but catalase activity increased 6 h post-PAB. Taken together, these findings show a role of mitochondria-localized Nox4 in the early phase of PAB and suggest an involvement of this isozyme in early ROS generation possibly contributing to progression of RV dysfunction and failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Frazziano
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wauters A, Dreyfuss C, Pochet S, Hendrick P, Berkenboom G, van de Borne P, Argacha JF. Acute exposure to diesel exhaust impairs nitric oxide-mediated endothelial vasomotor function by increasing endothelial oxidative stress. Hypertension 2013; 62:352-8. [PMID: 23798345 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust was recently identified as an important cardiovascular risk factor, but whether it impairs nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelial function and increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells is not known. We tested these hypotheses in a randomized, controlled, crossover study in healthy male volunteers exposed to ambient and polluted air (n=12). The effects of skin microvascular hyperemic provocative tests, including local heating and iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, were assessed using a laser Doppler imager. Before local heating, skin was pretreated by iontophoresis of either a specific NO-synthase inhibitor (L-N-arginine-methyl-ester) or a saline solution (Control). ROS production was measured by chemiluminescence using the lucigenin technique in human umbilical vein endothelial cells preincubated with serum from 5 of the subjects. Exposure to diesel exhaust reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation (P<0.01) but did not affect vasodilation with sodium nitroprusside. Moreover, the acetylcholine/sodium nitroprusside vasodilation ratio decreased from 1.51 ± 0.1 to 1.06 ± 0.07 (P<0.01) and was correlated to inhaled particulate matter 2.5 (r=-0.55; P<0.01). NO-mediated skin thermal vasodilatation decreased from 466 ± 264% to 29 ± 123% (P<0.05). ROS production was increased after polluted air exposure (P<0.01) and was correlated with the total amount of inhaled particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5). In healthy subjects, acute experimental exposure to diesel exhaust impaired NO-mediated endothelial vasomotor function and promoted ROS generation in endothelial cells. Increased PM2.5 inhalation enhances microvascular dysfunction and ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Wauters
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, 808 Lennik St, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nigella sativa and Its Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Hypertension. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:120732. [PMID: 23533459 PMCID: PMC3606739 DOI: 10.1155/2013/120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension increases the risk for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease. The increase in oxidative stress has been associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension. Increase of blood pressure is due to an imbalance between antioxidants defence mechanisms and free radical productions. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species reduces nitric oxide bioavailability leading to an endothelial dysfunction and a subsequent increase in total peripheral resistance. Hypertension can cause few symptoms until it reaches the advanced stage and poses serious health problems with lifelong consequences. Hypertensive patients are required to take drugs for life to control the hypertension and prevent complications. Some of these drugs are expensive and may have adverse reactions. Hence, it is timely to examine scientifically, complimentary therapies that are more effective and with minimal undesirable effects. Nigella sativa (NS) and its active constituents have been documented to exhibit antioxidant, hypotensive, calcium channel blockade and diuretic properties which may contribute to reduce blood pressure. This suggests a potential role of NS in the management of hypertension, and thus more studies should be conducted to evaluate its effectiveness.
Collapse
|
48
|
Fujii N, Reinke MC, Brunt VE, Minson CT. Impaired acetylcholine-induced cutaneous vasodilation in young smokers: roles of nitric oxide and prostanoids. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H667-73. [PMID: 23316063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00731.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking attenuates acetylcholine (ACh)-induced cutaneous vasodilation in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that smokers have impaired nitric oxide (NO)- and cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent cutaneous vasodilation to ACh infusion. Twelve young smokers, who have smoked more than 5.2 ± 0.7 yr with an average daily consumption of 11.4 ± 1.2 cigarettes, and 12 nonsmokers were tested. Age, body mass index, and resting mean arterial pressure were similar between the groups. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was evaluated as laser-Doppler flux divided by mean arterial pressure, normalized to maximal CVC (local heating to 43.0°C plus sodium nitroprusside administration). We evaluated the increase in CVC from baseline to peak (CVCΔpeak) and area under the curve of CVC (CVCAUC) during a bolus infusion (1 min) of 137.5 μM ACh at four intradermal microdialysis sites: 1) Ringer (control), 2) 10 mM N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor), 3) 10 mM ketorolac (COX inhibitor), and 4) combination of l-NAME + ketorolac. CVCΔpeak and CVCAUC at the Ringer site in nonsmokers were greater than in smokers (CVCΔpeak, 42.9 ± 5.1 vs. 22.3 ± 3.5%max, P < 0.05; and CVCAUC, 8,085 ± 1,055 vs. 3,145 ± 539%max·s, P < 0.05). In nonsmokers, CVCΔpeak and CVCAUC at the l-NAME site were lower than the Ringer site (CVCΔpeak, 29.5 ± 6.2%max, P < 0.05; and CVCAUC, 5,377 ± 1,109%max·s, P < 0.05), but in smokers, there were no differences between the Ringer and l-NAME sites (CVCΔpeak, 16.8 ± 4.3%max, P = 0.11; and CVCAUC, 2,679 ± 785%max·s, P = 0.30). CVCΔpeak and CVCAUC were reduced with ketorolac in nonsmokers (CVCΔpeak, 13.3 ± 3.6%max, P < 0.05; and CVCAUC, 1,967 ± 527%max·s, P < 0.05) and smokers (CVCΔpeak, 7.8 ± 1.8%max, P < 0.05; and CVCAUC, 1,246 ± 305%max·s, P < 0.05) and at the combination site in nonsmokers (CVCΔpeak, 15.9 ± 3.1%max, P < 0.05; and CVCAUC, 2,660 ± 512%max·s, P < 0.05) and smokers (CVCΔpeak, 11.5 ± 2.6%max, P < 0.05; and CVCAUC, 1,693 ± 409%max·s, P < 0.05), but the magnitudes were greater in nonsmokers (P < 0.05). These results suggest that impaired ACh-induced skin vasodilation in young smokers is related to diminished NO- and COX-dependent vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- The University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology, Eugene, OR 97403-1240, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Green LA, Petrusca D, Rajashekhar G, Gianaris T, Schweitzer KS, Wang L, Justice MJ, Petrache I, Clauss M. Cigarette smoke-induced CXCR3 receptor up-regulation mediates endothelial apoptosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:807-14. [PMID: 22936405 PMCID: PMC3547093 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0132oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) and interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10 are proinflammatory mediators, which in addition to their chemokine activities, selectively induce apoptosis in endothelial cells and are up-regulated in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed humans. Previously, we showed that EMAP II is an essential mediator of cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema in mice linking endothelial cell apoptosis with inflammation. Here we addressed the role of the CXCR3 receptor in EMAP II-induced and IP-10-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells and its regulation by cigarette smoke. We found that both neutralizing antibodies and small inhibitory RNA to CXCR3 abrogated EMAP II-induced and IP-10-induced endothelial caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. CXCR3 receptor surface expression in human lung microvascular endothelial cells and in lung tissue endothelium was up-regulated by exposure to cigarette smoke. In tissue culture conditions, EMAP II-induced and IP-10-induced apoptosis was enhanced by preincubation with cigarette smoke extract. Interestingly, serum starvation also induced CXCR3 up-regulation and enhanced EMAP II-induced endothelial apoptosis. Signal transduction via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was essential for CXCR3-induced cell death, but not for CXCR3 receptor up-regulation by cigarette smoke. In turn, protein nitration was required for CXCR3 receptor up-regulation by cigarette smoke and consequently for subsequent CXCR3-induced cell death. In conclusion, the concerted up-regulation of proinflammatory EMAP II, IP-10, and CXCR3 by cigarette smoke could sustain a cascade of cell death that may promote the alveolar tissue loss noted in human emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linden A. Green
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Daniela Petrusca
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and
| | - Gangaraju Rajashekhar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Tom Gianaris
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Kelly S. Schweitzer
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and
| | - Liang Wang
- R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew J. Justice
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and
- R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Steffen Y, Vuillaume G, Stolle K, Roewer K, Lietz M, Schueller J, Lebrun S, Wallerath T. Cigarette smoke and LDL cooperate in reducing nitric oxide bioavailability in endothelial cells via effects on both eNOS and NADPH oxidase. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:176-84. [PMID: 22766265 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous free radical nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in many biological processes, including the regulation of both vascular tone and inflammatory response; however, its role in the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on atherosclerosis remains unclear. Our aim was to study the mechanisms of NO regulation in endothelial cells in response to cigarette smoke exposure in vitro. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), we have demonstrated that combining non-toxic concentrations of cigarette smoke bubbled through PBS (smoke-bubbled PBS [sbPBS]) with native LDL (nLDL) significantly reduces the amount of bioavailable NO. The effect is comparable to that seen with oxidized LDL (oxLDL), but has not been seen with sbPBS or nLDL alone. Mechanistic investigations showed that the combination of sbPBS+nLDL did not reduce the amount of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), but did inhibit its enzymatic activity. Concomitantly, both sbPBS+nLDL and oxLDL significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of superoxide anions ((·)O(2)(-)) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in HUVEC. Selective inhibition of NADPH oxidase prevented this response. Incubation of sbPBS+nLDL revealed the formation of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and 7-hydroxycholesterol, which are indicators for oxidative modification of LDL. This could explain the reported increase in circulatory levels of oxLDL in smokers. Our results suggest that reduction of functional NO in response to a combination of sbPBS+nLDL is secondary to both reduction of eNOS activity and stimulation of NADPH oxidase activity. Because sbPBS alone showed no effect on eNOS activity or ROS formation, nLDL should be included in cigarette-smoke-related mechanistic in vitro experiments on endothelial cells to be more reflective of the clinical situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Steffen
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|