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Xie Z, Chen T, Lu X, Zhao M, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhou H, Shen J, Guo J, Li Y. Proteomic biomarkers for noninvasive left atrial appendage thrombus prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024:S1885-5857(24)00150-6. [PMID: 38729344 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The CHA2DS2-VASc score, used to assess the risk of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), has limited predictive value. Moreover, transesophageal echocardiography imaging, the gold standard diagnostic method to identify thrombi, is semi-invasive. Consequently, there is a need for alternative and noninvasive diagnostic methods for LAAT risk assessment. METHODS Deep proteomic analysis was conducted in plasma samples from 8 patients with nonvalvular AF, divided into thrombus and control groups (4 patients in each group) based on the presence or absence of LAAT. Biomarkers associated with LAAT were validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a cohort of 179 patients with available clinical, transthoracic, and transesophageal echocardiography data. Predictive models were developed to assess the improvement in LAAT identification. RESULTS The LAAT group had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores, larger LA diameter, and lower LAA flow velocities. Deep proteomic analysis identified 30 differentially expressed proteins, including myosin light chain 4, prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), and decorin as potential diagnostic biomarkers of LAAT. The model showed that PCYOX1 and decorin provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.970 for LAAT prediction compared with 0.672 in a model including the CHA2DS2-VASc score and LAA cauliflower morphology. The incremental value of proteomic biomarkers for LAAT in patients with nonvalvular AF was further confirmed with the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement indices. CONCLUSIONS Protein levels of PCYOX1 and decorin improve the predictive performance for LAAT in patients with nonvalvular AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongHui Xie
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Outpatient Department, The 44th Sanatorium of Retired Cadres in Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - MaoXiang Zhao
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XinYan Wang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Bajpai AK, Gu Q, Orgil BO, Alberson NR, Towbin JA, Martinez HR, Lu L, Purevjav E. Exploring the Regulation and Function of Rpl3l in the Development of Early-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure Using Systems Genetics Approach. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 38254943 PMCID: PMC10815855 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathies, diseases affecting the myocardium, are common causes of congestive heart failure (CHF) and sudden cardiac death. Recently, biallelic variants in ribosomal protein L3-like (RPL3L) have been reported to be associated with severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and CHF. This study employs a systems genetics approach to gain understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the role of RPL3L in DCM. METHODS Genetic correlation, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, differential expression analysis and comparative functional analysis were performed using cardiac gene expression data from the patients and murine genetic reference populations (GRPs) of BXD mice (recombinant inbred strains from a cross of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice). Additionally, immune infiltration analysis was performed to understand the relationship between DCM, immune cells and RPL3L expression. RESULTS Systems genetics analysis identified high expression of Rpl3l mRNA, which ranged from 11.31 to 12.16 across murine GRPs of BXD mice, with an ~1.8-fold difference. Pathways such as "diabetic cardiomyopathy", "focal adhesion", "oxidative phosphorylation" and "DCM" were significantly associated with Rpl3l. eQTL mapping suggested Myl4 (Chr 11) and Sdha (Chr 13) as the upstream regulators of Rpl3l. The mRNA expression of Rpl3l, Myl4 and Sdha was significantly correlated with multiple echocardiography traits in BXD mice. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a significant association of RPL3L and SDHA with seven immune cells (CD4, CD8-naive T cell, CD8 T cell, macrophages, cytotoxic T cell, gamma delta T cell and exhausted T cell) that were also differentially infiltrated between heart samples obtained from DCM patients and normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS RPL3L is highly expressed in the heart tissue of humans and mice. Expression of Rpl3l and its upstream regulators, Myl4 and Sdha, correlate with multiple cardiac function traits in murine GRPs of BXD mice, while RPL3L and SDHA correlate with immune cell infiltration in DCM patient hearts, suggesting important roles for RPL3L in DCM and CHF pathogenesis via immune inflammation, necessitating experimental validations of Myl4 and Sdha in Rpl3l regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Neely R. Alberson
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Cardiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hugo R. Martinez
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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Wu L, Shi M, Liang Y, Huang J, Xia W, Bian H, Zhuo Q, Zhao C. The profiles and clinical significance of extraocular muscle-expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in oculomotor nerve palsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1293344. [PMID: 38173464 PMCID: PMC10761543 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1293344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) arises from primary abnormalities in the central neural pathways that control the extraocular muscles (EOMs). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of various neuroparalytic diseases. However, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in ONP. Methods We collected medial rectus muscle tissue from ONP and constant exotropia (CXT) patients during strabismus surgeries for RNA sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were revealed and included in the functional enrichment analysis. Co-expression analysis was conducted between these differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs, followed by target gene prediction of differentially expressed lncRNAs. In addition, lncRNA-microRNA and lncRNA-transcription factor-mRNA interaction networks were constructed to further elaborate the pathological changes in medial rectus muscle of ONP. Furthermore, RT-qPCR was applied to further validate the expression levels of important lncRNAs and mRNAs, whose clinical significance was examined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results A total of 618 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 322 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. The up-regulated mRNAs were significantly related to cholinergic synaptic transmission (such as CHRM3 and CHRND) and the components and metabolism of extracellular matrix (such as CHI3L1 and COL19A1), while the down-regulated mRNAs were significantly correlated with the composition (such as MYH7 and MYL3) and contraction force (such as MYH7 and TNNT1) of muscle fibers. Co-expression analysis and target gene prediction revealed the strong correlation between MYH7 and NR_126491.1 as well as MYOD1 and ENST00000524479. Moreover, the differential expressions of lncRNAs (XR_001739409.1, NR_024160.1 and XR_001738373.1) and mRNAs (CDKN1A, MYOG, MYOD1, MYBPH, TMEM64, STATH, and MYL3) were validated by RT-qPCR. ROC curve analysis showed that lncRNAs (XR_001739409.1, NR_024160.1, and NR_002766.2) and mRNAs (CDKN1A, MYOG, MYOD1, MYBPH, TMEM64, and STATH) might be promising biomarkers of ONP. Conclusions These results may shed light on the molecular biology of EOMs of ONP, as well as the possible correlation of lncRNAs and mRNAs with clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqun Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingsu Shi
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqiu Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Bian
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Zhuo
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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Suzuki S, Tanaka S, Kametani Y, Umeda A, Nishinaka K, Egawa K, Okada Y, Obana M, Fujio Y. Runx1 is upregulated by STAT3 and promotes proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15872. [PMID: 38040660 PMCID: PMC10691971 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Though it is well known that mammalian cardiomyocytes exit cell cycle soon after birth, the mechanisms that regulate proliferation remain to be fully elucidated. Recent studies reported that cardiomyocytes undergo dedifferentiation before proliferation, indicating the importance of dedifferentiation in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Since Runx1 is expressed in dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes, Runx1 is widely used as a dedifferentiation marker of cardiomyocytes; however, little is known about the role of Runx1 in the proliferation of cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this study was to clarify the functional significance of Runx1 in cardiomyocyte proliferation. qRT-PCR analysis and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that Runx1 expression was upregulated in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes when cultured in the presence of FBS. Similarly, STAT3 was activated in the presence of FBS. Interestingly, knockdown of STAT3 significantly decreased Runx1 expression, indicating Runx1 is regulated by STAT3. We next investigated the effect of Runx1 on proliferation. Immunofluorescence microscopic analysis using an anti-Ki-67 antibody revealed that knockdown of Runx1 decreased the ratio of proliferating cardiomyocytes. Conversely, Runx1 overexpression using adenovirus vector induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in the absence of FBS. Finally, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Runx1 overexpression induced upregulation of cardiac fetal genes and downregulation of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation. Collectively, Runx1 is regulated by STAT3 and induces cardiomyocyte proliferation by juvenilizing cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Yusuke Kametani
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Ayaka Umeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Kosuke Nishinaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Kaho Egawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER)Osaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER)Osaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI)Osaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics (MEI)Osaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER)Osaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI)Osaka UniversitySuita CityOsakaJapan
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5
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Wu B, Gao X, Hu M, Hu J, Lan T, Xue T, Xu W, Zhu C, Yuan Y, Zheng J, Qin T, Xin P, Li Y, Gong L, Feng C, He S, Liu H, Li H, Wang Q, Ma Z, Qiu Q, Wang K. Distinct and shared endothermic strategies in the heat producing tissues of tuna and other teleosts. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2629-2645. [PMID: 37273070 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most fishes are ectothermic, some, including tuna and billfish, achieve endothermy through specialized heat producing tissues that are modified muscles. How these heat producing tissues evolved, and whether they share convergent molecular mechanisms, remain unresolved. Here, we generated a high-quality genome from the mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and investigated the heat producing tissues of this fish by single-nucleus and bulk RNA sequencing. Compared with other teleosts, tuna-specific genetic variation is strongly associated with muscle differentiation. Single-nucleus RNA-seq revealed a high proportion of specific slow skeletal muscle cell subtypes in the heat producing tissues of tuna. Marker genes of this cell subtype are associated with the relative sliding of actin and myosin, suggesting that tuna endothermy is mainly based on shivering thermogenesis. In contrast, cross-species transcriptome analysis indicated that endothermy in billfish relies mainly on non-shivering thermogenesis. Nevertheless, the heat producing tissues of the different species do share some tissue-specific genes, including vascular-related and mitochondrial genes. Overall, although tunas and billfishes differ in their thermogenic strategies, they share similar expression patterns in some respects, highlighting the complexity of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Mingling Hu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jing Hu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Tianming Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Tingfeng Xue
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chenglong Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiangmin Zheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tao Qin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peidong Xin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Li Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Chenguang Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shunping He
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Haimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Cao H, Yang P, Liu J, Shao Y, Li H, Lai P, Wang H, Liu A, Guo B, Tang Y, Bai X, Li K. MYL3 protects chondrocytes from senescence by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activating of Notch signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6190. [PMID: 37794006 PMCID: PMC10550997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the unique cell type in articular cartilage, chondrocyte senescence is a crucial cellular event contributing to osteoarthritis development. Here we show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activation of Notch signaling promotes chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis development, which is negatively regulated by myosin light chain 3. Myosin light chain 3 (MYL3) protein levels decline sharply in senescent chondrocytes of cartilages from model mice and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Conditional deletion of Myl3 in chondrocytes significantly promoted, whereas intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus overexpressing MYL3 delayed, OA progression in male mice. MYL3 deficiency led to enhanced clathrin-mediated endocytosis by promoting the interaction between myosin VI and clathrin, further inducing the internalization of Notch and resulting in activation of Notch signaling in chondrocytes. Pharmacologic blockade of clathrin-mediated endocytosis-Notch signaling prevented MYL3 loss-induced chondrocyte senescence and alleviated OA progression in male mice. Our results establish a previously unknown mechanism essential for cellular senescence and provide a potential therapeutic direction for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cao
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinglin Lai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neuropathic Pain Mechanism at Spinal Cord Level, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Quedan D, Singh R, Akel A, Bernardino AL, Thang C, Bhaskaruni M, Haldankar A, Tanner BCW, Root DD. Cooperative & competitive binding of anti-myosin tail antibodies revealed by super-resolution microscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109753. [PMID: 37714251 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The MF30 monoclonal antibody, which binds to the myosin subfragment-2 (S2), was found to increase the extent of myofibril shortening. Yet, previous observations found no effect of this antibody on actin sliding over myosin during in vitro motility assays with purified proteins in which myosin binding protein C (MyBPC) was absent. MF30 is hypothesized to enhance the availability of myosin heads (subfragment-1 or S1) to bind actin by destabilizing the myosin S2 coiled-coil and sterically blocking S2 from binding S1. The mechanism of action likely includes MF30's substantial size, thereby inhibiting S1 heads and MyBPC from binding S2. Hypothetically, MF30 should enhance the ON state of myosin, thereby increasing muscle contraction. Our findings indicate that MF30 binds preferentially to the unfolded heavy chains of S2, displaying positive cooperativity. However, the dose-response curve of MF30's enhancement of myofibril shortening did not suggest complex interactions with S2. Single, double, and triple-stained myofibrils with increasing amounts of antibodies against myosin rods indicate a possible competition with MyBPC. Additional assays revealed decreased fluorescence intensity at the C-zone (central zone in the sarcomere, where MyBPC is located), where MyBPC may inhibit MF30 binding. Another monoclonal antibody named MF20, which binds to the light meromyosin (LMM) without affecting myofibril contraction, showed less reduction in fluorescence intensity at the C-zone in expansion microscopy than MF30. Expansion microscopy images of myofibrils labeled with MF20 revealed labeling of the A-band (anisotropic band) and a slight reduction in the labeling at the C-zone. The staining pattern obtained from the expansion microscopy image was consistent with images from photolocalization microscopy which required the synthesis of unique photoactivatable quantum dots, and Zeiss Airyscan imaging as well as alternative expansion microscopy digestion methods. Consistent with the hypothesis that MF30 competes with MyBPC binding to S2, cardiac tissue from MyBPC knockout mice was stained more intensely, especially in the C-zone, by MF30 compared to the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dua'a Quedan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Amal Akel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Andrea L Bernardino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Christopher Thang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Mithilesh Bhaskaruni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Anushka Haldankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Bertrand C W Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Douglas D Root
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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8
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Grinzato A, Auguin D, Kikuti C, Nandwani N, Moussaoui D, Pathak D, Kandiah E, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA, Houdusse A, Robert-Paganin J. Cryo-EM structure of the folded-back state of human β-cardiac myosin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.15.536999. [PMID: 37131793 PMCID: PMC10153137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.15.536999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During normal levels of exertion, many cardiac muscle myosin heads are sequestered in an off-state even during systolic contraction to save energy and for precise regulation. They can be converted to an on-state when exertion is increased. Hypercontractility caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) myosin mutations is often the result of shifting the equilibrium toward more heads in the on-state. The off-state is equated with a folded-back structure known as the interacting head motif (IHM), which is a regulatory feature of all muscle myosins and class-2 non-muscle myosins. We report here the human β-cardiac myosin IHM structure to 3.6 Å resolution. The structure shows that the interfaces are hot spots of HCM mutations and reveals details of the significant interactions. Importantly, the structures of cardiac and smooth muscle myosin IHMs are dramatically different. This challenges the concept that the IHM structure is conserved in all muscle types and opens new perspectives in the understanding of muscle physiology. The cardiac IHM structure has been the missing puzzle piece to fully understand the development of inherited cardiomyopathies. This work will pave the way for the development of new molecules able to stabilize or destabilize the IHM in a personalized medicine approach. *This manuscript was submitted to Nature Communications in August 2022 and dealt efficiently by the editors. All reviewers received this version of the manuscript before 9 208 August 2022. They also received coordinates and maps of our high resolution structure on the 18 208 August 2022. Due to slowness of at least one reviewer, this contribution was delayed for acceptance by Nature Communications and we are now depositing in bioRxiv the originally submitted version written in July 2022 for everyone to see. Indeed, two bioRxiv contributions at lower resolution but adding similar concepts on thick filament regulation were deposited this week in bioRxiv, one of the contributions having had access to our coordinates. We hope that our data at high resolution will be helpful for all readers that appreciate that high resolution information is required to build accurate atomic models and discuss implications for sarcomere regulation and the effects of cardiomyopathy mutations on heart muscle function.
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9
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Yu Y, Fang R, Jin H, Wang B, Gao F, He B. Correlation between Serum Myosin Light Chain 4 Levels and Recurrence after Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Int Heart J 2023; 64:632-640. [PMID: 37518344 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia that is harmful to human health. This study aims to explore the relationship between myosin light chain 4 (MYL4) and AF recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Patients with AF (n = 85) were enrolled, and healthy subjects (n = 90) with normal sinus rhythm and no previous history of AF were selected as controls. The serum levels of MYL4, transforming growth factor (TGF) -β1, and procollagen type-I C-terminal propeptide (PICP) were determined. The correlation between MYL4 and atrial fibrosis remodeling indicators (TGF-β1/PICP) and left atrial diameter (LAD) was analyzed. The influence of MYL4 on AF recurrence after RFA was evaluated, and the independent correlation between them was assessed. Patients with AF and the controls showed no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, white blood cell count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, brain natriuretic peptide, and history of smoking, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes (P > 0.05), but with increased LAD in patients with AF (P < 0.01). Serum MYL4 level was reduced in patients with AF (0.6 ± 0.2) compared with that of controls (0.1 ± 0.6) (P < 0.01), and it was negatively correlated with TGF-β1, PICP, and LAD (r = -0.2389, P < 0.05; r = -0.5174, P < 0.01; r = -0.3191; P < 0.01). Low levels of MYL4 increased the risk of AF recurrence after RFA (χ2 = 16.64; P < 0.0001). A low MYL4 level in patients with AF showed a poorer prognosis. Serum MYL4 level and AF type were independent risk factors affecting AF recurrence after RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital
| | | | - He Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital
| | - Binhao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital
| | - Bin He
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital
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10
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Osten J, Mohebbi M, Uta P, Matinmehr F, Wang T, Kraft T, Amrute-Nayak M, Scholz T. Myosin essential light chain 1sa decelerates actin and thin filament gliding on β-myosin molecules. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213440. [PMID: 36053243 PMCID: PMC9441736 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-myosin heavy chain expressed in ventricular myocardium and the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in slow-twitch skeletal Musculus soleus (M. soleus) type-I fibers are both encoded by MYH7. Thus, these myosin molecules are deemed equivalent. However, some reports suggested variations in the light chain composition between M. soleus and ventricular myosin, which could influence functional parameters, such as maximum velocity of shortening. To test for functional differences of the actin gliding velocity on immobilized myosin molecules, we made use of in vitro motility assays. We found that ventricular myosin moved actin filaments with ∼0.9 µm/s significantly faster than M. soleus myosin (0.3 µm/s). Filaments prepared from isolated actin are not the native interaction partner of myosin and are believed to slow down movement. Yet, using native thin filaments purified from M. soleus or ventricular tissue, the gliding velocity of M. soleus and ventricular myosin remained significantly different. When comparing the light chain composition of ventricular and M. soleus β-myosin, a difference became evident. M. soleus myosin contains not only the "ventricular" essential light chain (ELC) MLC1sb/v, but also an additional longer and more positively charged MLC1sa. Moreover, we revealed that on a single muscle fiber level, a higher relative content of MLC1sa was associated with significantly slower actin gliding. We conclude that the ELC MLC1sa decelerates gliding velocity presumably by a decreased dissociation rate from actin associated with a higher actin affinity compared to MLC1sb/v. Such ELC/actin interactions might also be relevant in vivo as differences between M. soleus and ventricular myosin persisted when native thin filaments were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Osten
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maral Mohebbi
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Uta
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faramarz Matinmehr
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tianbang Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mamta Amrute-Nayak
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Scholz
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Correspondence to Tim Scholz:
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11
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Mechanisms of the modulation of actin-myosin interactions by A1-type myosin light chains. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130132. [PMID: 35307509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of N-terminal extension of the myosin A1 essential light chain (A1 ELC) with actin is receiving increasing attention as a target in utilizing synthetic A1 ELC N-terminal-derived peptides in cardiac dysfunction therapy. METHODS To elucidate the mechanism by which these peptides regulate actin-myosin interaction, here we have investigated their effects on the myosin subfragment 1 (S1)-induced polymerization of G-actin. RESULTS The MLCFpep and MLCSpep peptides spanning the 3-12 of A1 ELC sequences from fast and slow skeletal muscle, respectively, increased the rate of actin polymerization not only by S1(A2) but also the rate of S1(A1)-induced actin polymerization, suggesting that they did not interfere with the direct binding of A1 ELC with actin. The efficiency of actin polymerization in the presence of the N-terminal ELC peptides depended on their sequence. Substitution of aspartic acid for neutral asparagine at position 5 of MLCFpep dramatically enhanced its ability to stimulate S1-induced polymerization and enabled it to initiate polymerization of G-actin in the absence of S1. CONCLUSIONS These and other results presented in this work suggest that the modulation of myosin motor activity by N-terminal ELC peptides is exerted through a change in actin filament conformation rather than through blocking the A1 ELC-actin interaction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results imply the possibility of enhancing therapeutic effects of these peptides by modifications of their sequence.
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12
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Banaszkiewicz M, Olejnik A, Krzywonos-Zawadzka A, Hałucha K, Bil-Lula I. Expression of atrial‑fetal light chains in cultured human cardiomyocytes after chemical ischemia‑reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:770. [PMID: 34490485 PMCID: PMC8430302 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial light chains (ALC1) are naturally present in adult heart atria, while ventricular light chains (VLC1) are predominant in ventricles. Degradation of VLC1 and re-expression of ALC1 in heart ventricles are associated with heart disorders in response to pressure overload. The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in myosin light chain expression after simulated ischemia and simulated reperfusion (sI/sR). Human cardiomyocytes (HCM) isolated from adult heart ventricles were subjected to chemical ischemia. The control group was maintained under aerobic conditions. Myocyte injury was determined by testing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The gene expression of ALC1, VLC1 and MMP-2 were assessed by reverse transcription-quatitive PCR. Additionally, protein synthesis was measured using ELISA kits and MMP-2 activity was measured by zymography. The results revealed that LDH activity was increased in sI/sR cell-conditioned medium (P=0.02), confirming the ischemic damage of HCM. ALC1 gene expression and content in HCM were also increased in the sI/sR group (P=0.03 and P<0.001, respectively), while VLC1 gene expression after sI/sR was decreased (P=0.008). Furthermore, MMP-2 gene expression and synthesis were lower in the sI/sR group when compared with the aerobic control group (P<0.001 and P=0.03, respectively). MMP-2 activity was also increased in sI/sR cell-conditioned medium (P=0.006). In conclusion, sI/sR treatment led to increased ALC1 and decreased VLC1 expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes, which may constitute an adaptive mechanism to altered conditions and contribute to the improvement of heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Banaszkiewicz
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krzywonos-Zawadzka
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kornela Hałucha
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Morla S, Deguchi H, Griffin JH. Skeletal muscle myosin and cardiac myosin attenuate heparin's antithrombin-dependent anticoagulant activity. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:470-477. [PMID: 33176060 PMCID: PMC7902397 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin enhances the ability of the plasma protease inhibitor, antithrombin, to neutralize coagulation factor Xa and thrombin. Skeletal muscle myosin binds unfractionated heparin. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of myosin binding to heparin on antithrombin's anticoagulant activity. METHODS Inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin by antithrombin in the presence of different heparins and skeletal muscle myosin or cardiac myosin was studied by measuring inhibition of each enzyme's chromogenic substrate hydrolysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle myosin and cardiac myosin neutralized unfractionated heparin's enhancement of antithrombin's inhibition of purified factor Xa and thrombin. Skeletal muscle myosin also reduced the inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin by antithrombin in the presence of heparan sulfate. These two myosins did not protect factor Xa from antithrombin inhibition when tested in the presence of smaller heparins (eg, low molecular weight heparin, heparin pentasaccharide). This chain length dependence for skeletal muscle myosin's ability to reduce heparin's anticoagulant activity might have potential implications for therapy for patients who experience increases in plasma myosin levels (eg, acute trauma patients). In addition to the chain length, the type and extent of sulfation of glycosaminoglycans influenced the ability of skeletal muscle myosin to neutralize the polysaccharide's ability to enhance antithrombin's activity. In summary, these studies show that skeletal muscle myosin and cardiac myosin can influence antithrombin's anticoagulant activity against factor Xa and thrombin, implying that they may significantly influence the hemostatic balance involving bleeding vs clotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Morla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hiroshi Deguchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego CA 92094
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14
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Alpha and beta myosin isoforms and human atrial and ventricular contraction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7309-7337. [PMID: 34704115 PMCID: PMC8629898 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human atrial and ventricular contractions have distinct mechanical characteristics including speed of contraction, volume of blood delivered and the range of pressure generated. Notably, the ventricle expresses predominantly β-cardiac myosin while the atrium expresses mostly the α-isoform. In recent years exploration of the properties of pure α- & β-myosin isoforms have been possible in solution, in isolated myocytes and myofibrils. This allows us to consider the extent to which the atrial vs ventricular mechanical characteristics are defined by the myosin isoform expressed, and how the isoform properties are matched to their physiological roles. To do this we Outline the essential feature of atrial and ventricular contraction; Explore the molecular structural and functional characteristics of the two myosin isoforms; Describe the contractile behaviour of myocytes and myofibrils expressing a single myosin isoform; Finally we outline the outstanding problems in defining the differences between the atria and ventricles. This allowed us consider what features of contraction can and cannot be ascribed to the myosin isoforms present in the atria and ventricles.
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15
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Autosomal recessive cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death associated with variants in MYL3. Genet Med 2020; 23:787-792. [PMID: 33288880 PMCID: PMC8026398 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variants in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins are the most common cause of inherited cardiomyopathies. However, the underlying genetic cause remains unknown in many cases. We used exome sequencing to reveal the genetic etiology in patients with recessive familial cardiomyopathy. Methods Exome sequencing was carried out in three consanguineous families. Functional assessment of the variants was performed. Results Affected individuals presented with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy of variable severity from infantile- to early adulthood–onset and sudden cardiac death. We identified a homozygous missense substitution (c.170C>A, p.[Ala57Asp]), a homozygous translation stop codon variant (c.106G>T, p.[Glu36Ter]), and a presumable homozygous essential splice acceptor variant (c.482-1G>A, predicted to result in skipping of exon 5). Morpholino knockdown of the MYL3 orthologue in zebrafish, cmlc1, resulted in compromised cardiac function, which could not be rescued by reintroduction of MYL3 carrying either the nonsense c.106G>T or the missense c.170C>A variants. Minigene assay of the c.482-1G>A variant indicated a splicing defect likely resulting in disruption of the EF-hand Ca2+ binding domains. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that homozygous MYL3 loss-of-function variants can cause of recessive cardiomyopathy and occurrence of sudden cardiac death, most likely due to impaired or loss of myosin essential light chain function.
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16
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Tissue Expression of Atrial and Ventricular Myosin Light Chains in the Mechanism of Adaptation to Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218384. [PMID: 33182231 PMCID: PMC7664899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces post-translational modifications of myosin light chains (MLCs), increasing their susceptibility to degradation by matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). This results in the degradation of ventricular light chains (VLC1) in heart ventricles. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in MLCs content in the mechanism of adaptation to oxidative stress during I/R. Rat hearts, perfused using the Langendorff method, were subjected to I/R. The control group was maintained in oxygen conditions. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) content were measured in coronary effluents. Atrial light chains (ALC1) and ventricular light chains (VLC1) gene expression were examined using RQ-PCR. ALC1 and VLC1 protein content were measured using ELISA tests. MMP-2 activity was assessed by zymography. LDH activity as well as ROS/RNS content in coronary effluents was higher in the I/R group (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively), confirming heart injury due to increased oxidative stress. MMP-2 activity in heart homogenates was also higher in the I/R group (p = 0.04). ALC1 gene expression and protein synthesis were significantly increased in I/R ventricles (p < 0.01, 0.04, respectively). VLC1 content in coronary effluents was increased in the I/R group (p = 0.02), confirming the increased degradation of VLC1 by MMP-2 and probably an adaptive production of ALC1 during I/R. This mechanism of adaptation to oxidative stress led to improved heart mechanical function.
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17
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Frawley RP, Witt KL, Cunny H, Germolec DR, Jackson-Humbles D, Malarkey D, Shockley KR, Stout M, Travlos G, Buccellato M, Fallacara D, Harris S, Kissling GE, Manheng W, Surh II, White K, Auerbach SS. Evaluation of 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline (MNA) in hypersensitivity, 14-day subacute, reproductive, and genotoxicity studies. Toxicology 2020; 441:152474. [PMID: 32380031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
2-Methoxy-4-nitroaniline (MNA), an intermediate in the synthesis of azo dyes used in textiles and paints, is structurally similar to carcinogenic anilines. Human exposure occurs primarily in the occupational setting through handling of dye dust, and through use and disposal of MNA-containing products. MNA has been reported to induce contact hypersensitivity in a human, myocardial necrosis in rats, and bacterial mutagenicity. This study assessed the subacute toxicity, genotoxicity, contact hypersensitivity, and reproductive toxicity of MNA in rodents in an effort to more fully characterize its toxicological profile. B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to 0, 650, 1250, 2500, 5000, or 10,000 ppm MNA by dosed feed for 14-days to evaluate subacute toxicity and histopathological endpoints. In female mice, decreased body weight (13.5 %) and absolute kidney weight (14.8 %), compared to control, were observed at 10,000 ppm MNA; increased relative liver weight (10-12 %), compared to control, occurred at 5,000-10,000 ppm MNA. In male mice, absolute (15 %) and relative liver weights (9-13 %) were increased at 2,500-5,000 ppm and 1250-10,000 ppm MNA, compared to control, respectively. In both sexes of mice, minimal elevations of hemosiderin pigmentation (a breakdown product of erythrocytes), relative to control, were observed in the liver (10,000 ppm); minimal to moderate elevations of hemosiderin pigmentation (5,000-10,000 ppm) and minimal increases in hematopoietic cell proliferation occurred in the spleen (≥ 1250 ppm). In a reproductive toxicity study, timed-mated female Harlan Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 0-10,000 ppm MNA by dosed feed from gestation day 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21. Decreases in mean litter weights were observed at 5000 ppm MNA, compared to control, beginning at PND1. To evaluate potential contact hypersensitivity, MNA (2.5-50 %, in dimethylformamide) was applied to the dorsa of both ears of female Balb/c mice once daily for three days. The increase observed in lymph node cell proliferation (10-50 % increase in thymidine uptake compared to control) did not reproducibly achieve the Sensitization Index (SI) 3 level, and there was no ear swelling evident following sensitization with 10-50 % MNA and challenge with 25 % MNA in the mouse ear swelling test. In bacterial mutagenicity assays, MNA (250-1000 μg/plate) induced significant increases, compared to control, in mutant colonies with and without metabolic activation enzymes in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98. These data indicate that MNA is genotoxic, and may induce erythrocyte damage and reactive phagocytosis by macrophages in the liver and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Frawley
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Kristine L Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Helen Cunny
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Daven Jackson-Humbles
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David Malarkey
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Matthew Stout
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Greg Travlos
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | | | - Shawn Harris
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., 4505 Emperor Blvd, Suite 400, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Wimolnut Manheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Medical Center, 1201 E Marchall ST #4-100, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Irene Inok Surh
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kimber White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Medical Center, 1201 E Marchall ST #4-100, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Scott S Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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Gerber SD, Beauchamp P, Zhuang L, Villiger PM, Trueb B. Functional domains of the FgfrL1 receptor. Dev Biol 2020; 461:43-54. [PMID: 31923383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
FgfrL1 is a novel growth factor receptor that is primarily expressed in musculoskeletal tissues and the kidney. FgfrL1-deficient mice have a malformed diaphragm and no kidneys. Such animals die immediately after birth because they are not able to inflate their lungs. The FgfrL1 molecule is composed of three extracellular Ig domains, a transmembrane helix and a short intracellular domain. To investigate the contribution of each of these domains to the function of the novel receptor, we generated mice with deletions of the individual domains. Mice lacking the intracellular domain are viable and phenotypically normal. Mice lacking the first (N-terminal) Ig domain are also viable and normal, but have a reduced life span. Mice lacking the Ig2 or the Ig3 domain are born alive, but die within 24 h after birth. Ig2-deficient animals exhibit substantially smaller kidneys than wild-type littermates and contain a lower number of glomeruli. Ig3-deficient mice completely lack metanephric kidneys. Interestingly, both the Ig2 and the Ig3-deficient animals show only minor alterations in the diaphragm, which still enables them to inflate their lungs after birth. Our results demonstrate that the principal function of the FgfrL1 receptor is to control the growth of the metanephric kidneys by regulating nephrogenesis. It appears that this function is primarily accomplished by the Ig3 domain with some contribution of the Ig2 domain. It is conceivable that the two domains interact with an Fgf ligand and another molecule from the surface of neighboring cells to induce condensation of the metanephric mesenchyme to renal epithelia and glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Gerber
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Beauchamp
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Villiger
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Trueb
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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19
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Zilberman-Rudenko J, Deguchi H, Shukla M, Oyama Y, Orje JN, Guo Z, Wyseure T, Mosnier LO, McCarty OJT, Ruggeri ZM, Eckle T, Griffin JH. Cardiac Myosin Promotes Thrombin Generation and Coagulation In Vitro and In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:901-913. [PMID: 32102568 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac myosin (CM) is structurally similar to skeletal muscle myosin, which has procoagulant activity. Here, we evaluated CM's ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro activities related to hemostasis and thrombosis. Approach and Results: Perfusion of fresh human blood over CM-coated surfaces caused thrombus formation and fibrin deposition. Addition of CM to blood passing over collagen-coated surfaces enhanced fibrin formation. In a murine ischemia/reperfusion injury model, exogenous CM, when administered intravenously, augmented myocardial infarction and troponin I release. In hemophilia A mice, intravenously administered CM reduced tail-cut-initiated bleeding. These data provide proof of concept for CM's in vivo procoagulant properties. In vitro studies clarified some mechanisms for CM's procoagulant properties. Thrombin generation assays showed that CM, like skeletal muscle myosin, enhanced thrombin generation in human platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasmas and also in mixtures of purified factors Xa, Va, and prothrombin. Binding studies showed that CM, like skeletal muscle myosin, directly binds factor Xa, supporting the concept that the CM surface is a site for prothrombinase assembly. In tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator)-induced plasma clot lysis assays, CM was antifibrinolytic due to robust CM-dependent thrombin generation that enhanced activation of TAFI (thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS CM in vitro is procoagulant and prothrombotic. CM in vivo can augment myocardial damage and can be prohemostatic in the presence of bleeding. CM's procoagulant and antifibrinolytic activities likely involve, at least in part, its ability to bind factor Xa and enhance thrombin generation. Future work is needed to clarify CM's pathophysiology and its mechanistic influences on hemostasis or thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenia Zilberman-Rudenko
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.Z.-R., O.J.T.M.), School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Hiroshi Deguchi
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.)
| | - Meenal Shukla
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.)
| | - Yoshimasa Oyama
- Department of Hematology-Oncology (O.J.T.M.), School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Jennifer N Orje
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.)
| | - Zihan Guo
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.)
| | - Tine Wyseure
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.)
| | - Laurent O Mosnier
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.)
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.Z.-R., O.J.T.M.), School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.)
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Hematology-Oncology (O.J.T.M.), School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - John H Griffin
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.Z.-R., H.D., M.S., J.N.O., Z.G., T.W., L.O.M., Z.M.R., J.H.G.).,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (Y.O., T.E.)
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20
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Sitbon YH, Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Yadav S, Veerasammy M, Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Szczesna-Cordary D. Ablation of the N terminus of cardiac essential light chain promotes the super-relaxed state of myosin and counteracts hypercontractility in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutant mice. FEBS J 2020; 287:3989-4004. [PMID: 32034976 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we focus on the molecular mechanisms associated with the A57G (Ala57-to-Gly57) mutation in myosin essential light chains (ELCs), found to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in humans and in mice. Specifically, we studied the effects of A57G on the super-relaxed (SRX) state of myosin that may contribute to the hypercontractile cross-bridge behavior and ultimately lead to pathological cardiac remodeling in transgenic Tg-A57G mice. The disease model was compared to Tg-WT mice, expressing the wild-type human ventricular ELC, and analyzed against Tg-Δ43 mice, expressing the N-terminally truncated ELC, whose hearts hypertrophy with time but do not show any abnormalities in cardiac morphology or function. Our data suggest a new role for the N terminus of cardiac ELC (N-ELC) in modulation of myosin cross-bridge function in the healthy as well as in HCM myocardium. The lack of N-ELC in Tg-Δ43 mice was found to significantly stabilize the SRX state of myosin and increase the number of myosin heads occupying a low-energy state. In agreement, Δ43 hearts showed significantly decreased ATP utilization and low actin-activated myosin ATPase compared with A57G and WT hearts. The hypercontractile activity of A57G-ELC cross-bridges was manifested by the inhibition of the SRX state, increased number of myosin heads available for interaction with actin, and higher ATPase activity. Fiber mechanics studies, echocardiography examination, and assessment of fibrosis confirmed the development of two distinct forms of cardiac remodeling in these two ELC mouse models, with pathological cardiac hypertrophy in Tg-A57G, and near physiologic cardiac growth in Tg-Δ43 animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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21
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Pott A, Rottbauer W, Just S. Streamlining drug discovery assays for cardiovascular disease using zebrafish. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:27-37. [PMID: 31570020 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1671351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In the last decade, our armamentarium of cardiovascular drug therapy has expanded significantly. Using innovative functional genomics strategies such as genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 as well as high-throughput assays to identify bioactive small chemical compounds has significantly facilitated elaboration of the underlying pathomechanism in various cardiovascular diseases. However, despite scientific progress approvals for cardiovascular drugs has stagnated significantly compared to other fields of drug discovery and therapy during the past years.Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the aspects and pitfalls during the early phase of cardiovascular drug discovery and describe the advantages of zebrafish as an in vivo organism to model human cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as an in vivo platform for high-throughput chemical compound screening. They also highlight the emerging, promising techniques of automated read-out systems during high-throughput screening (HTS) for the evaluation of important cardiac functional parameters in zebrafish with the potential to streamline CVD drug discovery.Expert opinion: The successful identification of novel drugs to treat CVD is a major challenge in modern biomedical and clinical research. In this context, the definition of the etiologic fundamentals of human cardiovascular diseases is the prerequisite for an efficient and straightforward drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Molecular Cardiology, Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Zhong Y, Tang K, Li H, Zhao D, Kou W, Xu S, Zhang J, Yang H, Li S, Guo R, Peng W, Xu Y. Rs4968309 in Myosin Light Chain 4 (MYL4) Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Onset and Predicts Clinical Outcomes After Catheter Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Without Structural Heart Disease. Circ J 2019; 83:1994-2001. [PMID: 31406021 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia with serious complications and a high rate of recurrence after catheter ablation. Recently, mutation ofMYL4was reported as responsible for familial atrial cardiomyopathy and AF. This study aimed to determine the association between polymorphism inMYL4with the onset and recurrence of AF.Methods and Results:A total of 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected by linkage disequilibrium and genotyped in 510 consecutive AF patients and 192 controls without structural heart disease. A total of 246 AF patients who underwent cryoballoon ablation had a 1-year scheduled follow-up study for AF recurrence. C allele and CC genotype of rs4968309 and A allele of rs1515751were associated with AF onset both before and after adjustment of covariation (age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes). AF type and left atrial size were different among the genotypes of rs4968309. Moreover, CC genotype of rs4968309 increased susceptibly of AF recurrence after cryoballoon ablation. The prevalence of hypertension was associated with rs1515752, and left atrial size was associated with the genotype of rs2071438. CONCLUSIONS C allele and CC genotype of rs4968309 inMYL4were associated with AF onset and recurrence. Moreover, the A allele of rs1515751 had a significant association with AF onset. The polymorphisms ofMYL4can predict AF onset and prognosis after ablation in AF patients without structural heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Wenxin Kou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Shaojie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Haotian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
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23
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Sitbon YH, Yadav S, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D. Insights into myosin regulatory and essential light chains: a focus on their roles in cardiac and skeletal muscle function, development and disease. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:313-327. [PMID: 31131433 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activity of cardiac and skeletal muscles depends upon the ATP-coupled actin-myosin interactions to execute the power stroke and muscle contraction. The goal of this review article is to provide insight into the function of myosin II, the molecular motor of the heart and skeletal muscles, with a special focus on the role of myosin II light chain (MLC) components. Specifically, we focus on the involvement of myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains in striated muscle development, isoform appearance and their function in normal and diseased muscle. We review the consequences of isoform switching and knockout of specific MLC isoforms on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in various animal models. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of specific RLC/ELC isoforms can lead to cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases and summarize the effects of most studied mutations leading to cardiac or skeletal myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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24
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Ravenscroft G, Zaharieva IT, Bortolotti CA, Lambrughi M, Pignataro M, Borsari M, Sewry CA, Phadke R, Haliloglu G, Ong R, Goullée H, Whyte T, Consortium UK, Manzur A, Talim B, Kaya U, Osborn DPS, Forrest ARR, Laing NG, Muntoni F. Bi-allelic mutations in MYL1 cause a severe congenital myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:4263-4272. [PMID: 30215711 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital myopathies are typically characterised by early onset hypotonia, weakness and hallmark features on biopsy. Despite the rapid pace of gene discovery, ∼50% of patients with a congenital myopathy remain without a genetic diagnosis following screening of known disease genes. We performed exome sequencing on two consanguineous probands diagnosed with a congenital myopathy and muscle biopsy showing selective atrophy/hypotrophy or absence of type II myofibres. We identified variants in the gene (MYL1) encoding the skeletal muscle fast-twitch specific myosin essential light chain (ELC) in both probands. A homozygous essential splice acceptor variant (c.479-2A > G, predicted to result in skipping of exon 5 was identified in Proband 1, and a homozygous missense substitution (c.488T>G, p.(Met163Arg)) was identified in Proband 2. Protein modelling of the p.(Met163Arg) substitution predicted it might impede intermolecular interactions that facilitate binding to the IQ domain of myosin heavy chain, thus likely impacting on the structure and functioning of the myosin motor. MYL1 was markedly reduced in skeletal muscle from both probands, suggesting that the missense substitution likely results in an unstable protein. Knock down of myl1 in zebrafish resulted in abnormal morphology, disrupted muscle structure and impaired touch-evoked escape responses, thus confirming that skeletal muscle fast-twitch specific myosin ELC is critical for myofibre development and function. Our data implicate MYL1 as a crucial protein for adequate skeletal muscle function and that MYL1 deficiency is associated with severe congenital myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia
| | - Irina T Zaharieva
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carlo A Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pignataro
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Caroline A Sewry
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rahul Phadke
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Goknur Haliloglu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Royston Ong
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia
| | - Hayley Goullée
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia
| | - Tamieka Whyte
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Adnan Manzur
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Beril Talim
- Pediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ulkuhan Kaya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Daniel P S Osborn
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA, Australia
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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25
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Yadav S, Sitbon YH, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D. Hereditary heart disease: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and animal models of HCM, RCM, and DCM associated with mutations in cardiac myosin light chains. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:683-699. [PMID: 30706179 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies, a group of cardiovascular disorders based on ventricular morphology and function, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Such genetically driven forms of hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies are chronic, debilitating diseases that result from biomechanical defects in cardiac muscle contraction and frequently progress to heart failure (HF). Locus and allelic heterogeneity, as well as clinical variability combined with genetic and phenotypic overlap between different cardiomyopathies, have challenged proper clinical prognosis and provided an incentive for identification of pathogenic variants. This review attempts to provide an overview of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on their genetic etiology in myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains, which are EF-hand protein family members with important structural and regulatory roles. From the clinical discovery of cardiomyopathy-linked light chain mutations in patients to an array of exploratory studies in animals, and reconstituted and recombinant systems, we have summarized the current state of knowledge on light chain mutations and how they induce physiological disease states via biochemical and biomechanical alterations at the molecular, tissue, and organ levels. Cardiac myosin RLC phosphorylation and the N-terminus ELC have been discussed as two important emerging modalities with important implications in the regulation of myosin motor function, and thus cardiac performance. A comprehensive understanding of such triggers is absolutely necessary for the development of target-specific rescue strategies to ameliorate or reverse the effects of myosin light chain-related inherited cardiomyopathies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mutation
- Myosin Light Chains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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26
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Dai Q, Likes CE, Luz AL, Mao L, Yeh JS, Wei Z, Kuchibhatla M, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Price TM. A Mitochondrial Progesterone Receptor Increases Cardiac Beta-Oxidation and Remodeling. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:446-467. [PMID: 30746505 PMCID: PMC6364628 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone is primarily a pregnancy-related hormone, produced in substantial quantities after ovulation and during gestation. Traditionally known to function via nuclear receptors for transcriptional regulation, there is also evidence of nonnuclear action. A previously identified mitochondrial progesterone receptor (PR-M) increases cellular respiration in cell models. In these studies, we demonstrated that expression of PR-M in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes resulted in a ligand-dependent increase in oxidative cellular respiration and beta-oxidation. Cardiac expression in a TET-On transgenic mouse resulted in gene expression of myofibril proteins for remodeling and proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism. In a model of increased afterload from constant transverse aortic constriction, mice expressing PR-M showed a ligand-dependent preservation of cardiac function. From these observations, we propose that PR-M is responsible for progesterone-induced increases in cellular energy production and cardiac remodeling to meet the physiological demands of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunsheng Dai
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Creighton E Likes
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anthony L Luz
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lan Mao
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jason S Yeh
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhengzheng Wei
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maragatha Kuchibhatla
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Geriatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Price
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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27
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Reiser PJ. Current understanding of conventional and novel co-expression patterns of mammalian sarcomeric myosin heavy chains and light chains. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:129-133. [PMID: 30528779 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A central tenet of muscle physiology that has accrued from several decades of intense investigations is that myosin, and the vast set of isoforms that constitute its six subunits, is a major regulator of contractile properties of smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle. Two frequent questions are (1) how many myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms and myosin light chain (MLC) isoforms are expressed in mammalian striated muscles and (2) which isoforms of MyHC and MLC are expressed, at the protein level, with each other - that is, what patterns of co-expression exist in single striated muscle fibers? The answer to the former question is straightforward: eleven MyHC isoforms and nine MLC isoforms, are expressed in a developmentally-regulated and muscle-specific manner. The answer to the latter question, on the other hand, is not clear-cut. The observed number of MyHC and MLC isoform combinations among single fibers is far less than the total number of potential permutations, indicating strict regulation of expression in individual muscle cells. This article provides a review of the current and still evolving understanding of the complexity of muscle fiber types defined on the basis of expression patterns of MyHC and MLC isoforms that constitute an intact functioning molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Reiser
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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28
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Ma N, Zhang J, Itzhaki I, Zhang SL, Chen H, Haddad F, Kitani T, Wilson KD, Tian L, Shrestha R, Wu H, Lam CK, Sayed N, Wu JC. Determining the Pathogenicity of a Genomic Variant of Uncertain Significance Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Circulation 2018; 138:2666-2681. [PMID: 29914921 PMCID: PMC6298866 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression toward low-cost and rapid next-generation sequencing has uncovered a multitude of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in both patients and asymptomatic "healthy" individuals. A VUS is a rare or novel variant for which disease pathogenicity has not been conclusively demonstrated or excluded, and thus cannot be definitively annotated. VUS, therefore, pose critical clinical interpretation and risk-assessment challenges, and new methods are urgently needed to better characterize their pathogenicity. METHODS To address this challenge and showcase the uncertainty surrounding genomic variant interpretation, we recruited a "healthy" asymptomatic individual, lacking cardiac-disease clinical history, carrying a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-associated genetic variant (NM_000258.2:c.170C>A, NP_000249.1:p.Ala57Asp) in the sarcomeric gene MYL3, reported by the ClinVar database to be "likely pathogenic." Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from the heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A) carrier, and their genome was edited using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate 4 isogenic iPSC lines: (1) corrected "healthy" control; (2) homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A); (3) heterozygous frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs); and (4) known heterozygous MYL3 pathogenic mutation (NM_000258.2:c.170C>G), at the same nucleotide position as VUS MYL3(170C>A), lines. Extensive assays including measurements of gene expression, sarcomere structure, cell size, contractility, action potentials, and calcium handling were performed on the isogenic iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). RESULTS The heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)-iPSC-CMs did not show an HCM phenotype at the gene expression, morphology, or functional levels. Furthermore, genome-edited homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)- and frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs)-iPSC-CMs lines were also asymptomatic, supporting a benign assessment for this particular MYL3 variant. Further assessment of the pathogenic nature of a genome-edited isogenic line carrying a known pathogenic MYL3 mutation, MYL3(170C>G), and a carrier-specific iPSC-CMs line, carrying a MYBPC3(961G>A) HCM variant, demonstrated the ability of this combined platform to provide both pathogenic and benign assessments. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates the ability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome-editing of carrier-specific iPSCs to elucidate both benign and pathogenic HCM functional phenotypes in a carrier-specific manner in a dish. As such, this platform represents a promising VUS risk-assessment tool that can be used for assessing HCM-associated VUS specifically, and VUS in general, and thus significantly contribute to the arsenal of precision medicine tools available in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joe Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophia L. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodong Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francois Haddad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kitchener D. Wilson
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Logvinova DS, Levitsky DI. Essential Light Chains of Myosin and Their Role in Functioning of the Myosin Motor. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:944-960. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918080060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Guhathakurta P, Prochniewicz E, Grant BD, Peterson KC, Thomas DD. High-throughput screen, using time-resolved FRET, yields actin-binding compounds that modulate actin-myosin structure and function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12288-12298. [PMID: 29866882 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a novel time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) assay to detect small-molecule modulators of actin-myosin structure and function. Actin-myosin interactions play crucial roles in the generation of cellular force and movement. Numerous mutations and post-translational modifications of actin or myosin disrupt muscle function and cause life-threatening syndromes. Here, we used a FRET biosensor to identify modulators that bind to the actin-myosin interface and alter the structural dynamics of this complex. We attached a fluorescent donor to actin at Cys-374 and a nonfluorescent acceptor to a peptide containing the 12 N-terminal amino acids of the long isoform of skeletal muscle myosin's essential light chain. The binding site on actin of this acceptor-labeled peptide (ANT) overlaps with that of myosin, as indicated by (a) a similar distance observed in the actin-ANT complex as in the actin-myosin complex and (b) a significant decrease in actin-ANT FRET upon binding myosin. A high-throughput FRET screen of a small-molecule library (NCC, 727 compounds), using a unique fluorescence lifetime readout with unprecedented speed and precision, showed that FRET is significantly affected by 10 compounds in the micromolar range. Most of these "hits" alter actin-activated myosin ATPase and affect the microsecond dynamics of actin detected by transient phosphorescence anisotropy. We conclude that the actin-ANT TR-FRET assay enables detection of pharmacologically active compounds that affect actin structural dynamics and actomyosin function. This assay establishes feasibility for the discovery of allosteric modulators of the actin-myosin interaction, with the ultimate goal of developing therapies for muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Guhathakurta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Ewa Prochniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | | | | | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Photonic Pharma LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55410.
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31
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Iorga B, Schwanke K, Weber N, Wendland M, Greten S, Piep B, Dos Remedios CG, Martin U, Zweigerdt R, Kraft T, Brenner B. Differences in Contractile Function of Myofibrils within Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes vs. Adult Ventricular Myofibrils Are Related to Distinct Sarcomeric Protein Isoforms. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1111. [PMID: 29403388 PMCID: PMC5780405 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the contractile function of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is key for advancing their utility for cellular disease models, promoting cell based heart repair, or developing novel pharmacological interventions targeting cardiac diseases. The aim of the present study was to understand whether steady-state and kinetic force parameters of β-myosin heavy chain (βMyHC) isoform-expressing myofibrils within human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) differentiated in vitro resemble those of human ventricular myofibrils (hvMFs) isolated from adult donor hearts. Contractile parameters were determined using the same micromechanical method and experimental conditions for both types of myofibrils. We identified isoforms and phosphorylation of main sarcomeric proteins involved in the modulation of force generation of both, chemically demembranated hESC-CMs (d-hESC-CMs) and hvMFs. Our results indicate that at saturating Ca2+ concentration, both human-derived contractile systems developed forces with similar rate constants (0.66 and 0.68 s−1), reaching maximum isometric force that was significantly smaller for d-hESC-CMs (42 kPa) than for hvMFs (94 kPa). At submaximal Ca2+-activation, where intact cardiomyocytes normally operate, contractile parameters of d-hESC-CMs and hvMFs exhibited differences. Ca2+ sensitivity of force was higher for d-hESC-CMs (pCa50 = 6.04) than for hvMFs (pCa50 = 5.80). At half-maximum activation, the rate constant for force redevelopment was significantly faster for d-hESC-CMs (0.51 s−1) than for hvMFs (0.28 s−1). During myofibril relaxation, kinetics of the slow force decay phase were significantly faster for d-hESC-CMs (0.26 s−1) than for hvMFs (0.21 s−1), while kinetics of the fast force decay were similar and ~20x faster. Protein analysis revealed that hESC-CMs had essentially no cardiac troponin-I, and partially non-ventricular isoforms of some other sarcomeric proteins, explaining the functional discrepancies. The sarcomeric protein isoform pattern of hESC-CMs had features of human cardiomyocytes at an early developmental stage. The study indicates that morphological and ultrastructural maturation of βMyHC isoform-expressing hESC-CMs is not necessarily accompanied by ventricular-like expression of all sarcomeric proteins. Our data suggest that hPSC-CMs could provide useful tools for investigating inherited cardiac diseases affecting contractile function during early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Iorga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kristin Schwanke
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, REBIRTH-Center for Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Weber
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Wendland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Greten
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Piep
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Martin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, REBIRTH-Center for Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, REBIRTH-Center for Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brenner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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32
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Peng W, Li M, Li H, Tang K, Zhuang J, Zhang J, Xiao J, Jiang H, Li D, Yu Y, Sham PC, Nattel S, Xu Y. Dysfunction of Myosin Light-Chain 4 (MYL4) Leads to Heritable Atrial Cardiomyopathy With Electrical, Contractile, and Structural Components: Evidence From Genetically-Engineered Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007030. [PMID: 29080865 PMCID: PMC5721782 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the concept of atrial cardiomyopathy, but the underlying molecular and mechanistic determinants remain poorly defined. We identified a family with heritable atrial cardiomyopathy manifesting as progressive atrial-selective electromechanical dysfunction, tachyarrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias requiring pacemaker implantation. Myosin light-chain 4 (MYL4), encoding the atrial-selective essential myosin light chain, was identified as a candidate gene. We used genetically modified rat models to investigate the role of MYL4 in atrial cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Exome sequencing and systematic bioinformatic analyses identified a rare missense variant of MYL4 (c.31G>A [p.E11K]) in a large multiplex atrial cardiomyopathy family pedigree. The mutation cosegregated with atrial standstill (selected as the principal presenting trait) with a logarithm of the odds score of 5.3. The phenotype of rats with MYL4 mutation knock-in confirmed the causative role of the mutation. MYL4 knockout rats showed a similar atrial cardiomyopathy phenotype, whereas rats with an adjacent 4-amino-acid deletion showed no phenotype. Both MYL4 p.E11K knock-in rats and MYL4 knockout rats showed progressive atrial electrophysiological, contractile, and fibrotic abnormalities, similar to affected patients. Biochemical analyses of MYL4 p.E11K mutation rats showed activation of proapoptotic and profibrotic signaling, along with increased atrial-cardiomyocyte terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, suggesting enhanced apoptotic cell death, findings that were mimicked by in vitro adenoviral transfer of the mutant gene to neonatal-rat cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function MYL4 gene variants cause progressive atrial cardiomyopathy in humans and rats. Our findings identify MYL4 as a key gene required for atrial contractile, electrical and structural integrity. These results improve our understanding of the molecular basis of atrial cardiomyopathy and introduce new models for further mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Genome Research, Center for Precision Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Guhathakurta P, Prochniewicz E, Roopnarine O, Rohde JA, Thomas DD. A Cardiomyopathy Mutation in the Myosin Essential Light Chain Alters Actomyosin Structure. Biophys J 2017; 113:91-100. [PMID: 28700929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used site-directed time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer to determine the effect of a pathological mutation in the human ventricular essential light chain (hVELC) of myosin, on the structural dynamics of the actin-myosin complex. The hVELC modulates the function of actomyosin, through the interaction of its N-terminal extension with actin and its C-terminal lobe with the myosin heavy chain. Several mutations in hVELC are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Some biochemical effects of these mutations are known, but further insight is needed about their effects on the structural dynamics of functioning actomyosin. Therefore, we introduced the HCM mutation E56G into a single-cysteine (C16) hVELC construct and substituted it for the VELC of bovine cardiac myosin subfragment 1. Using a donor fluorescent probe on actin (at C374) and an acceptor probe on C16 of hVELC, we performed time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer, directly detecting structural changes within the bound actomyosin complex during function. The E56G mutation has no significant effect on actin-activated ATPase activity or actomyosin affinity in the presence of ATP, or on the structure of the strong-binding S complex in the absence of ATP. However, in the presence of saturating ATP, where both W (prepowerstroke) and S (postpowerstroke) structural states are observed, the mutant increases the mole fraction of the S complex (increasing the duty ratio), while shifting the structure of the remaining W complex toward that of S, indicating a structural redistribution toward the strongly bound (force-generating) complex. We propose that this effect is responsible for the hypercontractile phenotype induced by this HCM mutation in myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Guhathakurta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ewa Prochniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Osha Roopnarine
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John A Rohde
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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34
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Wang L, Kazmierczak K, Yuan CC, Yadav S, Kawai M, Szczesna-Cordary D. Cardiac contractility, motor function, and cross-bridge kinetics in N47K-RLC mutant mice. FEBS J 2017; 284:1897-1913. [PMID: 28467684 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the physiology and mechanical profiles of skinned papillary muscle fibers from transgenic mice expressing the N47K mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), shown to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in humans. The results were compared with wild-type (WT) mice, both expressing the human ventricular RLC. Rate constants of a cross-bridge (XB) cycle were deduced from tension transients induced by sinusoidal length changes during maximal Ca2+ activation, and were studied as a function of MgATP, MgADP, and Pi concentrations. N47K mutant showed slower XB cycles but higher actin-activated ATPase activity compared with WT. Consequently, N47K exhibited larger tension than WT. K0 (ADP association constant) and K4 (equilibrium constant of force generation) were larger in N47K, and K1 (ATP association constant) was slightly larger in N47K vs. WT, demonstrating stronger nucleotide binding and force generation abilities of the mutant, but no changes in rigor acto-myosin binding were observed. Tension per XB was similar among groups, but N47K exhibited more XB distribution in the attached state. Larger values of tension and higher ATPase in N47K suggested that more cross-bridges participated in tension production in the mutant myocardium compared with WT. In vivo analysis of heart function, performed in ~ 12.5-month-old mice by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics, demonstrated a significant decrease in dP/dtmax -end-diastolic volume relationship, indicating a depression of ventricular contractility in N47K mice. Our findings suggest that the N47K mutation exerts its action through direct alterations of myosin motor function that ultimately result in pathological hypertrophic remodeling in N47K hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Chen-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Masataka Kawai
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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35
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Lichardusova L, Tatarkova Z, Calkovska A, Mokra D, Engler I, Racay P, Lehotsky J, Kaplan P. Proteomic analysis of mitochondrial proteins in the guinea pig heart following long-term normobaric hyperoxia. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:61-73. [PMID: 28432557 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Normobaric hyperoxia is applied for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and clinical conditions related to ischemia or hypoxia, but it can increase the risk of tissue damage and its efficiency is controversial. In the present study, we analyzed cardiac mitochondrial proteome derived from guinea pigs after 60 h exposure to 100% molecular oxygen (NBO) or O2 enriched with oxygen cation (NBO+). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry identified twenty-two different proteins (among them ten nonmitochondrial) that were overexpressed in NBO and/or NBO+ group. Identified proteins were mainly involved in cellular energy metabolism (tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis), cardioprotection against stress, control of mitochondrial function, muscle contraction, and oxygen transport. These findings support the viewpoint that hyperoxia is associated with cellular stress and suggest complex adaptive responses which probably contribute to maintain or improve intracellular ATP levels and contractile function of cardiomyocytes. In addition, the results suggest that hyperoxia-induced cellular stress may be partially attenuated by utilization of NBO+ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lichardusova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Mala Hora 4D, SK-036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Mala Hora 4D, SK-036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Engler
- Department of Physiology, PJ Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Racay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Mala Hora 4D, SK-036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Mala Hora 4D, SK-036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia.
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Mala Hora 4D, SK-036 01, Martin, Slovakia.
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36
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Gregorich ZR, Cai W, Lin Z, Chen AJ, Peng Y, Kohmoto T, Ge Y. Distinct sequences and post-translational modifications in cardiac atrial and ventricular myosin light chains revealed by top-down mass spectrometry. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 107:13-21. [PMID: 28427997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myosin is the principal component of the thick filaments that, through interactions with the actin thin filaments, mediates force production during muscle contraction. Myosin is a hexamer, consisting of two heavy chains, each associated with an essential (ELC) and a regulatory (RLC) light chain, which bind the lever-arm of the heavy chain and play important modulatory roles in striated muscle contraction. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of the sequences of the ELC and RLC isoforms, as well as their post-translational modifications, in the heart remains lacking. Herein, utilizing top-down high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), we have comprehensively characterized the sequences and N-terminal modifications of the atrial and ventricular isoforms of the myosin light chains from human and swine hearts, as well as the sites of phosphorylation in the swine proteins. In addition to the correction of disparities in the database sequences of the swine proteins, we show for the first time that, whereas the ventricular isoforms of the ELC and RLC are methylated at their N-termini, which is consistent with previous studies, the atrial isoforms of the ELC and RLC from both human and swine are Nα-methylated and Nα-acetylated, respectively. Furthermore, top-down MS with electron capture dissociation enabled localization of the sites of phosphorylation in swine RLC isoforms from the ventricles and atria to Ser14 and Ser22, respectively. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the sequences and modifications of myosin light chain isoforms in the human and swine hearts, which will pave the way for a better understanding of their functional roles in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R Gregorich
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Albert J Chen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Takushi Kohmoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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37
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Logvinova DS, Nikolaeva OP, Levitsky DI. Intermolecular Interactions of Myosin Subfragment 1 Induced by the N-Terminal Extension of Essential Light Chain 1. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:213-223. [PMID: 28320305 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We applied dynamic light scattering (DLS) to compare aggregation properties of two isoforms of myosin subfragment 1 (S1) containing different "essential" (or "alkali") light chains, A1 or A2, which differ by the presence of an N-terminal extension in A1. Upon mild heating (up to 40°C), which was not accompanied by thermal denaturation of the protein, we observed a significant growth in the hydrodynamic radius of the particles for S1(A1), from ~18 to ~600-700 nm, whereas the radius of S1(A2) remained unchanged and equal to ~18 nm. Similar difference between S1(A1) and S1(A2) was observed in the presence of ADP. In contrast, no differences were observed by DLS between these two S1 isoforms in their complexes S1-ADP-BeFx and S1-ADP-AlF4- which mimic the S1 ATPase intermediate states S1*-ATP and S1**-ADP-Pi. We propose that during the ATPase cycle the A1 N-terminal extension can interact with the motor domain of the same S1 molecule, and this can explain why S1(A1) and S1(A2) in S1-ADP-BeFx and S1-ADP-AlF4- complexes do not differ in their aggregation properties. In the absence of nucleotides (or in the presence of ADP), the A1 N-terminal extension can interact with actin, thus forming an additional actin-binding site on the myosin head. However, in the absence of actin, this extension seems to be unable to undergo intramolecular interaction, but it probably can interact with the motor domain of another S1 molecule. These intermolecular interactions of the A1 N-terminus can explain unusual aggregation properties of S1(A1).
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Logvinova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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38
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Nattel S. Close connections between contraction and rhythm: a new genetic cause of atrial fibrillation/cardiomyopathy and what it can teach us. Eur Heart J 2016; 38:35-37. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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39
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Cheng W, Zhou R, Liang F, Wei H, Feng Y, Wang Y. Application of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Test to Detect Gender-Specific Effect of Chemicals: A Supplementary Tool for Embryotoxicity Prediction. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1519-33. [PMID: 27445234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gender effect is an inherent property of chemicals, characterized by variations caused by the chemical-biology interaction. It has widely existed, but the shortage of an appropriate model restricts the study on gender-specific effect. The embryonic stem cell test (EST) has been utilized as an alternative test for developmental toxicity. Despite its numerous improvements, mouse embryonic stem cells with an XX karyotype have not been used in the EST, which restricts the ability of the EST to identify gender-specific effects during high-throughput-screening (HTS) of chemicals to date. To address this, the embryonic stem cell (ESC) SP3 line with an XX karyotype was used to establish a "female" model as a complement to EST. Here, we proposed a "double-objects in unison" (DOU)-EST, which consisted of male ESC and female ESC; a seven-day EST protocol was utilized, and the gender-specific effect of chemicals was determined and discriminated; the replacement of myosin heavy chain (MHC) with myosin light chain (MLC) provided a suitable molecular biomarker in the DOU-EST. New linear discriminant functions were given in the purpose of distinguishing chemicals into three classes, namely, no gender-specific effect, male-susceptive, and female-susceptive. For 15 chemicals in the training set, the concordances of prediction result as no gender effect, male susceptive, and female susceptive were 86.67%, 86.67%, and 93.33%, respectively, the sensitivities were 66.67%, 83.33%, and 83.33%, respectively, and the specificities were 91.67%, 88.89%, and 100%, respectively; the total accuracy of DOU-EST was 86.67%. For three chemicals in the test set, one was incorrectively predicted. The possible reason for misclassification may due to the absence of hormone environment in vitro. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) indicated a mean error rate of 18.34%. Taken together, these data suggested a good performance of the proposed DOU-EST. Emerging chemicals with undiscovered gender-specific effects are anticipated to be screened with the DOU-EST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ren Zhou
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liang
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Wei
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200336, P.R. China.,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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40
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Bround MJ, Wambolt R, Cen H, Asghari P, Albu RF, Han J, McAfee D, Pourrier M, Scott NE, Bohunek L, Kulpa JE, Chen SRW, Fedida D, Brownsey RW, Borchers CH, Foster LJ, Mayor T, Moore EDW, Allard MF, Johnson JD. Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (Ryr2)-mediated Calcium Signals Specifically Promote Glucose Oxidation via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23490-23505. [PMID: 27621312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ryanodine receptor (Ryr2) Ca2+ release channels and cellular metabolism are both disrupted in heart disease. Recently, we demonstrated that total loss of Ryr2 leads to cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction, arrhythmia, and reduced heart rate. Acute total Ryr2 ablation also impaired metabolism, but it was not clear whether this was a cause or consequence of heart failure. Previous in vitro studies revealed that Ca2+ flux into the mitochondria helps pace oxidative metabolism, but there is limited in vivo evidence supporting this concept. Here, we studied heart-specific, inducible Ryr2 haploinsufficient (cRyr2Δ50) mice with a stable 50% reduction in Ryr2 protein. This manipulation decreased the amplitude and frequency of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in isolated cardiomyocytes, without changes in cardiomyocyte contraction. Remarkably, in the context of well preserved contractile function in perfused hearts, we observed decreased glucose oxidation, but not fat oxidation, with increased glycolysis. cRyr2Δ50 hearts exhibited hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase, the key Ca2+-sensitive gatekeeper to glucose oxidation. Metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses revealed additional functional networks associated with altered metabolism in this model. These results demonstrate that Ryr2 controls mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics and plays a specific, critical role in promoting glucose oxidation in cardiomyocytes. Our findings indicate that partial RYR2 loss is sufficient to cause metabolic abnormalities seen in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Rich Wambolt
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and the Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6
| | - Haoning Cen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Parisa Asghari
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Razvan F Albu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Jun Han
- the University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, and
| | - Donald McAfee
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | - Marc Pourrier
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Lubos Bohunek
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and the Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6
| | | | - S R Wayne Chen
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - David Fedida
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | | | - Christoph H Borchers
- the University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, and
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Thibault Mayor
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Edwin D W Moore
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Michael F Allard
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and the Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6
| | - James D Johnson
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and .,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
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41
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Tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of myosin II essential light chains of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites regulates their motility. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 208:49-55. [PMID: 27318258 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites dwell in the human intestine as comensals although under still unclear circumstances become invasive and destroy the host tissues. For these activities, trophozoites relay on remarkable motility provided by the cytoskeleton organization. Amebic actin and some of its actin-associated proteins are well known, while components of the myosin II molecule, although predicted from the E. histolytica genome, need biochemical and functional characterization. Recently, an amebic essential light myosin II chain, named EhMLCI, was identified and reported to be phosphorylated in tyrosines. The phosphorylated form of the protein was associated with the soluble assembly incompetent conformation of the heavy myosin chains, while the non-phosphorylated protein was identified with filamentous heavy chains, organized in an assembly competent conformation. It was postulated that EhMLCI tyrosine phosphorylation could act as a negative regulator of myosin II activity by its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles. To test this hypothesis, we constructed an expression vector containing an EhMLCI DNA sequence where two tyrosine residues, with strong probability of phosphorylation and fall within the single EF-hand domain that interacts with the N-terminus of myosin II heavy chains, were replaced by phenylalanines. Transfected trophozoites, expressing the mutant MutEhMLCI protein cannot process it, thereby not incorporated into the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles required for myosin II activity, results in motility defective trophozoites.
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Abstract
The myosin holoenzyme is a multimeric protein complex consisting of heavy chains and light chains. Myosin light chains are calmodulin family members which are crucially involved in the mechanoenzymatic function of the myosin holoenzyme. This review examines the diversity of light chains within the myosin superfamily, discusses interactions between the light chain and the myosin heavy chain as well as regulatory and structural functions of the light chain as a subunit of the myosin holoenzyme. It covers aspects of the myosin light chain in the localization of the myosin holoenzyme, protein-protein interactions and light chain binding to non-myosin binding partners. Finally, this review challenges the dogma that myosin regulatory and essential light chain exclusively associate with conventional myosin heavy chains while unconventional myosin heavy chains usually associate with calmodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA
| | - James R Sellers
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA
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43
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Yu H, Chakravorty S, Song W, Ferenczi MA. Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin in striated muscle: methodological perspectives. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:779-805. [PMID: 27084718 PMCID: PMC5101276 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin modulates cellular functions such as muscle contraction, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Phosphorylation defects are implicated in a number of diseases. Here we focus on striated muscle where changes in RLC phosphorylation relate to diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy, or age-related changes. RLC phosphorylation in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells are covered briefly where relevant. There is much scientific interest in controlling the phosphorylation levels of RLC in vivo and in vitro in order to understand its physiological function in striated muscles. A summary of available and emerging in vivo and in vitro methods is presented. The physiological role of RLC phosphorylation and novel pathways are discussed to highlight the differences between muscle types and to gain insights into disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Samya Chakravorty
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Weihua Song
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Michael A Ferenczi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
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44
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A mutation in the atrial-specific myosin light chain gene (MYL4) causes familial atrial fibrillation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11303. [PMID: 27066836 PMCID: PMC4832069 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is a growing epidemic with substantial morbidity and economic burden. Mechanisms underlying vulnerability to AF remain poorly understood, which contributes to the current lack of highly effective therapies. Recognizing mechanistic subtypes of AF may guide an individualized approach to patient management. Here, we describe a family with a previously unreported syndrome characterized by early-onset AF (age <35 years), conduction disease and signs of a primary atrial myopathy. Phenotypic penetrance was complete in all mutation carriers, although complete disease expressivity appears to be age-dependent. We show that this syndrome is caused by a novel, heterozygous p.Glu11Lys mutation in the atrial-specific myosin light chain gene MYL4. In zebrafish, mutant MYL4 leads to disruption of sarcomeric structure, atrial enlargement and electrical abnormalities associated with human AF. These findings describe the cause of a rare subtype of AF due to a primary, atrial-specific sarcomeric defect.
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45
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Scheid LM, Mosqueira M, Hein S, Kossack M, Juergensen L, Mueller M, Meder B, Fink RH, Katus HA, Hassel D. Essential light chain S195 phosphorylation is required for cardiac adaptation under physical stress. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:44-55. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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46
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Wang Y, Ajtai K, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D, Burghardt TP. N-Terminus of Cardiac Myosin Essential Light Chain Modulates Myosin Step-Size. Biochemistry 2015; 55:186-98. [PMID: 26671638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Muscle myosin cyclically hydrolyzes ATP to translate actin. Ventricular cardiac myosin (βmys) moves actin with three distinct unitary step-sizes resulting from its lever-arm rotation and with step-frequencies that are modulated in a myosin regulation mechanism. The lever-arm associated essential light chain (vELC) binds actin by its 43 residue N-terminal extension. Unitary steps were proposed to involve the vELC N-terminal extension with the 8 nm step engaging the vELC/actin bond facilitating an extra ∼19 degrees of lever-arm rotation while the predominant 5 nm step forgoes vELC/actin binding. A minor 3 nm step is the unlikely conversion of the completed 5 to the 8 nm step. This hypothesis was tested using a 17 residue N-terminal truncated vELC in porcine βmys (Δ17βmys) and a 43 residue N-terminal truncated human vELC expressed in transgenic mouse heart (Δ43αmys). Step-size and step-frequency were measured using the Qdot motility assay. Both Δ17βmys and Δ43αmys had significantly increased 5 nm step-frequency and coincident loss in the 8 nm step-frequency compared to native proteins suggesting the vELC/actin interaction drives step-size preference. Step-size and step-frequency probability densities depend on the relative fraction of truncated vELC and relate linearly to pure myosin species concentrations in a mixture containing native vELC homodimer, two truncated vELCs in the modified homodimer, and one native and one truncated vELC in the heterodimer. Step-size and step-frequency, measured for native homodimer and at two or more known relative fractions of truncated vELC, are surmised for each pure species by using a new analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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47
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Gomes AV, Kazmierczak K, Cheah JX, Gilda JE, Yuan CC, Zhou Z, Szczesna-Cordary D. Proteomic analysis of physiological versus pathological cardiac remodeling in animal models expressing mutations in myosin essential light chains. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:447-61. [PMID: 26668058 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study we aimed to provide an in-depth proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the hearts of transgenic mouse models of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy using tandem mass tag labeling and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The Δ43 mouse model, expressing the 43-amino-acid N-terminally truncated myosin essential light chain (ELC) served as a tool to study the mechanisms of physiological cardiac remodeling, while the pathological hypertrophy was investigated in A57G (Alanine 57 → Glycine) ELC mice. The results showed that 30 proteins were differentially expressed in Δ43 versus A57G hearts as determined by multiple pair comparisons of the mutant versus wild-type (WT) samples with P < 0.05. The A57G hearts showed differential expression of nine mitochondrial proteins involved in metabolic processes compared to four proteins for ∆43 hearts when both mutants were compared to WT hearts. Comparisons between ∆43 and A57G hearts showed an upregulation of three metabolically important mitochondrial proteins but downregulation of nine proteins in ∆43 hearts. The physiological model of cardiac hypertrophy (∆43) showed no changes in the levels of Ca(2+)-binding proteins relative to WT, while the pathologic model (A57G) showed the upregulation of three Ca(2+)-binding proteins, including sarcalumenin. Unique differences in chaperone and fatty acid metabolism proteins were also observed in Δ43 versus A57G hearts. The proteomics data support the results from functional studies performed previously on both animal models of cardiac hypertrophy and suggest that the A57G- and not ∆43- mediated alterations in fatty acid metabolism and Ca(2+) homeostasis may contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling in A57G hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jenice X Cheah
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer E Gilda
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Chen-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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48
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Alvarado G, Jeney V, Tóth A, Csősz É, Kalló G, Huynh AT, Hajnal C, Kalász J, Pásztor ET, Édes I, Gram M, Akerström B, Smith A, Eaton JW, Balla G, Papp Z, Balla J. Heme-induced contractile dysfunction in human cardiomyocytes caused by oxidant damage to thick filament proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:248-62. [PMID: 26409224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular free heme predisposes to oxidant-mediated tissue damage. We hypothesized that free heme causes alterations in myocardial contractility via disturbed structure and/or regulation of the contractile proteins. Isometric force production and its Ca(2+)-sensitivity (pCa50) were monitored in permeabilized human ventricular cardiomyocytes. Heme exposure altered cardiomyocyte morphology and evoked robust decreases in Ca(2+)-activated maximal active force (Fo) while increasing Ca(2+)-independent passive force (F passive). Heme treatments, either alone or in combination with H2O2, did not affect pCa50. The increase in F passive started at 3 µM heme exposure and could be partially reversed by the antioxidant dithiothreitol. Protein sulfhydryl (SH) groups of thick myofilament content decreased and sulfenic acid formation increased after treatment with heme. Partial restoration in the SH group content was observed in a protein running at 140 kDa after treatment with dithiothreitol, but not in other proteins, such as filamin C, myosin heavy chain, cardiac myosin binding protein C, and α-actinin. Importantly, binding of heme to hemopexin or alpha-1-microglobulin prevented its effects on cardiomyocyte contractility, suggesting an allosteric effect. In line with this, free heme directly bound to myosin light chain 1 in human cardiomyocytes. Our observations suggest that free heme modifies cardiac contractile proteins via posttranslational protein modifications and via binding to myosin light chain 1, leading to severe contractile dysfunction. This may contribute to systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunctions in hemolytic diseases, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Alvarado
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Jeney
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - An T Huynh
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hajnal
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Kalász
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Enikő T Pásztor
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Akerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - John W Eaton
- Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40059, USA
| | - György Balla
- MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Huang W, Szczesna-Cordary D. Molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy phenotypes associated with myosin light chain mutations. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:433-45. [PMID: 26385864 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We discuss here the potential mechanisms of action associated with hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy causing mutations in the myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains. Specifically, we focus on four HCM mutations: RLC-A13T, RLC-K104E, ELC-A57G and ELC-M173V, and one DCM RLC-D94A mutation shown by population studies to cause different cardiomyopathy phenotypes in humans. Our studies indicate that RLC and ELC mutations lead to heart disease through different mechanisms with RLC mutations triggering alterations of the secondary structure of the RLC which further affect the structure and function of the lever arm domain and impose changes in the cross bridge cycling rates and myosin force generation ability. The ELC mutations exert their detrimental effects through changes in the interaction of the N-terminus of ELC with actin altering the cross talk between the thick and thin filaments and ultimately resulting in an altered force-pCa relationship. We also discuss the effect of mutations on myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exogenous myosin light chain phosphorylation and/or pseudo-phosphorylation were explored as potential rescue tools to treat hypertrophy-related cardiac phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Endothelin receptor B, a candidate gene from human studies at high altitude, improves cardiac tolerance to hypoxia in genetically engineered heterozygote mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10425-30. [PMID: 26240367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507486112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand human adaptation to stress, and in particular to hypoxia, we took advantage of one of nature's experiments at high altitude (HA) and studied Ethiopians, a population that is well-adapted to HA hypoxic stress. Using whole-genome sequencing, we discovered that EDNRB (Endothelin receptor type B) is a candidate gene involved in HA adaptation. To test whether EDNRB plays a critical role in hypoxia tolerance and adaptation, we generated EdnrB knockout mice and found that when EdnrB (-/+) heterozygote mice are treated with lower levels of oxygen (O2), they tolerate various levels of hypoxia (even extreme hypoxia, e.g., 5% O2) very well. For example, they maintain ejection fraction, cardiac contractility, and cardiac output in severe hypoxia. Furthermore, O2 delivery to vital organs was significantly higher and blood lactate was lower in EdnrB (-/+) compared with wild type in hypoxia. Tissue hypoxia in brain, heart, and kidney was lower in EdnrB (-/+) mice as well. These data demonstrate that a lower level of EDNRB significantly improves cardiac performance and tissue perfusion under various levels of hypoxia. Transcriptomic profiling of left ventricles revealed three specific genes [natriuretic peptide type A (Nppa), sarcolipin (Sln), and myosin light polypeptide 4 (Myl4)] that were oppositely expressed (q < 0.05) between EdnrB (-/+) and wild type. Functions related to these gene networks were consistent with a better cardiac contractility and performance. We conclude that EDNRB plays a key role in hypoxia tolerance and that a lower level of EDNRB contributes, at least in part, to HA adaptation in humans.
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