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Zhou X, Zhou J, Zhang F, Shu Q, Wu Y, Chang HM, Zhang B, Cai RL, Yu Q. Key targets of signal transduction neural mechanisms in acupuncture treatment of cardiovascular diseases: Hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38197. [PMID: 39386880 PMCID: PMC11462008 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. As a traditional Chinese treatment method, acupuncture has a unique role in restoring the balance of the human body environment. Due to its safety, non-invasive nature, and effectiveness in treating cardiovascular diseases, acupuncture has been widely welcomed and recognized among the world. A large amount of evidence shows that acupuncture can effectively regulate cardiovascular diseases through the autonomic nervous system. The hypothalamus, as an important component of regulating the autonomic nervous system, plays an important role in regulating the internal environment, maintaining homeostasis, and preserving physiological balance. However, there is currently a scarcity of review articles on acupuncture signal transduction and acupuncture improving cardiovascular disease through the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system. Objective This review delves into the transduction of acupuncture signals and their neural regulatory mechanisms on the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system, elucidating their impact on cardiovascular disease. Methods Review the basic and clinical studies on acupuncture signal transduction mechanisms and the role of the hypothalamus and ANS in acupuncture treatment of cardiovascular diseases published in four English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Springer Cochrane Library) and two Chinese databases (Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database) over the past 20 years. Results Through sensory stimulation, acupuncture effectively transmits signals from the periphery to the hypothalamus, where they are integrated, and finally regulate the autonomic nervous system to treat cardiovascular diseases. Discussion Acupuncture exhibits significant potential as a therapeutic modality for cardiovascular diseases by orchestrating autonomic nervous system regulation via the hypothalamus, thereby gifting novel perspectives and methodologies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Wannan Rehabilitation Hospital (The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Shu
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui-min Chang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rong-lin Cai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Meridian Viscera Correlationship, Hefei, 230038, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Qing Yu
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Meridian Viscera Correlationship, Hefei, 230038, China
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Wang S, Fang R, Huang L, Zhou L, Liu H, Cai M, Sha’aban A, Yu C, Akkaif MA. Acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Complementary Approach for Cardiovascular Health. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3459-3473. [PMID: 39050695 PMCID: PMC11268752 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s476319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly prevalent in clinical settings. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the gradual acceleration of the pace of life, and the deterioration of the living environment in recent years, the incidence of CVDs is increasing annually. The prevalence of CVDs among individuals aged 50 and above is notably elevated, posing a significant risk to patients' well-being and lives. At this juncture, numerous clinical treatment choices are available for managing CVDs, with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy standing out as a practical, safe, and reliable option. Over the recent years, there has been growing acknowledgement among both medical professionals and patients. With the expanding integration of TCM in the treatment of various clinical conditions, the use of TCM in managing CVDs has gained significant attention within the medical community, potentially emerging as an efficacious approach for addressing cardiovascular diseases. This article conducts a comprehensive review of the TCM approach, particularly acupuncture, as a supplementary treatment for CVDs, highlighting its ability to effectively lower blood pressure, decrease coronary artery events, mitigate arrhythmias, and enhance cardiac function when used alongside conventional medication. The review underscores the promise of acupuncture in enhancing cardiovascular health, although variations in research methodologies necessitate standardized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruxue Fang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingpu Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abubakar Sha’aban
- Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chunxiang Yu
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
- Department of Cardiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Supriyana DS, Prasetyawati AE, Arifianto H. Combination Electroacupuncture and Guidelines Directed Medical Therapy Maintained Stability of Heart Rate and Mean Arterial Pressure in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Med Acupunct 2023; 35:296-304. [PMID: 38162549 PMCID: PMC10753942 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2023.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) has therapeutic and modulatory effects on managing heart failure (HF) risk factors. Objective This study aimed to determine the impact of combination drugs and EA on chronic HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) to maintain a stable heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Materials and Methods This single-blind clinical randomized controlled trial included 42 patients with chronic HFrEF. The patients were divided into 3 groups: patients taking drugs and EA, patients taking drugs and sham EA (sham acupuncture [SA]), and patients taking drugs without EA. All patients underwent 16 sessions of therapy for 8 weeks. Results There was a significant difference in the average MAP based on therapy duration in the drugs + EA group, whereas there was no significant difference between drugs + SA and drugs without EA groups. There was a substantial difference between the average MAP in the drugs + EA group at the beginning of therapy compared with that at midtherapy (P < 0.05) and at the beginning of treatment and at the end of therapy (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean HR between the groups. Clinically, after 16 treatment sessions, patients receiving combined drugs and EA treatment presented with stable MAP and HR. Conclusions Drugs combined with EA maintained the stability of MAP and HR in patients with chronic HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Surya Supriyana
- Department of Medical Acupunture, Medical Acupuncture Physician, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta/Medical Acupuncture Division, Universitas Sebelas Maret Teaching Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arsita Eka Prasetyawati
- Master of Public Health, Family Medicine Physician, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Habibie Arifianto
- Cardiovascular Imaging Consultant, Heart Failure Physician, Sebelas Maret Heart Failure Clinic, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/Universitas Sebelas Maret Teaching Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Kizilay G, Ersoy O, Bozer C, Demirtas S, Cikmaz S, Yılmaz A. Effects of electroacupuncture at ST36 and BL20 on the diabetic rat testis. Acupunct Med 2023; 41:297-306. [PMID: 36655632 DOI: 10.1177/09645284221146196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 and BL20 on the testicular tissues in a rat model of diabetes and to explore the mechanisms of action. METHODS A total of 34 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to a control group (n = 10), diabetes (D) group (n = 12) or diabetes + acupuncture (DA) group (n = 12). To model diabetes, rats in groups D and DA received an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH = 4.5; 0.1 M) after 2 weeks of high-fat diet administration. Under xylazine/ketamine anesthesia, stainless steel needles (30 mm × 0.25 mm) were inserted bilaterally at ST36 and BL20. The needles were connected to an EA device via cables, and EA was applied for 30 min (15 Hz frequency and 0.2-1 mA intensity) twice a week for 5 weeks. RESULTS The effects of EA at ST36 and BL20 on blood glucose levels and body weight, biochemical parameters, histopathological, morphometric and immunohistochemical findings, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis were evaluated. A significant decrease was detected in DA versus D groups in blood glucose levels, basement membrane thickness and apoptotic cell/tubule indices. In addition, there was a significant increase in the Johnsen scores, seminiferous tubule diameters, serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, proliferation indices, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) immunoreactivities. CONCLUSION EA had multiple positive effects on blood glucose homeostasis and testicular structure/function in this rat model of diabetes. EA may be effective at preventing or eliminating histopathological damage in the diabetic testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnur Kizilay
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Onur Ersoy
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Bozer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selim Demirtas
- Pathology Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selman Cikmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ali Yılmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Nakahara H, Ueda SY, Kawai E, Higashiura R, Miyamoto T. Effects of pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation on heart rate response during short-duration exercise. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:129. [PMID: 34656165 PMCID: PMC8520193 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of bradycardia induced by pre-exercise acupuncture on heart rate responses during short-duration exercise. Methods A total of 29 healthy subjects underwent two protocols: protocol 1 assessed the effects of manual acupuncture on heart rate response during rest, and protocol 2 tested the hypothesis that the bradycardic effects induced by pre-exercise acupuncture continue during low- and high-intensity exercise. Their average age, height, weight, and body mass index were 21.2 ± 2.0 years, 167.2 ± 8.8 cm, 63.8 ± 12.8 kg, and 22.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2, respectively. In acupuncture stimulations for protocols 1 and 2, an acupuncture needle was inserted into the lower leg and manual acupuncture stimulation was performed at 1 Hz. Results In protocol 1 (resting condition), acupuncture stimulation induced a bradycardic response, which continued for 4 min after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p < 0.05). In protocol 2, the bradycardic response induced by pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation remained during low-intensity exercise and in the beginning of high-intensity exercise performed immediately after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p < 0.05). However, the effects disappeared when post-acupuncture exercise was performed when the heart rate was approximately 140 beats/min during high-intensity exercise. The rating of perceived exertion after exercise differed significantly between the acupuncture stimulation task (7.9 ± 1.6) and no-stimulation task (8.5 ± 2.0) (p = 0.03) only in the low intensity group. Conclusion This study may provide new insights into the effect of acupuncture stimulation on psycho-physiological conditions during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Nakahara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, 1-26-16 Nankokita, Suminoe, Osaka City, Osaka, 559-8611, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ya Ueda
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eriko Kawai
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Laboratory for, Pathophysiological and Health Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rui Higashiura
- Osaka Kyoiku University Graduate School of Education, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Human Environment Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Wellness 2008, 3-1-1, Nakagaito, Daito, Osaka, 573-1004, Japan
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Abstract
Baroreceptors are mechanosensitive elements of the peripheral nervous system that maintain homeostasis by coordinating physiologic responses to external and internal stimuli. While it is recognized that carotid and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflexes modulate autonomic output to mitigate excessive fluctuations in arterial blood pressure and to maintain intravascular volume, increasing evidence suggests that baroreflex pathways also project to key regions of the central nervous system that regulate somatosensory, somatomotor, and central nervous system arousal. In addition to maintaining autonomic homeostasis, baroreceptor activity modulates the perception of pain, as well as neuroimmune, neuroendocrine, and cognitive responses to physical and psychologic stressors. This review summarizes the role that baroreceptor pathways play in modulating acute and chronic pain perception. The contribution of baroreceptor function to postoperative outcomes is also presented. Finally, methods that enhance baroreceptor function, which hold promise in improving postoperative and pain management outcomes, are presented.
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Shin JH, Fan Y, Kim DH, Jang HB, Chang S, Ryu Y, Bae JH, Lee S, Lee BH, Steffensen SC, Yang CH, Kim HY. Paired mechanical and electrical acupuncture of neurogenic spots induces opioid-mediated suppression of hypertension in rats. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:14. [PMID: 32039692 PMCID: PMC7005077 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While our recent studies have suggested that effective acupoints display neurogenic inflammation and can be identified as neurogenic spots (Neuro-Sps), the optimal stimulation conditions and the underlying mechanisms remain uncharacterized. We developed a combined mechano-electrical acupuncture device (MEA) and examined the effects of acupuncture at Neuro-Sps on systolic blood pressure (BP) in a rat model of immobilization-induced hypertension (IMH) and the mediation of endogenous opioid systems in its effect. Cutaneous neurogenic spots were found mostly in the forelimb. Electrical and mechanical acupuncture of Neuro-Sps increased 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), c-Fos expression and cell excitability in the midbrain and synergistically alleviated the development of hypertension following immobilization stress, which was prevented by administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM). These findings suggest that mechanical and electrical stimulation at Neuro-Sps suppresses the development of hypertension via mediation of the endogenous opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea
| | - Han Byeol Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea
| | - Suchan Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Jong Han Bae
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbukdo, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sanghag Lee
- TriBell Lab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbukdo, 38541, South Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea
| | - Scott C Steffensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158, South Korea.
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Nakahara H, Kawada T, Ueda SY, Kawai E, Yamamoto H, Sugimachi M, Miyamoto T. Acupoint dependence of depressor and bradycardic responses elicited by manual acupuncture stimulation in humans. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1077-1084. [PMID: 31707634 PMCID: PMC10717143 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are modulated by inputs from peripheral sensors and other brain regions. However, it currently remains unknown whether the manual acupuncture (MA) stimulation of different acupuncture points evokes different responses by the heart and vasculature, a phenomenon known as "site specificity". Sixty healthy subjects were randomly divided into a control group and MA stimulation groups at the lower leg, ear, abdomen, and forearm. MA was performed at 1 Hz for 2 min. A depressor response was observed only in the lower leg stimulation group, in which mean blood pressure significantly decreased from 83.4 ± 10.1 to 80.9 ± 11.7 mmHg (p < 0.003). A bradycardic response was elicited in all MA stimulation groups. There was no significant differences in the magnitude of the bradycardic response between groups. MA-induced cardiovascular responses, which may be mediated by the modulation of ANS, differ depending on acupuncture points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Nakahara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, 1-26-16 Nankokita, Suminoe, Osaka, 559-8611, Japan.
| | - Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Ueda
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eriko Kawai
- Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Miyamoto
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Wellness 2008, 3-1-1, Nakagaito, Daito, Osaka, 573-1004, Japan
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Sun J, Ashley J, Kellawan JM. Can Acupuncture Treatment of Hypertension Improve Brain Health? A Mini Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:240. [PMID: 31572163 PMCID: PMC6753179 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With age, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia and Alzheimer’s) are some of the leading causes of death in the United States. Related to these outcomes is the increased prevalence of hypertension, which independently increases the development of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. While a direct mechanistic link between hypertension and poor brain health is unknown, many hypothesize that the etiology stems from poor blood pressure (BP) and cerebrovascular regulation. This dysfunction fosters hypoperfusion of the brain, causing stress to the tissue through a nutrient mismatch, subtly damaging the brain over many years. Current Western medical treatment relies on pharmacological treatment (mainly beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or a combination of the two). However, Western treatments have not been successful in mitigating brain health outcomes and are burdened with unwanted side effects and non-adherence issues. Alternatively, traditional East Asia medicine has used acupuncture as a treatment for hypertension and may offer a promising approach in response to the limitations of conventional therapy. While detailed clinical and mechanistic experimental evidence is lacking, acupuncture has been observed to reduce BP and improve endothelial function in hypertensive adults. Further, acupuncture has been shown to have specific cerebrovascular effects, increasing cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy adults, highlighting possible neuroprotective properties. Therefore, our review is aimed at evaluating acupuncture as a treatment for hypertension and the potential impact on brain health. We will interrogate the current literature as well as discuss the proposed neural and vascular mechanisms by which acupuncture acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongjoo Sun
- Human Circulation Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - John Ashley
- Human Circulation Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Human Circulation Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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Min S, Kim KW, Jung WM, Lee MJ, Kim YK, Chae Y, Lee H, Park HJ. Acupuncture for Histamine-Induced Itch: Association With Increased Parasympathetic Tone and Connectivity of Putamen-Midcingulate Cortex. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:215. [PMID: 30914919 PMCID: PMC6423085 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that acupuncture is effective for ameliorating itch intensity. However, factors associated with the antipruritic effects of acupuncture have yet to be clarified. In a randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trial, we investigated the antipruritic effects of acupuncture against histamine-induced itch in healthy volunteers. Autonomic changes using heart rate variability (HRV) and brain connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were also assessed to identify physiological factors associated with the acupuncture response. Acupuncture significantly reduced itch intensity and skin blood perfusion as assessed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging compared to sham control, indicating the antipruritic effects of acupuncture. In responder and non-responder analysis, the power of normalized high frequency (HF norm) was significantly higher, while the power of normalized low frequency (LF norm) and LF/HF ratio were significantly lower in responders compared to non-responders, suggesting the acupuncture response involved parasympathetic activation. In fMRI analysis, the putamen and the posterior part of the midcingulate cortex (pMCC) were positively connected to itch and negatively correlated with itch intensity in responders. These results suggest that parasympathetic activity and functional connectivity of the putamen and pMCC could be associated with antipruritic response to acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seorim Min
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Koh-Woon Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Mo Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Kang Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Electroacupuncture Improves Baroreflex and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptor-Mediated Responses in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii of Hypertensive Rats. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:8919347. [PMID: 30363902 PMCID: PMC6186317 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8919347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to benefit hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We hypothesized that EA attenuates hypertension, in part, through modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). In the present study, the long-term effect of EA on GABA receptor function and expression was examined in the NTS of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats. EA (0.1-0.4 mA, 2 and 15 Hz) was applied at Zusanli (ST36) acupoints overlying the deep fibular nerve for 30 min once a day for two weeks. The results showed that long-term EA treatment improved blood pressure (BP) and markedly restored the baroreflex response in 2K1C hypertensive rats. The increased pressor and depressor responses to microinjection of GABAB receptor agonist and antagonist into the NTS in the hypertensive rats were blunted by the EA treatment. Moreover, EA treatment attenuated the increased GABAB receptor expression in the NTS of hypertensive rats. In contrast, EA had no significant effect on the GABAA receptor function and expression in the NTS of 2K1C hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of EA on renovascular hypertension may be through modulation of functional GABAB receptors in the NTS.
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12
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Tu Q, Gan J, Shi J, Yu H, He S, Zhang J. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative analgesia after ureteroscopic lithotripsy: a randomized controlled trial. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:279-287. [PMID: 29557487 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is an effective analgesic measure. We studied the analgesic effect of TEAS by applying it alone after ureteroscopic lithotripsy, rather than applying it as a supplementary analgesic measure. Participants (n = 120) scheduled to undergo ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy, were enrolled and randomly assigned into Group T (TEAS n = 60) and Group C (Control, n = 60). The participants in Group T were treated with TEAS for postoperative analgesia. TEAS were implemented on bilateral Shenyu (BL23) and Yinlingquan (SP9) at the time backward and the time at 4, 8, 12 h postoperatively. TEAS was re-implemented three times on the target acupoints for the next 2 days. When TEAS failed to meet the analgesic effect, the participants were given tramadol hydrochloride tablets of 100 mg. Participants of Group C were given tramadol hydrochloride tablets for postoperative analgesia. The primary outcome of VAS scores at the time backward (T0), 4 h (T1), 12 h (T2), 24 h (T3), 48 h (T4) postoperatively and the amount of remedy for analgesic consumption within 48 h postoperatively were compared. The secondary outcome of adverse reactions and plasma concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and substance P (SP) at T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 were detected, respectively. The VAS scores at T1, T2, T3, T4 postoperatively in two groups were lower than T0. Compared to group C, the VAS scores at T1 (3.68 ± 0.68 vs. 4.79 ± 0.82, P = 0.01), T2 (2.64 ± 0.72 vs. 3.92 ± 0.88, P = 0.03), T3 (2.21 ± 0.88 vs. 3.38 ± 0.74, P < 0.01) in Group T were lower, and total remedy of analgesic consumption was significantly lower (127.14 ± 28.46 vs. 415.27 ± 86.37, P < 0.01) within 48 h postoperatively. The plasma concentrations of 5-HT in Group T was lower than Group C at T1 (348.54 ± 138.49 vs. 418.69 ± 124.68, P = 0.03), T2 (324.28 ± 112.73 vs. 398.52 ± 114.53, P < 0.01), T4 (309.64 ± 129.09 vs. 388.46 ± 115.36, P = 0.04) postoperatively and concentrations of SP at T1 (59.38 ± 24.68 vs. 78.93 ± 26.32, P < 0.01), T2 (49.36 ± 25.55 vs. 66.49 ± 23.57, P = 0.02), T3 (42.19 ± 24.36 vs. 64.15 ± 28.16, P = 0.04), T4 (39.26 ± 19.88 vs. 54.64 ± 20.62, P = 0.02) postoperatively were also lower than Group C. Meanwhile, the occurrences of vertigo (6.7 vs. 18.3%, P < 0.01), nausea and vomiting (11.7 vs. 21.7%, P < 0.01), constipation (10.0 vs. 20.0%, P = 0.03) in Group T were also lower. Application of TEAS alone was associated with effective alleviation of postoperative pain, reduction of postoperative analgesics consumption, decrease of plasma concentration of algogenic substance and the incidence of adverse reactions after ureteroscopic lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan People's Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhui Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan People's Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jinlin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan People's Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan People's Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Shuangliang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan People's Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chendu, 610000, China
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Qu F, Li R, Sun W, Lin G, Zhang R, Yang J, Tian L, Xing GG, Jiang H, Gong F, Liang XY, Meng Y, Liu JY, Zhou LY, Wang SY, Wu Y, He YJ, Ye JY, Han SP, Han JS. Use of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in reproductive medicine: a group consensus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:186-193. [PMID: 28271655 PMCID: PMC5369245 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of assisted reproductive technology, various reproductive disorders have been effectively addressed. Acupuncture-like therapies, including electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), become more popular world-wide. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that EA and TEAS are effective in treating gynecological disorders, especially infertility. This present paper describes how to select acupoints for the treatment of infertility from the view of theories of traditional Chinese medicine and how to determine critical parameters of electric pulses of EA/TEAS based on results from animal and clinical studies. It summarizes the principles of clinical application of EA/TEAS in treating various kinds of reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pain induced by oocyte retrieval, diminished ovarian reserve, embryo transfer, and oligospermia/ asthenospermia. The possible underlying mechanisms mediating the therapeutic effects of EA/TEAS in reproductive medicine are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital /Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education / Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, CITIC Xiangya Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University /Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences /Peking University Health Science Center / Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Li Tian
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guo-gang Xing
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University /Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences /Peking University Health Science Center / Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital /Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education / Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, CITIC Xiangya Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiao-yan Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jia-yin Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li-ying Zhou
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shu-yu Wang
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yi-jing He
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jia-yu Ye
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Song-ping Han
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University /Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences /Peking University Health Science Center / Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ji-sheng Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University /Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences /Peking University Health Science Center / Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, Beijing 100083, China
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Lu J, Guo Y, Guo CQ, Shi XM, Du NY, Zhao RL, Du WP, Liang JR, Zhu SP, Chen H. Acupuncture with reinforcing and reducing twirling manipulation inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:770-778. [PMID: 28616034 PMCID: PMC5461615 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.206648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To observe the effects of different acupuncture manipulations on blood pressure and target organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), this study used the reinforcing twirling method (1.5–2-mm depth; rotating needle clockwise for 360° and then counter clockwise for 360°, with the thumb moving heavily forward and gently backward, 60 times per minute for 1 minute, and retaining needle for 9 minutes), the reducing twirling method (1.5–2-mm depth; rotating needle counter clockwise for 360° and then clockwise for 360°, with the thumb moving heavily backward and gently forward, 60 times per minute for 1 minute, and retaining needle for 9 minutes), and the needle retaining method (1.5–2-mm depth and retaining the needle for 10 minutes). Bilateral Taichong (LR3) was treated by acupuncture using different manipulations and manual stimulation. Reinforcing twirling, reducing twirling, and needle retaining resulted in a decreased number of apoptotic cells, reduced Bax mRNA and protein expression, and an increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the hippocampus compared with the SHR group. Among these groups, the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio was highest in the reducing twirling group, and the Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio was highest in the needle retaining group. These results suggest that reinforcing twirling, reducing twirling, and needle retaining methods all improve blood pressure and prevent target organ damage by increasing the hippocampal Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibiting cell apoptosis in the hippocampus in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- First Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Collage of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Guo
- First Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Min Shi
- Collage of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Yu Du
- First Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Li Zhao
- First Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Ping Du
- Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Rong Liang
- First Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Peng Zhu
- Second School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kawada T, Sugimachi M. Open-loop static and dynamic characteristics of the arterial baroreflex system in rabbits and rats. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:15-41. [PMID: 26541155 PMCID: PMC4742515 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arterial baroreflex system is the most important negative feedback system for stabilizing arterial pressure (AP). This system serves as a key link between the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system, and is thus essential for understanding the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and accompanying autonomic abnormalities. This article focuses on an open-loop systems analysis using a baroreceptor isolation preparation to identify the characteristics of two principal subsystems of the arterial baroreflex system, namely, the neural arc from pressure input to efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and the peripheral arc from SNA to AP. Studies on the static and dynamic characteristics of the two arcs under normal physiological conditions and also under various interventions including diseased conditions are to be reviewed. Quantitative understanding of the arterial baroreflex function under diseased conditions would help develop new treatment strategies such as electrical activation of the carotid sinus baroreflex for drug-resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Masaru Sugimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
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17
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Nakahara H, Kawada T, Ueda SY, Kawai E, Yamamoto H, Sugimachi M, Miyamoto T. Electroacupuncture most effectively elicits depressor and bradycardic responses at 1 Hz in humans. Clin Auton Res 2015; 26:59-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10286-015-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Lee S, Kim W, Park J, Jang HH, Lee SM, Woo JS, Kim HS, Lee KH, Kwon YJ, Lee U, Kim JB, Kim WS, Kim KS. Effects of electroacupuncture on endothelial function and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cerebral infarction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:822-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion; College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Weon Kim
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion; College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Jang
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion; College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong Shin Woo
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyung Hye Lee
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - You-Jung Kwon
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion; College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ungin Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion; College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin Bae Kim
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Woo Shik Kim
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwon Sam Kim
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul Korea
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Lima JW, Hentschke VS, Rossato DD, Quagliotto E, Pinheiro L, Almeida E, Dal Lago P, Lukrafka JL. Chronic electroacupuncture of the ST36 point improves baroreflex function and haemodynamic parameters in heart failure rats. Auton Neurosci 2015; 193:31-7. [PMID: 26032957 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been used to treat many diseases, including heart failure (HF). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic stimulation in the ST36 acupuncture point on haemodynamic parameters and baroreflex function in rats with HF. Cardiovascular parameters assessed were heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and the reflex cardiovascular response of HR triggered by stimulation of baroreceptors in animals with HF subsequent to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sham Control - animals without HF and without EA; HF Control group - animals with HF and without EA; and HF EA group - animals with HF that received the EA protocol. Six weeks after surgical induction of AMI, the EA protocol (8 weeks, 5 times a week) was performed. The protocol was applied with EA at the ST36 point, frequency of 2 Hz, pulse of 0.3 ms and intensity of 1-3 mA for 30 min. Haemodynamic parameters and baroreceptor function were assessed. There was no difference between groups in the variables HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which were evaluated with awake animals (p>0.05). There was an increase in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the HF EA group compared to the HF Control group (p<0.05). The maximum gain of the baroreflex heart rate response (Gain) was higher in the HF EA group than the HF Control and Sham Control groups. Chronic EA in the ST36 point increased the MAP and baroreflex sensitivity in rats with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lima
- Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - V S Hentschke
- Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - D D Rossato
- Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil; Centro Universitário Franciscano, Brazil
| | - E Quagliotto
- Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - L Pinheiro
- Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - E Almeida
- Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - P Dal Lago
- Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - J L Lukrafka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil.
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Kawada T, Li M, Sata Y, Zheng C, Turner MJ, Shimizu S, Sugimachi M. Calibration of baroreflex equilibrium diagram based on exogenous pressor agents in chronic heart failure rats. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 9:1-9. [PMID: 25698884 PMCID: PMC4319654 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s18759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A baroreflex equilibrium diagram describes the relation between input pressure and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and that between SNA and arterial pressure (AP). To calibrate the SNA axis (abscissa) of the baroreflex equilibrium diagram, the AP response to intravenous bolus injections of phenylephrine (0.2-50 μg/kg) or norepinephrine (NE, 0.02-5 μg/kg) was examined in normal control rats (NC, n = 9) and rats with chronic heart failure (CHF, n = 6). The maximum slope of the dose-effect curve was significantly smaller in the CHF group than in the NC group (57.3 ± 5.2 vs 80.9 ± 6.3 mmHg/decade for phenylephrine, 60.2 ± 7.8 vs 80.4 ± 5.9 mmHg/decade for NE; P < 0.01). The CHF/NC ratio of the maximum slope was used to calibrate SNA. While the calibrated baroreflex equilibrium diagram showed increased maximum SNA and operating-point SNA in CHF rats compared with NC rats, the magnitude of increase was smaller than that expected from the excess plasma NE concentration in CHF rats. Plasma NE concentration in the CHF group could be disproportionally high relative to SNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan. ; Department of Artificial Organ Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Can Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael J Turner
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan. ; Department of Artificial Organ Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Hyun SH, Im JW, Jung WS, Cho KH, Kim YS, Ko CN, Park JM, Park SU, Cho SY, Moon SK. Effect of ST36 Acupuncture on Hyperventilation-Induced CO 2 Reactivity of the Basilar and Middle Cerebral Arteries and Heart Rate Variability in Normal Subjects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:574986. [PMID: 25132861 PMCID: PMC4123599 DOI: 10.1155/2014/574986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to verify the effect of acupuncture on cerebral haemodynamics to provide evidence for the use of acupuncture treatment as a complementary therapy for the high-risk stroke population. The effect of ST36 acupuncture treatment on the hyperventilation-induced CO2 reactivity of the basilar and middle cerebral arteries was studied in 10 healthy male volunteers (mean age, 25.2 ± 1.5 years) using a transcranial Doppler sonography with an interval of 1 week between measurements, and a portable ECG monitoring system was used to obtain ECG data simultaneously. The CO2 reactivity of the basilar and middle cerebral arteries increased significantly after ST36 acupuncture treatment, whereas the mean arterial blood pressure and pulse rate did not change significantly. The high-frequency power significantly increased after ST36 acupuncture treatment, and the percentage increase of high-frequency power correlated significantly with the percentage increase in the CO2 reactivity of the contralateral middle cerebral artery. These data suggest that ST36 acupuncture treatment increases CO2 reactivity, indicating improvement of vasodilatory potential of the cerebral vasculature to compensate for fluctuations caused by changes in external conditions. The increase in parasympathetic tone by ST36 acupuncture treatment is responsible for this therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Hyun
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Im
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, No. 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea
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Jia BA, Cheng CY, Lin YW, Li TC, Liu HJ, Hsieh CL. The 2 Hz and 15 Hz electroacupuncture induced reverse effect on autonomic function in healthy adult using a heart rate variability analysis. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 1:51-6. [PMID: 24716105 PMCID: PMC3943001 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at different frequencies on autonomic function. Twenty healthy adult volunteers were studied, and underwent 4 sessions of EA (sham, 2 Hz, 15 Hz, and 50 Hz). Sham, 2 Hz, 15 Hz, and 50 Hz EA was applied to the bilateral Leg Three Li (足三里 zú sān lǐ, ST-36) and Upper Great Hollow (上巨虛 shàng jù xū, ST-37) acupoints. The intensity of electrical stimulation was adjusted to obtain visible twitching of the anterior tibial muscle about 2.0-2.5 mA except sham without electrical stimulation. The components of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure were measured before EA (BLP), EA (EAP), and post-EA periods (PEP). The results indicated that the natural logarithmic high frequency power (lnHF) of HRV was greater during PEP than during the BLP in the 2 Hz EA sessions. The natural logarithmic low frequency power (lnLF) of HRV was greater during the PEP than during the BLP in 15 Hz EA sessions, suggesting that 2 Hz EA apply to Leg Three Li (足三里 zú sān lǐ, ST-36) and Upper Great Hollow (上巨虛 shàng jù xū, ST-37) acupoints increased vagal activity, whereas 15 Hz EA increased sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-An Jia
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Jan Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Longhurst JC, Tjen-A-Looi S. Acupuncture regulation of blood pressure: two decades of research. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 111:257-71. [PMID: 24215927 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411545-3.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although mechanisms underlying acupuncture regulation of pain have been studied by a number of laboratories in many countries, much less is known about its ability to modulate cardiovascular function. In the last two decades, our laboratory has systematically investigated the peripheral and central neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture regulation of blood pressure. These observations account for acupuncture's distant actions and, to some extent, its local actions, with respect to the site of needling. Four fundamental findings have advanced our knowledge. First, point-specific effects of acupuncture underlie its cardiovascular actions. Second, variable regions in the supraspinal and spinal central nervous system that receive input from somatic afferent stimulation account for acupuncture's ability to modulate blood pressure. Thus, depending on the underlying situation, for example, high or low blood pressure, acupuncture modifies autonomic outflow by reducing activity in brain stem nuclei that participate in the primary response. Third, repetitive acupuncture through a molecular mechanism can cause prolonged cardiovascular effects that far outlast acupuncture stimulation. Fourth, there is a range of cardiovascular responsiveness to acupuncture that depends, at least in part, on interactions between neural modulators that synaptically regulate autonomic function in the brain stem. Thus, acupuncture has the capability of profoundly regulating cardiovascular function in patients with disease, for example, hypertension, and the experimental laboratory is directing best approaches to study its actions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Longhurst
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Medical Sciences, Irvine, California, USA.
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24
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Gademan MG, Sun Y, Han L, Valk VJ, Schalij MJ, van Exel HJ, Lucas CM, Maan AC, Verwey HF, van de Vooren H, Pinna GD, Maestri R, La Rovere MT, van der Wall EE, Swenne CA. Rehabilitation: Periodic somatosensory stimulation increases arterial baroreflex sensitivity in chronic heart failure patients. Int J Cardiol 2011; 152:237-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Park JM, Shin AS, Park SU, Sohn IS, Jung WS, Moon SK. The Acute Effect of Acupuncture on Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Hypertension: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:883-8. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae-Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Suk Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Kawada T, Li M, Kamiya A, Shimizu S, Uemura K, Yamamoto H, Sugimachi M. Open-loop dynamic and static characteristics of the carotid sinus baroreflex in rats with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:283-98. [PMID: 20514557 PMCID: PMC10717991 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-010-0096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We estimated open-loop dynamic characteristics of the carotid sinus baroreflex in normal control rats and chronic heart failure (CHF) rats after myocardial infarction. First, the neural arc transfer function from carotid sinus pressure to splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and its corresponding step response were examined. Although the steady-state response was attenuated in CHF, the negative peak response and the time to peak did not change significantly, suggesting preserved neural arc dynamic characteristics. Next, the peripheral arc transfer function from SNA to arterial pressure (AP) and its corresponding step response were examined. The steady-state response and the initial slope were reduced in CHF, suggesting impaired end-organ responses. In a simulation study based on the dynamic and static characteristics, the percent recovery of AP was reduced progressively as the size of disturbance increased in CHF, suggesting that a reserve for AP buffering is lost in CHF despite relatively maintained baseline AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
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27
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Kawada T, Shimizu S, Yamamoto H, Shishido T, Kamiya A, Miyamoto T, Sunagawa K, Sugimachi M. Servo-Controlled Hind-Limb Electrical Stimulation for Short-Term Arterial Pressure Control. Circ J 2009; 73:851-9. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Shuji Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Hiromi Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine
| | - Toshiaki Shishido
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Atsunori Kamiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Tadayoshi Miyamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Masaru Sugimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
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28
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Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Bionic cardiology: exploration into a wealth of controllable body parts in the cardiovascular system. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2009; 2:172-86. [PMID: 22275044 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2009.2034623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bionic cardiology is the medical science of exploring electronic control of the body, usually via the neural system. Mimicking or modifying biological regulation is a strategy used to combat diseases. Control of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation by selective vagal stimulation, suppression of ischemia-related ventricular fibrillation by vagal stimulation, and reproduction of neurally commanded heart rate are some examples of bionic treatment for arrhythmia. Implantable radio-frequency-coupled on-demand carotid sinus stimulators succeeded in interrupting or preventing anginal attacks but were replaced later by coronary revascularization. Similar but fixed-intensity carotid sinus stimulators were used for hypertension but were also replaced by drugs. Recently, however, a self-powered implantable device has been reappraised for the treatment of drug-resistant hypertension. Closed-loop spinal cord stimulation has successfully treated severe orthostatic hypotension in a limited number of patients. Vagal nerve stimulation is effective in treating heart failure in animals, and a small-size clinical trial has just started. Simultaneous corrections of multiple hemodynamic abnormalities in an acute decompensated state are accomplished simply by quantifying fundamental cardiovascular parameters and controlling these parameters. Bionic cardiology will continue to promote the development of more sophisticated device-based therapies for otherwise untreatable diseases and will inspire more intricate applications in the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sugimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5658565 Suita, Japan.
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29
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A Neurovascular Transmission Model for Acupuncture-induced Nitric Oxide. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2008; 1:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Sugimachi M, Kawada T, Kamiya A, Li M, Zheng C, Sunagawa K. Electrical acupuncture modifies autonomic balance by resetting the neural arc of arterial baroreflex system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:5334-7. [PMID: 18003212 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4353546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Contribution of abnormal cardiovascular regulation to the maintenance and progression of heart failure has been repeatedly demonstrated. Besides the current therapeutic modalities, development of an additional therapeutic strategy is needed. We have been developing a bionic system, an artificial device designed for integration into native physiological systems. By communicating with the physiological regulatory system, we tried to not only restore lost function but also correct abnormal function. We have already shown that modification of autonomic balance by direct electrical vagal stimulation has inhibited cardiac remodeling, and improved survival in rats. Because the benefit of the correction of autonomic balance would be greatly enhanced if available by a less invasive method, we examined the possibility of modifying the autonomic balance by electrical acupuncture. The results indicated that electrical acupuncture resets the neural arc of the arterial baroreflex (SNA response range decreases from 144.0+/-35.0 to 112.6+/-9.2, p<0.005) and is able to attenuate sympathetic nerve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sugimachi
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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31
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Sugimachi M, Kawada T, Yamamoto H, Kamiya A, Miyamoto T, Sunagawa K. Modification of autonomic balance by electrical acupuncture does not affect baroreflex dynamic characteristics. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2008; 2008:1981-1984. [PMID: 19163080 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have demonstrated that modification of autonomic balance by electrical vagal stimulation delays progression of cardiac dysfunction and cardiac remodeling, and prolongs survival in rats with severe heart failure. We have also shown that we were able to modify autonomic balance by electrical acupuncture at the acupoint of Zusanli, potentially applicable for the treatment of heart failure. We examined the effect of the acupuncture on the dynamic characteristics of the baroreflex system to exclude the possible deleterious effect on orthostatic tolerance. METHOD In anesthetized 8 and 6 rabbits, we examined static and dynamic characteristics of baroreflex, respectively, with and without electrical acupuncture (1 Hz, 5 mA, and 5msec). Dynamic characteristics were examined by imposing pseudorandom binary changes in isolated carotid sinus pressure. RESULTS With the stimulation condition to decrease arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity (resulted form decreased response range of neural arc), either of the dynamic characteristics of neural arc or those of peripheral arc did not change by electrical acupuncture at Zusanli. CONCLUSION We conclude that application of electrical acupuncture at Zusanli can suppress sympathetic nerve activity but does not affect the dynamic characteristics of the arterial baroreflex system, indicating no deleterious effect on orthostatic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sugimachi
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 5658565, Japan.
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