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Fan D, Liu C, Zhang Z, Huang K, Wang T, Chen S, Li Z. Progress in the Preclinical and Clinical Study of Resveratrol for Vascular Metabolic Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217524. [PMID: 36364370 PMCID: PMC9658204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular metabolic dysfunction presents in various diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Due to the high prevalence of these diseases, it is important to explore treatment strategies to protect vascular function. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, is regarded as an agent to regulate metabolic pathways. Many studies have proven that RSV has beneficial effects on improving metabolism in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which provide new directions to treat vascular metabolic diseases. Herein, we overviewed that RSV could regulate cell metabolism activity by inhibiting glucose uptake, suppressing glycolysis, preventing cells from fatty acid-related damages, reducing lipogenesis, increasing fatty acid oxidation, enhancing lipolysis, elevating uptake and synthesis of glutamine, and increasing NO release. Furthermore, in clinical trials, although the results from different studies remain controversial, we proposed that RSV had better therapeutic effects at high concentrations and for patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Fan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tengyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence:
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Davis BE, Hamilton TA, Johns JT, Harmon DL, Klotz JL, Weinert-Nelson JR, Goodman JP, May J, Ji H, Schrick FN, Flythe MD. Conventional loose mineral with added red clover leaf (Trifolium pratense L.) reverses vasoconstriction associated with tall fescue toxicosis in steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Isoflavone Containing Legumes Mitigate Ergot Alkaloid-Induced Vasoconstriction in Goats ( Capra hircus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060750. [PMID: 35327147 PMCID: PMC8944710 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergot alkaloids produced by a fungal endophyte that infects tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum; (E+ TF) can induce constriction of the vasculature in ruminants, resulting in “fescue toxicosis”. Legumes contain isoflavones that have been demonstrated to prevent and reverse E+ TF vasoconstriction. Several legumes are conventionally utilized in ruminant production, but can vary in both isoflavone concentration and composition. A feeding study was conducted to determine if isoflavone supplementation via red clover (Trifolium pratense), white clover (Trifolium repens), or soybean (Glycine max) meal can alleviate vasoconstriction when wether goats were challenged with E+ TF seed. The basal diet was chopped grass hay ad libitum. Carotid luminal areas were obtained pre- and post-ruminal infusions of E+ TF seed (15 µg kg BW−1 ergovaline + ergovalanine ± red clover, white clover, or soybean meal at 2.61 mg kg BW−1). When goats were challenged with E+ TF seed, the mean carotid luminal areas decreased by 56.1% (p < 0.01). All treatments were able to partially mitigate vasoconstriction, with red clover being the most effective (+39.8%), and white clover and soybean meal eliciting an intermediate response (+30%, p < 0.01). Results indicate that legumes can relax vasoconstriction in goats consuming ergot alkaloids, despite differences in isoflavone profile and concentrations.
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Jespersen T, Kruse N, Mehta T, Kuwabara M, Noureddine L, Jalal D. Light wine consumption is associated with a lower odd for cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1133-1139. [PMID: 30143406 PMCID: PMC6588355 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between wine consumption and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). DATA SYNTHESIS We performed a cross-sectional logistic regression analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in participants 21 years of age or older from 2003 to 2006 in a large representative study of the U.S. POPULATION Wine consumption was categorized as none (0 glass per day), light (<1 glass per day), or moderate (≥1 glasses per day). Prevalent CKD was defined as a urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. CVD was defined as history of CVD including angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Only 27 (0.5%) individuals reported moderate wine consumption, whereas 57.5% and 42% reported abstinence and light wine consumption, respectively. Light wine consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD as opposed to abstinence in unadjusted analysis. After adjusting for demographics and CVD risk factors light wine consumption was associated with lower prevalence of CKD defined as UACR ≥30 mg/g but not with low eGFR. Furthermore, light wine consumption was associated with significantly lower rates of CVD in the general population and in subjects with CKD. The adjusted odd of CVD for those with light wine consumption was 0.72 (CI 0.52-0.99, p = 0.046) for the subjects with CKD. CONCLUSION These data suggest that light wine consumption (compared to abstinence) is associated with lower prevalence of CKD and a lower odd of CVD in those with CKD in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jespersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - N Kruse
- Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Noureddine
- Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D Jalal
- Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Melchior EA, Smith JK, Schneider LG, Mulliniks JT, Bates GE, McFarlane ZD, Flythe MD, Klotz JL, Goodman JP, Ji H, Myer PR. Effects of red clover isoflavones on tall fescue seed fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201866. [PMID: 30335760 PMCID: PMC6193618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative impacts of endophyte-infected Lolium arundinaceum (Darbyshire) (tall fescue) are responsible for over $2 billion in losses to livestock producers annually. While the influence of endophyte-infected tall fescue has been studied for decades, mitigation methods have not been clearly elucidated. Isoflavones found in Trifolium pratense (red clover) have been the subject of recent research regarding tall fescue toxicosis mitigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of ergovaline and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations, fiber degradation, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in an in vitro system. Using a dose of 1.10 mg × L-1, endophyte-infected or endophyte-free tall fescue seed was added to ANKOM fiber bags with or without 2.19 mg of isoflavones in the form of a control, powder, or pulverized tablet, resulting in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangements of treatments. Measurements of pH, VFA, bacterial taxa, as well as the disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) were taken after 48 h of incubation. aNDF disappearance values were significantly altered by seed type (P = 0.003) and isoflavone treatment (P = 0.005), and ADF disappearance values were significantly different in a seed × isoflavone treatment interaction (P ≤ 0.05). A seed × isoflavone treatment interaction was also observed with respect to CP disappearance (P ≤ 0.05). Eighteen bacterial taxa were significantly altered by seed × isoflavone treatment interaction groups (P ≤ 0.05), eight bacterial taxa were increased by isoflavones (P ≤ 0.05), and ten bacterial taxa were altered by seed type (P ≤ 0.05). Due to the beneficial effect of isoflavones on tall fescue seed fiber degradation, these compounds may be viable options for mitigating fescue toxicosis. Further research should be conducted to determine physiological implications as well as microbiological changes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Melchior
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jason K. Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Liesel G. Schneider
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - J. Travis Mulliniks
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Bates
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Zachary D. McFarlane
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Flythe
- USDA-ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - James L. Klotz
- USDA-ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Jack P. Goodman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Huihua Ji
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Phillip R. Myer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Haseeb S, Alexander B, Santi RL, Liprandi AS, Baranchuk A. What's in wine? A clinician's perspective<sup/>. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:97-106. [PMID: 30104174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages, specifically wine, have been consumed for many years. Wine is postulated to play an important role in the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. Most epidemiological studies have found sustained consumption at light-to-moderate amounts to increase HDL cholesterol, reduce platelet aggregation, and promote fibrinolysis. Wine consumption has been inversely associated with ischemic heart disease, and the alcohol-blood pressure association, in most studies, follows a J-shaped curve. These outcomes have been attributed to the molecular constituents of wine, namely ethanol and polyphenols. Due to the continued interest in wine as a biological beverage, we review the chemistry of wine as clinicians, including its chemical composition, viticulture and enological practices, and other chemical factors that influence the bioactive components of wine. We also outline the biological effects of wine components and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Haseeb
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryce Alexander
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Lopez Santi
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Resveratrol and Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050250. [PMID: 27144581 PMCID: PMC4882663 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has stimulated research for substances that could improve cardiovascular health. Among them, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic compound notably present in grapes and red wine, has been involved in the “French paradox”. RES is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and for its ability to upregulate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). RES was able to scavenge •OH/O2•− and peroxyl radicals, which can limit the lipid peroxidation processes. Moreover, in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) under glucose-induced oxidative stress, RES restored the activity of dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme that degrades an endogenous inhibitor of eNOS named asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Thus, RES could improve •NO availability and decrease the endothelial dysfunction observed in diabetes. Preclinical studies have made it possible to identify molecular targets (SIRT-1, AMPK, Nrf2, NFκB…); however, there are limited human clinical trials, and difficulties in the interpretation of results arise from the use of high-dose RES supplements in research studies, whereas low RES concentrations are present in red wine. The discussions on potential beneficial effects of RES in CVDs (atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure) should compare the results of preclinical studies with those of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix Hospital (AP-HP), Paris 75013, France.
- Inserm UMR_S 1166 ICAN, UPMC, La Pitié Hospital, Paris 75013, France.
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Aiken GE, Flythe MD, Kagan IA, Ji H, Bush LP. Mitigation of Ergot Vasoconstriction by Clover Isoflavones in Goats (Capra hircus). Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:17. [PMID: 26973844 PMCID: PMC4777723 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergot alkaloids produced by a fungal endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala; formerly Neotyphodium coenophialum) that infects tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) can induce persistent constriction of the vasculature in ruminants, hindering their capability to thermo-regulate core body temperature. There is evidence that isoflavones produced by legumes can relax the vasculature, which suggests that they could relieve ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and mitigate the vulnerability to severe heat stress in ruminants that graze tall fescue. To test if isoflavones can relieve alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction, two pen experiments were conducted with rumen-fistulated goats (Capra hircus) to determine with ultrasonograpy if isoflavones can (1) promote vascular compliance by countering alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and (2) relieve already imposed alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction. Goats were fed ad libitum chopped orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)–timothy (Phleum pratense) hay prior to conducting the experiments. Measures of carotid and interosseous luminal areas were obtained pre- (baseline) and post-ruminal infusions in both experiments with goats being fed the hay, and for blood flow rate in the carotid artery in Experiment 2. Responses to infusion treatments were evaluated as proportionate differences from baseline measures. Peak systolic velocity, pulsatility index, and heart rate were measured on the last day on treatment (DOT) in Experiment 1, and on all imaging sessions during Experiment 2. For Experiment 1, rumens were infused with ground toxic fescue seed and isoflavones in Phase A and with only the toxic seed in Phase B. The infusion treatments were switched between phases in Experiment 2, which employed a fescue seed extract having an ergot alkaloid composition equivalent to that of the ground seed used in Experiment 1. During Experiment 1, luminal areas of carotid and interosseous arteries in Phase A did not deviate (P > 0.1) from baselines over 1, 2, 3, and 4 DOT, but the areas of both declined linearly from baselines over 1, 2, 3, and 4 DOT in Phase B. By 6, 7, and 8 DOT in Experiment 2, luminal areas of the arteries and flow rate declined from baselines with infusions with the only seed extract in Phase A, but luminal areas and flow rate increased over 4, 5, and 6 DOT with the additional infusion of isoflavones. Peak systolic velocity and heart rate were not affected by treatment in either experiment, but were highest when infused with only ergot alkaloids in both experiments. Treatment with isoflavones was demonstrated to relax the carotid and interosseous arteries and reduce resistance to blood flow. Results indicate that isoflavones can relax persistent vasoconstriction in goats caused by consumption of ergot alkaloids, and mitigate the adverse effect that ergot alkaloids have on dry matter intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen E Aiken
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Isabelle A Kagan
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Huihua Ji
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Lowell P Bush
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
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Effect of genistein on the cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000473710.76297.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shappell NW, Flythe MD, Aiken GE. The Effects of Steroid Implant and Dietary Soybean Hulls on Estrogenic Activity of Sera of Steers Grazing Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pasture. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:30. [PMID: 26664959 PMCID: PMC4672223 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean hulls (SBHs) have been fed to cattle pasturing on endophyte-infected tall fescue in attempts to increase rate of gain. Literature reports indicated some symptoms associated with fescue toxicosis were ameliorated by the use of steroidal implants containing estradiol (E2) and progesterone [implantation (IMP)], feeding SBHs, or the combination of the two. While the mechanism for amelioration was unclear, the SBHs were postulated as acting as a diluent of the toxic factors of the fescue. Alternatively, estradiol and phytoestrogens of SBHs might be acting through relaxation of the persistent vasoconstriction found in animals ingesting ergot alkaloids of endophyte-infected fescue. If so, estrogenic activity of serum of steers receiving SBHs, IMP, or a combination of the two should be elevated. Using the cellular proliferation assay of estrogenicity (E-Screen), estradiol equivalents (E2Eqs) were determined on both SBHs and the serum of steers from a previously reported study. Range of SBHs was 5.0–8.5 ng Eqs g−1 DM (mean 6.5, n = 4 from different commercial sources of SBHs). At the rate fed, theoretically calculated blood E2Eq could be physiologically relevant (~80 pg mL−1, based on 2.3 kg SBHs d−1, 300 kg steer, 5.7% blood volume, and 10% absorption). Serum E2Eqs did increase in steers (P ≤ 0.05) with steroidal implants or fed SBHs by 56 and 151% over control, respectively, and treatments were additive (211% increase). Serum prolactin was also greatest for the SBH + IMP group (188 ng mL−1, P < 0.05), concentrations comparable to values reported for steers grazing endophyte-free fescue. Prolactin in the SBH group was higher than IMP or control groups (146 versus 76 and 60 ng mL−1, respectively). Still unknown is if additional E2Eqs from dietary phytoestrogens or exogenous sources of estradiol can further reduce symptoms of fescue toxicosis. The E-Screen assay was an effective tool in monitoring serum for estrogenic effects of dietary supplementation with SBHs or estrogenic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy W Shappell
- USDA-ARS Animal Metabolism-Agricultural Chemicals Research , Fargo, ND , USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA-ARS Forage-Animal Production Research Unit , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Glen E Aiken
- USDA-ARS Forage-Animal Production Research Unit , Lexington, KY , USA
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Theunissen S, Schumacker J, Guerrero F, Tillmans F, Boutros A, Lambrechts K, Mazur A, Pieri M, Germonpré P, Balestra C. Dark chocolate reduces endothelial dysfunction after successive breath-hold dives in cool water. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 113:2967-75. [PMID: 24078211 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to observe the effects of dark chocolate on endothelial function after a series of successive apnea dives in non-thermoneutral water. METHODS Twenty breath-hold divers were divided into two groups: a control group (8 males and 2 females) and a chocolate group (9 males and 1 female). The control group was asked to perform a series of dives to 20 m adding up to 20 min in the quiet diving pool of Conflans-Ste-Honorine (Paris, France), water temperature was 27 °C. The chocolate group performed the dives 1 h after ingestion of 30 g of dark chocolate. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), digital photoplethysmography, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite ONOO−) levels were measured before and after each series of breath-hold dives. RESULTS A significant decrease in FMD was observed in the control group after the dives (95.28 ± 2.9 % of pre-dive values, p < 0.001) while it was increased in the chocolate group (104.1 ± 2.9 % of pre-dive values, p < 0.01). A decrease in the NO level was observed in the control group (86.76 ± 15.57 %, p < 0.05) whereas no difference was shown in the chocolate group (98.44 ± 31.86 %, p > 0.05). No differences in digital photoplethysmography and peroxynitrites were observed between before and after the dives. CONCLUSION Antioxidants contained in dark chocolate scavenge free radicals produced during breath-hold diving. Ingestion of 30 g of dark chocolate 1 h before the dive can thus prevent endothelial dysfunction which can be observed after a series of breath-hold dives.
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Arefin S, Simoncini T, Wieland R, Hammarqvist F, Spina S, Goglia L, Kublickiene K. Vasodilatory effects of the selective GPER agonist G-1 is maximal in arteries of postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2014; 78:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Strakovsky RS, Lezmi S, Flaws JA, Schantz SL, Pan YX, Helferich WG. Genistein exposure during the early postnatal period favors the development of obesity in female, but not male rats. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:161-74. [PMID: 24361872 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (Gen), the primary isoflavone in soy, has been shown to adversely affect various endocrine-mediated endpoints in rodents and humans. Soy formula intake by human infants has been associated with early age at menarche and decreased female-typical behavior in girls. Adipose deposition and expansion are also hormonally regulated and Gen has been shown to alter these processes. However, little is known about the impact of early-life soy intake on metabolic homeostasis in adulthood. The current study examined the impact of early-life Gen exposure on adulthood body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging) and the molecular signals mediating adipose expansion. From postnatal day (PND) 1 to 22, rat pups were daily orally dosed with 50mg/kg Gen to mimic blood Gen levels in human infants fed soy formula. Female but not male Gen-exposed rats had increased fat/lean mass ratio, fat mass, adipocyte size and number, and decreased muscle fiber perimeter. PND22 Gen-exposed females, but not males, had increased expression of adipogenic factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpα), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (Cebpβ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ). Furthermore, Wingless-related MMTV integration site 10b (Wnt10b), a critical regulator of adipogenic cell fate determination, was hypermethylated and had decreased expression in adipose of PND22 Gen-exposed females. These data suggest that developmental Gen exposure in rats has gender-specific effects on adiposity that closely parallel the effects of a postweaning high-fat diet and underscore the importance of considering timing of exposure and gender when establishing safety recommendations for early-life dietary Gen intake.
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported a greater reduction in cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders associated with diets rich in polyphenols. The antioxidant effects of polyphenols are attributed to the regulation of redox enzymes by reducing reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase in addition to also up-regulating multiple antioxidant enzymes. Although data supporting the effects of polyphenols in reducing oxidative stress are promising, several studies have suggested additional mechanisms in the health benefits of polyphenols. Polyphenols from red wine increase endothelial NO production leading to endothelium-dependent relaxation in conditions such as hypertension, stroke or the metabolic syndrome. Numerous molecules contained in fruits and vegetables can activate sirtuins to increase lifespan and silence metabolic and physiological disturbances associated with endothelial NO dysfunction. Although intracellular pathways involved in the endothelial effects of polyphenols are partially described, the molecular targets of these polyphenols are not completely elucidated. We review the novel aspects of polyphenols on several targets that could trigger the health benefits of polyphenols in conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances.
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Crandall JP, Oram V, Trandafirescu G, Reid M, Kishore P, Hawkins M, Cohen HW, Barzilai N. Pilot study of resveratrol in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:1307-12. [PMID: 22219517 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, a plant-derived polyphenol, has shown promising effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in animal models and is also reported to have cardioprotective properties, but human studies are limited. In a pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that resveratrol improves glucose metabolism and vascular function in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS Ten subjects aged 72 ± 3 years (M ± SD) with IGT were enrolled in a 4-week open-label study of resveratrol (daily dose 1, 1.5, or 2 g). Following a standard mixed meal (110 g carbohydrate, 20 g protein, 20 g fat), we measured 3-hour glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), and secretion (corrected insulin response at 30 minutes). Endothelial function was assessed by reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (reactive hyperemia index) before and 90 minutes postmeal. Results did not differ by dose, so data were combined for analysis. RESULTS At baseline, body mass index was 29 ± 5 kg/m(2), fasting plasma glucose 110 ± 13 mg/dL, and 2-hour glucose 183 ± 33 mg/dL. After 4 weeks of resveratrol, fasting plasma glucose was unchanged, but peak postmeal (185 ± 10 vs 166 ± 9 mg/dL, p = .003) and 3-hour glucose AUC (469 ± 23 vs 428 ± 19, p = .001) declined. Matsuda index improved (3.1 ± 0.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.5, p = .03), and corrected insulin response at 30 minutes was unchanged (0.6 ± 0.1 vs 0.5 ± 0.5, p = .49). There was a trend toward improved postmeal reactive hyperemia index (baseline vs resveratrol postmeal delta -0.4 ± 0.2 vs 0.2 ± 0.3, p = .06). Weight, blood pressure, and lipids were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS At doses between 1 and 2 g/day, resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity and postmeal plasma glucose in subjects with IGT. These preliminary findings support the conduct of larger studies to further investigate the effects of resveratrol on metabolism and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill P Crandall
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
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16
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Marbán Gallego V. Actores sociales y desarrollo de la ley de dependencia en España. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3989/ris.2010.06.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Wang N, Ko SH, Chai W, Li G, Barrett EJ, Tao L, Cao W, Liu Z. Resveratrol recruits rat muscle microvasculature via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism that is blocked by TNFα. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E195-201. [PMID: 20978231 PMCID: PMC3023212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00414.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in many plants, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It also improves endothelial function and may be cardioprotective. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) causes oxidative stress and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Whether resveratrol affects microvascular function in vivo and, if so, whether inflammatory cytokines antagonize its microvascular action are not clear. In cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), resveratrol (100 nM) increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and ERK1/2 within 15 min by more than twofold, and this effect lasted for at least 2 h. Treatment of BAECs with TNFα (10 ng/ml) significantly increased the NADPH oxidase activity and the production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Pretreatment of cells with resveratrol (100 nM) prevented each of these. Injection (ip) of resveratrol in rats potently increased muscle microvascular blood volume (MBV; P = 0.007) and flow (MBF; P < 0.02) within 30 min, and this was sustained for at least 2 h. The phosphorylation of Akt in liver or muscle was unchanged. Superimposed systemic infusion of L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) completely abolished resveratrol-induced increases in MBV and MBF. Similarly, systemic infusion of TNFα prevented resveratrol-induced muscle microvascular recruitment. In conclusion, resveratrol activates eNOS and increases muscle microvascular recruitment via an NO-dependent mechanism. Despite the potent antioxidant effect of resveratrol, TNFα at concentrations that block insulin-mediated muscle microvascular recruitment completely neutralized resveratrol's microvascular action. Thus, chronic inflammation, as seen in type 2 diabetes, may limit resveratrol's vasodilatory actions on muscle microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasui Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Alonso A, González-Pardo H, Garrido P, Conejo NM, Llaneza P, Díaz F, del Rey CG, González C. Acute effects of 17 β-estradiol and genistein on insulin sensitivity and spatial memory in aged ovariectomized female rats. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 32:421-434. [PMID: 20467821 PMCID: PMC2980599 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by decline in metabolic function and insulin resistance, and both seem to be in the basis of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive dysfunction. Estrogens prevent age-related changes, and phytoestrogens influence learning and memory. Our hypothesis was that estradiol and genistein, using rapid-action mechanisms, are able to modify insulin sensitivity, process of learning, and spatial memory. Young and aged ovariectomized rats received acute treatment with estradiol or genistein. Aged animals were more insulin-resistant than young. In each age, estradiol and genistein-treated animals were less insulin-resistant than the others, except in the case of young animals treated with high doses of genistein. In aged rats, no differences between groups were found in spatial memory test, showing a poor performance in the water maze task. However, young females treated with estradiol or high doses of genistein performed well in spatial memory task like the control group. Only rats treated with high doses of genistein showed an optimal spatial memory similar to the control group. Conversely, acute treatment with high doses of phytoestrogens improved spatial memory consolidation only in young rats, supporting the critical period hypothesis for the beneficial effects of estrogens on memory. Therefore, genistein treatment seems to be suitable treatment in aged rats in order to prevent insulin resistance but not memory decline associated with aging. Acute genistein treatment is not effective to restore insulin resistance associated to the early loss of ovarian function, although it can be useful to improve memory deficits in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alonso
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Pardo
- Psychology Department, Laboratory of Psychobiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nélida M. Conejo
- Psychology Department, Laboratory of Psychobiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Plácido Llaneza
- Gynaecology Department, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Celestino González
- Department of Functional Biology. Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Pettit GR, Melody N, Thornhill A, Knight JC, Groy TL, Herald CL. Antineoplastic agents. 579. Synthesis and cancer cell growth evaluation of E-stilstatin 3: a resveratrol structural modification. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1637-42. [PMID: 19719153 PMCID: PMC2782413 DOI: 10.1021/np9002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As an extension of our earlier structure/activity investigation of resveratrol (1a) cancer cell growth inhibitory activity compared to the structurally related stilbene combretastatin series (e.g., 2a), an efficient synthesis of E-stilstatin 3 (3a) and its phosphate prodrug 3b was completed. The trans-stilbene 3a was obtained using a convergent synthesis employing a Wittig reaction with phosphonium bromide 9 as the key reaction step. Deprotection of the Z-silyl ether 13 gave E-stilstatin 3 (3a) as the exclusive product. The structure and stereochemistry of 3a was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
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20
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Expression of heat shock proteins and nitrotyrosine in small arteries from patients with coronary heart disease. Heart Vessels 2009; 24:260-6. [PMID: 19626397 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-008-1117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; however, their levels in resistance arteries and their role as useful markers for endothelial dysfunction are not well known. In this paper we studied the levels of HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP27, and of the oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine (NT) in isolated small subcutaneous arteries from female and male patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and compared them with healthy controls. HSPs and NT levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with streptavidin-biotin complex and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. The results were assessed with a semi-quantitative method. The study showed lower levels of HSP90 in arteries from both male and female patients when compared to the healthy controls, while levels of HSP70 were lower only in male patients versus controls. The levels of HSP60 and HSP27 did not show any significant difference in either the male or the female groups. NT levels were higher in the arteries from female patients as compared to controls. In conclusion, the present study strengthens the concept that HSPs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD, and that at least two of them, HSP70 and HSP90, may have useful applications as markers of vascular dysfunction in resistance arteries.
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Abstract
Protective role of estrogens (E2) against cardiovascular disease has been appreciated for many years until the equivocal results of cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials on hormone replacement therapy were reported. Although new ongoing trials aim to resolve these discrepancies, it is obvious that cardiovascular effects of E(2) are complex and diverse. To understand further the cardiovascular effects of E(2), the detailed knowledge on the specific role of both classical estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and G protein-coupled receptor-30 in the vasculature are of importance. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the pattern of ERalpha and ERbeta expression in human vasculature, the genomic and non-genomic cardiovascular effects of E(2)versus subtype selective ERalpha and ERbeta stimulation on isolated arteries and in different knockout animal models. The results indicate that although ERalpha and ERbeta are expressed in the endothelium and media of human arteries, there is no definite evidence for predominant expression of one over another, the pattern depends on vascular bed, sex and diseased condition. Data from the experiments on isolated arteries and in ER knockout animal models may indicate that activation of specific ER subtypes could provide additional cardiovascular protective effects. However, a clear role for each ERs have to be finalised with focus on mechanisms and by exploring the potential of ERs-selective agonists for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanid Luksha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Arias-Loza PA, Jazbutyte V, Pelzer T. Genetic and pharmacologic strategies to determine the function of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta in cardiovascular system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5 Suppl A:S34-45. [PMID: 18395682 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological functions of estrogens extend beyond the female and male reproductive tract, affecting the cardiovascular and renal systems. Traditional views on the role of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) in protecting against heart disease, which were challenged by clinical end point studies that found adverse effects of combined HT, are now being replaced by more differentiated concepts suggesting a beneficial role of early and unopposed HT that does not include a progestin. OBJECTIVE We reviewed recent insights, concepts, and research results on the biology of both estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERalpha and ERbeta, in cardiac and vascular tissues. Knowledge of these ER subtypes is crucial to understanding gender and estrogen effects and to developing novel, exciting strategies that may have a profound clinical impact. METHODS This review focuses on in vivo studies and includes data presented at the August 2007 meeting of the American Physiological Society as well as data from a search of the MEDLINE and Ovid databases from January 1986 to November 2007. Search results were restricted to English-language publications, using the following search terms: estrogen, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, estrogen receptor alpha agonist, estrogen receptor alpha antagonist, estrogen receptor beta agonist, estrogen receptor beta antagonist, PPT, DPN, heart, vasculature, ERKO mice, BERKO mice, transgenic mice, and knockout mice. RESULTS Genetic mouse models and pharmacologic studies that employed selective as well as nonselective ER agonists support the concept that both ER subtypes confer protective effects in experimental models of human heart disease, including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and chronic heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Genetic models and novel ligands hold the promise of further improving our understanding of estrogen action in multiple tissues and organs. These efforts will ultimately enhance the safety and efficacy of HT and may also result in new applications for synthetic female sex hormone analogues.
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Chronic administration of genistein improves aortic reactivity of streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Mode of action. Vascul Pharmacol 2008; 49:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Lin JF, Lin SM, Chih CL, Nien MW, Su HH, Hu BR, Huang SS, Tsai SK. Resveratrol reduces infarct size and improves ventricular function after myocardial ischemia in rats. Life Sci 2008; 83:313-7. [PMID: 18639559 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol, a polyphenol present in grapes and red wine, on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. After permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery, surviving rats were randomly allocated to three groups and treated with 1 mg/kg/day resveratrol (R-1 group), 0.1 mg/kg/day resveratrol (R-0.1 group), or vehicles (control group) administered by intraperitoneal injection once daily for four weeks. We examined the effects of resveratrol by echocardiography, hemodynamic studies, histologic examinations, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The R-1 group had significantly increased fractional shortening of the left ventricle, ameliorated left ventricular dilatation, reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and reduced infarct size. In contrast, the R-0.1 group experienced no beneficial effects on myocardial infarction. The R-1 group also had significantly attenuated expression of myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNAs. This study indicates that resveratrol is a potent cardioprotective agent in MI rats. Its cardioprotective effects may be due to a reduction of atrial natriuretic peptide and transforming growth factor-beta1, which are known to protect the heart from detrimental remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Feng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Hospital, Taipei branch and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Grossini E, Molinari C, Mary DASG, Uberti F, Caimmi PP, Surico N, Vacca G. Intracoronary genistein acutely increases coronary blood flow in anesthetized pigs through beta-adrenergic mediated nitric oxide release and estrogenic receptors. Endocrinology 2008; 149:2678-87. [PMID: 18202136 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have suggested that the phytoestrogen genistein has beneficial cardioprotective and vascular effects. However, there has been scarce information regarding the primary effect of genistein on coronary blood flow and its mechanisms including estrogen receptors, autonomic nervous system, and nitric oxide (NO). The present study was planned to determine the primary effect of genistein on coronary blood flow and the mechanisms involved. In anesthetized pigs, changes in left anterior descending coronary artery caused by intracoronary infusion of genistein at constant heart rate and arterial pressure were assessed using ultrasound flowmeters. In 25 pigs, genistein infused at 0.075 mg/min increased coronary blood flow by about 16.3%. This response was graded in a further five pigs by increasing the infused dose of the genistein between 0.007 and 0.147 mg/min. In the 25 pigs, blockade of cholinergic receptors (iv atropine; five pigs) and alpha-adrenergic receptors (iv phentolamine; five pigs) did not abolish the coronary response to genistein, whose effects were prevented by blockade of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (iv butoxamine; five pigs), nitric oxide synthase (intracoronary N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; five pigs) and estrogenic receptors (ERs; ERalpha/ERbeta; intracoronary fulvestrant; five pigs). In porcine aortic endothelial cells, genistein induced the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and NO production through ERK 1/2, Akt, and p38 MAPK pathways, which was prevented by the concomitant treatment by butoxamine and fulvestrant. In conclusion, genistein primarily caused coronary vasodilation the mechanism of which involved ERalpha/ERbeta and the release of NO through vasodilatory beta(2)-adrenoreceptor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, I-28100 Novara, Italy.
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26
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Leblais V, Krisa S, Valls J, Courtois A, Abdelouhab S, Vila AM, Mérillon JM, Muller B. Relaxation induced by red wine polyphenolic compounds in rat pulmonary arteries: lack of inhibition by NO-synthase inhibitor. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008; 22:25-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Traupe T, Stettler CD, Li H, Haas E, Bhattacharya I, Minotti R, Barton M. Distinct roles of estrogen receptors alpha and beta mediating acute vasodilation of epicardial coronary arteries. Hypertension 2007; 49:1364-70. [PMID: 17470727 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.106.081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta for epicardial coronary artery function, vascular NO bioactivity, and superoxide (O(2)(-)) formation. Porcine coronary rings were suspended in organ chambers and precontracted with prostaglandin F(2alpha) to determine direct effects of the selective ER agonists 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[(1)H]pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)tris-phenol (PPT) or 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) or the nonselective ER agonist 17beta-estradiol. Indirect effects on contractility to U46619 and relaxation to bradykinin were assessed and effects on NO, nitrite, and O(2)(-) formation were measured in cultured cells. Within 5 minutes, selective ERalpha activation by PPT, but not 17beta-estradiol or the ERbeta agonist DPN, caused rapid, NO-dependent, and endothelium-dependent relaxation (49+/-5%; P<0.001 versus ethanol). PPT also caused sustained endothelium- and NO-independent vasodilation similar to 17beta-estradiol after 60 minutes (72+/-3%; P<0.001 versus ethanol). DPN induced endothelium-dependent NO-independent relaxation via endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (40+/-4%; P<0.01 versus ethanol). 17beta-Estradiol and PPT, but not DPN, attenuated the responses to U46619 and bradykinin. All of the ER agonists increased NO and nitrite formation in vascular endothelial but not smooth muscle cells and attenuated vascular smooth muscle cell O(2)(-) formation (P<0.001). ERalpha activation had the most potent effects on both nitrite formation and inhibiting O(2)(-) (P<0.05). These data demonstrate novel and differential mechanisms by which ERalpha and ERbeta activation control coronary artery vasoreactivity in males and females and regulate vascular NO and O(2)(-) formation. The findings indicate that coronary vascular effects of sex hormones differ with regard to affinity to ERalpha and ERbeta, which will contribute to beneficial and adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Traupe
- University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Cruz MN, Agewall S, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Kublickiene K. Acute dilatation to phytoestrogens and estrogen receptor subtypes expression in small arteries from women with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2007; 196:49-58. [PMID: 17367797 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We tested if endothelial function and estrogen receptor (ER) expression differs between resistance arteries in subcutaneous circulation from postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD, congruent with 1 year after myocardial infarction, n=12) and aged matched controls (n=14); and if acute effects of phytoestrogens (genistein, resveratrol) could be of relevance for vascular protection. We utilized ex vivo small artery ( congruent with 350 microm) bioassays and found no difference in bradykinin (BK)-mediated dilatation between the groups. One-hour incubation with phytoestrogens (natural ER beta agonists), propyl-pyrazole-triol-trisphenol (PPT-selective ER alpha agonist) and 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E(2)-ER alpha/beta agonist) at 0.01 microM/L had no effect on BK-induced responses. Concentration-response curves (0.01-30 microM/L) to investigated compounds were also obtained and compared in separate arteries. We found that dilatation to phytoestrogens was enhanced in CHD if compared to controls (p<0.05), while responses to 17beta-E(2) remained similar. The dilatation to phytoestrogens was also higher if compared to 17beta-E(2) (p<0.05) in CHD. In controls, only responses to PPT, but not to phytoestrogens, were enhanced in comparison to 17beta-E(2) (p<0.05). Inhibition of NO synthase had no effect on dilatation induced by increasing concentrations of investigated compounds. ER beta expression was enhanced in the vascular wall from CHD women, while ER alpha predominated in the controls (p<0.05). We suggest that diet supplementation by phytoestrogens may provide cardiovascular benefit for postmenopausal women with CHD. The selective targeting of one of the ER subtype may have implications for women's cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Natalia Cruz
- Karolinska Institutet, Institution for Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Campus, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Agewall
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Campus, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Schenck-Gustafsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Huddinge Campus, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Karolinska Institutet, Institution for Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Campus, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kajta M, Domin H, Grynkiewicz G, Lason W. Genistein inhibits glutamate-induced apoptotic processes in primary neuronal cell cultures: an involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and estrogen receptor/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta intracellular signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2007; 145:592-604. [PMID: 17261353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens prevent neuronal damage, however, mechanism of their neuroprotective action has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on glutamate-induced apoptosis in mouse primary neuronal cell cultures. Glutamate (1 mM) enhanced caspase-3 activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the hippocampal, neocortical and cerebellar neurons in time-dependent manner, and these data were confirmed at the cellular level with Hoechst 33342 and calcein AM staining. Genistein (10-10,000 nM) significantly inhibited glutamate-induced apoptosis, and the effect of this isoflavone was most prominent in the hippocampal cells. Next, we studied an involvement of estrogen and aryl hydrocarbon receptors in anti-apoptotic effects of genistein. A high-affinity estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182, 780 (1 microM), reversed, whereas less specific antagonist/partial agonist, tamoxifen (1 microM), either intensified or partially inhibited genistein effects. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, alpha-naphthoflavone (1 microM), exhibited a biphasic action: it enhanced genistein action toward a short-term exposure (3 h) to glutamate, but antagonized genistein action toward prolonged exposure (24 h) to that insult. SB 216763 (1 microM), which preferentially inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), potentiated genistein effects. These data point to strong effects of genistein at low micromolar concentrations in various brain tissues against glutamate-evoked apoptosis. Moreover, this study provided evidence for involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and estrogen receptor/GSK-3beta intracellular signaling pathway in anti-apoptotic action of genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kajta
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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Penza M, Montani C, Romani A, Vignolini P, Pampaloni B, Tanini A, Brandi ML, Alonso-Magdalena P, Nadal A, Ottobrini L, Parolini O, Bignotti E, Calza S, Maggi A, Grigolato PG, Di Lorenzo D. Genistein affects adipose tissue deposition in a dose-dependent and gender-specific manner. Endocrinology 2006; 147:5740-51. [PMID: 16959845 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The soy isoflavone genistein targets adipose tissue and elicits physiological effects that may vary based on dietary intake. We hypothesized that the adipose effects of genistein are dose and gender dependent. Four-week-old C57BL/6 male and female mice received daily oral doses of genistein (50-200,000 microg/kg.d) or 17beta-estradiol (E2) (5 microg/kg.d) for 15 d or a diet containing 800 ppm genistein. Genistein increased epididymal and renal fat pad and adipocyte size at doses up to 50,000 microg/kg.d or at 800 ppm in the diet in males but not in females. The alteration in adipocity correlated with changes in peripheral insulin resistance. These treatments increased genistein serum concentrations from 35+/-6 to 103+/-26 nM 12 h after treatment and lowered plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. The 200,000 microg/kg.d genistein dose decreased adipose tissue weight similarly to E2. This genistein dose down-regulated estrogen receptor (beta more than alpha) and progesterone receptor expression and induced estrogen-dependent adipose differentiation factors; it did not change expression of the minimal consensus estrogen-responsive element in ERE-tK-LUC mice, which was positively modulated in other tissues (e.g. the lung). E2 down-regulated almost all examined adipogenic factors. Gene microarray analysis identified factors in fat metabolism and obesity-related phenotypes differentially regulated by low and high doses of genistein, uncovering its adipogenic and antiadipogenic actions. The lower dose induced the phospholipase A2 group 7 and the phospholipid transfer protein genes; the 200,000 microg/kg.d dose inhibited them. The antiadipogenic action of genistein and down-regulation of adipogenic genes required the expression of ERbeta. In conclusion, nutritional doses of genistein are adipogenic in a gender-specific manner, whereas pharmacological doses inhibited adipose deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Penza
- 3rd Laboratory/Biotechnology, and Department of Diagnostics, Civic Hospital of Brescia, 25123 and Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
Resveratrol, a constituent of red wine, has long been suspected to have cardioprotective effects. Interest in this compound has been renewed in recent years, first from its identification as a chemopreventive agent for skin cancer, and subsequently from reports that it activates sirtuin deacetylases and extends the lifespans of lower organisms. Despite scepticism concerning its bioavailability, a growing body of in vivo evidence indicates that resveratrol has protective effects in rodent models of stress and disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive and critical review of the in vivo data on resveratrol, and consider its potential as a therapeutic for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Baur
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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