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Bravo-Olín J, Martínez-Carreón SA, Francisco-Solano E, Lara AR, Beltran-Vargas NE. Analysis of the role of perfusion, mechanical, and electrical stimulation in bioreactors for cardiac tissue engineering. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:767-839. [PMID: 38643271 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Since cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally one of the leading causes of death, of which myocardial infarction (MI) can cause irreversible damage and decrease survivors' quality of life, novel therapeutics are needed. Current approaches such as organ transplantation do not fully restore cardiac function or are limited. As a valuable strategy, tissue engineering seeks to obtain constructs that resemble myocardial tissue, vessels, and heart valves using cells, biomaterials as scaffolds, biochemical and physical stimuli. The latter can be induced using a bioreactor mimicking the heart's physiological environment. An extensive review of bioreactors providing perfusion, mechanical and electrical stimulation, as well as the combination of them is provided. An analysis of the stimulations' mechanisms and modes that best suit cardiac construct culture is developed. Finally, we provide insights into bioreactor configuration and culture assessment properties that need to be elucidated for its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bravo-Olín
- Biological Engineering Undergraduate Program, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Sabina A Martínez-Carreón
- Biological Engineering Undergraduate Program, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Emmanuel Francisco-Solano
- Natural Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Alvaro R Lara
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nohra E Beltran-Vargas
- Process and Technology Department, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México.
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2
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Ren Z, Harriot AD, Mair DB, Chung MK, Lee PHU, Kim DH. Biomanufacturing of 3D Tissue Constructs in Microgravity and their Applications in Human Pathophysiological Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300157. [PMID: 37483106 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in bioengineering in-vivo-like 3D functional tissues has led to novel approaches to the biomanufacturing process as well as expanded applications for these unique tissue constructs. Microgravity, as seen in spaceflight, is a unique environment that may be beneficial to the tissue-engineering process but cannot be completely replicated on Earth. Additionally, the expense and practical challenges of conducting human and animal research in space make bioengineered microphysiological systems an attractive research model. In this review, published research that exploits real and simulated microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of a wide range of tissue types as well as those studies that use microphysiological systems, such as organ/tissue chips and multicellular organoids, for modeling human diseases in space are summarized. This review discusses real and simulated microgravity platforms and applications in tissue-engineered microphysiological systems across three topics: 1) application of microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of tissue constructs, 2) use of tissue constructs fabricated in microgravity as models for human diseases on Earth, and 3) investigating the effects of microgravity on human tissues using biofabricated in vitro models. These current achievements represent important progress in understanding the physiological effects of microgravity and exploiting their advantages for tissue biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Anicca D Harriot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Peter H U Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, 02720, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
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3
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Licata JP, Schwab KH, Har-El YE, Gerstenhaber JA, Lelkes PI. Bioreactor Technologies for Enhanced Organoid Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11427. [PMID: 37511186 PMCID: PMC10380004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. Recent work has seen organoids gain prominence as a valuable model for studying tissue development, drug discovery, and potential clinical applications. The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. The generation and maturation of high-fidelity organoids entails developing and optimizing environmental conditions to provide the optimal cues for growth and 3D maturation, such as oxygenation, mechanical and fluidic activation, nutrition gradients, etc. To this end, we discuss the four main categories of bioreactors used for organoid culture: stirred bioreactors (SBR), microfluidic bioreactors (MFB), rotating wall vessels (RWV), and electrically stimulating (ES) bioreactors. We aim to lay out the state-of-the-art of both commercial and in-house developed bioreactor systems, their benefits to the culture of organoids derived from various cells and tissues, and the limitations of bioreactor technology, including sterilization, accessibility, and suitability and ease of use for long-term culture. Finally, we discuss future directions for improvements to existing bioreactor technology and how they may be used to enhance organoid culture for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Licata
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Kyle H Schwab
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yah-El Har-El
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jonathan A Gerstenhaber
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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4
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Wang J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Shuai Y, Xu Z, Wan Q, Chen Y, Yang M. Graphene Oxide-Coated Patterned Silk Fibroin Films Promote Cell Adhesion and Induce Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:990. [PMID: 37371570 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the treatment of myocardial damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are extensively used in tissue engineering. However, transformation of MSCs into cardiac myocytes is still a challenge. Furthermore, weak adhesion of MSCs to substrates often results in poor cell viability. Here, we designed a composite matrix based on silk fibroin (SF) and graphene oxide (GO) for improving the cell adhesion and directing the differentiation of MSCs into cardiac myocytes. Specifically, patterned SF films were first produced by soft lithographic. After being treated by air plasma, GO nanosheets could be successfully coated on the patterned SF films to construct the desired matrix (P-GSF). The resultant P-GSF films presented a nano-topographic surface characterized by linear grooves interlaced with GO ridges. The P-GSF films exhibited high protein absorption and suitable mechanical strength. Furthermore, the P-GSF films accelerated the early cell adhesion and directed the growth orientation of MSCs. RT-PCR results and immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated that the P-GSF films significantly improved the cardiomyogenic differentiation of MSCs. This work indicates that patterned SF films coated with GO are promising matrix in the field of myocardial repair tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yajun Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zongpu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuyin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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5
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Whole-Heart Tissue Engineering and Cardiac Patches: Challenges and Promises. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010106. [PMID: 36671678 PMCID: PMC9855348 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite all the advances in preventing, diagnosing, and treating cardiovascular disorders, they still account for a significant part of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The advent of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has provided novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of various diseases. Tissue engineering relies on three pillars: scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factors. Gene and cell therapy methods have been introduced as primary approaches to cardiac tissue engineering. Although the application of gene and cell therapy has resulted in improved regeneration of damaged cardiac tissue, further studies are needed to resolve their limitations, enhance their effectiveness, and translate them into the clinical setting. Scaffolds from synthetic, natural, or decellularized sources have provided desirable characteristics for the repair of cardiac tissue. Decellularized scaffolds are widely studied in heart regeneration, either as cell-free constructs or cell-seeded platforms. The application of human- or animal-derived decellularized heart patches has promoted the regeneration of heart tissue through in vivo and in vitro studies. Due to the complexity of cardiac tissue engineering, there is still a long way to go before cardiac patches or decellularized whole-heart scaffolds can be routinely used in clinical practice. This paper aims to review the decellularized whole-heart scaffolds and cardiac patches utilized in the regeneration of damaged cardiac tissue. Moreover, various decellularization methods related to these scaffolds will be discussed.
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6
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Yin Q, Zhu P, Liu W, Gao Z, Zhao L, Wang C, Li S, Zhu M, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Wang C, Zhou J. A Conductive Bioengineered Cardiac Patch for Myocardial Infarction Treatment by Improving Tissue Electrical Integrity. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201856. [PMID: 36226990 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Conductive scaffolds are of great value for constructing functional myocardial tissues and promoting tissue reconstruction in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, a novel scaffold composed of silk fibroin and polypyrrole (SP50) with a typical sponge-like porous structure and electrical conductivity similar to the native myocardium is developed. An electroactive engineered cardiac patch (SP50 ECP) with a certain thickness is constructed by applying electrical stimulation (ES) to the cardiomyocytes (CMs) on the scaffold. SP50 ECP can significantly express cardiac marker protein (α-actinin, Cx-43, and cTnT) and has better contractility and electrical coupling performance. Following in vivo transplantation, SP50 ECP shows a notable therapeutic effect in repairing infarcted myocardium. Not only can SP50 ECP effectively improves left ventricular remodeling and restore cardiac functions, such as ejection function (EF), but more importantly, improves the propagation of electrical pulses and promote the synchronous contraction of CMs in the scar area with normal myocardium, effectively reducing the susceptibility of MI rats to arrhythmias. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a facile approach to constructing electroactive ECPs based on porous conductive scaffolds and proves the therapeutic effects of ECPs in repairing the infarcted heart, which may represent a promising strategy for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbao Gao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Luming Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
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7
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Xu Y, Qi J, Zhou W, Liu X, Zhang L, Yao X, Wu H. Generation of ring-shaped human iPSC-derived functional heart microtissues in a Möbius strip configuration. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been used for disease modeling and drug discovery, clinically relevant three-dimensional (3D) functional myocardial microtissues are lacking. Here, we developed a novel ring-shaped cardiac microtissue comprised of chamber-specific tissues to achieve a geometrically non-orientable ventricular myocardial band, similar to a Möbius loop. The ring-shaped cardiac tissue was constructed of hiPSC-CMs and human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs) through a facile cellular self-assembly approach. It exhibited basic anatomical structure, positive cardiac troponin T (cTnT) immunostaining, regular calcium transients, and cardiac-like mechanical strength. The cardiac rings can be self-assembled and scaled up into various sizes with outstanding stability, suggesting their potential for precise therapy, pathophysiological investigation, and large-scale drug screening.
Graphic abstract
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8
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Next generation of heart regenerative therapies: progress and promise of cardiac tissue engineering. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34075050 PMCID: PMC8169890 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult heart is a vital and highly specialized organ of the human body, with limited capability of self-repair and regeneration in case of injury or disease. Engineering biomimetic cardiac tissue to regenerate the heart has been an ambition in the field of tissue engineering, tracing back to the 1990s. Increased understanding of human stem cell biology and advances in process engineering have provided an unlimited source of cells, particularly cardiomyocytes, for the development of functional cardiac muscle, even though pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes poorly resemble those of the adult heart. This review outlines key biology-inspired strategies reported to improve cardiomyocyte maturation features and current biofabrication approaches developed to engineer clinically relevant cardiac tissues. It also highlights the potential use of this technology in drug discovery science and disease modeling as well as the current efforts to translate it into effective therapies that improve heart function and promote regeneration.
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9
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Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues hold tremendous promise for in vitro drug discovery, studies of heart development and disease, and therapeutic applications. Here, we describe a versatile "frame-hydrogel" methodology to generate engineered cardiac tissues with highly mature functional properties. This methodology has been successfully utilized with a variety of cell sources (neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, human and mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes) to generate tissues with diverse 3D geometries (patch, bundle, network) and levels of structural and functional anisotropy. Maturation of such engineered cardiac tissues is rapidly achieved without the need for exogenous electrical or mechanical stimulation or use of complex bioreactors, with tissues routinely reaching conduction velocities and specific forces of 25 cm/s and 20 mN/mm2, respectively, and forces per input cardiomyocyte of up to 12 nN. This method is reproducible and readily scalable to generate small tissues ideal for in vitro testing as well as tissues with large, clinically relevant dimensions.
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10
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Tadevosyan K, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Prósper F, Raya A. Engineering and Assessing Cardiac Tissue Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031479. [PMID: 33540699 PMCID: PMC7867236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is very much in a current focus of regenerative medicine research as it represents a promising strategy for cardiac disease modelling, cardiotoxicity testing and cardiovascular repair. Advances in this field over the last two decades have enabled the generation of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs with progressively increased functional capabilities. However, reproducing tissue-like properties is still a pending issue, as constructs generated to date remain immature relative to native adult heart. Moreover, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the methodologies used to assess the functionality and cardiac maturation state of engineered cardiac tissue constructs, which further complicates the comparison of constructs generated in different ways. Here, we present an overview of the general approaches developed to generate functional cardiac tissues, discussing the different cell sources, biomaterials, and types of engineering strategies utilized to date. Moreover, we discuss the main functional assays used to evaluate the cardiac maturation state of the constructs, both at the cellular and the tissue levels. We trust that researchers interested in developing engineered cardiac tissue constructs will find the information reviewed here useful. Furthermore, we believe that providing a unified framework for comparison will further the development of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs displaying the specific properties best suited for each particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tadevosyan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
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Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part II: Systems and Applications. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this second part of our systematic review on the research area of 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors we give a detailed description of the published work with regard to the existing micro-bioreactor types and their applications, and highlight important results gathered with the respective systems. As an interesting detail, we found that micro-bioreactors have already been used in SARS-CoV research prior to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As our literature research revealed a variety of 3D cell culture configurations in the examined bioreactor systems, we defined in review part one “complexity levels” by means of the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques applied in the systems. The definition of the complexity is thereby based on the knowledge that the spatial distribution of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and the spatial distribution of homologous and heterologous cell–cell contacts play an important role in modulating cell functions. Because at least one of these parameters can be assigned to the 3D cell culture techniques discussed in the present review, we structured the studies according to the complexity levels applied in the MBR systems.
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12
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Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part I: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature Published between 2000 and 2020. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool for mammalian 3D cell cultures. In this systematic review we analyze the literature in the field of eukaryotic 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors within the last 20 years. For this, we define complexity levels with regard to the cellular 3D microenvironment concerning cell–matrix-contact, cell–cell-contact and the number of different cell types present at the same time. Moreover, we examine the data with regard to the micro-bioreactor design including mode of cell stimulation/nutrient supply and materials used for the micro-bioreactors, the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques and the related cellular microenvironment, the cell types and in vitro models used. As a data source we used the National Library of Medicine and analyzed the studies published from 2000 to 2020.
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13
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Lee JM, Yeong WY. Engineering macroscale cell alignment through coordinated toolpath design using support-assisted 3D bioprinting. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200294. [PMID: 32674709 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aligned cells provide direction-dependent mechanical properties that influence biological and mechanical function in native tissues. Alignment techniques such as casting and uniaxial stretching cannot fully replicate the complex fibre orientation of native tissue such as the heart. In this study, bioprinting is used to direct the orientation of cell alignment. A 0°-90° grid structure was printed to assess the robustness of the support-assisted bioprinting technique. The variation in the angles of the grid pattern is designed to mimic the differences in fibril orientation of native tissues, where angles of cell alignment vary across the different layers. Through bioprinting of a cell-hydrogel mixture, C2C12 cells displayed directed alignment along the longitudinal axis of printed struts. Cell alignment is induced through firstly establishing structurally stable constructs (i.e. distinct 0°-90° structures) and secondly, allowing cells to dynamically remodel the bioprinted construct. Herein reports a method of inducing a macroscale level of controlled cell alignment with angle variation. This was not achievable both in terms of methods (i.e. conventional alignment techniques such as stretching and electrical stimulation) and magnitude (i.e. hydrogel features with less than 100 µm features).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min Lee
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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14
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Appiah C, Arndt C, Siemsen K, Heitmann A, Staubitz A, Selhuber-Unkel C. Living Materials Herald a New Era in Soft Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807747. [PMID: 31267628 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Living beings have an unsurpassed range of ways to manipulate objects and interact with them. They can make autonomous decisions and can heal themselves. So far, a conventional robot cannot mimic this complexity even remotely. Classical robots are often used to help with lifting and gripping and thus to alleviate the effects of menial tasks. Sensors can render robots responsive, and artificial intelligence aims at enabling autonomous responses. Inanimate soft robots are a step in this direction, but it will only be in combination with living systems that full complexity will be achievable. The field of biohybrid soft robotics provides entirely new concepts to address current challenges, for example the ability to self-heal, enable a soft touch, or to show situational versatility. Therefore, "living materials" are at the heart of this review. Similarly to biological taxonomy, there is a recent effort for taxonomy of biohybrid soft robotics. Here, an expansion is proposed to take into account not only function and origin of biohybrid soft robotic components, but also the materials. This materials taxonomy key demonstrates visually that materials science will drive the development of the field of soft biohybrid robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Appiah
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christine Arndt
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Siemsen
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Heitmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
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15
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Tahrir FG, Gordon J, Feldman AM, Cheung J, Khalili K, Ahooyi TM. Evidence for the impact of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity of primary culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18371-18381. [PMID: 30932190 PMCID: PMC6830737 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of proteins involved in contractility of individual cardiomyocytes and those coupling adjacent cells is of critical importance as any abnormalities in cardiac electrical conduction may result in cardiac irregular activity and heart failure. Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a stress-induced protein whose role in stabilizing myofibril proteins as well as protein quality control pathways, especially in the cardiac tissue, has captured much attention. Mutations of BAG3 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications such as dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, we have used an in vitro model of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes to investigate potential impacts of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity by employing the microelectrode array (MEA) technology. Our MEA data showed that BAG3 plays an important role in the cardiac signal generation as reduced levels of BAG3 led to lower signal frequency and amplitude. Our analysis also revealed that BAG3 is essential to the signal propagation throughout the myocardium, as the MEA data-based conduction velocity, connectivity degree, activation time, and synchrony were adversely affected by BAG3 knockdown. Moreover, BAG3 deficiency was demonstrated to be connected with the emergence of independently beating clusters of cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, BAG3 overexpression improved the activity of cardiomyocytes in terms of electrical signal amplitude and connectivity degree. Overall, by providing more in-depth analyses and characterization of electrophysiological parameters, this study reveals that BAG3 is of critical importance for electrical activity of neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh G. Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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16
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Seow WY, Kandasamy K, Purnamawati K, Sun W, Hauser CA. Thin peptide hydrogel membranes suitable as scaffolds for engineering layered biostructures. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:293-300. [PMID: 30721784 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A short tetramer peptide, Ac-IVKC, spontaneously formed a hydrogel in water. Disulfide bonds were introduced via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-assisted oxidation, resulting in (Ac-IVKC)2 dimers. The extent of disulfide bond formation and gel stiffness increased with the amount of H2O2 used and 100% dimerization was achieved with 0.2% H2O2. The resultant gel achieved an elastic modulus of ∼0.9 MPa, which to our knowledge, has not been reported for peptide-based hydrogels. The enhanced mechanical property enabled the fabrication of thin and transparent membranes. The hydrogel could also be handled with forceps at mm thickness, greatly increasing its ease of physical manipulation. Excess H2O2 was removed and the membrane was then infused with cell culture media. Various cells, including primary human corneal stromal and epithelial cells, were seeded onto the hydrogel membrane and demonstrated to remain viable. Depending on the intended application, specific cell combination or membrane stacking order could be used to engineer layered biostructures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A short tetramer peptide - Ac-IVKC - spontaneously formed a hydrogel in water and disulfide bonds were introduced via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-assisted oxidation. The extent of disulfide-bond formation and gel stiffness were modulated by the amount of H2O2. At maximum disulfide-bond formation, the hydrogel achieved an elastic modulus of ∼0.9 MPa, which to our knowledge, has not been reported for peptide-based hydrogels. The enhanced mechanical property enabled the fabrication of thin transparent membranes that can be physically manipulated at mm thickness. The gels also supported 3D cell growth, including primary human corneal stromal and epithelial cells. Depending on the intended application, specific combination of cells or individual membrane stacking order could be used to engineer layered biostructures.
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17
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Biomaterializing the promise of cardiac tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 42:107353. [PMID: 30794878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During an average individual's lifespan, the human heart pumps nearly 200 million liters of blood delivered by approximately 3 billion heartbeats. Therefore, it is not surprising that native myocardium under this incredible demand is extraordinarily complex, both structurally and functionally. As a result, successful engineering of adult-mimetic functional cardiac tissues is likely to require utilization of highly specialized biomaterials representative of the native extracellular microenvironment. There is currently no single biomaterial that fully recapitulates the architecture or the biochemical and biomechanical properties of adult myocardium. However, significant effort has gone toward designing highly functional materials and tissue constructs that may one day provide a ready source of cardiac tissue grafts to address the overwhelming burden of cardiomyopathic disease. In the near term, biomaterial-based scaffolds are helping to generate in vitro systems for querying the mechanisms underlying human heart homeostasis and disease and discovering new, patient-specific therapeutics. When combined with advances in minimally-invasive cardiac delivery, ongoing efforts will likely lead to scalable cell and biomaterial technologies for use in clinical practice. In this review, we describe recent progress in the field of cardiac tissue engineering with particular emphasis on use of biomaterials for therapeutic tissue design and delivery.
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18
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Sornkamnerd S, Okajima MK, Matsumura K, Kaneko T. Micropatterned Cell Orientation of Cyanobacterial Liquid-Crystalline Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44834-44843. [PMID: 30480994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Control of cell extension direction is crucial for the regeneration of tissues, which are generally composed of oriented molecules. The scaffolds of highly oriented liquid crystalline polymer chains were fabricated by casting cyanobacterial mega-saccharides, sacran, on parallel-aligned micrometer bars of polystyrene (PS). Polarized microscopy revealed that the orientation was in transverse direction to the longitudinal axes of the PS bars. Swelling behavior of the micropatterned hydrogels was dependent on the distance between the PS bars. The mechanical properties of these scaffolds were dependent on the structural orientation; additionally, the Young's moduli in the transverse direction were higher than those in the parallel direction to the major axes of the PS bars. Further, fibroblast L929 cells were cultivated on the oriented scaffolds to be aligned along the orientation axis. L929 cells cultured on these scaffolds exhibited uniaxial elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranyoo Sornkamnerd
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering , Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, (VISTEC) , Payupnai , Wang Chan 21210 , Thailand
| | - Maiko K Okajima
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
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19
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Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Yao Y, Liao W, Yu R, Du Y, Zhang T, Peng Q. Potentials of combining nanomaterials and stem cell therapy in myocardial repair. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1623-1638. [PMID: 30028249 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. Developing efficient strategies to treat such diseases is of great urgency. Stem cell-based regeneration medicine offers a novel approach for heart repair. However, low retention and poor survival rate of engrafted cells limit its applications. Nanomaterials have shown great potentials in addressing above issues due to nanoparticles-bio interactions. Therefore, combining nanomaterials and stem cell therapy is of great interest and significance for heart repair. Herein, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the applications of four types of nanomaterials (nanogels, polymeric nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials and exosomes) in stem cell therapy for myocardial repair. In addition, we launch an initial discussion on current problems and more importantly, possible solutions for myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Oral Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruichao Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology & Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Aubin H. Extrazelluläre Matrixgerüste auf Basis von dezellularisiertem nativem Gewebe. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-018-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Visone R, Talò G, Occhetta P, Cruz-Moreira D, Lopa S, Pappalardo OA, Redaelli A, Moretti M, Rasponi M. A microscale biomimetic platform for generation and electro-mechanical stimulation of 3D cardiac microtissues. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:046102. [PMID: 31069324 PMCID: PMC6481729 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chip technology has recently emerged as a promising tool to generate advanced cardiac tissue in vitro models, by recapitulating key physiological cues of the native myocardium. Biochemical, mechanical, and electrical stimuli have been investigated and demonstrated to enhance the maturation of cardiac constructs. However, the combined application of such stimulations on 3D organized constructs within a microfluidic platform was not yet achieved. For this purpose, we developed an innovative microbioreactor designed to provide a uniform electric field and cyclic uniaxial strains to 3D cardiac microtissues, recapitulating the complex electro-mechanical environment of the heart. The platform encompasses a compartment to confine and culture cell-laden hydrogels, a pressure-actuated chamber to apply a cyclic uniaxial stretch to microtissues, and stainless-steel electrodes to accurately regulate the electric field. The platform was exploited to investigate the effect of two different electrical stimulation patterns on cardiac microtissues from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes: a controlled electric field [5 V/cm, or low voltage (LV)] and a controlled current density [74.4 mA/cm2, or high voltage (HV)]. Our results demonstrated that LV stimulation enhanced the beating properties of the microtissues. By fully exploiting the platform, we combined the LV electrical stimulation with a physiologic mechanical stretch (10% strain) to recapitulate the key cues of the native cardiac microenvironment. The proposed microbioreactor represents an innovative tool to culture improved miniaturized cardiac tissue models for basic research studies on heart physiopathology and for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Omar Antonio Pappalardo
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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23
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Modeling Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Context of the Microenvironment: Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Comes of Age. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00282-18. [PMID: 30181350 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00282-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues and organs provide the structural and biochemical landscapes upon which microbial pathogens and commensals function to regulate health and disease. While flat two-dimensional (2-D) monolayers composed of a single cell type have provided important insight into understanding host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, these reductionist models lack many essential features present in the native host microenvironment that are known to regulate infection, including three-dimensional (3-D) architecture, multicellular complexity, commensal microbiota, gas exchange and nutrient gradients, and physiologically relevant biomechanical forces (e.g., fluid shear, stretch, compression). A major challenge in tissue engineering for infectious disease research is recreating this dynamic 3-D microenvironment (biological, chemical, and physical/mechanical) to more accurately model the initiation and progression of host-pathogen interactions in the laboratory. Here we review selected 3-D models of human intestinal mucosa, which represent a major portal of entry for infectious pathogens and an important niche for commensal microbiota. We highlight seminal studies that have used these models to interrogate host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, and we present this literature in the appropriate historical context. Models discussed include 3-D organotypic cultures engineered in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, extracellular matrix (ECM)-embedded/organoid models, and organ-on-a-chip (OAC) models. Collectively, these technologies provide a more physiologically relevant and predictive framework for investigating infectious disease mechanisms and antimicrobial therapies at the intersection of the host, microbe, and their local microenvironments.
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24
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Rodrigues ICP, Kaasi A, Maciel Filho R, Jardini AL, Gabriel LP. Cardiac tissue engineering: current state-of-the-art materials, cells and tissue formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:eRB4538. [PMID: 30281764 PMCID: PMC6178861 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082018rb4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death worldwide. The heart has limited capacity of regeneration, therefore, transplantation is the only solution in some cases despite presenting many disadvantages. Tissue engineering has been considered the ideal strategy for regenerative medicine in cardiology. It is an interdisciplinary field combining many techniques that aim to maintain, regenerate or replace a tissue or organ. The main approach of cardiac tissue engineering is to create cardiac grafts, either whole heart substitutes or tissues that can be efficiently implanted in the organism, regenerating the tissue and giving rise to a fully functional heart, without causing side effects, such as immunogenicity. In this review, we systematically present and compare the techniques that have drawn the most attention in this field and that generally have focused on four important issues: the scaffold material selection, the scaffold material production, cellular selection and in vitro cell culture. Many studies used several techniques that are herein presented, including biopolymers, decellularization and bioreactors, and made significant advances, either seeking a graft or an entire bioartificial heart. However, much work remains to better understand and improve existing techniques, to develop robust, efficient and efficacious methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubens Maciel Filho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biofabricação, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Jardini
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biofabricação, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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25
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Cui H, Miao S, Esworthy T, Zhou X, Lee SJ, Liu C, Yu ZX, Fisher JP, Mohiuddin M, Zhang LG. 3D bioprinting for cardiovascular regeneration and pharmacology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:252-269. [PMID: 30053441 PMCID: PMC6226324 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Compared to traditional therapeutic strategies, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is one of the most advanced techniques for creating complicated cardiovascular implants with biomimetic features, which are capable of recapitulating both the native physiochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the cardiovascular system. The present review provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, as well as describes the principles of, and recent advances in, 3D bioprinting cardiovascular tissues and models. Moreover, this review will focus on the applications of 3D bioprinting technology in cardiovascular repair/regeneration and pharmacological modeling, further discussing current challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Shida Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Se-Jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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26
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Rotenberg MY, Tian B. Talking to cells: semiconductor nanomaterials at the cellular interface. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700242. [PMID: 30906852 PMCID: PMC6430216 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The interface of biological components with semiconductors is a growing field with numerous applications. For example, the interfaces can be used to sense and modulate the electrical activity of single cells and tissues. From the materials point of view, silicon is the ideal option for such studies due to its controlled chemical synthesis, scalable lithography for functional devices, excellent electronic and optical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Recent advances in this area are pushing the bio-interfaces from the tissue and organ level to the single cell and sub-cellular regimes. In this progress report, we will describe some fundamental studies focusing on miniaturizing the bioelectric and biomechanical interfaces. Additionally, many of our highlighted examples involve freestanding silicon-based nanoscale systems, in addition to substrate-bound structures or devices; the former offers new promise for basic research and clinical application. In this report, we will describe recent developments in the interfacing of neuronal and cardiac cells and their networks. Moreover, we will briefly discuss the incorporation of semiconductor nanostructures for interfacing non-excitable cells in applications such as probing intracellular force dynamics and drug delivery. Finally, we will suggest several directions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, IL 60637
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27
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Naveed M, Han L, Khan GJ, Yasmeen S, Mikrani R, Abbas M, Cunyu L, Xiaohui Z. Cardio-supportive devices (VRD & DCC device) and patches for advanced heart failure: A review, summary of state of the art and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:41-54. [PMID: 29549728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complicated pathophysiological syndrome, leading cause of hospitalization as well as mortalities in developed countries wherein an irregular function of the heart leads to the insufficient blood supply to the body organs. It is an accumulative slackening of various complications including myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CAD), hypertension, valvular heart disease (VHD) and cardiomyopathy; its hallmarks include hypertrophy, increased interstitial fibrosis and loss of myocytes. The etiology of CHF is very complex and despite the rapid advancement in pharmacological and device-based interventional therapies still, a single therapy may not be sufficient to meet the demand for coping with the diseases. Total artificial hearts (TAH) and ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been widely used clinically to assist patients with severe HF. Unfortunately, direct contact between the patient's blood and device leads to thromboembolic events, and then coagulatory factors, as well as, infection contribute significantly to complicate the situation. There is no effective treatment of HF except cardiac transplantation, however, genetic variations, tissue mismatch; differences in certain immune response and socioeconomic crisis are an important concern with cardiac transplantation suggesting an alternate bridge to transplant (BTT) or destination therapies (DT). For these reasons, researchers have turned to mechanically driven compression devices, ventricular restraint devices (VRD) and heart patches. The ASD is a combination of all operational patches and cardiac support devices (CSD) by delivering biological agents and can restrain or compress the heart. Present study summarizes the accessible peer-reviewed literature focusing on the mechanism of Direct Cardiac Compression (DCC) devices, VRD and patches and their acquaintance to optimize the therapeutic efficacy in a synergistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Worker Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Sufia Yasmeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Li Cunyu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zhou Xiaohui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, PR China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, PR China.
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28
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Wang B, Patnaik SS, Brazile B, Butler JR, Claude A, Zhang G, Guan J, Hong Y, Liao J. Establishing Early Functional Perfusion and Structure in Tissue Engineered Cardiac Constructs. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 43:455-71. [PMID: 27480586 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2016016066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes massive heart muscle death and remains a leading cause of death in the world. Cardiac tissue engineering aims to replace the infarcted tissues with functional engineered heart muscles or revitalize the infarcted heart by delivering cells, bioactive factors, and/or biomaterials. One major challenge of cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration is the establishment of functional perfusion and structure to achieve timely angiogenesis and effective vascularization, which are essential to the survival of thick implants and the integration of repaired tissue with host heart. In this paper, we review four major approaches to promoting angiogenesis and vascularization in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration: delivery of pro-angiogenic factors/molecules, direct cell implantation/cell sheet grafting, fabrication of prevascularized cardiac constructs, and the use of bioreactors to promote angiogenesis and vascularization. We further provide a detailed review and discussion on the early perfusion design in nature-derived biomaterials, synthetic biodegradable polymers, tissue-derived acellular scaffolds/whole hearts, and hydrogel derived from extracellular matrix. A better understanding of the current approaches and their advantages, limitations, and hurdles could be useful for developing better materials for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Sourav S Patnaik
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Bryn Brazile
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - J Ryan Butler
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Andrew Claude
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
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29
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Ozawa T, Mickle DAG, Weisel RD, Matsubayashi K, Fujii T, Fedak PWM, Koyama N, Ikada Y, Li RK. Tissue-Engineered Grafts Matured in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract. Cell Transplant 2017; 13:169-177. [DOI: 10.3727/000000004773301852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous smooth muscle cell (SMC)-seeded biodegradable scaffolds could be a suitable material to repair some pediatric right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) cardiac anomalies. Adult syngenic Lewis rat SMCs (2 × 106) were seeded onto a new biodegradable copolymer sponge made of ∊-caprolactone-co-L-lactide reinforced with poly-L-lactide fabric (PCLA). Two weeks after seeding, the patch was used to repair a surgically created RVOT defect in an adult rat. At 8 weeks after implantation the spongy copolymer component was biodegraded, and SM tissue and extracellular matrices containing elastin fibers were present in the scaffolds. By 22 weeks more fibroblasts and collagen were present (p < 0.05). The number of capillaries in the grafts also increased (p < 0.001) between 8 and 22 weeks. The fibrous poly-L-lactide component of the PCLA scaffold remained. The 22-week grafts maintained their thickness and surface area in the RVOT. The SMCs prior to implantation were in a synthetic phenotype and developed in vivo into a more contractile phenotype. By 8 weeks the patches were endothelialized on their endocardial surfaces. Future work to increase the SM tissue and elastin content in the patch will be necessary before implantation into a pediatric large-animal model is tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ozawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Donald A. G. Mickle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard D. Weisel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Keiji Matsubayashi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Takeshiro Fujii
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul W. M. Fedak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Ren-Ke Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
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30
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Three-dimensional in vitro gut model on a villi-shaped collagen scaffold. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-1307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Sadeghi AH, Shin SR, Deddens JC, Fratta G, Mandla S, Yazdi IK, Prakash G, Antona S, Demarchi D, Buijsrogge MP, Sluijter JPG, Hjortnaes J, Khademhosseini A. Engineered 3D Cardiac Fibrotic Tissue to Study Fibrotic Remodeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201601434. [PMID: 28498548 PMCID: PMC5545804 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is considered to play an essential role in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. A limiting factor in studying this process is the spontaneous activation of cardiac fibroblasts when cultured on two-dimensional (2D) culture plates. In this study, a simplified three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel platform of contractile cardiac tissue, stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), is presented to recapitulate a fibrogenic microenvironment. It is hypothesized that the quiescent state of cardiac fibroblasts can be maintained by mimicking the mechanical stiffness of native heart tissue. To test this hypothesis, a 3D cell culture model consisting of cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts encapsulated within a mechanically engineered gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel, is developed. The study shows that cardiac fibroblasts maintain their quiescent phenotype in mechanically tuned hydrogels. Additionally, treatment with a beta-adrenergic agonist increases beating frequency, demonstrating physiologic-like behavior of the heart constructs. Subsequently, quiescent cardiac fibroblasts within the constructs are activated by the exogenous addition of TGF-β1. The expression of fibrotic protein markers (and the functional changes in mechanical stiffness) in the fibrotic-like tissues are analyzed to validate the model. Overall, this 3D engineered culture model of contractile cardiac tissue enables controlled activation of cardiac fibroblasts, demonstrating the usability of this platform to study fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Sadeghi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Janine C Deddens
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Fratta
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Mandla
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gyan Prakash
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Silvia Antona
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Marc P Buijsrogge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 130-701, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Valarmathi MT, Fuseler JW, Potts JD, Davis JM, Price RL. Functional Tissue Engineering: A Prevascularized Cardiac Muscle Construct for Validating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Engraftment Potential In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:157-185. [PMID: 28457188 PMCID: PMC5770135 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of somatic stem cells in the stimulation of mammalian cardiac muscle regeneration is still in its early stages, and so far, it has been difficult to determine the efficacy of the procedures that have been employed. The outstanding question remains whether stem cells derived from the bone marrow or some other location within or outside of the heart can populate a region of myocardial damage and transform into tissue-specific differentiated progenies, and also exhibit functional synchronization. Consequently, this necessitates the development of an appropriate in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model of cardiomyogenesis and prompts the development of a 3D cardiac muscle construct for tissue engineering purposes, especially using the somatic stem cell, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). To this end, we have created an in vitro 3D functional prevascularized cardiac muscle construct using embryonic cardiac myocytes (eCMs) and hMSCs. First, to generate the prevascularized scaffold, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and hMSCs were cocultured onto a 3D collagen cell carrier (CCC) for 7 days under vasculogenic culture conditions; hCMVECs/hMSCs underwent maturation, differentiation, and morphogenesis characteristic of microvessels, and formed dense vascular networks. Next, the eCMs and hMSCs were cocultured onto this generated prevascularized CCCs for further 7 or 14 days in myogenic culture conditions. Finally, the vascular and cardiac phenotypic inductions were characterized at the morphological, immunological, biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. Expression and functional analyses of the differentiated progenies revealed neo-cardiomyogenesis and neo-vasculogenesis. In this milieu, for instance, not only were hMSCs able to couple electromechanically with developing eCMs but were also able to contribute to the developing vasculature as mural cells, respectively. Hence, our unique 3D coculture system provides us a reproducible and quintessential in vitro 3D model of cardiomyogenesis and a functioning prevascularized 3D cardiac graft that can be utilized for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani T Valarmathi
- 1 Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - John W Fuseler
- 2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jay D Potts
- 3 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey M Davis
- 3 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Robert L Price
- 3 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
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33
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Valarmathi MT, Fuseler JW, Davis JM, Price RL. A Novel Human Tissue-Engineered 3-D Functional Vascularized Cardiac Muscle Construct. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:2. [PMID: 28194397 PMCID: PMC5276820 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ tissue engineering, including cardiovascular tissues, has been an area of intense investigation. The major challenge to these approaches has been the inability to vascularize and perfuse the in vitro engineered tissue constructs. Attempts to provide oxygen and nutrients to the cells contained in the biomaterial constructs have had varying degrees of success. The aim of this current study is to develop a three-dimensional (3-D) model of vascularized cardiac tissue to examine the concurrent temporal and spatial regulation of cardiomyogenesis in the context of postnatal de novo vasculogenesis during stem cell cardiac regeneration. In order to achieve the above aim, we have developed an in vitro 3-D functional vascularized cardiac muscle construct using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived embryonic cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-ECMs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). First, to generate the prevascularized scaffold, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and hMSCs were co-cultured onto a 3-D collagen cell carrier (CCC) for 7 days under vasculogenic culture conditions. In this milieu, hCMVECs/hMSCs underwent maturation, differentiation, and morphogenesis characteristic of microvessels, and formed extensive plexuses of vascular networks. Next, the hiPSC-ECMs and hMSCs were co-cultured onto this generated prevascularized CCCs for further 7 or 14 days in myogenic culture conditions. Finally, the vascular and cardiac phenotypic inductions were analyzed at the morphological, immunological, biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. Expression and functional analyses of the differentiated cells revealed neo-angiogenesis and neo-cardiomyogenesis. Thus, our unique 3-D co-culture system provided us the apt in vitro functional vascularized 3-D cardiac patch that can be utilized for cellular cardiomyoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani T Valarmathi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John W Fuseler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Robert L Price
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA
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34
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Jackman CP, Carlson AL, Bursac N. Dynamic culture yields engineered myocardium with near-adult functional output. Biomaterials 2016; 111:66-79. [PMID: 27723557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues hold promise for cell therapy and drug development, but exhibit inadequate function and maturity. In this study, we sought to significantly improve the function and maturation of rat and human engineered cardiac tissues. We developed dynamic, free-floating culture conditions for engineering "cardiobundles", 3-dimensional cylindrical tissues made from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) embedded in fibrin-based hydrogel. Compared to static culture, 2-week dynamic culture of neonatal rat cardiobundles significantly increased expression of sarcomeric proteins, cardiomyocyte size (∼2.1-fold), contractile force (∼3.5-fold), and conduction velocity of action potentials (∼1.4-fold). The average contractile force per cross-sectional area (59.7 mN/mm2) and conduction velocity (52.5 cm/s) matched or approached those of adult rat myocardium, respectively. The inferior function of statically cultured cardiobundles was rescued by transfer to dynamic conditions, which was accompanied by an increase in mTORC1 activity and decline in AMPK phosphorylation and was blocked by rapamycin. Furthermore, dynamic culture effects did not stimulate ERK1/2 pathway and were insensitive to blockers of mechanosensitive channels, suggesting increased nutrient availability rather than mechanical stimulation as the upstream activator of mTORC1. Direct comparison with phenylephrine treatment confirmed that dynamic culture promoted physiological cardiomyocyte growth rather than pathological hypertrophy. Optimized dynamic culture conditions also augmented function of human cardiobundles made reproducibly from cardiomyocytes derived from multiple hPSC lines, resulting in significantly increased contraction force (∼2.5-fold) and conduction velocity (∼1.4-fold). The average specific force of 23.2 mN/mm2 and conduction velocity of 25.8 cm/s approached the functional metrics of adult human myocardium. In conclusion, we have developed a versatile methodology for engineering cardiac tissues with a near-adult functional output without the need for exogenous electrical or mechanical stimulation, and have identified mTOR signaling as an important mechanism for advancing tissue maturation and function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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35
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Dai X, Zhou W, Gao T, Liu J, Lieber CM. Three-dimensional mapping and regulation of action potential propagation in nanoelectronics-innervated tissues. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:776-82. [PMID: 27347837 PMCID: PMC5014560 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Real-time mapping and manipulation of electrophysiology in three-dimensional (3D) tissues could have important impacts on fundamental scientific and clinical studies, yet realization is hampered by a lack of effective methods. Here we introduce tissue-scaffold-mimicking 3D nanoelectronic arrays consisting of 64 addressable devices with subcellular dimensions and a submillisecond temporal resolution. Real-time extracellular action potential (AP) recordings reveal quantitative maps of AP propagation in 3D cardiac tissues, enable in situ tracing of the evolving topology of 3D conducting pathways in developing cardiac tissues and probe the dynamics of AP conduction characteristics in a transient arrhythmia disease model and subsequent tissue self-adaptation. We further demonstrate simultaneous multisite stimulation and mapping to actively manipulate the frequency and direction of AP propagation. These results establish new methodologies for 3D spatiotemporal tissue recording and control, and demonstrate the potential to impact regenerative medicine, pharmacology and electronic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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36
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Hu Y, You JO, Aizenberg J. Micropatterned Hydrogel Surface with High-Aspect-Ratio Features for Cell Guidance and Tissue Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21939-45. [PMID: 27089518 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface topography has been introduced as a new tool to coordinate cell selection, growth, morphology, and differentiation. The materials explored so far for making such structural surfaces are mostly rigid and impermeable. Hydrogel, on the other hand, was proved a better synthetic media for cell culture because of its biocompatibility, softness, and high permeability. Herein, we fabricated a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogel substrate with high-aspect-ratio surface microfeatures. Such structural surface could effectively guide the orientation and shape of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). Notably, on the flat hydrogel surface, cells rounded up, whereas on the microplate patterned hydrogel surface, cells elongated and aligned along the direction parallel to the plates. The microplates were 2 μm thick, 20 μm tall, and 10-50 μm wide. The interplate spacing was 5-15 μm, and the intercolumn spacing was 5 μm. The elongation of cell body was more pronounced on the patterns with narrower interplate spacing and wider plates. The cells behaved like soft solid. The competition between surface energy and elastic energy defined the shape of the cells on the structured surfaces. The soft permeable hydrogel scaffold with surface structures was also demonstrated as being viable for long-term cell culture, and could be used to generate interconnected tissues with finely tuned cell morphology and alignment across a few centimeter sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jin-Oh You
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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37
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Visone R, Gilardi M, Marsano A, Rasponi M, Bersini S, Moretti M. Cardiac Meets Skeletal: What's New in Microfluidic Models for Muscle Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2016; 21:E1128. [PMID: 27571058 PMCID: PMC6274098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years microfluidics and microfabrication technique principles have been extensively exploited for biomedical applications. In this framework, organs-on-a-chip represent promising tools to reproduce key features of functional tissue units within microscale culture chambers. These systems offer the possibility to investigate the effects of biochemical, mechanical, and electrical stimulations, which are usually applied to enhance the functionality of the engineered tissues. Since the functionality of muscle tissues relies on the 3D organization and on the perfect coupling between electrochemical stimulation and mechanical contraction, great efforts have been devoted to generate biomimetic skeletal and cardiac systems to allow high-throughput pathophysiological studies and drug screening. This review critically analyzes microfluidic platforms that were designed for skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue engineering. Our aim is to highlight which specific features of the engineered systems promoted a typical reorganization of the engineered construct and to discuss how promising design solutions exploited for skeletal muscle models could be applied to improve cardiac tissue models and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Mara Gilardi
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano 20161, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, PhD School in Life Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.
| | - Anna Marsano
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4065, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Simone Bersini
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano 20161, Italy.
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano 20161, Italy.
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano 6900, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano 6900, Switzerland.
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano 6900, Switzerland.
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38
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Abstract
Fibrous structures are an integral and dynamic feature of soft biological tissues that are directly related to the tissues' condition and function. A greater understanding of mechanical tissue behavior can be gained through quantitative analyses of structure alone, as well as its integration into computational models of soft tissue function. Histology and other nonoptical techniques have traditionally dominated the field of tissue imaging, but they are limited by their invasiveness, inability to provide resolution on the micrometer scale, and dynamic information. Recent advances in optical modalities can provide higher resolution, less invasive imaging capabilities, and more quantitative measurements. Here we describe contemporary optical imaging techniques with respect to their suitability in the imaging of tissue structure, with a focus on characterization and implementation into subsequent modeling efforts. We outline the applications and limitations of each modality and discuss the overall shortcomings and future directions for optical imaging of soft tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Goth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - John Lesicko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, and
| | - Michael S Sacks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, and
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712;
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Kharaziha M, Memic A, Akbari M, Brafman DA, Nikkhah M. Nano-Enabled Approaches for Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1533-53. [PMID: 27199266 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the most prevalent causes of mortality in the world, putting a major economic burden on global healthcare system. Tissue engineering strategies aim at developing efficient therapeutic approaches to overcome the current challenges in prolonging patients survival upon cardiac diseases. The integration of advanced biomaterials and stem cells has offered enormous promises for regeneration of damaged myocardium. Natural or synthetic biomaterials have been extensively used to deliver cells or bioactive molecules to the site of injury in heart. Additionally, nano-enabled approaches (e.g., nanomaterials, nanofeatured surfaces) have been instrumental in developing suitable scaffolding biomaterials and regulating stem cells microenvironment to achieve functional therapeutic outcomes. This review article explores tissue engineering strategies, which have emphasized on the use of nano-enabled approaches in combination with stem cells for regeneration and repair of injured myocardium upon myocardial infarction (MI). Primarily a wide range of biomaterials, along with different types of stem cells, which have utilized in cardiac tissue engineering will be presented. Then integration of nanomaterials and surface nanotopographies with biomaterials and stem cells for myocardial regeneration will be presented. The advantages and challenges of these approaches will be reviewed and future perspective will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Kharaziha
- Biomaterials Research Group; Department of Materials Engineering; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - David A. Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE) Harington; Bioengineering Program; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE) Harington; Bioengineering Program; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
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40
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Shin SR, Zihlmann C, Akbari M, Assawes P, Cheung L, Zhang K, Manoharan V, Zhang YS, Yüksekkaya M, Wan KT, Nikkhah M, Dokmeci MR, Tang X(S, Khademhosseini A. Reduced Graphene Oxide-GelMA Hybrid Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3677-89. [PMID: 27254107 PMCID: PMC5201005 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials currently used in cardiac tissue engineering have certain limitations, such as lack of electrical conductivity and appropriate mechanical properties, which are two parameters playing a key role in regulating cardiac cell behavior. Here, the myocardial tissue constructs are engineered based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hybrid hydrogels. The incorporation of rGO into the GelMA matrix significantly enhances the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the material. Moreover, cells cultured on composite rGO-GelMA scaffolds exhibit better biological activities such as cell viability, proliferation, and maturation compared to ones cultured on GelMA hydrogels. Cardiomyocytes show stronger contractility and faster spontaneous beating rate on rGO-GelMA hydrogel sheets compared to those on pristine GelMA hydrogels, as well as GO-GelMA hydrogel sheets with similar mechanical property and particle concentration. Our strategy of integrating rGO within a biocompatible hydrogel is expected to be broadly applicable for future biomaterial designs to improve tissue engineering outcomes. The engineered cardiac tissue constructs using rGO incorporated hybrid hydrogels can potentially provide high-fidelity tissue models for drug studies and the investigations of cardiac tissue development and/or disease processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Claudio Zihlmann
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 2C5, Canada
| | - Pribpandao Assawes
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Louis Cheung
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kaizhen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vijayan Manoharan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet Yüksekkaya
- Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kai-tak Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85251, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaowu (Shirley) Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cambridge, MA, USA. 02139. (A. Khademhosseini), Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. (Xiaowu (Shirley) Tang)
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cambridge, MA, USA. 02139. (A. Khademhosseini), Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. (Xiaowu (Shirley) Tang)
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Hasan A, Waters R, Roula B, Dana R, Yara S, Alexandre T, Paul A. Engineered Biomaterials to Enhance Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:958-77. [PMID: 26953627 PMCID: PMC4931991 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since adult cardiac cells are limited in their proliferation, cardiac tissue with dead or damaged cardiac cells downstream of the occluded vessel does not regenerate after myocardial infarction. The cardiac tissue is then replaced with nonfunctional fibrotic scar tissue rather than new cardiac cells, which leaves the heart weak. The limited proliferation ability of host cardiac cells has motivated investigators to research the potential cardiac regenerative ability of stem cells. Considerable progress has been made in this endeavor. However, the optimum type of stem cells along with the most suitable matrix-material and cellular microenvironmental cues are yet to be identified or agreed upon. This review presents an overview of various types of biofunctional materials and biomaterial matrices, which in combination with stem cells, have shown promises for cardiac tissue replacement and reinforcement. Engineered biomaterials also have applications in cardiac tissue engineering, in which tissue constructs are developed in vitro by combining stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds for drug screening or eventual implantation. This review highlights the benefits of using biomaterials in conjunction with stem cells to repair damaged myocardium and give a brief description of the properties of these biomaterials that make them such valuable tools to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Renae Waters
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Boustany Roula
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rahbani Dana
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Seif Yara
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Toubia Alexandre
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Arghya Paul
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Fischer KM, Morgan KY, Hearon K, Sklaviadis D, Tochka ZL, Fenton OS, Anderson DG, Langer R, Freed LE. Poly(Limonene Thioether) Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:813-21. [PMID: 26890480 PMCID: PMC4828277 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A photocurable thiol-ene network polymer, poly(limonene thioether) (PLT32o), is synthesized, characterized, fabricated into tissue engineering scaffolds, and demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Micromolded PLT32o grids exhibit compliant, elastomeric mechanical behavior similar to grids made of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), an established biomaterial. Multilayered PL32o scaffolds with regular, geometrically defined pore architectures support heart cell seeding and culture in a manner similar to multilayered PGS scaffolds. Subcutaneous implantation of multilayered PLT32o scaffolds with cultured heart cells provides long-term 3D structural support and retains the exogenous cells, whereas PGS scaffolds lose both their structural integrity and the exogenous cells over 31 d in vivo. PLT32o membrane implants retain their dry mass, whereas PGS implants lose 70 percent of their dry mass by day 31. Macrophages are initially recruited to PLT32o and PGS membrane implants but are no longer present by day 31. Facile synthesis and processing in combination with the capability to support heart cells in vitro and in vivo suggest that PLT32o can offer advantages for tissue engineering applications where prolonged in vivo maintenance of 3D structural integrity and elastomeric mechanical behavior are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Fischer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kathy Ye Morgan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Keith Hearon
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Demetra Sklaviadis
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zachary L Tochka
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lisa E Freed
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Researchand Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Materials Engineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Xu Y, Guan J. Biomaterial property-controlled stem cell fates for cardiac regeneration. Bioact Mater 2016; 1:18-28. [PMID: 29744392 PMCID: PMC5883968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) affects more than 8 million people in the United States alone. Due to the insufficient regeneration capacity of the native myocardium, one widely studied approach is cardiac tissue engineering, in which cells are delivered with or without biomaterials and/or regulatory factors to fully regenerate the cardiac functions. Specifically, in vitro cardiac tissue engineering focuses on using biomaterials as a reservoir for cells to attach, as well as a carrier of various regulatory factors such as growth factors and peptides, providing high cell retention and a proper microenvironment for cells to migrate, grow and differentiate within the scaffolds before implantation. Many studies have shown that the full establishment of a functional cardiac tissue in vitro requires synergistic actions between the seeded cells, the tissue culture condition, and the biochemical and biophysical environment provided by the biomaterials-based scaffolds. Proper electrical stimulation and mechanical stretch during the in vitro culture can induce the ordered orientation and differentiation of the seeded cells. On the other hand, the various scaffolds biochemical and biophysical properties such as polymer composition, ligand concentration, biodegradability, scaffold topography and mechanical properties can also have a significant effect on the cellular processes. Cell therapy is an attractive approach for cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction. Biomaterials are used as cell carriers. This review highlights how biochemical and biophysical properties of biomaterials affect cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- From the Gene Expression Laboratory, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (M.L., J.C.I.B.); and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain (M.L.)
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- From the Gene Expression Laboratory, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (M.L., J.C.I.B.); and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain (M.L.)
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Ying Hsi Fuh J, San Wong Y, Wang W, San Thian E. Direct E-jet printing of three-dimensional fibrous scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:616-627. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Zuyong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Yoke San Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Wilson Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore 119074 Singapore
| | - Eng San Thian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
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46
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Heading in the Right Direction: Understanding Cellular Orientation Responses to Complex Biophysical Environments. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 9:12-37. [PMID: 26900408 PMCID: PMC4746215 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of cardiovascular regeneration is to mimic the biological and mechanical functioning of tissues. For this it is crucial to recapitulate the in vivo cellular organization, which is the result of controlled cellular orientation. Cellular orientation response stems from the interaction between the cell and its complex biophysical environment. Environmental
biophysical cues are continuously detected and transduced to the nucleus through entwined mechanotransduction pathways. Next to the biochemical cascades invoked by the mechanical stimuli, the structural mechanotransduction pathway made of focal adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton can quickly transduce the biophysical signals directly to the nucleus. Observations linking cellular orientation response to biophysical cues have pointed out that the anisotropy and cyclic straining of the substrate influence cellular orientation. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms governing cellular orientation responses in case of cues applied separately and in combination. This review provides the state-of-the-art knowledge on the structural mechanotransduction pathway of adhesive cells, followed by an overview of the current understanding of cellular orientation responses to substrate anisotropy and uniaxial cyclic strain. Finally, we argue that comprehensive understanding of cellular orientation in complex biophysical environments requires systematic approaches based on the dissection of (sub)cellular responses to the individual cues composing the biophysical niche.
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47
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Biorealistic cardiac cell culture platforms with integrated monitoring of extracellular action potentials. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11067. [PMID: 26053434 PMCID: PMC4459200 DOI: 10.1038/srep11067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Current platforms for in vitro drug development utilize confluent, unorganized monolayers of heart cells to study the effect on action potential propagation. However, standard cell cultures are of limited use in cardiac research, as they do not preserve important structural and functional properties of the myocardium. Here we present a method to integrate a scaffolding technology with multi-electrode arrays and deliver a compact, off-the-shelf monitoring platform for growing biomimetic cardiac tissue. Our approach produces anisotropic cultures with conduction velocity (CV) profiles that closer resemble native heart tissue; the fastest impulse propagation is along the long axis of the aligned cardiomyocytes (CVL) and the slowest propagation is perpendicular (CVT), in contrast to standard cultures where action potential propagates isotropically (CVL ≈ CVT). The corresponding anisotropy velocity ratios (CVL/CVT = 1.38 - 2.22) are comparable with values for healthy adult rat ventricles (1.98 - 3.63). The main advantages of this approach are that (i) it provides ultimate pattern control, (ii) it is compatible with automated manufacturing steps and (iii) it is utilized through standard cell culturing protocols. Our platform is compatible with existing read-out equipment and comprises a prompt method for more reliable CV studies.
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48
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Kobayashi M, Lei NY, Wang Q, Wu BM, Dunn JCY. Orthogonally oriented scaffolds with aligned fibers for engineering intestinal smooth muscle. Biomaterials 2015; 61:75-84. [PMID: 26001072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlling cellular alignment is critical in engineering intestines with desired structure and function. Although previous studies have examined the directional alignment of cells on the surface (x-y plane) of parallel fibers, quantitative analysis of the cellular alignment inside implanted scaffolds with oriented fibers has not been reported. This study examined the cellular alignment in the x-z and y-z planes of scaffolds made with two layers of orthogonally oriented fibers. The cellular orientation inside implanted scaffolds was evaluated with immunofluorescence. Quantitative analysis of coherency between cell orientation and fiber direction confirmed that cells aligned along the fibers not only on the surface (x-y plane) but also inside the scaffolds (x-z & y-z planes). Our study demonstrated that two layers of orthogonally aligned scaffolds can generate the histological organization of cells similar to that of intestinal circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Kobayashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nan Ye Lei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Advanced Prosthodontics & Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Buikema JW, Van Der Meer P, Sluijter JPG, Domian IJ. Concise review: Engineering myocardial tissue: the convergence of stem cells biology and tissue engineering technology. Stem Cells 2015; 31:2587-98. [PMID: 23843322 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced heart failure represents a leading public health problem in the developed world. The clinical syndrome results from the loss of viable and/or fully functional myocardial tissue. Designing new approaches to augment the number of functioning human cardiac muscle cells in the failing heart serve as the foundation of modern regenerative cardiovascular medicine. A number of clinical trials have been performed in an attempt to increase the number of functional myocardial cells by the transplantation of a diverse group of stem or progenitor cells. Although there are some encouraging suggestions of a small early therapeutic benefit, to date, no evidence for robust cell or tissue engraftment has been shown, emphasizing the need for new approaches. Clinically meaningful cardiac regeneration requires the identification of the optimum cardiogenic cell types and their assembly into mature myocardial tissue that is functionally and electrically coupled to the native myocardium. We here review recent advances in stem cell biology and tissue engineering and describe how the convergence of these two fields may yield novel approaches for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Buikema
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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50
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Zhao X, Lin Y, Wang Q. Virus-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:534-47. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC USA
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